FROM    THE   LIBRARY   OF 


REV.    LOUIS    FITZGERALD    BENSON,   D.  D. 


BEQUEATHED    BY    HIM    TO 


THE   LIBRARY   OF 


PRINCETON   THEOLOGICAL   SEMINARY 


DMafaat 

s«*w      101SS 


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Specimen  ol   Recent   Church   Architecture. 

Collegiate  R.   I).  Church.  Fifth  Avenue  and  Forty-Eighth  Street. 

\,,i  e.— The  late  Dean  Stanley,  on  a  visit  to  America,  pronounced  this  church 
the  finest  specimen  of  parish  architecture  he  bad  seen. 


A  MANUAL 


nTTT, 


REFORMED  LiHURCH  IN  AMERICA. 


(formerly  ref.  prot.  dutch  church). 


1628-1902. 


yy 


EDWARD    TANJORE    CORWIN,    D.D., 


NEW  BRUNSWICK,   N.  J. 


Fourth  Edition,  Revised  and  Enlarged. 


NEW   YORK : 

Board  of  Publication  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America, 

25  East  22d  Street. 


1902. 


First  Kdition,  1859,  8,000  Copies.     Second  Edition,  1869  1,000  Copies 

Third  Edition,  1879,  electrotyped  ;  first  issue,  1,000  Copies. 

Fourth  Edition,  2,000  Copies. 


Copyrighted,  1902,  by 
EDWARD  T.  CORWIN. 


Chauncey  Holt, 

Printer, 
27  Rose  St.,  \    V 


PREFACE  TO  THE  FOURTH  EDITION. 


This  Manual  has  grown  with  the  decades  until  it  has  become  almost 
too  large  for  a  single  volume.  The  first  edition,  issued  in  1859,*  was  a 
small  quarto  of  166  pages.  In  1869  a  second  edition  was  issued,  being  an 
octavo  volume  of  400  pages.  This  was  improved  in  its  arangement,  con- 
tained a  general  history  of  the  Church,  fuller  sketches  of  the  several  Boards 
and  educational  institutions,  with  many  biographical  sketches  of  the  worthy 
dead.  Thirteen  full-page  steel  portraits  adorned  the  volume.  This  second 
edition  was  exhausted  in  about  four  months. 

In  1879  a  third  edition  was  issued,  an  octavo  volume  of  nearly  700 
pages.  It  was  now  possible  to  present  the  history  of  the  Colonial  period 
much  more  fully  and  satisfactorily,  as  that  portion  of  the  Amsterdam 
Documents  secured  by  the  Hon.  J.  Romeyn  Brodhead  in  1841-3  had 
become  accessible. t  Many  of  the  articles  in  the  preceding  edition  were 
also  rewritten  and  many  new  biographical  sketches  were  incorporated, 
and,  as  in  preceding  editions,  everything  was  brought  down  to  date.  A 
new  feature  was  that  the  publications  of  the  ministers  were  added  to  their 
names.  Forty-two  portraits  or  views  of  churches  adorned  this  issue.  This 
third  edition  was  exhausted  in  a  couple  of  years. 

Preparations  were  made  for  a  fourth  edition  at  the  end  of  another 
decade  (1889),  but  several  circumstances  combined  to  prevent  at  that  time 
the  completion  of  the  work.  Twenty-three  years  have  now  passed  since 
the  last  issue,  and  many  changes  have  occurred  and  great  progress  has 
been  made  in  every  department.  Much  new  material  has  also  accumulated. 
Meantime,  repeated  requests  have  been  made  for  a  new  edition.  A  year's 
interruption  in  his  editorial  work  on  the  Dutch  documents,  those  procured 
formerly  by  Brodhead  as  well  as  those  recently  secured  by  the  writer  in 
1897-8,  §  seemed  to  give  the  opportunity  to  complete  the  long-expected 

*  For  the  origin  of  the  Manual,  see  pages  479,  480  of  the  "  Centennial  of  the  New 
Brunswick  Seminary." 

tFor  a  history  of  the  Brodhead  Documents,  see  the  author's  paper,  styled 
"The  Amsterdam  Correspondence,"  in  Vol.  VIII  of  the  publications  of  "The 
American  Church  History  Society,"  pp.  81-107.  Five  hundred  copies  were  also 
published  separately. 

5  For  an  account  of  these  later  Documents  procured  in  1897-8,  see  the  author's 
report  of  his  researches  in  Holland,  1898,  and  especially  the  "  Introduction  "  in  Vol. 
I  of  these  Documents,  now  in  course  of  publication  by  the  State  of  New  York. 


IV  I'REKACE    TO    THE    FOURTH    EDITION. 

fourth  edition.  But  the  work  has  grown  beyond  all  anticipation.  The 
preliminary  history  seemed  to  require  expansion  in  certain  lines  to  show 
the  ever-growing  tendency  in  the  Colonial  period  to  a  separation  of  Church 
and  State.  The  history  of  the  Boards  -and  institutions,  also,  needed  to  be 
partly  or  wholly  rewritten  and  brought  down  to  date.  Then,  also,  several 
hundred  new  names  had  to  be  added  to  the  biographical  part,  while  the 
increasing  number  of  publications  of  the  ministers  greatly  swelled  the 
book,  notwithstanding  the  omission  of  many  of  the  former  sketches. 

In  order,  therefore,  to  keep  the  work  within  one  volume,  as  well  as 
within  reasonable  expense,  the  author  has  been  obliged  at  the  last  moment 
to  omit  several  articles  prepared  by  himself  and  others  for  this  edition. 
For  the  omission  of  the  articles  of  others,  prepared  by  invitation,  he  must 
crave  the  pardon  of  these  writers.  Rev.  Dr.  John  B.  Thompson  had  prepared 
an  admirable  and  exhaustive  history  of  the  hymnology  of  the  Church  ; 
Rev.  Prof.  William  J.  Hinke,  of  Philadelphia,  had  prepared  a  sketch  of 
the  German  Reformed  Church,  with  biographical  sketches  of  the  early 
ministers ;  Rev.  Henry  Beets,  of  Grand  Rapids,  had  prepared  a  sketch  of 
"  The  Christian  Reformed  Church  in  America,"  and  had  added  an  account 
of  their  ministers  and  churches  on  the  same  plan  as  this  Manual.  This 
body  of  Christians  is  identical  in  confessions  and  government  with  the 
older  Dutch  Church  in  this  country.  They  are  the  Seceders  of  Holland, 
and  now  number  in  America  more  than  ioo  ministers,  with  about  150 
churches  and  nearly  19,000  communicants.  They  have,  also,  a  theological 
seminary  of  their  own  at  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.  No  one  can  regret  these 
omissions  more  than  the  writer.  He  sincerely  hopes  that  other  ways  may 
be  found  to  issue  these  valuable  papers.  They  would  have  added,  pioba- 
bly,  200  pages  to  the  Manual,  and  have  made  it  necessary  to  issue  the  work 
in  two  volumes. 

The  Dutch  Documents  now  in  course  of  translation  and  publication  by 
the  State  of  New  York  will  furnish  the  details  of  many  interesting  facts  in 
the  early  history  of  the  State,  barely  alluded  to  in  this  work,  and  will  be  a 
rich  mine  for  historians  of  the  future.  The  author  takes  this  opportunity 
of  thanking  the  many  friends  who  have  assisted  and  encouraged  him  in  the 
preparation  of  this  edition.  He  earnestly  prays  that  the  great  Head  of  the 
Church  will  bless  it  to  the  advancement  of  His  kingdom  at  home  and 
abroad. 

New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  May  1,   1902. 


TABLE   OF   CONTENTS. 


INTRODUCTION. 

The  Reformed  Church  in  Europe.— Its  Doctrinal  Confessions. — Its  Government 
—The  Reformed  Church  vs.  the  Lutheran.— History  of  the  Reformed  Church: 
in  Switzerland  ;  in  Germany  ;  in  France;  in  the  Netherlands.— Persecutions. 
—The  League  of  "  The  Beggars."— Deliverance.— Union  of  Utrecht— The 
Dutch  Republic— The  Liturgy,  Doctrines  and  Government  of  the  Church 
of  the  Netherlands.— Early  Synods.— The  Arminian  Controversy  and  the 
Great  Synod  of  Dort.— The  Post-Acta.— Later  Church  History  in  Holland.— 
The  Christian  Reformed  Church.— Notes Pages  1-14 

PART   FIRST. 

General  History  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America. 

FIRST  PERIOD. 
The  Chuch  under  the  West  India  Company,  i6z6-'64. 

Chapter  I.— Transplanting.— Different  Elements  of  the  Reformed  Church  in 
America.— The  New  Netherland  Colony.— Its  Civil  Government:  Minuit.— 
The  Church  in  the  Mill-loft.— Comforters  of  the  Sick.— First  Minister  :  Rev. 
Jonas  Michaelius.— His  Famous  Letter.— Mural  Tablets  to  Michaelius  and 
the  Comforters  of  the  Sick.— Relations  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  to  the 
Colonial  Churches.— Seal  of  the  Classis.— Relations  of  the  West  India  Com- 
pany to  the  Churches.— Ministry  of  Bogardus.— The  title  "  Domine."— An- 
neke  Jans.— The  Establishment  of  the  Dutch  Church.— The  Church  in  the 
Fort.— Ministry  of  Megapolensis  at  Rensselaerwyck.— Jesuits  befriended.— 
Tract  of  Megapolensis  on  the  Mohawks.— Father  Jogues'  Description  of  New 
Netherland.— English  Settlers  among  the  Dutch.— Revs.  Francis  Doughty 
and  Richard  Denton. — Notes 15-30 

Chapter  II.— The  Church  during  the  Administration  of  Stuyvesant.— Domine 
Backerus.— The  Rights  of  the  People.— Megapolensis  in  New  Amsterdam.— 
Domine  Drisius.— First  Latin  School.— Churches  on  Long  Island— Fears  for 
the  Future  of  the  Colony.— Opposition  to  the  Lutherans.— Growth  of  other 
Denominations.— Demands  of  the  Lutherans.— Growth  of  the  Reformed 
Church.  —  Persecution  of  Quakers.  —  Sabbath  and  Anti- Liquor  Laws.— 
Father  Le  Moyne  and  his  Letter  to  Megapolensis.— Answer  thereto.— Min- 
istry of  Selyns.— Stuyvesant's  Chapel.— Catechetical  Ordinance.— Conquest 
by  the  English.— Terms  of  Surrender.— The  Ministers  and  Churches  of  New 
Netherland.— Letter  of  Drisius  on  the  Conquest.— Lasting  Influence  of  the 
early  Dutch  Regime.    Can  the  Dutch  Church  survive? 31-44 

SECOND  PERIOD. 

Relation  of  Non-Episcopal  Churches  of  New  York  to  English  Ecclesias- 
tical Laws,  1664-1708. 
Chapter  III.— The  Church  during  the  Administration  of  James  as  Duke  of 
York,  i664-'8s.— The  Oath  of  Allegiance  to  Great  Britain.— Modified  Relations 
of  the  American  Church  to  the  Church  in  Holland.— The  Relation  of  the 
Dutch  to  English  Ecclesiastical  Law.— Resistance  to  an  English  Church  Es- 
tablishment.—The  first   Decade  under   English  Rule.— James,  the  Duke,  a 


VI  TABLE    OF    CONTENTS. 

Roman  Catholic— The  Duke's  Laws  concerning  Religion.— Real  Design  of 
their  Liberality. — Gradual  Extension  of  these  Laws  to  the  whole  Colony. — 
The  Test  Act  in  England.— Reeonquest  of  New  York  by  the  Dutch  (1673),  and 
its  Resurrender  by  the  States-General.  Are  the  Articles  of  the  Original 
Surrender,  concerning  Religion,  modified  thereby  ? — Instructions  to  the  Gov- 
ernors as  to  Religion. — Attempt  to  foist  Van  Rensselaer,  an  Episcopalian 
Dutchman,  on  a  Dutch  Church. — First  Ordination  in  New  York. — General 
Religious  Condition. — Demand  for  a  General  [Legislative]  Assembly. — Re- 
turn of  Domine  Selyns  to  New  York. — His  General  Character  and  Letter  to 
the  Classis. — Warning  of  the  Classis  to  the  Churches  as  to  their  Liberty.— 
The  Charter  of  Liberties  granted  by  James  :  Entire  Freedom  of  Religion 
allowed. — Real  Design  of  this  Liberality. — Notes 45-56 

Chapter  IV.— The  Church  during  the  Administration  of  James  as  King — James 
II,  i685-'88. — Repeal  of  the  Charter  of  Liberties.— Sudden  death  of  Charles  II. 
— James  becomes  King.— His  opposition  to  Popular  Assemblies. — The  Trans- 
mission of  the  Charter  to  America,  for  Record,  suspended. — His  Secret  In- 
structions to  Governor  Dongan  Repealing  the  Charter. — Secret  Instructions 
as  to  Religion. — Awkward  position  of  James  as  a  Catholic. — Arrival  of  Jes- 
uits in  New  York.— Ultimate  Result  of  James'  religious  policy — the  entire 
exclusion  of  Catholics  from  New  York. — Humane  Instructions  concerning 
Indians  and  Negroes. — Their  Baptisms. — Dongan's  Report  on  Religion  in 
1686. — Delay  in  announcing  the  Repeal  of  the  Charter. — Union  of  New  York 
and  New  England. — Downfall  of  James. — Accession  of  a  Dutch  King,  Wil- 
liam III,  to  thethrone  of  England.— Act  of  Toleration  for  England. — Episode 
of  the  Leisler  Troubles. — James's  policy  to  introduce  Catholicism  the  cause. 
— The  Dutch  Ministers  on  the  side  of  Order. — Their  persecution  by  Leisler. 
— Execution  of  Leisler. — Exhumation  of  his  body  and  its  arbitrary  burial 
under  the  Dutch  Church  by  Governor  Bellomont. — French  Invasion  from 
Canada. — Notes 57-65 

Chapter  V.— The  Church  during  the  Reign  of  William  III,  in  part.  i688-'95.— 
The  Ministry  Act. — The  Apparent  Religious  Freedom  in  New  York,  as  grant- 
ed by  James,  vs.  the  Regular  English  Policy  of  Establishing  the  Church  of 
England  in  the  Colonies. — Will  New  York  permit  it? — Restoratien  of  the 
Legislative  Assembly. — The  Test  Act  extended  to  the  Colonies. — Catholics 
not  tolerated. — Proposed  Acts,  to  Establish  the  Church  of  England,  twice 
Rejected  by  the  Assembly. — Finally  passed  after  many  Amendments  and 
Limitations. — Text  of  the  Act.— Rejection  of  the  Governor's  artfully  worded 
Amendment. — King's  Delay  in  signing  it  until  after  the  Charter  to  the  Dutch 
Church.-  Col.  Morris's  Account  of  the  Origin  of  the  Act,  its  Design  and  Im- 
perfections.— The  Governor's  Perversion  of  the  Act. — His  difficulties  with 
the  Civil  Vestry  appointed  under  it. — Shall  a  Dissenter  or  Churchman  be 
called  under  its  Provisions?— Doubtful  result.— Repairs  of  the  Church  in  the 
Fort  for  Episcopal  Services.— The  Assembly  Refuses  to  pay  the  bills. — 
Chaplain  John's  Miller's  plans  for  the  Establishment  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land, and  the  Support  of  a  Bishop  in  New  York. — Religious  Statistics. — 
Notes 66-78 

CHAPTER  VI.— The  Church  during  the  Reign  of  William  III,  continued,  i69s'98. 
First  consequence  of  the  Ministry  Act — the  Complete  Independence  of  the 
Dutch  Church  of  New  York.— The  Two  Church  Charters.— The  numerical 
disparity  between  the  Episcopal  and  non-Episcopal  elements.— Petition  of 
the  Dutch  to  be  allowed  to  build  a  church  outside  the  Fort,  prepared,  1686, 
but  not  presented.— Possible  reasons. — Petition  for  a  Charter.  1688,  Refused. 
—Site  purchased,  through  Trustees,  1692,  and  a  church  building  begun,  while 
the  Ministry  Act  was  under  discussion. — Two  more  petitions  for  a  Charter 
unsuccessful.— The  Governor  balked  in  all  his  efforts  for  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land.—Church  Charter  tinally  granted  to  the  Dutch,  1696,  giving  them  com- 
plete independence  in  all  their  affairs. — Synopsis  and  Extracts  of  said  Char- 
ter.— Selyns'  letter  to  the  Classis.— The  Governor  rewarded  for  the  Charter. 
— Petition  of  certain  Episcopalians  to  be  allowed  to  build  a  church  outside 
the  Fort.— Granted.— Calling  of  Mr.  Vesey.— Appointment  of  "Managers  of 


TABLE    OF    CONTENTS.  Vll 

the  Church  of  England"  distinct  from  the  "Civil  Vestry"  of  the  Ministry 
Act. — Petition  of  said  Managers  for  a  Charter  for  an  Episcopal  Church, 
founding  it  on  the  Ministry  Act. — Granted. — Difficulty  about  date  of  said 
Charter,  if  founded  on  Ministry  Act. — Reasons  why  no  objections  were 
made  to  said  Charter. — Bishop  Perry's  remark. — Complete  dependence  of 
the  "  Church  Vestry  "  on  the  "  City  Vestry  "  for  support. — The  King's  Farm 
petitioned  for  in  Trinity's  Charter,  and  subsequently  granted. — Significance 
of  the  last  sentence  in  Trinity's  Charter.— Failure  of  that  Charter. — Courte- 
sies between  the  Dutch  and  English  ministers. — Notes 79-87 

Chapter  VII. — The  Church  during  the  Reign  of  William  III,  continued,  and  of 
Queen  Anne,  1698-1708. —Instructions  to  the  Governors. — Bellomont's  opinion 
of  the  Ministry  Act  and  of  the  Charter  of  the  Dutch  Church. — Queens  County 
petition  for  an  Act  to  support  a  Dissenting  Ministry. —Opposed  by  Bello- 
mont. — Statistics  of  the  Denominations,  1700. — Ministry  of  the  Rev.  Godfrey 
DelliuS. — Befriends  the  Jesuits.— His  power  over  the  Indians. — His  connec- 
tion with  Fletcher's  land  grants.— Charges  against  him  and  his  vindication. 
— Roman  Catholics  in  New  York  in  1700. — Act  against  Jesuit  and  Popish 
Priests. — Presbyterians  in  1700. — Episcopalians  in  1700. — Character  of  Bello- 
mont. — Cornbury's  opinion  of  Bellomont  and  of  Legislative  Assemblies.— 
Impotence  of  the  Ministry  Act  for  the  Church  of  England. — Supplementary 
Acts. — Trinity  Church  re-incorporated,  1704. — Rev.  Mr.  Vesey's  account  of 
religion  in  the  Province. — Unsuccessful  attempt  to  impose  an  Episcopalian 
on  the  Church  of  Kingston. — Opinion  of  the  people  of  Kings  County  as  to  the 
interference  of  the  Governor  in  their  church-affairs. — Another  Supplemen- 
tary Act,  1705,  to  stiffen  up  the  Ministry  Act.— Col.  Heathcote's  letter  on  the 
religious  situation. — Better  financial  conditions  of  the  Church  of  England 
through  the  Patent  of  the  King's  Farm  to  Trinity  Church,  1705. — Cessation 
of  legislation  in  behalf  of  the  Church  of  England. — Arbitrary  conduct  of 
Cornbury  toward  Dutch  ministers.— His  Council  against  him.— Action  of  the 
Dutch  ministers  to  prosecute  him  in  England. — Disgrace  of  Cornbury. — 
Failure  of  all  efforts  to  repeal  the  Ministry  Act  down  to  the  Revolution. — 
Non-application  of  English  Ecclesiastical  Laws  to  New  York. — Lawsuits 
gained  by  Dissenters. —Cornbury's  oppressions  lead  to  the  settlement  of  the 
Raritan  Valleys  by  the  Dutch. — The  Garden  of  the  Dutch  Church. — Charters 
for  other  Dutch  Churches. — Notes 88-101 


THIRD  PERIOD. 

Struggle  of  the  Reformed  Church  for  Ecclesiastical  Independence  from 

Holland,  1708-1792. 

Chapter  VIII. — Revival  and  Beginnings  of  Organization.  —  The  Generation 
preceding  the  Ccetus,  i7o8-'47. — Scarcity  of  Ministers. — A  few  ordinations  in 
America.  —  The  Great  Awakening. — Influence  of  Frelinghuysen. —  Settle- 
ments of  Germans  on  the  Hudson  and  Mohawk. — Care  of  the  Germans  in 
Pennsylvania  by  the  Church  of  Holland. — Growth  of  the  Church. —  Request 
for  a  Ccetus  and  the  Delay. — Friends  and  Opponents. — Attempt  to  unite  the 
Dutch  and  German  Churches. — Organization  of  the  Ccetus:  Beginning  of 
Independence.  —  Inefficiency  of  the  Coetus.  —  Assumes  the  powers  of  a 
Classis. — Division  of  the  Church. — General  Desire  for  a  College. — Dispute 
concerning  it  between  Episcopalians  and  non-Episcopalians.  —  Trinity 
Church  donates  land  for  Kings  College. — Protest  against  its  sectarian  char- 
acter.—Seceders  from  the  Coetus  sustain  it. — Petition  for  a  Dutch  Professor 
of  Divinity  in  Kings  College. — Opposition  of  William  Livingston. — Charter 
for  Kings  College  granted,  but  without  the  Dutch  Professorship. — Attempt 
of  Rev.  Theodore  Frelinghuysen  to  secure  a  Charter  for  a  Dutch  College. — 
Attempt  of  Domine  Ritzema  to  secure  an  amendment  to  the  Charter  of 
Kings  College,  for  the  Dutch  Professorship. — Granted,  but  not  recorded. — 
Commission  of  Frelinghuysen  to  raise  funds  in  Holland. — Censure  of  Ritze- 
ma.— Controversy  of  the  Coetus  and  Confer  en  tie. — Notes 102-117 


viii  TABLE    OK    CONTENTS. 

Chapter  IX.— Reunion  of  the  Parties.— The  American  Revolution.— The  Amer- 
ican Church  Constitution.— John  H.  Livingston.— Consecration  of  himself  to 
the  Dutch  Church.— Studies  in  Holland.— Proposition  to  unite  the  Dutch 
and  Presbyterian  Churches.— Plans  for  Union  of  the  Ccetus  and  Conferen- 
ce.—Charter  for  Queens  College  in  New  Jersey.— The  Fulton  Street  Church. 
Call  of  Dr.  Livingston.— The  Union  Convention.— Plan  of  Union  approved 
by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.— The  Transitional  Period,  l-jyi-'ga.— Semi-In- 
dependence of  the  Church.— The  Divinity  Professorship  and  Queens  Col- 
lege.—The  American  Revolution.— Assumption  of  entire  Independence.— 
Election  of  Theological  Professors.— Translation  of  the  Doctrine,  Liturgy 
and  Rules  of  Church  Government  into  English.— Explanatory  Articles  on 
Church  Government  added.— The  Church  Constitution  adopted,  1792.— 
Growth  of  the  Church.— Notes 118-130 

FOURTH  PERIOD. 

The  Church  with  Civil  and  Ecclesiastical.  Freedom. 

Chapter  X.— General  Progress  of  the  Church  since  1792.— Brief  review.— His- 
tory of  the  Church's  Constitution.— Development  of  her  Ecclesiastical  Bod- 
ies.—Development  Of  her  Educational  Institutions.— Development  of  her 
Missionary  Boards.— The  Work  at  Home  :  The  recent  Immigrant  Churches. 

—The  Work  Abroad.— Notes 131-14* 

Chapter  XL— History  of  Rutgers  College.— Notes 143-161 

Chapter  XII.— History  of  the  Theological  Seminary  at  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

—Notes 162-185 

Chapter  X III.— Union  College  in  its  Relations  to  the  Reformed  Church 186-190 

Chapter  XIV.— History  of  Hope  College,  Holland,  Michigan 191-198 

Chapter  XV.— History  of  the  Western  Theological  Seminary,  Holland,  Mich- 
igan  199-207 

Chapter  XVI.— History  of  the  Board  of  Education 208-214 

Chapter  XVIL- -History  of  Domestic  Missions 215-225 

Chapter  XVIIL— History  of  The  Young  People's  Societies 226-229 

Chapter  XIX.— History  of  Foreign  Missions 230-281 

CHAPTER  XX.— The  Alliance  of  the  Reformed  Church  throughout  the  World 

holding  the  Presbyterian  System 282-284 

Chapter  XXL— Special  Features  and  Relations.— Union  of  Federation.— The 
Christian  Reformed  Church 285-289 

PART   SECOND. 

The  Ministry 291-934 

PART   THIRD. 

The  Churches 935-1044 

APPENDIX. 

1.  Chronological  List  of  the  Ministers  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America. 

1628-1903 I0« 

2.  Chronological  List  of  the  Churches 1073 

3.  Widows' Fund.— Disabled  Ministers' Fund 1082 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Collegiate  R.  D.  Church,  5th  Ave.  and  48th  St Frontispiece 

The  Church  Under  tlie  Cross:  "Asa  Lily  Among  Thorns" 6 

Ursinus  and  Olevianus  :  Synod  of  Dort... IO 

Tablets  to  the  First  Minister  and  the  Comforters  of  the  Sick 20 

Seal  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam 22 

The  Church  in  the  Fort 25 

Fac-simile  of  Metallic  Plate  found  in  Fulton  Street  Church,  New  York 120 

Rutgers  College M3 

Kirkpatrick  Chapel x52 

Laboratory  of  the  New  Jersey  State  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 160 

Peter  Hertzog  Theological  Hall '73 

Gardner  A.  Sage  Library  and  James  Suydam  Hall 177 

Theological  Faculty  at  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  1902 182 

Graves  Library  and  Winants  Chapel,  Hope  College,  Holland,  Mich 187 

Theological  Faculty  at  Holland,  Mich..  1902 200 

Semelink  Family  Hall,  Holland,  Mich 206 

Two  Groups  of  Ministers  of  the  Collegiate  Church 291 

Rev.  Samuel  R.  Brown,  D.D 344 

Rev.  John  Scudder,  D.D.,  and  Wife.  720 

Rev.  John  V.  N.  Talmage,  D.D 77° 

Rev.  Cornelius  V.  A.  Van  Dyck,  D.D 822 

Rev.  Guido  F.  Verbeck,  D.D 875 

Present  Edifices  of  the  Collegiate   Reformed    Dutch   Churches,   New  York, 

A.  D.  1902 _ 934 

The  South  Dutch  Church,  Garden  St.,  New  York,  Second  Building,  1807-1835...  997 
The  Middle  Dutch  Church,  Nassau  St.,  New  York,  between  Cedar  and  Liber- 
ty Sis.,  1729-1844 998 

The  North  Dutch  Church,  Fulton  St.,  New  York,  1769-1875 icoo 


ABBREVIATIONS. 


A.  C Amherst  College. 

A.  G Amsterdam  Gymnasium. 

A.  S Andover  Seminary. 

Al.  S Allegheny  Seminary. 

Arn.  C Arnheim  College,  Holland. 

A.  R.S Associate  Refd.  Seminary. 

Aub.  S Auburn  Seminary. 

B.  C Beloit  College. 

Bl.  Schl.  or  Sem Bloomfield  School  or  Seminary. 

C.  C Columbia  College. 

C.C.  N.  Y College  of  the  City  of  New  York. 

Ch.  R.  S Christian  Refd.  Seminary,  Grand  Rapids. 

C.  N.  J College  of  New  Jersey. 

Cor.  U Cornell  University. 

C.  U.      Columbia  University. 

C.  U.  I Central  College  or  University  of  Iowa 

D.  C Dickinson  College. 

Dav.  C Davidson  College. 

Glas.  U Glasgow  University. 

G.  R.  M.  H Ger.  Refd.  Miss.  Home,  Sheboygan,  Wis. 

Gum.  G Gumbinnen  Gymnasium,  Germany. 

Gron.  Univ Groningen  University. 

Ham.  C Hamilton  College. 

Hob.  C Hobart  College. 

H.  C Hope  College. 

H.  S Hope  or  Holland  Seminary. 

Har.  U Harvard  College  or  University. 

J.  C Jefferson  College. 

L.  F.  C LaFayette  College. 

Leyd.  U Ley  den  University. 

M.  C Middlebury  College. 

M.  U Michigan  University. 

McCor.  Sem McCormick  Seminary. 

N.  B.  S Mew  Brunswick  Seminary. 

N.  W.  S Northwestern  Seminary. 

N.  Y.  U.  or  U.  N.  Y New  York  University. 

P.  S Princeton  Seminary. 

P.  U Princeton  University. 

Q.  C.  or  R.  C Queens  College  or  Rutgers  College. 

S.  A Schenectady  Academy. 

S.  G Stuttgart  Gymnasium. 

U.  C Union  College. 

U.  S Union  Seminary. 

U.  G University  of  Gratz,  Ger. 

U.  M University  of  Marburg,  Ger. 

U.  Pa University  of  Pa. 

W.  C Williams  College. 

Ut.  U Utrecht  University. 

W.  R.C Western  Reserve  College. 

W.  S Western  Seminary,  Holland,  Mich, 

Y.  C Yale  College. 

Y.  S Yale  Seminary. 

Y.  U Yale  University. 

Other  abbreviations  are  sufficiently  obvious. 


INTRODUCTION.' 


THE  REFORMED  CHURCH  IN  EUROPE. 

The  Reformed  Church  is  the  technical  name  of  that  division  of  Prot- 
estantism which  had  its  rise  in  Switzerland  in  1516  under  Zwingli.  It 
was  contemporary  with,  but  independent  of,  the  Lutheran  Reformation.  It 
was  subsequently  more  fully  developed  and  organized  under  Calvin,  with 
a  distinct  type  of  doctrine  and  polity.  While  the  name  The  Reformed 
Church  was  chiefly  confined  to  churches  on  the  Continent,  this  term  also 
embraced  Protestantism  under  all  its  forms  in  the  British  Isles.  Cranmer 
gave  doctrinal  shape  to  English  Protestantism  in  the  Anglican  communion 
in  the  days  of  Edward  VI.  (1547-53),  being  the  principal  compiler  of  the 
Thirty-nine  Articles  and  the  Prayer-book.2  The  persecutions  under  Mary 
(1553-58)  drove  the  best  of  the  English  Reformers  to  Switzerland,  whence 
some  of  them  brought  back  the  principles  which  developed  into  Puritanism, 
while  John  Knox  carried  back  to  Scotland  with  him  the  principles  of  Pres- 
byterianism. 

DOCTRINAL  CONFESSIONS. 

The  fundamental  thought  of  the  doctrine  of  the  Reformed  Church  is  the 
divine  sovereignty.  The  doctrines  of  grace,  as  they  are  called,  are 
emphasized.  These  doctrines  are  exhibited  in  the  confessions  of  faith  of 
each  country  where  the  Reformed  Church  prevailed :  in  Switzerland  in  the 
Helvetic  Confession ;  in  France  in  the  Gallican ;  in  Holland  in  the  Belgic ; 
in  England  in  the  Seventeenth  Article  of  the  Thirty-nine  Articles,  and  in 
the  Westminster  Confession;  and  finally  these  doctrines  were  revised  and 
formulated  anew  in  the  Canons  of  the  Synod  of  Dort  (1618-19)  by  repre- 
sentatives of  all  the  churches  above  alluded  to,  besides  some  churches  from 
other  European  states. 

The  doctrinal  system  of  Calvin,  as  thus  presented,  was  more  or  less 
modified  at  an  early  period  by  the  federal  theology,  which  was  first  thor- 
oughly formulated  by  Cocceius  (1609-69).  Witsius  subsequently  became 
its  chief  defender  (1636-1708).  Later  modifications  of  the  system  of  Calvin 
were  attempted  at  the  school  of  Saumur  in  France,  by  Fuller  in  England, 
and  by  Jonathan  Edwards  and  others  in  America. 

GOVERNMENT  OF  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH. 

Calvin  also  brought  order  out  of  confusion  by  thoroughly  formulating 
the  system  of  government  of  the  Reformed  Church.  He  distinguished  the 
extraordinary  offices  of  the  church  in  apostolic  times  from  the  ordinary  in 

1 


2  THE     REFORMED     CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 

later  times,  and  divided  them  into  four  classes,  viz.,  ministers,  teachers  (or 
professors),  elders,  and  deacons.  Yet  he  did  not  insist  on  this  as  the  only 
possible  polity,  nor  was  he  inflexible  as  to  the  mode  of  election  of  these 
officers.  So,  also,  the  several  grades  of  ecclesiastical  bodies  which  he  pro- 
posed, such  as  Consistories,  Classes,  local  Synods,  and  a  General  Synod, 
were  not  necessarily  binding,  but  were  matters  of  expediencv. 

It  is  generally  conceded  that  the  faith  of  the  Reformed  Church,  as  origi- 
nally formulated,  together  with  its  democratic  polity,  did  more  for  the 
development  of  modern  civilization,  including  republican  institutions,  than 
any  other  system. 

THE   REFORMED    VERSUS  THE   LUTHERAN    CHURCH. 

In  the  doctrine  of  the  Lord's  Supper  Calvin  also  modified  Zwingli's 
views.  The  great  colloquy  at  Marburg  (1529)  for  the  purpose  of  con- 
solidating the  Swiss  and  German  Reformations,  including  as  it  did  the  dis- 
cussion of  the  doctrine  of  the  Supper,  has  left  a  deep  impress,  even  to  this 
day,  upon  Protestantism.  Then  began  the  real  separation  of  the  Lutheran 
and  Reformed  Churches,  as  they  subsequently  came  to  be  called.  Luther 
held  to  the  more  literal  interpretation  of  the  words,  "This  is  my  body," 
and  was  unyielding;  while  Zwingli  held  to  what  seemed  to  him  the  only 
rational  meaning  of  the  words — that  the  bread  and  wine  represented  the 
body  and  blood  of  Christ,  and  that  the  Supper  was  therefore  chiefly  a 
memorial :  "This  do  in  remembrance  of  me."  Subsequently  Calvin,  while 
holding  the  memorial  view,  emphasized  the  fact  of  the  spiritual  presence 
of  Christ  at  the  Supper,  and  that  He  was  spiritually  received  by  the  spiritual 
and  believing  worshiper.  It  was  chiefly  on  these  differences  that  the 
Lutheran  and  Reformed  Churches  became  distinct  bodies. 

HISTORY  OF  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH. 

SWITZERLAND. 

Zwingli  was  soon  cut  off  in  battle  (153O*  but  not  before  a  large  propor- 
tion of  the  German  cantons  of  Switzerland  had  embraced  the  Reformed 
faith.  The  good  work  was  further  carried  on  in  that  land  by  the  irenic 
CEcolampadius,  and  the  intrepid  and  eloquent  Farel,  who  pulled  down  the 
altars  of  idolatry;3  and,  as  already  intimated,  also  by  Calvin,  learned  and 
severe,  but  possessed  of  unequaled  executive  ability.  He  came  a  refugee 
from  France  in  1536,  the  same  year  in  which  he  published  his  "Institutes  of 
the  Christian  Religion."  The  judicious  labors  of  Bullinger,  also  (1504-75). 
in  guiding  the  infant  church,  and  his  remarkable  influence  upon  the  English 
refugees  while  in  Switzerland,  ought  not  to  be  forgotten ;  nor  the  learning, 
wit,  and  eloquence  of  Beza  (1519-1605).  His  translation  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment into  Latin  (1566)  left  its  distinct  impress  upon  King  James's  version 
of  our  English  Bible  (1611). 

GERMANY. 

From   Switzerland  the  Reformed  faith  passed  over  into  the  Palatinate, 
in  the  days  of  Frederick  III.,  and  was  joyfully  received.     Here  the  Re- 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA.  3 

formed  Church  of  Germany  was  born.4  Here  the  Heidelberg  Catechism, 
which  has  exerted  an  almost  unequaled  influence  upon  Protestantism,  was 
written  by  Ursinus  and  Olevianus  in  1563.5  This  catechism  was  also 
adopted  at  an  early  period  by  the  Church  of  Scotland  as  one  of  its  sym- 
bolical books. 

From  the  Palatinate  the  Reformed  Church  extended  northward,  finding 
a  congenial  soil  in  many  of  the  German  states,  and  quickly  penetrated  as  far 
as  Bremen.  It  also  extended  into  Bohemia,  Poland,  Spain,  and  Italy,  but 
in  these  countries  it  was  soon  suppressed  by  persecution. 

FRANCE. 

In  France  the  Reformed  Church  met  with  great  opposition,  and  many  of 
its  earlier  adherents  were  forced  to  leave  the  country.  Nevertheless  its 
success  was  so  great  that  a  Protestant  Synod  was  held  at  Paris  in  1559, 
representing  more  than  two  thousand  congregations.  This  Synod  revised 
and  approved  the  original  Confession  of  Calvin.  Beza  presented  this  in 
1561  to  Charles  IX.  at  Poissy,  where  he  pleaded  earnestly  for  evangelical 
truth,  and  made  a  deep  impression.  It  was  soon  published  as  the  creed  of 
the  French  Reformed  Church,  and  was  known  as  the  Gallican  Confession. 
It  was  amended  at  the  Synod  of  Rochelle  in  1571,  and  is  sometimes  styled 
the  Confession  of  Rochelle.  It  was  at  this  colloquy  at  Poissy  that  the  dis- 
tinctive name  The  Reformed  Church  originated.  It  was  the  old  apostol- 
ical church,  freed  from  the  errors  and  superstitions  which  had  attached 
themselves  to  it,  and  which  was  now  restored  to  its  primitive  purity  and 
excellence.  This  is  the  old  historic  name,  far  nobler  and  broader  than 
names  which  simply  refer  to  a  form  of  polity  or  to  an  individual  Reformer. 
In  1572  occurred  the  massacre  of  St.  Bartholomew's  Day,  which  caused  the 
death  of  at  least  twenty  thousand  Protestants.  But  truth  again  took  cour- 
age of  despair.  In  the  war  which  ensued  they  obtained  remarkably  favor- 
able terms,  which  prepared  the  way  for  the  Edict  of  Nantes  (1598),  by 
which  they  secured  almost  unlimited  toleration.  For  eighty-seven  years 
this  edict  remained  in  force  (1598-1685),  and  this  period  represents  the 
halcyon  days  of  the  Reformed  Church  of  France.  Great  preachers  adorned 
the  Prolestant  pulpits,  such  as  Jean  Daille,  Saurin,  Du  Bosc,  and  Claude. 
Protestant  schools  were  established  everywhere,  with  thirty  colleges  and 
eight  universities,  of  which  the  most  celebrated  was  that  at  Saumur.  The 
twenty-ninth  and  last  General  Synod  was  held  in  1659.*  The  Edict  of 
Nantes  was  not  revoked  until  1685,  although  the  French  Protestants,  a 
million  in  number,  had  been  much  annoyed  and  hampered  for  many  years 
before.  The  total  number  of  fugitives  before  and  after  the  Revocation  was 
at  least  a  half  million.  They  were  hospitably  received  in  all  the  neighbor- 
ing countries,  which  they  enriched  with  their  arts  and  character.  Multi- 
tudes of  them  came  to  America.  Not  a  few  of  them  went  to  South  Africa, 
and  united  with  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church  of  that  region. 

THE  REFORMED  CHURCH  IN  THE  NETHERLANDS. 

In  the  Netherlands  the  Reformation  met  with  a  most  hearty  welcome. 
Entering  from  Germany,  it  afterward  received  its  chief  impetus  from  Switz- 


4  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

erland  and  France ;  hence  its  distinctive  type  of  the  Reformed  doctrine  and 
more  democratic  polity.  But  here,  as  elsewhere,  there  had  been  a  great 
preparation  made  by  reformers  before  the  Reformation.7  Gerard  Groot 
C 1340-84)  had  made  a  deep  impression  by  his  eloquence  and  enthusiasm. 
He  taught  that  religion  was  a  matter  of  the  heart,  and  not  dependent  on 
priest  and  ceremony.  He  founded  in  1382  the  community  known  as  the 
Brotherhood  of  the  Common  Life.  The  members  lived  together  for  the 
study  of  the  Scriptures  and  the  cultivation  of  practical  piety.  They  used 
the  vernacular  tongue  in  reading  the  Bible,  as  well  as  in  preaching  and 
prayer.  Indeed,  the  Bible  had  been  translated  into  Dutch8  as  early  as 
1477,  and  many  editions  were  published.  These  brethren  gained  their  live- 
lihood by  manual  labor,  by  the  transcription  of  books,  and  especially  by 
teaching.  They  were  not  allowed  to  beg.  This  fact  placed  them  in  striking 
contrast  with  all  the  orders  of  monks.  They  were  very  popular  throughout 
the  land.  Their  schools  became  famous.  From  them  came  some,  of  the 
best  teachers  in  Europe,  and  also  such  men  as  Thomas  a  Kempis  (1380- 
1471),  who  wrote  ''The  Imitation  of  Christ,"  a  book  even  now  published 
by  Protestant  ^;  Wessel  Gansevoort  and  Rudolph  Agricola,  with  their  evan- 
gelical teaching  and  preaching  fifty  years  before  Luther;  and  Erasmus 
(1465-1536),  the  father  of  Biblical  criticism.  He  refused  to  take  monkish 
vows,  and  gave  to  the  world  in  1516  a  new  edition  of  the  Greek  Testament, 
with  a  purer  text  than  had  existed  before,  as  well  as  an  elegant  Latin  version 
of  the  same.  Indeed,  the  graduates  of  the  schools  of  this  brotherhood  sub- 
sequently became  the  heroes  of  the  Reformation  in  the  Netherlands. 

We  can  only  allude  to  the  Anabaptists.  While  some  of  them  were  wild 
and  extravagant  fanatics,  others  were  sweet  evangelical  Christians,  who 
suffered  not  a  little  for  the  truth  as  they  understood  it.  Others  were 
mystics  in  their  views.  Menno  Simons,  a  converted  priest  (1492-1559), 
joined  them  in  1535.  and  was  a  power  for  good  among  them.  While  un- 
doubtedly defective  in  some  of  their  doctrinal  views,  yet  they  emphasized 
tin  work  of  the  Spirit  upon  the  heart.  They  settled  all  differences  by  arbi- 
tration, and  insisted  on  the  strictest  morality.  They  stood  for  civil  and 
religious  liberty,  and  even  at  that  early  period  advocated  a  separation  of 
church  and  state.  They  were  an  important  factor  in  the  Reformation  in 
Holland.  The  desire  of  some  of  their  children  to  join  the  Reformed 
Church  was  the  immediate  occasion  of  the  preparation  of  a  Form  for  Adult 
Baptism,  in  1604.  In  many  respects  they  resembled  the  Society  of  Friends 
in  England. 

PERSECUTIONS. 
Now  Charles  V.  (1519-55),  and  his  son,  Philip  II.  (1555-81).  foolishly 
imagined  that  they  could  turn  back  this  great  tide  of  reform  and  extirpate 
heresy.  Edicts  denouncing  heretics,  and  condemning  them  to  torture  and 
execution,  were  issued  frequently  during  a  generation  (1520-50).  The 
monks  John  Esch  and  Henry  Voes,  for  their  evangelical  teaching,  were 
burned  at  Brussels  as  early  as  1523,  and  were  perhaps  the  first  martyrs  of 
the  Reformation.  Pistorius  suffered  the  same  fate  two  years  later,  and 
uncounted  persecutions  and  tbrturings  and  martyrdoms  followed.9     But  the 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  5 

blood  of  the  martyrs  was  the  seed  of  the  church.  It  would  seem  that 
scores  of  converts  must  have  sprung  up  for  every  martyr.  Many  fled  to 
escape  the  cruel  edicts.  Not  a  few  went  to  England,  where  as  early  as 
1550  Edward  VI.  gave  them  the  spacious  church  of  Austin  Friars  in  Lon- 
don, which  is  used  by  the  Dutch  to  this  day.10  Protests  were  made  by 
Orange,  Egmont,  and  Hoorn  against  the  violence  of  the  Government,  which 
led  to  the  displacement  of  Cardinal  Granvella  (1564),  one  of  the  principal 
instruments  of  the  persecutions.  Meanwhile  the  Council  of  Trent  had 
been  in  session  (1545-63),  and  had  issued  its  decrees  against  heretics. 
Philip  now,  with  blind  fatality,  determined  to  enforce  these  decrees.  It 
was  this  step  which  led  to  the  beginning  of  organized  resistance,  the  hu- 
miliation of  Spain,  the  triumph  of  Protestantism,  and  all  the  glories  of  the 
Dutch  Republic. 

In  1565  a  covenant  was  entered  into  by  a  few  patriots  at  Brussels  to 
resist  the  Spanish  yoke  and  the  introduction  of  the  Inquisition.  The  fol- 
lowing year  four  hundred  nobles  went  on  foot  to  Brussels,  to  the  court 
of  the  Regent,  Margaret  of  Parma,  a  natural  daughter  of  Charles  V.,  and, 
on  April  5,  1566,  earnestly  petitioned  for  protection  from  persecution,  and 
for  religious  toleration.  One  of  the  councilors  referred  to  the  petitioners, 
coming  as  they  did  on  foot,  as  a  troop  of  beggars.  The  phrase  was  over- 
heard, and  at  a  banquet  on  the  evening  of  April  8  it  was  eagerly  adopted 
by  the  young  nobles  as  a  party  name — Vivent  les  Gueulx!  A  league  was 
formed  called  the  League  of  Beggars,  and  the  term  became  a  rallying-cry 
of  great  power.  Orange,  Egmont,  and  Hoorn,  though  they  had  at  first 
stood  aloof,  dropped  in  at  the  banquet  of  the  nobles  and  drank  health  to 
"The  Beggars."  As  if  by  a  common  instinct,  the  people  everywhere  ac- 
cepted of  the  title,  and  wore  medals  to  indicate  their  position.  Delegations 
were  sent  to  Philip  to  ask  for  relief,  but  they  accomplished  nothing.  Field- 
preaching  now,  under  the  protection  of  armed  men,  did  much  to  evangelize 
the  people  and  inspire  them  to  resist  oppression.  Herman  Stryker  in  the 
vicinity  of  Ghent,  Peter  Dathemus  in  West  Flanders,  together  with  Am- 
brose Willie  Marnier,  Guy  de  Bres,  Francis  Junius,  Peregrine  de  la  Grange. 
Peter  Gabriel,  and  John  Arentsen,  were  among  the  first  of  these  field- 
preachers,  and  the  practice  soon  spread  all  over  the  land.  The  hymns  of 
Beza  and  Marot  were  also  of  great  service,  not  only  for  devotion,  but  for 
instruction,  and  in  exciting  enthusiasm.  The  people  soon  rose  in  their 
might,  and  the  churches  throughout  the  land  were  quickly  shorn  of  the 
symbols  of  superstition  and  idolatry.  Monasteries  and  nunneries  were  de- 
stroyed. The  church  buildings  were  whitewashed  to  indicate  their  purifi- 
cation, and  preaching  and  simple  devotions  took  the  place  of  ceremonialism. 
The  Lily  among  Thorns11  became  the  emblem  of  the  church. 

But  Philip  now  resolved  utterly  to  extirpate  heresy  at  all  hazards.  The 
Duke  of  Alva  came  into  the  country  with  twenty  thousand  mercenary 
troops,  and  a  work  of  carnage  and  martyrdom,  on  a  scale  perhaps  un- 
equaled,  was  begun.  Alva  was  made  regent.  During  six  years  (1567-73) 
one  hundred  thousand  men  lost  their  lives.  He  established  a  Council  on 
Disturbances  to  ferret  out  heretics.  The  people  called  it  the  Council  of 
Blood.     Death  was  decreed  against  every  one  tainted  in  the  slightest  degree 


0  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

with  heresy.  It  was  at  this  time  that  Egmont  and  Hoorn  lost  their  lives. 
Myriads  of  the  best  citizens  fled  the  country.  They  went  to  Germany, 
Denmark,  and  especially  to  England.  Eight  Dutch  churches  soon  sprang 
up  in  London.  There  were  also  Dutch  churches  established  in  Canterbury 
and  Norwich,  which  were  fostered  by  Elizabeth ;  also  at  Rye,  Southampton, 
Winchelsea,  Glastonbury,  Dover,  Whittlesea,  Thormay,  Feversham,  Sand- 
toft,  Ipswich  and  Hampton.     Not  a  few  of  the  refugees  Anglicized  their 


(The  Cburclj  Wixibtx  %  (llross. 


ALS   EENE   LELIE  ONDER  DE   D00RNEN. 

(As  a  Lily  Among  the  Thorns.) 


names,  and  their  descendants  were  found  among  the  Independents  in 
England,  and  some  of  them  ultimately  came  to  New  England.  England 
was  greatly  benefited  by  the  useful  arts  which  they  introduced.12 


DELIVERANCE. 

But  deliverance  was  near  at  hand.  William  of  Orange  (1533-84)  was 
raised  up  by  Providence  to  save  the  nation  and  make  it  a  shining  example 
to  all  future  time  of  perseverance  in  a  good  cause  unto  victory.  William 
had  been  honored  by  many  offices  of  trust.  He  had  listened  in  silence  to 
Henry  II.,  who  had  told  him  of  a  plot  to  destroy  all  Protestants  in  France 
and  the  Netherlands;  hence  his  surname  of  "the  Silent."  But  he  was  hor- 
rified at  the  recital.  And  now  with  the  arrival  of  Alva  he  could  no  longer 
conscientiously  remain  in  the  service  of  Philip.  He  retired  to  Germany 
and  became  a  Protestant.  He  was  outlawed,  but  ultimately  raised  an  army, 
and  was  more  than  a  match  for  Philip.  He  fought  the  Spaniards  not  only 
by  land  but  by  sea,  and  took  some  rich  prizes.  In  1572  the  "water-beg- 
gars" took  Briel,  and  this  was  the  turning  of  the  tide. 

After  the  siege  of  Haarlem,  which  cost  Alva  twelve  thousand  of  his  troops, 
together  with  the  mutinies  which  followed,  Alva  was  glad  to  seek  recall 
from  the  country  in  1573.  With  the  siege  of  Leyden  (1574)  the  Spanish 
efforts  were  further  frustrated.  Orange  was  soon  able  to  enter  upon  a 
series  of  negotiations  which  resulted  in  the  Pacification  of  Ghent  (1576), 
in  which  the  seventeen  provinces  bound  themselves  together  to  drive  out 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  7 

the  Spaniards  and  to  establish  freedom  of  .religion.  Many  intrigues  fol- 
lowed. The  southern  provinces  withdrew  from  the  compact,  leaving  Bel- 
gium Roman  Catholic.  The  Protestants  of  that  country  now  fled  to 
Holland,  and  are  known  as  Walloons— of  whom  more  in  a  subsequent 
chapter.  In  1579  was  signed  the  Union  of  Utrecht,  consisting  of  the  seven 
northern  provinces,  and  this  union  became  the  foundation  of  the  Dutch 
Republic.  They  adopted  as  their  motto,  Eendracht  maakt  macht—"a  united 
pull  gives  power,"  or  "union  makes  strength."  This  ought  now  to  be  made 
the  motto  of  Protestantism  in  the  federation  of  all  evangelical  churches. 
Ill  1581  the  States-General  or  senate  of  Holland  deposed  Philip  as  un- 
worthy to  be  recognized  any  longer  as  their  king,  and  issued  their  Declara- 
tion of  Independence.'  In  this  they  declare  that  a  prince  is  appointed  by 
God  to  defend  and  preserve  his  subjects,  and  not  to  oppress  and  persecute 
and  murder  them;  that  the  subjects  were  not  created  for  the  sake  of  the 
prince,  to  obey  him  whatever  might  be  his  character,  but  that  the  prince 
was  made  for  the  subjects,  to  govern  them  justly  and  be  a  father  unto 
them ;  that  if  he  does  not  act  thus,  he  is  a  tyrant,  and  ought  no  longer  to 
be  recognized,  and  another  should  be  chosen  in  his  place.  Hence  they  de- 
clared that  from  necessity  the  king  of  Spain  was  ipso  jure  deposed  from 
his  sovereignty  over  the  Low  Countries,  and  they  would  no  longer  use  his 
name  or  permit  others  to  use  it  as  their  sovereign. 

THE  DUTCH  REPUBLIC. 

Thus  arose  the  Dutch  Republic.13  The  wonders  of  her  career  cannot  here 
be  described — her  constitution ;  her  wars ;  her  diplomacy ;  her  universities, 
scholars,  and  divines;  her  power  on  the  sea;  her  great  commercial  com- 
panies ;  her  colonies  in  Asia,  Africa,  and  America ;  her  riches ;  her  toleration 
of  all  sects;  her  welcome  to  the  Pilgrims  and  other  dissenters  from  the 
British  Isles.  The  war,  of  course,  went  on,  with  periods  of  truce;  but  it 
was  not  until  1648,  at  the  Peace  of  Westphalia,  after  an  eighty  years'  war, 
that  the  political  rights  of  all  the  Reformed  princes  and  Churches  of  the 
Continent  were  secured  by  treaty ;  and  this  treaty  became  the  basis  of  the 
positive  law  of  all  Europe.  From  this  epoch  date  regular  international 
relations,  through  continuous  diplomatic  agents,  among  all  Christian  nations. 
The  same  principle  is  now  extended  to  Turkey  and  the  nations  of  Asia. 

THE  LITURGY  OF  THE  NETHERLANDS14— EARLY  SYNODS. 

During  the  troublous  times  before  independence,  liturgies  were  growing 
up,  containing  purified  forms  of  devotion,  and  these  were  also  full  of  in- 
struction to  the  common  people.  In  their  composition  all  the  older  litur- 
gies, even  to  the  earliest  centuries,  were  freely  used.15  Errors  and  supersti- 
tions which  had  attached  themselves  to  them  were,  of  course,  eliminated. 
These  liturgies,  as  they  appeared,  were  translated  from  one  language  to 
another,  with  improvements,  until  they  approximated  the  Reformed  ideal. 
Besides  an  earlier  one  in  Geneva.  Calvin  prepared  a  liturgy18  for  his  Wal- 
loon congregation  at  Strassburg  in  1541,  which  was  printed  in  TS45-     A 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 

second  edition  was  published  in  1546  by  Polanus,  Calvin's  successor.  Upon 
the  removal  of  Polanus  with  his  entire  flock  to  Glastonbury,  England,  in 
1551,  he  translated  this  liturgy  into  English,  which  Cranmer  and  his  col- 
leagues used  in  the  preparation  of  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer. 

In  1553  John  a  Lasco,  pastor  of  the  Dutch  Church  of  Austin  Friars,  Lon- 
don, prepared  a  liturgy  in  Latin,  based  on  that  of  Polanus.  An  abridg- 
ment of  this  was  made  by  Micron  in  1554,  translated  into  Dutch,  and  printed 
at  Embden  under  the  title,  "Christian  Ordinances  of  the  Netherlands  Con- 
gregations of  Christ,  with  the  approbation  of  the  ministers  and  elders  of 
the  Neder  Dutch  Church  of  Christ  at  London,  for  the  comfort  and  profit  of 
all  believers.  Diligently  collected  and  arranged  by  Martin  Micron."  The 
next  year  a  Latin  edition  of  a  Lasco's  liturgy  of  1553  was  published  at 
Frankfort  under  the  title,  "The  Form  of  Ecclesiastical  Service  in  the  Dutch 
Church  of  Foreigners  Established  at  London  in  England."  In  1566  Dath- 
enus  revised  the  liturgy  of  Micron,  and  this  revision  was  formally  adopted 
in  Holland  by  the  Synod  of  Wesel  in  1568.  This  also  contained  Dathenus's 
versification  of  the  Psalms  and  the  Heidelberg  Catechism.  Forms  for  the 
administration  of  baptism  to  infants.  Micron's  Compendium  for  those  who 
wished  to  enter  into  the  full  communion  of  the  church,  forms  for  the  ad- 
ministration of  the  Lord's  Supper,  and  for  marriage,  with  many  forms  of 
prayer,  were  also  incorporated.  This  revised  liturgy  of  Dathenus  was 
formally  adopted  by  the  Synods  of  Holland  and  Zeeland  in  1574.  and  soon 
came  into  more  or  less  general  use  in  all  the  provinces.  The  prayers  in 
these  liturgies  were  not  obligatory.  Thus  during  the  generation  of  greatest 
persecution  were  these  believers  preparing  forms  of  worship  which  would 
exert  an  educational  influence  tor  generations. 

DOCTRINAL   STANDARDS   IN   THE   NETHERLANDS.17 

Meantime,  also,  they  felt  the  necessity  of  providing  themselves  with  a 
definite  creed  and  church  order,  or  system  of  .polity.  Congregations,  more 
or  less  imperfectly  organized,  had  sprung  up  everywhere.  Many  minor 
differences  in  faith  and  order  needed  to  be  adjusted.  Guido  de  Bres.  Peter 
Dathenus,  Henry  Modet,  and  Francis  Junius  were  the  principal  instruments 
in  securing  the  unity  desired.  After  a  few  concessions  wrung  from  the 
Regent  Margaret  in  1566,  some  Walloon  and  Dutch  pastors  felt  encouraged 
to  meet  at  Antwerp,  with  a  number  of  nobles,  to  begin  the  formation  of  a 
regular  church  organization.  After  slight  revision  they  adopted  the  Belgic 
'Confession  of  Faith,  which  had  been  composed  by  Guido  de  Bres  in  1550. 
and  published  in  1561.  It  was  modeled  after  the  Gallican  Confession,  and 
contained  thirty-seven  articles.  A  copy  was  sent  to  Philip  II..  with  an 
explanatory  letter,  and  also  with  a  request  for  protection  and  liberty  of  con- 
science. At  the  same  time  an  exhortation  was  addressed  to  the  several 
local  authorities  of  the  Netherlands.  The  Keidelberg  Catechism  was  pro- 
visionally adopted  at  the  same  time.  The  Synod,  however,  was  careful  to 
say  that  these  standards  of  doctrine  were  only  symbols  of  agreement,  and 
that  the  Word  of  God  was  their  only  rule  of  faith. 

Such  was  the   beginning  of  the   Reformed   Church   in    the   Netherlands, 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA.  Q 

although  the  principles  of  the  same  faith  and  ever-increasing  numbers  of 
adherents  had  existed  for  nearly  half  a  century,  not  to  speak  of  similar  be- 
lievers before  the  Reformation. 

CHURCH    POLITY   IN   THE    NETHERLANDS— THE   SYNOD    OF 

WESEL. 

The  two  Synods  which  formulated  the  Church  Order,  as  the  polity  of 
the  church  was  called,  were  obliged  to  meet  outside  the  Netherlands*  on 
account  of  the  raging  persecutions  within.  It  was  during  the  atrocities  of 
Alva  (1567-73),  who  had  sworn  to  exterminate  the  heretics,  that  the  Dutch 
proceeded  to  organize  their  church,  not  doubting,  in  their  new-found 
evangelical  faith,  but  that  God  would  give  them  victory  and  peace.  This 
Synod  of  Vv'esel  (1568)  accordingly  adopted  the  name  "The  Netherland 
Churches  which  are  Waiting  under  the  Cross."  They  also  adopted  provision- 
ally Calvin's  Presbyterian  polity,  which  they  elaborated  in  certain  particulars 
to  suit  their  circumstances.  Ministers  must  be  pious  and  iearned  men,  and 
must  agree  in  doctrine  with  the  standards  already  adopted.  Schools  must 
be  established  for  the  study  of  Hebrew,  Greek,  and  Latin.  The  Walloon 
churches  could  use  the  Geneva  Catechism.  The  Dutch  versification  of  the 
Psalms  by  Dathenus  was  adopted  for  use  in  worship.  The  duties  of  the 
four  classes  of  officers  were  defined,  and  directions  were  given  as  to  sermon- 
izing and  prophesying— that  is,  Bible-class  teaching.  They  refused  to  give 
minute  directions  as  to  the  way  of  administering  baptism  and  the  Supper, 
lest  they  should  seem  to  tyrannize  over  consciences. 

THE  SYNOD  OF  EMBDEN. 

At  the  Synod  of  Embden  (1571)  the  action  of  the  Synod  of  Wesel  was 
confirmed,  and  some  additions  were  made.  Ministers  must  subscribe  to 
the  standards  of  doctrine.  The  name  "consistory"1"  was  adopted  for  the 
minister,  elders  and  deacons  of  each  church,  who  must  hold  weekly  meet- 
ings. The  Classes  were  to  meet  quarterly  or  semi-annually,  and  a  biennial 
General  Synod  was  suggested,  which  should  be  conventional.  Ministers 
were  to  be  called  by  the  Consistory,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Classis. 
These  features  of  church  government,  more  or  less  expanded,  remain  the 
same  in  the  Reformed  Church  in  America  to  this  day. 

With  the  recall  of  the  Duke  of  Alva  to  Spain  (1573)  the  fugitives  were 
enabled  to  return.  A  Synod  embracing  only  the  two  provinces  of  Holland 
and  Zeeland  was  held  in  1574  which  was  somewhat  retrogressive,  owing  to 
local  and  personal  reasons,  but  its  acts  were  not  recognized  by  the  States. 
Following  the  siege  of  Leyden  the  University  of  Leyden10  was  founded  in 
1575  in  reward  of  the  heroism  of  the  citizens.  In  1576  the  Reformed 
Church  was  established  in  the  provinces  of  Zeeiand  and  Holland,  but  free- 
dom of  religion  was  allowed  in  all  the  provinces.  This  was  the  result  of  the 
Pacification  of  Ghent.  The  infamous  edicts  of  Charles  V.  were  now  re- 
pealed, and  the  Inquisition  was  forever  prohibited. 


10  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

THE  FIRST  SYNOD  OF  DORT. 

With  two  national  Synods  which  were  subsequently  held  in  the  country — 
viz.,  at  Dort  (1576)  and  at  Middelburg  (1581) — the  polity  of  the  Reformed 
Church  of  Holland  was  completed.  The  first  of  these  Synods  was  called 
without  the  consent  of  the  civil  power.  It  declared  that  in  ecclesiastical 
matters  the  power  belonged  to  the  church  alone.  It  was  subsequently  con- 
ceded, however,  that  calls  on  ministers  might  be  also  approved  by  the 
magistrates.  The  four  grades  of  ecclesiastical  bodies  were  defined,  viz., 
Consistories,  Classes,  Provincial  Synods,  and  a  General  Synod  which  was 
to  meet  triennially.  Church  records  were  to  be  minutely  kept,  as  well  as 
records  of  baptisms  and  marriages.  The  conditions  of  full  church-member- 
ship were  defined. 

THE  SYNOD  OF  MIDDELBURG. 

The  Synod  of  Middelburg  (1581)  invited  the  States  to  send  a  delegation, 
but  this  was  declined.  This  excited  some  suspicions.  This  Synod  decided 
that  the  States  should  not  be  recognized  in  the  election  of  ministers,  elders 
or  deacons.  A  proposition  was  made  for  some  sort  of  civic  superintendence, 
but  this  was  rejected.  It  was  now  decided  that  all  church  officers,  includ- 
ing professors  of  theology  and  schoolmasters,  must  sign  the  standards  of 
doctrine.  The  Reformed  Church  of  Holland  was  now  (1581)  thoroughly 
organized,  with  an  evangelical  liturgy  and  creed  and  a  Presbyterian  polity. 
Within  a  month  after  the  adjournment  of  this  Synod,  as  before  said,  Philip 
II.  was  formally  deposed.  The  Reformed  Church  now  became  the  estab- 
lished church  of  the  Netherlands.  The  minutes  of  the  famous  Classis  of 
Amsterdam  begin  in  1582. 

THE    ARMINIAN    CONTROVERSY— THE    GREAT     SYNOD     OF 

DORT. 

To  pass  over  the  intervening  period,  in  1609  began  a  truce  of  twelve 
years  with  Spain.  In  the  same  year  began  the  great  Arminian  controversy, 
which  led  to  the  call  of  the  famous  Synod  of  Dort  (1618-19).  Arminius 
(1560-1609)  was  ordained  as  a  Reformed  minister  in  1586.  In  1603  he  be- 
came professor  of  theology  at  Leyden.  He  soon  became  involved  in  a  dis- 
pute with  Gomar  on  fore-ordination.  He  asked  for  the  assembling  of  a 
Synod  to  decide  the  questions  involved,  but  before  this  could  be  done  he 
died.  His  adherents,  as  ministers  of  the  Reformed  Church,  were  con- 
demned for  holding  opinions  contrary  to  the  standards  of  doctrine  which 
they  had  subscribed.  In  1610  they  presented  a  remonstrance  against  this 
decision,  and  hence  were  called  Remonstrants.  The  debate  went  on  for  ten 
years.  The  Remonstrants  held  to  a  conditional  election,  an  unlimited 
atonement,  yet  that  no  man  of  himself  is  able  to  exercise  saving  faith,  except 
through  the  power  of  the  Holy  Spirit ;  and  that  grace  does  not  act  upon 
men  in  an  irresistible  way.  Upon  the  perseverance  of  the  saints  they  were 
undetermined.     All  the  Reformed  churches  of  Europe  were  invited  to  send 


J/,or[ ssoR  »\ 


n^ 


Authors 

oftde 

Heidelberg- Catechism 


Synod  of  Dort,  1618-19. 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA.  II 

delegates  to  this  Synod,  and  they  all  complied  except  Anhalt.  Those  ap- 
pointed by  the  Reformed  Church  of  France  were  forbidden  to  attend  by  the 
King.  James  I.  of  England  sent  Carleton,  Bishop  of  Llandaff ;  Davenant, 
afterward  Bishop  of  Salisbury;  Samuel  Ward,  professor  at  Cambridge; 
Joseph  Hall,  afterward  Bishop  of  Exeter  and  Norwich,  and  Walter  Bal- 
canqual,  chaplain  to  the  king.  Twenty-three  delegates  came  from  Germany, 
the  Palatinate  and  Switzerland.  It  is  a  little  remarkable  that  there  were  no 
delegates  from  Scotland.  Did  King  James  prevent  their  going?  There 
were  thirty-one  Dutch  ministers  present,  twenty  elders  and  five  professors. 
The  Arminians  were  cited  as  accused  parties.  Their  leader,  Episcopius, 
defended  their  views  with  great  eloquence  and  boldness.  The  doctrines  of 
grace  concerning  predestination,  redemption,  the  corruption  of  man  and  the 
manner  of  his  conversion  and  the  perseverance  of  the  saints  were  elabo- 
rately discussed  and  more  accurately  defined  and  formulated  in  what  are 
called  the  Canons  of  the  Synod  of  Dort.  The  design  of  these  Canons  is 
to  magnify  the  grace  of  God  in  the  salvation  of  sinners.  The  representa- 
tives of  all  the  Reformed  churches  present  signed  the  Canons.  It  was  then 
decided  that  the  Remonstrants,  as  officers  of  the  Reformed  Church,  should 
be  excluded  from  their  offices.20  They  would,  no  doubt,  have  been  tolerated 
as  a  separate  sect. 

Political  complications  were  involved  in  the  discussion,  and  the  long  dis- 
pute no  doubt  exasperated  both  parties;  hence  the  added  severity  of  the 
banishment  of  about  two  hundred  ministers,  including  the  great  statesman 
and  scholar,  Hugo  Grotius,  and  the  execution  of  Barneveldt.  But  these 
events  must  be  judged  in  the  light  of  the  seventeenth  century.  Within  six 
years,  upon  the  death  of  Maurice  (1625),  the  Remonstrants  were  permitted 
to  return,  and  full  toleration  was  granted  them.  Arminians  are  now  found 
everywhere.  As  Wesleyans  in  Great  Britain  and  Methodists  in  America, 
though  somewhat  loose  and  uncertain  in  doctrine  and  given  to  extremes  in 
action,  they  have  been  most  useful  in  advancing  the  kingdom  of  God,  and 
the  Reformed  Church  in  America  bids  them  Godspeed. 

THE  POST-ACTA. 

The  Synod  of  Dort  was  in  session  for  six  months  and  its  proceedings  are 
voluminous.  After  the  withdrawal  of  the  foreign  delegates  at  the  close  of 
the  one  hundred  and  fifty-fourth  session,  the  Dutch  delegates  continued  in 
session  as  a  National  Synod.  Its  acts  (Sessions  155-180)  are  known  as 
the  Post-Acta.21  They  relate  to  a  variety  of  topics,  such  as  church  ordi- 
nances, the  jus  patronatus,  church  visitation,  the  call  to  the  ministerial 
office,  correspondence  between  magistrates  and  Consistories,  festival  days, 
the  hymns  to  be  sung  in  the  church,  the  baptism  of  Roman  Catholics,  the 
observance  of  the  Sabbath,  the  marriage  relation,  professors,  the  form  to 
be  signed  at  ordination,  the  baptism  of  the  sick  and  of  adults,  the  visitation 
of  the  sick,  a  new  translation  of  the  Bible  into  Dutch,  foreign  missions, 
profanity,  ministers'  salaries,  the  liturgy,  and  other  matters. 

The  Heidelberg  Catechism  was  reindorsed  with  words  of  praise,  and 
parents  were  exhorted  to  teach  it  in  the  home.22     It  was  required  to  be- 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH      IX     AMERICA. 


taught  in  the  schools.  The  establishment  of  more  schools  was  urged.  Min- 
isters were  required  to  explain  a  portion  of  the  catechism  every  Sabbath 
afternoon.  A  compendium  of  the  catechism  prepared  by  Herman  Fauke- 
lius  was  adopted  in  the  place  of  that  of  Micron  and  others  which  had 
formerly  been  used. 

New  forms  had  been  added  to  the  liturgy  from  time  to  time,  and  modi- 
fications had  been  made  by  different  Synods.  The  revision  of  the  liturgy 
was  now  intrusted  to  a  committee,  of  which  Festus  Hommius,  pastor  at 
Leyden,  was  chairman.  Their  work  was  ratified  by  the  Provincial  Synods 
in  1622.  The  Articles  of  Church  Government  were  also  revised.  They 
consist  of  eighty-six  articles,  which  were  treated  under  four  heads;  viz., 
Offices;  Ecclesiastical  Assemblies;  Doctrines,  Sacraments  and  Usages;  and 
Discipline.  Of  course  the  Erastian  features  of  church  government  con- 
tinued in  these  rules,  on  account  of  the  union  of  church  and  state,  as  was 
the  case  in  every  country  of  Europe.  Therefore  it  was  possible  for  the 
State  to  prevent  a  General  Synod  from  being  held  for  two  centuries,  1618- 
1816.  Provincial  Synods  were  held,  however,  and  these  sent  delegates  to 
one  another.  These  Rules  were  also  the  Rules  of  the  Dutch  Church  in 
America  until  1792,  although  the  Erastian  element  of  these  rules  was  never 
operative  in  America.  It  was  just  after  the  Synod  of  Dort  that  the  West 
India  Company  was  chartered,  1621,  and  New  Netherland  began  to  be  col- 
onized. 

Subsequent  generations  in  Holland  passed  through  many  vicissitudes." 
The  spread  of  rationalism  in  the  eighteenth  century  affected  many  of  her 
ministers,  and  the  Napoleonic  wars  resulted  in  a  great  modification  of  the 
polity  of  the  church.  In  1796  the  French  decreed  "that  the  church  be  sepa- 
rated from  the  state,  and  that  no  social  advantage  or  disadvantage  is  to  be 
derived  from  the  profession  of  any  religion  whatever."  The  churches  and 
ministers  by  this  sudden  change  were  left  in  great  straits  and  suffering. 
Bui  with  the  battle  of  Waterloo,  1K15.  the  French  were  overthrown.*  In 
1816  William  I.,  who  had  become  King  of  Holland,  called  a  General  Synod, 
and  offered  to  support  the  church,  if  the  church  would  accept  of  a  modi- 
fied constitution.  In  their  great  distress  they  yielded,  and  the  old  Presby- 
terian form  of  government  was  greatly  modified,  if  not  quite  destroyed. 
General  Synods*  have  been  held  yearly  since  1816,  but  the  representatives 
are  few,  and  in  all  the  church  bodies  a  Bestuur  or  Board  of  Administration 
manages  all  affairs.  Subsequently  the  church  gave  up  the  Canons  of  Dort 
and  allowed  as  wide  a  latitude  to  her  ministers  and  professors  as  Germany 
or   Switzerland. 

refore,  in   1834,  a  number  of  ministers  and  churches  separated  from 
the  E  d  Church  and  organized  The  Christian  Reformed  Church. 

Their  design  was  to  secure  and  maintain  purity  of  doctrine.  Alter  much 
difficulty,  and  not  without  considerable  persecution  and  suffering,  they  ob- 
tained recognition.  In  1846.  mainly  from  this  body,  began  a  new  emigra- 
tion of  Hollanders  to  America,  going  chiefly  to  Michigan  and  other  Western 
States.  A  large  portion  of  them  fell,  naturally,  into  the  fold  of  the  Re- 
formed Church  in  America,  which  has  always  adhered  to  the  original 
system  of  Reformed  doctrine  and   polity      Some,   however,   not   being  able 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA.  13 

at  first  to  appreciate  American  institutions  and  the  absolute  toleration  which 
has  always  prevailed  here  since  the  American  Revolution,  separated,  sooner 
or  later,-  from  the  others,  and  formed  "The  Christian  Reformed  Church 
in  America." 

The  present  kingdom  of  the  Netherlands,  according  to  the  constitution 
of  1848,  grants  entire  liberty  of  conscience  and  complete  civil  equality  to  the 
members  of  all  religious  confessions.  The  old  National  Reformed  Church, 
the  Lutheran  Church,  the  Remonstrants,  the  Roman  Catholic  Church,  Eng- 
lish Presbyterian  ministers  in  certain  seaports,  and  even  the  Jews,  are  sup- 
ported by  the  Government.  Only  "The  Christian  Reformed  Church"  re- 
ceives no  help  from  the  State,  which,  spiritually  considered,  is  an  undoubted 
advantage.  In  1857,  under  the  influence  of  the  liberals  and  the  Romanists, 
the  government  banished  religious  instruction  from  the  schools,  and  in 
1876  abolished  the  theological  faculties  in  the  universities,  but  granted  funds 
to  the  National  Synod  for  special  theological  instruction.  When  rational- 
ists secured  these  professorships  the  orthodox  party  established  a  Free 
Reformed  University  at  Amsterdam  (1880).  The  same  party  has  estab- 
lished free  schools  all  over  Holland,  in  which  evangelical  religion  is  taught. 


'See  another  Introduction  in  third  edition  of  Manual,  1879,  pp.  ix-xiv.  The 
present  Introduction  is  a  revision  of  the  author's  Introduction  in  Vol.  viii, 
Am.  Ch.  Hist.  Series. 

-See  Baird's  "Eutaxia,"  especially  the  second  edition,  London,  1856;  with  notes 
by  Binney. 

3"Eutaxia,"  ed.  1856,  p.  15. 

"See  Dr.  Jas.  I.  Good's  "Origin  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  Germany,"  1887. 

"'This  Catechism  was  also  translated  from  the  original  German  into  Dutch 
in  1563,  a  fact  long  doubted.  A  copy  of  that  first  edition,  perhaps  the  only  one 
extant,  recently  found  in  the  library  of  Professor  Doedes,  was  secured  by  the 
author  while  in  Holland  in  1898,  and  is  now  deposited  in  the  library  of  the 
Collegiate  Church,  New  York  City. 

uThere  were  twenty-nine  of  these  Synods  held  in  France  during  just  a  cen- 
tury, 1559-1659.  See  "Synodicon  in  Gallia  Reformata"  or  Acts,  etc.,  of  the 
Reformed  churches  in  France.  Translated  into  English  by  Rev.  John  Quick, 
minister  of  the  Gospel  in  London,  4to.  pp.  596.  London,  1692.  This  contains 
also  the  Gallican  Confession,  Rules  of  Church  Government,  and  everything  of 
importance  pertaining  to  the  Reformed  Church  in  France.  It  is  the  Thesaurus 
of  the  early  French  Protestants.  In  the  Acts  of  Synod  of  1637  there  is  a  list 
of  647  ministers  and  churches.  See  also  Schaff's  "Creeds  of  Christendom"  for 
the  Gallican  Confession. 

TSee  Ullman's  "Reformers  Before  the  Reformation,"  and  Hansen's  "Re- 
formed Church  in  the  Netherlands." 

8A  copy  of  this  first  edition  of  the  Bible  in  Dutch,  1477,  was  secured  by  the 
author  while  in  Holland  in  1898,  and  is  now  in  the  library  of  the  Collegiate 
Church. 

9See  Hansen's  "Reformed  Church  in  the  Netherlands"  and  Van  Pelt's  "Church 
and  Her  Martyrs." 

10The  history  of  this  church  has  been  recently  published  under  the  title, 
"Register  of  the  Dutch  Church,  Austin  Friars,  London,  1571-1874."  There  are 
45  pages  of  Historical  Introduction,  and  then  a  list  of  Baptisms,  Marriages  and 
Burials;  with  copies  of  the  Monumental  Inscriptions  and  plates  of  the  Monu- 
ments. Indexed.  There  are  then  four  very  stout  volumes  styled  "Ecclesiee— 
Londino — Batava?  Archivum,"  or  "Archives  of  the  Dutch  Church  in  London," 
which  include  certain  Scientific  Papers  deposited  with  them,  and  three  volumes 
of  Correspondence,  relating  largely  to  Refugee  churches  in  England  and  other 
lands.     It  is  a  mine  of  material  hardly  yet  begun  to  be  worked. 

nSee  Holland's   Column,   in   Historical   Decorations    at   the   Pan-Presbyterian 


14  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

Council,  Philadelphia,  1880.  This  is  also  in  Centennial  Volume  of  New  Bruns- 
wick Seminary,  1884. 

"Weiss'  "History  of  French  Protestant  Refugees,"  Vol.  i,  236,  243-4;  ii,  10. 
Also  Burns'  "History  of  Foreign  Protestant  Refugees  in  England,"  1846. 

J3The  "Groot  Plakaet  Boek,"  in  eight  large  volumes,  with  a  thorough  "Regis- 
ter," or  Index,  contains  all  the  Edicts,  civil  and  ecclesiastical,  during  the  two 
centuries  of  the  Dutch  Republic's  existence.  The  Ecclesiastical  Edicts  include 
the  successive  revisions  of  Church  Polity  and  of  the  Doctrinal'Symbols.  These 
have  also  been  collected  and  printed  separately  in  four  volumes  called 
"Kerkelyke  Plakaet  Boek."  Copies  of  the  "Groot  Plakaet  Boek"  are  to  be 
found  in  the  State  Library  of  New  York,  the  Sage  Library  at  New  Brunswick, 
and  the  author  has  a  copy.  The  Collegiate  Church  of  New  York  has  a  com- 
plete copy  of  the  "Kerkelyke  Plakaet  Boek,"  and  the  Sage  Library  volumes  i 
and  ii. 

"See  Baird's  "Eutaxia,"  1855.  Second  edition,  1856,  pp.  15-44;  also  Demarest's 
"Liturgical  Features  of  Reformed  Church,"  in  "Centennial  Discourses,"  1876. 
Hansen's  "Reformed  Church  in  the  Netherlands,"  1884. 

,r'Baird  puts  this  less  strongly.     "Eutaxia,"  second  ed.,  1856,  pp.  19,  20. 

10"Eutaxia,"  pp.  19,  22,  34. 

17See  "Great  Edict  Book,"  referred  to  in  Note  13;  also  Hansen's  "Reformed 
Church  in  the  Netherlands." 

"Subsequently  the  term  was  limited  to  the  minister  and  elders,  but  in  Amer- 
ica it  has  always  also  included  the  deacons. 

18In  1875  the  "General  Catalogue  of  the  University  of  Leyden"  ("Album 
Studiosorum  Academiae  Lugduno  Batavae")  was  published,  containing  the 
names  and  other  facte  of  all  the  students  for  three  centuries.  Hague,  4to,  pp. 
1723.  By  Martin  Nijhoff.  A  copy  of  this  was  procured  by  the  author  in  1898, 
and  belongs  to  the  Collegiate  Church  of  New  York.  Also  the  "General  Cata- 
logue of  the  University  of  Utrecht"  ("Album  Studiosorum  Academias  Rheno- 
Trajectinae,"  1636-1886).  This  also  belongs  to  the  Collegiate  Church.  The 
author  also  owns  a  "General  Catalogue  of  the  University  of  Groningen,  pub- 
lished about  1826.  These  Catalogues  contain  hundreds  of  English  and  Scotch 
names,  as  well  as  almost  all  of  those  of  the  early  American  Dutch  ministers. 

20See  Thos.  Scott's  "Articles  of  the  Synod  of  Dort,"  1818;  republished  at 
Utica,  N.  Y.,  1831.     Also  an  edition  by  the  Presbyterian  Board,  1841. 

"Hansen's  "Reformed  Church  in  the  Netherlands,"  p.  171. 

-See  this  action  in  Dunshee's  "History  of  the  School  of  the  Collegiate  Church, 
New  York,"  ed.  of  1853,  pp.  10-14;  ed.  of  1883,  pp.  3-5. 

23See  also  Letter  of  Classis  of  Amsterdam  to  Gen.  Syn.  of  R.  C.  A.  in  1845, 
in  which  these  changes  are  briefly  referred  to.  The  Classis  speaks  of  "the 
clearer  and  more  evangelical  representation  of  the  doctrines  and  duties  of  our 
faith."  .  .  .  "Jesus  Christ  and  Him  crucified  and  glorified  remains  the  only 
basis  of  our  preaching."     Minutes  Gen.  Syn.,  1845,  pp.  519-522. 

"The  Classis  of  Amsterdam  never  missed  holding  its  sessions  during  all  these 
troubles,  and  their  Minutes  are  filled  with  material  relating  to  the  times.  See 
volumes  xvi,  xvii,  xviii. 

"A  complete  printed  set  of  the  Minutes  of  these  General  Synods  are  in  the 
^age  Library  at  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 


PART  FIRST 


GENERAL  HISTORY   OF  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH. 


FIRST    PERIOD. 

THE  CHURCH  UNDER  THE  WEST  INDIA  COMPANY. 


CHAPTER  I. 

TRANSPLANTING    THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    TO    AMERICA. 

The  Reformed  Church  in  America  is  the  oldest  body  of  Presbyterians 
on  the  Western  Hemisphere.  As  the  pioneer,  therefore,  of  those  doctrines 
and  forms  of  government  believed  to  be  the  most  in  harmony  with  Scripture 
and  the  American  Constitution,  she  occupies  a  unique  place  in  our  country's 
annals.  The  Reformed  Church  of  Holland  has  the  honor  of  having  first 
planted  Presbyterianism  upon  the  shores  of  the  New  World. 

Many  adherents  of  the  Reformed  faith,  led  by  various  causes,  early  emi- 
grated to  America.  Those  from  the  Continent,  while  retaining  the  general 
epithet  of  Reformed,  have,  on  account  of  the  different  nationalities  from 
which  they  sprung  and  out  of  love  to  their  fatherlands,  retained,  until  1867, 
patrial  adjectives  to  indicate  their  origin;  hence  the  Dutch  Reformed,  the 
French  Reformed  and  the  German  Reformed  churches.  But  these  old  na- 
tional distinctions  became  comparatively  meaningless  in  the  general  inter- 
mixture and  Americanization  of  all  the  Reformed  churches  in  this  country. 
Scattered  representatives  of  the  Swiss  Reformed,  also,  were  not  wanting. 
The  non-Episcopal  emigrants  from  Great  Britain  of  the  Reformed  faith 
have  generally  been  distinguished  by  names  derived  from  their  forms  of 
church  government,  to  indicate  their  opposition  to  Episcopacy,  as  Congre- 
gationalists  and  Presbyterians ;  but  these  and  the  Continental  branches  have 
freely  intermingled  as  location  or  other  circumstances  determined,  thus 
giving  a  practical  exhibition  of  the  unity  of  the  church.  The  French  Re- 
formed have  been  almost  completely  absorbed  by  other  denominations 
which  flourished  around  them.  The  German  Reformed,  mostly  from  the 
Palatinate,  at  first  placed  themselves  under  the  care  of  the  Classis  of  Am- 
sterdam. Indeed,  all  the  elements  of  the  Reformed  Churches  of  the  Con- 
tinent, wherever  located,   were,   for  a  longer  or  shorter  time,   under  the 

15 


l6  nil.    REFORMED    CHURCH     IX     AMERICA. 

ecclesiastical  care  of  that  renowned  Classis.  French  and  German  and 
Swiss,  as  well  as  Dutch,  from  all  parts  of  the  New  World — from  New 
Netherland,  Pennsylvania,  Maryland  and  Virginia;  from  the  West  Indies, 
Guiana  and  Brazil,  and  even  from  many  parts  of  the  Old  World  ;  from 
Guinea,  Cape  Colony,  Hindustan  and  Ceylon;  from  the  East  India  Islands, 
as  Borneo  and  Java;  from  Formosa  and  Japan — turned  to  Amsterdam  for 
men  and  money.1 

THE    REFORMED   CHURCH   COLONY  IN    NEW   NETHERLAND. 

The  Dutch  did  not  flee  to  America  from  oppression,  as  did  the  Puritans, 
for  Holland  was  at  that  time  the  open  asylum  for  the  oppressed  of  all  lands; 
but  they  came  hither  on  great  commercial  errands.  Their  small  fur  trade 
with  the  city  of  Archangel  suggested  the  possibility  of  a  vast  trade  of  a 
similar  kind  with  America.  It  was  soon  perceived  that  the  peltry  of  the 
New  World  could  be  made  a  business  immensely  profitable.  Hudson,  sail- 
ing under  the  auspices  of  the  Dutch  East  India  Company,  in  searching  for 
a  western  route  to  India,  discovered,  in  1609,  the  river  which  bears  his 
name.  Hendrick  Christiaensen  soon  made  ten  voyages  to  this  river  by- 
virtue  of  a  special  grant.  In  1614  the  country  between  Virginia  and  New 
France,  and  extending  on  the  sea  coast  from  the  fortieth  to  the  forty-fifth 
degree  of  latitude,  was  named  New  Netherland,  and  the  New  Netherland 
Company  was  chartered  to  trade  therewith.  A  few  armed  trading  posts 
were  at  once  established  along  the  Hudson  River.  These  efforts  and  other 
circumstances,  such  as  the  termination  of  the  twelve  years'  truce  with  Spain, 
resulted  in  the  organization  of  the  West  India  Company. 

For  twenty  years  already  the  Dutch  East  India  Company  had  been  trading 
in  the  Indian  Ocean  and  on  the  shores  of  the  Pacific.  By  its  daring  enter- 
prise and  success  it  built  up  a  Dutch  empire  in  Malaysia.  By  the  Hoods  of 
wealth  which  it  brought  back  to  Holland  it  excited  the  admiration  of  the 
world.  And  now  a  West  India  Company  was  chartered  (1621)  for  the 
development  of  traffic  with  America,  the  humbling  of  Spain,  the  conversion 
.  f  the  Indians  and  colonization  in  general.  The  company  had,  so  far  as 
the  Dutch  could  give  it,  the  monopoly  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean  on  all  its  un- 
civilized shores.  It  was  an  armed  commercial  corporation,  possessing  al- 
most unlimited  powers  to  colonize,  defend  and  govern  its  possessions.  It 
planted  colonies  not  only  in  New  Netherland,  but  in  Brazil  and  Guiana, 
South  America,  in  the  West  Indies  and  on  the  shores  of  Africa.  The  par- 
ticular care  of  New  Netherland  was  ultimately  committed  to  the  Amster- 
dam Chamber.  By  its  instrumentality  parts  of  our  Middle  States  were 
rapidly  settled  with  emigrants  from  Holland. 

Vmong  these  Dutch  were  many  Walloons,  as  they  are  called  in  English. 
["heir  original  name  was  Gallois,  because  they  bordered  on  France  and 
-poke  the  old  French;  but  the  Dutch  called  them  Waalsche,  which  was  cor- 
rupted  into  Walloons.  They  inhabited  the  southern  provinces  of  Belgium. 
rhese  did  not  join  in  the  Union  of  Utrecht  (1570)  because  most  of  the 
people  were  Roman  Catholics.  The  Protestants  of  these  provinces,  being 
persecuted,  tied  to   Holland,  and  these  are  the  Walloons  of  history.     They 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  17 

carried  with  them  many  useful  arts  and  enriched  their  adopted  country. 
They  were  allowed  to  retain  their  own  modes  of  worship.  The  English 
Virginia  Company  had  failed  to  offer  acceptable  terms  to  them  to  settle  in 
Virginia.  The  West  India  Company  was  more  fortunate,  and  Walloons 
were  among  the  first  emigrants  whom  the  company  brought  to  New  Nether- 
land.     Huguenots  also  early  began  to  choose  America  as  their  home. 

THE  CIVIL  GOVERNMENT  OF  THE  COLONY— MINUIT. 

New  Netherland  was  made  a  province  in  1623.  The  provincial  seal  was 
a  shield,  bearing  a  beaver,  proper,  surmounted  by  a  count's  coronet  and 
encircled  by  the  words  Sigillum  Novi  Belgii.  In  this  same  year  the  ship 
New  Netherland  brought  over  thirty  families,  and  permanent  settlements 
were  begun  under  the  care  of  Cornelis  Jacobsen  Mey.  Manhattan  Island 
was  at  once  taken  possession  of  in  the  name  of  the  company.  The  Director 
then  went  up  the  North  River,  where  about  eighteen  families  settled.  Alli- 
ances were  at  once  made  with  the  neighboring  Indians,  and  the  peltry  trade 
was  regularly  begun.  Mey  then  went  to  the  South  or  Delaware  River  and 
built  Fort  Nassau,  near  the  site  of  the  present  Gloucester.  Some  of  the 
Walloons  settled  at  Wallabout,  or  Walloons'  boght  or  cove.  More  emi- 
grants quickly  followed.  The  furs  sent  back  during  Mey's  brief  administra- 
tion of  a  single  year  amounted  to  28,000  guilders.  He  was  succeeded,  in 
1624,  by  William  Verhulst,  who  returned  to  Holland  in  1625.  There  is  no 
special  reference  to  religion  or  the  church  during  the  brief  terms  of  either 
of  these  two  Directors.  Yet  the  ships  of  Holland  of  that  day  were  probably 
never  without  a  chaplain. 

But  with  Peter  Minuit  civil  government  more  definitely  began.  He  was 
born  in  Wesel,  on  the  Rhine,  a  city  already  famous  as  an  asylum  for  the 
persecuted  in  Holland,  England  and  Scotland.  Besides  the  regular  German 
Reformed  Church  in  Wesel,  the  exiles  there  had  organized  large  and  influ- 
ential French  Reformed,  Dutch  Reformed  and  English  Presbyterian 
Churches.  This  city,  at  the  time  of  the  birth  of  Minuit,  was  already  famous 
for  its  religious  and  literary  activity.  It  was  here,  also,  that  the  persecuted 
of  Holland,  as  already  mentioned,  had  held  one  of  their  ex-territorial  Synods, 
in  1568,  at  which  they  had  formulated  their  Rules  of  Church  Government. 

It  was  in  such  a  center  of  intelligence  that  Minuit  was  born,  in  1580,  of 
Huguenot  parents.  In  time  he  became  a  ruling  elder  in  the  French  Re- 
formed Church  there,  while  his  brother-in-law,  Jan  Huyghens,  became  a 
deacon  in  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church  in  the  same  city.  In  1624,  when 
Wesel  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Spaniards,  Minuit  left  the  place.  He  was 
well  fitted  to  take  charge  of  a  colony  because  of  his  excellent  principles  and 
practical  tact.  He  combined  the-  qualities  of  a  Christian,  a  merchant  and 
a  pioneer.  It  was  such  a  man  who  was  to  lay  the  foundation  of  church 
and  state  in  New  Netherland.  He  was  commissioned  by  the  West  India 
Company  as  Director  of  New  Netherland,  Dec.  19,  1625,  and  he  arrived  in 
New  Amsterdam,  May  4,  1626.  He  carried  with  him  for  his  colony  seeds, 
plants,  animals  and  instruments  of  husbandry.  To  strengthen  the  com- 
pany's title  he  at  once  bought  the  island  of  Manhattan  of  the  redmen  for 


l8  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

$24.  He  always  dealt  honorably  with  the  Indians.  Business  began  to 
flourish.  He  opened  up  correspondence  with  Governor  Bradford,  of 
Plymouth,  and  proposed  commercial  reciprocity.  He  also  sent  Bradford  a 
present  of  sugar  and  of  Dutch  cheese.2 

THE  CHURCH  IN  THE  MILL-LOFT. 

With  Minuit's  advent  religious  services  were  actually  begun  in  New 
Amsterdam.  For  with  him  came  over  two  Krankenbesoeckers  or  Com- 
forters of  the  Sick.  These  were  Sebastian  Jansen  Krol  (or  Crol)  and  Jan 
Huyck.  The  place  of  a  clergyman  was  thus  partially  supplied.  Wassenaar, 
in  his  description  of  New  Netherland  for  the  year  1626,  makes  the  following 
allusion  to  this  beginning  of  religious  services:  "The  counting-house  there 
is  kept  in  a  stone  building,  thatched  with  reed ;  the  other  houses  are  made 
of  the  bark  of  trees.  Each  has  his  own  house.  The  Director  and  Koopman 
(merchant)  live  together.  There  are  thirty  ordinary  houses  on  the  east 
side  of  the  river,  which  runs  nearly  north  and  south.  The  Hon.  Peter 
Minuit  is  Director  there  at  present;  Jan  Lempo  is  schout  (sheriff);  Se- 
bastian Jansz  Crol  and  Jan  Huyck  are  Comforters  of  the  Sick.  These, 
while  awaiting  a  clergyman,  read  to  the  commonalty  there  on  Sundays 
texts  of  Scriptures  with  the  creeds.  Francoix  Molemaecker  is  busy  building 
a  horsemill,  over  which  shall  be  constructed  a  spacious  room,  sufficient  to 
accommodate  a  large  congregation.  Moreover,  a  tower  is  to  be  erected, 
where  the  bells  brought  from  Porto  Rico  will  be  hung."3 

COMFORTERS  OF  THE  SICK. 

While  it  was  one  of  the  special  duties  of  ministers  in  Holland  to  visit 
the  sick  and  give  them  the  consolations  of  religion,  yet  in  destitute  fields 
or  in  parishes  too  large  for  one  minister  to  attend  to,  Helpers  were  called 
to  their  assistance.  There  was  an  elaborate  Form  prepared  for  use  when 
the  sick  were  visited.  The  title  of  this  form  is  The  Consolation  of  the 
Sick;  or  Instruction  in  Faith  and  the  Way  of  Salvation;  to  Prepare  Be- 
lievers to  Die  Willingly.  It  was  printed  with  all  editions  of  the  liturgy,  in 
Holland;  and  in  the  first  two  editions  in  English,  in  America,  namely,  in 
those  of  1793  and  1815.  There  were  two  terms  used  to  describe  these 
Helpers,  namely,  Krankenbesoeckers  and  Ziekentroosters.  The  terms  were 
practically  synonymous ;  but  etymologically  considered,  the  former  meant  a 
seeker  out  and  visitor  of  the  sick  and  needy,  to  give  them  help  and  comfort, 
while  the  latter  more  strictly  meant  a  comforter  (troostcr,  trust-exciter) 
of  those  that  were  very  sick  and  nearing  their  end.  Hence  the  above  title 
to  this  Form,  the  line  of  thought  in  which  was  as  follows  ; 

Reference  was  first  made  to  man's  original  creation  in  righteousness,  the 
fall,  original  sin,  and  death  as  the  penalty  of  sin,  with  many  texts  of 
Scripture  bearing  on  these  things,  together  with  the  brevity  and  vanity  of 
life.  It  then  refers  to  the  Providence  of  God  which  determines  our  ways, 
our  weakness,  and  corruption,  and  consequent  exposure  to  the  Divine  wrath. 
The  love  of  God  to  the  world,  in  the  gift  of  Christ,  Who  is  the  Light  of 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  19 

the  World,  and  Who  has  made  atonement  for  our  sins,  is  then  emphasized. 
Many  beautiful  texts  of  Scripture  are  here  quoted  about  the  love  of  God 
and  the  person  and  work  of  Christ,  and  the  duty  of  exercising  faith  in 
Him  as  the  Saviour.  Christ's  intercession  for  penitent  sinners  is  then  al- 
luded to  and  his  willingness  to  save  all  classes  of  men.  The  peace  of  soul 
given  to  the  believer  in  Christ  is  next  brought  to  the  attention,  however 
great  may  have  been  one's  sins.  These  thoughts  are  all  supported  by  ap- 
propriate texts.  The  benefits  of  tribulation  are  not  forgotten,  and  the  cer- 
tainty of  the  believer's  victory.  The  necessity  of  regeneration  and  the 
fruits  of  the  Spirit  are  then  impressed  upon  the  mind,  with  the  resurrection 
of  the  body  and  the  life  everlasting.  It  concludes  with  such  passages  as 
"Come,  ye  blessed  of  my  Father,  inherit  the  kingdom  prepared  for  you;" 
and  "Blessed  are  they  whose  names  are  written  in  the  Book  of  Life!" 

While  many  agencies  are  now  devised  to  relieve  the  distressed  and  to 
comfort  the  dying,  it  is  an  interesting  circumstance  that  the  Dutch  Re- 
formed Church,  the  oldest  in  the  Empire  State,  had  such  a  unique  provision 
for  such  work  from  the  very  beginning. 

THE  FIRST  MINISTER. 

The  first  minister,  Rev.  Jonas  Michaelius,  came  to  New  Amsterdam  in 
the  spring  of  1628.  This  circumstance  was  for  a  long  period  entirely  for- 
gotten. In  1858  an  elaborate  letter  of  his  was  discovered,  referring  to  his 
arrival,  his  first  ministrations,  and  his  views  of  the  country  and  the  natives. 
It  was  in  this  same  year  that  some  of  the  most  brilliant  successes  of  the 
Dutch  over  the  Spaniards  took  place.  These  victories  vastly  enlarged  the 
fortunes  of  the  company  as  well  as  of  the  humble  settlers  on  Manhattan. 
The  fleets  of  the  company  swept  the  seas,  and  wrested  from  the  Spaniards 
the  rich  spoils  of  Mexico  and  Peru.  The  capture  of  the  Spanish  silver 
fleet,  near  Cuba,  carrying  one  hundred  and  forty  thousand  pounds  of  pure 
silver,  gave  the  company  twelve  million  of  guilders.  A  dividend  was  de- 
clared of  fifty  per  cent.  The  following  year  the  company  took  no  less  than 
one  hundred  and  four  prizes.  In  1630  Brazil  was,  a  second  time,  added  to 
their  possessions.  May  not  these  wonderful  successes  have  been  one  cause 
why  the  first  domine,  who  arrived  just  during  these  El  Dorado  scenes, 
was  entirely  forgotten  until  modern  research  resurrected  his  name? 

Many  of  the  first  settlers  brought  their  certificates  of  church  membership 
with  them,  and  others  now  made  a  first  profession  of  their  faith ;  for  Mich- 
aelius organized  a  church  in  April,  1628.  There  were  then  about  two  hun- 
dred and  seventy  souls  in  New  Amsterdam.  This  letter  of  Michaelius  is 
quite  elaborate  and  is  the  oldest  original  document  extant  relating  to  the 
State  of  New  York.  It,  therefore,  possesses  a  peculiar  interest.  It  has 
frequently  been  printed,*  and  need  not,  therefore,  be  given  here.  It  is 
dated  Aug.  11,  1268,  and  its  principal  points  are  as  follows: 

He  first  refers  to  the  lamentable  death  of  his  wife,  a  few  weeks  after  their 
arrival.  The  roughness  and  length  of  the  voyage  are  then  alluded  to,  it 
having  lasted  from  Jan.  24  to  April  7.  He  speaks  of  the  hearty  welcome 
given  him  by  the  people,  and  of  his  speedily  organizing  a  church.     He  at 


20  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

once  appointed  a  consistory  of  two  elders,  Peter  Minuit  and  Jan  Huyghens, 
and  one  deacon,  Sebastian  Krol.  He  says  that  the  consistory,  including 
himself,  consisted  of  four  members.  He  states  that  fifty  communicants 
were  present  at  the  first  celebration  of  the  Lord's  Supper,  and  that  many 
of  them  were  Walloons ;  and  that  he  addressed  these  in  French.  He  says 
that  they  were  to  celebrate  the  Lord's  Supper  once  in  four  months,  and  re- 
quests that  copies  of  the  minutes  of  the  Synod  of  North  Holland  should 
be  sent  to  him  each  year.  He  states  that  he  had  already  written  to  others 
concerning  the  natives  and  their  ideas  of  God,  and  that  Brother  Krol  had 
also  written  on  the  same  subject,  either  to  the  ministers  in  Amsterdam  or 
to  the  Directors  of  the  company.  He  refers  to  the  peculiar  difficulties  of 
the  language  of  the  Indians,  and  the  obstacles  to  their  conversion ;  but  sug- 
gests the  propriety  of  instructing  their  children  as  the  best  means  of  reach- 
ing the  native  population. 

Finally,  he  refers  to  the  duty  of  writing  to  the  ministers  at  Amsterdam, 
to  whom  had  recently  been  assigned  the  ecclesiastical  oversight  of  these 
regions,  and  promises  to  do  this  by  the  next  ships.  He  declares  that  a 
letter  to  him  would  be  very  welcome  in  his  loneliness. 

This  letter  was  a  private  letter  to  his  friend,  Rev.  Adrian  Smovtius,"  a 
minister  in  Amsterdam.  He  requested  him  to  make  known  its  contents  to 
the  other  ministers.  How  long  Michaelius  remained  in  New  Amsterdam  is 
unknown.8  From  several  allusions  in  the  letter,  he  did  not  seem  to  have 
any  expectation  of  speedily  returning  to  Holland.  The  peculiar  expression 
about  the  organization  of  the  church  has  been  misunderstood.  His  lan- 
guage is:  Wij  hebben  van  eersten  aen  een  forme  van  een  gemeente 
ucngestelt.  This  phrase,  een  forme  van  een  gemeente,  the  author  fre- 
quently met  with  in  the  ecclesiastical  Dutch  of  the  seventeenth  century 
with  the  meaning  of  a  church  organization.  The  whole  sentence,  therefore, 
simply  means  that  he  at  once  effected  a  regular  church  organization,  as  the 
facts  mentioned  in  the  letter  also  prove.  [Michaelius.]  Compare  Dix's 
Hist.  Trinity  Church,  vol.  i.,  p.  28,  "established  the  first  form  of  a  church.'' 

Mural  Tablets  were  erected  in  the  Middle  Dutch  Church,  Second  ave- 
nue and  Seventh  street,  New  York  City,  in  the  year  1900,  in  memory  of 
Peter  Minuit,  the  first  Governor  and  Elder;  Sebastian  Jansen  Krol  and 
Jan  Huyck,  the  Comforters  of  the  sick  (Krankenbezoekers);  and  the 
Rev.  Jonas  Michaelius,  the  first  Minister.  These  tablets  were  the  gift 
of  Mr.  William  L.  Brower,  a  member  of  the  Consistory  of  the  Colle- 
giate Church  of  New  York.     (See   accompanying  illustration.) 

RELATIONS  OF  THE  AMERICAN   CHURCH  TO   THE  CLASSIS 

OF  AMSTERDAM. 

The  origin  of  the  relations  of  the  American  ministers  and  churches  to  the 
Classis  of  Amsterdam  and  the  exact  date  of  the  beginning  of  such  relation- 
ships have  always  been  a  mystery  until  recent  investigations  (1897-8) 
cleared  up  the  difficulties.  It  was  in  1624  that  the  Synod  of  North  Holland 
took  its  first  general  action  as  to  the  government  of  churches  in  the  colonies, 
whether  east  or  west.     The  decision  reached  and  often  reiterated  was  that 


MURAL    TABLETS 

Erected   in  the    Middle  Dutch   Church, 

Second  Avenue  and  Seventh  Street,  New  York, 
A.    D.    I9OO. 

The  Gift  of  William  L.  Brower, 


PETER  MinuiT, 
First  Colonial  Governor  and  Elder. 


In    Memory    of 

Sebastian  Jansen  Kroi,, 

Jan  Huyck, 

The  Krankeubezoekers. 


The  Rev.  Jonas  Michaelius, 

First  Minister. 


* 


,    TO  THE  GLORY  OF  CiOD*l 

AND  IN  MEMORY  *. 

OF  •  ' 

PETER  MINUIT 

FJtST  NPJECK*  Cf«»»l  Of  WW  NETJIUUn*       •» 
AD    IUI 

urn  tut  finr  elder  of  twj  church? 

»  5  1«U 

an  intelligent  and  gorfuknc  ma«w 
i  with  meat  fxecuttyf  ablity  a*tj 
entirety  ikorwrtble  a  man  not*,    s 
sufrASSEeiwwisi  aomwimtaikwof 
AFf  aits  §r  any  of  rm  long  line  of  • 
STA.TT.SNEN  and  patriots  who  rot         ». 

THE  GREATER  PaPT  OF  THREE  CENT 
WES  HAVE  BEEN  THE  EXECUTIVES   ' 

OF  THE  EMPIRE  STATE  J 

"THE  GLORY  OF  CHILDREN  APE  THEH 

fathers  7  "thb  shall,  se  >»frrn» 

FOR  THE  GENERATION   TO  COME'       \ 
"TELL  YE  YOUR   CHILDREN    OF    IT, 
AND   LET    YOUR    CHILDREN    TELL 
THEIR  CHILDREN.  AND  THBl  CHILDREN       m 
ANOTHER    GENERATION''  ' 

ERECTED  A  B  1500 
•YASUCCESS0I1NKI5ECCLES1A5TICAL 
OfFKE  ,  IN  DEVOUT  RECOGNITION    ' 
OF  THE  TRUTH  THAT.  "A  GOOD 
NAME   IS  RATHER   TO  SE  CHOSEN  ^ 

THAN   GREAT    RICHES 


IN   MrMOBV  OF 

,tU  NRAHlENIF/oEKEXS 

SC  IMS  I  UN  JANSFN  KBOL  , 

AND 

JAN     HUY(  K 

"  OFFICERS  OF  TME  ESTABLISHED     . 
CHUSCH  OF    THE  KETHI  PLANUS 
VfHO    A  0     ».*.    CAME    HtTHHl 
IN  /JN4NCE  Of  THE   FIRST   MIN 
ISTER.    TO     PERFORM      THEIR       I 
VIC/ED  OFFICE  OF  FIIW>t!  ■"''       . 
TO  THE  PEOPU  AND  CONSOUNG 
TVF   SCK 

"THE  VOICE  OF  ONE  CRT1NG  IN  FHP-  NIL  * 
DERMIS 

KHOLR  THE  UNI  OF  COR  WWCK  ' 
TAIETH  AWAY  THE  JIN  OF  THt» 
»OH  D 

COMFORT    IF    CONTORT    TE    NT  : 
(  PEOPLE,; 
'   I  WAS   SICK  and  TE   visiter  MET 

CRATEFOUV  ERECTED    «Y  ONI.    I 
i      HIMSELF  ORRAJNW  TO  THE  OF- 
'      Fl*CE  OF  RELIEVING  THE  POOC 
"•OTONLYWirH  FXTHNAI   an\    1 
RUT  WITH  COMFORTaIU    WORDS 
Of- SCRIPTURE  a  0  DOO  .  . 


TO  THE  GLORY  OF  COD 

AMD  IN  MEMORY  OF 

THE  WtttHD 

JOHAS  MICHAELIUS 


WHO.  AJ).  II>U.  ORUNUI.D  IN  Nl  W- 
AMSTFJIDAMTHlSaiUBCSI.WHBI'FULL   , 
FIFTY  COMMUNICAIITS  RECEIVED  THE  LSt» 
SUPPER-  KOIWTTHWT  JOYANt  COMFORT    ' 
TO  MANY. 

FRDMTRIS  SFOINNIKCOFTVIFGOSPaOF 
JESUS  CHfUT  THE  SDMOFGMI.'TKIJtBMlCH 
HAS     CONTntllED  STEADFASTLY INTHI 
APOSTUJ  DOCTRINE  AN»FEU0W5HIP,»#IB  , 
IN  HBEAICINOOF  SHE  AOAND  IN  PRAYERS." 

♦  ♦     ♦ 

"mid  tckl  and  t8ibulat10n. 
and  toml'it  of  her  war. 
she  watts  the  consignation 
♦  of  peace  for  evermore.* 
TILL  WTTH  THE  vision 

CLOKIOUS 
HER  LONGING  EYES  ARE  BUST, 
AND     THE     GREAT     CHURCH 

VICTORIOUS. 
SHAU  BE  THE  CHURCH  AT  REST." 

♦  ♦    ♦ 


These  Tablets  are  pure  English  Golhic  in  design.  The  relief  work  is  composition 
finished  to  an  old  ivory  tone,  and  decorated  in  colors  and  gold.  The  Tablets  are 
glass  mosaic,  having  a  back-ground  of  an  unglazed  creamy  white  glass,  and  the 
letters  in  gold  mosaic.  Each  one  of  the  Tablets  is  crowned  by  a  monogrammatic 
form  of  the  Sacred  Name  of  Jesus,  except  the  Tablet  in  memory  of  Miiiuit  which  has 
the  cross— the  symbol  of  salvation.  All  of  these  forms  are  taken  from  the  graves  of 
the  early  Christian  martyrs  in  the  Catacombs  at  Rome,  between  the  second  and 
third  centuries. 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  21 

any  Classis  within  whose  bounds  the  great  commercial  companies  had  their 
chambers  or  offices    might  take  charge  of  all  ecclesiastical  interests  in  the 
colonies  under  the  care  of  said  office,7  or  Kamer.     This  action,  however, 
was  never  satisfactory  to  the  inland  Classes.     It  was  claimed  that  all  the 
Classes  had  an  equal  interest  in  the  colonial  churches  and  ought  to  share  in 
the  oversight  of  the  same,  but  their  protests  and  arguments  were  ineffectual. 
Hence  it  was  that  at  first  the  Classes  of  Hoorn  and  Enkhuysen  sent  min- 
isters to  the  colonies.     It  was  the  Classis  of  Enkhuysen  which  sent  Domine 
Michaelius  to  Brazil  in  1624  and  to  New  Amsterdam  in  1627,  where  he  ar- 
rived in  1628.     But  the  business  of  the  West  India  Company  drifted  more 
and  more  from  these  more  northern  ports    to  Amsterdam,  and  hence  that 
Classis  came  to  be  the  chief  manager,   without  any  specific  appointment 
thereto,  of  all  Church  affairs  in  America.     This  occurred  about  1628.     In 
that  year  the  Synod  directed  that  all  who  thereafter  should  be  sent  as  min- 
isters or  schoolmasters  to  the  East  or  West  Indies,  by  any  Classis,  must 
have  special  calls,  after  the  examples  of  the  Classes  of  Amsterdam  and 
Enkhuysen.     In  1629  this  action  was  made  to  include  also  Comforters  of 
the  Sick,  of  whom  large  numbers  were  sent  abroad,  both  to  the  East  and 
the  West.     The  companies  were  also  requested  to  make  special  contracts 
with  all  those  whom  any  of  the  Classes  sent  to  the  colonies. 

It  was  because  of  these  circumstances  that  most  of  the  ministers  sent  to 
New  Netherland  came  under  the  auspices  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam. 
With  its  committee,  styled  Deputati  ad  Res  Exteras,  a  continuous  corre- 
spondence was  maintained  down  to  the  American  Revolution.     This  cor- 
respondence, together  with  the  acts  of  this  Classis  and  of  the  Synod  of 
North  Holland  so  far  as  they  relate  to  America,  has  now  been  fully  recov- 
ered, and  is  awaiting  publication  by  the  State  of  New  York.     In  accordance 
with  its  responsibilities,  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  in  1636  drew  up  special 
forms  of  call  and  letters  of  instruction  for  all  ministers,  schoolmasters,  and 
comforters  of  the  sick  going  to  any  of  the  colonies.     It  also  made  arrange- 
ments for  their  special  examinations  and  recommendations  to  the  companies, 
for  correspondence  with  them,  and  for  the  transcript  from  the  regular  vol- 
umes of  minutes  of  the  Classis  of  all  colonial  church  business  in  special  sets 
of  volumes,  as  a  matter  of  convenience  to  the  Deputies  on  Foreign  Affairs.8 
Special  calls  were  also  now  prepared  for  chaplains  going  with  representa- 
tives to  foreign  courts,  for  chaplains  on  men-of-war,  as  well  as  for  ministers 
going  to  Archangel,  Moscow,  Smyrna  and  other  places,  where  the  Dutch 
had  special  concessions  as  to  business.     Under  such  circumstances  a  Dutch 
Reformed  Church,   with  a  regular  consistory,   was  actually  organized  in 
Constantinople.     In  1636  Count  John  Maurice,  appointed  as  Governor  of 
Brazil,  asked  that  a  minister  might  accompany  him  thither.     Rev.  Theodore 
J.  Polheim  (Polhemus)  was  appointed,  the  same  one  who  in  1654  settled  on 
Long   Island.     Ultimately   two    Classes   and   a    Synod   were   organized  in 
Brazil,  the  proceedings  of  which  have  been  published. 

On  Aug.  2,  1638,  the  Classis  adopted  a  seal  by  the  following  minute: 
"The  brethren  deputed  to  devise  a  classical  seal  submitted  to  the  assembly 
some  designs  drawn  by  them  on  paper.     The  one  which  was  adopted  by  a 
majority  of  votes  contained  the  words — 


22 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 


VERITAS  ET  PAX, 

with  an  open  Bible  and  an  olive  branch  lying  upon  it  and  sprouting  up  out 
of  it." — Minutes  of  Classis,  volume  iv.,  page  132. 


RELATION  OF  THE  AMERICAN  CHURCH  TO  THE  WEST  INDIA 

COMPANY. 

The  relation  of  the  ministers  and  churches  to  the  companies  was  some- 
what peculiar.  The  companies  were  the  rulers  of  the  colonies,  and  held 
substantially  the  same  relation  to  the  church  in  said  colonies  as  the  state 
held  to  the  church  in  the  nations  of  Europe  generally.  Even  calls  upon 
ministers  were  not  valid  until  approved  by  the  company,  which  was  to  pay 
ministers  120  florins  per  month.  The  company  was  also  to  pay  school- 
masters and  Comforters  of  the  Sick. 

But  New   Netherland   did   not  flourish  as  had  been  hoped.     To  induce 


larger  emigration,  therefore,  in  1628  the  company  determined  to  subin- 
feudate  certain  colonies  or  manors.  The  Spanish  wars  were  engaging  the 
attention  of  the  company  so  completely,  and  New  Netherland  was  begin- 
ning to  be  so  expensive,  that  it  was  thought  this  change  of  policy  would 
settle  the  country  more  rapidly  and  open  up  its  resources.  The  peltry  was 
at  this  time  worth  only  about  fifty  thousand  guilders  per  annum.  The 
members  of  the  company  to  whom  these  privileges  were  first  offered  being 
merchants  were  not  generally  landed  proprietors  at  home.  A  Charter  of 
Freedoms  and  Exemptions  was  accordingly  passed  in  1629.  By  this  any 
member  of  the  company  who  planted  a  colony  of  fifty  adults  in  any  part  of 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA.  23 

New  Netherland  except  the  island  of  Manhattan  should  be  a  patroon  or 
feudal  chief  of  such  territory.  His  land  might  extend  sixteen  miles  along 
any  navigable  river,  or  eight  miles  on  each  side  if  both  banks  were  occupied, 
and  as  far  back  into  the  country  as  he  pleased.  In  1640  these  privileges 
were  extended  to  any  inhabitant  of  New  Netherland  who  would  plant  such 
a  colony.  It  was  required  that  each  patroon  and  his  colonists  should  sup- 
port a  minister  and  schoolmaster,  and  until  this  could  be  accomplished 
should  provide  themselves  with  a  Comforter  of  the  Sick.  Many  large  tracts 
of  land  were  at  once  appropriated  by  members  of  the  company.  The  best 
known  of  these  is  that  of  Van  Rensselaer  at  Albany.  But  the  scheme  was 
that  of  a  selfish  corporation,  and  in  the  end  did  not  work  well.  These 
Dutch  patroonships  must  not  be  confounded  with  the  later  English  manors, 
which  were  granted  on  certain  conditions  to  any  one  who  sought  them  and 
could  pay  the  fees. 


MINISTRY  OF  BOGARDUS. 

Governor  Van  Twiller  arrived  in  the  spring  of  1633.  A  Spanish  caravel 
was  captured  on  the  way  and  brought  safely  into  port.  Rev.  Everardus 
Bogardus,  the  second  clergyman,  and  Adam  Roelandsen,  the  first  school- 
master, were  also  on  board. 

The  loft  over  the  horse-mill,  in  which  the  people  had  worshiped  since 
1626,  was  now  replaced  by  a  plain  wooden  building  "like  a  barn,"  near  the 
East  River,  at  what  is  now  100  Broad  street,  between  Pearl  and  Bridge 
Streets.  Near  this  church  were  erected  a  dwelling  house  and  stable  for 
the  "domine."  This  word,  the  vocative  of  the  Latin  dominus,  was,  during 
the  Middle  Ages,  the  usual  title  by  which  learned  men  were  addressed.  It 
has  been  retained  in  Great  Britain  as  a  designation  of  teachers  of  the 
classical  languages.  In  the  Netherland  churches,  which  especially  insisted 
on  a  learned  ministry,  it  became  the  title  of  clergymen.  As  such  it  crossed 
the  Atlantic,  and  is  still  used  as  an  honorable  and  affectionate  term  of 
address  to  ministers  of  the  Reformed  Church,  and  has  also  passed  into  use 
in  some  other  denominations. 

Domine  Bogardus  in  1638  married,  for  his  second  wife,  Anneke  Jans. 
Her  first  husband,  Roelof  Jansen,  obtained  from  Director  Van  Twiller  in 
1636  a  grant  of  sixty-two  acres  of  land  west  of  Broadway  and  north  of  the 
present  Warren  Street.  This  was  the  original  conveyance  of  the  valuable 
Trinity  Church  property,  and  was  known  as  the  domine's  bouwerie  or  farm. 

On  July  19,  1640,  the  Reformed  Church  was  still  more  formally  estab- 
lished, as  appears  from  the  following: 

"And  no  other  religion  shall  be  publicly  admitted  in  New  Netherland 
except  the  Reformed,  as  it  is  at  present  preached  and  practised  by  public 
authority  in  the  United  Netherlands ;  and  for  this  purpose  the  company  shall 
provide  and  maintain  good  and  suitable  preachers,  schoolmasters,  and 
Comforters  of  the  Sick."* 

The  ministry  of  Bogardus  was  a  stormy  one,  largely  owing  to  the  bad 
characters  of  Governors  Van  Twiller  (1633-37)  and  Kieft  (1637-47),  and 


24  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

to  the  difficulties  which  the  domine  had  with  Van  Dincklagen,  who  was 
ultimately  suspended  from  the  church.  In  the  acts  of  the  Deputies  on 
Foreign  Affairs  we  find  the  following: 

"1641,  Nov.  19,  a  communication  with  some  accompanying  documents 
was  read,  which  had  been  sent  to  the  Classis  by  the  elders  and  deacons  in 
New  Netherland.  Therein  they  report  and  justify  the  procedure  of  the 
church  against  Lubbert  van  Dincklagen,  the  treasurer  (of  the  colony). 
They  send  to  the  Classis  two  commendatory  testimonials  concerning  the 
pastor,  one  from  the  consistory,  and  another  from  the  Director.  They  de- 
sire and  request  that  the  good  correspondence  be  maintained  with  them 
more  promptly  than  had  been  the  case  for  a  long  time  past.  They  report 
the  good  condition  and  daily  increase  of  their  congregation.  The  Ameri- 
cans (the  Indians)  come  not  yet  to  the  right  knowledge  of  God;  but  the 
negroes  living  amongst  the  colonists  come  nearer  thereto,  and  give  better 
hope.  They  request  earnestly  and  perseveringly  that  the  Rev.  Classis 
would  take  their  case  to  heart  and  support  them  in  their  action  against 
Lubbert  van  Dincklagen,  in  order  to  maintain  the  honor  of  their  worthy 
pastor,  Rev.  Edward  Bogard."10 


THE  CHURCH  IN  THE  FORT. 

The  necessity  of  a  more  suitable  church  building  in  Manhattan  was 
already  under  discussion.  Director  Kieft  was  anxious  to  leave  behind  him 
some  worthy  memorial.  He  was  still  further  stimulated  in  this  matter 
when  he  understood  that  Patroon  van  Rensselaer  was  about  to  call  a  min- 
ister for  his  manor  and  erect  a  church  thereon.  The  matter  was  finally 
brought  to  a  head  by  Captain  de  Vries.  Dining  with  the  Director  one  day, 
he  said  it  was  a  shame  that  English  visitors  should  only  see  such  a  barnlike 
looking  building  for  a  church.  In  New  England  a  fine  church  was  built  as 
soon  as  they  had  provided  houses  for  themselves.  The  church  masters  ap- 
proved of  Kieft's  object,  but  money  was  wanting.  Advantage  was  taken  of 
the  wedding  of  Domine  Bogardus's  daughter  to  procure  the  necessary 
means.  Kieft  promised  a  thousand  guilders  from  the  company.  When  the 
guests  were  becoming  somewhat  hilarious,  De  Vries  subscribed  a  hundred 
guilders  and  asked  the  guests  to  follow  his  example.  With  light  heads  they 
subscribed  handsomely.  Some  of  them  felt  like  repenting  of  it  afterward, 
but  they  were  held  to  their  subscriptions.  Against  the  opinion  of  every- 
body the  Director  determined  to  locate  the  church  in  the  fort,  and  this  was 
done,  partly  for  security  against  the  Indians,  as  it  was  said.  The  church 
cost  twenty-five  hundred  guilders.  An  ambiguous  inscription  was  placed  in 
the  front  wall :  "Anno  1642.  Willem  Kieft,  Directeur  Generael,  heeft 
de  gemeente  desen  temple  doen  bouwen" — In  the  year  1642  William  Kieft, 
the  Director-General,  the  congregation  caused  to  build  this  temple.'1  This 
stone  was  found  in  1790,  when  the  fort  was  demolished.  It  was  taken  to 
the  belfry  of  the  Garden  Street  Church  and  was  destroyed  in  the  great  fire 
of  18.35. 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 


25 


MINISTRY   OF   MEGAPOLENSIS   AT   RENSSELAERWYCK. 

Patroon    van    Rensselaer    was    already    negotiating    in    Holland    for 
a     minister.     Megapolensis     was     suggested     by     John     Backerus,     then 


preparing  for  the  ministry,  and  arrangements  were  soon  made  with  the 
Classis  and  with  the  minister.  Van  Rensselaer  agreed  to  convey 
him  and  his  family  free  to  Rensselaerwyck,  provide  him  with  a  residence, 


26  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 

and  guarantee  him  a  salary  of  a  thousand  guilders  per  year  for  six  years, 
and  two  hundred  guilders  in  addition  for  the  three  following  years  if  satis- 
fied with  his  services.  The  patroon  objected  to  the  company  approving 
this  call  as  a  curtailment  of  his  feudal  rights,  but  at  last  he  consented,  with 
the  understanding  that  his  rights  should  be  unprejudiced  thereby.  A  num- 
ber of  emigrants  came  over  with  the  domine.  A  church  was  built  the  fol- 
lowing year. 

The  new  domine  soon  made  his  influence  felt  in  restraining  the  immorali- 
ties of  frontier  life.  He  was  instrumental  in  saving  the  life  of  Father 
Jogues  (1643),  a  Jesuit  missionary,  from  the  extremity  of  torture  and 
probable  death  at  the  hands  of  the  Mohawk  Indians.  The  priest  had  been 
captured  while  ascending  the  St.  Lawrence.  The  Dutch  sought  to  ransom 
him,  but  were  refused.  At  first  the  Indians  despised  his  zeal,  but  after  some 
months  began  to  listen  to  his  teachings,  and  some  of  them  were  baptized. 
They  took  him  with  them  to  Fort  Orange.  While  there  a  report  was  re- 
ceived that  the  French  had  defeated  the  Mohawks.  The  Dutch  commander 
now  advised  the  missionary  not  to  risk  their  vengeance  by  returning,  but  to 
effect  his  escape.  He  remained  in  close  concealment  for  six  weeks.  Dom- 
ine Megapolensis  was  his  constant  friend,  and  saw  him  safely  embarked 
for  New  Amsterdam,  whence  he  proceeded  to  Europe.  He  subsequently 
returned  to  Canada  and  visited  the  Mohawks,  by  whom  he  was  put  to  death 
(1646).  Similar  kindness  was  shown  by  the  Dutch  to  Fathers  Bressani 
(1644)  and  Poncet  (1653). 

Megapolensis  wrote  a  valuable  tract  on  the  Mohawk  Indians  in  1644, 
which  he  sent  to  Holland,  and  which  was  printed  at  Alkmaar  in  1651.  but 
without  his  consent.  He  first  describes  the  land  in  general,  comparing  it 
to  Germany.  Then  he  tells  of  the  variety  of  trees,  berries,  vines,  and  grapes, 
and  speaks  of  the  possibility  of  making  good  wine.  He  also  tells  of  the 
great  abundance  of  deer,  turkeys,  partridges,  heath-hens ;  of  the  immense 
flocks  of  pigeons,  swans,  geese,  ducks ;  he  tells  of  elks,  lions,  bears,  wolves, 
foxes,  and  many  large  snakes,  particularly  referring  to  rattlesnakes,  which 
he  carefully  describes.  He  then  speaks  of  the  soils,  and  especially  of  the 
value  of  the  clay  soils.  He  also  describes  the  beautiful  rivers  and  waterfalls, 
and  tells  of  the  vast  quantities  of  fish.  He  refers  to  the  extreme  heat  of  the 
summers  and  the  severe  cold  of  the  winters.  He  estimates  that  the  differ- 
ence in  time  between  Fort  Orange  and  Holland  is  about  four  hours. 

In  speaking  of  the  Indians,  he  says  there  are  two  nations  of  them — the 
Mohawks  and  the  Mohegans — having  different  languages.  Both  nations 
are  very  friendly  with  the  Dutch.  The  language  of  the  Mohawks  he  de- 
scribes as  very  heavy,  so  that  he  experienced  great  difficulty  in  learning  it 
in  order  to  speak  and  preach  in  it  fluently.  The  traders  know  only  enough 
of  it  for  business.  He  was  making  a  vocabulary  of  Mohawk  words.  It 
had  its  declensions  and  conjunctions,  and  even  augments  like  the  Greek. 
But  when  he  asked  the  Indians  for  particular  words  one  would  give  him  a 
word  in  the  infinitive  mood,  another  in  the  indicative ;  one  in  the  present 
tense,  and  another  in  the  past  tense ;  one  in  the  first  person,  another  in  the 
second ;  so  that  it  was  quite  bewildering. 

These  Indians  were  about  of  the  same  stature  as  the  Dutch.     Some  had 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  27 

good  features,  and  their  bodies  and  limbs  were  well  proportioned.  The 
children  go  naked  until  twelve  or  fourteen  years  of  age,  and  in  summer  all 
go  almost  naked.  In  winter  they  have  undressed  skins  about  them.  Now 
they  buy  some  of  our  duffels  and  hang  it  loose  about  them  and  think  it 
very  fine.  They  make  stockings  and  shoes  of  deer  skin  or  of  corn  leaves 
plaited  together.     They  dress  their  hair  in  various  queer  styles. 

They  paint  their  faces  red,  blue,  etc.,  and  look  like  the  very  devil.  They 
smear  their  heads  with  bears'  grease  to  make  their  hair  grow  and  to  keep 
away  lice.  They  carry  a  kettle  with  them,  a  wooden  bowl  and  spoon,  with 
some  maize,  and  cook  a  meal  whenever  they  are  hungry.  They  kindle  a 
fire  by  rubbing  two  pieces  of  wood  very  rapidly  together.  Marriage  is  un- 
known. New-born  children  are  washed  in  the  river  or  in  the  snow,  and 
their  mothers  never  stop  their  work.  The  women  do  all  the  work;  the 
men  do  nothing  except  to  hunt,  fish,  and  fight.  They  torture  their  enemies 
when  taken,  and  make  them  dance  and  sing.  They  then  roast  them  and  eat 
them. 

The  Mohawks  make  many  captives  of  the  Indians  of  Canada,  and  some- 
times there  are  Frenchmen  among  them.  Last  year  they  brought  in  three 
Frenchmen,  one  of  whom  was  a  Jesuit,  whom  they  had  tortured,  but  whom 
we  delivered  and  sent  off  to  France.  In  war  they  spare  all  the  children 
and  the  women  unless  they  are  old.  Yet  they  are  very  friendly  to  us.  We 
go  with  them  in  the  woods,  and  they  often  sleep  in  our  houses,  and  we  are 
not  at  all  afraid  of  them.  I  have  had  eight  at  once  sleep  on  the  floor  of  my 
house,  near  my  bed.  They  go  to  bed  early  and  rise  very  early.  They  are 
very  dirty,  for  they  never  wash.  They  beat  their  Indian  corn  between  two 
stones,  of  which  they  make  a  little  cake  and  bake  it  in  the  ashes.  For  meat 
they  eat  venison,  turkeys,  hares,  bears,  wildcats,  and  their  own  dogs,  as 
well  as  fish.  They  never  clean  any  animals  before  eating  and  the  cooking 
is  very  slight.  They  have  no  beards.  They  have  a  great  opinion  of 
themselves,  and  call  themselves  "cunning  devils."  Their  huts  are 
made  of  bark  and  are  close  and  warm.  They  kindle  a  fire  in  the  middle 
of  them.  They  also  make  canoes  of  bark,  and  hollow  out  trees  for  boats, 
which  will  carry  twelve  or  fourteen  people.  I  have  sailed  in  such  a  boat 
with  them.  We  have  one  of  their  wooden  canoes  which  will  carry  one 
hundred  and  fifty  bushels  of  wheat.  Their  bows  and  arrows  are  now  par- 
tially replaced  by  our  guns,  swords,  axes,  etc.  Their  money  is  made  of  the 
shells  of  cockles  found  on  the  sea  beach,  which  they  string  together  and 
hang  about  them.  They  have  no  idea  of  our  money.  They  place  their  dead 
upright  in  holes.  In  the  spring  they  catch  quantities  of  shad  and  eels 
which  they  dry  in  the  sun  and  keep  till  winter.  They  put  the  ears  of  Indian 
corn  in  deep  pits  and  preserve  them  for  winter.  Ten  or  twelve  men  will 
make  a  net  and  own  it  and  use  it  together. 

They  are  entire  strangers  to  all  religion,  but  they  have  a  sort  of  Genius 
for  a  god,  but  they  do  not  serve  him  or  present  any  offerings  to  him;  but 
they  present  offerings  to  the  Devil.  If  they  are  sick  or  have  pain  they  say 
the  Devil  is  biting  them.  They  attribute  all  accidents  to  the  Devil.  They 
have  no  other  religion.  When  we  pray  they  laugh  at  us;  but  some  are 
astonished  when  they  understand  what  we  have  been  doing.     Ten  or  twelve 


28  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 

attend  our  church  services,  having  long  tobacco  pipes  in  their  mouth.  They 
afterward  asked  me  what  I  wanted,  that  I  stood  and  talked  so  much,  and 
none  of  the  rest  said  a  word.  I  told  them  that  I  admonished  the  Christians 
not  to  do  any  wrong;  not  to  steal,  or  drink,  or  commit  adultery,  or  murder, 
and  then  I  said  that  they  also  ought  not  to  do  such  things.  I  also  told  them 
that  when  I  understood  their  language  better  I  would  come  to  their  country 
and  teach  them.  They  only  replied — Why  do  Christians  do  such  things? 
They  call  us  cloth-makers  and  iron-workers,  because  we  first  brought  cloth 
and  iron  to  them. 

The  government  among  them  consists  of  the  oldest,  the  most  sensible, 
the  best-speaking  and  most  warlike  men.  The  younger  generally  obey  what 
these  direct.  But  if  their  advice  is  not  approved  it  is  left  to  the  determina- 
tion of  the  mob.  Captives  taken  in  war  are  often  presented  to  families  who 
have  lost  some  of  their  number  in  the  war.  These  adopt  the  captives  in 
place  of  the  deceased.  There  is  no  prescribed  punishment  for  any  crime. 
The  friends  are  the  avengers.  They  seldom  kill  except  when  overcome  by 
passion.     Therefore,  we  mingle  with  them  freely  without  fear. 

Such  is  the  substance  of  the  lengthy  tract  of  Megapolensis  on  the  Mo- 
hawks.12 Not  a  few  of  these  Indians  subsequently  joined  his  church. 
Megapolensis  was,  indeed,  the  first  Protestant  missionary  to  the  Indians, 
preceding  in  his  labors  John  Eliot  in  New  England  by  several  years. 

FATHER  JOGUES'S  DESCRIPTION  OF  NEW  NETHERLAND. 

We  have  an  interesting  description  of  New  Netherland13  in  1644  from 
the  hand  of  Father  Jogues,  above  alluded  to.  He  was  the  first  Catholic 
priest  who  ever  visited  New  York.     While  at  Fort  Orange  and  New  Am- 

1  dam  he  was  a  close  observer.  After  a  brief  account  of  the  country  he 
alludes  to  the  fort  at  Manhattan,  in  which,  he  says,  "stood  a  pretty  large 
church,  built  of  stone,  the  house  of  the  governor,  whom  they  call  Director- 
General,  quite  neatly  built  of  brick,  the  storehouses,  and  barracks."  He 
continues:  "On  this  island  of  Manhate,  and  in  its  environs,  there  may  well 
be  four  or  five  hundred  men  of  different  sects  and  nations.  The  Director- 
General  told  me  that  there  were  persons  there  of  eighteen  different  lan- 
guages. They  are  scattered  here  and  there  on  the  river,  above  and  below, 
as  the  beauty  and  convenience  of  the  spot  invited  each  to  settle.  Some 
mechanics,  however,  who  ply  their  trades  are  ranged  under  the  fort.  All 
the  others  were  exposed  to  the  incursions  of  the  natives,  who.  in  the  year 
1643,  while  I  was  there,  actually  killed  some  twoscore  Hollanders  and  burnt 
many  houses  and  barns  full  of  wheat.  ...  No  religion  is  publicly  exer- 
cised hut  the  Calvinist,  and  orders  are  to  admit  none  but  Calvinists.  But 
this  is  not  observed,  for  there  are,  besides  Calvinists,  in  the  colony,  Cath- 
olics, English  Puritans,  Lutherans,  Anabaptists — here  called  Mennonists — 
etc.     .     .     . 

"When  any  one  comes  to  settle  in  the  country  they  lend  him  horses, 
cows,  etc.;  they  give  him  provisions,  all  which  he  repays  as  soon  as  he  is 
at  ease;  and  as  to  the  land,  he  pays  in  to  the  West  India  Company,  after 
ten  years,  the  tenth  of  the  produce  which  he  reaps.  .  .  .  The  English 
come  very  near  to  them,  preferring  to  hold  lands  under  the  Dutch,  who  ask 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  20, 

nothing  from  them,  rather  than  to  be  dependent  on  English  lords,  who  exact 
rents  and  would  fain  be  absolute.  On  the  South  River  there  is  also  a  Dutch 
settlement,  but  the  Swedes  have  at  its  mouth  another,  extremely  well  pro- 
vided with  men  and  cannon.  .  .  .  There  is  already  some  little  com- 
merce with  Virginia  and  New  England.     .     .     . 

"Deer  hunting  is  abundant.  There  are  some  houses  here  built  of  stone. 
They  make  lime  of  oyster  shells,  great  heaps  of  which  are  found  here,  made 
formerly  by  the  savages,  who  subsisted  in  part  by  this  fishery."  After  re- 
ferring to  the  climate  and  fruits  and  the  beautiful  river,  he  briefly  describes 
Rensselaerwyck,  or  Albany.  There  is  "a  wretched  little  fort  called  Fort 
Orange,  built  of  logs,  with  four  or  five  pieces  of  cannon.  .  .  . 
This  is  maintained  by  the  West  India  Company.  There  is  a 
colony  sent  here  by  this  Rensselaer,  who  is  the  patroon.  This  colony  is 
composed  of  about  a  hundred  persons,  who  reside  in  some  twenty-five  or 
thirty  houses,  built  along  the  river.  In  the  principal  house  resides  the 
patroon's  agent;  the  minister  has  his  apart,  in  which  service  is  performed. 
.  .  .  Some  (Indian)  nations  near  the  sea  having  murdered  some  Hol- 
landers of  distant  settlements,  the  Hollanders  killed  a  hundred  and  fifty 
Indians.  .  .  .  As  a  result  of  these  troubles,  troops  from  New  England 
assisting,  finally  about  sixteen  hundred  Indians  were  slain." 

During  the  ministry  of  Domine  Bogardus  the  West  India  Company 
reached  and  passed  the  height  of  its  prosperity.  With  its  waning  fortunes 
its  dissolution  or  reorganization  became  inevitable.  It  was  in  1644  that  the 
second  term  of  twenty-one  years  (1602-1644)  of  the  East  India  Company 
expired.  The  first  term  of  twenty-four  years  (1621-1645)  of  the  West 
India  Company  was  now  about  to  expire.  The  latter  company,  conscious 
of  failing  fortune,  now  offered  to  transfer  all  its  colonies  and  other  property 
to  the  East  India  Company,  but  as  its  assets  were  five  million  florins 
($2,000,000)  less  than  its  liabilties,  the  East  India  Company  declined  the 
offer.  The  charter  of  the  West  India  Company  was  extended,  but  circum- 
stances were  not  favorable  to  the  best  development  of  New  Netherlands 

ENGLISH  SETTLERS  IN  NEW  NETHERLAND. 

But  now  accessions  began  to  come  to  New  Netherland  from  New  Eng- 
land, where  intolerance  had  begun  to  develop.  In  1641  a  considerable 
number  of  respectable  Englishmen,  with  their  clergymen,  requested  permis- 
sion to  settle  under  the  Dutch  domain.  An  ordinance  was  passed  giving 
them  certain  freedoms  and  privileges,  among  which  was  the  free  exercise 
of  their  religion.  This  clergyman  was  Rev.  Francis  Doughty.  This  party 
settled  at  Newtown.  He  for  a  time  officiated  for  the  English  in  Manhattan. 
Anne  Hutchinson  also  sought  refuge  among  the  Dutch,  and  settled  in 
Westchester;  and  even  Roger  Williams  for  a  time  enjoyed  the  same  privi- 
lege. 

In  1644  Kieft  also  granted  land  at  Hempstead,  and  gave  the  corporators 
power  "to  build  churches  and  exercise  the  Reformed  religion  which  they 
profess,  with  the  ecclesiastical  discipline  thereunto  belonging."  Among 
these  was  Rev.  Richard  Denton,  who  came  from  Stamford  with  his  con- 
gregation and  constituted  the  first   Presbyterian   Church   in  the  province. 


30  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

Similar  privileges  were  given  to  the  town  of  Flushing  in  1645.  They  were 
"to  have  and  enjoy  the  liberty  of  conscience  according  to  the  custom  and 
manner  of  Holland,  without  molestation  or  disturbance  from  any  magis- 
trate or  magistrates,  or  any  other  ecclesiastical  minister."  The  same  privi- 
leges were  given  the  same  year  to  Gravesend,  at  which  place  Lady  Moody, 
persecuted  both  in  England  and  New  England,  found  rest  and  peace. 

Domine  Bogardus  had  protested  against  Kieft's  murderous  slaughter  of 
the  neighboring  Indians  in  1643,  and  was  not  a  little  persecuted  by  the  Gov- 
ernor therefor.  Stuyvesant  arrived  to  supersede  Kieft  on  May  11,  1647. 
On  Aug.  16,  Kieft,  with  a  large  fortune,  estimated  at  $160,000,  together 
with  Bogardus,  who  had  resigned  his  pastorate  on  July  22,  sailed  in  the 
same  vessel,  the  Princess,  to  give  an  account  of  their  differences  to  the 
company  and  the  Classis.  By  some  mistake  the  vessel  got  into  the  Bristol 
Channel  and  was  wrecked  on  the  rocky  coast  of  Wales  and  both  were  lost 
(Sept.  27,  1647).  Out  of  one  hundred  persons  on  board  only  twenty  were 
saved." 


'The  Archives  of  the  old  Classis  of  Amsterdam  (1582-1816),  besides  their  own 
local  matters,  contain  very  much  material  relating  to  all  these  fields.  Besides 
the  specific  Acts  of  the  Classis.  the  Correspondence  is  also  generally  preserved. 

2See  "Peter  Minuit  Memorial,"  by  Rev.  Cyrus  Cort,  Dover,  Delaware,  1895.  He 
became  Governor  of  Delaware  in  1636,  and  was  lost  in  a  West  India  hurricane 
in  1638.     See  also  "In  Memoriam." 

3Doc.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  volume  iii,  p.  27. 

4It  is  printed  in  full  in  Colonial  Documents,  Vol.  ii,  pp.  763-770,  and  in  Cor- 
win's  "Manual,"  1879,  pp.  3-10,  and  in  several  other  publications.  A  revised 
translation  may  be  found  in  the  Year  Book  of  the  Collegiate  Church,  New 
York,  for  1896,  with  fac-simile  of  the  original  letter,  which  is  now  in  the  Lenox 
Library. 

sPor  many  facts  about  Smoutius  see  his  name  in  Index  of  J.  Wagenaar's 
"Beschriving  van  Amsterdam,"  1765. 

"It  is  a  remarkable  circumstance  that  there  is  no  reference  to  the  departure 
of  Michaelius  from  New  Netherland.  Yet  the  fact  and  date  must  be  on  record 
somewhere,  and  a  more  exhaustive  investigation  of  sources  would  reveal  it. 
For  a  description  of  conditions  in  New  Netherland,  before  and  during  the  time 
of  the  ministry  of  Michaelius,  and  up  to  the  time  of  the  arrival  of  Bogardus 
(1621-1632),  see  Doc.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  4to  ed.,  Vol.  iii,  19-31. 

7See  "Extracts  from  Minutes  of  Synod  of  North  Holland,"  1621-1641,  obtained 
by  the  author  in  1898,  bearing  on  these  points;  to  be  printed  by  the  State. 

8These  volumes  of  "Extracts  Relating  to  Colonial  Affairs"  were  not  continued 
after  1705.  The  volumes  of  the  Classis  were  not  numbered  until  1816.  and  then 
the  numbering  was  not  scientifically  done.  Vol.  xxxix  consists  of  "Extracts" 
from  1635-1648.  Vol.  xix  of  "Extracts"  from  1655-1705.  Vol.  xxxvii  is  an  Index 
to  Vol.  xxxix. 

9Col.  Docs.  N.  Y.,  Vol.  i,  p.  123. 

10Acts  of  Deputies,  Vol.  xx,  p.  66.  The  Amsterdam  Correspondence  contains 
many  references  to  these  difficulties. 

"Col.   Docs.  N.  Y.,  Vol.   i,  229. 

"Translation  in  full  in  Hazard's  "State  Papers,"  Vol.  i,  pp.  517-526,  and  in 
"N.  Y.  Hist.  Soc.  Coll.,  Vol.  viii,  1S57. 

13Doc.  Hist.,  Vol.  iv,  pp.  13-15.  Father  Jogues'  papers  are  printed  in  full 
in  "N.  Y.  Hist.  Soc.  Coll.,"  1857,  pp.  161-229. 

"See  an  interesting  sketch  of  New  Netherland.  in  Col.  Docs.  N.  Y.,  Vol.  i, 
pp.  149,  150,  quoted  from  Wassenaar. 

"See  letter  of  Directors  to  Stuyvesant,  of  April  7,  1648;  letter  of  Megapolensla 
to  Classis,  Aug.  25,  1648.  A  general  review  of  the  period  during  Bogardus's 
Ministry  may  be  seen  in  the  "Journal  of  New  Netherland."  in  Doc.  Hist,  of 
N\  Y.,  4to  ed.,  Vol.  iv,  pp.  4-11;  or  in  Col.  Docs.  N.  Y..  Vol.  i,  pp.  179-188. 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA.  31 


CHAPTER  II. 

THE  CHURCH  DURING  THE  ADMINISTRATION  OF  GOVERNOR 
PETER  STUYVESANT  (1647-64). 

Under  the  maladministration  of  Kieft,  with  the  Indian  slaughters  above 
alluded  to,  the  colony  was  nearly  ruined;  but  under  Stuyvesant  matters 
somewhat  improved.  He  was  soon  elected  an  elder  in  the  Church  of 
Manhattan.  One  of  his  earliest  acts  was  to  secure  an  ordinance  (1648) 
for  the  better  observance  of  the  Sabbath.1  Sabbath  afternoon  services  were 
initiated  at  which  all  were  required  to  be  present.  Rev.  John  Backerus, 
recently  of  Curagoa,  was  temporarily  supplying  the  church  (1647-49)  at 
this  time.  An  arbitrary  spirit  now  began  to  show  itself  in  Stuyvesant,  and 
an  elaborate  remonstrance2  was  drawn  up  (1649),  reviewing  affairs  gen- 
erally, both  in  church  and  state.  The  people  demanded  the  right  of  sharing 
in  the  Government,  and  the  company  was  compelled  to  yield.  An  elective 
judiciary  was  secured,  and  New  Amsterdam  was  incorporated  in  1653  with 
a  burgher  government,  somewhat  after  the  model  of  the  cities  of  Holland. 
Regular  books  of  record  were  now  begun,  and  a  solemn  form  of  prayers 
was  adopted,  with  which  the  court  was  to  open  its  proceedings.  The  island 
of  Manhattan  now  became  the  city  of  New  Amsterdam.  Nicasius  de  Sille, 
an  expert  statesman,  versed  both  in  law  and  in  military  affairs,  was  sent 
out  by  the  company  to  be  first  counselor  to  Stuyvesant. 

In  the  meantime  Domine  Megapolensis  had  started  (1649)  on  his  return 
to  Holland.  Stopping  in  New  Amsterdam,  he  was  prevailed  on  by  Gov- 
ernor Stuyvesant  to  remain  there,  that  the  chief  place  might  not  be  destitute 
of  ministerial  service.  He  was  a  man  of  excellent  scholarship,  energetic 
character,  and  devoted  piety,  and  remained  in  his  new  field  for  more  than 
a  score  of  years  (1649-70).     [Megapolensis,  J.] 

But  ithe  West  India  Company  now  wished  to  have  also  a  minister  who 
could  preach  in  English  and  French  as  well  as  in  Dutch.  English  settlers 
were  becoming  numerous,  and  it  was  thought  important  to  secure  their  in- 
terest in  the  Reformed  Church.  French  Huguenots  were  also  coming  over 
in  increasing  numbers.  Rev.  Samuel  Drisius  had  been  pastor  of  a  Dutch 
Church  in  London  and  could  preach  in  Dutch,  German,  French,  or  English. 
The  company,  therefore,  asked  for  his  appointment  and  secured  it.  He 
labored  in  New  Netherland  for  twenty-one  years  (1652-73).  He  at  once 
began  to  preach  to  the  English  and  French  in  the  city,  and  after  1660,  as 
long  as  his  health  permitted,  he  also  served  the  Huguenot  and  Vaudois  set- 
tlers on  Staten  Island.4  He  was  the  first  to  propose  a  Latin  school  in  New 
Amsterdam,  to  save  the  youth  the  expense  and  trouble  of  going  to  Boston 


32  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

for  a  classical  training.6  The  project  was  regarded  with  favor,  but  no 
Latin  teacher  came  over  until  1659,  when  the  company  sent  Dr.  Alexander 
Carolus  Curtius,  at  a  salary  of  five  hundred  guilders.  The  city  government 
allowed  him  two  hundred  more.  Curtius  also  practiced  medicine.  In  1662 
he  was  succeeded  in  his  school  by  /Egidius  Luyck,  a  ministerial  licentiate, 
who  remained  until  1676.     He  was  also  private  tutor  in  Stuyvesant's  family. 

A  month  after  Drisius  sailed  for  America  the  Classis  found  in  Gideon 
Schaats  a  proper  person  to  send  to  Rensselaerwyck.  He  was  to  be  paid 
by  the  patroon.  Besides  his  regular  services  as  clergyman,  he  was  "to  use 
al!  Christian  zeal  there  to  bring  up  both  the  heathens  and  their  children  in 
the  Christian  religion."  He  was  also  to  act  as  schoolmaster.  He  served 
the  people  of  Albany  for  forty-two  years   (1652-94). 

Rev.  John  T.  Polhemus  became  the  first  minister  of  the  Reformed  Church 
on  Long  Island  (1654-76).  He  officiated  at  Flatbush,  and  occasionally  at 
Flatlands,  Gravesend,  and  Breuckelen.  The  West  India  Company  being 
obliged,  in  1654,  to  evacuate  Brazil,  where  Polhemus  had  been  stationed  for 
nineteen  years,  he  came  to  New  Netherland,  while  his  wife  went  to  Holland 
to  collect  his  salary  of  the  company.  Before  this  the  Dutch  of  Midwout,  or 
Flatbush,  and  other  localities  on  Long  Island,  were  obliged  to  cross  the 
East  River  to  attend  service.  To  save  them  this  trouble  a  church  had  been 
organized  at  Midwout  by  Megapolensis,  and  the  Classis  had  been  asked  to 
send  over  a  minister.  Just  at  this  juncture  Polhemus  arrived.  Stopping  on 
his  way  in  Delaware,  he  organized  a  church  while  there  at  New  Amstcl. 
afterward  New  Castle.  He  was  the  first  to  propose  an  association  of  the 
American  ministers  and  churches.  As  early  as  1662  he  writes :  "We  stand 
in  need  of  communication  with  one  another  in  the  form  of  a  Classis,  after 
the  manner  of  the  Fatherland.  It  is  desirable  that  this  be  begun,  although 
I  do  not  know  of  much  business  to  be  transacted."6  He  was  the  first  pastoi 
ac  Brooklyn. 

FEARS  FOR  THE  FUTURE  OF  THE  COLONY— BEGINNING  OF 
INTOLERANCE. 

The  failing  fortunes  of  the  West  India  Company,  evidenced  by  its  inabil- 
ity to  pay  its  dividends,  the  increasing  encroachments  on  the  part  of  New 
England,  with  the  consciousness  of  military  weakness,  made  the  Governor 
fearful  for  the  safety  of  the  province.  These  circumstances,  together  with 
Stuyvesant's  arbitrary  character  in  general,  go  far  to  explain  the  intolerant 
spirit  toward  other  bodies  of  Christians  which  now  began  to  manifest  itself. 
Freedom  of  worship,  as  in  Holland,  had  been  already  granted  to  different 
parties  on  Long  Island  by  express  legislation,  as  we  have  seen.  But  now, 
in  contrast  with  almost  all  Dutch  precedent,  a  different  policy  began  to  be 
pursued.  It  can  only  be  explained  by  the  fears  which  began  to  arise  re- 
specting the  continuance  of  the  province  under  the  Dutch  sway,  together 
with  the  misfortune  of  a  government  by  a  close  commercial  corporation 
having  its  own  selfish  ends  in  view.  This  unchristian  spirit  of  bigotry  was 
a  temporary  blemish  on  the  colony. 

The  Lutherans,  about   1652.  were  becoming  numerous  in  the  province. 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  33 

Those  in  New  Amsterdam  had  been  attendants  of  the  Reformed  Church 
there,  had  joined  in  the  celebration  of  the  Supper,  and  had  had  their  chil- 
dren baptized  by  the  ministers  of  the  Reformed  Church.  But  the  Lutheran 
parents  did  not  always  present  their  own  children  for  baptism,  but  allowed 
others,  sometimes,  to  do  it,  and  this  was  even  done,  at  times,  by  very  young 
persons.  Thus  it  was  not  always  certain  who  was  the  father  of  the  child. 
To  this  plan  the  ministers  decidedly  objected.  About  this  time,  also,  a  re- 
vised form  of  baptism  was  introduced.  In  the  older  form  the  second  ques- 
tion read :  "Do  you  acknowledge  the  doctrines  contained  in  the  Old  and 
New  Testaments,  and  in  the  Articles  of  the  Christian  Faith,  and  taught  in 
conformity  therewith,  to  be  the  true  and  perfect  doctrines  of  salvation?" 
The  revised  form  reads :  .  .  .  ''and  taught  here  in  this  Christian  church, 
to  be"  .  .  .  Objections  were  made  to  the  change  by  the  Lutherans. 
The  ministers7  said  that  the  word  here  meant  the  Protestant  Church  in  gen- 
eral, in  distinction  from  the  Papal  Church ;  and  the  usage  of  the  language 
would,  perhaps,  allow  this  larger  interpretation.  But  a  certain  individual 
took  advantage  of  these  circumstances  to  start  trouble  among  the  Lutherans. 
They,  therefore,  were  led  to  ask  for  the  privilege  of  public  services  by  them- 
selves. Stuyvesant  declined,  because,  as  he  said,  he  was  bound  by  his  oath 
to  support  the  Reformed  religion.  The  Lutherans  then  made  the  same  pe- 
tition to  the  West  India  Company  and  to  the  States-General.  Megapolensis 
and  Drisius  wrote  to  the  Classis  (Oct.  6,  1653)  opposing  the  request.  They 
also  wrote  to  the  Directors  of  the  West  India  Company  (the  Heeren  Ma- 
jores)  to  the  same  effect;  but  they  requested  the  Classis  to  refresh  their 
memory  occasionally,  lest,  through  want  of  proper  attention  to  the  subject, 
the  requested  permission  should  be  given. 

The  West  India  Company,  accordingly,  at  first  refused  the  Lutherans 
their  request.  Stuyvesant  was  directed  to  use  all  mild  means  to  allure  the 
Lutherans  to  attend  the  Dutch  churches.  The  Lutherans  yielded  temporar- 
ily, but  in  1656  renewed  their  request,  not  now  through  Stuyvesant,  but 
directly  to  the  company.  They  demanded  the  same  rights  as  Lutherans  and 
others  enjoyed  in  Holland. 

GROWTH  OF  OTHER  DENOMINATIONS. 

Many  sects  had  developed  in  New  Netherland,  owing  to  the  well-under- 
stood Dutch  toleration  which  had  been  enjoyed  up  to  1654.  At  Newtown 
there  were  many  Independents  and  a  few  Presbyterians.  John  Moore 
preached  there,  but  did  not  administer  the  sacraments.  At  Gravesend  there 
were  many  Anabaptists.  They  rejected  infant  baptism,  the  Sabbath,  and 
the  very  office  of  preacher,  for  through  these  things,  said  they,  come  many 
difficulties.  The  Puritans  showed  some  strength  at  Westchester,  where 
sermons  were  read  to  them  out  of  a  book.  There  was  a  Lutheran  minister 
at  the  South  River  settlement,  Lokenius,  but  his  character  was  not  good. 
Flushing  had  recently  driven  away  Rev.  Francis  Doughty ;  and  Rev.  Richard 
Denton,  a  Presbyterian,  who  had  been  preaching  at  Hempstead  for  ten 
years,  was  getting  into  trouble  for  baptizing  the  children  of  non-communi- 
cants.    There  were  now  only  four  Dutch  ministers  on  duty  in  the  colony. 


34  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

Megapolensis  and  Drisius  were  at  New  Amsterdam,  occasionally  officiating 
at  Stuyvesant's  bouwerie,  Harlem,  and  occasionally  on  Staten  Island. 
Schaats  was  at  Beverwyck,  afterward  Albany.  Polhemus  labored  at  Flat- 
bush  and  other  places  on  Long  Island.  At  Kingston  and  on  the  South 
River  a  sermon  was  read  on  Sundays  out  of  a  book.  There  were  only  three 
schoolmasters  among  the  Dutch  in  the  whole  country. 

The  Dutch  ministers  in  their  correspondence  often  referred  to  the  increase 
of  the  so-called  sects.  In  February,  1656,  they  made  a  formal  complaint 
against  them.  This  was  made  to  Stuyvesant,  and  not  to  the  Classis  or  the 
company.  They  said  that  many  unqualified  persons  were  holding  conven- 
ticles and  preaching,  and  that  nothing  but  confusion  and  disorder  could 
result  therefrom  in  church  and  state.  The  Governor  was  in  entire  sym- 
pathy with  them,  if  he  had  not,  indeed,  suggested  the  complaint. 

Stuyvesant  and  his  council  accordingly  passed  an  ordinance8  (Feb.  1, 
1656),  forbidding  all  unauthorized  conventicles  and  the  preaching  of  un- 
qualified persons.  He  assumed  that  this  was  "to  promote  the  glory  of  God, 
the  increase  of  the  Reformed  religion,  and  the  peace  and  harmony  of  the 
country."  Every  unlicensed  preacher  who  should  violate  this  ordinance 
was  to  be  fined  £100  Flemish.  The  ordinance,  however,  disclaimed  "any 
prejudice  to  any  patent  heretofore  given,  any  lording  over  the  conscience, 
or  any  prohibition  of  the  reading  of  God's  Holy  Word  and  the  domestic 
praying  and  worshiping  of  each  one  in  his  own  family."  The  law  was  en- 
forced, and  fines  and  imprisonments  followed — and  also  righteous  com- 
plaints to  the  West  India  Company  and  to  the  States-General.  Friends  in 
Holland  remonstrated  against  Stuyvesant's  action,  and  compelled  the  West 
India  Company  to  promise  the  same  toleration  in  New  Netherland  as  was 
enjoyed  in  Holland.  The  company,  accordingly,  took  the  following  action, 
dated  June  14,  1656.  They  say:  "We  should  have  giadly  seen  that  your 
honor  had  not  posted  up  the  transmitted  edict  against  the  Lutherans,  and 
had  not  punished  them  by  imprisonment,  which  they  declare  was  inflicted 
on  them,  inasmuch  as  it  has  always  been  our  intention  to  treat  them  with 
all  peaceableness  and  quietness.  Wherefore  your  honor  shall  not  hereafter 
allow  any  more  such  or  similar  edicts  to  be  published  without  our  previous 
knowledge,  but  suffer  the  matter  to  pass  in  silence,  and  permit  them  their 
free  worship  in  their  houses." 

The  Lutherans  received  this  information  before  Stuyvesant  did.  In 
October,  1656,  they  accordingly  informed  him,  under  the  form  of  a  petition, 
concerning  this  action  of  the  company.  They  said :  "That  the  Honorable 
Directors  of  the  West  India  Company,  our  patrons,  have  granted  their  sup- 
plications, and  in  a  full  college  have  resolved  and  decreed  that  in  the  West 
Indies  and  New  Netherland,  under  their  jurisdiction,  the  doctrines  of  the 
unaltered  Augsburg  Confession  of  Faith  might  and  should  be  tolerated  in 
the  same  manner  as  in  Holland,  under  its  praiseworthy  administration." 
Thcv,  therefore,  requested  that  no  further  obstructions  be  placed  in  the  way 
of  their  worship.  "Under  God's  blessing  we  design  to  conduct  this  by 
prayer,  reading,  and  singing  until  some  time  next  spring,  when  we  hope  and 
expect,  by  the  favor  of  God,  that  a  qualified  person  shall  be  obtained  from 
the  Fatherland  as  our  pastor  and  teacher."     Stuyvesant  answered  that  he 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  35 

would  seek  information  as  to  these  statements;   in  the  meantime  the  old 
orders  would  remain. 

In  the  spring  of  1657  Rev.  John  Ernest  Goetwater,  the  Lutheran  clergy- 
man, arrived.  He  was  sent  over  by  the  Lutheran  Church  of  Amsterdam. 
Neither  the  company  nor  the  Dutch  Classis  had  been  consulted.  But  Goet- 
water was  cited  before  the  authorities,  hampered  in  his  movements,  and 
finally  ordered  to  return  to  Holland,  which  order  he  evaded  for  a  while. 
The  vacillating  company  finally  approved  of  this  order,  "though  it  might 
have  been  done  in  a  more  gentle  way,"  they  add. 

GROWTH  OF  THE  CHURCH. 

The  Reformed  Church  continued  to  grow  slowly.  In  1661,  Bergen,  in 
New  Jersey,  was  settled.  The  people  erected  a  log  church,  and  twenty- 
seven  members  were  at  once  enrolled.  For  ninety  years  they  conducted  the 
services  themselves  or  had  supplies  on  Mondays  from  New  York.  After 
churches  were  organized  at  Hackensack,  Passaic,  and  elsewhere  in  -New 
Jersey,  they  occasionally  had  assistance  from  these  sources.  The  French 
and  Waldenses  now  organized  on  the  south  side  of  Staten  Island,  and 
Drisius  visited  them  bi-monthly.  In  the  same  year  some  Frenchmen  founded 
the  Church  of  Bushwyck  on  Long  Island,  and  a  church,  partly  French  and 
partly  Dutch,  was  formed  at  Harlem,  in  which  Michiel  Zyperius  (Siperius), 
a  proponent,  preached  for  the  French  as  early  as  1659. 

But  while  Stuyvesant  was  pursuing  his  narrow  policy,  contrary  to  the 
views  of  the  company,  the  company  itself  was  negotiating"  with  Puritans  in 
England  (1661),  offering  them  the  most  liberal  terms,  and  guaranteeing 
them  perfect  freedom  of  worship,  if  they  would  settle  in  New  Jersey  under 
the  company's  sway.  The  circumstances  of  the  Puritans  in  England  after 
the  fall  of  the  Commonwealth  and  with  the  accession  of  Charles  II.  were 
anything  but  pleasant.     But  the  effort  was  unsuccessful. 

PERSECUTION  OF  QUAKERS. 

There  was  now  a  lull  of  a  couple  of  years  (1659-61)  in  Stuyvesant's  un- 
holy zeal.  But  reports  came  to  him  from  Jamaica  and  neighboring  towns 
that  many  Quakers10  who  had  settled  on  Long  Island  had  been  holding  their 
conventicles  all  this  time.  Stuyvesant  and  his  council,  therefore,  passed 
another  ordinance11  (1662)  against  conventicles,  under  penalty  of  fifty 
guilders  for  every  person  present  and  twice  as  much  for  the  preacher  or 
exhorter,  or  owner  of  the  building.  Increasing  penalties  were  to  be  en- 
forced for  renewed  offenses.12 

The  penalties  fell  especially  on  Quakers  in  Jamaica.  Fines  and  imprison- 
ments were  enforced  and  the  place  was  subjected  to  official  espionage. 
John  Bowne  was  one  of  the  chief  sufferers,  being  finally  banished.  But  this 
proved  to  be  the  turning  point  in  this  sad  history.  He  so  represented  mat- 
ters upon  his  arrival  in  Holland  that  the  company  rebuked  Stuyvesant 
(1663)  for  his  bigotry  as  follows: 

"Although  it  is  our  cordial  desire  that  similar  and  other  sectarians  may 


36  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

not  be  found  there,  yet,  as  the  contrary  seems  to  be  the  fact,  we  doubt  very 
much  whether  rigorous  proceedings  against  them  ought  not  to  be  discon- 
tinued ;  unless,  indeed,  you  intend  to  check  and  destroy  your  population, 
which,  in  the  youth  of  your  existence,  ought  rather  to  be  encouraged  by  all 
possible  means.  Wherefore  it  is  our  opinion  that  some  connivance  is  use- 
ful, and  that  at  least  the  consciences  of  men  ought  to  remain  free  and  un- 
shackled. Let  every  one  remain  free  as  long  as  he  is  modest,  moderate,  his 
political  conduct  irreproachable,  and  as  long  as  he  does  not  offend  others  or 
oppose  the  government.  This  maxim  of  moderation  has  always  been  the 
guide  of  our  magistrates  in  this  city,  and  the  consequence  has  been  that 
people  have  flocked  from  every  land  to  this  asylum.  Tread  thus  in  their 
steps,  and  we  doubt  not  you  will  be  blessed."  This  ended  persecution  in 
New  Netherland.  A  couple  of  years  later  Bowne  returned  to  New  York, 
and  met  Stuyvesant  as  a  private  citizen  who  seemed  ashamed  of  what  he 
had  done. 

SABBATH  AND  ANTI-LIQUOR  LAWS. 

In  October,  1656,"  the  Director  and  council  passed  another  ordinance  for 
the  better  observance  of  the  Sabbath.  Laws  had  been  repeatedly  enacted 
on  this  subject,  generally  closely  connected  with  the  prohibition  of  liquor 
selling  on  that  day.  In  1641  it  was  forbidden  to  tap  beer  during  Divine 
service.  In  1647  it  was  declared  that  inasmuch  as  the  sale  of  strong  drinks 
produced  many  brawls  on  Sunday,  therefore,  none  should  be  sold  before  2 
p.  m.  on  that  day,  or  4  p.  m.,  when  there  was  a  second  service,  except  to 
travelers  and  boarders ;  and  none  should  be  sold  any  day  after  9  p.  M.  In 
March,  1648,  an  elaborate  Sabbath  law  was  enacted.  The  former  laws 
were  recapitulated  and  renewed.  It  is  asserted  in  the  preamble  that  one- 
fourth  of  the  houses  in  New  Amsterdam  are  devoted  to  the  sale  of  liquors. 
It  was  enjoined  that  no  new  taverns  should  be  opened  without  permission, 
and  the  present  tavern-keepers  should  only  continue  for  four  years;  neither 
could  they  sell  out  their  business.  They  were  also  forbidden  to  sell  to 
Indians,  and  they  must  register  their  names.  During  Divine  services  no 
tapping,  hunting,  fishing,  or  trading  should  be  allowed,  under  a  penalty  of 
twenty-five  florins.  In  1656  these  Sunday  laws  were  still  more  fully  elab- 
orated, showing  a  growth  of  healthy  sentiment  for  a  stricter  observance  of 
the  Sabbath.  The  Director-General  and  council  forbade  "all  persons  from 
performing  or  doing  on  the  Lord's  day  of  rest,  by  us  called  Sunday,  any 
ordinary  labor,  such  as  plowing,  sowing,  mowing,  building,  wood  sawing, 
smithing,  bleaching,  hunting,  fishing,  or  any  other  work  which  may  be  law- 
ful on  other  days,  on  pain  of  forfeiting  one  pound  Flemish  for  each  person ; 
much  less  any  lower  or  unlawful  exercise  and  amusement,  drunkenness, 
frequenting  taverns  or  tippling-houses.  dancing,  playing  ball,  cards,  trick- 
track, tennis,  cricket,  or  ninepins,  going  on  pleasure  parties  in  a  boat,  car,  or 
wagon,  before,  between,  or  during  Divine  service,  on  pain  of  a  double  fine ; 
especially,  all  tavern-keepers  or  tapsters  from  entertaining  any  clubs,  or 
tapping;  bestowing,  giving,  or  selling,  directly  or  indirectly,  any  brandy, 
wine,  beer,  or  strong  liquor  to  any  person  before,  between,  or  during  the 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  37 

sermons,  under  a  fine  of  six  guilders,  to  be  forfeited  by  the  tavern-keeper  or 
tapster  for  each  person,  and  three  guilders  for  every  person  found  drinking 
at  the  time  aforesaid. 

"In  like  manner,  tavern-keepers  or  tapsters  shall  not  accommodate  or  en- 
tertain any  company,  or  tap,  sell,  or  give  any  wine,  beer,  distdled  liquors  or 
waters  to  any  person  at  night,  on  Sundays  or  on  other  days,  after  the  post- 
ing of  the  guard  or  ringing  of  the  bell,  on  the  same  penalty;  the  domestic 
guest,  persons  appointed  on  public  business,  with  the  consent  and  by  order 
of  the  magistrate,  alone  excepted." 

Then  follow  laws  forbidding  the  selling  or  giving  liquor  to  Indians,  of 
fraud  in  the  weight  of  bread,  of  mixing  bran  with  flour.  Bakers  and  tap- 
sters were  required  to  renew  their  licenses  quarterly.  The  fee  was  one 
pound  Flemish.  The  fines  for  violation  were  to  go,  one-third  to  the  officer 
who  entered  the  complaint,  one-third  to  the  church  or  the  poor,  and  one- 
third  for  the  public  benefit. 

There  were  subsequent  references,  more  or  less  full,  to  these  Sunday  laws 
in  1657  and  1658.  Different  towns  also  passed  their  own  local  ordinances 
concerning  Sabbath  observance.  In  1663  the  sale  of  liquor  on  the  Sabbath 
was  forbidden  between  sunrise  and  sunset." 

FATHER  LE  MOYNE. 

The  Jesuits  from  Canada  had  continued  to  carry  on  their  work  in  central 
New  York.  After  the  rescue  of  Father  Poncet  by  the  Dutch  in  1653,  peace 
was  negotiated  between  the  Mohawks  and  the  French.  The  Indians  at 
Onondaga  then  made  a  request  that  a  French  mission  might  be  established 
among  them.  Father  Le  Moyne  was  sent  to  them  to  initiate  the  work,  and 
Jesuit  missionaries  soon  followed.  Le  Moyne  visited  Fort  Orange  on  the 
way  and  formed  some  acquaintance  with  the  Dutch.  The  Jesuit  missions 
extended  ultimately  all  the  way  to  Lake  Erie ;  but  when  the  presents  from 
Canada  began  to  fail,  Indian  piety  began  to  wane.  Conspiracies  arose,  and 
Oneida  Indians  in  Canada  were  held  as  hostages.  Father  Le  Moyne  was 
requested  to  go  to  Quebec  to  intercede.  He,  however,  went  to  New  Amster- 
dam, and  there  spent  the  winter  of  1657-58.  A  number  of  Catholics  were 
already  residing  there.  A  friendship  grew  up  between  Le  Moyne  and  Meg- 
apolensis,  especially  on  account  of  the  latter's  early  labors  among  the  Mo- 
hawks. Le  Moyne  told  him  of  the  salt  springs  which  he  had  discovered  in 
1654  in  Onondaga.  Megapolensis  could  hardly  believe  it.  In  writing  to  the 
Classis  subsequently  he  referred  to  the  matter,  and  added,  "I  will  not  discuss 
whether  this  be  true  or  whether  it  be  a  Jesuit  lie." 

Upon  Le  Moyne's  return  to  Albany,  he  sent  Domine  Megapolensis  a  letter 
(April,  1658)  exhorting  him  to  return  to  the  Catholic  Church.  There  were 
enclosed  lists  of  the  Popes,  of  the  councils,  and  of  the  heretics.  Mega- 
polensis answered  in  a  lengthy  and  remarkable  treatise18  on  the  errors  of 
Romanism  (June,  1658).  To  the  exhortation  to  ponder  Le  Moyne's  argu- 
ments well,  and  to  weigh  them  in  the  scales  of  the  sanctuary,  he  replied 
that  he  had  pondered  these  matters  for  years,  and  had  never  been  able  to 
fish  out  (expiscari)  anything  to  establish  the  claims  of  Rome. 


3§  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

1.  In  reference  to  the  list  of  the  Popes,  he  argues  that  the  true  faith 
comes,  not  from  local  or  personal  succession,  but  from  the  Word  of  God. 
For  what  avails  succession  if  truth  be  absent?  The  priests  in  the  days  of 
Christ  were  in  the  succession,  but  were  the  enemies  of  Christ.  After  elab- 
orating on  this,  he  declares  that  Le  Moyne  had  been  guilty  of  bad  faith  in 
leaving  Joanna  out  of  the  list  of  Popes.  She  was  well  attested  by  Papal  his- 
torians. He  quotes  some  of  the  current  poetry  about  her.  He  then  calls 
him  to  account  for  daring  to  put  the  names  of  Christ  and  Peter  at  the  head 
of  the  list,  as  if  they  could  endorse  some  of  the  doctrines  of  the  Church  of 
Rome.  He  then  makes  the  distinction  between  Christ  being  the  Head  of 
the  Holy  Catholic  Church,  and  of  the  Roman  Pontifical  Church. 

2.  In  reference  to  the  list  of  the  councils  and  the  assertion  that  the  Spirit 
has  never  forsaken  the  church,  the  bride  of  Christ,  Megapolensis  admits 
this,  and  emphasizes  it.  But  then  he  asks  whether  that  Papalizing  herd 
could  be  called  the  bride  of  Christ.  Le  Moyne  must  also  be  laboring  under 
some  hallucination  in  limiting  the  promises  made  to  the  Holy  Catholic 
Church  to  the  local  Roman  Church.  He  refers  to  other  local  churches,  such 
as  Ephesus,  Alexandria,  Jerusalem,  antedating  that  at  Rome ;  and  then  asks 
— Could  the  promises  be  limited  to  Rome?  He  further  says  that  as  Christ 
removed  the  candlestick  from  corrupt  churches,  so  had  He  done  with  refer- 
ence to  Rome,  which  had  become  the  Babylonian  harlot,  drunk  with  the 
blood  of  the  saints.  Nor  did  all  the  councils,  by  any  means,  favor  Rome. 
They  were  legitimate,  if  governed  by  the  Word  of  God.  Otherwise,  they 
were  not,  and  the  Holy  Spirit  did  not  preside  over  them.  Besides,  Le 
Moyne  could  not  be  ignorant  that  Popes  and  councils  had  often  contradicted 
cne  another. 

Then,  again,  what  was  a  council?  Megapolensis  says  that,  although  he 
was  educated  in  their  schools,  he  could  never  decide.  For,  of  whatever  ele- 
ments a  council  was  composed,  nothing  was  valid,  until  approved  by  the 
Pope ;  and,  therefore,  virtually,  the  Pope  was  the  council.  Everything 
turned  on  the  cerebellum  of  the  Pontiff. 

3.  In  reference  to  the  list  of  heretics:  Le  Moyne  had  first  named  Judas  as 
commander-in-chief,  and  had  allowed  Calvin  to  bring  up  the  rear-guard. 
But,  surely,  Le  Moyne  had  here  made  a  great  mistake,  for  Judas  and  Cal- 
vin differed  diametrically.  Judas  revolted  from  Christ,  going  over  to 
Christ's  enemies ;  but  Calvin  left  the  Judaizing  party,  and  united  himself 
to  Christ.  Judas,  with  a  kiss  of  hypocrisy,  delivered  Christ  to  His  foes; 
while  Calvin  vindicated  Christ,  His  Word,  and  His  spiritual  body.  Judas 
rejected  the  doctrines  of  Christ,  but  Calvin  brought  back  the  doctrine  of 
Christ's  merits. 

He  then  refers  to  the  fact  that  some  reject  the  holy  name  of  "Christians," 
and  arrogate  that  of  Jesuits  (Jesu-vitae,  as  he  writes  it,  having  apparently 
a  different  etymology  in  mind  from  the  common  one)  ;  taking  refuge  in  the 
fictitious  merits,  indulgences,  and  satisfactions  of  Loyola  and  Xavier.  But. 
"One  must  judge  Rupert  by  experience,"  says  he. 

Megapolensis  then  refers  to  his  having  witnessed,  while  studying  at 
Cologne,  the  celebration  of  the  apotheosis  of  Ignatius  and  Xavier ;  their 
images  borne  about,  and  a  worn-out  rag  of  Ignatius    exhibited  as  a  relic 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA.  39 

worthy  of  veneration.     He  then  quotes  some  medieval  Mantuan  bard  as 
singing: 

.    .    .    For  sale,  at  Rome, 

Temples,    priests,    sacred    altars,    crowns, 

Fires,  incense,  prayers,  yea 

Heaven  is  for  sale,  and — God! 

He  then  declares  to  Le  Moyne  that  he  would  have  made  out  a  better  list 
of  "heretics,"  if  he  had  omitted  some  whom  he  had  named,  and  inserted 
various  Orders  of  Monks,  which  he  names ;  and  then  to  these  Judases,  he 
should  have  added  some  Judas-isses.  mentioning  several  Orders  of  Nuns. 

Megapolensis  then  asks  a  series  of  questions,  as  to  what  was  heretical  in 
our  Calvin,  except  that  he  had  restored  the  pure  doctrines  of  the  Gospel  to 
men ;  such  as  election,  founded  solely  on  the  good  pleasure  of  God ;  that  of 
Christ  as  the  only  sacrifice  for  sin,  and  only  Mediator  with  God ;  that  of 
good  works,  done  out  of  gratitude  and  for  the  glory  of  God,  and  not  from 
any  mere  selfish  motive ;  and  that  of  teaching  men  to  forsake  all  supersti- 
tions, to  go  straight  to  Christ,  Who  calls  burdened  souls  to  Himself  and 
gives  them  relief  and  peace. 

He  then  declares  that  Christ  crucified  is  his  only  hope  and  consolation, 
and  that  he  detests  his  former  dishonor  when  a  Papist.  He  was  twenty- 
three  years  old  when  he  left  the  Church  of  Rome  (1624).  He  had  studied 
in  their  colleges,  but  God  had  opened  his  eyes  and  led  him  to  the  only 
fountain  of  salvation.  He  was  now  fifty-seven  years  old,  and  Le  Moyne 
was  getting  old,  too,  and  he,  therefore,  implored  him  to  ponder  his  responsi- 
bility to  Christ  for  his  stewardship.  His  baptizing  Indians  when  they  were 
willing  to  make  the  sign  of  the  cross,  and  sometimes  even  when  half-dead, 
was  a  profanation.  The  ceremony  did  not  cleanse  the  soul.  He  then  com- 
mends Le  Moyne  to  the  God  of  all  grace,  and  declares  that  he  will  pray  for 
him  that  he  may  be  delivered  from  his  errors  and  led  to  the  true  knowledge 
of  Christ. 

Signed,  New  Amsterdam,  on  the  nones  of  June  (1658). 

Yours  most  truly,  with  emotions  of  heart  even  to  the  altars, 
[Tuus  tuorumque  ex  animi  usque  ad  aras.] 

Johannes  Megapolensis. 

MINISTRY  OF  SELYNS. 

The  company  at  length  induced  Rev.  Henry  Selyns  and  Mr.  Herman 
Blom  to  come  to  New  Netherland.  Mr.  Blom  proved  acceptable  to  the 
people  of  Kingston,  and  accordingly  returned  to  Holland  for  ordination. 
Mr.  Selyns  settled  over  the  congregations  of  Breuckelen  and  adjoining 
places,  from  Wallabout  to  Gowanus.  Breuckelen  had  now  thirty-one  fami- 
lies and  one  hundred  and  thirty-four  persons.  Selyns  also  occasionally 
preached  to  the  Huguenots  on  Staten  Island.  Steps  were  taken  at  once  to 
build  a  church  in  Breuckelen ;  meantime  the  people  worshiped  in  a  barn. 
Stuyvesant  subscribed  two  hundred  and  fifty  guilders  toward  Selyns's  salary, 
provided  he  would  preach  on  Sunday  afternoons  at  his  bouwerie  on  Man- 


40  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

hattan  Island.  The  Director  had  there  about  forty  negroes,  who  would  thus 
receive  religious  instruction.  Selyns  agreed  to  do  this.  Stuyvesant  urged 
that  other  clergymen  should  be  sent  over  to  supply  New  Utrecht,  Gravesend, 
and  New  Harlem,  besides  a  village  of  about  one  hundred  and  thirty  families 
on  the  North  River.  The  church  at  Beverwyck  (Albany),  under  Schaats, 
had,  in  1660,  about  two  hundred  members.  Selyns  remained  only  four 
years,  the  term  for  which  he  had  engaged  himself.  He  returned  to  Hol- 
land, as  he  said,  to  gladden  the  eyes  of  his  aged  parents.  He  came  back  to 
America  in  1682,  and  played  a  most  important  part  in  resisting  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  English  Church  over  a  population  which  was  overwhelm- 
ingly Dutch.     [Selyns.] 

The  last  ordinance  of  New  Netherland  on  the  subject  of  religion  was 
passed  in  March,  1664,  and  related  to  the  more  careful  instruction  of  youth 
in  the  principles  of  the  Christian  religion.  Catechetical  instruction  has  al- 
ways been  one  of  the  strong  points  of  the  Dutch  Church,  and  it  seems  ap- 
propriate to  give  this  last  ordinance  of  New  Netherland  in  this  connection. 
It  is  as  follows  :16 

"Whereas,  it  is  most  highly  necessary  and  most  important  that  the  youth 
from  childhood  up  be  instructed,  not  only  in  reading,  writing,  and  arith- 
metic, but  especially  and  chiefly  in  the  principles  and  fundamentals  of  the 
Reformed  religion,  according  to  the  lesson  of  that  wise  king,  Solomon — 
'Train  up  a  child  in  the  way  he  shall  go;  and  when  he  is  old,  he  will  not 
depart  from  it' — so  that  in  time  such  men  may  proceed  therefrom  as  may  be 
fit  to  serve  their  Fatherland  as  well  in  the  church  as  in  the  state.  This, 
then,  being  taken  into  particular  consideration  by  the  Director-General  and 
council  of  New  Netherland,  because  the  number  of  children  is,  through  the 
merciful  blessing  of  the  Lord,  considerably  increasing  here,  they  have 
deemed  it  necessary,  in  order  that  so  useful  and  God-acceptable  a  work  may 
be  the  more  effectually  promoted,  to  recommend  and  command  the  school- 
masters, as  we  do  hereby,  that  they  shall  appear  in  the  church  with  the 
children  committed  to  their  care  and  intrusted  to  them,  on  Wednesday,  be- 
fore the  commencement  of  the  sermon,  in  order,  after  the  conclusion  of 
Divine  service,  that  each  may,  in  the  presence  of  the  reverend  ministers  and 
elders  who  may  be  present,  examine  his  scholars  as  to  what  they  have  com- 
mitted to  memory  of  the  Christian  commandments  and  catechism,  and  what 
progress  they  have  made;  after  which  performance  the  children  shall  be 
dismissed  for  that  day,  and  allowed  a  decent  recreation." 

CONQUEST  BY  THE  ENGLISH. 

But  the  English  conquest  was  at  hand.  The  West  India  Company  had 
at  first  grandly  succeeded,  for  a  decade  or  two,  from  a  business  point  of 
view.  The  power  and  prestige  of  Holland  had  also  been  wonderfully  in- 
creased, while  Spain  and  Portugal  had  been  deeply  humbled.  But  the  in- 
toxication of  their  brilliant  and  marvelous  success  brought  on  at  length  an 
overwhelming  bankruptcy,  and  this  was  one  of  the  causes  which  led  the 
Dutch  colony  to  fall  an  easy  prey  to  the  English.  The  right  of  the  Dutch 
to  occupy  the  territory  called  New  Netherland  had  always  been  disputed  by 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA.  41 

the  English.  Rumors  of  war  were  becoming  rife ;  but  by  repeated  false- 
hoods the  Dutch  Ambassador  in  England  had  been  completely  deceived  con- 
cerning the  king's  intentions.  Before  the  sailing  of  the  fleet,  however, 
Charles  II.  had  granted  the  whole  territory  between  the  Connecticut  and 
the  Delaware  to  his  brother  James,  the  Duke  of  York  and  Albany.  When 
the  fleet  appeared  and  demanded  the  surrender,  there  was  no  adequate  force 
at  hand  to  defend  the  colony.  With  great  reluctance,  and  only  upon  the 
urgent  advice  of  the  clergymen  and  others  to  save  unnecessary  bloodshed, 
Stuyvesant  surrendered,  and  New  Netherland  passed  without  a  blow  under 
the  dominion  of  the  English.  But  the  duke  became  the  proprietary  ruler 
of  the  province  of  New  York  only;  for,  while  the  fleet  was  yet  on  the  sea, 
to  raise  money  for  his  extravagances,  he  ceded  New  Jersey  to  Carteret  and 
Berkeley.  There  were  at  this  time  three  cities,  thirty  villages,  and  ten 
thousand  inhabitants  in  the  province. 

The  Dutch  secured  excellent  terms  at  the  surrender.  They  were  to  con- 
tinue free  denizens,  to  enjoy  their  private  property,  to  dispose  of  it  at  pleas- 
ure, and  were  to  enjoy  their  own  customs  concerning  inheritances.  In  ref- 
erence to  religion  Article  VIII.  reads:  "The  Dutch  here  shall  enjoy  the 
liberty  of  their  consciences  in  Divine  worship  and  in  church  discipline."" 

Domine  Drisius  informed  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  of  the  surrender  in 
the  following  letter : 

Manhattan,  Sept.  15,  1664. 

"To  the  Reverend,  Learned,  and  Pious  Brethren  of  the  Reverend  Classis  of 
Amsterdam: 

"I  cannot  refrain  informing  you  of  our  present  condition,  viz.,  that  we 
are  now  brought  under  the  Government  of  the  king  of  England. 

"On  the  26th  August  there  arrived  in  the  bay  of  the  North  River,  near 
Staten  Island,  four  large  men-of-war  or  frigates,  well  mounted,  and  manned 
with  soldiers  and  marines.  They  had  a  patent  or  commission  from  the 
king  of  Great  Britain  to  summon  this  province  to  surrender,  in  the  name 
ot  his  majesty,  and  to  take  possession  of  it.  If  this  was  not  done  amicably 
the  place  was  to  be  attacked  with  violence,  and  everything  was  to  be  given 
up  to  the  English  soldiers  for  sacking,  rapine,  and  booty.  The  people  here 
were  not  a  little  frightened  at  the  arrival  of  these  frigates. 

"Our  rulers,  the  Director  and  council,  as  also  the  officers  of  the  city,  took 
the  matter  very  much  to  heart.  They  earnestly  endeavored  to  delay  the 
affair  by  repeated  embassies  to  the  general,  Richard  Nicholls,  by  requesting 
that  the  business  should  be  submitted  to  his  majesty  of  England,  and  the 
lords,  the  States  of  Holland,  but  all  was  in  vain.  They  disembarked  their 
soldiers  about  two  miles  off,  at  Gravesandt  (Gravesend),  and  marched  them 
on  foot  on  Long  Island  to  the  ferry  opposite  this  place.  The  frigates  came 
down  upon  us  on  Sept.  4,  under  full  sail.  They  had  put  all  their  cannon 
on  one  side,  having  orders,  and  intending,  if  any  resistance  were  offered,  to 
fire  a  full  broadside  into  this  open  place,  and  so  to  take  the  city  by  force 
and  give  up  everything  to  plunder  and  blood  (lit.,  blood-bath). 

"Our  honorable  rulers,  both  of  the  (West  India)  company  and  the  city, 
were  full  inclined  to  defend  the  place.     But  they  realized  that  it  would  be 


42  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

impossible,  as  the  town  was  not  in  a  defensible  condition ;  and  even  if  it 
were  fortified  it  could  not  be  done,  for  all  the  men  within  the  bounds  of  the 
city  would  have  to  stand  at  least  four  rods  apart ;  there  was  also  but  a 
slender  supply  of  powder,  either  in  the  fortress  or  in  the  town ;  there  was 
no  hope  of  deliverance  or  aid ;  and  every  day  the  concourse  of  the  English, 
both  on  foot  and  horseback,  increased.  They  came  from  New  England  with 
desire  to  pillage  the  city.  They  offered  their  services  against  us  as  priva- 
teers, being  about  six  hundred  in  number,  according  to  report,  with  fifty 
French  privateers.  The  English  permitted  this ;  therefore  our  authorities, 
at  the  urgent  request  of  the  citizens  and  burghers,  were  obliged,  although 
unwillingly,  to  resolve  to  come  to  terms,  in  order  to  prevent  pillage  and 
bloodshed. 

"After  the  surrender  of  the  place,  several  English  people,  whom  we  have 
long  known,  and  who  were  well  affected  toward  us,  came  to  us  and  said  that 
God  had  singularly  overruled  the  matter,  in  that  the  province  had  passed 
over  by  treaty ;  otherwise  nothing  else  could  have  happened  but  pillage, 
murder,  and  general  ruin.  This  is  also  confirmed  by  several  soldiers,  who 
say  that  they  came  hither  from  England  in  hope  of  booty;  and  since  it  has 
turned  out  so  differently,  they  desired  permission  to  return  to  England. 

"It  is  stipulated  in  the  articles  (of  surrender)  that  the  religion  and  doc- 
trine shall  continue  as  heretofore,  and  the  ministers  shall  remain.  We 
could  not  abandon  our  congregations  and  hearers.  We  judged  that  we 
must  continue  with  them,  for  a  time  at  least,  and  perform  our  offices,  lest 
they  should  become  entirely  scattered  and  grow  wild. 

"The  West  India  Company  owes  me  quite  a  sum,  which  I  hope  and  de- 
sire will  be  paid.  Thus  I  close,  commending  your  persons  and  services  to 
the  love  of  God.     I  remain 

"Your   Reverences'    Obedient   Brother, 
"Samuel  Drisius." 

THE  MINISTERS  AND  CHURCHES  OF  NEW  NETHERLAND. 

Before  the  English  conquest  the  West  India  Company  had  provided  thir- 
teen ministers  for  New  Netherland.  Six  of  these  were  in  service  at  the 
surrender.  There  were  then,  also,  eleven  churches  in  existence,  besides  a 
couple  of  out-stations.  As  these  ministers  and  churches  were  the  original 
root  from  which  the  Reformed  Church  in  America  has  developed,  under 
peculiarly  adverse  circumstances,  the  names  are  here  given.  Those  in 
service  at  the  surrender  are  put  in  small  capitals. 

MINISTERS. 

Jonas  Johannes  Michaelius,  1628 — .     Returned  to  Holland. 
Everardus  Wilhelmus  Bogardus,  1633-47.     Drowned  on  way  to  Holland. 
Johannes  Megapolensis,  1642-70.     Died  in  New  York. 
Johannes  Backerus,  1647-49.     Returned  to  Holland. 
[Wilhelmus  Grasmere,  a  suspended  minister,  1651-2.    Returned  to  Hol- 
land.] 


THE    REFORMED     CHURCH     IN     AMERICA.  43 

Samuel  Drisius,  1652-73.     Died  in  New  York. 

Gideon  Schaats,  1652-94.     Died  in  Albany. 

Johannes  Theodorus  Polhemus,  1654-75.     Died  on  Long  Island. 

Casparus  Carpentier,  1657-84.     Died  in  Delaware. 

Everardus  Welius,  1657-59.     Died  in  Delaware. 

Michael  Zyperius  (Siperius),  1659-64.     Went  to  Virginia. 

Hermanus  Blom,  1660-67.     Returned  to  Holland. 

Henricus  Selyns,  1660-64.     Returned  to  Holland. 

^Egidius  Luyck,  1662-75.     Teacher  of  Grammar  School. 

Warnerus  Hadson.     Died  on  passage  to  America  (1664). 

Samuel  Megapolensis,  1664-68.     Returned  to  Holland. 

CHURCHES. 

Manhattan  or  New  Amsterdam  (New  York),  1628. 

Fort  Orange,  Beverwyck,  or  Rensselaerwyck  (Albany),  1642. 

New  Amstel  (New  Castle),  Del.,  1654. 

Midwout  (Flatbush),  L.  I.,  1654. 

Amersfoort  (Flatlands),  L.  I.,  1654. 

Breuckelen  (Brooklyn),  L.  I.,  1654. 

Gravesend,  L.  I.,  1655. 

Esopus  (Kingston),  1659. 

Bergen,  N.  J.,  1660. 

Stuyvesant's   Bouwerie    (station),   1660. 

Haarlem,  16C0. 

Bushwyck,  1661. 

Staten  Island  (station),  1661. 

Provision  was  made  by  the  officials  of  the  city,  who  were  temporarily 
continued  in  power,  for  the  due  support  of  the  Dutch  ministers  until  Gov- 
ernor Nichols  could  make  other  arrangements.  According  to  the  terms 
that  all  public  buildings  should  remain  in  their  former  uses,  the  Dutch  had 
exclusive  right  to  the  church  in  the  fort.  But  the  chaplain  of  the  English 
forces  had  no  proper  place  in  which  to  celebrate  the  English  service;  the 
Dutch,  therefore,  kindly  allowed  him  to  do  this  in  their  "church  in  the 
fort,"  after  their  own  services  were  ended.  Thus  was  the  Episcopal  service 
begun  in  New  York,  and  it  remained  on  such  a  footing  for  nearly  thirty 
years. 

The  civil  administration  of  the  Dutch  left  its  permanent  impress  on  the 
customs,  laws,  and  civilization  of  New  York  and  New  Jersey.  A  knowl- 
edge of  the  Dutch  jurisprudence  of  this  period  is  essential  to  the  full  under- 
standing of  the  constitutional  history  of  these  States.  Dutch  jurisprudence, 
founded  on  Roman  Law,  was  superior  to  the  contemporary  feudal  law  in- 
troduced by  the  English.  The  Dutch  legislation  concerning  police,  prop- 
erty, inheritances,  and  status  shows  a  highly  civilized  state  of  society.  The 
laws  relative  to  the  public  record  of  legal  instruments  were  in  advance  of 
contemporary  English  laws.  No  principle  of  primogeniture  prevailed.  The 
penal  laws  of  New  York  were  always  more  enlightened  and  less  severe  than 


44  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 

those  in  other  colonies  coming  from  England — a  direct  result  of  the  earlier 
Dutch  institutions,  which  were  more  humane. 

At  the  surrender  the  English  received  one  of  the  most  flourishing  col- 
onies in  America,  possessing  a  hardy,  vigorous,  and  thrifty  people,  well 
adapted  to  all  the  principles  of  civil  and  religious  freedom.  These  Dutch 
colonists  cheerfully  accepted  all  that  was  good  in  English  customs  and  laws, 
but  stoutly  and  successfully  resisted  what  they  considered  undesirable. 
This  could  not  have  been  the  case  if  their  prior  political,  religious,  and 
social  conditions  had  not  been  of  a  superior  kind.18 

Will  this  feeble  Dutch  Church,  consisting  of  hardly  a  dozen  congrega- 
tions and  half  a  dozen  ministers,  now  subject  to  a  foreign  power  determined 
to  establish  its  own  state  church,  be  able  to  survive  amid  these  new  and 
hampering  surroundings?  The  parent  church  had  successfully  resisted  a 
great  empire  and  accomplished  grand  results.  Will  the  handful  of  their 
descendants  in  America  be  correspondingly  energetic?  At  the  surrender 
only  thirty-six  years  had  elapsed  since  the  arrival  of  the  first  minister ; 
and  the  American  Reformed  .(Dutch)  Church  has  developed,  under  peculi- 
arly adverse  circumstances,  from  these  small  beginnings,  having  now  more 
than  seven  hundred  ministers  and  six  hundred  and  fifty  churches,  with  one 
hundred  and  eleven  thousand  communicants,  raising  annually  considerably 
more  than  a  million  dollars  for  home  expenses,  and  nearly  a  half-million 
for  benevolence,  with  thoroughly  equipped  institutions  and  other  agencies 
for  the  extension  of  the  Redeemer's  kingdom  at  home  and  abroad. 


'Laws  and  Ordinances  of  New  Netherland,  p.  98. 

"Col.  Docs.  N.  Y.,  Vol.  i,  pp.  271-318.  This  Remonstrance  contains  many  refer- 
ences to  church  affairs,  such  as  the  original  account  of  the  building  of  the 
church  in  the  fort,  etc.;  also  allusions  to  the  Presbyterian  ministers,  Doughty 
and  Denton. 

'This  prayer  is  found  in  Valentine's  "New  York,"  pp.  55-57,  and  another  trans- 
lation in  "Early  Records  of  New  Amsterdam." 

4See  Clute's  "Hist,  of  Staten  Island,"  p.  255. 

'Amsterdam  Cor.;  Doc.  Hist.,  Vol.  iii,  p.  69;  Col.  Docs.,  Vol.  i,  p.  426;  Vol.  ill, 
pp.  75,  646;  Gen.  and  Biograph.  Record,  Vol.  vii.  p.  61. 

"Amsterdam  Cor.,  Doc.  Hist.,  Vol.  iii.  p.  70;  Col.  Docs.,  Vol.  ii,  p.  72. 

TMegapolensis  and  Drisius  thus  explain  this  affair  in  a  letter  some  time  after 
to  the  Director-General  and  his  council,  dated  Aug.  23,  1658. 

"Laws  and  Ordinances  of  New  Netherland,  p.  213. 

"Col.  Docs.,  Vol.  iii,  pp.  37-39. 

10See  Onderdonk's  "Annals  of  Hempstead,"  etc. 

"Laws  and  Ordinances  of  New  Netherland,  p.  428. 

"Amst.  Cor.,  Letters,  78,  79. 

uLaws  and  Ordinances  of  New  Netherland,  pp.  258-263. 

"Laws  and  Ordinances  of  New  Netherland,  p.  448. 

15Megapolensis  sent  a  copy  of  this  paper  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  which 
was  recovered  by  Mr.  Brodhead  in  1841,  and  is  now  in  the  Archives  of  General 
Synod  (1901),  but  in  a  perishing  condition.  It  should  be  mounted.  It  is  written 
in  the  peculiar  chirography  of  the  17th  century,  in  Latin,  and  the  words  are 
much  abbreviated.  It  seemed  at  first  impossible  to  decipher  and  translate  it, 
but  this  was  done  by  Prof.  Louis  Bevier,  of  Rutgers  College.  We  have  it  now, 
written  out  in  full,  in  parallel  columns,  Latin  and  English. 

"Laws  and  Ordinances  of  New  Netherland,  p.  461. 

"Col.  Docs,  Vol.  Ii,  p.  251. 

"See  Fowler  on  Constitutional  and  Legal  History  of  New  York,  in  "Memorial 
Hist,  of  the  City,"  Vol.  i,  pp.  523-538. 


THE    REFORMED     CHURCH     IN     AMERICA.  45 


SECOND    PERIOD. 

RELATION  OF  THETREFORMED   CHURCH   IN    PARTICULAR, 

AND  OF  THE  PROVINCE  OF    NEW   YORK   IN    GENERAL, 

TO    ENGLISH    ECCLESIASTICAL   LAWS   (1664-1708.) 


CHAPTER  III. 

THE  CHURCH  DURING  THE  ADMINISTRATION  OF  JAMES  AS 

DUKE  OF  YORK   (1664-85)—  GOVERNORS :   NICHOLS, 

LOVELACE  (COLVE),  ANDROS.  DONGAN. 


PRELIMINARY. 

The  English  conquest  of  New  Netherland  gave  a  sudden  check  to  the 
development  and  prosperity  of  the  Reformed  Church.  Dutch  immigration 
practically  ceased.  The  ministry  was  soon  reduced  from  six  to  three,  al- 
though there  were  ten  thousand  souls  to  be  ministered  unto.  But  the 
Dutch  had  obtained  excellent  terms  at  the  surrender.  When,  therefore, 
they  were  required  to  take  the  oath1  of  allegiance  to  Great  Britain,  they 
declined,  until  assured  in  writing  "that  the  Articles  of  Surrender  are  not 
in  the  least  broken,  or  intended  to  be  broken,  by  any  words  or  expression 
in  the  said  oath."  This  was  important,  not  only  as  regards  property  and 
certain  customs,  but  especially  as  regards  religion.  It  gave  them  a  certain 
legal  standing  in  reference  to  their  own  forms  of  public  worship  and  church 
discipline.  But  under  such  conditions  the  Dutch  ministers  and  inhabitants 
became  citizens  of  the  British  Empire. 

Their  relations  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  and  the  Church  of  Holland 
were  necessarily  modified  by  this  political  change,  but  their  exact  status 
was  not  defined.  A  century  later,  in  their  efforts  to  secure  full  ecclesiastical 
independence,  their  relations  to  the  Church  of  Holland,  on  the  one  hand, 
and  to  the  English  Government  on  the  other,  became  important  topics  of 
discussion.  Was  the  American  Church  still  an  integral  part  of  the  Church 
in  Holland,  when  its  ministers  and  people  were  subjects  of  the  British 
King?  The  State  Church  of  Holland  could  not  enforce  its  decisions  on 
the  subjects  of  another  nation;  but,  since  they  had  now  become  subjects  of 
England,  under  special  articles  of  surrender,  what  was  their  relation  to 
English  ecclesiastical  law?     Although  naturalized  Englishmen,   they  were 


46  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

not  members  of  the  Church  of  England,  yet  neither  were  they  in  any  legal 
sense  dissenters.  They  belonged  to  a  collateral  church  of  the  Reformation, 
and,  as  they  believed,  of  a  sounder  faith  and  a  more  Scriptural  polity.  By 
the  terms  of  the  surrender  they  were  to  enjoy,  not  only  liberty  of  con- 
science in  private,  but  also  in  public  worship  and  church  discipline  or  gov- 
ernment. The  eighth  article  said  The  Dutch  here  shall  injoy  such  privi- 
leges. Does  this  form  of  expression  also  include  later  generations?  And 
then,  again,  what  was  to  be  the  status  of  other  residents  and  of  new  immi- 
grants? In  other  words,  what  was  to  be  the  ultimate  general  position  of 
the  colony  of  New  York  in  reference  to  English  ecclesiastical  law? 

Colonies  which  had  charter  governments  generally  established  the  most 
numerous  body  of  Christians  as  the  church  of  the  colony.  But  New  York 
was  not  a  charter  government.  It  was  first  (1664-85)  a  proprietary  gov- 
ernment. The  Duke  of  York  held  the  colony  as  a  fief  of  the  Crown.  It 
was  of  the  nature  of  a  feudatory  principality.  The  Duke  could  make  local 
laws  in  general  harmony  with  the  English  legal  system,  and  establish  courts, 
with  only  a  final  appeal  to  the  Crown.  The  Duke's  patent  divested  the 
Crown  of  all  but  paramount  authority.  But  when  the  Duke  became  King 
James  II.  (1685)  his  ducal  proprietorship  was  merged  in  the  Crown.  New 
York  then  became  a  provincial  government.  But  the  relation  of  the  now 
provincial  colony  to  English  law  still  depended  on  the  question  whether  the 
English  now  resumed  a  claim  to  the  territory  by  right  of  prior  discovery — 
which  they  often  asserted — or  whether  they  obtained  it  by  conquest.  If 
they  now  held  it  by  right  of  prior  discovery,  the  Dutch  had  only  been 
trespassers  on  English  soil,  and  the  legal  system  of  England  would  at  once 
prevail,  so  far  as  it  was  applicable ;  but  if  by  conquest,  the  Dutch  system  of 
jurisprudence,  founded  on  Roman  law,  with  the  special  ordinances  of  New 
Netherland,  would  remain  in  force  until  repealed.  These  were  questions 
of  dispute  during  the  whole  of  the  colonial  period,  and  judicial  decisions 
turned  thereon. 

Owing  to  these  complicated  conditions  the  relations  of  church  and  state 
in  New  York  became  involved  in  peculiar  difficulties,  and  gave  rise  to  more 
serious  trouble  than  in  any  other  colony.  The  Dutch  and  PVench,  with 
English  dissenters  and  some  others,  constituted  nine-tenths  of  the  popula- 
tion during  the  greater  part  of  the  colonial  period.  Would  this  great  ma- 
jority permit  a  few  English  officials  with  a  handful  of  followers  to  impose 
a  church  polity  and  form  of  worship  upon  them  in  which  they  did  not  be- 
lieve? Against  all  such  efforts  the  Dutch  determinedly  set  themselves,  and 
they  were  successful.  They  prevented  the  passage  of  any  provincial  law 
establishing  the  Church  of  England.  But  it  was  subsequently  assumed, 
contrary  to  fact,  that  the  said  church  was  established.  Nevertheless,  the 
Dutch  found  means  to  nullify  even  this  perversion  of  the  law. 

The  design  of  the  English  to  establish  their  National  Church,  wherever 
it  was  possible,  is  well  understood.  Yet  it  may  be  well  here  to  lefer  to  the 
Secret  Instructions  to  Colonel  Nichols,  when  sent  on  his  mission  to  conquer 
New  Netherland.  These  Instructions  are  directed  by  the  King  to  the  five 
"Commissioners  employed  by  us  to  our  Plantations  in  America,  in  and 
about  New   England,  to  be  considered  and  communicated  only  between 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  47 

themselves."2  They  are  therein  directed  to  resume  possession  of  the  terri- 
tory wrongfully  held  by  the  Dutch.  They  were  to  secure  a  modification  of 
the  charters  of  the  New  England  colonies,  if  possible,  so  as  to  increase  the 
King's  prerogative.  They  were  also  to  seek  opportunity  to  introduce  Epis- 
copacy in  New  England,  thus  the  Dutch  Ambassador  in  London  was  led 
to  understand,  while  he  was  deceived  as  to  the  King's  design  on  New  Neth- 
erland.  Upon  the  strength  of  such  information  the  West  India  Company 
wrote  to  Stuyvesant,  as  late  as  April  21,  1664,  as  follows:  "His  Royal 
Majesty  of  Great  Britain,  being  inclined  to  reduce  all  his  kingdoms  under 
one  form  of  government  in  church  and  state,  hath  taken  care  that  Com- 
missioners are  ready  in  England  to  repair  to  New  England  to  install 
Bishops  there,  the  same  as  in  old  England."  Such  was  the  impression 
given  out  in  England,  and  the  Secret  Instructions  given  to  Colonel  Nichols 
had  at  least  a  partial  reference  to  New  Netherland,  provided  it  should  be 
conquered  by  him. 

THE  FIRST  DECADE  UNDER  ENGLISH  RULE. 

During  the  first  decade  after  the  surrender  there  was  not  much  friction 
in  religious  matters.  A  code  of  laws  had  been  already  prepared  in  Eng- 
land, before  the  conquest,  known  as  "The  Duke's  Laws,"  which  had  a  very 
liberal  tone.  But  we  are  obliged  to  remember  that  James  was  a  Roman 
Catholic,  and  that  Charles  II.,  his  brother,  while  ostensibly  a  member  of  the 
Church  of  England,  yea,  even  the  head  of  the  English  Church,  was  secretly 
a  Romanist.  And  it  was  the  great  ambition  of  Charles  and  James,  since 
they  were  much  hampered  in  religious  matters  in  England,  to  make  a  way, 
by  their  liberality  in  these  laws,  for  Catholicism  to  gain  an  entrance  in  New 
York.  Nevertheless,  the  general  trend  of  English  policy  in  religious  mat- 
ters prevented  them  from  flaunting  their  personal  views  too  publicly;  yea, 
even  compelled  them,  in  state  papers,  to  style  themselves  "Defenders  of  the 
Faith,"  a  faith  in  which  they  did  not  believe.  The  liberal  tone,  therefore, 
of  the  "Duke's  Laws,"  as  well  as  the  later  Commissions  and  Instructions 
to  the  Governors  whom  he  appointed,  must  be  read  in  the  light  of  these 
facts.  Governor  Nichols  did  not  attempt,  at  first,  to  impose  these  laws  on 
the  whole  colony.  He  called  a  meeting  at  Hempstead  of  the  representa- 
tives of  Long  Island,  who  were  mostly  English,  and  they  gladly  accepted 
the  "Duke's  Laws,"  because  of  their  liberal  tone,  probably  not  suspecting 
the  ultimate  design.     The  following,  so  far  as  they  relate  to  religion,  are 

THE  DUKE'S  LAWS. 

"Whereas,  the  public  worship  of  God  is  much  discredited  for  want  of 
painful  and  able  ministers  to  instruct  the  people  in  the  true  religion,  and 
for  want  of  convenient  places  capable  to  receive  any  number  or  assembly 
of  people,  in  a  decent  manner,  for  celebrating  God's  holy  ordinances,  these 
ensuing  laws  are  to  be  observed  in  every  parish,  viz. : 

"1.  That,  in  each  parish  within  this  Government,  a  church  be  built  in  the 
most  convenient  part  thereof,  capable  to  receive  and  accommodate  two 
hundred  persons. 

"2.  That,  for  the  making  and  proportioning  the  levies  and  assessments 


40  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 

for  building  and  repairing  the  churches,  provision  for  the  poor,  mainten- 
ance for  the  minister,  as  well  as  for  the  more  orderly  managing  of  all 
parochial  affairs  in  other  cases  expressed,  eight  of  the  most  able  men  of 
each  parish  be,  by  the  major  part  of  the  householders  of  the  said  parish, 
chosen  to  be  overseers,  out  of  which  number  the  constable  and  the  afore- 
said eight  overseers  shall  yearly  make  choice  of  two  of  the  said  number  to 
be  churchwardens;  and  in  case  of  the  death  of  any  of  the  said  overseers 
and  churchwardens,  or  his  or  their  departure  out  of  the  parish,  the  said 
constable  and  overseers  shall  make  choice  of  another  to  supply  his  room. 

"3.  Every  overseer  is  to  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  at  the  time  of  his  ad- 
mittance into  his  office,  in  the  presence  of  the  minister,  overseer,  and  con- 
stable of  the  parish,  besides  the  oath  of  his  office. 

"4.  To  prevent  scandalous  and  ignorant  pretenders  to  the  ministry  from 
intruding  themselves  as  teachers,  no  minister  shall  be  permitted  to  officiate 
within  the  Government  but  such  as  shall  produce  testimonials  to  the  Gov- 
ernor that  he  hath  received  ordination,  either  from  some  Protestant  Bishop, 
or  minister,  within  some  part  of  His  Majesty's  dominions,  or  the  dominions 
of  any  foreign  prince  of  the  Reformed  religion ;  upon  which  testimony  the 
Governor  shall  induce  the  said  minister  into  the  parish  that  shall  make 
presentation  of  him  as  duly  elected  by  the  major  part  of  the  inhabitants 
(being)  householders. 

"5.  That  the  minister  of  every  parish  shall  preach  constantly  every  Sun- 
day, and  shall  also  pray  for  the  King,  Queen,  Duke  of  York,  and  the  royal 
family.  And  every  person  affronting  or  disturbing  any  congregation  on  the 
Lord's  Day.  and  on  such  public  days  of  fast  and  thanksgiving  as  are  ap- 
pointed to  be  observed,  after  the  presentment  thereof  by  the  churchwardens 
to  the  sessions,  and  due  conviction  thereof,  shall  be  punished  by  fine  or  im- 
prisonment, according  to  the  merit  and  nature  of  the  offense.  And  every 
minister  shall  also  publicly  administer  the  sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper 
once  every  year  at  the  least  in  his  parish  church,  not  denying  the  private 
benefit  thereof  to  persons  that  for  want  of  health  shall  require  the  same  in 
their  houses,  under  the  penalty  of  loss  of  preferment,  unless  the  minister 
be  restrained  in  point  of  conscience. 

"6.  No  minister  shall  refuse  the  sacrament  of  baptism  to  the  children  of 
Christian  parents,  when  they  shall  be  tendered,  under  penalty  of  loss  of 
preferment. 

•'7.  Ministers  are  to  marry  persons  after  legal  publication  or  sufficient 
hcense. 

"8.  Legal  publication  shall  be  so  esteemed  when  the  persons  so  to  be 

married  are  three  several  days  asked  in  the  church,  or  have  a  special  license. 

"9.  Sundays   are   not   to   be   profaned   by   travelers,   laborers,   or   vicious 

persons. 

"10.  That  no  congregations  shall  be  disturbed  in  their  private  meetings, 
in  the  time  of  prayer,  preaching,  or  other  Divine  service ;  nor  shall  any  per- 
son be  molested,  fined,  or  imprisoned,  for  differing  in  judgment  in  matters 
of  religion,  who  professes  Christianity. 

"II.  No  person  of  scandalous  or  vicious  life  shall  be  admitted  to  the  holy 
sacrament  who  hath  not  given  satisfaction  therein  to  the  minister." 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  49 

CHURCHWARDENS. 

"That  churchwardens  shall,  twice  every  year,  viz.,  on  the  second  day  of 
the  sessions  to  be  held  in  June,  and  on  the  second  day  of  the  sessions  to  be 
held  in  December,  in  open  sessions,  deliver  a  true  presentment  in  writing 
of  all  such  misdemeanors  as  by  their  knowledge  have  been  committed,  and 
not  punished,  while  they  have  been  churchwardens ;  viz.,  swearing,  pro- 
faneness.  Sabbath  breaking,  drunkenness,  fornication,  adultery,  and  all 
such  abominable  sins.  The  said  churchwardens  are  also  hereby  empowered 
to  cause  any  person  upon  whose  report  they  ground  their  presentment  to 
appear  at  the  respective  sessions  to  which  the  presentments  are  made,  to 
give  in  their  evidence  concerning  the  same,  and  the  refusers  shall  be  liable 
to  be  fined  at  the  sessions. 

''Every  inhabitant  shall  contribute  to  all  charges,  both  in  church  and 
state,  whereof  he  doth  or  may  receive  benefit,  according  to  the  equal  pro- 
portion of  his  estate." 

But  it  was  utterly  impracticable  to  enforce  these  laws  over  the  whole 
colony  at  once.  They  were,  at  first,  put  in  operation  only  on  Long  Island 
and  Staten  Island.  In  1673  it  was  ordered  that  they  should  be  enforced 
also  at  Esopus.  It  was  not  until  1675,  after  the  second  surrender  of  New 
Netherland,  that  the  "Duke's  Laws"  were  extended  to  the  whole  colony. 
Conciliatory  measures  at  first,  to  heal  the  wounded  feelings  of  the  con- 
quered, would  be  the  dictate  of  wisdom.  We  accordingly  find  Governor 
Nichols,  the  year  after  the  surrender,  directing  the  city  authorities  to  lay  a 
tax  to  pay  the  arrears  of  salary  of  the  Dutch  clergymen.3  And  in  1670 
Governor  Lovelace  writes  to  certain  Commissioners  at  Albany  that  he  con- 
siders the  minister  and  church  which  he  and  his  predecessors  found  estab- 
lished there  as  the  parochial  church  of  Albany,  which  was  to  be  maintained 
by  taxation  or  otherwise.4  In  the  same  year  Lovelace  guaranteed  a  salary 
to  any  Dutch  minister  who  would  come  over  to  assist  Drisius  at  New  York, 
who  was  becoming  feeble.  This  offer  brought  over  Domine  William  van 
Nieumenhuysen,  the  first  recruit  to  the  Dutch  ministry  after  the  surrender, 
although  seven  years  had  passed  away.  The  Governor's  promise,  however, 
was  not  well  fulfilled. 

It  may  here  also  be  mentioned  that  in  1673  Parliament  forced  upon  the 
King  the  Test  Act,  for  the  protection  of  Protestantism ;  but  this  act  was 
not  then  specifically  made  to  apply  to  the  American  plantations.  Hence 
the  Duke  could  continue  his  policy  of  keeping  an  open  door  in  America  for 
Romanism.  In  1689  William  III.  extended  the  Test  Act  to  the  colonies  in 
his  Commission  and  Instructions  to  the  colonial  Governors  then  appointed. 

During  this  first  decade  of  English  rule  there  was  also  much  dissatisfac- 
tion expressed  because  no  representative  assembly  was  granted  to  the 
province  such  as  existed  in  other  colonies. 

RECONQUEST  OF  NEW  YORK  BY  THE  DUTCH,  AND  ITS  RE- 
SURRENDER  BY  THE  STATES-GENERAL. 

But  in  1673  the  Dutch  unexpectedly  regained  their  independence.5  In 
the  war  then  raging  between  England  and  Holland,  Evertsen  was  sent  with 


50  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

fifteen  ships  to  harass  the  English  in  the  West  Indies.  There  he  met 
Binckes.  with  four  vessels  from  Amsterdam.  They  proceeded  to  Virginia, 
where  they  did  considerable  damage  to  English  plantations.  Learning 
there  that  New  York  was  not  well  defended,  the  fleet,  augmented  with 
several  prizes,  consisting  in  all  of  twenty-three  vessels  and  sixteen  hundred 
men,  proceeded  thither.  Arriving  at  the  Narrows,  the  sheep  and  cattle  of 
Governor  Lovelace,  on  Staten  Island,  afforded  them  an  acceptable  break- 
fast. They  were  heartily  welcomed  by  their  fellow  countrymen.  Lovelace 
was  absent  in  New  Haven.  Upon  the  demand  of  the  authorities  why  they 
had  come  to  disturb  His  Majesty's  subjects,  they  briefly  answered  that  they 
had  come  to  take  the  place.  This  was  easily  accomplished,  and  the  flag  of 
Holland  again  fluttered  over  New  Netherland.  During  the  fourteen  months 
of  the  restored  Dutch  sway  everything  was  again  put  upon  a  Dutch  footing. 
Anthony  Colve  was  appointed  Governor.  The  Duke's  proprietary  govern- 
ment of  New  York  was  extinguished,  as  well  as  that  of  Carteret  and  Berke- 
ley in  New  Jersey.  Names  of  places  were  changed  to  Dutch  names,  and 
the  Dutch  Church  was  re-established ;  but  freedom  of  religion  was  granted 
to  all  the  English  towns  on  Long  Island  and  in  New  Jersey  whose  delegates 
appeared  before  the  Dutch  authorities  and  sought  this  boon.0  Joyfully 
again  did  Van  Nieuwenhuysen  perform  the  services  of  religion  in  the  old 
stone  church  in  the  fort,  under  the  flag  of  his  Fatherland,  without  being 
followed  by  an  English  chaplain.  Polhemus  was  yet  ministering  on  Long 
Island,  and  Schaats  at  Albany.  Blom  had  left  Esopus  in  1667  and  returned 
home.  Drisius  had  died  a  few  months  before.  There  were  only  three 
Dutch  ministers  in  the  province.  Holland  hoped  for  a  brief  season  that 
although  the  colony  had  languished  under  the  rule  of  the  West  India  Com- 
pany it  might  thrive  with  new  vigor  when  belonging  to  the  Dutch  Republic, 
and  that  a  worthy  Dutch  state  might  yet  grow  up  between  the  Puritans  and 
Cavaliers  to  teach  genuine  lessons  of  religious  liberty.  But  Providence 
ordered  otherwise.  By  the  Treaty  of  Westminster,  in  1674,7  New  Nether- 
land was  restored  to  England  by  the  States-General.  When  this  became 
known  there  was  great  indignation  in  New  Netherland.  To  guard  their 
interests  as  much  as  possible,  the  Consistory  of  the  Dutch  Church  in  New 
York  asked  Governor  Colve  to  reconfirm  to  them  the  old  stone  church  in 
the  fort,  according  to  the  original  articles  of  surender.  This  was  done  by 
a  formal  deed,  dated  July  23,  1674. 

On  Oct.  27.  1674,  before  the  surrender,  Colve  requested:8  "4.  Thai  the 
inhabitants  of  the  Dutch  nation  may  be  allowed  to  retain  their  customary 
church  privileges  in  Divine  service  and  church  discipline,  besides  their 
fathers'  laws  and  customs  ia  the  division  of  their  inheritances.  5.  That 
they  may  be  excused  from  impressment,  at  least  against  their  own  nation." 

To  these  Governor  Andros  replied :  "To  the  4th.  The  usual  discipline  of 
their  church  to  be  continued  to  them  as  formerly,  and  the  other  of  inher- 
itances as  far  as  I  may,  and  for  those  that  shall  desire  it.  To  the  5th,  I 
have  neither  orders  nor  directions,"  etc. 

New  Netherland  now  became  again  the  property  of  the  King  of  Great 
Britain.  He  gave  a  new  patent  to  the  Duke  of  York  for  the  territory  be- 
fore given  him.     But  these  circumstances,  the  reconquest  of  New  Nether- 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  51 

land  by  the  Dutch,  and  its  resurrender  by  the  States-General,  modified, 
more  or  less,  the  English  claim  to  the  territory  by  right  of  discovery,  as 
well  as  the  application  of  the  English  legal  and  ecclesiastical  system  by  vir- 
tue of  the  same.  The  continued  validity  of  the  Articles  of  Surrender  of 
1664  was  also  not  unquestioned.  But  now  begins  the  real  struggle  of  the 
Dutch  against  the  establishment  of  a  church  which  was  foreign  to  them,  and 
which  did  not  represent  a  tithe  of  the  inhabitants. 


THE  RESTORED  ENGLISH  RULE(  1674)—  GOVERNORS  ANDROS 

AND  DONGAN. 

The  temporary  loss  of  the  province  exerted  an  evil  influence  on  the 
English  Governors.  They  became  more  arbitrary.  The  following  is  the 
only  passage  in  the  Instructions9  to  Governor  Andros  (1674-82)  on  the 
subject  of  religion: 

"You  shall  permit  all  persons  of  what  Religion  soever  quietly  to  inhabit 
within  the  precincts  of  your  jurisdiction  without  giving  them  any  disturb- 
ance or  disquiet  whatsoever  for  or  by  reason  of  their  differing  Opinions  in 
matters  of  Religion,  ProvidecLthey  give  noe  disturbance  to  ye  publick  peace, 
nor  doe  molest  or  disquiet  others  in  ye  free  Exercise  of  their  Religion." 

This  is  most  general  and  admirable  in  itself  considered.  But  it  must  be 
read  in  the  light  of  the  well-known  designs  of  Charles  and  James.  The 
first  thing  Andros  did  was  to  insist  upon  the  Dutch  taking  the  oath  of 
allegiance,  without  any  exception  in  reference  to  freedom  of  religion,  or 
fighting  against  their  own  countrymen  in  time  of  war.10  The  determination 
to  interfere  with  the  religious  rights  of  the  people,  and,  if  possible,  to  im- 
pose Episcopacy  upon  them,  was  becoming  more  apparent.  As  early  as  1675, 
Rev.  Nicholas  van  Rensselaer  appeared  with  a  recommendation  to  Andros 
from  the  Duke  of  York  for  a  living  in  one  of  the  Dutch  churches.  He  was 
at  this  time  an  Episcopalian.  He  had  been  licensed  in  Holland,  indeed,  but 
had  joined  the  train  of  Charles  II.  at  Brussels,  and  predicted  his  restoration 
to  the  throne  of  England.  After  the  restoration,  the  King  in  gratitude  per- 
mitted him  to  preach  to  the  Dutch  congregation  at  Westminster.  He  was 
finally  ordained  a  deacon  by  the  Bishop  of  Salisbury.  On  account  of  the 
complications  of  title  by  the  political  changes,  this  Van  Rensselaer  now 
sought  and  obtained  a  grant  of  the  colony  of  Rensselaerwyck,  being  a  son 
of  the  first  patroon ;  but  he  failed  to  maintain  his  right  to  it.  Meantime 
Governor  Andros  attempted  to  foist  him,  an  Episcopal  Dutchman  and  a 
son  of  the  patroon,  on  the  church  of  Albany  as  a  colleague  of  Domine 
Schaats.  He  was  secretly  installed,  but  an  attempt  to  administer  baptism 
was  stoutly  resisted.  Domine  van  Nieuwenhuysen,  of  New  York,  went  to 
Albany  to  defend  the  rights  of  the  church.  Van  Rensselaer  was  finally 
only  permitted  to  officiate  when  he  promised  to  submit  to  the  Classis  of 
Amsterdam.  The  next  year,  however,  the  Governor  was  compelled  to  re- 
move him  on  account  of  his  scandalous  life.11  Such  was  the  first  encounter, 
and  such  was  the  result. 


52  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 


FIRST  ORDINATION  IN  NEW  YORK. 

Twelve  years  had  passed  away  since  the  original  surrender,  and  only  one 
regular  minister  had  come  from  Holland.  Two  had  died,  and  two  had 
returned  home.  The  Episcopalians  had  only  a  single  clergyman,  the  chap- 
lain of  the  troops.  The  dearth  of  Gospel  privileges  was  severely  felt.  The 
Dutch  and  English  of  Kingston,  therefore,  petitioned12  the  Governor  in 
1676  to  find  means  for  the  ordination  of  Peter  Tesschenmaeker,  a  young 
licensed  bachelor  of  divinity  of  the  University  of  Utrecht.  He  could  use 
both  languages,  and  had  already  been  serving  that  people.  But  the  Gov- 
ernor was  wary  of  meddling  so  soon  again  in  Dutch  Church  affairs,  remem- 
bering the  matter  of  Van  Rensselaer.     No  response  appears. 

Tesschenmaeker  then  went  to  Dutch  Guiana,  or  Surinam,  for  a  couple 
of  years,  and  he  reappeared  in  Delaware.  The  people  of  New  Castle  now 
request  the  Dutch  clergy  to  meet  as  a  Classis  and  ordain  him.  The  min- 
isters were,  of  course,  disposed  to  help  this  people  to  the  Gospel,  and  the 
Governor  was  disposed  to  strengthen  this  distant  colony.  Understanding 
the  general  feeling,  he  now  ventured  to  authorize  and  direct  the  Dutch 
clergy  to  do  this.  Accordingly,  Van  Nieuwenhuysen,  Schaats,  Van  Gaas- 
beek,  and  Van  Zuuren  actually  formed  a  Classis  (1679)  and  examined  and 
ordained  this  proponent,  or  licentiate,  as  a  minister  for  New  Castle.  Re- 
ports of  their  action,  official  and  unofficial,  were  sent  to  the  Classis;  and, 
considering  all  the  circumstances,  especially  the  great  necessity  of  more 
ministers,  the  Classis  approved  of  this  ordination.18  But  thirty  years  later 
Domines  du  Bois  and  Antonides  refused  to  obey  a  mandate  of  Governor 
Nicholson  to  ordain  Van  Vleck  as  a  chaplain  to  go  with  the  Dutch  troops 
to  Canada. 

GENERAL  RELIGIOUS  CONDITION. 

In  1677,  in  a  memorial,  the  Bishop  of  London  complains  that  the  King's 
rights  of  patronage  to  present  to  all  benefices  and  cures  of  souls  is  not  duly 
asserted  and  practiced  by  the  Governors  in  the  several  plantations."  The 
Governor's  report  of  the  province  in  167815  says  that  ministers  are  very 
few,  but  religions  very  many;  that  no  account  can  be  given  of  births  or 
baptisms ;  that  justices  are  often  obliged  to  perform  the  marriage  ceremony; 
that  there  is  only  one  congregation  of  the  Church  of  England,  but  that 
there  are  several  Presbyterian  and  Independent  Churches,  as  well  as 
Quakers,  Anabaptists,  and  Jews.  The  Duke  maintained  a  chaplain.  In  all 
there  were  about  twenty  churches,  of  which  about  one-half  were  without 
ministers.  The  people  supported  their  ministers  by  free  gifts,  amounting 
to  from  £40  to  £70  per  year,  besides  a  house  and  garden.  More  than  half 
the  churches  above  alluded  to  under  the  name  of  Presbyterian  were  Dutch 
Reformed  Churches. 

DEMAND  FOR  A  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY. 

Immediately  after  the  arrival  of  Governor  Andros,  in  1674,  the  people 
had  again  expressed  their  earnest  desire  for  a  General  Assembly  of  repre- 
sentatives of  the  people;  but  the  Duke  opposed  it.    It  was  not  until  the 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  53 

year  1682  that  he  reluctantly  consented.  He  was  also  stimulated  in  his 
apprehension  of  duty  in  this  matter  by  the  question  of  his  ability  without 
such  assembly  to  levy  a  tariff.  Dongan,  a  Roman  Catholic,  was  now  com- 
missioned18 as  Governor  (1682-88),  and  in  his  Instructions17  he  was  author- 
ized to  announce  the  Duke's  pleasure,  and  to  convene  a  general  assembly  of 
the  people. 

Pending  this  event,  the  return  of  Rev.  Henry  Selyns  to  America  and  the 
arrival  of  many  Huguenots  exerted  a  marked  influence  on  the  development 
and  prosperity  of  the  church.  Selyns  took  the  place  of  the  departed  Van 
Nieuwenhuysen.18  He  possessed  in  an  eminent  degree  that  rare  combina- 
tion of  faculties  which  unites  the  zeal  of  the  preacher  seeking  the  salvation 
of  souls  with  the  prudence  of  the  presbyter  looking  after  the  temporalities  of 
the  flock.  He  was  systematic,  energetic,  and  industrious  in  his  ministerial 
and  pastoral  duties.  He  greatly  enlarged  the  activities  of  the  church,  and 
secured  for  it  a  permanent  and  independent  foundation.  He  was  also  of 
a  catholic  spirit  when  liberality  was  not  so  common,  speaking  kindly  of 
other  denominations  and  rejoicing  in  their  success.  His  amiable  character 
endeared  him  to  all  around  him.  He  was  on  terms  of  friendship  with  the 
heads  of  government,  and  in  correspondence  with  distinguished  men  in  the 
neighboring  colonies.  He  was  also  a  poet,  versifying  in  both  Latin  and 
Dutch.  Cotton  Mather  remarks  of  him :  "He  had  so  nimble  a  faculty  of 
putting  his  devout  thoughts  into  verse  that  he  signalized  himself  by  the 
greatest  frequency,  perhaps,  which  ever  man  used,  of  sending  poems  to  all 
persons,  in  all  places,  on  all  occasions ;  and  in  this,  as  well  as  upon  greater 
accounts,  was  a  David  unto  the  flocks  of  our  Lord  in  the  wilderness.'"9 

In  writing  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  (October,  1683)  Selyns  gave  an 
interesting  account  of  provincial  church  affairs,  alluding  to  the  different 
churches  and  ministers  then  in  the  country.  Tesschenmaeker  was  at 
Schenectady;  Dellius,  afterward  famous  in  the  great  land  grants,  had  just 
come  over  the  sea  to  become  the  colleague  of  Schaats  at  Albany;  Week- 
stein  was  at  Kingston,  and  Van  Zuuren  on  Long  Island.  A  stone  parson- 
age20 was  in  course  of  erection  in  New  York,  "three  stories  high,  and  raised 
on  the  foundation  of  unmerited  love."  Domine  Pierre  Daille,  late  professor 
at  Saumur,  was  preaching  to  the  Huguenots  in  New  York.  "He  is  full  of 
fire,  godliness,  and  learning.  Banished  on  account  of  his  religien,  he  main- 
tains the  cause  of  Jesus  Christ  with  untiring  zeal."  Rev.  John  Gordon*1 
officiated  in  the  fort  for  the  English,  and  Daille  followed  him  for  the 
French ;  but  Selyns  himself  hedged  about  both  these  services  by  two  ser- 
mons in  Dutch.  Governor  Dongan  had  recently  arrived — a  polite  and 
friendly  man,  who  had  called  on  Selyns  and  informed  him  that  the  Duke 
intended  to  allow  full  liberty  of  conscience.  "What  is  to  be  done  for  the 
good  of  our  country  and  church  will  be  made  manifest  in  the  approaching 
assembly,  which  is  summoned  to  devise  reasonable  laws  for  us  and  our 
posterity." 

The  Classis,  however,  was  aware  of  the  lurking  dangers.  In  writing  to 
the  church  of  New  Castle  in  July,  1683,  where  some  strife  had  broken  out, 
the  Classis  says :  "We  know  that  the  churches  of  New  Netherland  are  at 
present  under  the  dominion  of  the  English  nation ;  and  we  also  know  what 


54  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

efforts  are  at  present  being  put  forth  at  London  to  extend  the  Episcopal 
form  of  government  everywhere.  Indeed,  we  are  informed  that  there  are 
now  Commissioners  at  London  from  New  Netherland,  to  request  the  estab- 
lishment of  Episcopacy  among  you.  This  may  be  accomplished  with  far 
more  propriety,  if  there  appears  to  be  a  special  necessity  for  it,  in  order  to 
quiet  excitement  in  your  churches  by  Episcopal  authority.  But  how  sad  it 
would  be  for  Christians  of  the  true  Reformed  Faith,  to  give  any  occasion 
for  such  a  change.  Thereby  the  liberty  of  the  church  would  be  curtailed 
and  the  purity  of  religious  services  be  endangered.  A  church  would  then 
ho  longer  be  permitted  to  choose  such  a  pastor  as  they  wished,  but  he  would 
be  such  a  one  as  was  sent  to  them." 

THE  HUGUENOTS. 

The  French  pastor,  Daille,  above  alluded  to  by  Selyns,  was  the  fore- 
runner of  a  large  French  immigration.  Not  a  few  Huguenots  and  Wal- 
loons had  already  come  over  in  anticipation  of  the  revocation  of  the  Edict 
of  Nantes.  This  infamous  act  was,  however,  a  great  boon  to  America.  It 
gave  her  thousands  of  excellent  citizens,  representing  the  intelligence  and 
piety  and  skill  of  France.22  They  settled  in  New  York,  on  Staten  Island, 
at  Hackensack,  Bushwyck,  Haarlem,  Rye,  New  Rochelle,  and  New  Paltz. 
Many  of  them  went  to  Massachusetts,  Virginia,  South  Carolina,  and  else- 
where. Huguenot  names  are  famous  in  our  country's  history,  such  as 
Duche,  Laurens,  Jay,  Boudinot,  Bayard,  Montague,  Du  Bois,  Le  Fevre. 
Hasbroucq,  Bevier,  Bleecker,  De  Lancy,  Vermilye,  Demarest,  Bethune,  and 
perhaps  hundreds  of  others.  Rev.  Pierre  Daille  was  called  by  the  New 
York  Consistory,  in  1682,  to  preach  to  the  French.  He  arrived  in  1683, 
and  was  the  first  Huguenot  pastor  in  New  York.  He  had  been  a  professor 
at  the  celebrated  theological  school  at  Saumur,  which  was  destroyed  by 
order  of  Louis  XIV.  in  1683.  Besides  officiating  in  New  York,  whither 
came  the  scattered  Huguenots  on  Sundays  from  a  score  of  miles  around, 
he  also  went  twice  a  year  to  New  Paltz,  to  supply  that  people  with  the 
bread  of  life.  Pastor  Peiret  arrived  in  1687,  and  became  a  colleague.  This 
gave  Daille  the  opportunity  to  itinerate  among  his  scattered  countrymen 
more  largely.  In  1688  they  were  numerous  and  strong  enough  to  build  for 
themselves  a  house  of  worship  in  Marketfield  Street  in  New  York.  Upon 
the  arrival  of  De  bon  Repos,  who  took  charge  of  the  French  on  Staten 
Island  and  at  New  Paltz,  Daille  accepted  a  call  of  the  Huguenots  in  Boston 
in  1696,  where  he  labored  until  his  death,  in  1715.  Besides  the  Dutch  min- 
isters who  preached  occasionally  in  French,  as  Michaelius,  Drisius,  and 
Selyns,  the  earlier  French  pastors  were  Daille,  Bondet,  Vanden  Bosch. 
Peiret,  De  bon  Repos,  Rou,  Moulinar,  Carle,  and  Tetard.23  Several  of 
these  French  churches  and  pastors  subsequently  conformed  to  the  Church 
of  England. 

THE  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY  AND  THE  CHARTER  OF  LIBERTIES. 

Dongan's  commission"  as  Governor  of  New  York  is  dated  Sept.  30,  1682. 
The  Instructions"  given  to  him   (January,  1683)   directed  him  to  convene 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  55 

a  general  assembly  by  the  votes  of  the  people.  This  assembly  should  con- 
sider, in  connection  with  the  Governor  and  his  council,  what  laws  were 
necessary  for  the  good  of  the  colony;  and  if  they  "shall  appear  for  the 
manifest  good  of  the  country,  and  not  prejudicial  to  me,  I  will  assent  unto 
and  confirm  them,"  said  the  Duke.  The  arrival  of  several  Jesuits  in  New 
York,  in  connection  with  the  arrival  of  Dongan,  was  far  from  agreeable  to 
the  people. 

On  Oct.  17,  1683,  the  representatives  of  the  people,  a  large  majority  of 
them  being  Dutch,  met  for  the  first  time  in  a  general  assembly  "under 
British  rule.  They  immediately  passed  the  Charter  of  Liberties,  which 
was  approved  by  the  Governor.  The  design  was  to  secure  a  permanent 
representative  assembly,  to  restrict  the  powers  of  the  Governor  and  to 
secure  the  rights  of  the  people:  "For  the  better  establishing  the  govern- 
ment of  this  Province  of  New  Yorke,  and  that  Justice  and  Right  may  bee 
equally  done  to  all  persons  within  the  same,"  the  charter  enacted  "That 
the  Supreme  Legislative  authority,  under  his  Majesty  and  Royal  Highness 
James,  Duke  of  York,  Albany,  etc.,  Lord  Proprietor  of  the  said  Province, 
shall  forever  bee  and  reside  in  a  Governour,  Councell.  and  The  People, 
mett  in  a  General  Assembly."     In  reference  to  religion  it  said: 

"That  no  person  or  persons,  which  proffesse  ffaith  in  God  by  Jesus  Christ, 
shall,  at  any  time,  be  any  wayes  molested,  punished,  disquieted  or  called  in 
question  for  any  difference  in  opinion  or  matter  of  religious  concernment,, 
who  do  nott  actually  disturbe  the  civill  peace  of  the  province,  butt  thatt  all' 
and  every  such  person  or  p'sons  may,  from  time,  and  at  all  times  freely  have 
and  fully  enjoy,  his  or  her  judgments  or  consciences  in  matters  of  religion' 
throughout  all  the  province,  they  behaving  themselves  peaceably  and  quietly, 
and  nott  using  this  liberty  to  Lycenciousnesse,  nor  to  the  civil  injury  or 
outward  disturbance  of  others.  .  .  .  And  whereas  all  the  respective 
Christian  Churches  now  in  practice  in  the  Citty  of  New  Yorke,  and  the 
other  places  of  this  province,  do  appear  to  bee  priviledged  Churches,  and 
have  been  so  established  and  confirmed  by  the  former  authority  of  this 
Government:  Bee  it  hereby  enacted  by  this  present  Generall  Assembly, 
and  by  the  Authority  thereof,  That  all  the  said  respective  Christian 
Churches  be  hereby  confirmed  therein,  and  thatt  they  and  every  one  of  them 
shall,  from  henceforth  forever,  be  held  and  reputed  as  privileged  churches, 
and  enjoy  all  their  former  freedomes  of  their  religion  in  divine  worship 
and  church  discipline;  .  .  .  Provided  allso,  that  all  other  Christian 
Churches  that  shall  hereafter  come  and  settle  within  this  province  shall 
have  the  same  priviledges."  This  last  clause  was  evidently  forced  upon  the 
assembly  for  the  purpose  of  admitting  Romanism. 

Taxation  only  by  consent  was  also  incorporated  in  this  charter.  This 
principle  Holland  had  already  maintained  for  more  than  two  centuries. 
"The  People"  were  also  made  a  constituent  part  of  the  assembly  by  their 
chosen  representatives. 


'Col.  Docs.,  Vol.  iii,  pp.  74-76. 

"Col.  Docs.,  Vol.  iii,  pp.  57-61. 

aDoc.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  Vol.  i,  p.  249;  Brodhead's  "New  York,"  Vol.  li,  p.  44. 

4Col.  Docs.,  Vol.  Iii,  p.  189. 


56  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

6Col.  Docs.,  Vol.  iii,  pp.  199-227;  Doc.  Hist.,  Vol.  iii,  pp.  45-65;  Amst.  Cor. 
"Col.  Docs.,  Vol.  ii,  pp.  575-576,  581. 

7In  this  same  year  the  old  West  India  Company  was  finally  dissolved.  In 
1675  a  new  company  was  formed  on  a  much  reduced  hasis,  and  which  continued 
in  existence  until  1800,  when,  with  the  destruction  of  the  Dutch  Republic  by 
the  French  Revolution,  both  the  East  and  West  India  companies  were  swept 
out  of  existence. 

8Doc.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  4to  ed.,  Vol.  iii,  p.  49. 

•Col.  Docs.,  Vol.  iii,  p.  218. 

10Col.  Docs.,  Vol.  ii,  pp.  740-746 — an  interesting  petition  and  correspondence 
on  this  subject.     See  also  Doc.  Hist,  of  N.  Y.,  4to  ed.,  Vol.  iii,  p.  49. 

"Col.  Hist.,  Vol.  iii,  p.  225;  Doc.  Hist.,  Vol.  iii,  pp.  434,  526-8,  530;  Smith's 
"New  York,"  pp.  63,  64;  Brodhead's  "New  York,"  Vol.  ii,  index;  Amst.  Cor. 

"Doc.  Hist,  Vol.  iii,  p.  583. 

"Letters  under  date. 

"Col.  Docs.,  Vol.  iii,  p.  253. 

"Doc.  Hist.,  Vol.  i,  pp.  60-62.     Col.  Docs.,  Vol.  iii,  262. 

"Col.  Docs.,  Vol.  iii,  p.  328. 

"Ibid.,  p.  331. 

"•An  act  was  passed,  February  21,  1682,  permitting  the  Church  of  New  York 
to  call  Selyns.     See  also  Amst.  Cor.,  Letters  under  date. 

"See  Hon.  H.  C.  Murphy's  "Anthology  of  New  Netherland";  and  Selyns' 
Latin  Poem  in  honor  of  Mather's  Magnalia,  in  Vol.  i. 

MAn  act  was  passed  November  15,  1682,  permitting  the  building  of  a  parsonage. 

"Chaplains  to  the  English  forces:  1664-78,  unknown;  Rev.  Chas.  Wolley, 
1678-80;  Rev.  John  Gordon,  1683-84;  Rev.  Josias  Clarke,  1684-86;  Rev.  Alex. 
Innes,  1686-90;  Rev.  John  Miller,  1692-95. 

^See  Vermilye's  "Huguenot  Element  Among  the  Dutch,"  in  "Centennial  Dis- 
courses" (1876);  Baird's  Daille";  Demarest's  "Huguenots  on  the  Hackeneack"; 
also  "Proceedings  of  Huguenot  Society  of  America";  Riker's  "History  of  Har- 
lem"; Charles  W.  Baird's  "Huguenots  in  America." 

-fFor  details  see  Manual. 

"Col.  Docs.,  Vol.  iii,  p.  323. 

^Tbid.,   p.  331. 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERK  A.  57 


CHAPTEE  IV. 

THE  CHURCH  DURING  THE  ADMINISTRATION  OF  JAMES  AS 

KING— JAMES  II.    (1685-88),  GOVERNORS  DONGAN 

AND  ANDROS. 


REPEAL  OF  THE  CHARTER  OF  LIBERTIES. 

With  the  passage  of  the  Charter  of  Liberties  everything  looked  favorable 
for  the  greatest  religious  freedom  in  New  York.  All  acts  of  the  assembly, 
after  the  Governor's  signature,  were  valid  unless  subsequently  vetoed  by  the 
Duke.  The  "Charter  of  Franchises  and  Priviledges"  was  duly  sent  to  the 
Duke.  In  May,  1684,  he  wrote  to  Dongan  favorably  concerning  it,  and 
said  that  if  any  amendments  were  made  they  would  be  more  advantageous 
to  the  people !  On  Oct.  4,  1684,  James  actually  signed  this  charter,  and  it 
was  ordered  to  be  sent  to  New  York  to  be  there  put  on  record.  But  just 
at  this  juncture,  before  it  was  sent,  Charles  II.  died  (Feb.  6,  1685),  and 
James  became  King,  and  everything  was  changed. 

"The  question  now  arose  whether  the  English  system  of  representation  in 
Parliament  should  prevail  in  America,  or  whether  the  colonists  should  be 
governed  directly  by  the  Crown.  Popular  assemblies  had  been  permitted 
in  many  of  the  colonies ;  but  with  the  accession  of  James  opposite  counsels 
began  to  prevail.  The  New  York  charter  had  not  been  perfected  by  de- 
livery and  registry.  Its  transmission  was  now  suspended.  For  twenty 
years  New  York  had  been  a  dukedom ;  now  it  became  a  royal  province. 
The  charter  seemed  to  give  more  privileges  to  New  York  than  were  en- 
joyed by  any  other  province.  "The  People"  were  recognized  as  an  equal 
factor  in  the  government.  No  other  American  charter  had  just  such  an 
expression.  The  charter  recognized  a  Lord  Proprietor,  indeed,  but  this 
Lord  Proprietor  had  now  become  the  sovereign,  and  it  did  not  seem  proper 
to  the  sovereign  to  complete  the  work — to  allow  the  charter  to  be  sent  to 
New  York  for  registry.  At  a  meeting  of  the  Plantation  Committee  on 
March  3,  1685,  he  did  not  withdraw  his  signature  or  formally  veto  New 
York's  charter.  Indeed,  he  allowed  it  temporarily  to  remain  in  force. 
But  in  the  new  Secret  Instructions  sent  by  James,  as  King,  to  Governor 
Dongan,  May  29,  1686,  he  annulled  the  Charter  of  Liberties.  He  writes : 
"12.  And  whereas  wee  have  been  presented  with  a  Bill  or  Charter  passed 
in  ye  late  Assembly  of  New  York,  containing  several  ffranchises,  priv- 
ileges, &  Immunitys  mentioned  to  be  granted  to  the  Inhabitants  of  our  sd 
province,  You  are  to  Declare  Our  Will  and  pleasure  that  ye  said  Bill  or 
Charter  of  Franchises  bee  forthwith  repealed  &  disallowed,  as  ye  same  is 


58  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

hereby  Repealed,  determined  &  made  void;"  but  they  were  to  continue  the 
duties  and  impositions  mentioned  in  said  charter. 

His  Instructions  in  reference  to  religious  matters  are  as  follows:' 

"31.  You  shall  take  especiall  care  that  God  Almighty  bee  devoutly  and 
duely  served  throughout  yor  Government :  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer, 
as  it  is  now  established,  read  each  Sunday  and  Holyday,  and  the  Blessed 
Sacrament  administered  according  to  the  Rites  of  the  Church  of  England. 
You  shall  be  careful  that  the  Churches  already  built  there  shall  bee  well 
and  orderly  kept  and  more  built  as  ye  Colony  shall,  by  God's  blessing,  bee 
improved.  And  that  besides  a  competent  maintenance  to  bee  assigned  to 
ye  Minister  of  each  Church,  a  convenient  House  bee  built  at  the  Comon 
charge  for  each  Minister,  and  a  competent  Proportion  of  Land  assigned 
him  for  a  Glebe  and  exercise  of  his  Industry. 

"32.  And  you  are  to  take  care  that  the  Parishes  bee  so  limited  &  setled 
as  you  shall  find  most  convenient  for  ye  accomplishing  this  good  work. 

"33.  Our  will  and  pleasure  is  that  noe  minister  bee  preferred  by  you  to 
any  Ecclesiastical  Benefice  in  that  Our  Province,  without  a  Certificate  from 
ye  most  Reverend  the  Lord  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  of  his  being  con- 
formable to  ye  Doctrine  and  Discipline  of  the  Church  of  England,  and  of 
a  good  life  &  conversation. 

"34.  And  if  any  person  preferred  already  to  a  Benefice  shall  appear  to 
you  to  give  scandal  either  by  his  Doctrin  or  Manners,  you  are  to  use  the 
best  means  for  ye  removal  of  him ;  and  to  supply  the  vacancy  in  such  man- 
ner as  wee  have  directed.  And  alsoe  our  pleasure  is  that,  in  the  direction 
of  all  Church  Affairs,  the  Minister  bee  admitted  into  the  respective  vestrys. 

"35.  And  to  th'  end  the  Ecclesiastical  Jurisdiction  of  the  said  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury  may  take  place  in  that  Our  Province  as  farr  as  conveniently 
may  bee,  wee  doe  think  fitt  that  you  give  all  countenance  and  encourage- 
ment in  ye  exercise  of  the  same ;  excepting  only  the  Collating  to  Benefices, 
granting  licenses  for  Marriage,  and  Probat  of  Wills,  which  wee  have  re- 
served to  you  our  Govr  &  to  ye  Commander  in  cheif  for  the  time  being. 

"36.  And  you  are  to  take  especial  care,  that  a  Table  of  marriages  estab- 
lished by  ye  Canons  of  the  Church  of  England,  bee  hung  up  in  all  Orthodox 
Churches  and  duly  observed. 

"37.  And  you  are  to  take  care  that  Books  of  Homilys  &  Books  of  the 
39  Articles  of  ye  Church  of  England  bee  disposed  of  to  every  of  ye  said 
Churches,  &  that  they  bee  only  kept  and  used  therein. 

"38.  And  wee  doe  further  direct  that  noe  Schoolmaster  bee  henceforth 
permitted  to  come  from  England  &  to  keep  school  within  Our  Province  of 
New-York,  without  the  license  of  the  said  Archbishop  of  Canterbury ;  And 
that  noe  other  person  now  there  or  that  shall  come  from  other  parts,  bee 
admitted  to  keep  school  without  your  license  first  had. 

"39.  You  are  to  take  care  that  Drunkeness  and  Debauchery,  Swearing 
and  blasphemy  bee  severely  punisht ;  And  that  none  bee  admitted  to  pub- 
lick  trust  &  Imploymt  whose  ill  fame  &  conversation  may  bring  scandal 

thereupon.     .     .     . 

******* 

"42.  You  shall  permit  all  persons  of  what  Religion  soever  quietly  to  in- 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  59 

habit  within  yor  Government  without  giving  them  any  disturbance  or  dis- 
quiet whatsoever  for  or  by  reason  of  their  differing  Opinions  in  matters  of 
Religion,  Provided  they  give  noe  disturbance  to  ye  publick  peace,  nor  doe 
molest  or  disquiet  others  in  ye  free  Exercise  of  their  Religion." 

Such  Instructions,  coming  from  the  Catholic  James,  "Defender  of  the 
Faith"  of  Episcopalians,  directed  to  a  Catholic  Governor,  in  order  to  secure 
the  celebration  of  the  ordinances  of  the  Church  of  England  in  a  colony 
nine-tenths  of  whose  people  were  of  the  Reformed  Church — such  Instruc- 
tions in  connection  with  such  conditions  constitute  a  combination  of  circum- 
stances sufficiently  ludicrous.  Then,  moreover,  there  was  but  a  handful  of 
Episopalians,  and  these  had  not  a  church  edifice  in  the  entire  province,  but 
were  indebted  to  the  courtesy  of  the  Dutch  for  the  use  of  "The  Church  in 
the  Fort"  for  their  services.  It  will  also  be  observed  from  some  of  the 
above  articles  that  New  York  is  now  placed  under  the  care  of  the  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury  (Sancroft).  The  Bishop  of  London"  (Compton), 
who  had  formerly  had  charge,  had  offended  James  by  opposing  his  attempts 
to  abrogate  the  Test  Act.  But  the  Archbishop  would  hardly  be  called  on  to 
give  many  certificates  to  ministers  or  schoolmasters  for  many  years  to 
come.  Indeed,  the  charter  of  the  Dutch  Church  of  New  York,  extorted 
from  the  Governor  ten  years  later,  annulled  all  such  provisions  in  reference 
to  that  church;  and  in  the  course  of  time  the  same  were  annulled  in  refer- 
ence to  all  the  Dutch  churches  of  the  land. 

And  then  the  last  article  (42)  of  those  Instructions,  so  commendable  in 
itself  as  granting  universal  toleration,  loses  a  good  deal  of  its  character 
when  we  remember  that,  contrary  to  his  oath,  it  was  designed  mainly  to 
pave  the  way  for  the  entrance  of  Catholicism  into  New  York.  Religious 
toleration  was  ostensibly  perfect  in  New  York  under  Dongan,  but  with  a 
specific  object  in  view.  Several  Jesuit  fathers  now  lived  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  and  Dongan  had  his  own  chapel  and  worship  under  Father  Harvey. 
He  also  tried  to  establish  colonies  of  Catholics  at  Saratoga  and  in  central 
New  York,  and  to  send  English  priests  to  the  Indians.  The  correspond- 
ence between  Dongan  and  Denonville,  Governor  of  Canada,  on  the  subject 
of  these  Jesuit  missions,  is  interesting  and  amusing.  One  of  these  fathers 
also  attempted  a  Latin  school  in  New  York,  and  the  bell  of  the  Dutch 
Church  was  rung  at  the  hour  of  opening.  But  none  of  these  efforts  suc- 
ceeded. The  only  results,  ultimately,  were  the  excitements  against  the 
Catholics  in  the  Leisler  troubles;  and  the  law  of  1700,  banishing  all  Jesuits, 
and  forbidding  the  exercise  of  Romish  worship  in  the  province  of  New 
York,  under  severe  penalties,  and  which  continued  in  force  until  the  Amer- 
ican Revolution.  It  was  Dongan,  however,  who  gave  charters  to  New 
York  and  Albany  in  1686. 

Some  of  the  Instructions,  however,  had  a  specially  humane  tendency: 
"60.  You  shall  pass  a  Law  for  the  Restraining  of  Inhuman  Severitys  which 
by  all  masters  or  overseers  may  be  used  toward  their  Christian  servants  or 
slaves."  The  willful  killing  of  Indians  or  Negroes  was  to  be  punished  by 
death,  and  a  penalty  was  to  be  fixed  for  maiming  them.  The  Governor 
was  also  directed  to  find  out  the  best  means  to  facilitate  and  encourage  the 


60  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

conversion  of  Negroes  and  Indians.  A  severe  censorship  was  exercised 
over  the  press.  At  this  time  the  population  of  New  York  was  about 
eighteen  thousand. 

About  this  time  a  notion  arose  in  several  of  the  plantations  that  Negroes 
ought  not  to  be  baptized,  because  baptism  would  make  them  ipso  facto  free. 
James  insisted,  however,  that  Negroes  should  be  baptized,  and  that  it  was 
impiety  in  their  masters  to  prevent  it.  This  duty  was  often  referred  to  in 
subsequent  instructions  to  Governors,  and  the  duty  was  made  to  apply  to 
Indians  also.  The  records  of  all  the  older  Dutch  churches  show  that  the 
practice  was  common  in  them.  Negroes  were  formally  married  and  their 
children  brought  for  baptism;  and  a  rule  on  the  subject  was  incorporated 
in  the  constitution  of  the  church  at  a  subsequent  time. 

Dongan's  commission  from  James,  as  King,  was  a  couple  of  weeks  later 
than  the  Instructions  above  alluded  to.  It  is  dated  June  10,  1686.  It  thus 
refers  to  religion : 

"And  wee  doe,  by  these  presents  authorize  and  impower  you  to  collate 
any  person  or  persons  in  any  churches,  chapells,  or  other  Ecclesiastical 
Benefices  within  our  said  Province  and  Territorys  aforesaid  as  often  as 
any  of  them  shall  happen  to  bee  void."8 

"And  wee  doe  by  these  presents  will,  require  and  command  you  to  take 
all  possible  care  for  the  Discountenance  of  Vice  and  encouragement  of 
Virtue  and  good  living,  that  by  such  example  the  Infidels  may  bee  invited 
and  desire  to  partake  of  the  Christian  Religion."* 

Dongan  made  a  report  in  1686  of  the  state  of  the  province.    He  said  that 
in  seven  years  not  more  than  twenty  families  had  come  over  from  Great 
Britain.    On  Long  Island  the  population  increased  rapidly.     Many  French 
families  were  coming  over,  and  several  Dutch  families  had  come.     On  ac- 
count of  so  many  foreigners,  he  said,  it  was  important  to  unite  New  York 
and  New  England.     He  continues:  "Every  town  ought  to  have  a  minister. 
New  York  has,  first,  a  Chaplain6  belonging  to  the  Fort,  of  the  Church  of 
England;    secondly,    a    Dutch    Calvinist;0    thirdly,    a    French    Calvinist;7 
fourthly,  a  Dutch  Lutheran.8    Here  bee  not  many  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land;  few  Roman  Catholicks ;  abundance  of  Quaker  preachers,  men.  and 
Women   especially;    Singing   Quakers;    Ranting   Quakers;    Sabbatarians; 
Anti-Sabbatarians;  some  Anabaptists;  some  Jews;  in  short,  of  all  sorts  of 
opinions  there  are  some,  and  the  most  part  of  none  at  all.     The  Great 
Church  which  serves  both  the  English  and  the  Dutch  is  within  the  Fort, 
which  is  found  to  be  very  inconvenient.     Therefore,  I  desire  that  there  may 
bee  an  order  for  their  building  another;  ground  being  already  layd  out  for 
that  purpose,  and  they  not  wanting  money  in  store  wherewithall  to  build  it. 
The  most  prevailing  opinion  is  that  of  the  Dutch  Calvinists.     It  is  the  en- 
deavor of  all  persons  here  to  bring  up  their  children  and  servants  in  that 
opinion  which  themselves  profess;  but  this  I  observe,  that  they  take  no 
care  of  the  conversion  of  their  slaves.     Every  town  and  county  are  obliged 
to  maintain  their  own  poor,  which  makes  them  bee  soe  careful    that  noe 
vagabonds,  beggars,  nor  idle  persons  are  suffered  to  live  here.     But  as  for 
the  King's  natural-born  subjects  that  live  on  Long  Island  and  other  parts 
of  Government,  I  find  it  a  hard  task  to  make  them  pay  their  ministers."* 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  6l 

It  was  not  until  January,  1687,  nearly  two  years  after  James  came  to  the 
throne,  that  Dongan  issued  a  proclamation  that  the  General  Assemhly  was 
dissolved  and  the  Charter  of  Liberties  annulled,  by  order  of  the  King.  He 
seems  to  have  delayed  giving  the  information  to  the  people  as  long  as  pos- 
sible. The  Governor  and  council  now  assumed  all  authority.  New  York 
was  again  a  helpless,  conquered  province.  Its  people  had  no  voice  in  legis- 
lation or  taxation.     The  condition  was  a  sure  forerunner  of  revolution. 

UNION  OF  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ENGLAND. 

James  now  determined  to  unite  New  York  and  New  England  under  one 
Governor.  Dongan,  who  had  been  a  good  Governor,  was  accordingly  dis- 
missed April,  1688.  Andros,  who  had  been  Governor  of  New  England 
since  1686,  now  had  New  York  and  New  Jersey  annexed  to  his  territory. 
In  a  new  Commission  to  him  over  this  enlarged  field  (April  7,  1688)  noth- 
ing is  said  about  religion ;  in  the  Secret  Instructions  to  him  (April  16, 
1688)  only  the  following  is  found  :10 

"You  are  to  take  care  that  drunkenness  and  debauchery,  swearing  and 
blasphemy,  be  severely  punished ;  and  that  none  be  admitted  to  publick 
trusts  and  imployments  whose  ill  fame  and  conversation  may  bring  a 
scandall  thereupon. 

"You  are  to  permit  a  liberty  of  conscience  in  matters  of  religion  to  all 
persons,  so  they  be  contented  with  a  quiet  and  peaceable  enjoyment  of  it, 
pursuant  to  our  gracious  declaration  bearing  date  the  fourth  day  of  April, 
in  the  third  year  of  our  reign ;  wch  you  are  to  cause  to  be  duly  observed  and 
put  in  execution." 

But  there  was  no  honor  in  James  II.,  and  all  parties  finally  united  against 
his  political  and  spiritual  despotism.  As  early  as  June  30,  1688,  a  secret 
invitation  was  sent  to  William  of  Orange,  who  had  married  Mary,  James' 
eldest  daughter,  to  come  to  England  and  save  English  liberty  and  Protest- 
antism. He  arrived  on  Nov.  5,  and  as  he  stepped  on  shore  in  Devonshire, 
his  banner  displayed  his  own  Dutch  arms,  quartered  with  those  of  his 
English  wife,  and  his  unambiguous  motto  now  read  "I  will  maintain  the 
Protestant  Religion  and  the  Liberties  of  England."  le  Mainiiendrai — 
I  will  maintain,  was  the  ancient  legend  of  the  house  of  Nassau.  On  Dec. 
23.  1688,  James  fled  the  country. 

William  had  been  brought  up  in  the  Reformed  Church  of  Holland,  the 
very  church  of  the  Dutch  of  New  York.  He  was,  therefore,  very  tolerant 
in  matters  of  church  government  and  modes  of  worship;  hence  he  could 
easily  become  an  Episcopalian.  In  a  year  the  Act  of  Toleration  was 
passed,  and  received  the  royal  signatures.  While  far  from  an  ideal  law, 
it  was  a  great  advance  in  the  right  direction.  But  this  beginning  of  liberty 
of  conscience  in  England  was  to  be  accompanied  by  a  very  peculiar  and 
unfortunate  episode  in  New  York. 

EPISODE  OF  THE  LEISLER  TROUBLES  (1689-91). 
New  York  was  now  composed  of  a  heterogeneous  population.     It  was 
chiefly  Dutch,  but  there  was  also  a  considerable  French  and  English  ele- 


62  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

ment.  None  of  these  elements  loved  James.  He  had  annulled  their  "Char- 
ter of  Liberties."  The  English  feared  his  secret  design  to  impose  Roman- 
ism on  them ;  while  the  Huguenots11  equally  feared  this,  or  a  possible 
French  invasion  from  Canada,  when  they  might  be  shipped  back  to  France. 
In  any  event,  the  Dutch  were  sure  to  suffer.  What  wonder,  then,  that 
amid  this  general  anxiety,  when  they  heard  of  the  flight  of  James,  all  par- 
ties were  wild  with  joy.  The  accession  of  William  and  Mary  was  hailed 
as  a  day  of  freedom.  New  Netherland  had  been  conquered,  indeed,  by  the 
English,  but  England  herself  now  had  a  Dutch  King.  But  all  the  civil 
officials  of  New  York  were  yet  the  creatures  of  James.  This  was  almost 
unendurable. 

The  people  waited  for  dispatches  appointing  new  officials,  but  they  did 
not  come.  The  officials  and  the  people  were  in  awkward  relations.  The 
citizens  of  Boston  soon  settled  the  matter  by  arresting  Governor  Andros, 
who  had  been  a  willing  tool  of  James  in  all  his  despotic  acts,  and  appointing 
a  Committee  of  Safety.  The  news  of  this  circumstance  did  not  allay  the 
excited  feelings  of  the  heterogeneous  population  of  New  York.  Nicholson 
was  the  Lieutenant-Governor  of  New  York  under  Andros.  His  councilors, 
Philipse,  Van  Courtland,  and  Bayard,  had  also  been  appointed  by  James. 
Ought  these  to  be  allowed  to  govern,  when  the  King  whom  they  repre- 
sented had  been  deposed,  and  his  Governor  was  a  prisoner?  Why  should 
there  not  be  a  Committee  of  Safety  also  in  New  York?  Should  the  repre- 
sentatives of  a  defunct  Papal  King  hold  the  fort  of  a  Protestant  prince? 

The  dismissal  of  a  sentinel  by  Nicholson  brought  on  the  crisis.  The 
soldiers  and  the  citizens  agree  that  the  fort  must  be  held  by  the  friends  of 
William,  their  Dutch  King.  Nicholson  fled,  leaving  what  power  he  could 
in  the  hands  of  his  councilors.  The  counties  elected  a  Committee  of  Safety. 
and  Colonel  Jacob  Leisler  was  apppinted  captain  of  the  fort,  and,  later, 
military  commander  of  the  whole  province.  But  the  old  councilors  stood 
aloof,  and  a  portion  of  the  more  aristocratic  element.  Leisler,  with  his 
party,  was  recognized  by  the  people  generally  as  the  representative  of  Wil- 
liam and  Protestantism,  while  the  opposition  were  declared  to  stand  for 
James  and  Romanism.  Leisler  now  chose  councilors  from  each  of  the 
different  nationalities  in  the  country. 

But  from  the  first,  strange  to  say,  the  Dutch  ministers  stood  by  the  old 
government.  They  had  been  on  terms  of  intimacy  with  the  former  civil 
officials,  some  of  whom  were  members  of  their  churches.  And  even  when 
Leisler's  government  was  established  de  facto,  they  not  only  opposed  it,  but 
preached  against  his  authority.  This  bitterly  excited  Leisler  and  his  party. 
The  people  generally,  in  whom  was  the  very  instinct  of  freedom,  believed 
that  this  was  a  God-given  opportunity  to  establish  a  better  government,  if 
not  to  separate  church  and  state.  With  a  Dutch  King  on  the  throne  in 
England,  what  might  they  not  accomplish?  And  how  could  they  endure 
the  lingering  regime  of  James?  But  the  ministers  of  religion  and  the 
People,  alas !  were  on  opposite  sides,  and  the  results  were  deplorable.  The 
people  refused  their  ministrations,  declined  to  pay  their  salaries,  and  the 
<ie  facto  government  began  to  persecute  and  punish  the  ministers. 

Selyns  committed  no  overt  act  and  was  permitted  to  remain  at  his  post, 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA.  63 

and  was  for  a  time  the  only  Dutch  minister  on  duty  in  the  province.  He 
was,  however,  in  close  communication  and  sympathy  with  the  leaders  of 
the  opposition,  and  was  under  constant  surveillance.  His  services  in  the 
church  were  interrupted  by  Leisler  himself,  and  his  letters  to  Holland  in- 
tercepted. 

Domine  Dellius,  of  Albany,  was  summoned  to  appear  in  New  York  for 
failing  to  recognize  Leisler's  authority.  He  secreted  himself  in  New  Jersey 
and  then  on  Long  Island,  and  was  for  a  time  in  Selyns'  house  in  New  York. 
He  afterward  fled  to  Boston.  Leisler  charged  him  with  being  a  principal 
actor  in  the  French  and.  Indian  difficulties,  and  an  enemy  of  the  Prince  of 
Orange,  because  he  refused  to  recognize  the  revolution.  He  styles  him  a 
cockaran  minister.  He  says  that  he  refused  to  celebrate  a  thanksgiving  day 
for  the  accession  of  William :  that  he  even  shut  his  door  when  the  new 
King  and  Queen  were  proclaimed.  Dellius,  however,  wrote  to  England 
explaining  the  position  of  the  Dutch  clergy.  He  declared  that  it  was  not 
opposition  to  the  Prince  of  Orange,  but  an  unwillingness  to  recognize  a 
government  thus  constituted,  and  with  such  a  man  as  Leisler  at  the  head 
of  it. 

Domine  Varick,  of  Long  Island  (1685-94),  took  similar  ground.  He 
restrained  himself  for  a  long  time,  but  at  length  began  to  denounce  Leisler. 
He  found  it  necessary  to  flee  to  Delaware.  On  his  return  he  was  charged 
with  being  acquainted  with  a  design  to  rescue  the  fort  from  Leisler.  He 
was  dragged  by  a  force  of  armed  men  from  his  house,  and  kept  in  con- 
finement in  the  fort  for  six  months  (1690-91).  He  was  charged,  also,  with 
speaking  treasonable  words  against  Leisler,  and  was  sentenced  to  pay  a 
fine  of  i8o  by  De*la  Noy,  and  to  be  deposed  from  ministerial  functions  and 
kept  in  prison  until  the  fine  was  paid.  Domine  Selyns,  with  great  magna- 
nimity, offered  himself  and  property  as  bail  for  Varick  when  he  was  first 
imprisoned ;  but  he  was  refused  and  threatened  with  imprisonment  himself. 
Varick  was  at  length  released  without  the  payment  of  the  fine,  but  he  ulti- 
mately died  from  the  effects  of  his  ill  treatment. 

It  was  a  great  mistake  in  the  old  councilors,  and  especially  in  the  min- 
isters, not  to  accept  of  the  action  of  the  Committee  of  Safety  for  the  time 
being.  The  ministers  were  certainly  friends  of  King  William,  and  must 
have  rejoiced  in  the  overthrow  of  James.  But  the  exact  facts  of  the  revo- 
lution were  left  in  considerable  uncertainty  for  a  long  time  by  the  failure 
of  speedy  dispatches.  Meantime  the  ministers,  in  their  over-prudence,  and 
perhaps  influenced  by  social  reasons,  stood  by  the  old  government,  and 
became  committed,  in  a  measure,  to  sustain  Nicholson's  councilors.  They 
also  believed  Leisler  quite  unfitted  for  the  position,  which  was  no  doubt 
true.  But  Leisler  was  not  a  usurper,  but  was  put  at  the  head  of  affairs  by 
the  Committee  of  Safety,  and  even  received  quasi  recognition  by  King 
William. 

Sloughter  was  finally  appointed  Governor  by  William.  His  captain, 
Ingoldsby,  arriving  three  months  before  him,  by  the  advice  of  the  old  coun- 
cilors at  once  demanded  the  surrender  of  the  fort.  But  Ingoldsby  had  no 
credentials  to  show,  and  Leisler  therefore  refused.  For  this  refusal,  after 
the  arrival  of  the  Governor,  Leisler  was  condemned  by  his  old  antagonists 


64  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

on  the  charge  of  treason,  and  executed,  with  his  son-in-law,  Milbourne, 
notwithstanding  the  efforts  of  the  citizens  generally,  headed  by  Rev.  Mr. 
Daille,  to  secure  their  pardon.  Their  property  was  also  confiscated.  Selyns 
rejoiced  over  Leisler's  downfall,  and  preached  a  sermon  from  the  words 
of  the  Psalmist,  "I  had  fainted,  unless  I  had  believed  to  see  the  goodness 
of  the  Lord  in  the  land  of  the  living." 

The  whole  affair  was  afterward  reviewed  in  England,  and  Queen  Mary 
restored  the  estates  to  the  families;  and  a  bill  was  passed  by  Parliament, 
not  without  great  opposition,12  removing  the  attainder  of  treason  and  legal- 
izing Leisler's  authority.  Fletcher,  who  was  Governor  at  the  time,  did 
not  obey  the  act  of  Parliament  respecting  the  removal  of  the  attainder  and 
the  restoration  of  the  property  to  the  family.  In  1698  the  relatives  asked 
Lord  Bellomont,  then  Governor,  for  permission  to  take  up  the  bodies, 
which  were  buried  near  the  gallows,  and  give  them  Christian  burial  in  the 
Dutch  Church.13  Partly  out  of  compassion  for  the  injustice  done  them  and 
partly  to  show  the  power  of  English  law,  Bellomont  had  their  bodies  ex- 
humed, and,  with  great  parade,  although  against  the  protests  of  the  Con- 
sistory and  all  the  clergy  of  the  city  of  all  denominations,  buried  under  the 
floor  of  the  Dutch  Church  in  Garden  Street.14  The  dispute  on  these  mat- 
ters continued  for  many  years,  to  the  great  injury  of  religion,15  the  province 
being  divided  into  two  parties,  Leislerians  and  anti-Leislerians. 

THE  INVASION  FROM  CANADA  WAS  ATTEMPTED. 

In  the  burning  of  Schenectady,  Domine  Tesschenmaeker  lost  his  life. 
The  French  were  seeking  to  gain  control  of  the  Indian  trade,  and  had  care- 
fully planned  the  capture  of  Albany  and  New  York  in  1690.  The  earlier 
part  of  the  plan  was  not  wholly  carried  out,  but  a  party  of  French  and 
Indians  left  Montreal,  and,  proceeding  by  the  way  of  Lake  Champlain,  in- 
tended to  attack  Albany.  The  Indian  chiefs  not  consenting,  they  turned 
off  toward  Schenectady.  Orders  were  given  that  the  domine's  life  should 
be  spared  on  account  of  the  information  he  could  give  them.  But  his  house 
.was  not  known,  and  before  he  could  be  personally  recognized  he  was  slain 
and  his  house  and  papers  burned.  His  head  was  cloven  open  and  his  body 
burned  to  the  shoulder  blades.  This  took  place  on  a  Saturday  night  at 
midnight.     Sixty  persons  lost  their  lives. 


'Col.  Docs.,  Vol.   iii,   pp.   369-375. 
2See  Dix's  "Trinity  Church."  Vol.  i.  63,  note. 
"Col.     Hist.,    Vol.     iii,    p.     379. 
4Col.   Hist,  Vol.    iii.    p.    381. 
■Rev.  Alexander  Innis. 
"Rev.  Henry  Selyns. 
7Rev.  Pierre  Daille. 
"Rev    Bernard  Arensius. 

•Col   Docs.,  Vol.  iii.  PP.  389-417,  415;  419,  420;  Vol.  ix.  pp.  309,  312 
"Col.  Docs.,  Vol.  iii,  pp.  546,  557. 
"Col.  Docs.,  Vol.  iii,  pp.  420,  650;  Vol.  ix,  p.  309. 
"Col.  Docs.,  Vol.  iv,  p.  322. 
'sIbid.,    pp.    400,    401. 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH  '  IN    AMERICA.  65 

14For  heads  of  accusation  against  Bellomont  (1700)  for  this  conduct  see  Col. 
Docs.,  Vol.  iv,  p.  620. 

"Col.  Docs.,  Vol.  iv,  p.  1018.  Writers  have  generally  denounced  Leisler  as  a 
usurper.  Brodhead,  in  hie  "History  of  New  York,"  and  Hon.  Henry  C.  Murphy, 
in  his  "Anthology  of  New  Netherland,"  take  this  view,  which  was  also  adopted 
in  the  "Manual"  of  1879.  See  also  Col.  Docs.,  Vol.  iii,  pp.  667-684,  716,  717, 
738-753.  But  Dr.  A.  G.  Vermilye,  in  an  address  before  the  Oneida  Historical 
Society  in  1891,  has  completely  overthrown  these  views  and  unanswerably  vindi- 
cated Leisler.  The  same  article  is  reprinted  in  "Memorial  History  of  New 
York,"  Vol.  i,  p.  453. 


66  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 


CHAPTER  V. 

THE  CHURCH  DURING  THE  REIGN  OF  WILLIAM  III.  IN  PART 

(1688-95). 


THE  MINISTRY  ACT. 


GOVERNORS  SLOUGHTER  AND  FLETCHER. 

In  England  the  period  of  enforced  religious  uniformity  ceased  with  the 
expulsion  of  the  Stuarts  and  William's  Act  of  Toleration  (1689).  Protestant 
dissenters  are  to  be  tolerated!  We  should  be  thankful  for  any  advance  in 
religious  liberty  in  that  age,  however  ridiculous  the  term  becomes  in  suc- 
ceeding generations.1  But,  strange  to  say,  religious  freedom  now  seemed 
to  lose  ground.  But,  considering  all  the  circumstances,  this  apparent  loss 
was  inevitable.  The  perfect  liberty  of  worship  granted  by  James  in  his 
"Duke's  Laws"  (1664-85)  and  in  the  "Royal  Instructions"  to  his  Gov- 
ernors (1685-88)  had  an  ulterior  object  in  view.  He,  as  a  Papist,  in  that 
age,  could  not  have  been  sincerely  tolerant.  He  had  nullified  the  Test  Acts 
so  far  as  he  could,  and  his  apparent  liberality  was  intended  chiefly  to  facili- 
tate the  introduction  of  Popery  in  New  York.  In  William  the  Protestant 
succession  was  restored.  The  Church  of  England  was  the  Established 
Church ;  and  now  the  regular  policy  of  extending,  so  far  as  possible,  the 
national  church,  without  the  ulterior  object,  is  resumed — and  New  York  is 
to  enjoy  the  benefit  I 

But  these  is  another  side  to  the  question.  Will  the  Dutch  and  other 
non-Episcopal  bodies  permit  a  church  to  be  established  which  represents 
hardly  a  tithe  of  the  inhabitants? 

Governor  Sloughter  (March  19 — July  23,  1691)  brought  over  with  him  a 
Commission  from  William  to  restore  the  Assembly,  which  James  had  taken 
away.  It  was  accordingly  reorganized  in  1691.  His  Commission2  and  In- 
structions,3 so  far  as  they  relate  to  religion,  were  almost  identical  with 
those  of  James  to  Governor  Dongan,  except  that  forty-second  paragraph, 
which  is  omitted,  which  represented  that  ulterior  design  spoken  of.  The 
"competent  maintenance  to  be  allowed  to  the  minister  of  each  orthodox* 
church"  seemed  an  almost  harmless  addition,  but  subsequently  was  under- 
stood, in  a  limited  sense,8  as  applying  only  to  the  Church  of  England.  The 
American  provinces  were  now  taken  from  the  care  of  the  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury,  and  again  placed  under  the  care  of  the  Bishop  of  London.  If 
these  Instructions  were  enforced,  all  ministers  in  Dutch  churches,  and  even 
schoolmasters,  could  be  installed  only  upon  presenting  a  certificate  from  the 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA.  67 

said  Bishop.     But  it  was  seldom  policy  to  attempt  to  enforce  all  the  sug- 
gestions in  these  Instructions.     They  had  not  the  force  of  law. 

The  following  paragraphs  are  added8  to  these  Instructions  of  William  to 
Sloughter,  which  are  not  found  in  those  of  James  to  Dongan : 

"You  shall  administer,  or  cause  to  be  administered,  the  Oaths  appoint* 
by  Act  of  Parliament,  instead  of  the  Oaths  of  allegiance  and  Supremacy, 
and  the  Test,  to  the  members  and  officers  of  our  Councill,  to  all  Judges  and 
Justices,  and  all  other  Persons  that  hold  any  office  in  our  said  Province  by 
vertue  of  any  Patent  under  our  Great  Seal  of  England  or  our  Seal  of  our 
Province  of  New  York. 

"You  are  to  permit  a  liberty  of  Conscience  to  all  Persons  (except  Pap- 
ists), so  they  be  contented  with  a  quiet  and  Peaceable  enjoyment  of  it,  not 
giving  offence  or  scandall  to  the  Government." 

Thus  the  Test  Act  of  1673  was  restored.  This  act  required,  besides  the 
regular  oaths  of  allegiance  and  supremacy  to  the  King,  the  partaking  of 
the  sacrament  according  to  the  English  Episcopal  form,  and  signing  a  dec- 
laration against  the  Romish  doctrine  of  transubstantiation. 

The  restored  Assembly  at  once  passed  an  act  on  the  subject  of  religion 
(1691).  Its  language  was  almost  identical  with  that  in  the  Charter  of 
Liberties  (1683),  but  at  its  close  it  excluded  Romanists.     It  is  as  follows: 

"No  Persons  or  Person  which  profess  Faith  in  God  by  Jesus  Christ,  His 
only  Son,  shall  at  any  time  be  any  way  molested,  punished,  disturbed,  dis- 
quieted, or  called  questions  for  any  Difference  of  Opinion,  or  matter  of  Re- 
ligious Concernment,  who  do  not  under  that  pretence  disturb  the  Civil 
Peace  of  the  Province,  etc.  And  that  all  and  every  such  Person  or  Persons 
may  from  time  to  time,  and  at  all  times  hereafter,  freely  have  and  fully 
enjoy  his  or  their  Opinion,  Persuasions,  and  Judgments  in  matters  of  Con- 
science and  Religion  thro'out  all  this  Province;  and  freely  meet  at  con- 
venient places  within  this  Province,  and  there  worship  according 
to  their  respective  Persuasions,  without  being  hindered  or  mo- 
lested, they  behaving  themselves  peaceably,  quietly,  modestly,  and  Relig- 
iously, and  not  using  this  liberty  to  Licentiousness,  nor  to  the  civil  Injury 
or  outward  Disturbance  of  others.  Always  Provided,  That  nothing  herein 
mentioned  or  contained  shall  extend  to  give  liberty  to  any  persons  of  the 
Romish  Religion  to  exercise  their  manner  of  worship,  contrary  to  the  Laws 
and  Statutes  of  their  Majesty's  Kingdom  of  England."7 

In  accordance  with  the  general  policy  of  extending  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land, the  Governor  proposed,  in  1691,  the  passage  of  an  act  for  the  proper 
maintenance  of  a  minister8  in  every  town  where  there  were  forty  families 
or  more.  A  bill  was  prepared  which  reflected  the  views  of  the  Governor. 
But  the  Assembly  replied  that  the  towns  were  already  fairly  well  supplied 
with  ministers.  The  bill  was  rejected.  Sloughter  died  suddenly  on  July 
23,  1691.  A  similar  bill  was  presented  early  in  1692,  which  met  with  a 
similar  fate. 

Governor   Fletcher   arrived  in    September,    1692.     His   Commission'  and 


68  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

Instructions10  were  the  same,  substantially,  as  his  predecessor's  on  religious 
matters.  On  his  arrival  he  immediately  renewed  the  recommendation  to 
the  Assembly  to  pass  a  bill  for  settling  a  ministry.  The  Assembly,  however, 
which  was  overwhelmingly  Dutch,  was  not  as  docile  as  the  Governor  ex- 
pected. They  loved  the  Dutch  language  and  the  polity  of  the  Church  of 
Holland.  Nothing  was  accomplished.  In  March,  1693,  the  Governor 
warmly  rebuked  them  for  not  acceding  to  his  wishes.     He  said:11 

"Gentlemen,  the  first  thing  that  I  did  recommend  to  you  at  our  last  meet- 
ing was  to  provide  for  a  ministry,  and  nothing  is  done  in  it.  There  are 
none  of  you  but  what  are  big  with  the  privileges  of  Englishmen  and  Magna 
Charta,  which  is  your  right;  and  the  same  law  doth  provide  for  the  religion 
of  the  Church  of  England,  against  Sabbath-breaking  and  all  other  profanity. 
But  as  you  have  made  it  last  and  postponed  it  this  session,  I  hope  you  will 
begin  with  it  the  next  meeting,  and  do  somewhat  toward  it  effectually." 

At  the  next  session  (September,  1693)  he  accordingly  made  another  at- 
tempt to  secure  the  passage  of  a  Ministry  Act  for  the  whole  colony,  includ- 
ing the  erection  of  an  English  chapel  in  New  York  city.  In  his  message  to 
the  Assembly  he  says  :u 

"I  recommended  to  the  former  Assembly  the  settling  of  an  able  ministry, 
that  the  worship  of  God  may  be  observed  among  us,  for  I  find  that  great 
and  first  duty  very  much  neglected.  Let  us  not  forget  that  there  is  a  God 
who  made  us,  who  will  protect  us  if  we  serve  Him.  This  has  been  always 
the  first  thing  I  have  recommended,  yet  the  last  in  your  consideration.  I 
hope  that  you  are  all  satisfied  of  the  great  necessity  and  duty  that  lies  upon 
you  to  do  this,  as  you  expect  His  blessings  upon  your  labors." 

The  persistence  of  the  Governor  induced  the  house  at  last  (Sept.  12, 
1693)  to  appoint  a  committee  of  eight  to  prepare  a  bill.  It  was  modeled 
more  or  less  closely  upon  Graham's  bill  of  1692,  as  that  had  been  upon 
Sloughter's  bill.  When  presented  to  the  Assembly  it  was  debated  for  a 
week,  and  amended ;  and  when  finally  adopted  it  was  limited  in  its  appli- 
cation to  certain  parishes  in  only  four  counties  out  of  the  ten  counties  of 
the  province.  It  was  also  entirely  unsectarian,  having  no  special  application 
to  one  denomination  more  than  to  another.  When  sent  to  the  Governor  he 
returned  it  with  the  artful  request  to  amend  it,  so  as  to  invest  him  with  the 
episcopal  power  of  inducting  all  ministers  into  their  offices,  by  adding 
after  the  first  sentence  of  Article  VI.  these  words :  "And  presented  to  the 
Governor  to  be  approved  and  collated."  But  the  house  refused  to  accept  of 
this  suggestion.  They  declared  that  "in  the  drawing  of  the  bill  they  had 
had  a  due  regard  to  that  pious  intent  of  settling  a  ministry  for  the  benefit 
of  the  people."  This  exasperated  Fletcher,  and  he  at  once  broke  up  their 
session  in  an  angry  speech.     Among  other  things  he  said  :13 

"Gentlemen,  there  is  also  a  bill  for  the  settling  of  a  ministry  in  this  city  and 
some  other  counties  of  the  Government.  In  that  thing  you  have  shown  a  great 
deal  of  stiffness.  You  take  upon  you  as  if  you  were  dictators.  I  sent  down  to 
▼ou  an  amendment  of  three  or  four  words  in  that  bill,  which,  though  very 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  69 

immaterial,  yet  was  positively  denied.  ...  It  seems  very  unmannerly. 
There  never  was  an  amendment  yet  desired  by  the  council  board  but  what 
was  rejected.  It  is  the  sign  of  a  stubborn  ill  temper.  .  .  .  But,  gentle- 
men, I  must  take  leave  to  tell  you,  if  you  seem  to  understand  that  none  can 
serve  without  your  collation  or  establishment,  you  are  far  mistaken ;  for  I 
have  the  pozver  of  collating  or  suspending  any  minister  in  my  Government 
by  their  Majesties'  letters  patent,1*  and  whilst  I  stay  in  the  Government  I 
will  take  care  that  neither  heresy,  sedition,  schism,  nor  rebellion  be  preached 
among  you,  nor  vice  and  profanity  encouraged.  .  .  .  You  ought  to  con- 
sider that  you  have  but  a  third  share  in  the  legislative  power  of  the  Gov- 
ernment, and  ought  not  to  take  all  upon  you,  nor  be  so  peremptory.  You 
ought  to  let  the  council  have  a  share.  They  are  in  the  nature  of  a  House  of 
Lords,  or  upper  house;  but  you  seem  to  take  the  whole  power  in  your 
hands,  and  set  up  for  everything.  You  have  set  a  long  time  to  little  pur- 
pose, and  have  been  a  great  charge  to  the  country.  Ten  shillings  a  day  is 
a  large  allowance,  and  you  punctually  exact  it.  You  have  been  always 
forward  enough  to  pull  down  the  fees  of  other  ministers  in  the  Govern- 
ment. Why  did  you  not  think  it  expedient  to  correct  your  own  to  a  more 
moderate  allowance?  ...  I  shall  say  no  more  at  present  but  that  you 
do  withdraw  to  your  private  affairs  in  the  country.  I  do  prorogue  you  to 
the  10th  of  January  next  (1694)." 

The  following  is  the  act  as  passed : 

"AN  ACT  FOR  SETTLING  A  MINISTRY,  AND  RAISING  A  MAINTENANCE  FOR  THEM 
IN  THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK,  COUNTY  OF  RICHMOND,  WESTCHESTER  AND 
QUEEN'S    COUNTY.      PASSED    SEPTEMBER    22,    1693.       (CHAPTER    33.) 

"Whereas,  Profaneness  and  Licentiousness  hath  of  late  overspread  this 
province,  for  Want  of  a  settled  Ministry  throughout  the  same :  to  the  End 
the  same  may  be  removed,  and  the  Ordinances  of  God  duly  administered ; 

"I.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Governor,  and  Council,  and  Representatives  con- 
vened in  General  Assembly,  and  by  the  Authority  of  the  same,  That  in  each 
of  the  respective  Cities  and  Counties  hereafter  mentioned  and  expressed, 
there  shall  be  called,  inducted,  and  established,  a  good  sufficient  Protestant 
Minister,  to  officiate,  and  have  the  Care  of  Souls,  within  one  Year  next, 
and  after  the  Publication  hereof,  that  is  to  say:  In  the  City  of  New  York, 
One;  in  the  county  of  Richmond,  One;  in  the  county  of  Westchester,  Two; 
—One  to  have  the  Care  of  Westchester,  Eastchester,  Yonkers,  and  the 
Manor  of  Pelham;  the  Other  to  have  the  Care  of  Rye,  Mamarenock,  and 
Bedford;  in  Queen's  County,  Two ;  One  to  have  the  Care  of  Jamaica,  and 
the  adjacent  Towns  and  Farms;  the  Other  to  have  the  Care  of  Hamstead, 
and  the  next  adjacent  Towns  and  Farms. 

"II.  And  for  their  respective  Encouragement,  Be  it  further  enacted,  by 
the  authority  aforesaid,  That  there  shall  be  annually,  and  once  in  every 
Year,  in  every  of  the  respective  Cities  and  Counties  aforesaid,  assessed, 
levied,  collected,  and  paid,  for  the  Maintenance  of  each  of  their  respective 
Ministers,  the  respective  Sums  hereafter  mentioned;  that  is  to  say;  For  the 
City  and  County  of  New  York,  One  Hundred  Pounds;  for  the  two  Pre- 


/O  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 

cincts  of  Westchester,  One  Hundred  Pounds,  to  each  Fifty  Pounds,  to  be 
paid  in  Country  Produce,  at  Money  Price;  for  the  County  of  Richmond, 
forty  Pounds,  in  Country  Produce,  at  Money  Price;  and  for  the  two  Pre- 
cincts of  Queen's  county,  One  Hundred  and  Twenty  Pounds,  to  each  Sixty 
Pounds,  in  Country  Produce,  at  Money  Price. 

"III.  And  for  the  more  orderly  Raising  the  respective  Maintenances  for 
the  Ministers  aforesaid,  Be  it  further  enacted,  by  the  authority  aforesaid. 
That  the  respective  Justices  of  every  City  and  County  aforesaid,  or  any  Two 
of  them,  shall  every  Year,  issue  out  their  Warrants  to  the  Constables,  to 
summons  the  Freeholders  of  every  City,  County,  and  Precinct  aforesaid, 
together,  on  the  second  Tuesday  of  January,  for  the  chusing  of  Ten  Vestry- 
Men,  and  two  Church-Wardens ;  and  the  said  Justices  and  Vestry-Men,  or 
major  Part  of  them,  are  hereby  impowered,  within  Ten  Days  after  the  said 
Day,  or  any  Day  after,  as  to  them  shall  seem  convenient,  to  lay  a  reasonable 
Tax  on  the  said  respective  Cities,  Counties,  Parish,  or  Precincts  for  the 
Maintenance  of  the  Minister  and  Poor  of  their  respective  Places ; 

"And  if  they  shall  neglect  to  issue  their  Warrants,  so  as  the  Election  be 
not  made  that  day,  they  shall  respectively  forfeit  Five  Pounds  current 
Money  of  this  Province  : 

"And  in  Case  the  said  Freeholders  duly  summoned,  as  aforesaid,  shall 
not  appear,  or  appearing,  do  not  chuse  the  said  Ten  Vestry-Men  and  two 
Church-Wardens,  that  then  in  their  Default,  the  said  Justices  shall,  within 
Ten  Days  after  the  said  second  Tuesday,  or  on  any  Day  after,  as  to  them 
shall  seem  convenient,  lay  the  said  reasonable  Tax,  on  the  said  respective 
Places,  for  the  respective  Maintenances  aforesaid  ; 

"And  if  the  said  Justices  and  Vestry-Men  shall  neglect  their  Duty  herein, 
they  shall  respectively  forfeit  Five  Pounds,  current  Money,  aforesaid. 

"IV.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  by  the  Authority  aforesaid.  That  such  of 
the  Justices  and  Vestry-Men,  that  shall  not  be  present  at  the  time  appointed, 
to  make  the  said  Taxes,  and  therefor  be  convicted,  by  a  certificate  under  the 
Hands  of  such  as  do  appear,  and  have  no  sufficient  Excuse  for  the  same ; 
shall  respectively  forfeit  Five  Pounds,  current  Money  aforesaid: 

"And  a  Roll  of  the  said  Tax  so  made,  shall  be  delivered  into  the  Hands 
of  the  respective  Constables  of  the  said  Cities,  Counties,  Parishes,  and  Pre- 
cincts, with  a  warrant  signed  by  any  two  Justices  of  the  Peace,  impowering 
him  or  them  to  levy  the  said  Tax; 

"And  upon  Refusal,  to  distrain,  and  sell  by  public  Outcry,  and  pay  the 
same  into  the  Hand  of  the  Church- Warden,  retaining  to  himself  Twelve 
Pence  per  Pound,  for  levying  thereof:  And  if  any  Person  shall  refuse  to  pay 
what  he  is  so  assessed,  and  the  said  Constables  do  strain  for  the  same ;  all 
his  charges  shall  be  paid  him,  with  such  further  allowance  for  his  Pains,  as 
the  said  Justices,  or  any  of  them,  shall  judge  reasonable; 

"And  if  the  said  Justice  or  Justices,  shall  neglect  to  issue  the  said  War- 
rant, he  or  they  respectively  shall  forfeit  Five  Pounds,  current  Money 
aforesaid ;  and  if  the  said  Constables,  or  any  of  them  fail  of  their  Duty 
herein,  they  shall  respectively  forfeit  Five  Pounds  current  Money  aforesaid. 

"And  the  Church- Wardens  so  chosen,  shall  undertake  the  said  Office  and 
receive  and  keep  a  good  account  of  the  Monies  or  Goods  levied  by  Virtue 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  7* 

of  this  Act,  and  the  same  issue  by  Order  from  the  said  Justices  and  Vestry- 
Men  of  the  respective  Cities,  Counties,  Precincts,  and  Parishes  aforesaid, 
for  the  Purposes  and  Interests  aforesaid,  and  not  otherwise :  And  the 
Church-Warden  shall,  as  often  as  thereunto  required,  yield  and  give  a  just 
and  true  account  unto  the  Justices  and  Vestry-Men,  of  all  their  Receipts 
and  Disbursements;  And  in  case  the  said  Church-Wardens,  or  any  of  them, 
shall  neglect  their  Duty  therein,  they  shall  respectively  forfeit  Five  Pounds, 
current  Money  aforesaid,  for  every  Refusal. 

"V.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  by  the  Authority  aforesaid,  That  the  said 
Church- Wardens,  in  their  respective  Precincts  aforesaid,  shall,  by  Warrant, 
as  aforesaid,  pay  unto  the  respective  Ministers,  the  Maintenance  aforesaid, 
by  four  equal  and  quarterly  payments,  under  the  Penalty  and  Forfeitures, 
of  Five  Pounds,  current  Money  aforesaid,  for  each  Neglect,  Refusal,  or 
Default;  the  one  Half  of  all  which  Forfeitures,  shall  be  disposed  of  to  the 
Use  of  the  Poor,  in  the  respective  Precincts,  where  the  same  doth  arise,  and 
the  other  Half  to  him  or  them  that  shall  prosecute  the  same. 

"VI.  Always  provided,  and  be  it  further  Enacted,  by  the  Authority  afore- 
said, that  all  and  every  of  the  respective  Ministers,  that  shall  be  settled  in 
the  respective  Cities,  Counties,  and  Precincts  aforesaid,  shall  be  called  to 
officiate  in  their  respective  Precincts,  by  the  respective  Vestry-Men,  and 
Church- Wardens  aforesaid.  And,  Always  Provided,  That  all  the  former 
Agreements,  made  with  Ministers  throughout  this  Province,  shall  continue 
and  remain  in  their  full  Force  and  Virtue ;  anything  contained  herein  to  the 
contrary  hereof,  in  any  wise  notwithstanding." 

It  was  just  after  the  words,  "and  churchwardens  aforesaid,"  in  the  last 
section,  that  Fletcher  proposed  to  insert  his  artful  amendment — "And  pre- 
sented to  the  Governor  to  be  approved  and  collated."  This  would  have 
given  the  Governor  the  sole  power  to  approve  and  install  every  minister,  or 
to  reject  him.  The  final  sentence  about  "all  the  former  agreements''  was 
evidently  intended  by  this  Dutch  Assembly  to  protect  all  ministers  then  in 
service  from  any  arbitrary  acts  of  the  Governor. 

This  was  the  best  act  which  the  Governor  could  extort  from  the  restored 
Assembly,  and  it  was  a  great  disappointment  to  him.  The  Assembly  did  not 
mean  to  establish  the  Church  of  England,  and  they  did  not  do  it,  as  is  ob- 
vious from  the  act  itself. 

The  act,  moreover,  did  not  receive  the  royal  signature  until  May  n, 
1697,15  nearly  four  years  after  its  passage.  It  will  be  observed  that  this  is 
just  one  year  to  the  day  after  the  signing  of  the  Charter  of  the  Dutch 
Church. 

The  immediate  circumstances  which  led  Fletcher  to  press  this  bill  so 
earnestly  at  this  time  are  thus  given,  eighteen  years  after,  by  Colonel  Mor- 
ris, himself  a  churchman,  in  writing  to  John  Chamberlayne,  Esq.,  in  1711. 
His  statements  show  a  rather  superficial  knowledge  of  the  facts,  and  they 
are  not  unbiased ;  but  they  represent,  no  doubt,  the  current  reports  among 
churchmen  of  the  day.     He  says  :16 

"In  Coll.  Fletcher's  time,  one  Party  of  the  Dissenters,  in  the  county  where 
Jamaica  is,  resolved  to  build  a  church,  and  in  order  to  it,  got  subscriptions 


72  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

and  materials  enough  to  build  it  about  three  foot  from  the  ground;  but 
finding  themselves  unable  to  perfect  it  without  the  assistance  of  the  rest, 
which  could  not  be  got  by  persuasion,  they  resolved  to  attempt  the  getting 
an  Act  of  Assembly  in  their  favor.  Coll.  Fletcher,  who  was  then  Governor, 
and  James  Graham,  Esq.,  then  Speaker  of  the  Assembly,  perceiving  the 
Assembly  inclined  to  raise  money  for  the  building  of  that  church,  and  set- 
tling a  maintenance  for  ministers,  thought  it  a  fit  opportunity  to  do  some- 
thing in  favor  of  the  Church,  before  the  zealous  fit  left  them.  Accordingly 
Graham,  who  had  the  drawing  of  their  Bills,  prescribed  a  method  of  in- 
duction, and  so  managed  it  that  it  would  not  do  well  for  the  Dissenters 
and  but  lamely  for  the  Church,  tho'  it  would  do  with  the  help  of  the  Gov- 
ernor, and  that  was  all ;  but  it  was  the  most  could  be  got  at  that  time,  for 
had  more  been  attempted  the  Assembly  had  seen  through  the  Artifice, 
being  most  of  them  Dissenters,  and  all  had  been  lost.  By  virtue  of  this 
Act  the  church  was  built,  and  a  dissenting  minister  called,  and  (if  f  mistake 
not)  Paid.  The  other  dissenters,  who  were  forced  to  comply,  were  very 
much  dissatisfied  at  this  Procedure  of  their  Brethren,  and  many  of  them 
appeared  in  the  Interest  of  the  Church,  thinking  no  way  so  effectual  to 
defeat  their  adversaries ;  and  this  was  the  beginning  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land in  Jamaica  on  Long  Island.     .     .     . 

"The  Act  to  settle  the  Church  is  very  loosely  worded,  which  (as  things 
stood  when  it  was  made)  could  not  be  avoided.  The  Dissenters  claim  the 
Benefit  of  it  as  well  as  we,  and  the  Act,  without  much  wresting,  will  admit 
a  construction  in  their  favor  as  well  as  ours ;  they  think  it  was  intended  for 
them,  and  that  they  only  have  a  right  to  it ;  there  is  no  comparison  in  our 
numbers,  and  they  can  on  the  death  of  an  Incumbent  call  persons  of  their 
own  persuasion  in  every  place  but  the  City  of  New  York ;  and  if  by  force 
the  salary  is  taken  from  them  and  paid  to  the  Ministers  of  the  Church,  it 
may  be  a  means  of  subsisting  those  Ministers,  but  they  won't  make  many 
converts  among  a  people  who  think  themselves  very  much  injured;  whereas, 
let  this  matter  be  once  regularly  determined,  and  then  their  mouths  are 
forever  stopt,  and  they'll  live  in  Peace;  and  then  the  Church  will  in  all 
probability  flourish,  and  I  believe  had  at  this  day  been  in  a  much  better 
position  had  there  been  no  Act  in  her  favor ;  for  in  the  Jerseys  and  Pen- 
silvania,  where  there  is  no  act,  there  are  four  times  the  number  of  Church 
men  than  there  are  in  this  province  of  N.  York ;  and  they  are  soe,  most  of 
them,  upon  principle,  whereas  nine  parts  in  ten,  of  ours,  will  add  no  great 
credit  to  whatever  church  they  are  of;  nor  can  it  well  be  expected  other- 
wise ;  for  as  New  England,  excepting  some  Families,  was  the  scum  of  the 
old,  so  the  greater  part  of  the  English  in  this  Province  were  the  scum  of 
the  new  ;  who  brought  as  many  opinions  almost  as  Persons,  but  neither 
Religion  nor  Virtue,  and  have  acquired  very  little  since." 

In  1715  Mr.  Morris  again  writes: 

"The  people  were  generally  dissenters,  and  averse  to  the  Religion  of  the 
Church  of  England;  and  when  the  Act  was  passed  that  provided  for  the 
Maintenance  of  Ministers  abovesaid,  it  was  to  settle  an  Orthodox  Ministry; 
which  words,  were  a  Governor  a  Dissenter  and  would  induct  Dissenters, 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  73 

would  be  as  favorable  in  favor  of  them  as  the  Church ;  and  the  people  who 
ne'er  could  be  brought  to  settle  an  Episcopal  clergy  in  direct  terms  fancied 
they  had  made  an  effectual  provision  for  Ministers  of  their  own  persuasion 
by  this  Act." 

Fletcher  signed  the  bill,  but  at  once  began  to  wrest  it  from  its  true  intent. 
The  very  next  month,  in  writing  to  the  Committee  of  Trade,  he  implies 
that  the  bill  established  the  Church  of  England.  He  says :  "I  have  gott 
them  to  settle  a  fund  for  a  Ministry  in  the  City  of  New  York  and  three 
more  Countys  which  could  never  be  obtained  before,  being  a  mixt  people, 
and  of  different  perswasions  in  Religion."17 

The  churchwardens  and  vestrymen  elected  by  the  freeholders,  according 
to  the  provisions  of  the  Ministry  Act,  were  a  civil  body.  They  were  twelve 
in  number,  and,  in  the  first  board  all  but  three  were  non-Episcopalians. 
They  at  once  (Jan.  9,  1694)  voted  to  raise  £100  by  tax  for  the  support  of  a 
minister,  and  decreed  "that  a  Dissenting  Minister  be  called  to  have  the 
Cure  of  Souls  in  this  City."  The  Governor,  however,  would  not  agree  to 
this,  but  he  proposed  the  name  of  Rev.  John  Miller,  the  chaplain  of  the 
troops.  Miller  also  claimed  as  a  right  the  office  provided  for  in  the  act. 
The  council,  however,  would  not  agree  to  this.  In  the  second  board, 
elected  January,  1695,  there  was  but  one  Episcopalian.  Fletcher  now 
threatened  to  prosecute  them  if  they  any  longer  refused  to  carry  out  his 
wishes.  Accordingly,  on  Jan.  26,  1695,  we  find  that  William  Vesey  -was 
elected  to  be  the  minister  in  New  York  City,  nemine  contradiccntc.  But  it 
has  always  been  a  disputed  point  whether  Vesey  was  a  dissenter  or  an 
Episcopalian. 

And,  in  reference  to  that  election,  it  may  be  said  that,  inasmuch  as 
there  was  but  one  Episcopalian  in  the  board,  Jeremiah  Tothill,  there  can 
be  but  little  doubt  that  he  offered  the  resolution  nominating  Vesey.  Is  it 
possible,  also,  that  his  was  the  only  vote,  inasmuch  as  it  was  passed  nemine 
contradicente?  At  any  rate,  the  Governor  did  not  deem  it  prudent  to  pro- 
ceed any  further  on  the  result  of  that  election.  Three  months  later  the 
board  petitioned  the  Assembly  as  to  their  right  to  call  a  dissenting  minister. 
The  Assembly  replied  "that  the  vestrymen  and  churchwardens  have  power 
to  call  a  dissenting  Protestant  minister,  and  that  he  is  to  be  paid  and  main- 
tained as  the  law  directs."  Fletcher  was,  of  course,  displeased,  but  he  has 
learned  to  be  somewhat  more  temperate  in  his  language.  He  called  the 
Assembly  into  the  council  chamber  the  next  day  and  said : 

"Gentlemen :  You  have  proceeded  to  give  your  opinion,  or  interpretation 
of  that  Act  of  Assembly,  which  provides  for  a  ministry  in  this  city  and 
two  (three?)  other  counties,  upon  a  petition  presented  unto  you;  and  you 
say  that  the  Church-Wardens  and  Vestrymen  may  proceed,  by  that  Act,  to 
call  a  Protestant  Minister,  dissenting  from  the  Church  of  England,  and 
raise  the  money  for  his  maintenance.  Not  to  tell  you  that  there  is  no 
Protestant  Church  admits  of  such  officers  as  Church-Wardens  and  Vestry- 
Men  but  the  Church  of  England,  it  is  out  of  your  province  to  take  upon 


74  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

you  to  explain  an  Act  which  you  did  not  make.     The  laws  are  to  be  inter- 
preted by  the  Judges."18 

When  the  third  board  was  elected  just  one-half  were  Episcopalians,  but 
they  could  not  yet  control  matters.  It  was  becoming  increasingly  evident 
that  the  Assembly  and  this  civil  vestry  would  not  allow  the  Governor  to 
dictate  to  them;  that  the  Church  of  England  was  not  established,  notwith- 
standing the  Governor's  assertion  to  the  contrary;  and  that  if  the  Governor 
hoped  to  have  any  success  in  his  aims,  he  would  have  to  make  no  small 
concessions  to  the  opposite  side.  He  had  rejected,  as  we  shall  subsequently 
see,  during  these  years,  repeated  applications  of  the  Dutch  Church  for  a 
charter.  The  Episcopalians  were  now  also  without  any  place  of  worship, 
for  when  the  Dutch  left  the  "Church  in  the  Fort,"  in  1693,  the  Governor 
tore  down  that  building,  hoping  soon  to  erect  another.  On  Dec.  12,  1693, 
the  Governor  thus  refers  to  the  matter : 

''There  is  likewise  the  King's  chapel  in  the  fort,  which  being  ready  to 
fall  down,  to  the  danger  of  many  lives,  I  thought  it  convenient  to  pull  it 
down,  and  if  you  will  give  something  toward  the  rebuilding  of  it,  we  zvill 
join  in  so  good  a  work.  If  his  Majesty  were  not  engaged  in  so  extensive 
a  war,  I  should  not  doubt  to  have  orders  to  rebuild  it  at  his  own  charge.  I 
leave  these  things  before  you  for  your  consideration,  which  consists  of  but 
three  heads :  your  duty  to  God ;  your  loyalty  and  affection  toward  the  best 
of  Kings;  and  your  own  safety  and  defence." 

To  this  the  Assembly  made  no  response.  A  letter,  however,  was  written 
to  the  King  about  the  rebuilding  of  this  chapel,  and  an  answer  was  read  to 
the  council  on  Oct.  20,  1694.  The  matter  was  at  once  referred  to  the 
Assembly  for  an  appropriation;  but  the  Assembly  only  gave  some  good 
advice.  The  rebuilding  went  on,  and  on  March  14,  1695,  the  builder,  D. 
V.  Burgh,  urgently  petitions  the  Governor  for  his  pay,  about  £900.  The 
matter  was  again  referred  to  the  Assembly,  but  they  refused  to  consider  it. 

The  real  objects  aimed  at  are  well  exhibited  in  Rev.  John  Miller's  mono- 
graph upon  the  state  of  the  province  in  1695,  and  his  suggestions  as  to  the 
proper  way  of  establishing  the  Church  of  England  with  a  proper  main- 
tenance. 

REV.  JOHN  MILLER'S  VIEW  OF  NEW  YORK  AND  ITS  NECES- 
SITIES  (1695).'" 

In  1692  Rev.  John  Miller  arrived  as  chaplain  to  the  English  troops.  In 
1695  he  wrote  a  monograph  upon  the  condition  and  necessities  of  the 
province  for  the  information  of  the  Bishop  of  London,  to  whom  it  is  ad- 
dressed. He  describes  the  country  and  its  towns,  forts,  etc.,  giving  maps 
of  the  same.  He  portrays  the  immoralities  of  the  country;  speaks  of  the 
deficiency  of  ministers  and  churches  ;  that  there  is  sometimes,  if  the  chaplain 
of  the  troops  is  away,  not  a  single  minister  of  the  Church  of  England  in 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA.  75 

the  country;  that  there  are  many  pretended  ministers,  Presbyterians  and 
Independents,  supported  by  voluntary  contributions.  He  speaks  of  the 
great  variety  of  religious  opinions ;  of  the  successful  labors  of  Dellius  and 
the  Jesuits  among  the  Indians,  "though  by  a  method  not  so  exact  and 
prevalent  as  might  be  used;  .  .  .  the  first  not  being  yet  estab- 
lished in  any  good  order  at  all,  and  the  last  being  converted  to  Popery.  I 
look  upon  the  whole  work  as  yet  wholly  to  be  done ;  and  if  what  has  been 
already  done  is  not  a  disadvantage  to  it,  yet  that  little  advantage  is  gained 
thereby,  except  a  demonstration  of  the  inclination  of  the  Indians  to  embrace 
the  Christian  religion." 

He  then  earnestly  advises  the  sending  over  of  a  Bishop  as  a  suffragan  to 
the  Bishop  of  London.  He  should  be  "a  person  of  an  obliging  temper  and 
conversation;"  should  reside  in  New  York  as  the  chief  city,  where  he  would 
be  protected  by  the  troops  if  there  were  any  opposition  to  his  presence; 
"that  his  Majesty,  uniting  the  provinces  of  New  York,  Connecticut,  New 
Jersey,  and  Rhode  Island  into  one  government,  will  please  to  send  him 
over  Governor  thereof,  allowing  him  all  the  powers  and  privileges  granted 
usually  to  the  Governors  of  New  York,  with  power,  also,  to  go  out  of  his 
province  so  often  as  he  shall  think  good  to  visit  the  other  provinces  as 
Bishop  only,  and  to  constitute,  not  only  for  the  time  of  his  absence,  but,  if 
he  see  necessary,  at  other  times,  a  Lieutenant-Governor  under  him." 

He  then  suggests  that  he  should  be  allowed  £1,500  as  Governor,  out  of 
which  he  should  pay  the  Lieutenant-Governor ;  that  he  should  have  "some 
considerable  preferment  in  England  that  does  not  require  his  personal 
residence;"  that  he  should  have  "all  licenses  of  marriage  and  probates  of 
wills,  and  other  things  usually  belonging  to  the  Bishops  in  England;"  that 
the  "King's  farm"  should  be  given  to  him  as  "a  seat  for  himself  and  suc- 
cessors ;"  that  he  should  be  made  proprietor  of  the  Mohawk  country,  which 
he  should  settle  with  a  hundred  families,  and  this  should  descend  to  his 
ecclesiastical  successors ;  that  a  church  should  be  built  in  New  York  by  con- 
tributions of  his  Majesty,  the  Bishops,  and  others;  that  part  of  the  New 
England  revenue  for  converting  the  Indians  should  be  given  him ;  that  a 
chaplain  should  be  appointed  for  the  soldiers  in  Albany;  that  several  young 
ministers  should  come  over  with  this  suffragan  Bishop;  that  he  should 
cause  the  good  laws  of  England  to  be  put  in  execution;  that  ministers 
should  be  settled  "in  those  towns  already  provided  for  by  Act  of  Assem- 
bly;" and  that  this  act  should  be  extended  to  other  towns.  He  then  sug- 
gests plans  for  the  conquest  of  Canada. 

He  also  says  that  New  York  had  about  eight  hundred  houses,  Albany 
about  two  hundred,  and  Kingston  about  one  hundred;  that  the  whole 
province  contained  about  three  thousand  families,  of  which  one-half  were 
Dutch,  a  great  part  of  the  remainder  English,  and  the  rest  were  French. 
As  to  religion,  the  people  were  very  much  divided.  The  Dutch  were 
wealthy,  the  English  in  moderate  circumstances,  the  French  were  poor. 
He  then  gives  a  table  of  churches,  ministers,  and  families,  which  is  so  in- 
structive that  we  cannot  forbear  transcribing  it: 


76 


the  reformed  church   in  america. 
New  York  in  1695. 


Counties. 


Churches. 


Ministers. 


Families. 


New  York.. 


Chapel  in  the  fort. 
Dutch  Calvinists.. 
Dutch  Lutherans.. 

French  

Jews'  Synagogue.. 
Harlem  [Dutch]... 


[Rev.  John  Miller]. 
Dr.  Selinus 


Dr.  Perot... 
Saul  Brown. 
Dr.  Selinus. 


Richmond 
Kings  


A  Meeting  House. 


Queens 


Flatbush. 

Utrecht. 

Brookland. 


Jamaica 
Hempstead  . 
Newtown      I  rtouses- 


90 

450 
30 
200 
20 
25 
English   40,    Dissent- 
ers. 

English,  40 
Dutch,  44 
French,    36 


Dr.  Varick  died  Aug.,  300     or     400,     chiefly 
1694,     and     another      Dutch, 
sent    for    May    27, 
1695. 


Dr.  Bonrepos. 


Meeting 


Suffolk 


West  Chester. 


Eight  or  nine  Meeting 
Houses;  almost  one 
at  every  town. 


A   Meeting  House  at 
West  Chester. 


Mr.  Philips  |  without 
Mr.  Vesey     [-     any 
Mr.  Mot        )    orders. 

Seven  ministers,  Dis- 
senters, Presbyter- 
ian, or  Independent. 
One  lately  gone  to 
Scotland. 

A  young  man  coming 
to  settle  there,  with- 
out orders. 


Orange  ... 
Dutchess 
Ulster  


Dutch  Calvlnist,  at 
Kingstone,  for  five 
or  six  towns. 


Albany 


Dutch  Calvinist. . 
Dutch  Lutheran.. 
Scanecthade  


A  minister  to  come, 
his  books  brought : 
tut  he  missed  his 
passage. 

Dr.  Dellius 


Kinderhoeck 


A      Dutch      minister 
sent  for. 


300  or  400  English, 
most  Dissenters, 
and  some  Dutch. 

500  or  600  English, 
and  Dissenters  for 
the  most  part. 


200  or  300,  English 
and  Dissenters;  few 
Dutch. 

20,  English  and 
Dutch. 


30,       English 
Dutch. 


and 


300,  Dutch  mostly; 
some  English  and 
French. 


400  or  500  Dutch,  all 
Calvinists,  except 
12  or  14  Lutherans. 


This  gives  a  complete  view  of  the  condition  of  the  province  as  to  religious 
privileges,  and  an  approximate  view  of  the  strength  of  the  religious  bodies 
when  the  attempt  to  impose  a  church  establishment  of  the  minority  on  the 
colony  was  made.  According  to  this  table  of  this  John  Miller,  the  popula- 
tion would  be  distributed  about  as  follows : 

Families. 

Dutch   1.754 

Dissenters  (English) 1.355 

French    261 

Lutherans    45 

Episcopalians    90 

Jews    20 

Total  3.525 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  77 

By  allowing  six  to  a  family,  which  the  baptismal  records  would  show  to 
be  a  very  low  estimate,  the  population  of  the  entire  province  of  New  York 
would  be  not  less  than  twenty-one  thousand.  It  was  probably  considerably 
more. 

On  Sept.  4,  1696,  in  London,  Mr.  Miller20  tells  the  Board  of  Trade  "that 
there  are  about  3,000  families  in  New  York  and  5,000  families  in  Con- 
necticut. .  .  .  There  is  about  one  minister  of  the  Church  of  England 
and  one  schoolmaster  in  the  whole  colony  of  New  York.  A  Dutch  minister 
there  had  instructed  some  Indian  children ;  but  the  English  in  New  York 
had  not  endeavored  it." 


'Dr.  Schaff  somewhere  says:     "Toleration  is  first  sought  as  a  favor;  then  de- 
manded as  a  right;  then  scorned  as  an  insult." 
2Col.  Docs.,  Vol.  iii,  p.  623. 
3Ibid.,  pp.   688,  689. 

4See  paragraph  31  of  Dongan's  Instructions. 
cCol.  Docs.,  Vol.  v,  p.  135:  Vol.  vii,  p.  347,  etc. 
"Ibid.,   Vol.   iii,  p.   689. 
'Bradford's  Laws,  ed.  1710,  p.  4. 
"Council   "Journal,"   p.   2. 
"Col.  Docs.,  Vol.  iii,  p.  827. 
"Ibid.,  pp.  818-824. 
"Council  "Journal,"  p.  35. 
"Council  "Journal,"  p.  42. 
"Council  "Journal,"  p.  47. 

"In  1707  Lewis  Morris  argued  that  the  Assembly  was  not  bound  by  the  Royal 
Instructions  to  the  governor.     Col.  Docs.,  Vol.  v,  p.  19. 
15Col.  Docs.,  Vol.  vi,  p.  21. 

"Col.  Docs.,  Vol.  v,  p.  321.    Punctuation  is  added  to  facilitate  reading. 
"Col.  Docs.,  Vol.  iv,  p.  57. 
"Council  Minutes,  76. 

"A  Description  of  the  Province  and  City  of  New  York,  etc.,  by  Rev.  John 
Miller,  New  York,  1843,  pp.  43,  with  maps;  The  City  of  New  York;  Fort  of 
Schenectady;  Fort  at  the  Flats  (on  the  Mohawk);  Fort  in  New  York,  showing 
location  of  chapel,  etc.;  City  of  Albany;  Fort  at  Albany;  City  of  Kingston. 

On  his  way  home  with  the  manuscript  of  this  book,  the  vessel  in  which  he 
sailed  was  met  by  a  French  privateer.  Lest  all  these  plans  should  fall  into  the 
hands  of  the  enemy,  he  threw  them  overboard.  He  subsequently  reproduced 
everything  by  a  remarkable  memory.  At  the  sale  of  the  library  of  George 
Chalmers,  Esq.,  London,  1843,  the  MSS.  fell  into  the  hands  of  Thoe.  Rood. 
bookseller,  who  published  it. 
20Col.  Docs.  N.  Y.,  Vol.  iv,  pp.  182-3. 


78  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 


CHAPTER  VI. 

THE   CHURCH   DURING   THE   REIGN    OF   WILLIAM   III.    CON- 
TINUED   (1695-98)— THE   IMMEDIATE   CONSEQUENCES   OF 
THE  MINISTRY  ACT— THE  INDEPENDENCE  OF  THE 
DUTCH  CHURCH  OF  NEW  YORK  CITY— THE 
TWO  CHURCH  CHARTERS. 


GOVERNOR  FLETCHER. 

The  general  design  of  England  to  impose  her  national  church  on  the 
colony,  and  the  determination  of  Fletcher  to  pervert  the  unsectarian  Min- 
istry Act  in  favor  of  the  Church  of  England,  were  well  understood  from  the 
beginning.  Yet  the  Dutch  and  French  population  of  the  city  of  New  York, 
together  with  a  few  English  dissenters,  represented  745  families,  against  90 
families  of  the  Church  of  England,  according  to  Chaplain  Miller's  own 
liberal  estimate,  besides  about  20  Jewish  families.  To  counteract  such  de- 
signs, therefore,  the  Dutch  Church  of  New  York,  as  early  as  Dec.  12,  1686, 
had  prepared  a  petition  to  the  Mayor  of  the  city  to  be  allowed  to  build  a 
new  church,  outside  of  the  fort,  and  had  asked  for  a  certain  piece  of 
ground.  For  some  reason  this  petition  was  not  presented.  It  will  be  ob- 
served that  James'  "Instructions"  repealing  the  Charter  of  Liberties  are 
dated  May  29,  1686.  These  Governor  Dongan  must  have  received  by 
August  of  that  year.  But  he  was  reluctant  to  publish  so  unpopular  a  fact, 
and  did  not  do  it  until  January,  1687.  He  was,  therefore,  actually  holding 
this  repeal  of  their  Charter  of  Liberties  in  his  hands  when  this  petition 
of  the  Dutch  Church  was  prepared ;  and  it  may  have  been  considered  politic 
not  to  press  the  matter  just  then.  But  on  April  4,  1688,  that  Consistory 
took  a  bolder  step.  Notwithstanding  the  well-known  intentions  of  the  Gov- 
ernment, they  now  petitioned  for  a  charter,  reserving  all  control  of  their 
ecclesiastical  affairs  in  their  own  hands,  besides  the  mere  privileges  of  a 
business  corporation;  but  their  petition  was  refused.  Through  trustees, 
however,  they  bought  lots  on  Garden  Street,  on  Feb.  27,  1692,  and  at  once 
began  to  build  a  church  thereon.  This  plot  embraces  what  arc  now  lots 
41-51,  on  the  north  side  of  Exchange  Place,  between  William  and  Broad 
Streets.  The  land  was,  in  part,  at  that  time,  a  peach  orchard  of  the' 
widow  of  Domine  Drisius.  The  building  erected  was  of  brick,  with  stone 
trimmings,  and  the  usual  heavy,  square  Dutch  tower  projecting  from  the 
front.  Over  the  entrance  was  the  usual  Consistory  room,  and  a  belfry 
above.  It  had  three  windows  on  either  side,  long  and  somewhat  narrow, 
with   small  panes,   in  which   were  burned  the  Arms  of  the  principal   sup- 


THE    REFORMED     CHURCH     IN     AMERICA.  79 

porters  of  the  church,  and  there  were  also  escutcheons  of  the  leading  fami- 
lies upon  the  walls.  The  silver-toned  bell  of  the  old  church  in  the  fort  was 
transferred  to  the  belfry  of  the  new  church,  together  with  the  pulpit  and 
other  furniture.  In  1694  the  people  brought  their  silver  coin  and  orna- 
ments as  offerings,  and  these  were  sent  to  Amsterdam  and  hammered  into 
a  massive  baptismal  bowl  by  the  skilled  artisans  of  that  city.  This  bowl, 
with  its  quaint  inscription,1  now  belongs  to  the  South  Church,  corner  of 
Thirty-eighth  Street  and  Madison  Avenue. 

Now  it  was  while  this  church  was  in  course  of  erection  that  the  Ministry 
Act  was  passed.  Then  ensued  that  struggle  about  the  appointment  of  a 
minister  under  that  act,  and  the  unwillingness  of  the  Assembly,  while-  the 
•Governor  was  so  obstinate,  to  pay  the  expenses  of  repairing  the-  chapel  in 
the  fort  for  services  by  the  English  chaplain,  as  told  in  the  preceding- 
chapter.  And  now,  moreover,  the  Governor  refuses  the  Dutch  Church  a 
charter.  Without  it  her  privileges  might  at  any  time  be  destroyed.  The 
Consistory  sought  legal  advice  as  to  their  right  to  a  charter,  and  the  answer 
was  wholly  favorable.  They  were  entitled  to  it.  On  April  18,  1695,  they 
again  petitioned  for  the  charter,  but  were  unsuccessful.  On  June  19  the 
petition  was  repeated,  but  without  success.  The  Governor  learned  slowly, 
but  he  now  began  to  realize  that  he  would  be  completely  balked  in  his 
every  effort  for  the  Church  of  England  unless  he  yielded  to  the  just  de- 
mands of  nine-tenths  of  the  population.  Accordingly,  on  May  II,  1696, 
the  charter  was  finally  signed,  and  the  Dutch  Church  became  virtually 
independent  of  any  arbitrary  acts  of  English  Governors,  and  of  any  per- 
verted application  of  the  Ministry  Act.  The  charter  gave  her  perfect 
liberty  to  manage  all  her  ecclesiastical  affairs,  the  calling  of  ministers, 
their  induction  into  office,  free  from  any  interference  whatever.  Since  it 
is  the  first  church  charter  in  the  Middle  States,  it  possesses  great  interest. 
We  therefore  give  a  brief  synopsis . 

THE  FIRST  CHURCH  CHARTER  IN  NEW  YORK. 

Beginning  with  the  name  and  title  of  the  King — "William  the  Third,  by 
the  grace  of  God,  King  of  England,  France,  and  Ireland,  Defender  of  the 
Faith" — it  refers  to  the  petition  of  the  Consistory  of  the  church  to  Gov- 
ernor Fletcher  for  a  charter,  that  they  might  hold  securely  their  recently 
erected  church,  as  well  as  their  other  property.  The  five  separate  pieces 
of  property  owned  by  the  church  are  then  minutely  described:  (1)  The 
church  lot  and  cemetery  on  the  north  side  of  Garden  Street  (now  Exchange 
Place),  184  feet  front  and  84  feet  deep;  (2)  another  lot,  partly  adjoining, 
on  the  northwest;  (3)  a  lot  on  Beaver  Street;  (4)  the  manor  of  Fordham, 
north  of  the  Harlem  River,  and  stretching  from  the  Hudson  River  to  the 
Bronx  River;  (5)  a  piece  of  meadow  along  the  Harlem  River,  and  near 
said  manor.  Then  the  petition  asking  for  a  charter  is  again  referred  to, 
and  the  reasons  are  given  for  granting  said  charter : 

"Now  know  ye,  That  in  consideration  thereof,  as  well  as  we  being  will- 
ing in  particular  favor  to  the  pious  purposes  of  our  said  loving  subjects, 


80  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

and  to  secure  them  and  their  successors  in  the  free  exercise  and  enjoyment 
of  all  their  civil  and  religious  rights  appertaining  unto  them  in  manner 
aforesaid  as  our  loving  subjects,  and  to  preserve  to  them  and  their  suc- 
cessors that  liberty  of  worshiping  God  according  to  the  constitutions  and 
directions  of  the  Reformed  Churchs  in  Holland,  approved  and  established 
by  the  National  Synod  of  Dort,  have  therefore  thought  fit,  and  do  hereby 
publish,  grant,  ordain,  and  declare,  That  our  royal  will  and  pleasure  is, 
that  no  person  in  communion  of  the  said  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch 
Church  within  our  said  city  of  New  York,  at  any  time  hereafter,  shall  be 
in  any  ways  molested,  punished,  disquieted,  or  called  in  question  for  any 
difference  in  opinion  in  matters  of  the  Protestant  religion,  who  do  not 
actually  disturb  the  civil  peace  of  our  said  province ;  but  that  all  and  every 
person  and  persons  in  communion  of  the  said  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch 
Church,  may,  from  time  to  time,  and  at  all  times  hereafter,  freely  and  fully 
have  and  enjoy  his  and  their  own  judgments  and  consciences  in  matters 
of  the  Protestant  religious  concernments  of  the  said  Reformed  Protestant 
Dutch  Church,  according  to  the  Constitutions  and  directions  aforesaid, 
they  behaving  themselves  peaceably  and  quietly,  and  not  using  this  liberty 
to  licentiousness  and  profaneness,  nor  to  the  civil  injury  or  outward  dis- 
turbance of  others,  any  law,  statute,  usage,  or  custom  of  our  realm  of 
England,  or  of  this  our  province  to  the  contrary  hereof  in  any  ways  not- 
withstanding." 

The  church  building  and  adjoining  cemetery  are  then  confirmed  unto 
the  Consistory  and  members  of  the  said  Dutch  Church  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  and  Rev.  Henry  Selyns,  with  Nicholas  Bayard,  Stephen  Cortlandt, 
William  Beeckman,  Joannes  Kerfbyle,  elders;  and  Joannes  de  Peyster, 
Jacobus  Kipp,  Isaac  de  Forest,  and  Isaac  de  Reymer,  deacons,  are  then 
named  as  the  first  incorporators. 

"And  all  such  others  as  now  are  or  hereafter  shall  be  admitted  into  the 
communion  of  the  said  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church  in  our  said  city 
of  New  York  shall  be,  from  time  to  time,  and  at  all  times  forever  here- 
after, a  body  politic  and  corporate  in  fact  and  name." 

The  usual  legal  rights  and  responsibilities  of  corporations  are  then  re- 
ferred to.  The  yearly  limit  of  income  is  fixed  at  £200.  They  are  to  have 
a  seal.  There  are  to  be  four  elders  and  four  deacons,  with  the  minister,  in 
the  corporation.  The  manner  of  choosing  ministers  and  of  their  induction 
into  office  is  then  thus  given : 

"That  the  patronage,  advowson,  donation,  or  presentation  of  and  to  the 
said  Church,  after  the  decease  of  the  said  first  minister,  cr  next  avoidance 
thereof,  shall  appertain  and  belong  to,  and  be  hereby  vested  in,  the  Elders 
and  Deacons  of  the  said  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church  and  their 
successors  forever,  provided  always  that  all  the  succeeding  ministers  that 
shall  be  by  them  presented,  collated,  instituted,  and  inducted"     .     .     . 

shall  be  loyal,  etc.     Concerning  the  minister's  salary,  it  declares: 
"And  that  the  first  minister  and  all  the  succeeding  ministers  shall  and 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  8l 

may  have,  take  and  enjoy  such  and  the  like  stipends,  contribucons,  offer- 
ings, Free  and  voluntary  gifts,  and  other  ecclesiastical  dutyes,  arising  or 
used  and  accustomed  to  rise,  from  the  members  of  the  said  Church;" 

also,  the  Consistory  may  demise  or  lease  their  property  for  a  term  "of  fif- 
teen years  upon  a  reasonable  improved,  yearly  rent,  without  taking  any 
fine  for  the  same."  .  .  .  They  may  also  nominate  other  ministers, 
lawfully  ordained,  to  be  assistants,  and  may  appoint  "  a  Clarke,  school- 
master," and  other  under  officers  such  as  they  need.     They  may  also, 

"with  the  consent  and  advice  of  the  members  in  full  communion  of  the  said 
church,  make  rates  and  assessments  upon  all  and  every  of  the  members 
in  communion"     .     .     .     for  meeting  salaries  and  other  expenses. 

The  name  of  the  church  was  to  be  'The  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch 
Church  of  the  City  of  New  York."  .  .  .  They  could  modify  their 
own  rules;  admit  new  members  to  the  church,  and  increase  the  number  of 
their  officers.  It  was  then  declared  that  their  right  to  their  property  wa. 
to  be  of  the  most  honorable  kind :     .     .     . 

"To  be  holden  of  us,  our  Heirs  and  successors  in  ffree  and  common 
soccage  as  of  our  Mannonr  of  East  Greenwich  in  our  County  of  Kent, 
within  our  Realm  of  England,  paying  unto  us,  etc.,  on  the  last  da>  of  the 
annunciation  of  the  blessed  Virgin  Mary  the  annual  rent  of  twelve  shill- 
ings." 

"And  lastly,  we  do  for  us,  our  Heirs  and  Successours  ordaine  and 
grant  unto  the  said  Minister,  Elders,  and  Deacons  of  the  said  reformed 
protestant  Dutch  Church,  within  the  city  of  New  Yorke,  and  their  Suc- 
cessours, by  these  presents,  That  this  our  grant  shall  be  firme,  good, 
effectuall,  and  available  in  all  things  in  the  law,  to  all  intents,  construgcons, 
and  purposes  whatsoever,  according  to  our  true  intent  and  meaning,  here- 
inbefore declared,  and  shall  be  construed,  reputed,  and  judged  in  all  cases 
most  favorable  on  the  behalfe,  and  for  the  best  benefite,  and  behoofe  of 
the  said  Minister.  Elders,  and  Deacons  of  the  reformed  protestant  Dutch 
Church  in  the  city  of  New  Yorke,  and  their  Successours,  although  ex- 
press mengon  of  the  true  yearly  value  or  certainty  of  the  premises  or  of 
any  of  them  in  these  presents  is  not  named,  or  any  statute,  act,  ordinance, 
provision,  proclamation,  or  restriggon  heretofore  had.  made,  enacted,  or- 
dained, or  provided,  or  any  other  matter,  clause,  or  thing  whatsoever,  to 
the  contrary  hereof  notwithstanding." 

"In  Testimony  Whereof  we  have  caused  the  great  seal  of  our  said  Prov- 
ince to  be  hereunto  annexed.  Witness  our  trusty  and  well-beloved  Ben- 
jamin Fletcher,  our  Captaine  Generall  and  Governour  ...  at  our  ffort 
in  New  Yorke,  the  eleventh  day  of  May.  in  the  eighth  year  of  our  reigne. 
Annoq.  Domini  1696."  Ben.  Fletcher. 

By  his  Excells.  Command,  ,^-«~a^— , 

David  Jamison,  \    ct?\t 

.  Seer  y.  J 

[Patents  7;  p.  25  etc.]  ^-  —^-^-^ 


82  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

Domine  Selyns,  in  writing  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  (Sept.  30,  1696), 
after  referring  to  his  yearly  letters,  to  which  he  has  received  no  reply  in 
two  or  three  years,  saying  that  the  replies  have  probably  been  captured  by 
the  French ;  and  having  also  referred  to  the  arrival  of  Domines  Nucella 
and  Lupardus,  says : 

"Our  number  is  now  full,  consisting  of  five  Dutch  Reformed  ministers: 
myself  at  New  York,  Dellius  at  Albany,  Nucella  at  Kingston,  Lupardus  on 
Long  Island,  and  Bertholf  in  New  Jersey.  The  Lord  grant  that  this  min- 
istry may  prove  effectual  to  the  conversion  of  sinners  in  this  far-distant 
West ! 

"My  Consistory  and  I  have  for  a  long  time  labored  and  taken  much  pains 
to  obtain  certain  privileges  for  our  Reformed  Church  here.  These  we  have 
now  obtained  by  a  favorable  document,  confirmed  with  the  King's  Seal, 
entitled,  'The  Charter  of  the  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church  in  the 
City  of  New  York,'  granted  A.  D.  1696.  Its  contents  are  in  respect  to  the 
power  of  calling  one  or  more  ministers,  of  choosing  elders,  deacons,  chor- 
ister, sexton,  etc.,  and  of  erecting  Dutch  schools,  all  in  conformity  to  the 
Church  Order  of  the  Synod  of  Dort ;  also,  the  right  of  possessing  a  par- 
sonage and  other  Church  property,  and  to  hold  them  in  a  corporate  capacity, 
without  alienation.  Also  of  receiving  legacies  and  donations  for  the  benefit 
of  the  Church,  etc.,  etc.  This  is  a  circumstance  which  promises  much  ad- 
vantage to  God's  Church,  and  quiets  the  formerly  existing  uneasi- 
ness."    .     .     . 

"In  the  country  places  here,  there  are  many  English  preachers,  mostly 
from  New  England.  They  were  ordained  there,  having  been  in  a  large 
measure  supplied  by  the  University  of  Cambridge.  In  July  last  there  were 
ten  graduated  in  philosophy  and  eight  in  higher  studies.  In  the  two  Eng- 
lish churches  built,  or  in  course  of  building  (since  the  building  of  our  new 
church),  there  are  two  Episcopal  ministers.  They  temporarily  preach  in 
our  church,  and  with  them  we  live  in  most  friendly  relations.  Domine 
Daille,  recently  a  French  minister  here,  has  been  called  to  Boston,  and 
ministers  in  the  French  church  there.  Domine  Perrot  [Peiret],  a  man  of 
great  learning,  formerly  a  minister  in  France,  serves  the  church  of  God 
here,  and  Domine  Morpe  [  ?]  in  the  adjoining  places  in  the  country. 
Domine  Brodet  [Bondet],  who  was  formerly  professor  at  Saumur,  and 
who  lived  among  the  Indians  and  preached  to  them  for  eight  years,  is  at 
New  Rochelle,  twenty  miles  from  here,  and  is  very  useful  by  his  ministerial 
gifts  and  holy  life."     .     ... 

After  referring  to  the  corruption  of  morals  caused  by  the  war,  and  the 
attempted  invasion  of  the  French  from  Canada,  he  continues : 

"Our  city  is  extending ;  large  houses  are  erected,  and  the  shores  are 
docked  in.  Since  my  last  coming  here  [1660-64],  the  city,  houses,  and  in- 
habitants have  increased  fully  two  thirds." 

The  first  result,  therefore,  of  "the  Ministry  Act"  was  the  charter  of  the 
Dutch  Church  of  New  York  City,  virtually  annulling  that  act,  as  far  as 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  83 

said  church  was  concerned.  Other  Dutch  churches  also  continued  to  de- 
mand charters,  and  obtained  them,  while  this  right  was  denied  to  all  other 
denominations,  except  the  Episcopalian. 

Nearly  three  months  after  the  Dutch  had  obtained  their  charter  (July 
23,  1696)  a  committee  of  the  Dutch  Church  reported  as  follows :  That  the 
Governor  has  been 

"very  favorably  disposed  toward  our  church,  to  incorporate  us  under  the 
Great  Seal,  endowing  us  with  much  profit  and  especial  privileges ;  .  .  . 
The  Consistory  therefore  resolved,  after  consideration,  to  give  thanks  to 
his  Excellency,  in  recognition  of  all  this,  and  besides,  in  place  of  the  usual 
fee,  to  make  him  a  present  of  silver  plate,  to  the  value  of  seventy-five  or 
eighty  pounds'  currency  of  this  province.  .  .  .  Messrs.  Jacobus  van 
Cortlandt  and  Brandt  Schuyler  are  herewith  requested  to  tender  this  com- 
pliment to  his  Excellency." 

But  since  the  Dutch  had  now  a  church  edifice  outside  the  fort  and  in  the 
heart  of  the  city,  the  Episcopalians  were  no  longer  satisfied  with  going  to 
the  fort  to  worship  with  the  troops,  although  the  chapel  therein  had  been 
repaired.  Accordingly,  they  also,  March  19,  1696,  a  few  weeks  before  the 
Dutch  Church  charter  was  secured,  petitioned  to  be  allowed  to  purchase  a 
piece  of  ground  "lying  without  the  North  Gate  of  the  city,  betwixt  the 
King's  Garden  and  the  burying  place."  This  was  signed  by  eight  Episco- 
palians,2 only  three  of  whom,  Evetts,  Morris,  and  Wilson,  were  members  of 
the  city  vestry;  and  this  was  the  beginning  of  a  body  distinctively  ecclesi- 
astical, and  separate  from  the  city  vestry,  to  manage  Episcopal  affairs.  A 
few  months  later  we  find  the  "Managers  of  the  Affairs  of  the  Church  of 
England"  (July  23,  1696),  petitioning  Governor  Fletcher  to  be  allowed  to 
collect  funds  to  build  a  church.  This  request  was  also  granted.  They 
solicited  not  only  from  the  Dutch  and  the  French,  but  even  from  the  Jews ; 
for  a  better  feeling  was  now  existing,  after  the  concessions  demanded  by 
the  Dutch  Church  had  been  granted.  And  now  the  city  vestry,  having 
received  certificates  from  Rev.  Samuel  Myles  and  others,  of  Boston,  of  the 
ability  and  character  of  Mr.  William  Vesey,  "and  of  his  often  being  a  Com- 
municant in  ye  Receiving  ye  most  Holy  Sacrament  in  ye  said  Church"  of 
Boston,  actually  called  him,  on  Nov.  8,  1696,  "to  officiate  and  have  the  care 
of  Souls  in  this  City  of  New  York."  Mr.  Vesey  had  promised  to  go  to 
England  to  be  ordained  by  the  Bishop  of  London ;  and  the  city  vestry  now 
appropriated  ninety  pounds  for  this  purpose.  He  was  ordained  by  the 
Bishop  of  London  Aug.  2,  1697. 

Immediately  after  this  call  of  Mr.  Vesey,  new  "Managers  of  the  Church 
of  England"  were  chosen  (Nov.  2,  1696)  to  take  charge  of  all  the  affairs 
of  that  church.  These  must  not  be  confounded  with  the  city  vestry,  elected 
by  the  freeholders.  The  names  of  these  "Managers"  were  Caleb  Heath- 
cote,  Wm.  Merritt,  John  Tuder,  Jas.  Emott,  Henry  Wilson,  Thos.  Meaham, 
Jas.  Evetts,  John  Crooke,  Robt.  Lurten,  Saml.  Burtt,  Wm.  Morris,  and 
Nath.  Marston.  And  this  body  presented  a  petition  on  May  6,  1697,  for  a 
charter  for  Trinity  Church.3  They  first  refer  to  the  Ministry  Act  of  1693. 
which  directed  the  calling  of  "a  good,  sufficient,  Protestant  minister,"  and 


84  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 

that  £100  should  be  assessed  upon  the  city  for  his  salary.  They  then  assert 
that  "'there  was  noe  Publick  Church  or  building  for  the  said  Minister  to 
officiate  his  said  duty  in  the  Publique  Worship  and  Service  of  God,  Accord- 
ing to  the  practice  of  the  Church  of  England  Established  by  Law"  [?]  ; 
they  further  state  that  they  had  built  a  church  and  covered  the  same,  "but 
still  need  your  Excell.  countenance;"  they  then  ask  that  the  Governor 
would  grant  the  said  charter  to  the  petitioners  "in  trust,  for  all  those  that 
now  are  or  hereafter  may  be  in  the  Communion  of  the  Church  of  England 
as  now  established  by  law  [  ?]  ;  .  .  .  to  be  one  body  Politick  in  deed, 
fact,  and  Name,  and  under  the  name  of  the  members  in  communion  of  the 
Church  of  England  Established  by  Law"  [?]  ;  and  that  they  and  their  suc- 
cessors may  possess  all  advantages,  etc.,  usually  held  by  churches  of  the 
Church  of  England  within  his  Majesty's  realm;  and  that  the  maintenance 
of  £100,  referred  to  in  the  Ministry  Act,  be  granted  to  said  church  ;  and 
also,  such  adjoining  land  as  might  be  thought  fit. 

This  petition  was  at  once  granted.  "Ordered  that  a  warrant  issue  for 
the  drawing  of  their  charter  of  incorporation,  the  quitrent  to  be  one 
pepper  corn  as  desired."     (Council  Minutes.) 

But  the  charter  was  already  drawn  and  on  hand.  It  was  signed  on  the 
same  day  as  the  date  of  the  above  petition,  viz.,  May  6,  1696.  It  is  said  to 
be  founded  on  the  Ministry  Act  of  1693,  which,  it  declares,  established  the 
Church  of  England.  But  it  will  be  observed  that  this  act  was  not  signed 
by  the  King  until  May  11,  1696,  five  days  after  the  date  of  Trinity's  char- 
ter, and  nearly  four  years  after  the  act  was  passed.  Did  William  III.  delay 
his  signature  so  long  until  the  Dutch  Church  had  secured  its  charter?  And 
was  the  Ministry  Act  valid,  before  the  King  had  actually  signed  it;  and 
did  his  signature,  after  the  date  of  Trinity's  charter,  invalidate  that  char- 
ter? The  wisdom  of  the  Dutch  in  withstanding  the  Governor  until  lie  had 
given  them  a  church  charter  is  evident. 

SECOND  CHURCH  CHARTER  IN  NEW  YORK,  MAY  6.   1697. 

This  second  church  charter  first  declares  that  the  Ministry  Act  of  1693 
establishes  the  Church  of  England;  and  this  statement  is  repeated  no  less 
than  twelve  times  in  this  instrument.  It  declares  that  at  the  time  of  the 
passage  of  the  Ministry  Act  there  was  no  church  "whereunto  such  a  good, 
sufficient  Protestant  minister  might  have  been  inducted  for  his  officiating 
of  his  duty  in  the  public  worship  and  service  of  God,  according  to  the  rights 
and  ceremonies  of  our  Protestant  Church  of  England  established  by  out- 
laws." It  refers  to  the  contributions  of  Fletcher  and  others  for  the  erection 
of  a  church,  "that  the  public  worship  ...  of  God  .  .  .  might  be 
more  orderly  and  reverendly  performed."  It  asks  that  the  church  in  course 
of  erection,  and  the  churchyard,  310  feet  on  the  Broadway,  and  395  feet 
along  the  Hudson  River,  might  be  confirmed  unto  them;  and  that  the  £100 
which  the  Ministry  Act  provides  for  might  be  appropriated  to  said  church, 
and  that  the  adjacent  land  might  be  given  in  trust  to  the  same.  The  charter 
then  declares  that  the  said  church  and  ground  shall  be  the  parish  church. 
The  Bishop  of  London  [Dr.  Henry  Compton]  is  made  the  first  rector,  and 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  85 

his  successors  are  to  be  the  rectors  of  said  church;  and  the  said  rector, 
"with  the  Inhabitants  in  communion  of  the  Church  of  England  as  nozv  es- 
tablished by  our  lazes/'  are  made  a  body  corporate  and  politic.  "The  pat- 
ronage, advowson,  donation,  or  presentation  of  or  to  the  said  rectory  and 
parish,  after  the  decease  of  the  said  first  rector,  or  the  next  avoidance  there- 
of, shall  .  .  .  belong  ...  to  the  churchwardens  and  vestrymen ; 
.  .  .  and  all  succeeding  rectors  .  .  .  shall  be  presented,  collated,  in- 
stituted, and  inducted  as  other  rectors  .  .  .  are  accustomed  to  be." 
The  rector,  with  the  advice  of  the  vestrymen  and  churchwardens,  shall  from 
time  to  time  "nominate  one  able  Protestant  minister,  in  priests'  orders,  to 
reside  in  said  parish,  to  be  preacher  and  assistant  to  the  said  rector  and  his 
successors."  The  churchwardens  and  vestrymen  are  authorized  to  "tax, 
rate,  and  assess  the  yearly  sum  of  £30  upon  the  inhabitants  of  the  said  parish, 
in  communion  as  aforesaid,  for  the  payment  of  the  preacher's  assistant  and 
other  expenses."  The  said  church  is  declared  to  be  the  only  parish  church 
of  our  city  of  New  York;  and  "the  said  rector  of  the  said  parish  is  a  good, 
sufficient  Protestant  minister,  according  to  the  true  intent  and  meaning  of 
the  said  Act  of  Assembly"  of  1693 ;  and  the  yearly  maintenance  of  £100  au- 
thorized by  said  act  must  be  paid  to  him,  under  the  penalties  therein  con- 
tained. If  the  said  vestrymen  and  churchwardens  fail  or  refuse  to  raise  said 
money,  they  may  be  prosecuted  by  the  said  rector  therefor.  "And  we 
further  declare  it  to  be  our  royal  will  and  pleasure  that  nothing  herein  con- 
tained, nor  any  clause  or  article  herein  above  mentioned,  shall  be  construed 
or  taken  to  abridge  or  take  away  any  right,  privilege,  benefit,  liberty,  or 
license  that  we  have  heretofore  granted  unto  any  church  in  communion  of 
our  Protestant  faith,  within  our  said  province  of  New  York,  anything  con- 
tained herein  to  the  contrary  hereof  in  any  ways  notwithstanding.  6  May, 
1697."     (Patents  7,  p.  82,  etc.) 

Says  Bishop  Perry  :4  "It  is  even  now  a  matter  of  surprise  that  this  act, 
.  .  .  cstablisliing  the  church  in  the  city  of  New  York,  against  the  evident 
intent  and  will  of  the  Assembly,  should  have  been  carried  through  without 
eliciting  a  protest.  .  .  .  By  the  tacit  consent  of  the  Governor,  and  evi- 
dently without  questioning  on  the  part  of  those  concerned,  the  church- 
wardens and  vestrymen  to  be  elected  by  the  freeholders  of  the  city,  in 
accordance  with  the  act  of  the  Assembly  of  1693,  were  superseded  by,  and 
found  their  powers  vested  in,  the  churchwardens  and  vestrymen  of  Trinity 
Church,  elected  by  those  in  communion  with  the  Church  of  England  alone." 
But  this  is  not  exactly  correct. 

The  city  vestry  continued  to  be  elected  as  before,  and  was  the  only  body 
that  could  assess  and  collect  moneys ;  and  this  church  vestry  were  de- 
pendent on  their  action.  For  example,  the  city  vestry  refused  to  pay  Mr. 
Vesey's  salary  in  1714,  when  he  was  in  England  and  away  from  his  charge. 
The  Dutch,  having  obtained  their  own  charter,  simply  allowed  the  second 
charter  to  pass.  But  could  they  have  failed  to  see  the  invalidity  of  this 
charter,  professing,  as  it  did,  to  be  founded  on  the  Ministry  Act,  which,  the 
charter  said,  established  the  Church  of  England?  The  Dutch  Assembly 
well  knew  that  this  was  not  a  fact. 

The  adjacent  land  asked  for  in  the  above  charter  was  the  "King's  farm," 


86  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

which  was  leased  by  the  Governor  on  Aug.  17,  1697,  to  Trinity  Church  for 
seven  years.5  This  plot  lay  between  Fulton  and  Chambers  Streets,  Broad- 
way and  the  North  River. 

Originally  it  had  been  known  as  the  "West  India  Company's  farm," 
which  was  tilled  for  the  benefit  of  the  company's  servants.  Upon  the 
English  conquest  it  became  the  property  of  the  Duke  of  York,  and  was 
known  as  the  "Duke's  farm."  North  of  this,  and  extending  to  Christopher 
Street,  was  the  domine's  bouwerie  or  farm.  This  was  originally  conveyed 
by  Governor  van  Twiller  to  Roeloff  Jansen,  and  is  the  celebrated  Anneke 
Jans  property.  It  was  confirmed  to  her  (then  the  widow  of  Domine  Bo- 
gardus)  in  1654  by  Peter  Stuyvesant.  Subsequently,  by  purchase  of  the 
heirs  of  Anneke  Jans,  or  otherwise,  the  "Duke's  farm"  was  extended  over 
the  domine's  bouwerie.  In  1685  all  this  property  became  known  as  the 
"King's  farm,"  when  the  Duke  became  King.  With  the  accession  of  Queen 
Anne  (1702)  it  was  called  the  "Queen's  farm."  The  Governors  enjoyed 
the  benefit  of  it.  But  Fletcher's  lease  of  this  property  to  Trinity  Church 
was  one  of  the  complaints"  which  was  subsequently  urged  against  him.  It 
was  said  that  this  lease  deprived  future  Governors  of  many  conveniences. 
Fletcher  defends  himself  by  saying  that  a  lease  of  twenty  years  granted  by 
Andros  (1677-97)  had  just  expired,  under  a  nominal  rent  of. sixty  bushels 
of  wheat ;  that  he  was  offered  i200  for  a  lease  of  it,  but  refused.  "But  in- 
asmuch as  a  church  was  then  building  for  the  English  part  of  the  Colony, 
and  of  which  it  was  destitute  before  my  time ;  I  did,  for  incouragement  of 
that  worke,  grant  a  lease  thereof  to  the  Church  Wardens ;  it  was  without 
fine,  at  the  old  reserved  rent,  and  only  for  seaven  years.  But  if  building 
churches  be  a  crime,  I  shall  take  warning  how  I  build  any  more.  I  will  only 
add  that  as  I  never  took  one  acre  of  land  for  myself  or  children,  so  had  I 
never  any  reward  for  any  that  was  granted." 

On  Jan.  8,  1698  (1699),  Weaver,  the  agent  of  the  Government,  writes:" 

"The  King's  farm  was  leased  out  by  Colonel  Fletcher  even  when  my  Lord 
Bellomont  was  known  to  be  on  his  voyage  to  New  Yorke,  as  most  of  the 
other  great  grants  were  after  the  Earl's  designation  to  the  government. 
Colonel  Fletcher  assumes  the  glory  of  building  churches,  which  never  was 
imputed  to  him  as  a  crime,  if  it  was  true ;  but  the  Church  of  New  York  was 
not  built  by  him,  but  by  a  contribution  of  several  even  of  the  French  and 
Dutch  churches,  as  well  as  English,  and  an  allowance  of  £100  per  annum 
given  to  an  English  minister  by  an  act  of  the  country,  which  is  levied,  the 
greater  part  of  it,  on  Dutch  and  French  inhabitants.  Therefore,  there  was 
no  necessity  to  lease  the  King's  farm  to  the  Church- Wardens  (which 
Fletcher  did  just  before  Bellomont  arrived),  nor  to  call  this  lease  a  building 
of  churches,  and  make  that  the  pretense  of  hindering  a  succeeding  Governor 
from  the  beneficial  use  of  the  farm  for  the  conveniency  of  his  family." 

The  last  sentence  of  Trinity's  charter  undoubtedly  refers  to  the  special 
rights  granted  to  the  Dutch  Church  in  the  preceding  year,  as  there  was  no 
other  body  to  which  it  could  apply.  But  the  charter  of  Trinity  Church 
practically  failed  to  accomplish  the  objects  attempted,  and  much  subse- 
quent legislation  was  necessary  to  give  legal  existence  to  the  corporation. 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 


87 


But  during  all  this  time  a  spirit  of  Christian  courtesy  prevailed  between 
the  Dutch  and  English  clergymen.  The.  Rev.  Mr.  Vesey,  the  first  minister 
of  Trinity  Church,  was  inducted  into  office  on  Christmas  Day  (1697)  in  the 
Dutch  Church  in  Garden  Street.  On  that  occasion  Rev.  Mr.  Selyns,  the 
pastor,  and  Rev.  Mr.  Nucella,  of  Kingston,  says  the  historian,  Brodhead, 
bore  a  principal  part  in  the  services.  Mr.  Vesey  subsequently  officiated  in 
the  Dutch  Church,  alternately  with  the  Dutch  clergyman,  until  March  13, 
1698,  when  the  building  of  Trinity  Church  was  completed.  This  courtesy 
was  returned  during  the  Revolutionary  War.  The  Middle  Dutch  Church 
was  then  desecrated  by  British  soldiery,  and  the  vestry  of  Trinity  passed  the 
following  resolution  in  1779:  "It  being  represented  that  the  old  Dutch 
Church  is  now  used  as  a  hospital  for  his  Majesty's  troops,  this  corporation, 
impressed  with  a  grateful  remembrance  of  the  former  kindness  of  the  mem- 
bers of  that  ancient  church,  do  offer  the  use  of  St.  George's  Church  to  that 
congregation  for  celebrating  divine  worship."  The  offer  was  accepted.9 
[Lydekker,  Garret.] 

Many  charges  were  made  against  Fletcher,  especially  respecting  large  land 
grants,  and  he  was  therefore  recalled  in  1697.  He  left  New  York  in  the 
spring  of  1698.  Almost  all  historians  of  his  times  give  him  an  unenviable 
character.  Dr.  Dix,  in  his  history  of  Trinity  Church,  tries  to  vindicate 
him. 


:Op  't  blote  water  stelt  geen  hoop, 

'Twas  beter  nooyt  geboren; 
Maar  ziet  icts  meerder  in  de  Doop 

(Zoo  gaet  men  noyt  verloren) : 
Hoc  Christus  met  syn  dierbaer  Bloedt, 

My  reynigt  van  myn  Zonden, 
En  door  eyn  Geest  my  leven  doet, 

En  wast  myn  Vuyle  Wonden. 


Not  on  mere  water  fix  your  sight, 

Ne'er  to  've  been  born  were  better; 
But  look  for  more  in  Baptism's  rite, 

Than  that  which  kills — the  letter. 
For,  with  His   precious  blood   Christ 
knows 

How  from  my  sins  to  cleanse  me; 
And  by  His  Spirit  life  bestows, 

Washing  the  wound  that  stains  me. 


2Thos.  Clarke,  Robt.  Lurting,  Jer.  Tothill,  Caleb  Heathcote,  Jas.  Evetts,  Wm. 
Morris,  Eben  Wilson,  Wm.  Merrett,  Jas.  Emott,  R.  Ashfield.     Doc.  Hist.,  iii,  247. 
"Doc.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  Vol.  iii,  pp.  248-9,  4to  ed. 

♦Bishop  Perry's  "Hist  of  the  Am.  Epis.  Ch.,"  Vol.  i,  p.  162;  Vol.  ii,  p.  474. 
"Council  "Journal,"  pp.  235,  240. 
•Col.  Docs.,  Vol.  iv,  p.  434. 
'Ibid.,  Vol.  iv.,  p.  448. 

*Col.  Docs.,  Vol.  iv,  pp.  462,  463,  490;  Vol.  v,  pp.  23,  390,  etc. 
•Brodhead's  "New  York,"  Vol.  i,  p.  119;  Collegiate  Ch.  Year  Book,  1891,  p.  74. 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 


CHAPTER  VII. 

THE   CHURCH   DURING   THE   REIGN    OF   WILLIAM   III.    CON- 
TINUED   (1698-1702)    AND   QUEEN   ANNE    (1702-08). 


GOVERNORS  BELLOMONT  AND  CORNBURY. 

Lord  Bellomont  succeeded  Governor  Fletcher.  He  arrived  April  2, 
1698.  His  Instructions,  as  well  as  those  given  to  later  Governors,  did 
not  vary  materially  from  those  given  to  Fletcher,  and  they  need  not  be 
repeated.  But  the  efforts  to  force  the  Church  of  England  upon  the  people 
need  to  be  told.  Bellomont  disapproved  of  Fletcher's  scheme  for  "settling 
a  ministry."     Writing  to  the  Lords  of  Trade  on  June  22,  1698,  he  says:1 

"The  late  Governor  made  advantage  to  divide  the  people  by  supposing 
a  Dutch  and  English  interest  to  be  different  here,  and  therefore,  under 
the  notion  of  a  Church  of  England,  to  be  put  in  opposition  to  the  Dutch 
and  French  churches  established  here,  he  supported  a  few  rascally  English 
who  are  a  scandall  to  their  nation  and  the  Protestant  religion,  and  who 
joined  with  him  in  the  worst  methods  of  gaine  and  severely  used  the 
Dutch,  except  some  few  Merchants,  whose  trade  he  favored,  who  ought 
to  have  an  equal  benefit  of  the  English  Govern*,  who  are  most  hearty  for 
his  present  Majty,  and  are  a  sober,  industrious  people,  and  obedient  to 
Govern*." 

But  Bellomont  was  also  opposed  to  the  charter  of  the  Dutch  Church. 
Again  writing  to  the  Lords  of  Trade2  (Nov.  1,  1898),  he  says  : 

"There  goes  with  this  a  copy  of  a  charter  granted  by  Colonel  Fletcher 
to  the  Dutch  Church  here,  which  I  think  very  extraordinary,  for  it  is 
setting  up  a  petty  jurisdiction  to  fly  in  the  face  of  the  government,  as  I 
have  found  in  my  own  experience;  for  being  told  that  Colonel  Fletcher 
had  a  bribe3  for  passing  this  charter,  I  sent  to  the  Church-Masters  (so 
called  by  the  Dutch),  which  I  suppose  are  equivalent  to  our  Church- 
Wardens,  for  a  sight  of  their  Church  Book,  wherein  I  was  told  I  should 
find  an  entry  made  of  the  said  bribe.  The  Church-Masters  told  me  they 
could  not  consent  to  my  seeing  the  book  till  they  had  spoke  to  the  min- 
ister, Mr.  Selynus ;  then  I  sent  them  to  Mr.  Selynus  to  desire  he  would 
let  me  have  a  sight  of  it ;  to  which  he  returned  answer  he  could  not  do  it, 
till  he  had  called  a  Consistory.  This  behaviour  of  theirs  I  confesse  pro- 
voked me,  and  I  did  resolve  to  have  a  sight  of  the  booke,  tho'  I  should  send 
a  Constable  with  my  warrant  to  bring  it  by  force;  but  I  thought  it  best  to 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  89 

try  fair  means,  and  I  sent  to  speak  with  Mr.  Selynus,  and  by  speaking  him 
fair,  I  did  prevail  to  see  the  Church  Book,  out  of  which  I  have  copied 
the  entry  of  the  said  present.  The  charter  goes  (No.  8)  and  the  extract 
out  of  the  Church-Book  is   (No.  9)." 

In  April,  1699.  the  civil  and  military  officers  of  Queens  County  presented 
a  petition  to  the  Assembly  respecting  the  support  of  a  dissenting  ministry. 
A  favorable  report  on  the  petition  was  made,  and  a  bill  was  accordingly 
prepared.     An  amendment  was  proposed  :4 

"That  this  Act  nor  any  clause  therein  contained,  shall  extend  to  ye 
hindrance  of  ye  Dutch  and  French  churches  establisht  in  this  Province, 
nor  constrain  ye  Citty  of  New  York,  ye  Citty  of  Albany,  ye  County  of 
Ulster  or  Kings  County  to  call  any  other  ministers  unless  at  their  pleasure." 

The  council  suggested  its  rejection  because  of  the  nature  of  the  King's 
Instructions  to  Bellomont  relating  to  the  settlement  of  religion.  But  the 
council  proposed  to  join  with  the  Assembly  in  an  address  to  the  King  to 
allow  an  assessment  for  the  support  of  the  Presbyterian  and  Independent 
ministers  "until  some  better  order  can  be  in  this  province  had  for  the 
settlement  of  a  more  orthodox  Ministry." 

Bellomont  himself  writes  on  July  22,  1699,  to  the  Lords  of  Trade  on  this 
matter  :6 

"The  House  of  Representatives  sent  up  a  Bill  to  me  and  the  Councill  for 
settling  a  Dissenting  Ministry  in  that  Province,  but  it  being  contrary  to 
his  Majesty's  instructions,  and  besides  having  been  credibly  informed  that 
some  of  those  ministers  do  hold  strange  erronious  opinions  in  matters  of 
Faith  and  Doctrine,  I  would  not  give  the  Assent  to  that  Bill,  but  re- 
jected it." 

This  was  a  great  disappointment  to  that  people.  Bellomont  was.  how- 
ever, more  liberal  than  most  of  the  Governors.  Yet  the  great  discrepancy 
in  numbers  between  the  non-Episcopal  churches  and  the  Church  of  England 
is  seen  from  the  following  table  of  the  churches  in  New  York  for  the 
year  1700: 

Presbyterian. 

Reformed    Dutch 29 

Reformed    French 4 

Reformed    German 1 

Presbyterian    g 

43 

Miscellaneous. 

Independents   4 

Lutheran  2 

Episcopalian 1 

50 


90  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 


MINISTRY  OF  DELLIUS. 


Rev.  Godfrey  Dellius  had  been  called  to  the  Dutch  Church  of  Albany  in 
1683  as  an  assistant  of  Schaats  in  his  declining  days.  For  the  first  half- 
dozen  years  he  quietly  performed  his  ministerial  duties,  but  during  the 
subsequent  decade  he  was  much  entangled  in  civil  affairs.  He,  in  common 
with  all  the  Reformed  clergy,  took  part  against  Leisler's  administration 
(1689-91).  He  was  an  earnest  teacher  of  the  Mohawk  Indians.  After 
the  Leisler  troubles  he  was  on  the  point  of  embarking  for  Europe,  but 
Governor  Sloughter  urged  him  to  remain.  He  complied,  especially,  as  he 
said,  for  the  sake  of  continuing  his  labors  among  the  poor  Indians,  who 
expressed  their  gratitude  to  the  Governor  for  his  effort  to  retain  him.  The 
Government  allowed  him  i6o  per  year  for  teaching  them.  He,  like  Domine 
Megapolensis  before  him,  greatly  restrained  their  ferocities  toward  their 
French  prisoners.  Father  Milet,  when  a  prisoner  among  the  Oneidas, 
was  saved  much  suffering  through  Dellius'  influence.  Milet,  while  a  cap- 
tive, wrote  him  several  letters.  Father  Dablon,  another  Jesuit  missionary 
in  Canada,  warmly  thanked  him  for  his  services,  and  offered  to  secure  him 
pecuniary  compensation  for  his  kindness  from  any  port  of  France  which 
he  might  name.  Dellius  also  corresponded  with  Governor  Fletcher  about 
the  French  and  English  difficulties.  Each  nation  sought  to  monopolize 
the  fur  trade  with  the  Indians  of  central  New  York.  He  was  often,  also, 
a  civil  agent  to  the  Indians,  and  had  a  remarkable  power  over  them.  With 
the  conclusion  of  peace  in  Europe  between  the  English  and  French,  Dellius 
and  Peter  Schuyler  were  sent  as  agents  to  Canada,  to  Count  de  Frontenac 
(April,  1698),  to  announce  the  peace  and  bring  to  an  end  provincial  hos- 
tilities. They  took  with  them  nineteen  French  prisoners,  and  secured  the 
delivery  of  those  held  by  the  French.  This  was  done  under  the  authority 
of  Governor  Bellomont. 

We  cannot  enter  minutely  into  the  complicated  land-grant  questions  in 
which  he, now  became  involved.  [Dellius.]  Governor  Bellomont  made 
charges  against  him  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam;  but  Rev.  Mr.  Vesey 
prayed  for  him  by  name,  in  Trinity  Church,  that  God  would  deliver  him 
from  his  enemies.  Seven  hundred  pounds  were  raised  by  his  friends  to 
send  him  to  England  to  defeat  certain  legislation  concerning  the  grants  of 
lands  in  question.  The  Classis  of  Amsterdam  sent  a  formal  complaint  to 
the  Bishop  of  London  concerning  Governor  Bellomont's  treatment  of 
Dellius.  He  also  carried  with  him  numerous  certificates  vindicating  the 
propriety  of  his  conduct,  the  two  French  Reformed  clergymen  and  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Vesey  giving  theirs  among  the  rest.  He  made  an  elaborate 
answer  (Oct.  21,  1700)  to  Bellomont's  charges  before  the  Classis  of  Am- 
sterdam and  the  Classis  completely  exonerated  Dellius.8  Their  reply  to 
Bellomont  (Dec.  29,  1700)  is  unique.  They  thank  him  heartily  for  his 
general  zeal  for  religion,  and  then  add : 

"My  lord,  even  as  we  on  the  one  hand,  are  sure  that  these  things  were 
written  by  your  Excellency  with  a  hearty  sorrow  over  such  evil  conduct, 
so  unbecoming  a  minister  of  the  Gospel,  and  the  cause  of  so  great  scandal 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  91 

among  papists  and  heathen;  so,  on  the  other  hand,  we  trust  that  nothing 
can  be  more  pleasant  to  your  Excellency  than  further  information  con- 
cerning these  matters.  And  as  we  mourned  with  your  Excellency,  as  we 
read  and  pondered  your  Excellency's  letter  and  the  things  therein  con- 
tained against  the  Rev.  Dellius ;  so  may  your  Excellency  from  the  heart, 
again  rejoice  with  us,  upon  hearing  from  the  defence  of  the  Rev.  Dellius, 
that  the  Romanists  have  no  need  to  defame  the  Protestants  on  account  of 
the  conduct  of  Rev.  Dellius,  nor  have  the  heathen  any  reason  to  blaspheme 
the  name  of  God  on  his  account." 

The  charges  are  then  taken  up  separately,  and  answered.  In  conclusion 
the  Classis  says : 

"We  hope  that  your  Excellency  will  be  satisfied  with  this  answer,  and 
will  endeavor,  at  every  opportunity  to  ward  off  such  charges  from  the 
Gospel  ministry,  by  enlightening  those  who  have  no  proper  knowledge  of 
the  facts." 

Bellomont  died  March  5,  1701,  about  nine  weeks  after  this  letter  of  the 
Classis  was  written.  Did  he  ever  see  it?  The  Bishop  of  London  expressed 
his  regret  that  so  useful  a  man  as  Dellius  had  been  interrupted  in  his 
ministry  by  Bellomont. 

ROMAN  CATHOLICS   (1700). 

The  early  efforts  of  the  French  Canadian  Jesuits  to  win  the  Indians  of 
central  New  York  have  already  been  referred  to.  When  New  Netherland 
was  conquered  by  the  English  in  1664  the  Middle  Colonies  came  under 
Romish  rulers ;  for  Charles  II.  and  James  were  Catholics.  Lieutenant- 
Governors  Brockholls  (1674)  and  Baxter  (1682)  were  Catholics.  Gov- 
ernor Dongan  (1683)  was  a  Catholic.  He  was  accompanied  by  the  Jesuit 
father,  Thomas  Harvey.  Subsequently  Fathers  Henry  Harrison  and 
Charles  Gage  arrived,  accompanied  by  two  lay  brothers.  A  Catholic  chapel 
was  opened  in  the  fort.  We  have  before  seen  that  the  complete  toleration 
given  to  all  sects  by  James  had  the  ulterior  object  of  securing  a  sure  lodg- 
ment for  Romanism  in  New  York. 

But  with  the  accession  of  William  all  these  efforts  came  to  a  sudden  end. 
The  Jesuit  fathers  barely  escaped  capture  by  Leisler,  who  raised  a  great 
cry  against  Popery.  The  Romish  mission  in  New  York,  although  an  at- 
tempt to  revive  it  was  made,  was  finally  abandoned  in  1696,  when  Fletcher 
reported  only  nine  Catholics.  The  result  of  all  these  efforts  was  a  law 
excluding  all  Catholic  priests.  From  1700  until  the  American  Revolution 
Romanism  was  virtually  extinct  in  the  Middle  Colonies.  However  unjust 
such  action  now  appears  to  us,  yet  it  was  caused  by  the  policy  of  James. 
As  the  law  is  not  generally  accessible,  and  is  of  considerable  interest,  we 
give  its  text: 


92  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 

THE  SEVENTH  ASSEMBLY. 

Second  Session. 

12.   William    III.   Richard.   Earl   of   Bellomont,   Governor. 

AN    ACT   AGAINST   JESUITS   AND   POPISH    PRIESTS. 

(Passed  Aug.  9.  1700.) 
•'Whereas  divers  Jesuits  preists  and  popish  missionaries  have  of, late 
come,  and  for  Some  time  have  had  their  residence  in  the  remote  parts  of 
this  Province,  and  other  his  ma'tys  adjacent  Colonies;  who  by  their  wicked 
and  Subtle  Insinuations  Industriously  Labour  to  Debauch  Seduce  and 
vv'thdraw  the  Indians  from  their  due  obedience  unto  his  most  Sacred 
ma'ty,  and  to  Excite  and  Stir  them  up  to  Sedition  Rebellion  and  open  Hos- 
tility against  his  ma'tys  Goverm't ; 

"For  prevention  whereof,  Bee  it  Enacted  by  his  Excel,  the  Gov'r., 
Council  and  Representatives  Convened  in  Generall  Assembly,  and  it  is 
hereby  Enacted  by  the  Authority  of  the  Same.  That  all  and  every  Jesuit 
and  Seminary  Preist.  missionary  or  other  Spirituall  or  Ecclesiasticall  per- 
son, made  or  ordained  by  any  Authority  power  or  jurisdiction  derived, 
Challenged  or  p'tended  from  the  Pope  or  See  of  Rome,  now  resideing  w'th 
in  this  province  or  any  part  thereof,  shall  depart  from  and  cut  of  the  Same 
at  or  before  the  first  day  of  November  next  in  this  present  year  Seaventeen 
hundred. 

"And  be  it  further  Enacted  by  the  authority  aforesaid.  That  all  and 
every  Jesuit,  Seminary  Preist,  Missionary  or  other  Spirituall  or  Ecclesi- 
asticall person,  made  or  Ordained  by  any  Authority  power  or  Jurisdiction 
derived,  Challenged  or  p'tended  from  the  pope  or  See  of  Rome,  or  that 
shall  profess  himself,  or  otherwise  appear  to  be  Such,  by  preaching  & 
teaching  of  others  to  Say  any  popish  prayers,  by  Celebrating  masses,  grant- 
ing of  absolutions,  or  using  any  other  of  the  Romish  Ceremonies  & 
Rites  of  worship,  by  what  name  title  or  degree  So  ever  such  a  person 
shall  be  called  or  known,  who  shall  Continue,  abide,  remaine  or  come 
into  this  province,  or  any  part  thereof,  after  ye  first  day  of  November 
aforesaid,  shall  be  deemed  and  Accounted  an  incendiary  and  disturber  of 
the  publick  peace  and  Safety  and  an  Enemy  to  the  true  Christian  Religion, 
and  shalll  be  adjudged  to  Suffer  perpetuall  Imprisonm't;  and  if  any  person, 
being  So  Sentenced  and  actually  Imprisoned,  shall  break  prison  and  make 
his  Escape  and  be  afterwards  retaken  he  shall  Suffer  such  paines  of  Death 
penalties  and  forfeitures  as  in  Cases  of  ffelony. 

"And  it  is  further  Enacted  by  the  authority  aforesaid:  That  every  per- 
son that  shall  wittingly  and  willingly  receive,  harbour,  Conceale,  aid,  Suc- 
cour and  releive  any  Jesuit  preist,  missionary  or  other  Ecclesiastical  person 
of  the  Romish  Clergy,  knowing  him  to  be  Such,  and  be  thereof  lawfully 
Convicted  before  any  of  his  ma'tys  Courts  of  Records  w'th  in  this  Province, 
w'ch  Courts  are  hereby  Impowered  and  Authorized  to  hear,  try  and  Deter- 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  93 

mine  the  Same,  he  shall  forfeit  the  Sum  of  two  hundred  pounds  Currant 
mony  of  this  Province,  one-half  to  his  Maty,  for  and  towards  the  Support 
of  the  Goverm't,  and  the  other  half  to  the  Informer  who  shall  sue  for  ye 
Same  in  any  Court  of  Record  w'thin  this  province,  wherein  no  Essoyn, 
protection  or  wager  of  Law  shall  be  allowed ;  and  Such  person  shall  be 
further  punished  by  being  Set  in  ye  pillory  on  three  Severall  dayes  and 
also  be  bound  to  the  good  behaviour  at  the  discretion  of  the  Court. 

"And  be  it  further  Enacted  by  the  Authority  aforesaid :  That  it  shall  and 
may  be  Lawfull  to  and  for  every  Justice  of  the  peace,  to  cause  any  person 
or  persons  Suspected  of  being  a  Jesuit,  Seminary  Preist,  or  of  the  Romish 
Clergy,  to  be  apprehended  &  Convented  before  himself  &  Some  other  of 
his  ma'tys  Justices,  and  if  Such  person  do  not  give  Sattisfactory  acco't  of 
himself  he  shall  be  Committed  to  prison  in  order  to  a  Tryall ;  also  it  shall 
and  may  be  Lawful  to  and  for  any  person  or  persons  to  app'rehend,  w'thout 
a  warrant,  any  Jesuit  Seminary  preist  or  other  of  the  Romish  Clergy,  as 
aforesaid,  and  to  Convent  him  before  ye  Gov'r,  or  any  two  of  the  Council, 
to  be  Examined  and  Imprisoned  in  order  to  a  Tryall,  unless  he  give  a 
Sattisfactory  acco't  of  himself;  and  as  it  will  be  Esteemed  and  accepted 
as  a  good  Service  don  for  ye  King  by  the  person  who  shall  Seiz  &  appre- 
hend any  Jesuit  Preist,  missionary,  or  Romish  Ecclesiactick,  as  aforesaid, 
So  the  Gov'r  of  this  province  for  ye  time  being  w'th  ye  advice  &  Consent 
of  the  Council  may  Suitably  reward  him  as  they  think  fitt. 

"Provided  this  act  shall  not  Extend,  or  be  Construed  to  Extend  unto  any 
of  the  Romish  Clergy,  who  shall  happen  to  be  Shipwrackt,  or  thro'  other 
adversity  shall  be  cast  on  shoure  or  driven  into  this  province,  So  as  he 
Continue  or  abide  no  Longer  w'thin  ye  Same  than  untill  he  may  have 
opportunity  of  passage  for  his  Departure;  So  also  as  Such  person  Immedi- 
ately upon  his  arrivall  shall  forthw'th  attend  ye  Gov'r,  if  near  to  ye  place  of 
his  Residence,  or  otherwise  on  one  or  more  of  ye  Council  or  next  Justices 
of  the  peace,  &  acquaint  y'm  w'th  his  Circumstances  &  observe  ye  Di- 
reccons  w'ch  they  shall  give  him  during  his  stay  in  ye  province."  See 
Council  Journal,  pp.  146-7.     Confirmed  by  Queen  Anne,  May  20,  1708. 


PRESBYTERIANS. 

Up  to  the  year  1700  there  had  been,  in  all,  about  twenty-five  Presby- 
terian ministers  in  service  in  the  Middle  Colonies.  At  that  date  there 
were  not  more  than  eight  or  ten  actually  laboring  on  that  territory.  There 
had  been  also  about  twenty-two  Presbyterian  churches  established  within 
the  same  limits,  before  1700.  It  is  not  always  easy,  however,  to  distinguish 
between  the  Presbyterian  and  Congregational  churches.  Eleven  of  these 
churches  were  on  Long  Island ;  four  in  New  Jersey ;  three  in  Westchester ; 
one  in  Philadelphia ;  and  two  in  Delaware ;  in  connection  with  which  may 
be  mentioned  the  Church  of  Snow  Hill  in  Maryland.7  In  1705  the  Presby- 
tery  of  Philadelphia  was  formed,  and  Presbyterianism  rapidly  developed 
from  that  time.  The  first  Presbyterian  church  in  New  York  City  was  not 
established  until  1717. 


94  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 


EPISCOPALIANS. 

In  the  year  1700  there  were  only  four  Episcopal  churches  in  the  Middle 
Colonies,  and  only  seven  Episcopal  ministers  had  officiated  within  those 
bounds  before  1700,  exclusive  of  the  chaplains  of  the  troops.  The  Society 
for  Propagating  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts  had  been  chartered  in  1701/ 
This  society  helped  in  the  support  of  many  Episcopal  ministers  in  America, 
and  provided  to  some  extent  for  missionary  work  among  the  Indians  and 
Negroes. 

Bellomont  was  a  democrat  at  heart.  While  not  without  great  faults,  he 
found  many  wrongs  in  New  York,  and  these,  in  a  way  somewhat  rough, 
he  endeavored  to  righten.  He  understood  the  fallacy  of  the  pretended  es- 
tablishment of  the- Church  of  England  by  the  Act  of  1693.  Indeed,  no  one 
could  be  mistaken  about  the  real  design  of  that  act,  however  earnestly  in- 
terested parties  asserted  the  contrary,  and  however  frequently  such  asser- 
tions were  subsequently  incorporated  in  legal  instruments.  Bellomont  tried 
to  be  fair  to  all  religious  bodies,  although  he  was  judged  severely  for  this 
by  Episcopalians.  While  far  from  a  model  saint,  and  somewhat  foolish  in 
his  zeal  against  land  grants,  and  believing  all  sorts  of  rumors  far  too 
easily,  he  was  a  Governor  fairer  to  all  sides  than  his  predecessors  or  suc- 
cessor. 

Cornbury  arrived  on  May  3,  1702.  He  wrote  an  elaborate  letter  to  Col- 
onel Hedges  in  1705  reviewing  the  entire  history  of  the  province.8  He 
touched  upon  all  the  English  Governors,  and  says  that  Trinity  Church  was 
the  first  English  church  built  in  the  province.  Referring  to  Bellomont,  he 
says: 

"That  noble  lord,  thought  fit  to  encourage  the  Dutch  people  here,  much 
more  than  the  English,  by  which  means  the  Dutch  were  got  into  all  sores 
of  imployments,  and  noe  English  men  in  (any)  place  .  .  .  where 
Dutch  could  be  found  to  supply  them." 

This  shows  at  least  his  impartiality.  He  suggested  that  the  Queen 
should  restrain  the  power  of  the  Assemblies,  or  they  will  be  claiming  some 
new  right  every  day.  Most  of  the  English,  especially  those  on  Long 
Island,  are  dissenters.  They  are  in  no  wise  fond  of  monarchy  and  desire  to 
encroach  on  the  prerogative.  He  says  that  the  English  and  Scotch  are 
numerous  in  New  Jersey,  that  the  Quakers  had  for  a  time  all  the  power 
in  their  hands,  and  had  used  it  very  arbitrarily.  He  refers  to  the  recently 
organized  church  at  Burlington,  N.  J.,  which  he  had  named  St.  Ann's. 

But,  as  might  have  been  expected,  the  Ministry  Act  of  1693  could  not  be 
worked  very  successfully  to  accomplish  what  it  was  never  intended  to 
accomplish.  Successive  supplementary  acts  were  passed,  but  even  with 
these  additions  but  small  results  were  secured  for  the  Church  of 
England.  For  example,  in  1703,  Cornbury  laid  before  the  Council  a  bill 
entitled  "An  Act  for  the  Better  Establishment  of  the  Maintenance  for  the 
Minister  of  the  City  of  New  York."10    And  it  was  actually  passed  by  the 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  95 

Assembly  on  May  19,  probably  nemine  contradicente.  Very  little,  if  any- 
thing, had  been  collected  under  the  provisions  of  the  Ministry  Act  during 
the  nine  years  since  its  passage.11  This  bill  stated  that  the  £100  provided 
for  in  that  act  were  not  enough ;  that  the  minister  (of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land) had  to  be  supported  largely  by  voluntary  gifts;  that  £160  should 
henceforth  be  assessed  and  collected  for  his  support;  that  the  city  vestry 
must  assess  and  collect  that  amount  under  the  penalty  of  various  fines 
which  were  enumerated,  if  the  work  was  not  done.  Justices,  constables, 
the  city  vestry,  and  individuals,  were  all  to  be  fined  for  any  refusal  to  obey 
this  law.  But  this  supplementary  act,  again,  was  founded  on  assertions 
about  the  Ministry  Act  which  had  no  existence  in  fact. 

A  year  later,  therefore,  another  act  was  necessary,  and  this  was  to  re- 
incorporate Trinity  Church.  It  is  entitled :  "An  Act  for  Granting  Sundry 
Privileges  and  Powers  to  the  Rector  and  Inhabitants  of  the  City  of  New 
York,  of  the  Communion  of  the  Church  of  England,  as  by  Law  estab- 
lished."12 Passed  June  27,  1704.— After  referring  to  their  different  pieces 
of  property,  it  was  declared  that  the  "Rector  and  inhabitants  of  New  York 
city  should  be  incorporated  that  they  might  lawfully  hold  and  enjoy  their 
property  hitherto  acquired  in  as  firm  and  ample  a  manner,  in  the  Law,  as 
if  the  said  Rector  and  Inhabitants  had  been  legally  incorporated,"  etc. 
Reference  is  then  made  to  the  Act  of  Toleration,  as  if  applying  also  to 
America. 

Cornbury  thus  refers  to  this  act : 

"The  reason  for  my  ascenting  to  the  first  of  these  Acts  is  because  the 
Rector  and  Vestry  of  Trinity  Church  have  a  charter  from  Coll.  Fletcher, 
when  he  was  Gov1"  here,  and  they  have  been  told  that  charter  is  defective ; 
so  they  applyed  to  me  for  one  that  might  be  more  sufficient.  I  told  them 
that  I  did  not  perceive  by  my  Commission  I  have  any  power  to  grant  Char- 
ters of  incorporation,  and  that  I  would  not  venture  to  do  it  without  such  a 
power;  some  time  afterward  they  came  to  me  again,  and  desired  I  would 
give  them  leave  to  offer  a  Bill  to  the  General  Assembly  to  be  passed  into 
an  Act  for  settling  the  Church ;  I  told  them  I  did  consent  to  it,  because  by 
that  means  the  Queen  would  have  the  matter  fairly  before  her,  and  I  most 
humbly  intreat  Your  LordPPs  favorable  representation  of  that  Act  to  her 
Majesty  that  it  may  be  confirmed." 

In  the  same  year  (1704)  Mr.  Vesey  gives  an  interesting  and  general  ac- 
count of  the  progress  and  hopes  of  Episcopacy  in  the  province  of  New 
York.  Concerning  the  particular  act  above  alluded  to,  implying  the  in- 
validity of  their  Charter  of  1697,  he  thus  speaks  :13 

"His  Excellency  hath  also  by  a  law  (1704)  incorporated  the  Rector  and 
all  the  Inhabitants  9f  this  City  of  New  York  that  are  in  communion  with 
the  Church  of  England,  as  by  law  established  (.'),  by  which  they  and  their 
successours  are  vested  with  sundry  rights  and  privileges ;  particularly  the 
said  law  hath  enacted,  that  the  patronage  and  advowson  of  the  said 
Church,  and  rights  of  presentation,  after  the  death  of  the  present  Incum- 
bent,  or   upon   the  next   avoidance,    shall   forever   thereafter   belong  and 


0.6  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

appertain  to  the  church-wardens  and  Vestrymen  of  the  said  church,  in 
communion  with  the  Church  of  England,  which  before  was  in  the  Vestry 
chosen  by  all  the  Inhabitants  of  the  said  city.  This  privilege  establishes 
the  church  upon  a  sure  and  lasting  foundation." 

In  this  letter  of  Mr.  Vesey's,  he  refers  to  the  religious  privileges  of  the 
different  sections  of  the  country.  He  speaks  of  the  four  Dutch  churches 
in  Kings  County,  and  thinks  that  an  Episcopal  minister  might  have  some 
success  among  them.  He  tells  of  the  efforts  to  establish  Episcopacy  in  the 
towns  of  Queens  County;  that  Suffolk  County  is  wholly  possessed  by  the 
Independents ;  and  of  the  efforts  of  his  church  in  Westchester  and  Rich- 
mond Counties.  Concerning  Ulster  County,  he  refers  to  the  recent  de- 
parture of  Rev.  Mr.  Nucella  to  Europe,  leaving  the  people  of  Kingston 

"destitute  of  any  person  to  officiate  among  them ;  which  his  Excellency  was 
pleased  to  take  into  consideration,  and  has  appointed  Rev.  Mr.  Hepburn  to 
preach  and  to  read  Divine  Service  to  them,  whereby  the  English,  who  had 
never  a  minister  among  them,  have  the  benefit  of  public  worship,  and  are 
in  good  hopes  of  bringing  the  Dutch  to  a  conformity.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Hep- 
burn has  at  present  small  encouragement  from  the  people,  but  chiefly, 
under  God,  depends  on  the  kindness  and  bounty  of  his  Excellency,  the 
governor  of  this  province."14 

Secretary  Clarke  writes  to  the  gentlemen  at  Esopus  as  follows : 

"Mr.  Haburne,  who  is  a  minister  of  ye  Establisht  Church  of  England, 
and  sent  by  his  Excell.  to  administer  ye  Gospell  to  you,  in  this  Vacancy, 
ought  I  think  att  Least,  to  be  provided  for  as  well  as  a  Dessenting  Minister 
to  yt  Church ;  who  is  only  tolerated  to  exercise  ye  unestablisht  religion  he 
professes;  but  it  seems  you  have  not  been  of  that  Opinion,  or  if  you  have, 
you  have  not  paid  yt  Obedience  to  his  Excellcy's  Commands,  and  that  re- 
gard to  this  gentleman's  Character,  as  was  due ;  and  this  appears  plainly 
by  yc  mean  accomodations  you  provided  before.  I  am  therefore  by  his 
Excells.  Command  to  lett  you  know  that  you  are  immediately  without  delays 
in  misconstruing  any  part  of  this,  to  provide  a  good  and  Convenient  house 
in  your  town  of  Kingstowne,  with  necessarys  thereto  belonging  (suitable 
to  the  character  of  Mr.  Heburn)  for  him.  and  if  there  be  no  other  house 
to  be  Gotten,  you  are  immediately  to  put  him  in  possession  of  ye  house  late 
of  Boudy  Windewitt  which  was  sometime  since  Escheated  for  her  Matie, 
and  make  a  speedy  return  of  what  you  shall  have  done  herein."15 

But,  again,  this  effort  to  foist  a  minister  of  the  Church  of  England  on  a 
Dutch  church  met  with  failure. 

The  feeling  of  the  Dutch  portion  of  the  community  concerning  not  only 
the  Ministry  Act,  but  any  interference  of  the  Governor  in  their  church 
affairs,  is  seen  in  the  expression  of  the  people  on  Long  Island.  Newtown, 
as  early  as  Jan.  5,  1695,  petitioned  the  Assembly  for  a  special  act,  exempting 
their  towns  from  the  Ministry  Act,  and  when  in  1705  Bernardus  Freeman 
attempted  to  take  charge  of  the  churches  on  Long  Island  by  a  license  from 
Governor  Cornbury,  he  was  stoutly  resisted  by  the  people,  and  his  acts  de- 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  97 

clared  null  and  void.     In  endeavoring  to  reconcile  difficulties  which  had 
arisen,  they  say  :10 

"3dly,  That  all  parties  do  consent,  that  no  such  lycence,  or  the  other 
orders  which  the  Lord  Cornbury  has  granted  to  Mr.  Freeman  whereby  the 
Effects  of  the  said  Churches  at  his  pleasure  were  to  be  delivered  up  to  Mr. 
Freeman,  never  were  nor  yet  are  of  any  force  or  validity  in  the  Dutch 
Churches  of  this  Province,  but  Tended  to  the  ruin  of  the  liberty  of  the 
said  Churches  in  this  Country;  That  they  do  allso  reject  this  Position,  That 
all  the  Ecclesiasticall  Jurisdicqon  of  the  Dutch  Churches  in  this  Province 
is  wholly  in  the  Power  of  the  Govr  according  to  his  will  and  pleasure. 
That  yet  nevertheless  all  parties  do  firmly  own  that  the  Dutch  Churches  in 
this  Province  are  accountable  to  the  Gov*  for  their  peaceable  and  good  be- 
haviour in  their  Doctrin,  Disciplin  and  Church  Government;  that  is  to  say, 
as  farr  as  it  does  consist  with  the  Rules  and  Constitutions  of  their  own 
nationall  Church  alwyes  enjoyed  at  New  York,  as  well  as  they  have  the 
right  and  Priviledge  to  be  protected  by  the  Civill  Gov1  in  the  free  exercise 
of  their  Religion  according  to  their  own  Constitution." 

It  was  found  the  next  year  that  still  further  legislation  was  needed. 
Governor  Cornbury  laments  the  situation  (June  9,  1705)  as  follows:17 

"The  difficulties  which  some  very  worthy  ministers  of  the  Church  of 
England  have  met  with  in  getting  the  maintenance  settled  upon  them  by  the 
Act  of  1693,  moves  me  to  propose  to  you  the  passing  of  an  Act  Explana- 
tory of  the  forementioned  Act,  that  those  worthy  good  men,  who  have 
ventured  to  come  so  far  for  the  service  of  God  in  his  church,  and  the  good 
and  edification  of  the  people  to  the  salvation  of  their  souls,  may  not  for 
the  future  be  vexed,  as  some  of  them  have  been,  but  may  enjoy  in  quiet 
that  maintenance  which  was  by  law  provided  for  them.  I  further  recom- 
mend to  you  the  passing  an  Act  to  provide  for  the  maintenance  of  some 
ministers  in  some  of  the  towns  at  the  east  end  of  Long  Island,  where  I  do 
not  find  any  provision  has  been  yet  made  for  the  propagating  (of)  re- 
ligion." 

An  act  was  accordingly  passed  on  Aug.  4,  1705. 18  After  recapitulating 
the  Act  of  1693,  we  read :  "And  whereas  in  putting  in  Execution  the  said 
Act,  many  disputes,  Difficulties  and  Questions  have  arisen;  for  the  pre- 
venting and  avoiding  of  which"  it  was  enacted,  that  if  the  justices  and 
vestrymen  of  the  four  counties  specified  did  not,  within  ten  days  after  their 
election,  lay  the  said  tax  on  the  said  places,  for  the  maintenance  of  the 
(Episcopal)  ministry,  then  at  least  two  justices  should  act,  under  a  penalty 
of  five  pounds.  The  ministers  must  also  be  paid  in  money  and  not  in 
country  produce.  The  justices  must  prosecute  delinquent  officials  and 
appoint  others  in  their  places,  who  must  also  be  prosecuted  if  they  failed 
to  do  their  duty.  Also  (Episcopal),  ministers  must  be  appointed  within  a 
year  after  the  publication  of  this  act,  or  after  the  death  of  an  incumbent 
in  the  parishes  of  the  counties  mentioned.  But  here  again  the  Act  of  Tol- 
eration was  mentioned.'  Nothing  was  to  take  away  the  liberty  of  con- 
science granted  to  other  Protestants. 


98  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 

Colonel  Caleb  Heathcote  in  1705  wrote  an  elaborate'  tetter  to  the  Society 
for  Propagating  the  Gospel1"  in  which  he  speaks  of  the  many  difficulties 
with  which  the  Church  of  England  has  to  contend,  fie  also  refers  to  the 
unfortunate  circumstances  at  Jamaica,  where  the  Presbyterian  Church  was 
taken,  by  orders  of  Cornbury,  for  the  use  of  the  Church  of  England.  He 
mentions  most  of  the  Episcopalian  ministers  and  churches  by  name.  He 
tells  of  the  lamentable  condition  of  Connecticut,  with  its  2,400  people  and 
40  ministers,  Presbyterian  or  Congregational,  because  they  have  no  min- 
istrations of  the  Church  of  England.  They  had  actually  built  a  college 
there  besides  the  old  one  they  had  at  Boston.  The  people  there  thought 
that  the  light  of  the  Gospel  shone  nowhere  more  brightly  in  the  world  than 
in  Connecticut.  "But,"  adds  Mr.  Heathcote,  "1  dare  aver  that  there  is 
not  much  greater  necessity  of  having  the  Christian  Religion,  in  its  true 
light,  preached  anywhere,  than  among  them ;  many,  if  not  the  greatest 
number  of  them,  being  a  little  better  than  in  a  state  of  heathenism!" 

Better  circumstances  for  the  Church  of  England  were  finally  brought 
about  by  Queen  Anne's  gift  to  Trinity  Church  of  the  so-called  "Queen's 
farm."  In  1699  the  Assembly  had  vacated  the  lease  of  this  farm  to  Trinity 
Church,  given  by  Fletcher  a  short  time  before.  Cornbury  now  urged  the 
complete  transfer  of  the  same  to  said  church  by  royal  patent,  and  this  was 
done,  under  date  of  Nov.  23,  1705. 

The  patent  first  recapitulates  the  new  Act  of  Incorporation  of  Trinity 
Church  in  1704,  and  the  powers  involved  therein.  It  then  refers  to  the 
petition  of  the  rector  and  members  of  Trinity  Church  to  Cornbury.     They 

"have  humbly  prayed  that  wee  would  grant  and  confirm  unto  them  and 
their  Successours,  for  the  use  of  the  said  Church,  all  those  our  several 
closes,  pieces  and  parcells  of  land,  meadows  and  pastures,  formerly  called 
the  Duke's  farmc,  and  Lhe  King's  farme,  and  now  known  by  the  name  of 
the  Queen's  farme  .  .  .  situate,  lying  and  being  on  the  Island  Man- 
hattans, in  the  City  of  New  Ycrk  aforesaid,  and  bounded  on  the  east, 
partly  by  Broadway,  partly  by  the  Common  (City  Hall  Park),  and  partly 
by  the  Swamp,  and  on  the  west  by  Hudson's  River;  and  also  that,  our 
piece  or  parcell  of  ground,  situate  and  being  on  the  south  side  of  the 
churchyard  of  Trinity  Church  aforesaid,  commonly  called  and  known  by 
the  name  of  the  'Queen's  Garden,'  fronting  to  the  said  Broadway  on  the 
east,  and  extending  to  low  water  marke  upon  Hudson  River  on  the  West ; 
all  which  said  premises  are  now  lett  at  the  yearly  rent  of  thirty  pounds." 

This  land  was  now  confirmed  unto  Trinity  Church.  The  ownership  was 
to  be  of  the  most  honorable  kind : 

"To  be  holden  of  us  .  .  .  in  free  and  common  socage,  as  of  our  Manor 
of  East  Greenwich,  in  our  County  of  Kent,  within  our  Kingdom  of  Eng- 
land    ...     at  the  yearly  rent  of  three  shillings,  to  be  paid" 

on  the  feast  of  the  Nativity  of  our  blessed  Saviour.  It  is  added,  that  if  the 
Governor  ever  failed  to  pay  out  of  the  revenues  0$  the  state  the  £26.  al- 
lowed for  the  house  rent  of  the  rector,  it  should  be  paid  from  the  incodue 
of  this  property.     Book  of  Patents,  No.  7,  pp.  338;  etc. 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  99 

With  the  possession  of  this  valuable  property  the  necessity  of  further 
amending  the  Ministry  Act  largely,  if  not  altogether,  ceased.  We  will  not 
rehearse  the  insulting  conduct  of  Governor  Cornbury  to  the  Dutch  min- 
isters generally,  and  especially  to  Beys  and  Antonides  upon  their  arrival, 
and  even  toward  Domine  Gualterus  du  Bois.20  Suffice  it  to  say  that  mem- 
bers of  the  Governor's  Council  gave  their  legal  opinions  in  opposition  to 
his  tyrannical  acts,  and  compelled  him  somewhat  to  alter  his  course.  On 
May  24,  1706,  a  paper  was  drawn  up,  reviewing  the  history  of  the  Dutch 
churches  and  the  freedom  of  action  which  they  had  always  enjoyed  until 
Cornbury's  time ;  the  harmony  which  had  existed  between  the  Dutch  and 
English  churches,  and  the  recent  acts  of  tyranny.  They  requested  that  the 
Bishop  of  London  might  be  notified  of  such  ecclesiastical  intolerance. 
Nine  hundred  guilders  were  also  sent  to  Holland,  to  prosecute  the  case  be- 
fore the  legal  authorities  in  England.  Cornbury's  administration  soon 
after  closed  in  disgrace.  When  recalled,  in  1708.  his  creditors  threw  him 
in  prison  for  debt,  and  he  was  not  released  until  his  father  died  and  his 
debts  were  paid.  After  this  there  was  no  important  collision  with  the 
English  Governors,  although  all  the  way  down  to  the  Revolution  (1776) 
they  generally  took  the  same  false  view  of  the  Ministry  Act ;  namely,  that 
it  established  the  Church  of  England.  The  "Journal"  of  the  Governor 
and  his  Council  shows  that  there  were  frequent  attempts  made  in  the 
Assembly  to  repeal  the  Ministry  Act  because  of  its  perversion.  These 
efforts  continued  down  to  1776.21  But  these  bills  were  either  vetoed  or 
smothered  by  the  Governor  and  Council.  Committees  of  the  Assembly 
were  repeatedly  sent  to  the  Governor  to  inquire  what  had  become  of  these 
bills.     References  are  too  numerous  to  give.22 

In  the  resistance  to  the  collection  of  the  tithe  and  the  many  lawsuits 
which  followed,  it  finally  came  to  be  understood  that  the  ecclesiastical 
statutes  of  Great  Britain  had  no  relation  to  the  colony  of  New  York.23 
Even  English  dissenters  were  under  no  necessity  of  justifying  themselves 
by  the  Act  of  Toleration  of  1689,  as  Rev.  Francis  McKemie,  the  first  Pres- 
byterian minister  in  New  York  City,  had  done  in  1706.  It  was  America 
and  New  York  in  which  they  lived,  and  legally,  if  the  laws  were  honestly 
interpreted,  there  was  perfect  parity  among  all  Protestant  bodies.  Hence 
the  Presbyterians  at  Jamaica,  in  1731,  recovered  by  a  lawsuit  their  church 
property,  which  had  been  wrested  from  them  in  1705  by  Governor  Corn- 
bury24  for  the  use  of  Episcopalians.  The  Ministry  Act,  emasculated  as  it 
was  in  its  passage  by  the  Dutch  Assembly,  was  not  so  directly  detrimental 
to  the  Dutch  Church  as  has  been  generally  supposed ;  nevertheless  the 
patronage  of  the  Government  and  English  social  mfluences  led  many  to 
unite  with  the  Church  of  England.  On  the  other  hand,  the  oppressions  of 
Cornbury  led  many  to  emigrate  to  the  valleys  of  the  Raritan  and  Millstone 
in  New  Jersey.  The  milder  and  more  republican  form  of  government  in 
New  Jersey  was  very  attractive  to  the  older  colonists  in  both  New  York 
and  New  England ;  hence  that  important  nucleus  of  churches  in  Middlesex, 
Somerset,  and  Hunterdon  Counties,  which  on  account  of  their  spiritual 
prosperity  have  long  been  known  as  the  Garden  of  the  Dutch  Church. 
Here,  too,  were  finally  located  the  college  and  the  theological  seminary  of 


100  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

the  denomination.  Partly  for  the  same  reasons  did  Bergen  County,  in  its 
former  original  extent,  including  Hudson  and  Passaic  Counties,  and  Mon- 
mouth County,  receive  considerable  increase  to  their  population ;  although 
before  this  Monmouth  had  received  some  original  Dutch  settlers  and 
Bergen  had  received  many  employees  of  the  West  India  Company  in  re- 
ward for  services.  The  Demarests  and  others  had  also  bought  large  tracts 
near  Hackensack,  N.  J.,  between  1677  and  1700. 

The  Dutch  Church  had  passed  through  a  great  struggle  to  preserve  its 
existence.  After  its  victory  in  securing  a  charter  for  one  of  its  churches, 
there  was  comparative  peace.  Other  Dutch  churches  secured  charters, 
and  this  greatly  embarrassed  the  collection  of  the  church-rates  in  the  four 
counties  referred  to  in  the  act  for  the  so-called  Established  Church.  The 
English  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts  were 
deceived  concerning  the  true  design  of  the  act.  Hence  they  often  com- 
plained that  the  clergymen  whom  they  sent  over  were  not  supported.  But 
the  perverted  application  of  the  act  could  not  make  it  legally  efficient. 

At  the  end  of  this  prolonged  struggle  against  a  church  establishment  of 
the  minority,  the  thirteen  churches  of  1664,  without  immigration,  have  in- 
creased to  thirty-four.  Twenty-three  new  ministers  have  officiated,  making 
thirty-eight  in  all  from  the  first  settlement.  Several  of  them  had  acquired 
considerable  facility  in  preaching  to  the  Indians.  Twelve  were  in  service 
in  1705.  Like  their  ancestors  in  Holland,  they  throve  by  persecution  and 
extracted  victory  from  defeat. 


'Col.  Docs.,  vol.  iv.,  p.  325. 

2Col.  Docs.,  vol.  iv.,  pp.  427,  463. 

8Councll  "Journal"  (1703),  p.  206,  the  queen  forbids  any  presents  to  be  given 
to  the  governors. 

'Council  "Journal,"  pp.  138,  139. 

cCol.  Docs.,  vol.  iv.,  p.  536. 

6Brodhead  brought  over  the  first  third  of  this  answer  in  1843.  It  was  trans- 
lated in  1875,  and  found  to  be  but  a  fragment.  The  writer  found  the  remaining 
two-thirds  in  Amsterdam  in  1898,  and  we  now  have  the  defense  complete. 

7Sfe  Briggs'  "American  Presbyterianism"  for  names  and  dates  of  ministers 
and  churches. 

8Charter  in  Hawkins'  "Missions,"  415-421.  Its  origin,  Hawkins,  pp.  1-16. 
Classified  Digest  of  its  Minutes,  1894.  See  also  Doc.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  iii.,  591,  598, 
698.  Anderson's  "Colonial  Church,"  ii.,  751.  Am.  Ch.  Hist.  Series,  viii.,  126. 
Regents'  "Bulletin,"  1893,  p.  216. 

"Doc.  Hiet.  N.  Y.,  vol.  iv.,  pp.  1150-1156. 

,0Col.  Docs.  N.  Y.,  vol.  iv.,  p.  1064;  vol.  vi.,  p.  2;  Council  "Journal,"  pp.  199, 
204    213. 

"Col.  Docs.  N.  Y.,  vol.  v.,  p.  328. 

"Col.  Laws  N.  Y.,  vol.  i.,  154-159.  Chapter  141.  Col.  Docs.,  vol.  Iv.,  1064, 
1114,  1115,  1167-8;  vol.  v.,  2.  Council  "Journal,"  213,  220.  Am.  Ch.  Hist.  Series, 
vol.  viii.,   121,  124.    Dix,    "Hist.  Trinity  Church,"  vol.  i.,  467. 

"Doc.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  vol.  iii.,  pp.  74-77. 

"In  the  records  at  Amsterdam  there  is  a  Stephen  Gracheric  who  was  ap- 
pointed (Aug.  10,  1704)  "to  read  the  service  of  the  Low-Dutch  Church  at  Kings- 
towne"  and  to  keep  school  there.  This  was  signed  by  Cornbury  and  also  trans- 
lated into  Dutch. 

"Doc.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  vol.  111.,  584.  This  is  dated  in  the  Doc.  History,  Aug.  30, 
1701.  But  there  was  no  vacancy  at  Kingston  in  1701,  and  all  the  facts  point  to 
1704  as  the  true  date. 

"Amsterdam  Correspondence. 

"Council  "Journal,"  pp.  225.  226,  231. 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  IOI 

nS^^^St;1^  T'    LaWS  °f  N-  Y-  ChaP-  H6-    See  also  CoL 
"Doc.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  vol.  iii.,  77-79. 

veryefuneyS'S  "J°Urna1'"  1706'  and  the  correspondence  of  the  period,  which  is 

MCol.  Docs.,  vol.  vii.,  p.  944. 

"The  "Journal"  of  the  Assembly,  as  well  as  that  of  the  council  (1691-1776) 

SS  "hn  in7ten7S!ingAm^lr  ^k*'8   SUbJeCt     See'    f°r  eX3mp,e'    C0Uncii 
Journal,     Jan    7,  1771.     A  bill  had  been  passed  to  allow  any  congregation  in 

governor^an0/  council  t0  ^^  ^  ^     BUt  **  bi"  ™S  JmotlfeS  b^thl 
"Smith's  "New  York,"  p.  295,  Councilor  West's  opinion;  see  also  pp.  181    182 
Cornburys  opinion,  of  course,  was  of  a  different  kind.    Col.   Docs.    vol',  iv.' 
p.  1187.  *  *' 

"Doc.  Hist.  NY  vol.  iii.,  pp.  118-206,  contains  an  elaborate  account,  though 
not  complete,  of  the  contest  about  the  tithe  laws  in  Queens  Countv  N  Y 
See  also  Col.  Docs.,  vol.  v.,  pp.  311-345,  943,  972;  vol.  vi„  pp.  1    8-  vol   vii    p  "497' 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 


THIRD    PERIOD. 

STRUGGLE  FOR  ECCLESIASTICAL  INDEPENDENCE1  (1708-1792). 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

REVIVAL,  AND  BEGINNINGS  OF  ORGANIZATION. 


THE  GENERATION  PRECEDING  THE  CCETUS   (1708-47). 

This  was  the  most  quiet  and  peaceful  period  in  the  history  of  the  church 
at  large.  There  were  local  troubles,  which  had  been  fomented  by  Corn- 
bury,  and  which  continued  for  a  time  after  his  recall,  but  which  were 
sooner  or  later  healed.2  But  the  privilege  of  securing  charters  was  a  sub- 
stantial triumph.  Opportunity  was  now  allowed  for  reflection  on  the  past 
and  the  devising  of  plans  for  the  future.  The  true  position  of  the  church 
began  to  be  understood.  Most  of  the  congregations  could  have  services 
only  two  or  three  times  a  year.  As  early  as  1694  Rev.  Guilliam  Bertholf, 
who  had  come  to  America  several  years  before  as  catechist,  voorleser,  and 
schoolmaster,  and  who  had  become  a  leader  in  the  devotions  of  the  people 
at  Hackensack,  was  sent  to  Holland  for  ordination.  This  was  the  first 
example  of  this  custom,  if  we  except  the  case  of  Samuel  Megapolensis 
(1658),  who  was  sent  over  privately  by  his  father.  In  1709  Rev.  Joseph 
Morgan,  having  come  from  the  Congregationalists,  gave  three-fourths  of 
his  time  to  the  Dutch  Church  in  Monmouth  County.  N.  J.,  and  the  re- 
mainder to  a  Presbyterian  church,  he  being  a  member  of  the  Presbytery  of 
Philadelphia.  The  scarcity  of  ministers,  and  the  expense,  trouble,  delay, 
and  danger  of  procuring  them  from  Holland,  enabled  a  few  unworthy  men 
to  get  into  the  ministry.  For  example,  John  van  Driessen,  with  a  letter 
from  Patroon  van  Rensselaer,  went  to  Yale  College  for  ordination  (1727)- 
But  Mr.  Boehme  was  ordained  by  the  ministers  at  New  York  (1729)  by 
special  permission  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  The  same  necessity  com- 
pelled the  Classis  to  grant  permission  (1736)  to  Domines  Haeghoort  and 
Erickzon  to  ordain  John  Schuyler  to  the  ministry.  But  these  circum- 
stances, with  the  necessary  discussion  excited  thereby  and  the  absolute 
necessity  of  preachers,  paved  the  way  for  the  preliminary  request  of  the 
church  for  semi-ecclesiastical  powers  and  partial  independence. 

It  was  also  in  this  period  that  a  spirit  of  revival  began  to  show  itself. 
The  "Great  Awakening"  changed  the  character  of  the  whole  American 
church.8    This  was  a  principal  reason  of  the  desire  for  greater  facilities  to 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  103 

meet  the  spiritual  wants  of  the  people.  These  necessities  led  to  some 
justifiable  ecclesiastical  irregularities.  It  was  also  in  this  period  (1720) 
that  Rev.  Theodore  J.  Frelinghuysen  came  to  America,  destined  as  he 
was,  in  himself  and  in  his  family,  to  exert  a  molding  influence  upon  the 
history  of  the  Dutch  Church.  Fighting  with  formality  and  the  dead 
orthodoxy  which  he  found  prevailing  in  his  locality,  caused  by  a  lack  of 
Gospel  privileges,  misunderstood  and  persecuted  by  the  people,  he  perse- 
vered in  preaching  the  truth  until  his  opponents  were  converted.4  Large 
accessions  to  the  church  crowned  his  labors.  Several  extensive  revivals 
were  the  result  of  his  ministry.  Whitefield  and  Jonathan  Edwards  refer 
with  commendation  to  his  zeal  and  success.  He  was  also  the  first  pastor 
in  the  Reformed  Church  who  began  to  train  up  young  men  for  the  min- 
istry, and  was,  perhaps,  the  first  minister  in  favor  of  the  independence  of 
the  church  in  America.  Although  he  helped  to  initiate,  he  did  not  live  to 
take  part  in  the  assemblies  of  the  Ccetus ;  but  it  was  largely  owing  to  his 
zeal,  his  foresight,  and  his  persecutions,  with  their'  happy  results,  which 
finally  brought  about  the  entire  reorganization  of  the  Dutch  Church.  He 
probably  first  suggested  a  college  for  the  denomination  in  which  to  train  up 
young  men  for  the  ministry. 

During  this  period  took  place,  also,  a  large  settlement  of  Germans.0  In 
1709,  under  the  auspices  of  Queen  Anne,  four  thousand  Palatines,  driven 
out  by  persecution,  embarked  for  New  York.  Many  settled  on  the  Living- 
ston Manor,  in  Schoharie  County,  and  in  the  valley  of  the  Mohawk.  Not 
a  few  Swiss  were  among  these  emigrants.  About  1730  the  Classis  of 
Amsterdam  took  charge  of  them,  as  well  as  of  the  thousands  of  Germans 
who  settled  in  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey;  and  this  oversight,  either 
by  said  Classis  or  by  the  Synod  of  South  Holland,  continued  until  1793, 
when  the  German  Reformed  Church  became  ecclesiastically  independent. 
The  early  Germans  in  New  York  State  fell  into  the  fold  of  the  Dutch 
Church.  In  Hunterdon  and  neighboring  counties  in  New  Jersey,  the 
Germans  and  the  Dutch  touched  each  other.  As  early  as  1705  Germans 
from  Pennsylvania  settled  in  German  Valley,  and  soon  after  Lebanon  and 
Amwell  were  settled  by  them.  Frelinghuysen  in  New  Jersey  and  Dorsius 
in  Pennsylvania  were  intimate  friends,  and  correspondence  and  visitations 
were  not  altogether  wanting  between  the  Dutch  and  German  ministers  of 
New  York  and  Philadelphia. 

We  can  only  mention  the  names  of  Van  Santvoord,  Bartholf,  Antonides, 
Erickzon,  Weiss,  Curtenius,  and  Mancius,  ministers  who  adorned  this 
period;  as  well  as  the  excellent  Gualterus  du  Bois,  with  his  ministry  of 
fifty-two  years  in  New  York  City  (1699-1751).  His  influence  was  ever 
exerted  to  conciliate  and  heal.  He  was  so  universally  honored  that,  by 
virtue  of  accorded  merit,  he  was,  says  the  historian  Smith,  more  like  a 
bishop  among  the  Dutch  churches  than  the  pastor  of  a  -single  congregation. 

During  the  generation  preceding  the  request  for  a  Coetus,  the  church, 
considering  its  circumstances,  made  remarkable  progress.  No  less  than 
thirty-six  new  congregations  (1701-37)  were  organized,  making  now  sixty- 
five  in  all.  Twenty-seven  new  ministers  also  began  their  labors  during  this 
period,  of  whom  nineteen  were  in  service  at  its  close. 


104  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 


THE   REQUEST   FOR  A   CCETUS,   AND   THE   DELAY"    (i737"47)- 

The  reflection  and  quiet  growth  of  the  church  during  the  preceding 
period,  and  the  necessity  of  more  ministers  than  could  be  obtained  from 
Europe,  pressed  the  subject  of  association  and  American  ordination  upon 
the  attention  of  all.  There  were  more  than  three  times  as  many  churches 
as  pastors.  Of  the  sixty  ministers  who  had  labored  in  the  church  up  to 
this  time,  all  but  seven  had  come  directly  from  Europe.  Three-quarters  of 
a  century  had  passed  since  the  English  conquest,  and  the  tie  which  bound 
the  people  to  Holland  was  becoming  weakened.  Only  a  few  octogenarians 
remained  among  the  laity  who  had  seen  the  Fatherland.  The  people  were 
American.  The  church  in  general  began  to  feel  that  they  must  take  their 
business  more  entirely  into  their  own  hands,  and  ordain  young  men  for  the 
ministry. 

Owing  to  the  importance  of  the  city  of  Amsterdam,  and  the  fact  that 
most  of  the  business  of  the  West  India  Company  had,  in  early  times,  been 
transacted  at  that  port,  and  in  accordance  with  the  action  of  the  Synod  of 
North  Holland  in  1624,  the  American  churches  had  become  subordinate  to 
that  Classis.  This  subordination  was  very  generally  acquiesced  in.  And 
while  the  fathers  of  Revolutionary  times  almost  universally  assert  the 
jealous  prerogative  of  the  Classis,  yet  at  times,  owing,  perhaps,  to  the 
presence  of  more  liberal-minded  men,  a  better  sentiment  prevailed;  for, 
when  certain  ministers  were  sent  to  serve  the  German  people  who  had 
settled  on  the  Hudson  River,  at  the  Camp  (1710),  they  had  an  order  in 
their  commissions  (m  mandatis)  to  hold  a  Classis  there,  although  we  have 
discovered  no  record  of  their  obedience.  But  it  was  the  Classis  of  Am- 
sterdam which  stimulated  Domines  Haeghoort  and  Peter  van  Driessen 
O736)  to  propose  a  Ccetus.7  These  brethren  accordingly  wrote  to  the 
Consistory  of  New  York  (March  15,  1737)  "a  statement  of  reasons  for 
the  necessity  of  a  Coetus,"  or  Association.  The  matter  was  carefully  dis- 
cussed in  that  Consistory,  and  resulted  finally  in  a  circular  call  to  all  the 
ministers  and  churches,  inviting  them  to  meet  in  New  York  (Sept.  5, 
1737)  for  the  consideration  of  this  matter.  Besides  Haeghoort's  statement 
of  reasons  which  accompanied  these  letters,  Domine  du  Bois,  who  wrote 
the  circular,  referred  to  the  nature  of  the  proposed  body,  the  need  of  it  to 
give  information  abroad  and  to  settle  disputes  at  home.  At  the  time  ap- 
pointed seven  ministers — viz.,  Du  Bois,  Haeghoort,  Freeman,  Van  Sant- 
voord,  Curtenius,  Muzelius,  and  Mancius — met  together  and  drew  up  a 
plan  for  the  proposed  Association.  Mancius  and  Muzelius  argued  that 
they  were  bound,  not  only  personally,  but  mutually,  for  the  general  edifica- 
tion of  the  church;  that  the  Classical  Acta  say  that  the  provincial  ministers 
are  to  exercise  not  only  the  pastoral  office,  but  ecclesiastical  government 
in  every  respect ;  that  all  the  congregations  except  two  were  in  favor  of 
the  plan ;  that  they  intended  to  seek  the  approbation  of  the  Classis,  having 
already  the  approbation  of  individual  members  of  it;  that  Van  Driessen 
and  Haeghoort  had  been  encouraged  by  the  Classis  to  bring  about  such 
organization ;  and  the  commission  of  the  ministers  to  the  Camp  had  actually 
directed  them  to  hold  a  Classis.     A  provisional  plan  was  adopted  which 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  105 

need  not  be  here  detailed,  and  another  circular  was  sent  out  by  Domine 
du  Bois  arguing  their  right  to  seek  association;  that  it  was  needed  to  heal 
divisions  and  doctrinal  errors,  to  give  effective  counsels,  to  promote  unity, 
and  to  attract  ministers  to  America. 

The  following  spring  (April,  1738)  the  same  ministers,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  Muzelius  and  Mancius,  together  with  Frelinghuysen,  Erickzon, 
Boehme,  and  Schuyler,  and  eleven  elders,  met  in  New  York  and  received 
the  answers  of  the  churches,  and  after  amending  their  plan  sent  it  to  Hol- 
land for  approval.     A  speedy  and  happy  consummation  was  surely  expected. 

But  now  the  Classis  did  seem  jealous  of  their  prerogatives,  for  they 
wrote  the  following  year  (i739)  to  some  disaffected  parties  that  they  would 
allow  a  Ccetus  "under  the  express  condition  that  care  was  taken  not  to 
have  a  word  uttered  against  the  doctrine,  and  to  have  no  preparatory  or 
final  examinations  for  candidates  or  ministers;  these  being  matters  which 
were,  by  the  Synod  of  Dort,  restricted  to  the  respective  Classes,  and  which, 
therefore,  were  reserved  by  us  in  forming  a  Ccetus  some  years  since  in  the 
colony  of  Surinam." 

Subsequently  the  Classis  sought  to  effect  a  union  of  the  Dutch  with  the 
Presbyterian  and  the  German  Churches,  but  without  success.  There  was 
also  a  party  in  New  York  which  strenuously  opposed  a  Ccetus.8  Nine 
years  elapsed  before  there  was  granted  a  favorable  reply.  The  Presby- 
terians had  been  fully  organized  for  more  than  a  generation,  and  Dorsius 
was  preparing  students  for  the  ministry  of  the  German  churches  in  Penn- 
sylvania. In  1741  Dorsius  and  Frelinghuysen  ordained  Goetschius  on  their 
individual  responsibility.  At  length  the  Classis  was  morally  compelled  to 
grant  a  Ccetus  to  the  German  churches  (1747),  after  which  it  could  no 
longer  withhold  it  from  the  Dutch.  The  organization  of  the  College  of 
New  Jersey  during  the  preceding  year  (1746)  may  also  have  stimulated 
them. 

Although  Frelinghuysen  had  acted  irregularly  in  ordaining  Goetschius. 
he  soon  after  sent  his  sons,  Theodore  and  John,  to  Holland  for  education 
and  ordination.  During  this  interim  of  delay  eight  new  ministers  began 
their  labors ;  five  had  come  from  Holland ;  two  American  youths  had  re- 
turned from  Holland,  whither  they  had  gone  for  ordination,  viz.,  Fryen- 
moet  and  Theodore  Frelinghuysen,  afterward  of  Albany;  and  Goetschius 
had  been  privately  ordained  here.  Twenty-three  ministers  remained  in  the 
country.  Two  new  churches  had  been  organized.  Among  the  newcomers 
from  Holland  was  Domine  John  Ritzema  (1744),  who  was  destined  to  play 
so  important  a  part  in  the  future  destinies  of  the  church. 

THE  CCETUS   (1747-54)—  THE  BEGINNING  OF  INDEPENDENCE. 

The  plan  of  the  Ccetus,  as  finally  adopted  by  the  delegates  in  this  country 
and  ratified  in  Holland,  provided  for  delegates,  both  ministers  and  elders, 
from  every  church ;  the  transaction  of  only  ecclesiastical  business ;  the 
acknowledgement  of  subordination  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam ;  yet,  for 
the  greater  advantage  of  the  congregations,  Circles  were  to  be  established, 
to  which  the  questions  of  congregations  were  first  to  be  taken,  and  ulti- 


I06  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN     AMERICA. 

mately,  if  necessary,  to  the  Ccetus.  It  was  also  stipulated  that  all  ministers 
hereafter  arriving  should  belong  to  the  Ccetus. 

But  within  a  year  after  the  formation  of  this  body  (1748)  they  were 
exhorted  by  the  Classis  not  to  ask  permission  to  examine  and  ordain  stu- 
dents. But  three  had  applied  at  their  first  session;  viz.,  Vanderlinde,  John 
Leydt,  and  Verbryck.  The  Ccetus  had  previously  gained  permission  to  ex- 
amine and  ordain  the  first  two  of  these ;  but  in  behalf  of  Verbryck  they 
fairly  had  to  plead  for  permission,  which  was  at  length  reluctantly  granted. 
Frelinghuysen,  of  Albany,  was  at  first  opposed  to  American  ordination,  but 
finally  became  its  most  zealous  advocate.  The  body  was  obliged  to  send 
one  young  man  away  because  of  the  reluctance  of  the  Classis,  and  others 
were  prevented,  therefore,  from  applying.  Their  inability  to  do  anything 
decisive  in  the  troubles  of  Arondeus,  on  Long  Island,  and  of  Muzelius,  at 
Tappan,  made  them  feel  their  subordination  and  their  helplessness  most 
keenly.  Some  also  refused  to  recognize  the  shadow  of  authority  which 
they  thought  they  possessed.  Their  only  privilege  seemed  to  be  to  send  a 
joint  letter  once  a  year  to  Holland.  Their  desire  to  assist  the  church  more 
conveniently  and  rapidly  to  a  ministry  adequate  to  its  necessities  was  com- 
pletely balked.  Two  young  men  whom  they  had  sent  to  Holland  for  ordi- 
nation had  thereby  lost  their  lives,  viz.,  Ferdinand  and  Jacobus  Freling- 
huysen, having  died  of  smallpox  at  sea. 

The  friends  of  the  church,  therefore,  soon  became  convinced  of  the  neces- 
sity of  having  a  more  efficient  judicatory.  This  growing  feeling  induced 
them  to  propose  a  Classis  (i7S3).  It  gave  rise,  naturally,  to  considerable 
discussion,  and  Haeghoort  at  first  protested  against  the  change.  A  year 
later,  some  amendments  having  been  made,  a  draft  of  the  general  features 
of  the  proposed  Classis  was  adopted  (Sept.  19,  1754),  nemine  contradicente, 
by  eleven  ministers  and  eleven  elders.  De  Ronde  was  not  present;  but 
Ritzema,  Haeghoort,  Curtenius,  and  Vanderlinde,  all  of  whom  a  year  later 
had  seceded,  were  present,  and  appeared  to  be  in  favor  of  it.  The  draft 
states  that  they  were  "constrained  in  conscience  to  seek  to  become  changed 
into  a  Classis,  in  view  of  the  defective,  fruitless,  and  disagreeable  nature  of 
the  present  organization."  It  further  stated  that  "the  Ccetus  could  give  no 
satisfactory  reason  from  the  Church  Order  for  its  present  constitution," 
being  neither  a  Consistory,  a  Classis,  nor  a  Synod ;  that  it  could  give  no 
decisive  judgment;  it  could  not  ordain  to  the  ministry;  that  the  delay  of 
sending  all  matters  to  Holland  was  very  great ;  that  the  expense  and  danger 
of  sending  young  men  across  the  ocean  was  likewise  great ;  that  candidates 
would  seek  ordination  from  other  bodies,  an  example  of  which  had  already 
occurred ;  that  as  a  Classis  they  would  be  in  a  condition  to  attend  to  all 
matters  promptly  as  they  arose;  that  they  could  furnish  congregations  with 
ministers;  and  therefore  they  requested  the  aid  of  the  Classis  of  Amster- 
dam, and  of  the  Synod  of  North  Holland,  to  reach  the  desired  consummation. 

The  plan  was  sent  to  the  churches  for  their  action  upon  it.  The  answers 
were  to  be  sent  to  Ritzema,  Schuyler,  and  Verbryck.  as  a  committee,  who 
were  to  send  the  draft  and  the  answers  of  the  churches  of  the  Classis  and 
Synod  in  Holland.  Little  did  they  imagine  the  events  which  were  speedily 
to  follow. 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  \OJ 

During  the  period  of  the  Coetus  proper  (1748-54;  fifteen  were 
added  to  the  Reformed  Church,  but  only  four  of  these  by  authority 
of  that  bod/.  Six  students  had  passed  by  them  and  gone  to  Hoi  land  for 
ordination,  and  five  Europeans  had  emigrated  to  America.  Four  new 
churches  had  been  organized,  and  twenty-nine  ministers  were  in  service. 

THE  DISRUPTION  OF  THE  CHURCH  (1754). 

There  was  at  this  time  a  general  desire  to  improve  the  educational  facili- 
ties in  New  York.  But  the  heterogeneousness  of  the  population,  and  fear 
of  the  English  Church  in  its  schemes  for  an  Episcopal  college,  put  great 
difficulties  in  the  way.  Harvard  and  Yale  existed  in  New  Engiand,  the 
College  of  Nassau  (Princeton)  in  New  Jersey,  and  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania  in  Philadelphia.  Moneys  had  been  raised  by  the  New  York 
Assembly  by  lottery,  as  early  as  1746,  for  a  college.  In  175 1  the  amount 
had  reached  ^3,443.  Trustees  were  appointed  to  take  charge  of  these  funds, 
seven  of  whom  were  Episcopalian,  two  Dutch  Reformed,  and  one  Presby- 
terian. The  latter  was  that  eminent  jurist,  William  Livingston,  but  he 
never  qualified  as  trustee.  In  1752  he  started  a  small  weekly  paper  called 
the  "Independent  Reflector,"  in  which  he  thoroughly  reviewed  the  plans 
proposed  for  establishing  a  college  in  New  York.  He  insisted  that  it 
should  not  be  by  royal  charter,  but  by  act  of  the  Assembly,  and  that  it 
should  be  unsectarian.  It  was  to  be  supported  by  general  taxation,  and 
nine-tenths  of  the  population,  Mr.  Livingston  declares,  were  non-Episcopal. 
His  articles  are  very  trenchant.  Answers  were  attempted  in  the  columns 
of  the  New  York  "Mercury."  In  a  year  and  a  half  Mr.  Livingston's  paper 
was  suppressed  by  exciting  fears  in  the  printer  (1753). 

In  May,  1754.  Trinity  Church  came  to  the  rescue  of  the  languishing" 
scheme  by  offering  part  of  the  "King's  farm"  as  land  for  a  college.  This 
land  was  a  block  west  of  the  City  Hall  Park,  between  West  Broadway  and 
Church  Street.  It  was  given  on  condition  that  the  president  should  always 
be  an  Episcopalian,  and  that  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer  should  be  used. 
The  trustees  now  again  petitioned  the  Governor  to  incorporate  the  insti- 
tution. So  strong  was  their  expectation  of  success  that  college  exercises 
were  begun  in  the  vestry-room  of  Trinity  Church  with  seven  pupils,  in  June, 
1754.  Mr.  Livingston  now  protested  against  the  incorporation  with  "Twenty 
Unanswerable  Reasons."  Petitions  were  also  sent  in  by  the  people10 
against  the  scheme,  until  the  Assembly  should  have  settled  its  mode  of  gov- 
ernment. But  the  two  Dutch  trustees  had  already  deserted  Livingston  and 
sided  with  the  Episcopalians.  The  trustees  published  "A  Brief  Vindication 
of  their  Proceedings  relating  to  the  College,  containing  a  Sufficient  Answer 
to  the  late  Famous  Protest,  with  its  Twenty  Unanswerable  Reasons." 

Now  it  was  just  at  this  juncture  that  five  members  of  the  Ccetus — viz., 
Haeghoort,  Curtenius,  Ritzema,  De  Ronde,  and  Vanderlinde — seceded  from 
that  body.  They  seem  to  have  become  suddenly  enamored  with  the  pro- 
ject of  the  college  as  proposed.     Were  they  deceived  by  specious  promises? 

The  last  meeting  of  the  Ccetus  before  the  disruption  took  place  on  Sept 
19,   1754.     The  proposition  for  a  Classis,  with  a  plan  of  the  same,   was 


108  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

sent  down  to  the  churches  for  their  determination.  Most  of  the  churches 
were  favorable  to  the  proposition.  The  church  of  New  York,  however, 
opposed  it.  They  took  formal  action  on  Oct.  I,  1754.  They  said  that  if 
a  Ccetus  were  of  no  advantage,  a  Classis  would  be  of  still  less ;  they  released 
Domine  de  Ronde  from  the  stipulations  of  his  call  to  support  the  Ccetus ; 
they  appointed  a  committee,  consisting  of  Domines  Ritzema  and  de  Ronde, 
to  write  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  and  oppose  the  creation  of  a  Classis. 
And  finally : 

"5.  It  was  resolved  to  present  a  petition  to  the  Assembly,  requesting  lib- 
erty to  have  a  Professor  of  Divinity  in  the  Low  Dutch  Church,  who  shall, 
according  to  the  institution  of  the  same,  instruct  therein  freely  and  without 
hindrance.  Domines  Ritzema  and  de  Ronde,  and  Elders  Cyler  and  Rich- 
ard, were  made  a  committee  to  prepare  the  draft." 

PETITION  OF  THE  COLLEGIATE  CHURCH  OF  NEW  YORK  CITY 

TO  THE  ASSEMBLY  FOR  A  PROFESSORSHIP  OF 

DIVINITY  IN  KING'S  COLLEGE  (1754). 

"A  petition  of  the  Ministers,  Elders,  and  Deacons  of  the  Reformed  Prot- 
estant Dutch  Church,  in  the  city  of  New  York,  was  presented  to  the  House 
and  read,  setting  forth  that  as  the  establishing  of  a  College  within  this 
Colony  for  the  instruction  of  youth  in  the  liberal  arts  and  sciences  has  given 
rise  to  various  debates,  and  is  of  the  utmost  importance  to  their  civil,  and 
more  especially  their  religious,  liberties ;  they  conceive  it  highly  necessary, 
as  guardians  of  the  ecclesiastical  interests  of  the  Dutch  congregations  of 
this  city  in  particular,  and  the  other  Dutch  churches  in  this  province  in 
general,  [that  they]  should  .  .  .  endeavor  to  add  to  the  privileges  and  lib- 
erties they  have  heretofore  enjoyed  under  the  auspicious  smiles  of  the  Brit- 
ish Government ;  that  a  College  for  the  instruction  of  youth  in  sound 
literature  will  be  very  advantageous  in  general ;  but  unless  provision  be 
made  for  a  Professor  of  Divinity  for  the  benefit  of  the  Dutch  churches  in 
this  country,  they  will  lose  a  main  advantage  thereby  (and  which  they 
prefer  to  every  other  benefit  expected  from  a  public  Seminary  of  learning), 
as  the  youth  intended  for  the  ministry  will  without  that  privilege,  at  a  vast 
expense  to  the  parents,  be  obliged  to  reside  several  years  in  Holland,  or 
other  foreign  Protestant  countries ;  that  institution  of  such  a  Professor 
would  make  the  intended  College  more  numerous  and  flourishing,  as  their 
youths  would  thereby  be  encouraged  to  the  study  of  Divinity ;  that  as  the 
Dutch  are  the  greatest  number  of  any  single  denomination  of  Christians  in 
this  Province,  it  may  reasonably  be  expected  that  in  all  Provincial  con- 
tributions they  will  be  the  greatest  benefactors  to  the  intended  College; 
and,  therefore,  humbly  praying  that  the  Honorable  House  will  be  favor- 
ably pleased,  whenever  the  matter  of  the  said  College  comes  under  con- 
sideration, they  may,  by  the  Act  for  incorporating  and  establishing  the 
same,  be  entitled  to  a  Divinity  Professor,  with  a  reasonable  salary,  to  be 
nominated  by  the  Ministers,  Elders  and  Deacons  of  the  Dutch  Reformed 
Protestant  Church  in  this  City !  and  that  the  said  Professor  may  freely 
and    without    control    teach    the    doctrines    of    faith    maintained    by   their 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA.  IOQ 

churches,  as  established  and  approved  of  by  the  National  Synod  of  Dort, 
1618,  1619." 

"Ordered,  that  the  said  petition  be  taken  into  consideration  when  the 
House  proceeds  on  the  consideration  of  establishing  a  College  for  the  edu- 
cation of  youth  within  this  Colony." 

Mr.  Livingston  writes  to  Rev.  Noah  Welles  (October  18,  1754)  upon  this 
subject,  as  follows:  "The  Dutch  Church  has  preferred  a  petition  to  the  As- 
sembly (now  sitting),  praying  for  a  Professor  of  Divinity  in  the  college, 
to  be  chosen  and  appointed  by  them ;  which  petition,  for  the  reasons  set 
forth  in  the  same,  I  doubt  not  will  be  granted,  and  will  not  fail  of  having  a 
good  effect,  even  should  it  be  rejected.  If  it  meets  with  success,  it  will  se- 
cure to  the  Dutch  a  Calvinistic  professor,  and  diminish  that  badge  of  dis- 
tinction to  which  the  Episcopalians  are  so  zealously  aspiring.  Should  it  be 
rejected,  as  it  will  meet  with  opposition  from  the  sticklers  for  a  party  col- 
lege, that  will  animate  the  Dutch  against  them,  and  convince  them  that  all 
their  pretenses  to  sisterhood  and  identity  were  fallacious  and  hypocriti- 
cal." 

This  petition  was  favorably  received  by  the  Assembly,  and  the  New 
York  church  confidently  expected  the  full  accomplishment  of  their  desires ; 
but  while  this  matter  was  pending  they  wrote11  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam 
(Oct.  17,  1754),  expatiating  upon  the  uselessness  of  the  Ccetus,  the  im- 
portance of  a  learned  ministry,  that  American-made  ministers  would  bring 
about  a  total  separation  of  the  church  from  Holland,  that  partisanship 
ruled  the  Ccetus,  and  "for  these  and  the  like  reasons  we  are  bold  to  renew 
our  old  relations  and  remain  in  entire  correspondence  with  you,  to  com- 
municate our  affairs,  and  expect  counsel  and  direction ;  and  we  hope  that 
you  will  in  no  respect  withdraw  from  us,  but  continue  to  be  our  counselors 
for  the  good  of  our  church,  and  we  desire  that  the  undertaking  of  the  peti- 
tioners [i.  e.,  the  expected  request  of  the  Ccetus  for  a  Classis]  may  not 
prosper."    This  was  signed  by  the  whole  Consistory. 

We  cannot  but  wonder  that  this  letter  does  not  mention  their  petition  to 
the  Assembly  for  a  professorship  in  King's  College.  One  week  later  (Oct. 
31,  1754)  the  Governor,  although  not  without  reluctance,  granted  a 
charter  for  King's  (now  Columbia)  College,  without  including  the  divinity 
professorship  for  the  Dutch.  On  the  same  day  William  Livingston  pub- 
lished the  first  of  fifty-two  articles  called  "The  Watch-Tower"  in  the  New 
York  "Mercury,"  to  whose  columns  he  had  now  gained  access.  His  ar- 
ticles enlightened  the  public  mind.  He  proposed  a  bill  for  an  unsectarian 
college  in  November,  1755.  This  was  not  afterward  pressed  to  a  passage, 
but  it  had  its  effect  on  the  public.11 

The  governors  of  the  college  named  in  the  charter  were  to  be  certain 
civil  functionaries,  ex  officio,  and  twenty-four  other  gentlemen  (of  whom 
Mr.  Livingston  was  one),  the  rector  of  Trinity  Church,  the  senior  minister 
of  the  Dutch  church,  the  ministers  of  the  ancient  Lutheran  church,  of  the 
French  church,  and  of  the  Presbyterian  congregation  in  the  city  of  New 
York.  Mr.  Livingston  never  qualified  as  a  trustee  by  taking  the  required 
oath,  but  Domine  Ritzema  did.    In  the  last  number  of  "The  Watch-Tower" 


HO  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 

Livingston  addressed  the  newly  arrived  governor.  Hardy  (November  17, 
1755).  reviewing  the  whole  history  of  the  charter,  holding  up  the  real  ob- 
jects of  the  respective  parties,  claiming  that,  notwithstanding  the  charter, 
he  had  gained  the  people.  This  fact  appeared  from  the  difficulties  which 
now  arose  about  the  transfer  of  the  funds  from  the  original  temporary 
trustees  to  the  governors  named  in  the  charter.  Were  they  not  the  people's 
funds,  and  not  those  of  a  single  and  small  religious  body?  After  a  year  of 
debate  one-half  of  them  was  diverted  to  the  corporation  of  the  city,  where- 
with to  build  a  new  jail  and  pest-house.  The  college,  also,  founded  on  a 
basis  contrary  to  the  general  wishes  of  the  majority,  never  throve  until 
after  the  Revolution.  Livingston's  opinion  of  his  victory  is  expressed  in 
the  following  note  to  De  Ronde  at  this  time : 

"Amicus  poster  invictusque  pro  republica  pugnator,  'The  Watch-Tower,' 
in  ipso  setatis  ac'victoriarum  flore,  septimane  superiore  diem  clausit  extre- 
mum.  Nee  alienis  hostilibusque  viribus  interfectus  est,  sed  lubens  et  more 
triumphantium,  memorque  patriae  atque  pristimae  dignitatis  suae,  pugnans 
victorque  a  proelio  decessit.    Hanc  ob  causam  plus  nobis  olim  est  otii." 

Although  the  scheme  of  a  professor  for  the  Dutch  in  King's  College  had 
thus  far  failed,  the  church  at  large  was  greatly  displeased  with  the  attempt. 
Rev.  Theodore  Frelinghuysen,  pastor  at  Albany,  started  on  January  1, 
I75S,  visiting  all  the  principal  churches,  and  securing  signatures  for  a  uni- 
versity for  the  Dutch  alone.  He  also  ascertained  the  opinion  in  reference 
to  the  American  Classis.13 

Meanwhile,  as  the  time  drew  near  when  the  committee  should  have  been 
convoked  (April  1-10,  1755)  to  hear  the  reports  of  the  churches  in  the  mat- 
ter of  the  Classis,  Ritzema  and  his  friends  must  have  painfully  felt  the 
awkwardness  of  their  situation.  While  he  had  abandoned  the  Ccetus,  his 
Episcopal  friends  had  not  stood  by  him.  The  subject  had  been  thoroughly 
ventilated  during  the  winter,  and  the  friends  of  the  college,  while  they  saw 
they  had  acred  unhandsomely,  were  likewise  somewhat  alarmed.  If  Fre- 
linghuysen's  university  succeeded  they  would  have  a  poor  support  for  their 
college,  as  the  Dutch  population  was  yet  overwhelmingly  in  the  majority. 
Shall  not  they  and  the  Dutch  friends  in  New  York  again  strike  hands, 
which  would  both  relieve  the  charter  of  its  partisan  character  and  relieve 
certain  Dutch  ministers  from  their  predicament?  It  would  be  mutually  ad- 
vantageous. Yet,  owing  to  the  strong  popular  feeling  against  the  college, 
would  it  be  wise  to  carry  the  subject  before  the  public?  Mr.  Ritzema,  as 
one  of  the  qualified  governors  of  the  college,  had  peculiar  opportunities  to 
try  again  to  secure  the  professorship  in  the  college. 

Accordingly  we  read : 

"At  the  first  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Governors  (May  7,  1755),  after 
their  acceptance  of  the  charter,  and  the  speech  of  the  lieutenant-governor, 
and  the  reply  of  Mr.  Chambers,  Rev.  Mr.  Ritzema,  senior  minister  of  the 
Dutch  church,  among  other  things  addressed  by  him  to  the  lieutenant-gov- 
ernor, remarked  that  he  was  sorry  to  have  observed  the  differences  and  ani- 
mosities in  the  province  touching  several  restrictions  in  the  charter.     He 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  Ill 

expressed  his  hope  that  some  means  might  be  fallen  upon  to  heal  them, 
and  his  belief  that  it  would  conduce  greatly  to  that  end  if  his  Honor  would 
be  pleased  to  grant,  either  by  addition  to  the  charter  or  in  such  other  man- 
ner as  should  be  thought  most  proper,  that  there  should  be  established  in 
the  college  a  professor  of  divinity,  for  the  education  of  such  of  the  youth 
of  their  church  as  might  be  intended  for  the  ministry,  with  a  suitable  al- 
lowance of  salary,  and  to  be  chosen  by  the  Consistory  of  that  church  for 
the  time  being.  The  lieutenant-governor,  in  reply,  expressed  his  approval 
of  Mr.  Ritzema's  suggestion,  and  his  willingness  to  grant  any  application 
in  accordance  with  it  that  the  governors  might  address  to  him.  The  gov- 
ernors at  once  unanimously  adopted  Mr.  Ritzema's  proposal,  and  appointed 
a  committee  to  prepare  their  petition  accordingly ;  which  being  reported  at 
their  next  meeting,  and  approved,  the  same  committee  was  directed  to  pre- 
sent it,  and  at  the  meeting  after,  on  the  3d  of  June,  Mr.  Banyar,  deputy 
secretary  of  the  province,  delivered  to  the  governors  his  Majesty's  ad- 
ditional charter,  making  provision  for  the  establishment  of  a  professor  in 
divinity,  according  to  the  doctrine,  discipline,  and  worship  established  by 
the  National  Synod  of  Dort."14 

The  success  of  this  second  attempt,  .with  the  preceding  circumstances  in 
general,  was  the  immediate  cause  of  the  disruption  of  the  Dutch  Church. 

THE  ACTION  OF  THE  CCETUS— THEIR  ASSUMPTION  OF 
INDEPENDENCE. 
The  committee  not  having  met  in  the  early  part  of  April,  and  Ritzema 
having  finally  succeeded  in  his  plans  in  the  early  part  of  May  (1755).  the 
Rev.  Theodore  Frelinghuysen  assumed  the  responsibility  of  calling  an 
extra  meeting  of  the  Ccetus  for  May  30th.  Its  design  was  to  take  official 
action  in  the  matter  of  an  American  Classis,  and  also  to  consider  the  sub- 
ject of  a  university  distinctively  for  the  Dutch  Church.  Ritzema,  of  course, 
was  not  present,  although  the  meeting  was  held  in  New  York.  Three 
years  later  he  sought  to  vindicate  the  conduct  of  himself  and'  his  friends 
by  saying  that  they  "were  driven  off  by  the  imperious  conduct  of  Rev. 
Theodore  Frelinghuysen,  who  took  it  upon  himself,  without  the  order  of 
any  one,  to  put  the  congregations  under  a  Classis,  and  to  erect  an  academy, 
the  professor  of  which  he  had  already  named,  and  the  support  of  which  he 
intended  to  draw  from  Holland."  Ritzema,  as  the  last  president  of  the 
Ccetus,  held  the  Book  of  Minutes,  which  the  Ccetus  party  never  recov- 
ered. Thenceforth  the  anti-Coetus  men,  as  if  they  were  the  rep- 
resentatives of  the  church,  although  a  minority,  recorded  their  own 
letters,  and  subsequently  (1764),  when  they  found  it  expedient  to  or- 
ganize themselves  formally,  they  recorded  their  own  proceedings,  in  the 
Coetus  volume.  But  it  was  several  years  before  they  could  obtain  any  of- 
ficial recognition  from  Holland.  We  have,  therefore,  the  subsequent  pro- 
ceedings of  the  Coetus  (or  American  Classis,  which  it  now  became)  only 
in  fragments.1"  If  they  were  recorded  in  a  volume  it  is  not  impossible  that 
it  may  yet  come  to  light.  Part  of  their  proceedings  at  this  extra  meeting 
was  the  commissioning  of  Mr.  Frelinghuysen  to  go  to  Holland  to  collect 
funds  for  the  proposed  academy.     This  document  was  written  in  the  Latin 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN'     AMERICA. 


language,  and  signed  by  the  ministerial  members  present.  A  copy  was 
made  in  the  Dutch  language,  somewhat  more  expanded,  and  this  contains 
the  names  of  the  elders:1. 


OMNIBUS       HAS       LITERAS       LECTURIS, 
SALUTEM     IN    DOMINO. 

Quia  expediens  est,  ad  gloriam 
Dei  summi  numinis,  salutemque 
generis  humani  conducens,  in  illis 
Terrae  finibus  nupere  inhabit  at  is, 
Seminaria  Ver/E  Sophle,  demum 
asquae  doctrinae  erigere,  ut  filiorum 
hominum  sapientia,  virtute,  infuca- 
taque  pietate  imbuerentur :  Ideo  nos, 
pastores,  et  Presbyteri  Reformatae 
Ecclesiae  utriusque  provincial,  nempe 
Novo  Eboraco,  et  Caesariensis  in 
America  Boreali,  pacto  internos 
imitate  foederis,  in  coetu  congregati 
concludimus  in  hisce  temporibus 
criticis  summa  niti  ope,  in  timore 
Dei,  Academiam,  seminariumve 
plantare  ad  juventutem  studiis  desti- 
natam  in  Unguis  doctis,  artibus  lib- 
eralibus,  scientiisque  philosophicis 
instituendam  sitque  schola  Prophet- 
arum  in  qua  juveniles  Levitae,  et 
Nazarei  Dei  ad  sacrum  ministeriali 
numus  in  ecclesia  Dei  obeundum 
preparentur.  Enimvero  dum  regio 
nostra  ad  hue  nova  est,  et  non  tanto 
sere  prsedita  est,  quantum  ad  opus 
praescriptum  requiritur,  ideo  magn  >- 
pere  petimus  ab  omnibus  bene  dis- 
positis,  imploramusque  eos  velint 
nobis  argenti  succurrere  maim 
dando  aliquid  ad  promotionem 
magni,  et  maxime  necessarii  operis 
suscepti.  Et  nos  delegamus,  et 
auctoritate  hisce  Uteris  munimus 
Reverendum  Dominum  Theodorum 
Frelinghuysen,  Albaniensis  ecclesia? 
Reformatae  Pastorem  fidelis'simum, 
petitionem  nostram  humillimam. 
ubicunque,  Providentia  Dei  viam 
pandet,  proferre,  rationes  pondero- 
sashujus  propositi  plenius  explicare, 
dona   accipere,    el    in   omnibus     sic 


OUR   SAM    I  A  HON   IN  THE  LORD  TO  ALL 
WHO     MAY    READ    THIS    LETTER. 

"[May,  1755.]  Inasmuch  as  it  is 
expedient  for  the  glory  of  God,  and 
conducive  to  the  salvation  of  men, 
to  establish  in  these  recently  inhab- 
ited ends  of  the  earth  seminaries  of 
true  philosophy  as  well  asofsound 
doctrine,  that  men  may  be  imbued 
with  the  principles  of  human  wis- 
dom, virtue,  and  unostentatious 
piety:  Therefore  we,  pastors  and 
elders  of  the  Reformed  Church  of 
both  povinces — viz.,  of  New  York 
and  New  Jersey,  in  North  America 
— being  assembled  in  a  Coetus,  and 
having  established  an  alliance  among 
ourselves,  do  resolve  in  these  present 
critical  times  to  strive  with  all  our 
energy,  and  in  the  fear  of  God.  to 
plant  a  university  or  seminary  for 
young  men  destined  for  study  in  the 
learned  languages  and  in  the  liberal 
arts,  and  who  are  to  be  instructed  in 
the  philosophical  sciences;  also  that 
it  may  be  a  school  of  the  prophets  in 
which  young  Levites  and  Nazarites 
of  God  may  be  prepared  to  enter 
upon  the  sacred  ministerial  office  in 
the  church  of  God.  Indeed,  because 
our  country  is  yet  new,  and  not  pos- 
sessed of  so  great  wealth  as  is  re- 
quired for  the  work  prescribed, 
therefor?  we  earnestly  beseech  all 
the  well  disposed,  and  implore  them 
to  be  willing  to  help  us  with  the 
power  of  money,  by  giving  some- 
thing for  the  promotion  of  this  great 
and  peculiarly  necessary  work  which 
we  have  undertaken:  and  we  hereby 
delegate  and  do  appoint,  by  our  au- 
thority and  this  present  instrument, 
the  Rev.  Domine  Theodore  Freling- 
huysen, the  very   faithful  pastor  of 


THE    .REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 


113 


agere  ut  illi  utile,  et  necessarium  vi- 
debitur  ad  promotionem  rei  predic- 
tae;  daturus  fratribus  unitate  faeder- 
atis  de  omnibus  accuratam  rationem. 
Oramus  igitur,  veiit  Deus  Omnisuf- 
ficiens  iter  suum  trans  Oceanum 
felix,  et  prosperum  reddere,  animos, 
et  manus  bene  dispositorum  aperrire, 
et  eorum  dona  nobis  collata  largiter 
remunerare  in  hoc,  et  in  seculo  fu- 
turo. 

Actum  in  ceetuali  conventu  nostro 
habito  Neo  Eboraco,  die  trigesimo 
mensis  Maii,  Anno  Domini  Nostri 
Millesimo,  Septingentesimo,  Quis- 
quagesimo  quinto. 

Ex  nomine,  et  auctorite  totius 
Ccetus.19 


the  Reformed  church  at  Albany,  to 
present  our  most  humble  petition 
wherever  the  providence  of  God 
may  open  up  a  way,  and  to  explain 
more  fully  the  weighty  reasons  of 
this  our  proposition ;  to  receive  do- 
nations, and  in  all  circumstances  to 
act  as  may  seem  good  to  him  and 
necessary  for  the  furtherance  of  the 
matter  above  mentioned.  He  will 
also  give,  in  behalf  of  the  brethren 
united  in  this  alliance,  an  exact  ac- 
count of  all  things.  We  therefore 
pray  that  the  all-sufficient  God  will 
give  him  a  pleasant  voyage  across 
the  ocean  and  a  prosperous  return, 
and  will  open  the  hearts  and  the 
hands  of  the  well  disposed,  and 
bountifully  reward  them  for  their 
gifts  contributed  to  us,  both  in  this 
world  and  in  the  world  to  come. 

"Done  in  our  Ccetus  Convention, 
held  in  New  York  on  the  thirtieth 
day  of  May,  1755.  In  the  name  and 
by  the  authority  of  the  whole  Ccetus. 

"Reinhardt  Erickzon,  p.   t.  Pracses.. 
Johannes  Leydt,  p.  t.  Scriba., 
Benjamin  Meynema, 
Ulpiandis  van  Sinderin, 
Johannes  Henricus  Goetschius, 
J.  C.  Fryenmoet, 
Samuel  Verbryck, 
David  Marin  us, 
Barent  Vrooman, 
Johannes  Schuneman. 
Thomas  Romeyn." 

The  Coetus  had  great  hopes  of  success  in  this  matter,  on  account  of  the 
peculiar  success  of  Mr.  Schlatter  in  1751,  when  he  visited  Europe  in  behalf 
of  the  German  churches.  But  the  circumstances  were  not  altogether  simi- 
lar. Mr.  Frelinghuysen  did  not  start  on  his  mission  until  four  and  a  half 
years  later  (October,  1759). 

At  this  same  meeting,  without  waiting  further,  all  the  powers  of  a  Classis 
were  assumed,  according  to  the  constitution  of  the  church  (May  30,  1755)." 
Correspondence  had  been  had  with  Holland  during  the  previous  winter, 
but  with  not  very  satisfactory  results.  It  seemed  necessary  to  take  this 
independent  course  in  order  to  forestall  the  plans  of  the  professorship  in 
King's  College,  which  had  been  consummated  without  authority  from  Hoi- 


114  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 

land,  and,  after  its  first  failure,  without  authority  from  the  church  of  New 
York  or  the  church  at  large.  The  Coetus  at  once  proceeded  to  license 
Henry  Frelinghuysen,  whose  case  had  been  pending  for  some  time;  and 
from  year  to  year  they  licensed  others  without  consulting  the  wishes  of  the 
European  Classis.  They  also  at  this  first  meeting  censured  the  opponents 
cf  Domine  Goetschius  at  Hackensack,  as  well  as  his  colleague,  Curtenius, 
and  Domine  Haeghoort,  who  defended  him.  These  parties,  in  turn,  com- 
menced a  civil  suit  against  them  as  disturbers  of  the  peace.  When  after- 
ward directed  to  remove  these  censures  by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  they 
refused  to  obey.  Subsequently,  when  Schuyler  succeeded  Curtenius  at 
Hackensack,  they  censured  him  for  doing  this  without  their  permission.1" 
When  Domine  Ritzema's  amendment  to  the  charter  of  the  college  became 
known  to  the  public,  there  was  much  dissatisfaction  with  it,  even  in  his 
own  church.  His  Consistory  entered  a  complaint  (Aug.  n,  1755)  against 
his  course  of  conduct  in  this  respect,  and  ordered  it  to  be  entered  on  their 
records. 


COMPLAINT    OF    THE    CHURCH    OF    NEW    YORK    AGAINST 

RITZEMA. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Consistory  of  New  York  one  of  the  members  pre- 
sented a  writing,  with  a  request  that  it  should  be  read  to  the  meeting; 
which  having  been  done,  it  was  by  a  majority  vote  ordered  to  be  recorded 
in  the  church  book,  and  for  this  purpose  given  to  the  president.  It  runs 
thus: 

"A  testimony  and  declaration  in  writing  of  the  elders,  deacons,  and 
church-masters  of  the  Low  Dutch  Reformed  Protestant  Congregation  in 
the  city  of  New  York. 

"After  that  the  Consistory,  in  the  year  1754,  had  presented  a  request  to 
the  Hon.  House  of  Assembly,  in  their  own  name  and  that  of  the  other  Low 
Dutch  congregations  in  the  province  of  New  York,  asking  certain  rights  or 
privileges  in  the  provincial  academy  or  college  which  they  were  about  to 
establish  among  us,  and  had  obtained  a  favorable  reply  thereto,  it  was 
thought  proper  to  leave  the  matter  to  their  Honors'  prudence  and  wisdom, 
not  doubting  that  they,  with  the  consent  of  the  lieutenant-Governor  and 
the  high  council,  would  lay  the  foundation  and  the  principles  of  the  said 
academy  in  such  a  way  that  the  Low  Dutch  Reformed  congregations  here, 
as  well  as  others,  would  acquiesce  therein  with  joy  and  satisfaction,  and  be 
animated  to  do  their  utmost  for  its  upbuilding  and  advancement,  with  unity 
and  brotherly  love,  binding  hearts  and  hands  together  with  all  who  sought 
to  further  the  welfare  and  success  of  the  same; 

"And  seeing  that  since  that  time  some  persons  have  obtained  a  charter 
for  a  college  for  the  English  Church,  whose  fundamental  articles  are  op- 
posed to  the  object  of  the  provincial  academy,  and  which  is  so  strictly 
limited  that  almost  no  privileges  or  liberties  are  left  to  induce  other  denom- 
inations to  unite  with  them,  but  only  a  small  number  of  trustees  or  gov- 
ernors of  the  college  who  are  not  of  thai  church,  who  can  easily  he  over- 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  1 15 

borne  in  voting  by  those  of  the  English  Church,  which  has  given  much 
offense  and  dissatisfaction  here,  especially  to  those  who  have  at  heart  their 
rights  and  privileges ; 

"This  being  so,  notwithstanding  Domine  John  Ritzema,  as  the  oldest 
minister  of  our  congregation  at  New  York,  allowed  himself  to  qualify  as 
one  of  the  governors  of  the  said  college,  and  took  an  oath  to  seek  the 
prosperity  of  the  same,  all  without  the  knowledge,  advice,  or  consent  of  the 
Consistory — nay,  against  their  will  and  purpose — and  used  all  diligence  to 
establish  said  college,  together  with  a  pressure  to  obtain  an  addition  to  the 
charter  providing  a  Dutch  professor  for  the  Low  Dutch  people;  which 
addition,  when  obtained,  is  of  no  essential  advantage,  being  so  limited  that 
the  said  governors,  or  the  majority  of  fifteen  of  them,  may,  according  to 
their  pleasure,  under  pretense  of  misconduct,  suspend  the  Dutch  professor, 
or  even  displace  him  from  his  office,  without  any  liberty  of  appeal;  and, 
under  the  appearance  of  liberties  allowed  to  the  Low  Dutch  Church,  they 
seek  to  move  the  members  of  the  Hon.  House  of  Assembly,  by  a  request 
or  petition,  to  bestow  the  public  money  on  the  said  English  Church  college, 
which  request,  or  petition,  was  signed  by  Domine  Ritzema,  as  one  of  the 
governors,  and  thereby  he  instigated  the  Assembly  to  confirm  and  ratify 
the  said  charter; 

"And  seeing  that  we,  the  present  ruling  Consistory,  are,  by  God's  provi- 
dence, chosen  over  this  congregation  to  watch  for  its  welfare,  and  as  far 
as  possible  hinder  any  discord  of  perversity,  we  cannot  with  a  good  con- 
science omit  to  have  noted  in  the  church  book  the  following  testimonies,  in 
order  that  every  one  of  our  congregation,  and  those  who  come  after  us, 
may  know  our  solemn  convictions  of  the  imprudent  conduct  of  Domine 
John  Ritzema,  and  also  because  our  silence  in  so  weighty  a  matter  might 
be  taken  for  a  consent  and  approval :     Therefore  we  testify : 

"i.  That  Domine  John  Ritzema,  in  allowing  himself  to  be  qualified  as 
governor  or  overseer  of  said  English  charter  college,  did  this  without  our 
knowledge,  and  therefore  without  the  advice,  counsel,  or  consent  of  the 
Consistory. 

''2.  That  the  addition  to  said  charter,  which  was  obtained  by  means  of 
his  reverence,  and  is  said  to  contain  full  privileges  for  our  congregation, 
was  prepared  incontestably  without  our  knowledge,  advice,  or  counsel,  and 
in  no  respect  answers  to  our  conception  of  what  would  be  advantageous 
for  the  upbuilding  of  our  church,  and  is  dearly  bought,  since  it  is  so  fettered 
by  the  jurisdiction  of  other  parties  that  the  liberties  and  rights  therein 
given  to  the  Low  Dutch  are  nothing  but  a  fair  show. 

"3.  That  the  aforesaid  conduct  of  his  reverence  with  the  gentlemen  of 
the  English  Church,  in  a  matter  of  so  great  importance  to  our  congrega- 
tion, without  the  knowledge  or  counsel  of  the  Consistory,  is  contrary  to 
our  expectation,  against  the  close  bonds  which  ought  to  exist  between 
Consistory  and  minister,  against  the  indispensable  respect  which  he  ought 
to  show  the  Consistory,  against  brotherly  love,  and  against  the  unity  and 
peace  of  our  congregation. 

"4.  That  the  strife  and  discord  which  have  arisen  upon  his  course,  his 
reverence  alone  is  the  cause  and  author  of. 


Il6  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

"Set  down,  according  to  the  resolution  of  the  Consistory,  this  eleventh 
of  August,  1755.     In  the  name  of  all. 

"Signed. 

"Lambertus  de  Ronde,  Pres." 

To  this  Domine  Ritzema  made  a  feeble  reply.19 

On  account  of  these  circumstances  a  sad  division  took  place  in  the 
church,  which  lasted  for  sixteen  years  (1755-71).  It  is  known  as  the 
Ccetus  and  Conferentie  controversy.  The  details  of  the  struggle  have  been 
given  with  considerable  fullness  in  the  author's  "Manual  of  the  Reformed 
Church  in  America"  (1879),  and  need  not  be  here  repeated.  The  Con- 
ferentie pleaded  long  for  recognition  by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  and  it 
was  only  partially  obtained  after  several  years'  effort.  This  recognition 
was  unfortunate,  as  they  then  tried  to  organize  an  independent  body  (1764), 
which  had  a  brief  and  sickly  existence.  Meantime  the  Ccetus  or  American 
Classis  continued  to  exercise  independent  powers,  although  in  constant 
correspondence  with  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  They  examined  and  or- 
dained young  men  as  opportunity  permitted.  A  pamphlet  controversy  was 
carried  on  for  several  years  by  Ritzema,  of  New  York,  and  Rev.  John 
Leydt,  of  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  in  which  the  whole  question  of  the  right 
to  organize  independently  to  meet  the  spiritual  necessities  of  the  people  was 
discussed.  Contests  and  irregular  suspensions  took  place,  with  appeals  to 
the  civil  power.  It  was  during  this  controversy  that  it  was  said  that  the 
oath  of  allegiance  to  Great  Britain  was  inconsistent  with  subordination  to 
the  foreign  state  church  of  Holland,  and  hence  they  must  be  independent. 
Rev.  Hermanus  Meyer,  a  man  of  a  sweet  evangelical  spirit,  was  a  principal 
sufferer  through  irregular  disciplinary  acts  of  the  Conferentie  party.  The 
Classis  of  Amsterdam  vacillated,  and  threatened  to  abandon  both  parties. 
The  whole  matter  became  complicated  with  the  introduction  of  English 
preaching  in  New  York  in  1763,  which  resulted  in  a  sad  lawsuit.  The 
American  Classis  in  1766  obtained  a  charter  for  Queen's  College  in  New 
Jersey.  Several  ineffectual  attempts  were  made  to  unite  the  parties,  but 
the  Conferentie  were  unwilling  that  the  majority  should  rule.  Churches 
and  even  families  were  divided,  and  religion  was  disgraced.  There  seemed 
no  way  to  effect  a  reconciliation. 


'The  history  of  this  Period  III  is  treated  far  more  elaborately  in  the  third 
edition  of  the  "Manual,"  1879.     Compare  Chapters  III,  IV,  V. 

2Dispute  on  Long  Island  between  the  parties  of  Freeman  and  Antonides: 
Doc.  Hist.,  vol.  iii.,  pp.  89-115;  Strong's  "History  Flatbush."  The  Consistory 
of  Kings  County  wrote  an  elaborate  statement  of  the  difficulties  there  to  the 
Classis  on  April  26,  1706.     The  correspondence  on  the  subject  is  voluminous. 

*See  Tracy's  history  of  "The  Great  Awakening."  Rev.  Dr.  Messler's  "Me- 
morial Sermons  and  Historical  Notes"  (1874)  give  details  of  the  work  on  the 
Raritan. 

4His  opponents  published  a  complaint  ("Klagte")  in  1725  against  him.^in  a 
volume  of  150  pages.  Peace  was  not  secured  until  the  fall  of  1734.  See  "Am- 
sterdam Correspondence,"  which  is  very  full  on  these  matters. 

"For  details,  see  "Manual,"  under  the  names  of  Goetschey,  Boehme,  Weiss, 
Dorsius;  also  Dr.  Dubb's  "History  of  Reformed  [German]  Church  in  United 
States." 

'See  "Amsterdam  Correspondence." 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  11/ 

7In  letter  of  the  Classis  of  January  11,  1735,  to  the  ministers  of  New  York, 
the  Classis  already  suggest  the  propriety  of  an  Association. 

sLetters,  under  date,  in  "Amsterdam  Correspondence." 

°These  offers  printed  in  "Centennial  of  New  Brunswick  Seminary,"  p.  308. 

10These  petitions  aDd  protests  all  given  in  "Centennial  of  New  Brunswick 
Seminary,"  PP.  309-319.  See  also  "The  Independent  Reflector,"  the  paper  of 
Hon.  Wm.  Livingston,  1753.  This  consists  of  Weekly  Essays  on  Sundry  Im- 
portant Subjects.  The  first  paper  is  dated  Nov.  30,  1752;  the  last,  Nov.  22, 
1753.  The  writer  secured  this  rare  and  valuable  volume  at  the  sale  of  Hon. 
Henry  C.  Murphy's  library,  and  it  is  now  in  the  Sage  Library  at  New  Bruns- 
wick, N.  J.  It  also  contains  four  numbers  of  "The  Occasional  Reverberator," 
Sept.  7,  14,  21,  and  Oct.  5,  1753.  Sedgewick'e  "Life  of  Wm.  Livingston"  throws 
much  light  on  those  times.  Livingston's  papers  will  probably  be  published 
soon  in  "New  Jersey  Archives." 

"See  the  entire  letter  in  "Centennial  of  New  Brunswick  Seminary,"  p.  302. 
We  hope  all  this  correspondence  will  soon  be  printed  by  the  State  of  New  York. 

"From  the  "Journal"  of  the  Assembly  (of  the  province),  vol.  ii.,  p.  392,  Oct. 
25,  1754. 

"See    New    Brunswick    Centennial,    pp.  308-319. 

"Although  this  amendment  to  the  charter  was  passed,  it  was  never  recorded 
in  the  Book  of  Patents. 

I6The  writer  found  copies  of  most  of  these  Ccetus  Minutes  in  his  researches  in 
the  Archives  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  in  1897-8. 

"The  original  copy  brought  over  by  Mr.  Brodhead  in  1843  was  in  Dr.  Thoe. 
de  Witt's  hands  about  1852,  together  with  the  Dutch  copy,  but  these  originals 
are  not  now  to  be  found.  The  writer's  copy,  first  printed  by  him  In  the 
"Manual"  of  1869,  was  taken  from  a  printed  copy  in  the  "Christian  Intelli- 
gencer" in  1852. 

"See  Smith's  "New  York,"  p.  334. 

"See  "Amsterdam  Correspondence." 

"See  "Manual,"  1879,  p.  44. 


llS  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 


CHAPTEE  IX.1 

REUNION  OF  THE  PARTIES— THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION— 
THE  AMERICAN  CHURCH  CONSTITUTION  (1771-92). 

But,  while  no  basis  of  harmony  seemed  possible  to  human  wisdom,  cir- 
cumstances were  occurring  which  would  result  in  the  union  of  the  two 
parties.  As  the  pious  John  Livingston,  of  Ancrum,  Scotland,  had  been 
driven  to  Holland  a  century  before,  and  had  found  a  welcome  reception 
in  the  Reformed  Church  of  that  land,  so  now  Providence  ordered  it  that 
a  descendant  of  his  should  repay  the  former  kindness  by  becoming  a  peace- 
maker to  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  in  America. 

John  H.  Livingston  was  graduated  from  Yale  College  in  1762.  After 
some  hesitation  as  to  his  future  course,  he  dedicated  himself  to  the  ministry. 
The  question  now  pressed  itself  upon  his  attention  whether  he  should  re- 
main in  the  Dutch  Church  or  join  the  Presbytery  or  the  Episcopal  Church. 
The  condition  of  the  Dutch  Church  was  very  uninviting  just  then,  not  only 
on  account  of  the  division,  but  on  account  of  the  difficulties  connected  with 
the  change  of  language.  He  did  not  understand  Dutch  very  well ;  and.  to 
be  useful  to  all,  he  would  probably  be  obliged  to  go  to  Holland  for  his 
theological  education  and  ordination.  Nevertheless,  he  decided  to  remain 
in  the  church  of  his  fathers.  The  very  troubles  which  would  have  repelled 
most  men  led  him  to  devote  himself  to  the  task  of  reconciling  the  parties. 
And  he  was  not  mistaken  in  his  mission. 

In  the  summer  of  1765  he  became  acquainted  with  the  devoted  Laidlie, 
and  learned  all  the  circumstances  of  the  state  of  the  church.  At  length  he 
sailed  for  Holland  (May  12,  1766),  being  the  last  of  the  American  youths 
who  went  thither  for  education  and  ordination.  It  was  a  fortunate  cir- 
cumstance for  the  party  of  independence  that  they  had  successively  three 
such  able  men  to  represent  them  in  the  Fatherland  in  the  decade  preceding 
their  success.  Theodore  Frelinghuysen  (1760)  had  urged  the  necessity  of 
a  university  for  the  church,  and  of  an  American  Classis ;  Hardenbergh.  an 
able  American  ordained  minister  (1761-63),  had  exerted  a  happy  influence 
in  enlightening  public  opinion  in  reference  to  the  wants  of  the  American 
churches;2  and  now  (1766-70)  Livingston  was  eminently  calculated  to  com- 
plete the  work.  He  attended  lectures  at  the  University  of  Utrecht,  and 
by  his  lovely  spirit  made  many  friends.  He  mastered  the  Dutch  language, 
and  learned  to  speak  in  Latin  almost  as  readily  as  in  his  native  tongue. 
He  developed  in  piety  as  in  knowledge,  and  became  a  winner  of  souls 
while  abroad.8 

But  his  heart  was  ever  seeking  to  devise  plans  of  peace  for  the  churches 
in  America.  He  was  in  constant  correspondence  with  friends  at  home, 
especially  with  an  eminent  elder.  Abram  Lott,  who  had  also  been  treasurer 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  119 

of  the  province  of  New  York.  When  the  Coetus  party  obtained  their  char- 
ter for  a  college  in  New  Jersey  (November,  1766),  he  labored  diligently  to 
make  that  plan  effective.  He  secured  from  liberal  friends  the  promise  that 
they  would  educate  a  proper  American  youth  as  professor  in  said  institu- 
tion (1767).  He  afterward  abandoned  the  plan,  lest  it  should  seem  to  have 
too  partisan  a  character. 

After  the  visit  of  Dr.  Witherspoon  to  Holland  (1768)  a  Plan  of  Union 
was  drawn  up  similar  to  that  which  was  afterward  adopted,  except  that  the 
American-Dutch  youth  studying  for  the  ministry  should  be  educated  at 
Princeton.  It  was  thought  that  the  Dutch  Church  could  hardly  sustain 
an  independent  theological  professor,  and  the  professors  in  Holland  had 
confidence  in  Dr.  Witherspoon.  This  plan  was  laid  before  the  Synod  of 
North  Holland  and  provisionally  approved.  In  the  meantime  the  Classis 
of  Amsterdam  wrote  to  the  American  churches  concerning  the  matter. 
But  the  Ccetus  objected  to  a  local  union  with  Princeton,  even  as  they  had 
formerly  objected  to  a  professorship  in  King's  College.  The  Conference, 
with  the  exception  of  Rysdyck,  were  utterly  opposed  to  the  plan,  and  gave 
a  negative  answer  without  even  consulting  their  elders.  The  Ccetus,  how- 
ever, sent  a  circular  letter  to  the  churches  to  ascertain  their  general  opinion. 
A  committee  of  the  Ccetus  waited  upon  the  New  York  Consistory  (May 
4,  1769),  representing  "their  heartfelt  inclination  for  peace,  and  requested 
that  the  Consistory  would  be  pleased  to  act  according  to  their  ability  to 
promote  that  desirable  end."  The  Consistory  answered  that  they  also  had 
"a  heartfelt  desire  for  peace;  but  since  this  project  relates  peculiarly  to 
them  (the  Ccetus)  they  should  state  how  they  regard  it:  whether  they 
approve  it,  and,  if  not,  if  they  have  any  observations  to  make  thereupon, 
and,  if  so,  what."     It  does  not  appear  what  reply,  if  any,  the  Coetus  made. 

An  effort  was  now  made  by  the  friends  of  Ritzema  (1769)  to  put  him  in 
the  theological  chair  in  King's  College ;  and  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  was 
pleased  with  the  plan,  and  recommended  its  adoption,  until  a  college  for  the 
Dutch  could  be  erected.  But  in  the  state  of  feeling  which  existed  it  was 
impossible  for  such  a  plan  to  succeed. 

This  circumstance  apparently  stimulated  the  Ccetus  party  to  still  greater 
efforts.  They  now  cut  loose  from  all  narrowness  of  spirit,  and  launched 
forth  upon  a  more  liberal  course.  They  obtained  a  charter  for  Queen's 
(now  Rutgers)  College  upon  a  foundation  capable  of  almost  indefinite  ex- 
pansion (March  20,  1770) .*  Its  preamble  states  that  the  people  of  the 
Reformed  faith  and  discipline  were  very  numerous,  and  were  desirous  of  a 
learned  and  well-qualified  ministry,  and  therefore  desired  a  college  not 
only  for  the  usual  reasons,  but  especially  that  young  men  might  prepare 
for  the  ministry;  that  the  inconveniences  were  many  and  the  expenses 
heavy  in  procuring  ministers  from  Europe,  or  sending  young  men  thither 
for  education ;  that  there  was  a  great  necessity  for  an  increased  number 
of  ministers,  and  that  a  charter  was  necessary  for  the  preservation  of 
collegiate  funds. 

The  charter  states  that  the  proposed  institution  was  designed  "to  pro- 
mote learning  for  the  benefit  of  the  community,  and  the  advancement  of 
the  Protestant  religion  of  all  denominations;  and  more  especially  to  remove, 


120  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

as  much  as  possible,  the  necessity  our  said  loving  subjects  have  hitherto 
been  under  of  sending  their  youth  intended  for  the  ministry  to  a  foreign 
country  for  education,  and  of  being  subordinate  to  a  foreign  ecclesiastical 
jurisdiction." 

The  trustees  were  directed  to  meet  first  at  Hackensack,  in  May,  1770. 
The  location  of  the  college  was  not  determined  by  the  charter.  The  presi- 
dent was  always  to  be  a  member  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church,  and  could 
be  the  professor  of  Divinity  also,  if  elected  thereto.  And  while  the  trustees 
were  to  appoint  such  professors  or  tutors  as  they  thought  necessary,  they 
were  always  to  have  one  professor  or  teacher  well  versed  in  the  Englisli 
language ! 

The  location  of  this  college  created  no  little  discussion.  The  body  oi 
the  church  was  on  the  banks  of  the  Hudson  River;  but  should  not  the 
college  be  located  at  a  point  as  accessible  as  possible  to  the  German  churches 
in  Pennsylvania?  Two  German  ministers — viz.,  Revs.  Philip  Wyberg  and 
Jonathan  du  Bois — had  been  named  in  the  charter  as  trustees.  The  location 
was  finally  determined  for  New  Brunswick  in  preference  to  Hackensack, 
as  the  region  of  the  Raritan  subscribed  most  liberally  for  its  endowment. 
But  the  charter  was  obtained  by  a  party,  and  it  could  not  at  once  succeed. 
If,  instead  of  the  "expensive  and  repressive  educational  routine"  of  the 
Conferentie,  which  had  paralyzed  all  extension  and  left  vacant  about  two- 
thirds  of  the  pulpits  of  the  church,  the  plans  of  the  Ccetus  had  been  earlier 
adopted,  how  much  better  it  would  have  been  for  the  denomination !  And 
if  the  claims  of  this  college  had  been  more  quickly  recognized,  how  much 
more  rapid  would  have  been  the  progress  of  the  church !  As  in  every 
good  cause,  however,  patience  was  still  needed,  and  the  ways  of  Providence 
would  ultimately  vindicate  themselves. 

With  the  completion  of  the  Fulton  Street  Church,  and  the  necessity  of 
another  English  preacher,  the  New  York  Consistory  determined  to  call  Dr. 
Livingston  (May  30,  1769)  to  become  the  colleague  of  Laidlie,  Ritzema,  and 
De  Ronde.  He  arrived  in  New  York  on  Sept.  3,  1770.  His  piety  was  of 
the  highest  character ;  his  education  abroad  placed  him  above  reproach  : 
while  his  learning  commanded  the  respect  of  all.  The  present  neutral 
position  of  his  church  gave  him  peculiar  advantages.  His  reputation  soon 
gained  for  him  an  extensive  acquaintance  with  the  ministers  of  both  parties. 
The  church  was  weary  and  ashamed  of  strife,  and  was  praying  for  peace. 
He  had  obtained  from  the  Synod  of  North' Holland  the  reference  of  this 
whole  subject  of  union  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  with  power.  This 
simplified  matters.  He  brought  over  a  plan  provisionally  indorsed  by  the 
Classis,  similar  to  the  former  plan,  but  omitting  any  proposition  to  unite 
with  Princeton  or  King's  College.  This  plan  was  discussed  privately  and 
by  correspondence  for  a  year.  At  length,  when  all  things  seemed  to  be 
ready,  he  proposed  to  his  Consistory  to  invite  a  general  convention  of  the 
churches  to  consider  plans  of  union.  This  was  heartily  agreed  to.  The 
following  is  the  invitation  : 

"Reverend:  The  mournful  circumstances  of  the  Low  Dutch  Reformed 
churches  in  this  land  are  too  well  known  to  all  to  render  it  necessary  to 


FAC-SIMILE    OF    METALLIC    PLATE,    FULTON    STREET 
CHURCH,    NEW  YORK. 

When  the  Fulton^Street  Church  was  taken  down  in  1S75  this  interesting 
relic  was  brought  to  light. 

Under  one  of  the  pillars  which  supported  the  gallery,  near  the  pulpit, 
was  found  a  metallic  plate,  twelve  inches  square,  a  fac-simile  of  which  is 
given  below ;  upon  this  is  stamped,  letter  by  letter,  a  brief  history  of  the 
Church  and  its  projectors,  concluding  with  two  verses  taken  from  the  fifth 
stanza  of  Watts'  version,  in  common  metre,  of  Psalm  CXXII.  Mr.  Garret 
Abeel,  who  prepared  the  plate,  was  one  of  the  Deacons  and  a  member  of 
the  Committee  appointed  to  erect  the  building.  He  says  in  his  notes  on  the 
erection  of  this  Church  :  "I  was  one  of  the  Commissioners  for  the  building 
of  this  Church,  and  before  the  most  northerly  pillar  was  erected,  I  put  under 
the  same  a  pewter  plate,  well  secured  against  moisture,  with  the  following 
inscription : 


this  church  was bv1lt  by  the  congregation 
of  the  reformedvprotestant  dutch  church  in 
theclttofnew^orkroretsglish  seruice  underthe 
inspection   ofa  co.mmitte  of 
Elders  ^eacons 

petermarschalk  isaac  roseuelt 

Peter  iott  Adrian  bancker 

curn  s  bogert  andrew marschalk 

THEODORUSVAI?  "WYCX       GAR-RET    ABEEL 
ANDREW  BREES TED  III    CARPENTER  AND  PRO1ECT0R 

loHN  stagg  Raster   Masow  and' Alex  bates 

The  FiRST^  Stone  was  laid  Iuly  2   ijoj  by 
Mr  IAcobus  RoSeuelt  sen  Elder 
the  walls  built  to  receiuethe  roof  iune  \j  ij02> 

THESE    PILLARSREARED  tuNE  2.  |    |  j6§ 

The  first  English  minister  for  the  dutch 

CONGREGATION  THE  REU    ARCHIBALD  LALDLIE  ]j64 
PEACE  BE WITHEN.THIS    SACRED    PLACE 

^  And  holy    giftS   and  heauenlyGrace 
Tobias  van zandt  clerk  cvbecl  fecit 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  121 

relate  die  same  to  you,  who  are  so  well  acquainted  with  the  discords  ex- 
isting, and  are  so  ready  to  heal  the  breach  of  Joseph.  We  hope  that  the 
long-delayed  desire,  which  has  made  so  many  hearts  sick,  is  now  at  last 
come  to  pass.  May  it  be  as  a  tree  of  life !  We  know  that  letters  have 
come  from  the  brethren  of  the  Rev.  Classis  of  Amsterdam  to  the  Confer- 
entie,  and  also  to  those  of  the  Coetus ;  and  they  have  likewise  written  to  us, 
approving  our  efforts  to  join  the  hands  of  the  brethren,  and,  if  possible, 
promote  the  happiness  and  prosperity  of  the  church.  We  are  greatly  in- 
clined to  this,  and  think  that  a  general  meeting  should  be  held  this  autumn. 
We  leave  it  to  your  better  judgment,  and  desire  not  to  dictate;  but  since 
it  necessarily  comes  before  us,  and  we  are  conscious  that  your  inclination 
is  for  union,  we  offer  our  services  to  help  in  any  way  for  the  attainment  of 
that  great  end.  Since  this  city  is  the  most  suitable  place  for  meeting,  and 
the  middle  of  October  the  best  time,  in  view  of  the  season  of  the  year,  we 
fraternally  request  you,  each  with  an  elder,  to  come  to  New  York  on  the 
third  Tuesday  of  October  next,  being  the  15th  of  the  month,  in  order  then, 
if  it  please  the  Lord,  to  establish  a  firm  and  enduring  church  constitution. 
With  invocation  of  all  health  and  blessing  upon  your  persons  and  the  con- 
gregations committed  to  you,  we  have  the  honor  to  remain,  Rev.  and 
Honored  Brethren, 

"Your  affect.  Servants  and  Brethren  in  the  Lord, 

"J.  H.  Livingston,  Prest.  p.  t. 
"N.  Y.,  in  our  Consistory  meeting,  Sept.  4,  1771." 

THE  UNION  CONVENTION   (1771). 

The  wished- for  day  (Oct.  15,  1771)  at  length  arrived.  Everything  was 
propitious.  Dr.  Livingston  had  been  appointed  by  his  Consistory  to  wel- 
come the  delegates.  De  Ronde,  formerly  one  of  the  most  strenuous  of  the 
Conferentie,  was  appointed  to  preach  a  sermon.  This  he  did  on  Ephesians 
vi,  23:  "Peace  be  to  the  brethren,  and  love  with  faith,  from  God  the  Father 
and  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ."  It  was  an  elegant  and  impressive  discourse, 
before  a  vast  assembly,  and  in  which  he  thanked  the  brethren  for  their 
willingness  to  convene  for  the  purpose  of  peace  and  unity,  and  urged  them 
to  the  same.  He  expressed  his  heartiest  wishes  for  success  in  their  en- 
deavors. This  was  a  most  happy  beginning.  Dr.  Livingston  was  elected 
president,  while  the  learned  Rysdyck  and  the  universally  respected  and 
polished  Westerlo  were  chosen  clerks.  Out  of  the  thirty-four  ministers 
and  the  more  than  one  hundred  churches  now  composing  the  denomination, 
twenty-two  ministers  and  twenty-five  elders,  representing  in  all  thirty-four 
churches,  were  present.  Of  the  whole  ministry  of  the  church  at  this  time 
(1771)  fifteen  were  European,  eight  of  whom  were  in  this  convention: 
eleven  had  been  ordained  in  America,  nine  of  whom  were  present;  while 
there  were  eight  ministers  remaining  of  those  who  had  gone  to  Holland 
for  ordination,  of  whom  five  were  present.  As  to  the  parties  into  which 
the  church  was  divided,  while  several  on  either  side  had  died,  there  were 
now  eleven  ministers  recognized  as  belonging  to  the  Conferentie,  of  whom 
seven  were  in  this  convention;   there  were  thirteen  acknowledged   Coetus 


122  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

men,  of  whom  ten  were  present;  and  there  were  ten  accounted  more  or 
less  neutral,  of  whom  five  were  present.  Westerlo  was  accounted  a  neutral 
in  the  convention,  although  his  name  appears  the  year  before  in  the  charter 
of  Queen's  College,  which  was  secured  by  the  Ccetus  party.  It  is  also 
remarkable  that  he  did  not  finally  sign  the  Articles  of  Union,  but  no  doubt 
because  his  congregation  yet  stood  aloof. 

A  committee  of  twelve  was  appointed,  representing  equally  the  three 
sections  of  the  convention,  and  composed  equally  of  ministers  and  elders. 
The  Conferentie  was  represented  by  De  Ronde  and  Rysdyck,  with  Elders 
van  Zandt  and  Snediker.  De  Ronde  had  passed  through  a  bitter  experience, 
and  came  to  the  work  of  reconciliation  with  a  chastened  spirit.  His  almost 
involuntary  lead  of  the  "Dutch  party"  for  several  years  previously,  and 
their  utter  discomfiture  in  the  lawsuit  against  English  preaching,  and  the 
great  pecuniary  expense,  with  the  rich  spiritual  success  of  Laidlie's  preach- 
ing in  English,  softened  his  heart,  and  qualified  him  to  utter  the  opening 
sermon  on  peace  and  love ;  while  Rysdyck,  who  alone  of  his  party  was  will- 
ing to  indorse  the  previous  Plan  of  Union  with  Princeton,  had  thereby 
manifested  his  pacific  disposition. 

The  Ccetus  was  represented  by  Hardenbergh  and  Verbrycq,  with  the 
elders  Fisher  and  Zabriskie.  All  of  these  had  been  named  a  year  and  a 
half  before  among  the  original  trustees  of  Queen's  College.  It  must  have 
required  no  little  grace  in  such  enterprising  men  to  ignore  all  reference  to 
their  new  charter  in  the  Plan  of  Union ;  or  did  these  far-sighted  men  un- 
derstand that  though  their  college  must  for  the  moment  be  ignored,  circum- 
stances would  surely,  in  time,  make  its  necessity  felt? 

The  neutral  brethren  were  represented  by  Livingston  and  Westerlo,  with 
the  elders  Roosevelt  and  Gansevoort.  Westerlo,  for  eleven  years,  had  pre- 
served the  confidence  and  respect  of  both  parties,  while  he  had  formally 
united  with  neither.  Dr.  Livingston  was,  of  course,  the  principal  agent  in 
the  whole  transaction. 

The  plan  brought  from  Holland,  and  already  indorsed  provisionally,  was 
now  presented.5  It  was  admirably  adapted  to  conciliate  all  parties.  Only 
slight  amendments  were  made,  when  it  was  unanimously  adopted  in  the 
committee.  The  Assembly  likewise  adopted  it  without  a  dissenting  voice. 
It  was  to  have  no  force  until  finally  approved  by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam. 
This  satisfied  the  Conferentie,  while  the  substantial  independence  gained 
satisfied  the  Ccetus. 

The  preamble  acknowledged  a  bond  of  union  with  the  church  in  Holland, 
but  stated  that  certain  misunderstandings  had  grown  up  respecting  it ;  and 
to  prevent  these  misunderstandings  in  the  future,  and  in  accordance  with 
the  advice  of  the  Classis,  they  now  united  and  pledged  themselves  to  regu- 
late their  ecclesiastical  government  and  union  with  the  mother-church  in 
Holland  in  the  following  manner: 

They  would  abide  by  the  doctrines  of  the  Netherland  Reformed  Church 
and  its  polity  as  established  in  the  Synod  of  Dort.  One  general  body  and 
five  particular  bodies  were  to  be  organized,  which  were  to  meet  annually. 
This  general  body  was  to  assume  the  long-desired  privilege  of  licensing 
and  ordaining  men  to  the  ministry:  but  the  names  of  all  such,  together  with 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  123 

the  names  of  all  newly  called  ministers,  and  of  such  as  changed  their  places 
of  settlement,  were  to  be  transmitted  to  Holland  for  registration,  together 
with  a  copy  of  their  acts  from  year  to  year.  Appeals  might  also  be  carried 
to  Holland.  One  or  more  professors  were  to  be  chosen  from  the  Nether- 
lands with  the  advice  of  the  Classis,  but  they  were  to  have  no  connection 
with  any  English  academies.  This  plainly  refers  to  King's  College  and' to 
Princeton.  Does  it  also  necessarily  include  New  Brunswick?  But  inas- 
much as  this  professorship  could  not  become  available  for  a  considerable 
time,  those  students  who  had  studied  under  different  ministers  were  to  be 
provisionally  examined  at  the  meeting  of  the  next  General  Body. 

Certain  articles  were  added  respecting  the  healing  of  disputes  and  the 
recognition  of  ministers  whom  the  Ccetus  had  ordained  without  permission. 
This  whole  plan  was  to  be  ratified  by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  before  it 
was  of  any  binding  authority.  Upon  its  indorsement  by  the  convention, 
"each  member  shall  provisionally  give  the  other  the  hand  of  fellowship,  in 
hope  that  the  reverend  Classis,  as  well  as  our  congregations,  will  approve 
this  plan." 

A  letter  from  the  convention  to  the  Classis6  accompanied  the  plan,  and 
another  from  the  New  York  Consistory.7  Answers  of  congratulation  were 
received.  In  their  reply  to  the  New  York  Consistory  (Jan.  14,  1772)  the 
Classis  says:  "Concerning  the  professorate,  we  can  determine  nothing — 
that  must  be  left  to  the  general  meeting  of  the  brethren;  meanwhile  it 
occurs  that,  possibly,  in  the  pressing  necessity  there  is  for  a  professor  of 
theology,  the  brethren  might  find  in  their  own  body  a  suitable  person,  who, 
though  not  born  in  the  Netherlands,  has  studied  and  received  his  ordina- 
tion there." 

A  second  convention  was  now  called,  according  to  arrangement  (June 
16,  1772).  Twenty-six  ministers  were  present  and  forty-three  elders. 
The  Classical  letter  to  the  convention  (Jan.  14,  1771),  approving  the  Plan 
of  Union,  was  read,  to  the  general  joy  of  all.     It  is  as  follows: 

THE  LETTER  OF  THE  CLASSIS  OF  AMSTERDAM. 

"To  the  Convention  of  United  Brethren,  Ministers,  and  Elders  of  the 
Reformed  Dutch  Churches  in  New  York  and  New  Jersey: 
"Reverend  and  Much-respected  Brethren  :  We  received  your  friendly 
letter,  with  the  accompanying  documents,  dated  October  18th,  just  previous 
to  the  close  of  the  year,  and  in  season  to  present  them  at  the  first  Classical 
meeting  in  the  new  year,  that  they  might  take  them  into  consideration,  and 
communicate  the  result  of  their  deliberations  as  speedily  as  practicable. 
We  have  learned  from  the  documents  you  have  sent  to  us,  with  great  joy. 
that  the  God  of  peace  has  inclined  the  hearts  of  the  brethren,  long  divided 
by  unhappy  contention,  to  seek  delightful  peace  and  reunion  in  brotherly 
love ;  so  that,  by  the  friendly  invitation  of  the  Consistory  of  the  church  in 
New  York,  most  of  them  assembled  in  that  city,  and,  after  a  session  of 
four  days,  were  reconciled  and  united  to  each  other.  We  also  learn  that 
the  absent  brethren,  mostly  prevented  by  circumstances  of  a  domestic 
nature,   have  given  the  assured  hope  that  they  will  be   satisfied   with   the 


124  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 

Plan  of  Union.  We  have  not  in  a  long  time  been  so  much  rejoiced  by 
gratifying  intelligence  from  our  churches  in  foreign  hinds  as  by  that  now 
received  from  you,  which  is  'good  tidings  from  a  far  country,'  like  water, 
refreshing  to  our  souls,  weary  and  thirsty  by  reason  of  our  former  corre- 
spondence in  relation  to  existing  difficulties.  Well  may  we,  in  the  congrega- 
tion of  God's  people,  offer  up  our  joyful  songs  of  praise  to  the  God  of 
peace.  We  desire  with  our  whole  hearts,  and  in  pure,  disinterested  love  to 
the  brethren  of  the  church,  that  this  peace  and  union  may  be  universal  and 
prove  perpetual.  The  pious  zeal  of  the  Consistory  of  New  York,  the  will- 
ingness and  readiness  of  the  brethren  to  respond  to  their  invitation  to 
assemble  in  convention,  the  pious  and  edifying  character  of  their  delib- 
erations during  their  session  of  four  days,  and  the  declared  assent  of  most 
of  their  absent  brethren,  conspire  to  warrant  the  well-grounded  hope  that 
such  will  be  the  result. 

"In  order  speedily  to  confirm  and  bring  to  conclusion  this  sacred  work 
of  peace,  and  to  allow  no  languor  or  delay,  we  have  in  our  Classical  meet- 
ing attentively  read  and  maturely  considered  the  proposed  articles  adopted 
by  the  brethren  present  as  a  basis  of  union.  These  articles  essentially  cor- 
respond with  the  plan  heretofore  proposed  by  us,  and  appear  to  be  wiselj 
adapted  to  the  peculiar  circumstances  and  condition  of  the  churches  of  New 
York  and  New  Jersey.  The  Classis,  cordially  desirous  to  see  peace  and 
harmony  restored  and  established  among  their  brethren  in  the  common  faith 
in  America,  wish  it  to  be  extensively  published  that  they  have  heartily  and 
unanimously  approved  the  Plan  of  Union,  without  proposing  any  alteration 
or  addition ;  and  they  express  their  ardent  hope  that  the  brethren  not 
present  at  the  convention  lately  held  in  New  York  may  be  animated  with 
the  same  zeal  for  the  attainment  of  peace  and  harmony,  and  adopt  the  Plan 
of  Union  without  suggesting  any  material  alteration. 

''We  trust  that  our  full  approbation  will  lend  to  promote  this  most  de- 
sirable end  in  your  entire  unanimity.  Still,  the  general  convention  of  the 
united  brethren  and  churches  not  only  claims  the  freedom,  but  (according 
to  the  import  of  the  articles  now  approved  by  us)  feels  itself  bound  further 
to  make  such  stipulations  and  additions  as  the  interests  and  welfare  of  the 
churches  may  require.  We  therefore  request  the  brethren  who  have  signed 
the  articles  of  the  Plan  of  Union  (having  entire  confidence  in  their  love  of 
and  devotion  to  the  cause  of  peace)  to  employ  all  their  efforts  for  the 
accomplishment  of  the  proposed  object,  and  especially  to  seek  the  recon- 
ciliation of  the  church  at  Kingston  with  their  minister.  Rev.  H.  Meyer. 
We  are  rejoiced  to  hear  that  he  yielded,  with  the  other  brethren,  his  full 
approbation  to  the  Articles  of  Union,  and  hope  that  the  reconciliation  be- 
tween him  and  the  church  may  soon  be  effected,  through  the  kind  mediation 
of  the  brethren,  unto  mutual  satisfaction  and  rejoicing.  We  cheer  our- 
selves with  the  hope  which  you  have  expressed  to  us,  that  when  our  ready 
and  full  approbation  of  the  Articles  of  Union  shall  be  sent  to  those  par- 
ticular churches  which  have  not  signed  them,  it  will  exert  such  a  strong 
influence  as  to  lead  to  their  acquiescence  and  approbation.  Thus  a  speedy 
adoption  of  the  articles  as  conditions  of  peace  will,  before  long,  bring  to 
an  end  all  divisions  and  dissensions,  cause  them  to  be  ever  forgotten,  and 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  125 

unite  the  hearts  of  the  brethren  so  closely  that  they  shall  continually  re- 
main a  well-cemented  body,  abiding  in  one  spirit,  and  with  one  accord 
striving  for  the  faith  of  the  Gospel.  Thus  shall  the  mother-church  of  the 
Netherlands  remain  in  close  connection  with  her  daughter  dwelling  in  a 
distant  country,  in  the  unity  of  faith  and  love,  and  built  on  one  common 
constitution. 

"Thus,  also,  the  churches  of  New  York  and  New  Jersey  may  successfully 
appeal  to  the  civil  authorities,  with  good  hope  of  success,  for  the  main- 
tenance of  their  ecclesiastical  freedom  and  privileges,  preserving  fully  the 
character  of  Reformed  Dutch  churches,  as  originally  organized.  Thus  may 
our  Reformed  Church  in  your  land,  in  the  midst  of  so  many  denominations 
as  surround  her,  exhibit  the  beautiful  and  attractive  appearance  of  the 
Lamb's  bridal  church,  'fair  as  the  moon,  clear  as  the  sun,  and  terrible  as  an 
army  with  banners.'  Over  your  peaceful  church,  animated  by  truth  and 
love,  inseparable,  united,  God  will  command  his  'blessing,  even  life  for- 
evermore,'  even  as  'on  a  habitation  of  righteousness  and  a  mountain  of 
holiness,'  the  fragrance  of  which  shall  spread  all  around,  and  attract  many 
to  her  communion,  as  members  of  the  'one  body  in  Christ.'  Nothing  can 
prove  more  delightful  to  us  who  have,  with  a  disinterested  spirit,  strongly 
exhorted  the  brethren  to  a  reconciliation  and  union,  and,  at  the  same  time, 
to  a  close  correspondence  with  the  Reformed  Church  of  Holland,  and  con- 
tinued attachment  to  her  faith  and  order,  than  henceforth  to  see  the 
churches  of  New  York  and  New  Jersey  a  true  Philadelphia,  where  the 
Lord  loves  to  dwell. 

"For  this  end  we  entreat,  in  behalf  of  the  brethren  and  churches,  the 
direction  of  the  'wisdom  which  is  from  above,  which  is  first  pure,  then 
peaceable,  gentle,  easy  to  be  entreated,  full  of  good  fruits,  without  par- 
tiality, and  without  hypocrisy.'  May  the  hearts  of  all  flow  together  into 
one,  and  be  bound  together  in  love,  which  is  the  bond  of  perfectness. 
Thus  'the  fruit  of  righteousness  shall  be  sown  in  peace  of  them  that  make 
peace;'  yea,  the  God  of  peace  shall  impart  the  earnest  of  salvation  to  those 
on  whom  He  pronounces  the  blessedness  of  the  peacemaker,  and  furnish 
therein  the  evidence  of  their  heavenly  sonship.  Commending  you  to  God's 
manifold  and  best  blessing  for  this  and  continued  years,  yourselves,  your 
families,  your  churches  and  ecclesiastical  assemblies, 

"We  remain,  reverend  and  respected  brethren,  with  true  brotherly  love 
and  regard,  your  fellow-servants  and  brethren  in  Christ, 

"N.  Tetterode, 

"V .  D.  M.  Amst.  et  Deputatorum   Classis 

ad  res  exteras,  h.  t.  Praeses. 

"JOHANNIS    ARN.     ECK, 

"V.  D.  M.  Amst.  et  Dep.  Classis  ad 
res  exteras,  h.  t.  p.  Scriba. 
"Amsterdam  :  done  in  Classical  Session,  Jan.  14.  i772"s 

The  Plan  of  Union  was  now  subscribed  by  almost  all  the  delegates  pres- 
ent, and  arrangements  were  made  for  the  subscription  of  those  congrega- 
tions not  represented,  by  inserting  the  plan  in  the  minutes  of  the  new 


126  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

Classes  which  were  about  to  be  organized.  During  the  sixteen  years  of 
division  the  Coetus  had  ordained  nine  men,  and  the  Conferentie  but  a 
single  one.  Thirteen  ministers  had  come  from  Holland  during  the  same 
period  to  serve  the  churches,  which  were  now  (1772)  about  one  hundred 
in  number.  Twenty-seven  of  these  had  been  organized  during  the  period 
of  strife,  not  from  strife  in  general,  but  from  necessity.  A  half-dozen  or 
more  of  the  whole  number  had  originally  been  French  Reformed,  and 
about  twenty  German  Reformed  (all  in  the  province  of  New  Netherland), 
most  of  which  were  gradually  Hollandized,  and  ultimately  Anglicized,  as  to 
language.  In  these  one  hundred  churches  during  the  century  and  a  half 
of  colonial  dependence,  one  hundred  and  twelve  ministers  had  officiated,  of 
whom  thirty-four  were  living  at  the  union  of  the  two  parties. 

THE  TRANSITORIAL  PERIOD  (1771-92). 

The  church  was  now  substantially  independent,  but  twenty-one  years 
more  were  required  before  it  dared  to  assert  unequivocally  its  majority  by 
a  new  constitution.  The  Articles  of  Union  betray  the  extreme  delicacy  of 
the  situation :  "We  organize  .  .  .  such  ecclesiastical  bodies  as  are  con- 
sistent with  the  government  and  constitution  of  the  Church  of  the  Nether- 
lands, and  our  relation  to  the  same,  and  under  such  titles  as  shall  hereafter 
be  determined.  They  shall  provisionally  be  called  a  General  Body  and 
Particular  Bodies."  These  bodies  correspond  in  every  respect  to  a  Synod 
and  Classes,  except  that  the  Particular  Bodies  were  not  yet  allowed  to 
license  and  ordain  men  for  the  ministry.  They  could  approve  of  calls  made 
on  ordained  ministers,  but  not  of  calls  made  on  candidates.  Even  this  was 
yet  jealously  reserved  to  the  General  Body.  It  had  once  been  claimed  that 
the  Ccetus,  according  to  church  order,  was  an  anomalous  body.  There  does 
not  appear  any  reference  to  the  fact  that  the  present  arrangement  was 
equally  anomalous.  A  few  ministers  and  churches  continued  to  stand  aloof 
from  this  union  for  several  years,  but  in  the  main  harmony  was  restored, 
and  the  two  parties  cordially  co-operated ;  for  it  was  not  policy  now  which 
chiefly  bound  them  together,  but  Christian  love. 

The  time  of  the  new  General  Body,  until  the  opening  of  the  American 
Revolution,  was  occupied  with  efforts  to  conciliate  the  few  outstanding  con- 
gregations,  to  establish  peace  and  harmony  in  certain  districts  where  strife 
had  reigned,  in  discussing  the  best  manner  of  initiating  a  ministerial 
Widows'  Fund,  and  especially  in  considering  that  great  and  most  important 
subject  of  all,  the  Professorate,  as  it  was  called.  Each  of  the  Particular 
Bodies  likewise  deliberated  upon  this  topic  from  year  to  year. 

Negotiations  were  begun,  within  a  year  and  a  half  after  the  consumma- 
tion of  the  union  (October,  1773),  between  the  trustees  of  Queen's  College 
and  the  Church.  The  trustees  had  raised,  within  two  years  after  their 
charter  was  granted,  funds  from  New  Jersey  alone,  for  the  endowment  of 
the  college,  to  the  amount  of  $20,000.  They  now  wrote0  to  the  Classis  of 
Amsterdam  and  to  the  theological  faculty  of  the  University  of  Utrecht, 
asking  them  to  recommend  a  proper  person  to  be  both  president  of  their 
college  and  professor  of  divinity  therein,  believing  that  such  an  arrange- 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  127 

ment  would  also  recommend  their  institution  to  the  approval  of  the 
Church.  They  urged  upon  the  Church  that  New  Brunswick  was  the  most 
proper  place  for  the  professor's  residence.  The  college  was  already  located 
there,  and  they  would  call  the  professor  elected  by  the  Church  as  the  presi- 
dent of  their  institution,  thus  lightening  the  burden  of  expense  for  each. 
The  General  Body  was  pleased  with  the  plan,  but  the  recent  division  was  yet 
too  fresh  to  make  it  practicable. 

But  the  colonial  period  was  about  to  end.  A  dark  war-cloud  was  begin- 
ning to  loom  up  ominously  on  the  horizon.  The  "Sons  of  Liberty"  were 
busily  at  work.  Two  months  before  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill  the  Church 
appointed  a  day  of  humiliation  and  prayer  in  behalf  of  the  evils  which 
seemed  to  be  threatening  the  land.  During  the  mighty  struggle  the  Re- 
formed Dutch  Church  was  in  hearty  sympathy  with  the  cause  of  freedom. 
Her  pulpits  "rang  with  stirring  appeals  which  roused  the  patriotic  ardor 
and  inspired  the  martial  courage  of  the  people."  The  scene  of  the  war 
was  chiefly  on  the  territory  of  the  Dutch  Church,  and  not  a  few  of  her 
church-buildings  were  destroyed,  and  her  ministers  were  often  driven  from 
their  homes.  The  church  memorialized  the  Legislature  of  New  York  in 
1780,  speaking  of  the  present  just  and  necessary  war.  At  its  close, 
Domine  Rubel  was  deposed  for  certain  immoralities  and  for  his  Toryism. 
The  mere  mention  of  the  names  of  Schuneman,  Hardenbergh,  Foering, 
Romeyn,  Livingston,  Westerlo,  Du  Bois,  Leydt,  and  many  others  in  the 
ministry,  at  once  suggests  the  stories  of  their  patriotism.10 

As  soon  as  independence  was  gained  it  was  resolved  to  drop  the  awk- 
ward names  of  General  Body  and  Particular  Bodies,  and  to  assume  the 
names  of  Synod  and  Classes."  In  the  same  year  the  Synod  elected  Dr. 
John  H.  Livingston  as  their  professor  of  theology,  and  Dr.  Hermanus 
Meyer  as  instructor  in  the  inspired  languages.  In  1788  a  committee  was 
appointed  to  translate  and  publish  the  doctrinal  symbols  of  the  Church  and 
the  Articles  of  Church  Government.  In  reference  to  the  latter  some  modi- 
fications were  found  to  be  necessary  to  adapt  them  to  the  American  Church. 
Hence,  while  preserving  the  eighty-four  Articles  of  Dort  on  Church  Order, 
there  were  added  to  these  seventy-three  Explanatory  Articles,  showing  how 
the  former  were  to  be  applied  to  the  American  Dutch  Church.12 

The  Explanatory  Articles  particularly  enlarged  on  the  subject  of  candi- 
dates, their  qualifications,  the  manner  of  their  entering  the  ministry,  and 
the  privileges  which  belonged  to  them  as  such ;  a  formula  which  licentiates 
must  subscribe  was  also  incorporated,  as  well  as  a  formula  for  the  sub- 
scriptions of  ministers  before  ordination.  These  were  not  in  the  Articles 
of  the  Synod  of  Dort,  but  came  from  some  other  source.  Article  VIII.  of 
Dort  permitted  dispensations  from  the  full  course  of  studies  by  permission 
of  the  Synod.  No  remarks  were  made  upon  this.  The  subject  of  min- 
isters emeriti  was  somewhat  enlarged  upon,  as  well  as  the  parity  of  min- 
isters, styling  them  all  bishops.  The  brief  Article  XVIII.  of  Dort,  relating 
to  professors  of  theology,  was  elaborated  into  seven  Explanatory  Articles. 
The  particular  duties  of  elders  and  deacons  were  explained  more  fully,  as 
well  as  the  desirability  of  calling  a  Great  Consistory  in  all  important  mat- 
ters.    An  article  was  added  on  Church-masters  (Ex.  Art.  XXX.).     These 


I28  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

were  a  committee  on  repairs  of  churches,  parsonages,  and  school  buildings, 
and  were  to  execute  the  orders  of  the  ■  Consistory.  The  brief  Article 
XXXVII.  of  Dort  on  Consistories  was  elaborated  into  five  Explanatory 
Articles,  referring  to  discipline  and  the  matter  of  ministerial  calls.  Our 
present  form  of  call  was  now  for  the  first  prepared  and  inserted.  It  was 
composed  by  Domine  Westerlo.  Before  this  calls  were  not  uniform.  The 
particular  powers  and  duties  of  the  Classes  were  more  fully  defined  in 
some  particulars.  The  power  of  examining  students  was  now  given  to  the 
Classes,  although  a  student  or  licentiate  could  yet  be  examined  by  the 
Particular  Synod  if  he  so  preferred.  The  deputies  of  the  Synod  were 
always  to  be  present  at  examinations  by  the  Classes,  and  to  report  to  the 
Synod. 

The  Article  XLI.  of  Dort,  directing  the  president  of  the  Classis  to  in- 
quire of  the  respective  members  "whether  church  discipline  be  exercised; 
whether  the  poor  and  the  schools  be  properly  taken  care  of;  and  whether 
they  stand  in  need  of  the  advice  and  assistance  of  the  Classis  in  anything 
respecting  the  regulation  of  their  churches;"  and  Article  XLIV..  directing 
each  Classis  to  appoint  visitors,  "whose  business  it  shall  be  to  inquire 
whether  the  ministers,  Consistories,  and  schoolmasters  do  faithfully  dis- 
charge their  offices ;  whether  they  adhere  to  sound  doctrine ;  whether  they 
observe  in  all  things  the  received  discipline,"  etc.,  were  expounded  in  Ex- 
planatory Article  XLIV. :  "Once  every  year  the  Classis  shall  direct  what 
shall  be  deemed  necessary  and  practicable  with  regard  to  the  visitation  of 
the  churches  within  their  respective  jurisdictions,  and  report  the  same  to 
the  Synod.  For  the  more  uniform  and  proper  execution  of  this  important 
duty,  such  particular  questions  and  inquiries  as  shall  be  agreed  upon  in  any 
General  Synod  for  that  purpose  shall  be  inserted  in  the  book  of  records  of 
every  Classis.  and  by  the  visitors  be  faithfully  proposed  to  the  minister, 
elders,  and  deacons  of  every  congregation  in  their  respective  visitations." 

The  particular  powers  and  duties  of  the  General  Synod  and  of  Particular 
Synods  were  more  fully  defined.  The  latter  were  to  be  representative 
bodies,  consisting  of  two  ministers  and  two  elders  from  each  Classis. 
They  might  yet  examine  and  license  students,  and  this  privilege  continued 
down  to  the  Revision  of  the  Constitution  in  1832.  They  were  "to  exchange 
every  year  a  copy  of  their  acts  with  the  Synod  of  North  Holland,  and  ex- 
press in  their  letters  the  desire  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America  to 
preserve  a  connection  and  cultivate  a  correspondence  which  they  highly 
esteem  and  have  found  to  be  beneficial."     (Ex.  Art.  L.) 

It  had  been  found  impracticable  in  Holland  to  hold  a  triennial  General 
Synod  (notwithstanding  Article  L.  of  Dort  so  directed),  owing  chiefly  to 
certain  civil  complications.  Hence  the  several  Particular  Synods  in  Hol- 
land exercised,  each,  the  powers  of  a  General  Synod  within  their  respective 
local  jurisdictions,  and  adopted  a  mutual  correspondence  with  one  another. 
The  General  Synod  in  Holland,  according  to  the  above  article,  was  to  con- 
sist of  two  ministers  and  two  elders  from  every  Particular  Synod,  both  of 
the  Dutch  and  Walloon  Churches.  But  in  America  it  was  determined  that 
the  General  Synod  should  at  first  be  conventional,  consisting  of  all  the  min- 
isters in  the  church  and  an  elder  from  each  congregation.     It  was  to  meet 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA.  129 

triennially.  The  General  Synod,  however,  was  given  the  privilege  of 
changing  its  conventional?  character  to  a  representative  character  hy  reso- 
lution. 

Explanatory  Article  LIX.  is  also  worthy  of  special  mention,  as  showing 
the  position  of  the  Church  at  that  time  on  slavery:  "In  the  Church  there 
is  no  difference  between:  bond  and  free,  but  all  are  one  in  Christ.  When- 
ever, therefore,  slaves  or  black  people  shall  be  baptized,  or  become  mem- 
bers in  full  communion  of  the  church,  they  shall  be  admitted  to  equal  priv- 
ileges with  all  other  members  of  the  same  standing.;  and  their  infant 
children  shall  be  entitled  to. baptism,  and  in  every  respect  be  treated  with 
the  same  attention  that  the  children  of  white  or  free  parents  are  in  the 
church.  Any  minister  who,  upon  any  pretense,  shall  refuse  to  admit  slaves 
or  their  children  to  the  privileges  to  which  they  are  entitled,  shall,  upon 
complaint  being  exhibited  and  proved,  be  severely  reprimanded  by  the 
Classis  to  which  he  belongs." 

The  subject  of  godparents  or  sponsors  was  declared  to  be  a  matter  of 
little  importance.  The  subject  of  catechizing  children  was  emphasized,  as 
well  as  that  of  pastoral  visitations.  The  subject  of  holy  days  was  referred 
to,  advising  ministers,  at  their  discretion,  to  preach  on  those  days,  so  as  to 
turn  people  from  idleness  unto  edifying  themes. 

The  Synod  reviewed  this  whole  work  seriatim  in  1792,  and  formally 
adopted  it.  The  General  Synod  was  organized  on  June  3,  1794,  and  the 
•old  Synod  became  a  Particular  Synod.  For  a  decade  preceding,  the  terms 
General  and  Particular  had  been  applied  indiscriminately  to  the  old  "Gen- 
eral Body."  During  this  transitional  period  no  ministers  came  from  Hol- 
land. The  General  Body  or  Synod  licensed  and  ordained  thirty-seven  men 
for  the  ministry,  and  directed  the  Classis  of  Hackensack  to  license  and 
ordain  one  in  their  name — viz.,  Isaac  Blauvelt — in  1780.  This  was  done 
because  sickness  had  twice  prevented  him  from  meeting  with  the  Synod. 
Eleven  of  these  men  had  entered  the  ministry  before  the  appointment  of 
the  professor,  and  twenty-seven  had  subsequently  produced  the  professor's 
certificate.  William  Linn  had  come  from  the  Presbyterians  in  1787,  and 
Winslow  Paige  from  the  Congregationalists  in  1792;  Peter  van  Vlierden 
had  come  from  the  West  Indies  in  the  same  year.  There  were  forty-one 
accessions  to  the  ministry,  and  thirty  churches  organised,  during  this 
period. 


'See  Chapters  VI  and  VII  of  "Manual  of  1879"  for  a  more  elaborate  account. 

-The  account  of  his  interview  with  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  was  obtained  in 
1897  and  may  soon  be  printed  in  the  "Amsterdam  Corrpspondence." 

8See  his  Life  by  Rev.  Alexander  Gunn,  1829;  second  edition,  1856. 

4It  is  printed  in  several  pamphlets  relating  to  the  college,  and  in  "Minutes 
of  General  Synod,"  vol.  viii.,  1850,  with  supplementary  acts,  1799,  1825. 

"Several  translations  of  this  have  been  made.  The  one  in  "Minutes  of  Gen- 
eral Synod,"  vol.  i.,  pp.  1-20,  was  made  by  Rev.  William  Demarest,  about  1856. 
Dr.  Sehoonmaker's  translation  is  found  as  an  Appendix  to  "Minutes  of  General 
Synod  of  1815." 

"Letter  dated  Oct.  18,  1771.     This  was  printed  in  the  "Christian  Intelligencer, 
Aug.  19,  1852,  and  will  be  found  now  in  the  general  collection  of  the  "Amster- 
dam Correspondence"  to  be  published  by  the  State  of  New  York. 


13°  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 

7This  letter  is  dated  Oct.  30,  1771. 

"This  letter,  yet  preserved,  is  in  a  regular  envelope  like  those  of  modern 
times;  and  the  envelope  is  sealed  with  wax,  showing  distinctly  the  seal  adopted 
by  the  Classis  in  1638,  referred  to  in  Chapter  I. 

"Letters  of  Dec.  30,  1772;  Oct.  6  and  8,  1773. 

l0See  Dr.  J.  A.  Todd's  "Centennial  Discourse,"  1876;  and  Dr.  A.  G.  Vermilye's 
"Address  on  the  Patriot  Clergy  of  the  Revolution,"  1895. 

"The  letter  of  Dr.  Livingston  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  telling  that  body 
in  a  delicate  yet  positive  way  of  the  absolute  independence  which  the  Church 
now  assumed  for  herself,  is  a  model  of  its  kind.  The  Classis  never  alluded  to 
its  contents  in  the  few  subsequent  letters  received. 

"These  original  Articles  of  Dort  and  the  Explanatory  Articles  need  to  be 
placed  in  parallel  columns  to  show  their  relation  to  each  other.  The  writer 
prepared  such  an  arrangement  for  his  proposed  Digest  of  Synodical  Legislation. 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  131 


FOURTH  PERIOD. 

CIVIL  AND  ECCLESIASTICAL  FREEDOM. 


CHAPTER  X. 

THE  GENERAL  PROGRESS  OF  THE  CHURCH  SINCE  1792. 

During  the  whole  preceding  period  of  one  hundred  and  sixty-four  years 
(1628-1792)  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  had  only  been  passing  through 
the  successive  stages  which  were  necessary  to  bring  her  into  her  ecclesiasti- 
cal freedom  and  fit  her  for  her  future  work. 

1.  The  migiation  of  Holland's  sons  to  America  during  a  half  century 
(1614-1664)  was  merely  the  planting  of  the  seed. 

2.  The  struggle  against  the  establishment  of  a  church  representing  a  very 
small  minority  of  the  population  (1664-1708)  proved  to  be  the  undesigned 
cause  of  charters  for  the  Dutch  churches  which  secured  to  them  perfect 
independence  in  all  ecclesiastical  matters,  as  well  as  security  from  the  acts 
of  arbitrary  governors;  and  these  charters  the  Dutch  alone  enjoyed  of  all 
non-Episcopal  bodies. 

3.  The  imperfect  piety  resulting  from  such  contests  and  from  infre- 
quent services  was  followed  by  gracious  revivals,  not  without  opposition, 
which  excited  many  holy  aspirations  after  larger  usefulness.     (1708-1747.) 

4.  In  order  to  gratify  these  desires  came  the  period  of  association  of  the 
scattered  ministers  and  churches  (1747-1754).  Views  were  compared  and 
efforts  were  made  to  meet  more  fully  the  necessities  of  the  people;  but  there 
was  a  failure  to  appreciate  the  importance  of  a  gradual  change  of  language 
from  Dutch  to  English.  And  when  the  earlier  plans  of  association  were 
found  to  be  impracticable  better  plans  were  devised  and  an  attempt  was 
made,  somewhat  irregularly  on  account  of  an  irregular  opposition,  to  carry 
them  into  execution  (1754).  But  a  peculiar  combination  of  circumstances, 
in  which  some  leaders  in  the  church  were  allured  into  a  false  position,  pro- 
duced an  unhappy  strife,  which  was  unduly  prolonged  (1755-1771)  and 
delayed  the  consummation. 

5.  But  Christian  love  finally  prevailed  and  secured  a  union  of  the  two 
parties  (1771).  Hardly,  however,  had  they  begun  their  new  work  in  peace 
when  the  American  Revolution  (1776-1783),  prevailing  especially  on  the 
territory  of  the  Dutch  Church,  scattered  the  ministers  and  destroyed  not  a 
few  of  the  churches. 


132  THE    REFORMED     CHURCH     IX     AMERICA. 

6.  But  with  the  success  of  civil  liberty  (1783)  came  to  all  denominations 
ecclesiastical  autonomy  with  all  that  is  involved  therein — independent 
organizations  (1792)  ;  a  new  sense  of  responsibility,  literary  and  theological 
institutions,  with  benevolent  boards  for  the  increase  of  Christ's  Kingdom 
at  home  and  its  dissemination  to  the  ends  of  the  earth. 

I.     HISTORY  OF  THE  CONSTITUTION. 

The  constitution  of  the  church  consists  of  its  standards  of  doctrine,  its 
liturgy  and  its  rules  of  church  order  or  government. 

1.  The  standards  of  doctrine  have  remained  unaltered  and  consist  of  the 
Belgic  Confession,  the  Heidelberg  Catechism,  with  the  Compendium  of 
the  same,  and  the  Canons  of  the  Synod  of  Dort. 

2.  The  original  liturgy  consisted  of  sacramental  forms,  forms  of  ordina- 
tion of  ministers,  of  elders  and  deacons,  with  certain  forms  of  discipline, 
marriage,  consolation  of  the  sick  and  various  forms  of  prayer.  The  Nicene 
Creed  and  the  Creed  of  Athanasius  are  appended,  not  to  the  standards  of 
doctrine,  but  to  the  liturgy.  Several  attempts  have  been  made  to  revise  the 
liturgy,  but  none  of  the  proposed  changes  have  been  successful,  although 
some  of  the  older  forms  have  fallen  into  desuetude.  A  few  new  forms  have 
been  added,  such  as  a  form  for  the  ordination  of  missionaries,  for  the  dedica- 
tion of  a  church,  for  the  reception  of  those  into  full  communion  who  have 
been  baptized  in  infancy,  etc.  But  all  forms  except  the  sacramental  are 
optional  as  to  use. 

3.  The  Articles  of  Church  Government,  as  adopted  at  Dort  in  1619,  with 
the  Explanatory  Articles  adopted  in  1792,  continued  unchanged,  except  a 
few  minor  amendments,  until  1832,  when  these  two  sets  of  articles  were 
thoroughly  fused  into  one  new  expression  of  church  government.  There 
was  no  change  in  the  general  spirit  of  the  instrument,  but  it  was  simplified 
by  its  being  unified,  and  such  modifications  were  made  as  the  experience  of 
forty  years  suggested.  The  system  of  Classical  visitors,  a  remnant  of  the 
old  superintendency,  was  abolished,  and  the  series  of  constitutional  ques- 
tions to  be  asked  of  ministers  and  elders  once  a  year  was  now  formulated 
in  its  place.  The  limit  of  time  for  explaining  the  system  of  doctrine  con- 
tained in  the  Heidelberg  Catechism  was  now  extended  from  one  year  to 
four.  The  privilege  of  granting  dispensations  from  the  usual  course  of 
studies  required  of  those  preparing  for  the  ministry  was  abolished.  The 
church  was  also  then  just  entering  on  its  more  systematized  aggressive 
work  through  more  fully  organized  boards. 

In  1872,  forty  years  having  again  elapsed,  a  third  revision  was  under- 
taken, which  was  finally  adopted  in  1874.  The  principal  changes  were  an 
elaboration  of  the  articles  relating  to  discipline;  the  right  of  a  Classis. 
by  a  two-thirds  vote,  to  dissolve  the  pastoral  relation,  one  of  the  parties 
being  unwilling;  and  the  excision  of  the  requirement  of  the  attendance 
of  Deputati  Synodi  at  examinations.  The  privilege  of  granting  dispensa- 
tions from  the  regular  course  of  study  was  restored. 

The  church  had  been  known  previously  to  1867  as  the  Reformed  Dutch 
Church  or  the  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church.  It  had  been  incor- 
porated in  1819  under  the  latter  name.     In   1867  the  name  was  changed. 


THF.    KEFORMED     CH'JRCH     IN     AMERICA. 


133 


after    a    somewhat    heated    discussion,    to    The    Reformed    Church    in 
America.1 

II.     ECCLESIASTICAL  BODIES. 

r.  Churches. — The  churches  now  existing  (1901)  number  six  hundred 
and  fifty-four.  For  details  and  bibliography,  see  a  subsequent  part  of  this 
work. 

2.  Classes. — Immediately  after  permission  was  granted  to  hold  a  Coetus 
that  body  divided  the  church  into  Circles.  These  were  three  in  number, 
viz..  New  York,  1747;  Jersey,  1747;  Albany,  1747.  The  Circle  of  Orange 
was  formed  in  1750.  In  1755  an  independent  American  Classis  was  formed, 
while  an  opposition  Conference  of  a  few  ministers,  without  elders,  was  also 
held.  In  1764  these  ministers,  with  their  elders,  organized  a  body  styled 
"An  Assembly  Subordinate  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.'-  In  1771,  by  the 
healing  of  the  division,  provisional  organizations  were  formed  by  the 
Articles  of  Union,  under  which  five  Particular  Bodies,  or  Classes,  were 
formed;  namely,  Albany,  Hackensack,  Kingston,  New  Brunswick  and  New 
York.  In  all  forty-three  Classes  have  been  organized.  These  have  been 
modified  by  consolidation  and  rearrangement,  so  that  at  present  there  are 
thirty-five,  as  may  be  seen  by  the  following  table,  the  extinct  names  being 
italicized : 


New  York   N.  Y 

Albany,  N.  Y 

New  Brunswick,  N.J 

Kingston,  N.  Y 1772- 

Hackensack,  N.  J ' 

Bergen,  N.  J 

Montgomery,  N.  Y 

Paramus    

Poughkeepsie 

Rensselaer 

Ulster 

Long  Island 1813- 

Philadelphia 

Washington   1818- 

Cayuga 1826- 

Schenectady   

Schoharie 

South  Classis  of  New  York, 

1828- 

Orange 

Greene 

Passaic 


1772 


1800 

1800 
1800 


1843 
1814 
1857 
1889 
1826 


1876 
1832 
1834 
1839 


Illinois  1841 

Michigan " 

North  Classis  of  Long  Island.  1843 
South  Classis  of  Long  Island. 

Hudson 1845 

IVatervlict 1845-1857 

Holland 1851 

Geneva 1852-1887 

Westchester 1852 

Arcot  (India) 1854 

Monmouth 

Wisconsin  1855 

Kingston 1856 

Saratoga  1857 

Raritan 1859 

Grand   River 1870 

Newark 1872 

South  Classis  of  Bergen 1873 

Iowa  1885 

Rochester  1887 

Dakota  1888 

Pleasant  Prairie 1892 


3.  Synods. —  When  the  two  parties  came  together  in  1771  they  called 
themselves  "A  Reverend  Meeting  of  Ministers  and  Elders,"  and  only  dared 
to  talk  of  a  General  and  certain  Particular  ecclesiastical  Bodies.  But  im- 
mediately  after   the   Revolution   they  gathered   boldness   and   resolved   to 


134  THK    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 

apply  the  names  of  Synod  and  Classes  to  these  respective  bodies.  This 
original  Synod  was  a  mere  transitional  body  (1771-92)  between  the  period 
of  infantile  dependence  on  a  foreign  church  and  that  of  complete  independ- 
ence. It  called  a  convention  in  1792.  and  a  General  Synod,2  conventional 
in  character  and  entirely  independent  of  the  Church  in  Holland,8  was 
organized  in  1794,  upon  an  Americanized  constitution.  The  old  provisional 
Synod,  which  had  formerly  been  conventional,  was  henceforth  to  consist 
of  two  ministers  and  two  elders  from  each  Classis,  and  this  now  took  the 
character  of  a  Particular  Synod.  It  continued  to  examine  students  equally 
with  the  Classes,  upon  whom  the  power  was  also  now  bestowed,  although 
the  Classes  could  not  do  this  without  deputies  from  the  Synod  being 
present.  In  1800  this  Particular  Synod  was  dissolved,  and  the  two  Particu- 
lar Synods  of  New  York  and  Albany  constituted.  After  1800  the  Particu- 
lar Synods  ceased  to  examine,  although  their  right  to  do  so  continued 
until  1832.  They  met  yearly,  while  the  General  Synod  met  triennially 
until  1812.  In  1800  it  was  resolved  that  a  delegation  of  eight  ministers  and 
eight  elders  from  each  Particular  Synod  shall  constitute  the  General 
Synod,  but  not  more  than  two  ministers  and  two  elders  were  to  be  taken 
from  the  same  Classis.  In  1809  a  new  organization  was  deemed  expedient. 
A  delegation  of  three  ministers  and  three  elders  from  each  Classis,  to  be 
nominated  by  the  Classis,  subject  to  the  confirmation  of  the  Particular 
Synod,  was  agreed  to.  In  1812,  also,  it  was  determined  to  hold  annua! 
sessions.  In  the  revised  constitution  of  1874  all  Classes  having  more  than 
fifteen  churches  are  allowed  one  additional  minister  and  elder  for  each 
additional  five  churches.  In  1856  the  Particular  Synod  of  Chicago  was 
constituted,  and  in  1869  the  Particular  Synod  of  New  Brunswick. 
The  following  is  a  list  of  these  more  general  bodies: 

1.  The  Ccetus  (1747-54).  In  1754  the  Ccetus  became  a  Classis  for  the 
whole  church  (1754-71). 

2.  The  Reverend  Meeting  of  Ministers  and  Elders,  or  the  provisional 
Synod  (1771-92).  In  1793  this  body  became  a  Particular  Synod  for  the 
whole  church  (1793-1800). 

3.  The  General  Synod  (1794). 

4.  The  Particular  Synod  of  New  York  (i8co). 

5.  "  "  "      Albany  (1800). 

6.  "  "  "       Chicago  (1856). 

7.  "  "       New  Brunswick  (1869). 

[The  first  volume  of  the  Minutes  of  the  General  Synod  was  edited  and 
published  in  1859,  without  a  very  accurate  understanding  of  the  relation 
of  the  early  ecclesiastical  bodies  to  one  another.  The  arrangement  in  the 
volume  should  have  been  as  follows : 

1.  The  Minutes  of  the  Ccetus,  1737.  1747-1754.  (The  Minute  Book  of 
this  body  was  carried  off  in  1754  by  the  opposite  party.  The  remaining 
Minutes  of  the  Ccetus,  1755-1771.  were  probably  kept  in  another  book,  but 
this  has  not  been  found.  They  sent  copies  of  these  Minutes  to  Holland 
and  most  of  these  were  recovered  by  me  in  1897-8.) 

2.  The  letters  of  a  few  ministers,  without  elders.     (These  styled  them- 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  x35 

selves  a  Conference — Conference — 1755-1764-  They  attempted  to  organ- 
ize, with  elders,  and  held  a  few  meetings,  1764-1767.  Some  of  the  letters 
and  the  Minutes  of  this  Conference  (1755-1767)  were  recorded  in  the 
Minute  Book  of  the  Coetus.  Many  additional  letters  of  this  body  were 
recovered  by  me  in  Amsterdam  in  1897-8.) 

3.  The  Minutes  of  the  General  Body,  1771-1793.  (After  1784  this  body 
was  styled  a  Synod,  a  Particular  Synod,  and  sometimes  even  a  General 
Synod,  the  proper  name  not  being  yet  definitized.  After  1893  this  body 
became  definitely  the  one,  so-called,  Particular  Synod  of  the  whole  Church 
during  a  transitional  period,  1794- 1799.  In  1800  it  was  divided  into  the 
Particular  Synods  of  New  York  and  Albany.  The  Minutes  of  the  last 
session  of  this  old  Particular  Synod,  October,  1799.  were  not  recorded  in 
the  Minute  Book,  and  hence  the  editor  in  1859  failed  to  print  them.  They 
have  since  that  time  been  found.  They  are  in  journalistic  form  and  not 
classified  in  lemmata.) 

4.  The  Minutes  of  the  General  Synod,  proper,  1794-1812.  (These  should 
have  been  extended  to  1816,  as  volume  ii  begins  with  1817.)  The  Min- 
utes of  1797  were  for  a  long  time  lost,  but  Extracts  had  been  published  in 
1797.  Only  these  Extracts  are  printed  in  this  volume  i.  But  the  orig- 
inal Minutes  of  1797  have  since  been  found  and  are  now  in  the  Archives, 
but  only  in  journalistic  form.] 

III.    EDUCATIONAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

.  Queens  College,  at  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  whose  first  charter  had  been 
obtained  in  1766  and  a  second  charter  in  1770,  passed  through  many  vicissi- 
tudes in  its  earlier  years  before  it  reached  its  present  strength  and  inde- 
pendence. Its  name  was. changed  to  Rutgers  in  1825.  Among  its  gradu- 
ates about  six  hundred  have  entered  the  ministry  of  the  Reformed  Church 
and  not  a  few  the  ministry  of  other  bodies.     (Rutgers  College.) 

Union  College  was  also  founded  chiefly  by  the  efforts  of  the  Dutch 
Church  in  the  North  in  1795.  It  is  located  at  Schenectady,  N.  Y.  Many 
of  its  graduates  have  entered  the  ministry  of  the  Reformed  Church. 
(Union  College.) 

Hope  College,  at  Holland,  Mich.,  was  organized  in  1863,  and  incorporated 
in  1866.  The  recent  large  immigration  of  Hollanders  seemed  to  demand 
an  institution  especially  for  them.  About  one  hundred  have  already 
entered  the  ministry  from  this  institution.     (Hope  College.) 

The  Theological  Seminary  is  perhaps  the  oldest  in  the  country.  Dr. 
Livingston  was  appointed  Professor  in  1784.  Ninety-one  students  entered 
the  ministry  from  under  his  tuition  before  the  seminary  became  perma- 
nently located  at  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.  In  all  nearly  eleven  hundred  have 
been  graduated  from  this  institution.  (Theological  Seminary  at  New 
Brunswick.) 

There  is  also  a  Western  Theological  Seminary  at  Holland,  Mich.  Ele- 
mentary theological  instruction  was  given  in  Hope  College  from  its  founda- 
tion and  was  provisionally  continued  until  1879,  when  it  was  temporarily 
suspended.     In   1884  the  Western  Seminary  was  revived  and  has  now  a 


136  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN      \MlkKA. 

Faculty  of  three  professors    ind  has  sent  more  than  a   hundred   men  into 
the  ministry.      (Western  THEOLOGICAL  Seminary!) 

IV.     THE  .MISSIONARY  BOARDS. 

(1.)   Tut:  Work  at  Home. 

One  of  the  first  acts  of  the  newly  organized  and  completely  independent 
General  Synod  (1794)  was  to  appoint  a  committee  to  seek  a  union  with 
the  other  branch  of  the  Reformed  Church,  the  German.  But  no  report 
from  this  committee  appears.  The  work  of  church  extension  had  already 
been  inaugurated,  but  the  impoverished  condition  of  the  country  greatly 
embarrassed  operations.  The  first  voluntary  collections  now  began  to  be 
taken.  Applications  for  preachers  came  from  Central  New  York,  Canada, 
the  Delaware  and  Susquehanna  regions,  Virginia  and  even  Kentucky.  The 
first  church  organized  through  these  efforts  was  at  Chenango  (near  Bing- 
hamton),  N.  Y.,  in  1794. 

I  hese  operations  of  the  church  passed  through  several  systems  of  experi- 
ment until  our  present  Board  of  Domestic  Missions  was  organized,  in 
1832.  In  the  rreantime,  however,  by  the  preceding  efforts  chiefly,  about 
one  hundred  and  seventy-five  churches  had  been  organized,  mostly  in  the 
outskirts  of  the  old  settlements  and  in  Central  New  York.  A  number  of 
these,  however,  did  not  long  survive,  from  lack  of  ministers  to  supply 
them  and  members  to  sustain  them.  Yet  in  this  same  period  (1786-1832) 
no  less  than  two  hundred  and  fifty  ministers  had  begun  to  labor  in  the  de- 
nomination. Since  then  nearly  five  hundred  churches  have  been  organized, 
an  especially  large  number  in  the  single  decade,  1850-60.  This  was  owing 
to  the  settlement  of  a  large  body  of  Hollanders  in  the  West  about  1846-50. 
Since  1832  about  fourteen  hundred  ministers  have  labored  in  the  Reformed 
Church  in  America.     (Domestic  .Missions.) 

In  1822,  five  ministers  and  seven  churches  seceded  on  account  of  alleged 
"Hopkinsian  errors  of  doctrine  and  looseness  of  discipline."  Four  of  these 
ministers,  however,  were  under  suspension  at  this  time.  They  styled  them- 
selves "The  True  Reformed  Dutch  Church.''  A  number  of  the  recent  immi- 
grant churches  from  Holland  and  the  remnant  of  this  Seceder  Body  have 
united  and  style  themselves  The  Christian  Reformed  Church.  The  original 
seceders  were  Froeligh,  S.,  Brokaw,  A.,  Wyckoff,  H.  V.,  Palmer  and  Toll. 
There  were  perhaps  in  all  about  forty  ministers  and  forty  churches  in  con- 
nection with  the  old  secession. 

On  account  of  the  large  accessions  to  the  church  by  the  emigration  of 
many  Hollanders,  as  above  said,  a  special  paper  has  been  prepared  on  this 
subject. 

THE  RECENT    IMMIGRANT  CHURCHES.4 

Since  [846  there  has  been  a  constant  stream  of  new  emigrants  from 
Holland.  Their  principal  point  of  destination  was  Michigan,  whence  they 
have  scattered  to  many  new  localities.  They  were  colonists  rather  than 
emigrants;  for  organized  congregations  with  their  pastors  often  came  in  a 
body.     Hence  the  Dutch  names  of  so  many  localities  in  our  Western  States. 


THF.     REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA.  I37 

These  Hollanders  were  generally  members  of  the  "Free  Church"  of  the 
Netherlands,  which  was  a  secession  from  the  old  State  Church. 

In  the  eighteenth  century  there  was  a  marked  decay  of  evangelical  faith 
in  Europe;  yet  there  was  a  remnant  of  true  believers;  but  even  these  were 
in  danger  of  sinking  into  formalism.  The  church  greatly  suffered  during 
the  Napoleonic  wars.  William  I  signalized  his  return  to  power  (1816)  by 
largely  destroying  the  old  Presbyterian  polity  of  the  church.  The  church 
government  became  bureaucratic  rather  than  Presbyterian.  A  General 
Synod  was  convened  in  1816  (the  first  since  the  great  Synod  of  Dort  in 
1618-19)  and  a  slight,  yet  important,  change  of  expression  in  the  Subscrip- 
tion Form  for  candidates  gave  occasion  for  a  great  controversy.  The 
question  arose  whether  the  standards  of  doctrine  were  authoritative  because 
they  agreed  with  the  Word  of  God,  or  so  far  as  they  agreed  therewith. 
The  Synod  of  1835  gave  the  right  to  every  candidate  to  decide  this  ques- 
tion for  himself.  This  gave  liberty  for  all  manner  of  error  as  well  as  for 
its  propagation.  Royal  mandates  also  interfered  with  the  internal  affairs 
of  the  church.  The  new  Regulations  of  1816  and  the  Kerk  Bestureu,  or 
Executive  Committee,  controlled  everything.  The  Seceders  subsequently 
declared  that  they  separated  not  from  the  church,  but  from  this  Committee. 

Many  true  friends  of  evangelical  truth  at  first  quietly  submitted  and 
subsequently  gradually  withdrew  from  the  public  ministrations,  hoping  and 
praying  for  the  restoration  of  purer  doctrines.  Many  of  these  desired  to 
maintain  the  existence  of  the  old  historic  church  and  advocated  the  cause 
of  truth  by  the  press.  But  a  crisis  was  reached  in  1834  with  the  deposi- 
tion of  Rev.  Henry  de  Cock,  because  he  would  not  conform  in  certain 
matters  which  were  contrary  to  his  conscience.  This  brought  him  into 
conflict  with  the  authorities.  But  De  Cock's  church  stood  by  him.  and 
this  was  the  beginning  of  the  Secession.  They  stood  by  the  old  Reformed 
Confessions  and  cheerfully  accepted  of  the  act  of  deposition  with  all  its 
practical  results.  About  the  same  time  there  were  several  young  men  pre- 
paring for  the  ministry  who  entered  the  State  Church  and  who  were 
thoroughly  evangelical  themselves.  These  were  Scholte,  Brummelkamp 
and  Van  Velson ;  but  Van  Raalte  was  refused  admission.  Sympathy  began 
to  be  expressed  for  De  Cock,  so  that  trials  and  suspensions,  even  among 
laymen,  became  the  order  of  the  day.  Large  numbers  now  throughout  the 
whole  country  voluntarily  forsook  the  State  Church. 

In  1836  they  held  their  first  Synodical  meeting.  Van  Raalte,  who  had 
tried  various  ways  to  enter  the  ministry,  but  without  success,  was  now  or- 
dained by  this  body.  Revivals  followed  the  preaching  of  these  Seceders 
and  new  churches  were  established.  But  they  suffered  severe  opposition 
and  persecution.  Fines  and  imprisonments  were  imposed  upon  them. 
Soldiers  were  quartered  in  their  houses  and  their  meetings  were  disturbed. 
But  all  efforts  to  crush  the  movement  onlymade  it  thrive  the  more.  There 
was  a  lack  of  ministers  and  these  people  were  generally  poor  and  could  not 
build  churches.  Laymen  were,  therefore,  trained  to  do  ministerial  service. 
There  were  also  some  differences  of  opinion  on  doctrine  and  polity  already 
among  these  Seceders  and  these  differences  were  subsequently  emphasized 
in  America,  especially  after  1857. 


138  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN     AMERICA. 

At  length  emigration  was  determined  on,  partly  on  account  of  their 
persecutions,  although  these  publicly  ceased  after  the  abdication  of  William 
I ;  partly  in  order  to  enjoy  perfect  liberty  of  conscience  and  partly  to  relieve 
their  excessive  poverty.  Rev.  A.  C.  van  Raalte  and  Rev.  H.  O.  Scholte 
were  the  first  to  lead  colonies  to  America;  the  first  to  Michigan  and  the 
second  to  Iowa.  Van  Raalte's  colony  soon  joined  the  old  Dutch  Church 
Scholte's  colony  at  first  maintained  an  independent  position. 

Van  Raalte  arrived  at  New  York  in  November,  1846,  and  soon  became 
acquainted  with  Rev.  Dr.  Thos.  de  Witt,  of  New  York,  and  Rev.  Dr.  Isaac 
N.  Wyckoff,  of  Albany.  A  series  of  articles  in  the  Christian  Intelligencer 
soon  excited  sympathy  and  aid  in  their  behalf. 

The  emigration  from  Zeeland,  Friesland  and  Overyssel  was  largely  by 
churches  with  their  pastors.  Thus  Zeeland,  Mich.,  was  founded  by  a  col- 
ony of  about  four  hundred  with  their  pastor,  Rev.  Cornelius  Vandermeulen. 
The  town  and  church  of  Vriesland,  Mich.,  was  also  thus  founded  by  a 
company  from  Friesland  led  by  their  pastor,  Rev.  M.  A.  Ypma.  Graaf- 
schap  and  Drenthe  were  similarly  colonized,  but  without  pastors.  In  1848 
Rev.  S.  Bolks  and  congregation  founded  Overyssel,  Mich. 

The  colony  at  Pella,  Iowa,  came  by  the  way  of  New  Orleans,  under  the 
leadership  of  Scholte  and  did  not  at  once  come  in  contact  with  the  old 
Dutch  Church;  but  ultimately,  through  the  influence  of  the  Classes  of 
Illinois  and  Holland,  the  Iowa  churches  united  with  the  Reformed  Church. 
Some  Hollanders,  as  Rev.  P.  Zonne  and  company,  located  at  Milwaukee 
and  later  at  Cedar  Grove  (or  Holland)  and  connected  themselves  with  the 
Presbyterian  Church;  Rev.  Baai  came  to  Alto  and  settled  as  a  Presby- 
terian Church;  but  most  of  the  emigrants  sooner  or  later  joined  the  Re- 
formed Church  in  America. 

In  April,  1848.  all  the  pastors  and  Consistories  of  these  new  Dutch 
churches  in  Michigan,  except  Drenthe  and  Vriesland,  met  in  convention 
in  Zeeland  for  consultation.  The  churches  represented  were  Zeeland. 
Holland.  Vriesland  and  Graafschap,  then  known  as  Allegan.  They  organ- 
ized themselves  into  a  "Reformed  Dutch  Church,"  with  the  usual  stand- 
ards of  Doctrine  and  Polity. 

At  the  fall  session  of  this  body  (1848)  Rev.  Cornelius  Vandermeulen 
read  an  invitation  extended  to  them  to  attend  the  Synodical  meetings  of 
the  old  American  Reformed  Dutch  Church.  This  was  gratifying,  but  the 
colonies  were  new  and  poor  and  the  distance  great.  In  July,  1849,  Rev. 
Dr.  Isaac  N.  Wyckoff.  who  could  speak  Dutch  fluently  and  who  was  in 
hearty  sympathy  with  them,  visited  them  as  the  representative  of  the  Board 
of  Domestic  Missions,  as  well  as  at  the  suggestion  of  the  General  Synod. 
to  inquire  into  their  views,  their  condition  and  their  necessities;  also 
whether  they  would  like  to  unite  with  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church.  On 
this  interview  was  based  his  report  in  1850  to  the  Particular  Synod,  of  Al- 
bany. Their  formal  reply,  now  styling  themselves  "The  Classis  of  Hoi 
land,"  was  also  presented  to  the  same  Synod  at  the  same  time.  These 
papers  prepared  the  way  for  the  union. 

The  Classis  of  Holland  appointed  Rev.  A.  C.  van  Raalte  their  commis- 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA.  I3Q 

sioner   to   the   Particular   Synod  of  Albany  and  he   carried  the   following 
letter : 

"The  elders  of  the  Church  of  Jesus  Christ  of  the  Classis  of  Holland  in 
Ottawa  County,  Mich.,  desire  the  brethren  who  are  elders  of  the  Church  of 
our  Lord  under  the  name  of  the  "Dutch  Reformed  Church,"  gathered  in  the 
State  of  New  York,  to  consider  the  welfare  of  this  part  of  Christ's  flock. 

"Grace  and  peace  from  God  the  Father  in  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  through 
the  Holy  Ghost : 

"Considering  the  precious  and  blessed  unity  of  the  Church  of  God  and 
the  plainly  expressed  will  of  our  Saviour  that  all  should  be  one,  and  also  the 
need  which  the  separate  parts  have  of  one  another,  and  especially  remem- 
bering how  small  and  weak  we  ourselves  are,  therefore,  our  hearts  have 
longed  for  intercourse  with  the  precious  Zion  of  God  ever  since  our  feet 
first  pressed  the  shores  of  this  New  World.  Our  hearts  were  also  strength- 
ened and  we  were  encouraged  in  meeting  with  some  of  God's  people. 
Indeed,  all  God's  children,  of  whatever  denomination,  are  dear  to  us ;  but 
in  the  management  and  care  of  our  own  religious  affairs  we  feel  more  at 
home  where  we  find  our  own  standards  of  faith  and  principles  of  church 
government.  It  was,  therefore,  very  gratifying  to  us  to  find,  on  your  side, 
no  narrow  exclusiveness,  but  open,  hearty,  brotherly  love.  This  has 
awakened  in  us  a  very  positive  desire  to  exhibit  our  own  feeling  of  fellow- 
ship and  to  ask  the  hand  of  fellowship  from  you. 

"We  have,  therefore,  resolved  to  send  one  of  our  brethren.  Rev.  A.  C. 
van  Raalte,  a  minister  of  the  Church  of  God,  as  a  delegate  to  your  Church 
Judicatory,  which  is  soon  about  to  meet  in  Albany  or  vicinity.  We  au- 
thorize him  in  our  name  to  give  and  to  ask  all  necessary  information  which 
can  facilitate  the  desired  union. 

"For  him  and  for  you  we  pray  for  the  Spirit  in  rich  abundance  from 
Christ,  our  glorified  Head.  He  sitteth  on  the  throne  of  God  and  is 
possessed  of  rich,  blood-bought  gifts.  He  sends  the  Comforter  to  com- 
municate these  gifts  to  His  flock.  They  come  from  the  fulness  of  the 
Ever-Living  One  to  enable  us  to  glorify  the  Triune  God. 

"In  the  name  of  the  Classis  of  Holland,  convened  in  the  year  of  our 
Lord,  1850,  in  April.  S.  Bolks,  President." 

Such  was  the  official  request  of  the  Classis  of  Holland  to  the  Particular 
Synod  of  Albany  to  be  received  into  the  communion  of  the  Reformed  Dutch 
Church  in  America. 

There  was  some  discussion  as  to  the  proper  mode  of  procedure,  whether 
they  should  be  received  as  a  Classis  or  as  individual  churches.  The  mat- 
ter was  referred  to  General  Synod.  That  body  appointed  a  special  Com- 
mittee to  report  on  this  subject.  They  reported  that  the  Classis  of  Hol- 
land comprised  nine  organized  churches  averaging  one  hundred  members 
each  and  enjoyed  the  services  of  six  ministers.  Reference  was  then  made 
to  the  circumstances  in  the  Netherlands  which  led  to  their  emigration ;  to 
their  industrious  habits  and  Christian  character ;  to  their  descent  from  the 
same  church  as  ourselves;  to  the  cordial  reception  everywhere  accorded 


140  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 

them;  and  to  the  duty  of  welcoming  them  as  strangers  to  ecclesiastical 
fellowship  and  assistance.     The  following  resolutions  were  then  adopted: 

"Resolved,  That  the  Classis  of  Holland  be  received  under  the  care  of 
the  General  Synod  and  be  joined  to  the  Particular  Synod  of  Albany.' 

"Resolved,  That  the  religious  condition  and  necessities  of  the  Holland 
Emigrants,  wherever  they  are  dispersed  throughout  our  country,  be  com- 
mended to  the  particular  attention  of  the  Board  of  Domestic  Missions." 
Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,  1850,  p.  69. 

Other  Holland  churches  from  time  to  time  came  as  organized  bodies 
from  Holland  or  were  organized  here  and  most  of  them  naturally  fell  into 
the  fold  of  the  old  Dutch  Church. 

The  Classis  of  Holland  was  the  hrst  central  rallying  point  of  all  these 
new  Dutch  colonics.  It  took  charge  of  the  new  settlements  at  Kalamazoo, 
Grand  Haven,  Grand  Rapids,  and  at  several  places  in  Wisconsin  and 
Illinois,  and,  indeed,  watched  over  all  the  religious  interests  of  the  incom- 
ing Hollanders  from  Pella  to  Buffalo,  as  the  minutes  of  that  Classis  show. 
Plans  for  educational  development  were  also  at  once  proposed. 

Nevertheless,  as  these  emigrants  came  from  different  provinces  in  the 
Netherlands,  different  views  on  minor  points  and  different  tendencies  soon 
began  to  show  themselves.  Also,  from  their  very  circumstances,  a  spirit 
of  independence  existed  in  many  of  these  new  communities.  We  merely 
refer  to  the  case,  of  Rev.  K.  S.  van  der  Schuur  and  the  church  of  Graaf- 
schap ;  to  the  case  of  Rev.  R.  Smit  and  the  church  of  Drenthe.  Mr.  G. 
Haan  also  became  very  active  in  opposition  to  the  Reformed  Church  in 
America.  There  was  a  pamphlet  issued  about  this  time  in  defence  of  the 
secession  by  Froeligh  in  1822  in  New  Jersey.  Fault  was  found  with  the 
use  of  hymns,  in  addition  to  the  Psalms,  by  the  old  Dutch  Church;  with 
the  publication  of  Sunday  school  literature  jointly  with  other  denomina- 
tions; with  the  admission  of  members  of  other  denominations  to  the  Lord's 
Supper.  In  the  fall  of  1856,  therefore,  a  secession  movement  was  begun 
by  Mr.  Haan.  In  the  spring  of  1857  the  churches  of  Graafschap,  Noor- 
deloos,  and  Polkton  seceded,  together  with  Revs.  K.  van  der  Bosch  and 
H.  G.  Klein.  The  latter,  however,  soon  returned.  They  called  themselves 
The  Christian  Reformed  Church,  which  was  the  name  of  the  secesion 
church  in  Holland.  The  small  remnant  of  Froeligh's  secession  in  New 
Jersey  in   1822  subsequently  joined  this  body. 

Until  1870  the  growth  of  this  secession  movement  was  slow.  Their 
more  rapid  growth  in  later  years  has  been  due  partly  to  the  rapid  Ameri- 
canization of  the  older  Holland  churches  in  the  West,  which  naturally 
diverted  many  of  the  later  Holland  emigrants  to  the  Christian  Reformed 
Church,  and  partly  to  the  Masonic  agitation  in  1880-2.  which  led  to  some 
defections  from  the  Reformed  Church  in  America.  Masonry  was  not  men- 
tioned in  the  secession  of  1857,  yet  it  became  the  chief  cause  of  the  seces- 
sion of  a  large  part  of  the  first  church  of  Grand  Rapids;  of  the  churches  of 
Drenthe.  Fynaart,  and  Graafschap.  The  churches  of  Zeeland,  Vriesland, 
and  Beaver  Dam  also  suffered  considerably. 

Secret  oath-bound  societies  were  never  in  favor  with  the  Dutch.  An 
■  x   Mason  had  held  a  series  of  meetings  in  Holland.  Mich.     This  stirred  up 


TH1"     REFORMED     CHURCH     IN     AMERICA.  I.4.1 

the  people,  and  led  to  memorials  to  General  Synod  against  Masonry  as  early 
as  1868  and  1869.  The  action  of  the  Synod  in  1870  temporarily  quieted 
matters.  But  from  1880-83  memorials  were  again  sent  to  the  General 
Synod  by  several  Classes.  But,  notwithstanding  these  memorials,  the  vast 
majority  of  the  people  were  loyal  to  the  Reformed  Church.  The  Synod 
adhered  to  its  custom  never  to  legislate  on  abstract  questions,  but  referred 
the  matter  to  the  decision  of  the  particular  Consistory  in  each  case.  Per- 
haps about  three  hundred  families  and  a  thousand  members  in  all  were 
lost  to  the  Reformed  Church  in  America  by  this  agitation. 

In  1852,  when  the  first  Classical  report  was  received  by  General  Synod 
from  this  Classis  of  Holland,  the  number  of  organized  churches  was  only 
thirteen.  In  the  last  fifty  years  their  progress  has  been  very  great.  The 
change  of  language  has  been  made  as  rapidly  as  circumstances  permitted. 
Besides  the  Classes  of  Illinois  and  Michigan,  which  date  back  to  1841,  there 
have  been  organized,  for  these  Hollanders,  the  Classis  of  Holland  (1848) 
(in  Reformed  Church.  1851),  Wisconsin  (1855),  Grand  River  (1870), 
Iowa  (1885),  Dakota  (1888),  and  Pleasant  Prairie  (German,  1892).  They 
constitute  now  nearly  one-third  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America.  For 
the  sake  of  Christian  unity  and  greater  influence  the  Christian  Reformed 
Church,  identical  in  doctrine  and  polity,  ought  to  unite  with  the  Reformed 
Church  in  America,  for  the  best  interests  of  the  Kingdom  of  Christ  in  our 
land  and  the  world. 

(2.)  The  Work  Abroad. 

In  the  work  of  Foreign  Misions  also  there  has  been  constant  progress. 
In  1816  the  General  Synod  united  with  the  Associate  Reformed  and  Pres- 
byterian Churches  in  organizing  "The  United  Foreign  Missionary  Society," 
which,  in  1826,  merged  in  the  American  Board.  Dr.  John  Scudder  was  the 
pioneer  missionary  of  the  denomination  (1819),  going  to  Ceylon.  Rev. 
David  Abeel  was  our  pioneer  missionary  to  Farther  India  and  China  (1829). 
In  1832  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  was  established,  in  union  with  the 
American  Board.  Borneo,  India,  China,  Japan,  and  Arabia  have  been  the 
fields  of  missionary  operations.  In  1857  an  amicable  separation  was  effected 
from  the  American  Board.  The  receipts  in  1850  were  only  about  $12,000. 
The  receipts  at  the  present  time  are  about  $170,000.  More  than  two  hun- 
dred missionaries,  including  men  and  women,  have  been  sent  to  these  mis- 
sion fields.  The  Arcot  Theological  Seminary,  India,  has  sent  out  between 
thirty  and  forty  men  into  the  ministry.  On  that  field  they  have  twenty-four 
churches  and  stations,  a  number  of  them  served  by  native  pastors.  On 
account  of  union  work  on  the  other  fields  it  is  difficult  to  state  just  how 
many  churches  and  communicants  are  the  result  of  the  labors  of  our  own 
missionaries  ;  but  probably  it  would  not  be  far  out  of  the  way  to  say  that 
in  all  from  forty  to  fifty  organized  churches  and  five  thousand  communi- 
cants, now  living,  represent  the  work  of  our  own  missionaries ;  not  to  speak 
of  the  work  at  out-stations,  in  hospitals,  schools,  and  in  higher  education. 
United  Seminaries  of  the  Reformed  and  Presbyterian  Churches  also  exist 
in  China  and  Japan.  Probably  from  fifty  to  sixty  native  pastors  in  all  have 
been  ordained  to  the  ministry  as  the  result  of  the  labors  of  our  own  mis- 


142  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

sionaries.     In  1875  a  Woman's  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  was  organized. 
(Foreign  Missions.) 


'See  the  able  article  on  the  history  of  the  name  in  the  Appendix  to  "Minutes 
of  General  Synod,"  1867. 

*The  General  Synod  was  incorporated  in  1819,  and  administers  much  of  the 
business  of  the  church  through  a  Board  of  Corporation.  More  recently  the 
several  benevolent  boards  have  also  been  incorporated. 

3The  church  in  Holland,  according  to  the  Minutes  of  the  Classis  of  Amster- 
dam, never  seemed  to  fully  realize  the  absolute  independence  of  the  American 
church.  The  lemma,  or  article  of  business,  "New  York  and  New  Jersey,"  was 
kept  on  its  minutes  down  to  1810.  For  several  years  there  was  entered  in  a 
sort  of  lamenting  tone,  "Geen  Bericht  van  Nieuw  York  en  Jersey" — "no  news 
from  New  York  and  New  Jersey."  After  1810,  on  account  of  the  revolution  in 
state  and  church  by  the  Napoleonic  wars,   this  lemma  was  dropped. 

^The  writer  is  indebted  to  ltev.  Gerhard  De  Jonge  for  the  facts  in  this  paper. 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  143 


CHAPTEE  XI. 

RUTGERS  COLLEGE.1 

The  Hollanders  who  settled  in  the  province  of  New  Netherland,  com- 
prising the  territory  between  the  Connecticut  and  Delaware  rivers,  brought 
with  them  the  love  of  religion  and  learning  that  characterized  their  mother 
country.  The  memory  of  the  great  universities  of  Leyden  and  Utrecht, 
then  the  most  renowned  institutions  in  the  world,  was  a  part  of  their  pe- 
culiar treasure  and  glory.  It  never  occurred  to  them  that  the  care  of  their 
churches  could  be  committed  to  any  but  men  thoroughly  educated,  not  only 
in  general  knowledge,  but  also  and  especially  in  the  Constitution  and 
Doctrines  adopted  for  the  Reformed  Faith  by  the  National  Synod  of  Dort 
(1618-19). 

During  the  entire  period  of  the  Dutch  supremacy,  and  for  more  than  a 
century  after  the  surrender  of  New  Netherland  to  the  English  in  1664,  it 
was  their  custom  to  call  clergymen  from  Holland,  or  to  send  candidates 
thither  for  education  and  ordination.  This  arrangement  did  not,  however, 
supply  more  than  one-third  the  number  of  ministers  for  sixty  churches. 
And,  moreover,  while  it  sometimes  failed  to  secure  good  men,  it  was  al- 
ways attended  with  delay  and  expense.  Several  prominent  ministers,  there- 
fore, hoping  to  effect  a  gradual  change  for  the  better,  met  in  the  city  of 
New  York  (1737)  and  drew  up  a  plan  for  a  yearly  assembly  or  "Ccetus," 
which  should  be  composed  of  delegates,  lay  and  clerical,  from  every  church, 
and  which,  under  the  permission  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  should  have 
power  in  special  cases  to  ordain  ministers  as  well  as  to  exercise  limited 
jurisdiction  over  the  churches  represented.  After  a  delay  of  nine  years  the 
Classis  of  Amsterdam  finally  gave  its  consent  to  the  official  organization  of 
the  Coetus ;  but  the  majority  of  its  members,  growing  restive  under  their 
restricted  privileges,  and  feeling  sorely  the  need  of  a  more  efficient  system 
of  providing  the  Gospel  for  their  brethren  in  this  New  World,  began  to  aim 
at  the  formation  of  an  independent  Classis,  and  at  founding  a  college  or 
seminary  for  the  education  of  candidates  for  the  pulpit.  In  1755  they 
boldly  proceeded  to  cut  loose  from  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  by  organizing 
an  American  Classis,  and  by  commissioning  Rev.  Theodorus  Frelinghuysen, 
of  Albany,  to  visit  Holland  to  solicit  funds  from  those  in  sympathy  with  the 
American  movement  for  the  establishment  of  an  academy.  The  conserva- 
tive wing  of  the  Ccetus,  believing  it  would  be  impossible  for  the  Dutch  peo- 
ple alone  to  provide  means  for  training  up  a  learned  ministry  in  this  coun- 
try, and  regarding  the  above  proceedings  as  radical  and  destructive,  with- 
drew, and  formed  an  opposition  party  under  the  name  of  "Conference," — 
the  Dutch  equivalent  for  Coetus,  and  meaning  an  assembly.  The  warfare 
between  these  two  parties   (both  of  which,  while  differing  as  to  methods, 


1  !-l  TIIK    KliKokMKD    CHURCH     IN     AMKKli  A. 

were  yet  animated  by  the  same  motive,  namely,  the  desire  to  secure  a 
learned  ministry)  was  bitter  and  violent  in  the  extreme,  dividing  congrega- 
tions and  often  families  into  hostile  and  abusive  factions. 

Mr.  Frelinghuysen  did  not.  however,  sail  for  Holland  until  1759.  He 
was  not  cordially  received  in  Holland  on  this  particular  business.  He 
finally  returned  to  this  country  as  far  as  Sandy  Hook  and  was  there  acci- 
dentally drowned.  The  Conferentie  party  had  made  efforts  to  establish 
a  Divinity  Professorship  in  Kings  College  (1754-55),  but  without  success. 
A  charter  for  Queens  College  in  New  Jersey  was,  however,  granted  by 
Governor  William  Franklin  on  Nov.  10,  1766.  This  charter  was  not 
placed  on  public  record  nor  did  the  college  go  into  active  operation  under 
it.  There  are  several  allusions  to  this  charter  in  the  Amsterdam  Corre- 
spondence; and  the  New  York  Mercury  in  three  successive  issues  (April 
20,  27,  and  May  4,  1767)2  published  a  call  for  a  meeting  of  the  trustees  to 
be  held  on  the  second  Tuesday  of  May  "at  or  near  the  county  house  of 
New  Barbadoes  or  Hackensack  Town,  in  Bergen  County."  At  this  meet- 
ing the  trustees  were  "to  be  properly  and  duly  qualified  by  any  one  of  the 
justices  of  the  Supreme  Court,  or  judges  of  the  Inferior  Court  of  Common 
Pleas,  of  the  colony  of  New  Jersey,  before  they  proceed  to  any  business." 

The  names  of  the  trustees  are  contained  in  this  call,  thirty-seven  in 
number,  with  four  trustees  ex  officio.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  neither 
the  minutes  of  this  meeting  nor  of  any  meeting  of  the  trustees  held  under 
this  first  charter  have  come  down  to  us. 

We  know  that  one  meeting  was  held,  and  that  its  chief  act  was  the 
adoption  of  a  petition  for  an  amended  charter. 

At  a  state  council,  held  at  Burlington,  Nov.  24,  1769,  over  which  Gov- 
ernor Franklin  presided — 

"A  petition  was  received  from  Hendrick  Fisher,  esq.,  president  of  the 
trustees  of  Queen's  College,  in  this  province,  praying  that  an  alteration  may 
be  made  in  the  charter  granted  to  the  said  trustees.  The  Council  advised 
his  excellency  to  grant  the  prayer  of  the  said  petition,  so  far  as  relates  to  the 
distinction  of  residents  and  non-residents  in  the  said  charter  mentioned." 

In  accordance  with  this  the  second  and  amended  charter  was  granted  by 
Governor  Franklin  March  20,  1770.  Under  this  charter  the  college  has 
performed  its  work  until  the  present  time. 

Fortunately,  a  copy  of  the  draft  of  the  petition  of  the  trustees  alluded 
to  has  been  found.  In  it  they  earnestly  plead  for  an  amendment  of  the 
charter  because  of  serious  defects.  They  strongly  emphasize  the  distinc- 
tion made  in  it  between  residents  and  non-residents  of  New  Jersey,  to  the 
advantage  of  the  Eormer.  What  was  the  nature  of  this  obnoxious  dis- 
tinction we  are  not  informed,  but  the  petitioners  declare  that  it  prevented 
many  of  the  trustees  from  qualifying  for  their  office,  that  it  prevented  others 
from  attending  the  meetings,  and  that  it  was  certain  to  prevent  the  college 
obtaining  friends  or  moneys  outside  of  New  Jersey.  The  council 
advised  the  removal  of  tint  provision  and  said  nothing  about  other  changes. 
It  is  fair  to  presume  that   the  new  charter  agreed  with  the  old  in  all   re- 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  I45 

spects  except  in  this  one  particular.  The  same  persons  were  named  as 
trustees,  with  two  or  three  exceptions,  owing  doubtless  to  vacancies  caused 
by  death  or  resignation. 

It  has  been  frequently  stated  that  under  the  first  charter  the  Dutch 
language  was  to  be  exclusively  used  in  the  college,  and  that  that  was  one 
of  the  difficulties  for  the  removal  of  which  the  trustees  asked  when  they 
petitioned  for  an  amended  charter,  and  that  this  was  removed  and  the  fol- 
lowing new  provision  inserted : 

"Provided  always,  and  it  is  hereby  declared  and  expressly  enjoined,  That 
there  shall  always  be  residing  at  or  near  such  college  at  least  one  professor 
or  teacher  well  versed  in  the  English  language,  elected,  nominated,  main- 
tained, and  supported  by  the  said  corporation  from  time  to  time  to  instruct 
the  students  of  the  said  college  in  the  knowledge  of  the  English  language. 

"Provided  also,  That  all  minutes  of  the  meetings  and  transactions  of  the 
trustees,  and  all  rules,  orders,  and  regulations  relating  to  the  government 
of  the  said  college,  and  all  accounts  relating  to  the  receipts  and  payments 
of  moneys  shall  be  in  the  English  language  and  no  other." 

We  have  not  found  satisfactory  authority  for  this  statement.  It  is  diffi- 
cult to  think  that  the  able  and  far-sighted  men  who  were  the  leaders  in  this 
movement  could  have  been  so  blind  as  not  to  see  at  once  that  with  such  a 
provision  the  college  could  never  succeed.  The  Dutch  language  had  al- 
ready for  a  century  been  banished  from  courts  of  justice,  halls  of  legisla- 
tion, and  all  public  business,  and  was  fast  being  crowded  out  of  its  remain- 
ing strongholds — the  school,  the  pulpit,  and  the  household. 

Besides,  the  trustees  in  their  petition  to  the  council  do  not  mention  this 
as  a  feature  in  the  charter  that  ought  to  be  removed,  while  they  dwell 
chiefly  and  emphatically  on  the  fatal  distinction  made  between  residents 
and  non-residents  of  New  Jersey.  The  advice  given  by  the  council  to  the 
Governor  was  that  the  petition  should  be  granted  "so  far  as  relates  to  the 
distinction  of  residents  and  non-residents  in  the  said  charter  mentioned.*' 
This  justifies  the  inference  that  no  change,  certainly  no  important  one,  in 
the  charter  was  made^  except  the  elimination  of  the  unfortunate  clause 
concerning  residents  and  non-residents,  and  also  that  the  provision  about 
the  English  language  was  Contained  in  the  first  charter  as  well  as  in  the 
second. 

The  reasons  urged  for  the  founding  of  this  college  are  fully  stated  in  the 
charter  as  follows : 

"George  the  Third,  by  the  grace  of  God,  of  Great  Britain,  France,  and  Ire- 
land, King,  defender  of  the  faith,  etc.     To  all  whom  these  presents 
shall  come,  greeting: 
"Whereas  our  loving  subjects  being  of  the  Protestant  reformed  religion, 
according  to  the  constitution  of  the  reformed  churches  in  the  United  Prov- 
inces, and  using  the  discipline  of  the  said  churches,  as  approved  and  insti- 
tuted by  the  national  synod1  of  Dort  in  the  year  1618-19,  are  in  this  and  the 
neighboring  provinces  very  numerous,   consisting  of   many   churches  and 


I46  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 

religious  assemblies,  the  ministers  and  elders  of  which  having  taken  into 
serious  consideration  the  manner  in  which  the  said  churches  might  be 
properly  supplied  with  an  able,  learned,  and  well-qualified  ministry,  and 
thinking  it  necessary,  and  being  very  desirous,  that  a  college  might  be 
erected  for  that  purpose  within  this  our  province  of  New  Jersey,  in  which 
the  learned  languages  and  other  branches  of  useful  knowledge  may  be 
taught  and  degrees  conferred,  and  especially  that  young  men  of  suitable 
abilities  may  be  instructed  in  divinity,  preparing  them  for  the  ministry  and 
supplying  the  necessity  of  the  churches,  for  themselves  and  in  behalf  of 
their  churches,  presented  a  petition  to  our  trusty  and  well-beloved  William 
Franklin,  esq.,  governor  and  commander  in  chief  in  and  over  our  province 
of  New  Jersey  in  America,  setting  forth  that  inconveniences  are  manifold 
and  the  expenses  heavy,  in  either  being  supplied  with  ministers  of  the 
gospel  from  foreign  parts  or  sending  young  men  abroad  for  education ; 
that  the  present  and  increasing  necessity  for  a  considerable  number  to  be 
employed  in  the  ministry  is  great ;  that  a  preservation  of  a  fund  for  the 
necessary  uses  of  instruction  very  much  depends  upon  a  charter ; 

"And  therefore  humbly  entreat  that  some  persons  might  be  incorporated 
in  a  body  politic  for  the  purposes  aforesaid;  and  we,  being  willing  to  grant 
the  reasonable  request  and  prayer  of  said  petitioners,  and  to  promote  learn- 
ing for  the  benefit  of  the  community  and  advancement  of  the  Protestant 
religion  of  all  denominations,  and  more  especially  to  remove  as  much  as 
possible  the  necessity  our  said  loving  subjects  have  hitherto  been  under  of 
sending  their  youth  intended  for  the  ministry  to  a  foreign  country  for 
education  and  of  being  subordinate  to  a  foreign  ecclesiastical  jurisdiction; 
know  ye,  therefore,  etc." 

Its  principal  provision  declared  that  the  college  was  founded  "for  the 
education  of  youth  in  the  learned  languages,  liberal  and  useful  arts  and 
sciences,  and  especially  in  divinity,  preparing  them  for  the  ministry  and 
other  good  offices." 

Forty  trustees  were  appointed  by  the  charter,  including,  ex  officio,  the 
Governor  or  Commander-in-Chief  of  the  colony  of  New  Jersey,  the  Chief 
Justice  of  the  colony  of  New  Jersey,  and  the  Attorney  General  of  the  colony 
of  New  Jersey. 

The  seal  was  to  bear  the  motto:  Sol  justitia  et  occidentem  iltustra. 
On  May  7,  1771,  at  a  meeting  of  the  trustees  held  at  Hackensack,  the 
location  of  the  college,  which  was  desired  both  at  Hackensack  and  New 
Brunswick,  was  fixed  at  the  latter  place,  because  its  citizens,  through  the 
influence  of  Dr.  J.  R.  Hardenbergh  and  Hendrick  Fischer,  had  come  for- 
ward with  a  great  amount  of  subscriptions,  and  perhaps  also  because  New 
Brunswick,  being  larger  and  situated  on  the  line  of  travel  between  New 
York  and  Philadelphia,  gave  higher  promise  of  prosperity  for  the  institu- 
tion. Other  considerations  possibly  had  weight.  It  has  been  said  that  one 
of  these  was  the  fact  that  New  Brunswick  was  nearer  than  Hackensack 
to  the  German  Reformed  churches  in  Pennsylvania,  which  were  under  the 
care  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  as  were  the  Dutch  churches. 

The  reconciliation  of  the  Ccetus  and  the  Conferentie  parties  was  effected 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     TN    AMERICA.  147 

in  October,  1771.  In  that  year  a  "plan  of  union"  was  brought  from  Hol- 
land by  Dr.  John  H.  Livingston,  who  had  just  completed  his  studies  in 
the  University  of  Utrecht  and  been  ordained  as  a  pastor  of  the  Collegiate 
Dutch  Church  in  New  York.  This  plan  had  been  informally  approved 
beforehand  by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  It  was  adopted  by  a  convention 
of  ministers  and  elders,  embracing  both  parties,  held  in  New  York  City  in 
October,  1771,  the  year  after  the  second  charter  of  Queens  College  had  been 
obtained.  One  of  the  requirements  of  this  "plan  of  union"  was  that  one  or 
more  divines  of  the  Netherlands  should  be  chosen  to  be  professors  on 
recommendation  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam, 

"provided,  however,  that  such  professor  or  professors  shall  have  no  con- 
nection with  any  English  academies,  but  shall  deliver  lectures  on  theology 
in  their  own  houses  to  such  students  only  as  can  by  suitable  testimonials 
make  it  appear  that  they  have  carefully  exercised  themselves  in  the  prepar- 
atory branches  for  two  or  three  years  at  a  college  or  academy  under  the 
supervision  of  competent  teachers  in  the  languages,  philosophy,  etc." 

This  disposed  of  all  plans  for  the  establishment  of  professorships  of 
divinity  in  Kings  and  Princeton  colleges,  and  possibly  in  Queens  also,  al- 
though its  charter  contained  a  provision  for  such  professorship.  The 
embittered  feelings  of  the  members  of  the  Conferentie  party  against  those 
who  had  procured  the  charter  could  not,  perhaps,  be  allayed  at  once,  and 
they  could  not  consent  that  the  teachers  of  divinity  for  the  whole  church 
should  be  placed  under  the  direction  and  control  of  the  trustees  of  Queens 
College. 

The  precise  date  of  the  opening  of  the  college,  owing  to  the  loss  of  the 
first  book  of  minutes,  cannot  now  be  ascertained.  "It  must  have  been,"  says 
Mr.  Bradley  in  his  Centennial  oration,  "prior  to  1775,  and  was  probably  as 
early  as  1772."  The  trustees  of  the  college  were  among  the  most  able, 
active,  and  loyal  ministers  and  members  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church, 
and  by  their  wisdom,  moderation,  and  conciliatory  spirit  seem  speedily  to 
have  won  the  confidence  of  the  churches  generally.  This  is  shown  by  the 
fact  that  as  early  as  1773  they  sent  to  the  "General  meeting  of  ministers  and 
elders"  a  respectful  address  representing,  among  other  things, 

"that  they  had  written  to  the  reverend  Classis  of  Amsterdam  and  the 
reverend  theological  faculty  of  Utrecht  requesting  those  reverend  bodies  to 
recommend  a  person  whom  they  judged  qualified  to  be  called  as  president 
of  the  forementioned  college,  who  should  at  the  same  time  instruct  those 
youths  who  chose  to  place  themselves  under  his  oversight  in  sacred  the- 
ology, and  who  would  consequently,  agreeable  to  the  received  articles  of 
union,  be  a  member  of  the  particular  and  general  ecclesiastical  bodies,  and 
commending  the  forementioned  college  to  the  kind  regard  of  this  reverend 
body." 

In  this  communication  of  the  trustees  we  have  the  germ  of  the  plan, 
subsequently  carried  into  effect,  for  the  friendly  co-operation  of  the  trustees 


I48  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 

and  Synod,  whereby  the  same  person  was  to  act  as  president  of  the  college 
and  professor  of  theology,  the  trustees  accepting  the  conditions  of  the 
articles  of  union. 

The  general  body  responded  to  this  overture  in  the  same  spirit,  agreeing 
that  for  the  professor's  place  of  residence  "Brunswick  is  the  most  suitable 
on  account  of  his  relation  to  Queens  College  there  situated,  as  well  as  for 
the  students  in  regard  to  livelihood  and  other  circumstances ;"  that  one 
should  be  chosen  to  the  twofold  office  who  had  been  recommended  by  the 
Classis  of  Amsterdam ;  that  the  professor  of  theology  will  at  the  same  time 
be  and  remain  president  of  the  college;  and  also  that  the  reverend  body 
would  make  efforts  to  increase  the  fund  for  the  support  of  their  professor, 
for  which  the  trustees  had  already  raised  the  sum  of  £4,000. 

But  the  times  were  not  favorable  for  carrying  this  plan  into  effect.  The 
country  was  not  only  poor,  but  it  was  in  a  state  of  alarm,  for  the  Revolu- 
tionary war  was  at  hand.  The  Classis  of  Amsterdam  and  the  University 
of  Utrecht,  in  answer  to  the  applications  of  the  convention  and  of  the 
trustees,  nominated  Dr.  John  H.  Livingston  for  the  professorship  of  the- 
ology, as  better  fitted  for  that  office  than  any  divine  from  the  Netherlands 
could  be.  The  nomination  reached  the  general  convention  in  April,  1775, 
only  a  few  days  after  the  battle  of  Lexington  had  been  fought.  The  con- 
vention hastily  adjourned,  to  meet  again  in  October  of  the  same  year  to 
consider  the  whole  subject  of  the  professorate.  At  that  meeting  nothing 
was  done  in  the  matter.  The  minutes  say:  "By  reason  of  the  pitiful  con- 
dition of  our  land,  the  consideration  of  the  subject  of  the  professorate  is 
deferred."     It  was  deferred  for  nine  years,  until  the  close  of  the  war. 

The  actual  instruction  and  management  of  the  institution  were  for  many 
years  performed  by  tutors  of  the  college  and  teachers  of  the  grammar 
school.  Since  the  name  of  Dr.  Jacob  Rutsen  Hardenbergh,  who  had  been 
exceedingly  active  and  influential  in  obtaining  the  charter,  appears  as  Presi- 
dent on  the  diploma  of  Simeon  de  Witt  under  date  of  Oct.  5,  1776,  it  is 
inferred  that  he  had  been  filling,  possibly  from  the  outset  and  certainly  on 
some  occasions,  the  office  of  President  pro  tempore,  although  he  continued 
to  discharge  his  duties  as  pastor  at  Raritan.  And  not  only  did  this  brave 
and  self-sacrificing  spirit  give  instruction  in  the  languages,  moral  philoso- 
phy, and  other  branches,  but  in  company  with  Rev.  John  Leydt  he  went 
from  door  to  door  through  New  Brunswick  begging  money  for  an  endow- 
ment. He  was  a  man  of  great  energy  and  sound  judgment  and  is  entitled 
to  the  praise  of  being  the  chief  founder  of  the  college.  His  wife  was  the 
widow  of  John  Frelinghuysen  and  grandmother  of  Theodore  Frelinghuy- 
scn,  the  subsequent  president.  Her  keen  intellect,  deep  and  fervent  piety, 
and  helpful  sympathy  in  behalf  of  the  young  college  have  made  her  name 
honored  and  cherished  among  all  the  families  of  the  Reformed  faith. 

In  the  fall  of  1776,  the  British  troops  having  taken  possession  of  New 
Brunswick,  and  burned,  it  is  believed,  the  original  college  building,  teachers 
and  students  were  scattered.  After  a  brief  suspension  of  literary  exercises 
the  college  began  a  new  but  migratory  existence.  In  consequence  of  the 
irregularities  likely  to  be  caused  by  the  presence  of  soldiers,  its  sessions 
were  held  now  at  Millstone  and  now  at  North  Branch  (Readington),  while 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  149 

the  commencement  of  1778  was  held  at  New  Brunswick.  At  this  time  and 
for  some  years  subsequently  the  future  of  the  institution  was  dark  enough. 
The  General  Synod  would  only  recognize  it  as  a  preparatory  school,  and  the 
value  of  its  promised  care  over  it  was  much  diminished  by  the  appointment 
of  a  committee  to  establish  a  similar  school  at  Schenectady. 

Unfortunately,  the  minutes  of  subsequent  meetings  of  the  trustees  down 
to  1782  are  missing,  and  consequently  we  are  dependent  for  the  meager 
information  we  have  about  the  work  of  the  college  during  that  period  to  a 
few  notices  in  the  newspapers  and  to  tradition.  It  is  certain  that  the  col- 
lege was  without  a  president  during  that  period  and  until  1786.  A  faculty 
was  constituted  of  a  committee  of  trustees,  who  attended  quarterly  exam- 
inations of  the  college  and  grammar  schools.  The  first  tutor  was  Frederick 
Frelinghuysen,  son  of  the  Rev.  John  Frelinghuysen,  of  Raritan,  afterward 
General  Frelinghuysen,  of  Revolutionary  fame.  It  was  the  day  of  small 
things  for  tlie  college,  and  the  troubled  condition  of  the  country  before 
and  during  the  Revolutionary  war  made  a  favorable  beginning  impossible. 

Official  notices  appeared  in  the  New  Jersey  Gazette,  published  at  Trenton, 
as  follows : 

Raritan,  January  4,  1779. 

'The  faculty  of  Queen's  College  take  this  method  to  inform  the  public 
that  the  business  of  the  said  college  is  still  carried  on  at  the  North  Branch 
of  Raritan,  in  the  county  of  Somerset,  where  good  accommodations  for 
young  gentlemen  may  be  had  in  respectable  families  at  as  moderate  prices 
as  in  any  part  of  the  State.  This  neighborhood  is  so  far  distant  from  head- 
quarters that  not  any  of  the  troops  are  stationed  here,  neither  does  the 
Army  in  the  least  interfere  with  the  business  of  the  college.  The  faculty 
also  take  the  liberty  to  remind  the  public  that  the  representatives  of  this 
State  have  enacted  a  law  by  which  students  at  college  are  exempted  from 
military  duty. 

Hillsborough,  May  25,  1780. 

"The  vacation  of  Queen's  College,  at  Hillsborough  (Millstone),  in  the 
county  of  Somerset,  and  of  the  grammar  school  in  the  city  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, is  expired,  and  the  business  of  each  is  again  commenced.  Good 
lodgings  may  be  procured  in  both  places  at  as  low  a  rate  as  in  any  part  of 
the  State. 

"By  order  of  the  faculty: 

"John  Taylor,  Clerk  Pro  Tern." 

At  what  time  Col.  John  Taylor  became  tutor  is  not  known,  but  he  proba- 
bly succeeded  Frelinghuysen.  It  is  certain  that  he  occupied  this  position 
in  1779,  and  that,  with  one  or  two  short  intervals,  he  continued  in  it  until 
1796,  when  he  became  a  professor  in  Union  College  at  its  inception.  He 
was  the  principal  teacher  during  this  period.  Colonel  Taylor,  like  most  of 
those  connected  with  the  college,  was  devoted  to  the  cause  of  American 
liberty.  He  drilled  the  students  as  a  military  company,  and  subsequently 
took  part  in  the  battles  at  Princeton,  Germantown,  and  elsewhere.  He 
wrote  text-books  in  natural  philosophy,  and  rendered  efficient  service  to 


150  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

education  in  various  ways.  Under  these  faithful  men,  whose  hope  and 
courage  are  always  deserving  of  grateful  mention,  thirteen  students  were 
graduated  before  1776.  Among  these  was  Hon.  Simeon  de  Witt,  who  be- 
came Surveyor  General  of  the  United  States  and  afterward  of  the  State  of 
New  York,  and  by  whom  the  present  plan  of  laying  out  the  lands  of  our 
Western  domain  was  devised. 

The  record  of  events  during  this  period  is  of  the  most  meagre  character. 
The  country  was  painfully  emerging  from  the  prostration  of  the  Revolu- 
tionary struggle.  The  currency  was  in  a  deplorable  condition.  The  citi- 
zens of  New  Brunswick  had  suffered  more  than  the  rest  of  New  Jersey. 
Their  property  had  been  devastated,  their  business  broken  up,  their  churches 
burned  or  dismantled,  their  securities  depreciated.  The  insignificant  funds 
of  the  college  had  been  invested  in  bonds  and  mortgages,  on  which  poor 
people  could  pay  neither  principal  nor  interest.  It  may  well  be  conceived, 
therefore,  that  it  cost  the  trustees  a  struggle  to  rebuild  and  equip  their 
burnt  college.  This  they  accomplished  in  1790,  locating  it  on  the  present 
site  of  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church  in  New  Brunswick,  where,  accord- 
ing to  tradition,  their  former  building  had  stood.. 

This  earliest  college  building  of  which  any  thing  is  definitely  known  was 
a  two-story  frame  white  house,  fronting  the  north,  and  with  its  gable  end 
turned  in  true  Dutch  style  toward  George  street.  It  was  without  cupola  or 
belfry,  and  was  as  plain  and  unpretending  in  its  architecture  as  the  simple 
taste  of  the  day  demanded.  This  building  continued  to  be  occupied  by  the 
grammar  school  and  college  until  181 1. 

Meanwhile  the  trustees  of  the  college  embraced  an  opportunity  that 
presented  itself  for  obtaining  a  president.  By  the  death  of  the  Rev.  John 
Leydt,  in  1783,  the  churches  of  New  Brunswick  and  Six  Mile  Run  had 
become  vacant,  and  the  trustees,  being  unable  to  give  a  president  an  inde- 
pendent support,  agreed  with  the  Consistories  of  these  churches  to  elect 
to  the  presidency  the  minister  whom  they  should  call  to  be  their  pastor. 
They,  however,  signified  their  preference  for  Dr.  Jacob  R.  Hardenbergh. 
The  Consistories  preferred  Dr.  Dirck  Romeyn,  of  Hackensack,  and  called 
him,  and  he  was  accordingly  elected  president  of  the  college.  He  declined 
these  calls  and  soon  after  removed  to  Schenectady,  where  he  became  the 
founder  of  Union  College. 

In  1784,  the  Synod — for  the  convention  had  now  assumed  this  title — 
elected  Dr.  John  H.  Livingston  professor  of  theology.  The  trustees  now 
hoped  that  the  proposed  plan  of  1773  might  be  carried  into  effect,  and  sig- 
nified their  readiness  to  fulfill  their  part,  and  to  elect  Dr.  Livingston  presi- 
dent of  the  college.  But  the  Synod  declined  to  enter  into  the  arrangement. 
It  resolved  that  their  professor  should  remain  in  New  York,  the  Consis- 
tory there  seeing  to  his  support,  as  he  was  to  continue  to  be  their  pastor. 
At  the  same  time  it  was  resolved  to  render  assistance  to  Queen's  College, 
and  also  to  the  proposed  college  at  Schenectady,  which  would  be  "at  a 
proper  distance  from  Queen's  College."  Dr.  Livingston  consequently 
taught  students  of  divinity  in  his  own  house  in  New  York,  and  for  a  short 
time  at  Flatbush,  Long  Island,  until  his  removal  to  New  Brunswick  in 
1810. 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  151 

The  trustees,  feeling  that  it  was  imperatively  necessary  that  the  college 
should  have  a  president,  promptly  took  measures  to  procure  one.  They 
agreed  with  the  church  of  New  Brunswick,  which  had  separated  from  that 
of  Six  Mile  Run,  to  make  a  joint  call  on  Dr.  Hardenbergh.  This  was  ac- 
cepted by  him  Feb.  9,  1786.  He  was  pastor  of  the  church  in  New  Bruns- 
wick and  first  president  of  the  college  until  the  time  of  his  death  in  1790. 

The  college  now  remained  without  a  president  during  twenty  years. 
Immediately  after  the  death  of  President  Hardenbergh  an  effort  was  made 
to  obtain  Dr.  Livingston  to  succeed  him  as  pastor  and  president,  but  it 
failed,  when  an  effort  was  made  to  obtain  Dr.  Romeyn,  which  also  failed. 
Rev.  Dr.  Linn,  one  of  the  trustees,  presided  at  two  or  three  commencements. 
The  Synod  was  appealed  to  in  vain  to  carry  out  the  plan  of  1773,  when  a 
union  with  Princeton  College  was  discussed  by  the  trustees  and  decided 
unfavorably.  Instruction  was  given  by  tutors.  In  1794  Dr.  Ira  Condict, 
pastor  of  the  church  at  New  Brunswick,  was  appointed  professor  of  moral 
philosophy  and  superintendent,  with  authority  to  employ  tutors.  The  next 
year  (i795)  the  college  was  closed  and  so  remained  until  1807. 

"Although  this  first  period  of  Queen's  College  was  troublous,  yet  it  had 
accomplished  good  work.  There  were  graduated  from  it  over  sixty  young 
men,  of  whom  ten  were  subsequently  licensed  by  the  Dutch  Reformed 
Church,  while  several  others  became  celebrated  leaders  in  politics  and 
science." 

The  trustees  felt  the  importance  of  the  grammar  school.  They  aimed 
to  secure  good  teachers  for  it,  and  they  kept  it  in  operation  when  the  col- 
lege was  closed.  Andrew  Kirkpatrick,  afterward  the  able  chief  justice  of 
New  Jersey,  had  charge  of  it  for  several  years.  In  1786  he  was  succeeded 
by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Lindsley,  who  was  followed  by  Mr.  Ogilvie,  and  after  him 
by  Mr.  Stevenson.  The  Rev.  John  Croes,  rector  of  Christ  Church  (Epis- 
copal), New  Brunswick,  afterward  bishop  of  the  Episcopal  Church  in  New 
Jersey,  conducted  the  school  from  1801  to  1808.  He  was  deeply  interested 
in  the  college  and  rendered  valuable  service  in  reviving  it. 

To  Rev.  Dr.  Ira  Condict  belongs  the  credit  of  originating  a  new  move- 
ment in  1807  for  the  revival  of  the  college.  He  was  a  man  of  untiring 
energy,  public  spirited,  and  always  ready  to  make  any  sacrifice  in  order  to 
secure  a  noble  object.  An  agreement  was  entered  into  by  the  Synod  and 
trustees,  known  as  the  covenant  of  1807,* 

"the  principal  stipulations  of  which  were  *  *  *  that  all  funds  raised  for 
the  college  in  New  York  should  be  exclusively  appropriated  to  the  support 
of  a  theological  professorship  in  the  college,  and  the  assistance  of  young 
men  desirous  of  entering  into  the  ministry;  that  the  trustees  should  appoint 
no  professor  of  theology  but  such  as  should  be  nominated  by  the  Synod ; 
that  the  permanent  professor  of  theology  of  the  Synod  should  be  located 
at  New  Brunswick;  that  the  trustees  should  call  the  professor  appointed 
by  the  Synod  as  soon  as  they  obtained  a  fund  sufficient  for  his  support, 
which  call  Synod  requested  that  he  should  forthwith  accept ;  that  a  board  of 
superintendents  of  the  theological  institution  in  Queen's  College  should  be 


I52  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 

appointed  by  Synod  to  examine  theological  candidates,  etc,  and  that  Synod 
should  provide  money  to  purchase  a  theological  library  and  for  erecting  a 
theological  hall,  or  contribute  their  proportion  toward  erecting  a  building 
for  their  joint  accommodation." 

The  General  Synod  sent  an  able  and  stirring  address  to  the  churches, 
and  $10,000  were  subscribed  toward  the  object  in  New  York  in  a  few  days. 
The  trustees  were  encouraged  not  only  to  prosecute  vigorously  the  erec- 
tion of  a  new  building4  at  a  cost  of  about  $12,000,  but  also  at  once  to  revive 
instruction  in  the  college.  Dr.  Condict  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  highest 
class,  his  son,  Daniel  Harrison  Condict,  was  appointed  tutor,  and  Dr. 
Robert  Adrain  was  made  professor  of  mathematics.  Dr.  Livingston  was 
again  elected  to  the  presidency,  but  at  first  declined.  Dr.  Condict  was  then 
invited  to  it,  but  he  declined,  feeling  that  he  could  not  undertake  the  work 
connected  with  so  responsible  a  position  and  at  the  same  time  do  justice 
to  the  large  congregation  of  which  he  was  pastor.  How  can  the  debt 
which  the  college  and  church  owe  to  this  eminent  and  faithful  man  be 
estimated !  He  was  the  chief  instrument  in  the  revival  of  the  college.  He 
taught  in  it  during  three  years.  He  was  instrumental  in  securing,  as  a  gift 
from  the  estate  of  James  Parker,  Sr.,  of  Perth  Amboy,  five  acres,  which, 
with  the  addition  of  one  and  one-third  acres  of  ground,  now  forms  the 
beautiful  campus,  as  well  as  in  starting  and  urging  to  completion  the  noble 
building  known  as  Queen's.  He  was  indefatigable  in  collecting  moneys  in 
New  Brunswick  and  vicinity,  by  going  from  house  to  house  until  he  had 
raised  more  than  $6,ooo  and  in  various  other  ways  working  in  season  and 
out  of  season  for  the  college  he  loved  so  dearly.  In  fact,  he  gave  his  life 
for  it.  Worn  out  by  cares  and  labors,  his  Heavenly  Father  took  him  home 
June  1,  181 1,  before  he  had  reached  his  forty-eighth  year.  He  lived  to  see 
the  building  whose  corner  stone  had  been  laid  April  27,  1809,  well  nigh 
completed. 

Dr.  Livingston  at  length  accepted  a  renewed  call  to  the  presidency,  and 
removed  to  New  Brunswick  in  1810.  He  devoted  himself  mainly  to  his 
work  as  professor  of  theology.  He  made  it  a  condition  that  he  should  not 
be  asked  to  do  more  as  president  than  sign  diplomas  and  preside  at  com- 
mencements, while  the  burden  of  government  should  be  borne  by  vice- 
presidents.  Dr.  Condict  had  acted  as  such  only  a  few  months  before  his 
death.  He  was  succeeded  in  the  pastorate  of  the  Dutch  Church  by  the 
Rev.  Dr.  John  Schureman,  who  was  made  vice-president  of  the  college  and 
professor  of  moral  philosophy  and  belles-lettres.  But  the  college  failed  to 
prosper.  The  funds  were  increased,  according  to  the  fashion  of  those 
times,  by  a  lottery,  which  was  duly  authorized  by  the  Legislature,  and  the 
proceeds  of  which  amounted  to  $11,000.  But  it  lacked  sufficient  resources 
and  patronage. 

The  number  of  students  was  encouraging,  but  since  the  Church  was 
chiefly  interested  in  the  theological  professorship,  and  the  trustees  were 
unable  to  raise  means  for  the  completion  of  the  new  building  and  the  proper 
equipment  of  the  literary  department,  the  exercises  were  suspended  again 
in  1816.     Degrees,  however,  were  conferred  by  the  trustees  until  1818. 


Kirkpatrick  Chapel. 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  153 

During  this  period  of  nine  years  forty-one  students  were  graduated. 
Eight  of  these  entered  the  Theological  Seminary,  and  one,  Cornelius  L. 
Hardenbergh,  a  grandson  of  the  first  president,  became  subsequently 
professor  of  law  in  the  institution. 

At  the  solicitation  of  parties  interested  in  a  medical  college  in  Duane 
street,  New  York,  the  trustees  in  1812  appointed  the  medical  faculty  of  that 
institution  to  be  a  nudical  faculty  in  Queen's  College;  but,  as  this  depart- 
ment never  had  more  than  a  nominal  connection  with  Queen's  College,  it 
may  be  dismissed  from  further  notice.5 

As  Queen's  College  had  been  originated  by  the  Dutch  Reformed  denomi- 
nation, in  the  strong  desire  to  provide  itself  with  an  efficient  and  learned 
ministry,  so  its  revival  once  more,  under  the  name  of  Rutgers  College,  in 
1825  is  traceable  to  the  same  cause.  "Immediately  after  the  death  of  Dr. 
Livingston  in  1825,  Dr.  John  de  Witt  proposed  the  resuscitation  of  the 
college  in  the  hope  of  increasing  the  number  of  theological  students,  and 
was  seconded  by  Dr.  Milledoler."  The  theological  department  had  been 
kept  running  as  a  distinct  affair  during  the  quiescence  of  the  college,  and 
the  plan  was  now  to  obtain  from  the  Church  endowments  for  three  pro- 
fessorships (two  of  which  were  already  in  existence  and  partially  en- 
dowed) in  the  Theological  Seminary,  and  then  to  have  the  three  professors 
give  gratuitous  instruction,  and  at  the  same  time  to  make  an  effort  for 
independent  professorships  in  the  college.  The  Collegiate  Church  in  New 
York  agreed  to  pay  $1,700  a  year  for  three  years,  provided  that  the  Gen- 
eral Synod  should  raise  $25,000  as  a  permanent  fund,  and  that  the  college 
exercises  should  be  recommenced.  And  the  promise  was  fulfilled.  Over 
$50,000  were  eventually  subscribed,  of  which  $27,000,  contributed  by  the 
Northern  Section  of  the  Church,  were  set  apart  for  the  new  and  third 
professorship.  The  election  of  Abraham  van  Nest  as  trustee  helped  very 
greatly  to  bring  about  this  happy  result.  "The  college  edifice  and  lot  had 
been  transferred  to  the  Synod  in  1825,  in  consideration  of  the  latter  ad- 
vancing the  sum  of  $4,000  to  pay  off  a  debt  which  the  trustees  had  in- 
curred." In  September,  1825/  an  additional  covenant  was  adopted  by 
which  the  Synod  allowed  the  trustees  the  free  use  of  such  parts  of  the 
seminary  building  formerly  belonging  to  the  college  as  might  be  necessary, 
and  by  which  the  two  institutions  became  generally  more  closely  united. 
Dr.  Milledoler  became  president,  and  professors  were  appointed.  The  dis- 
tribution of  duties  was  as  follows :  "Moral  Philosophy  and  Evidences  of 
Christianity,  to  the  Professor  of  Didactic  Theology;  Belles-Lettres,  Ele- 
ments of  Criticism  and  Logic,  to  the  Professor  of  Biblical  Literature; 
Metaphysics  and  Mental  Philosophy  to  the  newly  elected  Professor  of 
Church  History ;  grammatical  instruction  of  the  theological  students  in 
Hebrew  and  Greek  was  assigned  to  the  Professor  of  Languages ;  special 
provision  was  made  for  the  religious  education  of  the  students.  Biblical 
recitations  under  the  conduct  of  the  President,  and  Sabbath  services  in  the 
Theological  Hall,  were  appointed.  The  government  of  the  college  was  in- 
trusted to  a  board  of  six  superintendents,  appointed  by  the  Synod  and 
trustees  in  equal  parts.  Its  administration  was  given  to  a  faculty  consisting 
of  the  president,  professors,   and  tutors.     That   the   course   of  education 


154  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN     AMERICA. 

might  be  more  beneficial,  the  number  of  pay  students  was  limited  to  one 
hundred.  It  was  deemed  expedient  to  drop  the  name  of  Queens,  as  it 
recalled  the  condition  of  vassalage  from  which  the  nation  had  been  deliv- 
ered. The  present  name,  Rutgers  College,  was  chosen  by  the  Synod  in 
consideration  of  the  character  and  services  of  Colonel  Henry  Rutgers.'" 
He  gave  $5,000  toward  its  endowment.  Thirty  students  attended,  and  the 
number  was  soon  increased  to  sixty.  The  building  was  adorned  with  a 
cupola,  in  which  a  bell  was  hung,  and  a  grammar  school  edifice  was 
erected.  The  library,  for  which  the  trustees  had  appropriated  $1,800  as 
early  as  1815,  was  increased,  a  mineralogical  cabinet  was  commenced,  and 
a  Society  of  Natural  History  organized  by  the  students;  an  English  and 
scientific  school  was  established  in  1832  under  Mr.  Mortimer,  and 
a  medical  school  again  attempted,  which,  however,  was  soon  abandoned. 
Medical  degrees  were  not  conferred  after  1835,  and  only  rarely  after  1827. 

In  1833  the  corps  of  instructors  was  increased  by  the  election  of  Rev. 
Dr.  Jacob  J.  Janeway  to  the  vice-presidency  and  to  an  unsalaried  profes- 
sorship of  the  evidences  of  Christianity  and  political  economy.  And-  to 
insure  fuller  instruction  in  Hebrew,  a  professorship  of  Oriental  literature 
was  created,  and  its  duties  assigned  to  the  professor  of  Biblical  literature. 

From  1825  to  1840  two  hundred  and  fifty-eight  students  were  graduated, 
of  whom  seventy-one  were  licensed  by  the  Reformed  Church,  and  many  of 
the  others  became  eminent  in  other  learned  professions.  In  the  class  of 
1836,  for  example,  occur  the  names  of  Joseph  P.  Bradley,  LL.D.,  Associate 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States;  George  W.  Coakley, 
LL.D.,  professor  of  mathematics  in  the  New  York  University;  Frederick 
T.  Frelinghuysen,  formerly  U.  S.  Senator ;  William  A.  Newell,  M.  D.,  ex- 
member  of  Congress,  and  ex-Governor  of  New  Jersey ;  and  Hon.  Cortlandt 
Parker,  LL.D.,  one  of  the  most  eminent  and  successful  lawyers  in  New 
Jersey. 

In  1839  the  covenant  of  1825  was  somewhat  modified.8  It  was  agreed 
that  the  trustees  should  no  longer  be  required  to  appoint  one  of  the  trTe- 
ological  professors  as  president.  The  whole  administration  of  the  college 
was  referred  to  the  trustees  without  synodical  supervision.  The  theo- 
logical professors  were  released  from  the  obligation  to  give  instruction  in 
the  college,  but  were  at  the  same  time  requested  by  the  Synod  to  continue 
to  render  such  services  as  they  could  without  interfering  with  other  duties. 
The  Synod,  while  retaining  the  title  to  the  property,  guaranteed  to  the 
trustees  the  free  use  of  the  library  room,  the  chapel,  and  recitation  rooms. 
They  also  engaged  not  to  sell  or  lease  the  property  without  the  consent 
of  the  trustees. 

Dr.  Janeway  had  resigned  in  1839,  and  his  duties  were  now  assigned  to 
the  president.  The  presidency,  after  the  resignation  of  Dr.  Milledoler  in 
1840,  became  filled  the  same  year  by  Hon.  Abraham  B.  Hasbrouck,  who,  by 
his  lectures  on  Constitutional  Law,  his  genial  manners,  and  generous  hospi- 
tality, contributed  greatly  during  the  subsequent  ten  years  to  the  prosperity 
of  the  institution.  The  theological  professors  from  1840  to  1867  continued 
voluntarily  and  gratuitously  to  give  instruction  in  the  departments  from 
which  they  had  been  entirely  released  as  a  matter  of  obligation ;  and  thus 
they  aided  the  trustees  immensely  in  their  efforts  to   render  the  college 


THF    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  155 

independent,  and  to  make  its  curriculum  equal  to  that  of  other  first-class 
colleges.  The  faculty  was  enlarged  by  the  creation  of  a  professorship  of 
modern  languages  and  of  an  adjunct  professorship  of  ancient  languages. 
The  need  of  more  lecture  rooms  was  soon  felt,  and  through  the  efforts  of 
the  alumni  a  building  was  erected  for  the  use  of  the  literary  societies  and 
other  purposes,  and  named  Van  Nest  Hall,  in  recognition  of  services  ren- 
dered. A  residence  for  the  president  was  also  built,  now  known  as  "The 
Fine  Arts  Building,"  and  a  fund  secured  for  his  support,  making  the  entire 
endowment  over  $50,000.  The  graduating  classes  were  not,  however,  large. 
They  numbered  on  the  average  from  1840  to  1850  only  about  eighteen  stu- 
dents. This  is  said  to  have  been  caused  by  the  misunderstandings  which 
prevailed  throughout  the  Church  on  the  policy  of  church  extension  and  on 
the  relation  of  the  college  to  the  Synod. 

During  this  controversy  Mr.  Hasbrouck  resigned  the  presidency,  and  his 
place  was  immediately  filled  by  Hon.  Theodore  Frelinghuysen.  The  col- 
lege now  entered  upon  a  new  career  of  prosperity.  Mr.  Frelinghuysen  was 
a  man  of  unusual  wisdom  and  guilelessness;  his  disposition  was  naturally 
gentle  and  always  pervaded  by  a  thorough  Christian  spirit;  his  manners 
were  conciliatory,  and  his  intellect  as  discerning  as  his  heart  was  upright. 
His  influence,  therefore,  over  the  Church,  as  well  as  over  individuals 
nearly  related  to  the  controversy  that  had  for  many  years  involved  the  col- 
lege, was  strong  and  of  the  happiest  nature.  The  feeling  of  loyalty  to  the 
institution  began  to  extend  through  the  entire  denomination.  During  the 
decade  following  the  second  year  of  his  administration  the  average  num- 
ber of  the  graduating  class  ran  up  to  nearly  twenty-three,  while  a  larger 
number  than  ever  before  were,  on  account  of  increased  requirements  in 
scholarship,  prevented  from  graduation.  In  the  class  of  1862  there  were 
thirty-eight  graduates.  Considerable  success  attended  an  attempt  to  in- 
crease the  endowment  fund  by  the  sale  of  scholarships  for  $500  each.  In 
1857  the  removal  of  the  seminary  into  Hertzog  Hall,  which  had  just  been 
completed,  afforded  the  college  increased  accommodations  for  recitation 
rooms ;  and  changes  in  the  board  of  trustees  led  to  a  complete  change,  by 
the  introduction  of  younger  men,  in  the  character  of  the  faculty  in  1859 
and  the  following  years.  A  new  professorship  of  English  language  and 
literature  was  created  in  i860.  Two  years  later  Mr.  Frelinghuysen  died, 
universally  regretted,  and  Rev.  Dr.  William  H.  Campbell  was  called  to 
supply  his  place. 

With  Dr.  Campbell's  accession  to  the  presidency  the  college  took  a  new 
departure  in  almost  every  respect.  Although  the  endowment  had  been 
increased  during  Mr.  Frelinghuysen's  term  so  that  it  amounted  to  about 
$75,ooc,  yet  it  did  not  afford  sufficient  means  to  meet  the  salaries  of  the 
professors  and  current  expenses.  The  principal  was  being  consumed.  At 
the  same  time  the  number  of  students,  owing  to  enlistments  in  the  army, 
to  the  distracting  excitement  of  the  Civil  war,  and  to  the  extraordinary 
temptations  to  business  enterprise,  was  diminished  to  nearly  one-half  of  the 
usual  number.  In  the  graduating  class  of  1863  there  were  only  fifteen,  and 
in  that  of  1864  only  eleven. 

The  prospect  was  disheartening,  and  yet  the  president  addressed  himself 


156  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 

boldly  to  the  task  of  begging  money  and  of  selling  limited  scholarships  at 
$100  each.  He  presented  the  claims  of  the  college  in  the  pulpits  of  the 
denomination  and  to  individuals  until  he  raised  for  a  "new  endowment 
fund"  the  sum  of  $144,758.  But  it  is  only  just  to  add  that  this  great  work 
could  never  have  been  accomplished  had  it  not  been  for  the  sympathy  of 
every  heart  and  the  help  of  every  hand  growing  out  of  the  influences  of 
the  preceding  administrations  of  Mr.  Frelinghuysen  and  Mr.  Hasbrouck. 
This  amount  lifted  the  college  up  to  independence,  and  opened  the  way  for 
enlarging  the  course  of  study  by  the  creation  of  new  professorships. 

In  1864  the  trustees  purchased,  by  payment  of  $12,000  to  the  Synod,  the 
entire  right  and  title  of  the  latter  in  the  college  buildings  and  premises,  on 
condition  that  they  should  never  be  used  for  any  other  than  collegiate  pur- 
poses,  and  that  the  President  and  three- fourths  of  the  trustees  shall  always 
be  members  in  full  communion  of  the  Reformed  Church.  And  in  1865  the 
Synod  still  further,  upon  application  of  the  trustees,  formally  abrogated  the 
covenant  relations  of  1807  and  1825.  Thus  Rutgers  College  became  recog- 
nized as  absolutely  independent  and  non-sectarian.  The  fruits  of  the  new 
endowment  now  began  to  be  apparent  in  the  establishment  of  several  new 
professorships.  In  1863  a  new  department,  called  the  Rutgers  Scientific 
School,  was  organized  to  meet  the  demands  for  more  thorough  and  com- 
plete instruction  in  scientific  and  practical  studies. 

The  State  College  of  New  Jersey,  "for  the  benefit  of  agriculture  and  the 
mechanic  arts,"  was  organized  as  a  department  in  Rutgers  College  in  1865 
under  an  act  of  the  Legislature  of  New  Jersey,  passed  April  4,  1864,  and 
was  made  a  part  of  the  scientific  school  already  in  existence.  Its  object 
was  to  carry  into  effect  the  provision  of  an  act  of  Congress  granting  to  the 
several  States  a  certain  quantity  of  the  public  lands  to  enable  them  to  es- 
tablish colleges,  the  leading  object  of  which  shall  be  "to  teach  such  branches 
of  learning  as  are  related  to  agriculture  and  the  mechanic  arts,  in  such 
manner  as  the  Legislatures  of  the  States  may  respectively  prescribe,  in 
ord<±r  to  promote  the  liberal  and  practical  education  of  the  industrial  classes 
in  the  several  pursuits  and  professions  of  life." 

The  sale  of  the  public  lands  allotted  to  New  Jersey  amounted  to  $116,000. 
which  sum  is  invested  in  State  bonds  under  the  care  of  the  State  Treasurer; 
and  the  income,  at  the  rate  of  six  per  cent,  interest,  is  paid  to  the  trustees. 
Much  credit  is  due  to  Dr.  George  H.  Cook,  professor  in  the  college  and  also 
State  Geologist,  for  his  energy  and  influence  in  securing  the  location  of  the 
State  College  erected  at  New  Brunswick  by  these  funds  as  a  part  of  Rut- 
gers College.  This  State  College,  or,  as  it  is  generally  called,  "The  Sci- 
entific School,"  was  opened  for  students  in  1865.  A  farm  of  one  hundred 
acres  was  immediately  purchased  for  the  illustration  and  development  of 
agriculture.  The  school  has  now  ten  professorships,  all  ably  manned  and 
affording  instruction  in  three  courses  of  study;  namely,  one  in  civil  en- 
gineering and  mechanics,  one  in  chemistry  and  agriculture,  and  one  espe- 
cially in  chemistry.  Its  courses  of  study  and  discipline  are  under  the  im- 
mediate management  of  the  faculty  and  trustees  of  Rutgers  College,  subject 
to  the  supervision  and  approval  of  a  board  of  visitors  appointed  by  the 
Governor,  and  consisting  of  two  from  each  Congressional  district.     It  pro- 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  157 

vides  for  the  State  forty  free  scholarships,  which  are  distributed  among  the 
counties  according  to  their  population. 

From  1865  onward,  therefore,  the  history  of  Rutgers  College  is  a  history 
of  both  the  old  college  proper,  or  literary  institution,  and  of  the  State  Col- 
lege, or  Scientific  School.     The   two  are  served  by  the  same  professors; 
their  classes,  though  distinct,  unite  in  many  subjects  in  the  same  recitations, 
and  are  known  by  the  same  designations.     The  interests  of  the  two  depart- 
ments, in  short,  are  made  to  harmonize  with  and  to  aid  each  other.     And 
the  reciprocal  benefits  derived  from  this  intercommunication  and  union  can 
hardly  be  exaggerated.     The  young  men   in  the  literary   department  are 
allowed  to  pursue  practical  chemistry  by  making  actual  analyses  in  the 
laboratory   along   with    the    scientific   students;    and    the    latter,    in    turn, 
compete  with   the   former   in   elocution   and   composition,   in    mental    and 
moral    philosophy,    in   political    economy    and   constitutional    law,    and   in 
Biblical  recitations.     The  scientific  students  are  thus  preserved  from  the 
narrowing  process  of  a  purely  technical  education.     They  do,  indeed,  get 
enough  of  technical  training  to  prepare  them,  when  a  little  experience  has 
been  added  to  their  theoretical  knowledge,  for  entrance  at  once  upon  civil 
engineering  and  analytical  chemistry  and  into  various  mechanical  and  in- 
dustrial spheres ;  but  along  with  this  they  absorb  the  refining  and  liberal- 
izing influences  which  spring  from  the  enlarged  culture  alluded  to  above, 
and  which  it  requires  four  years  to  complete.     In  addition  to  this  the  stu- 
dents of  both  departments  join  the  same  literary  societies,  and  thus  confer 
upon  each  other  all  the  advantages  resulting  from  the  generous  emulation 
and  contact  of  minds  engaged  at  many  points  on  different  subjects,  and 
having  different  objects  of  ambition.     The  happy  effects  of  these  inter- 
acting, stimulating,  and  elevating  associations  are  soon  manifested  in  the 
character  and  aspirations  of  the  entering  pupils.     The  Scientific  College 
has  done  already  a  noble  and  far-reaching  service  in  thus  educating  thor- 
oughly and  symmetrically  all  the  faculties  of  its  students,  while  it  has  not 
failed  to  prepare  them  for  the  highest  kind  of  work  in  practical  science  and 
important  industries. 

In  1866-72  several  new  professorships  were  founded,  namely,  one  of 
analytical  chemistry,  one  of  engineering  and  military  tactics,  one  of  mining 
and  metallurgy,  one  of  political  economy  and  constitutional  law,  and  an 
adjunct  professorship  of  mathematics  and  graphics.  In  1867-68  Hon. 
Joseph  P.  Bradley,  late  Associate  Justice  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States,  gave  a  course  of  lectures  on  Political  Economy  and  Consti- 
tutional Law;  in  1868-69  he  added  a  most  instructive  and  satisfactory 
course  on  the  English  Bible. 

The  religious  influences  belonging  to  the  college  have  always  been 
marked  and  happy,  while  at  the  same  time  entirely  free  from  the  bias  of 
sectarianism.  A  Bible  class  including  all  the  students  is  taught  every  Sab- 
bath morning  by  the  president  or  one  of  the  professors ;  and  this  is  followed 
by  a  sermon,  with  the  attendant  services,  under  the  conduct  of  one  of  the 
clerical  members  of  the  faculty,  or  one  of  the  professors  of  the  Theological 
Seminary.  A  general  prayer  meeting  for  all  the  students  is  held  every  day 
at  12  M.,  and  another  general  meeting  for  the  fraternal  conference  as  well 


158  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 

as  prayer  is  held  on  every  Thursday  evening.     In  addition  to  these  are  class 
prayer  meetings  and  other  exercises  for  practical  religious  work. 

The  celebration  of  the  centennial  of  the  existence  of  the  college  took 
place  in  1870.  By  this  celebration  it  was  designed  to  gain  two  ends:  I. 
To  recount  the  goodness  of  God  in  His  care  for  the  college,  and  to  return 
thanks  for  the  same ;  2.  To  further  in  some  marked  way  and  degree  the 
interests  of  the  college. 

It  was  proposed  to  accomplish  the  second. of  these  objects  by  soliciting 
subscriptions  and  by  the  sale  of  scholarships  at  $1,000  each,  with  the  pro- 
ceeds of  which  needed  buildings  might  be  erected  and  new  professorships 
founded.  Dr.  Campbell  again  undertook  the  work  of  raising  funds.  Sev- 
eral of  the  trustees  nobly  responded  to  his  appeal  by  giving  $5,000  each ; 
and  the  alumni  and  friends,  with  unwonted  enthusiasm  and  unanimity, 
came  forward  with  such  gifts  as  each  could  afford  in  aid  of  the  cause. 
The  president  canvassed  the  churches,  and  sought  help  from  all  who  would 
be  likely  to  be  interested  in  the  welfare  of  the  college.  Under  his  guidance 
committees  were  selected  from  the  former  classes  to  gather  class  offerings, 
and  June  21,  1870,  was  appointed  to  hear  the  reports  from  these  commit- 
tees as  well  as  to  renew  old  associations  and  old  love  for  Alma  Mater. 
This  meeting  was  opened  with  an  historical  discourse  by  Hon.  Joseph  P. 
Bradley,  and  the  reports,  interspersed  with  college  songs,  followed.  Sel- 
dom, if  ever,  has  there  been  held  by  the  alumni  and  friends  of  any  institu- 
tion in  the  land  a  meeting  so  happy  in  feeling  and  so  productive  of  imme- 
diate and  substantial  results  as  this  immense  centennial  gathering  which 
marks  one  of  the  most  memorable  days  in  Rutgers'  calendar.  The  aggre- 
gate of  the  sums  reported  was  large  and  encouraging.  And  so  the  presi- 
dent continued  his  labors  until  $140,000  were  subscribed. 

A  short  time  after  this  Mrs.  S.  A.  Kirkpatrick  died,  leaving  to  the  college 
a  bequest  which  amounted  to  $75,000.  Another  bequest  from  Mr.  Abraham 
Voorhees,  of  Six  Mile  Run,  New  Jersey,  consisting  of  $25,000  for  a  pro- 
fessorship, and  of  $26,400  for  a  permanent  fund  to  be  employed  in  main- 
taining and  educating  pious  young  men  for  the  ministry,  had  been  received 
in  1867.  And  in  1872  Mr.  James  Suydam,  a  trustee  and  a  great  benefactor 
to  New  Brunswick  institutions,  died,  leaving  by  will  $20,000  to  the  college. 
With  tbese  increased  resources  the  college  was  enabled  to  advance  to  the 
very  first  rank  among  American  institutions  by  providing  thorough  instruc- 
tion in  a  much  greater  number  of  subjects  than  were  ever  before  embraced 
in  its  curriculum,  by  increasing  the  requirements  of  applicants  for  admis- 
sion, and  by  erecting  buildings  for  more  ample  and  needed  accommodations. 
Besides,  extensive  repairs  were  made  throughout  the  main  building,  and 
its  two  ends,  which  had  been  used  up  to  1865  and  1867  as  residences  by 
two  theological  professors,  were  converted  into  recitation  rooms ;  and  an 
astronomical  observatory,  a  geological  hall,  the  Kirkpatrick  Chapel  and 
Library  and  a  grammar  school  building  were  all  erected  in  rapid  succes- 
sion. Another  effort  for  the  increase  of  endowment  was  initiated  at  the 
close  of  Dr.  Campbell's  presidency,  which  resulted  in  obtaining,  chiefly 
through  the  efforts  of  Mr.  Samuel  Sloan,  the  sum  of  $50,000. 

The  successor  of  President  Campbell  was  Merrill  Edwards  Gates,  Ph.D., 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  159 

LL.D.,  who  was  inaugurated  June  20,  1882,  and  continued  in  office  until 
September,  1890,  when  he  resigned  to  accept  the  presidency  of  Amherst 
College.  Dr.  Gates  was  born  at  Warsaw,  N.  Y.,  April  6,  1848 ;  was  gradu- 
ated from  Rochester  University  after  receiving  the  highest  honors  in  1870. 
He  immediately  accepted  the  principalship  of  the  Albany  Academy,  which 
position  he  held  during  twelve  years.  Under  his  administration  this  acad- 
emy was  exceptionally  prosperous.  President  Gates  is  eminent  for  scholar- 
ship, literary  culture  and  oratorical  power,  as  well  as  administrative  ability. 
The  period  of  his  presidency  at  Rutgers  was  marked  by  a  high  order  of 
work  by  the  students,  extension  of  the  curriculum  and  an  increase  of  facili- 
ties and  professors.  The  increase  of  the  library  received  special  attention. 
P.  Vanderbilt  Spader,  Esq.,  presented  his  valuable  library  to  the  college. 
The  commodious  agricultural  building  was  erected  by  the  state  on  a  site 
given  by  Mrs.  Catharine  Neilson  and  her  son,  Mr.  James  Neilson.  In 
this  building  the  professors,  supported  by  the  Hatch  fund  of  the  General 
Government,  have  their  laboratories  and  offices.  In  the  last  year  of  Dr. 
Gates's  presidency  (1890)  the  beautiful  and  commodious  Winants  Hall, 
for  a  residence  for  students,  was  built  on  the  college  campus  by  the  liberal- 
ity of  Mr.  Garret  Winants,  of  Bergen  Point,  N.  J. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  college  year  in  September,  1890,  Dr.  Gates  hav- 
ing resigned,  the  committee  on  instruction  and  discipline  placed  the  insti- 
tution in  charge  of  the  senior  professor,  the  Rev.  Theodore  S.  Doolittle, 
D.D.,  until  the  next  meeting  of  the  trustees.  The  board  met  October  28, 
1890,  and  elected  Professor  Doolittle  vice-president,  to  act  as  president 
until  one  should  be  chosen  to  the  office. 

Austin  Scott,  Ph.D.,  LL.D.,  the  present  president  of  the  college,  was 
born  at  Maumee,  near  Toledo,  O.  He  was  graduated  from  Yale  College  in 
1869,  and  spent  the  following  year  at  the  University  of  Michigan,  from 
which  he  received  the  master's  degree  on  examination  and  presentation  of 
a  thesis.  The  next  three  years  were  spent  at  the  universities  of  Berlin  and 
Leipzig,  from  the  latter  of  which  he  received  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  on  ex- 
amination and  presentation  of  a  thesis.  He  was  during  the  same  time 
engaged  with  Mr.  George  Bancroft  in  the  preparation  of  the  tenth  volume 
of  his  "History  of  the  United  States."  In  1872  he  negotiated  the  printing 
of  the  Geneva  Award  Case  at  Leipsic,  and  was  bearer  of  dispatches  to 
Washington  containing  the  decision  of  the  German  Emperor  as  arbitrator 
in  the  dispute  between  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain  over  the  North- 
western boundary. 

From  1873  to  1875  Dr.  Scott  was  an  instructor  in  the  German  language 
in  the  University  of  Michigan.  From  1875  to  1881  he  was  engaged  in  col- 
lecting and  arranging  the  materials  for  Mr.  Bancroft's  "History  of  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States."  At  the  same  time  he  was  associate 
in  history  in  the  Johns  Hopkins  University,  organizing  in  it  a  seminary  of 
American  History  and  conducting  its  work  from  1876  to  1882.  In  1883 
he  was  made  professor  of  history,  political  economy  and  constitutional  law 
in  Rutgers,  and  on  the  25th  of  November,  1890,  he  was  elected  to  the  presi- 
dency of  the  college. 

He  has  since  that  time  been  conducting  the  affairs  of  the  college  with 


i6o 


THE    REFORMED     CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 


great  wisdom  and  energy,  and  its  work  has  never  been  performed  more 
successfully  than  at  the  present  time.  During  his  administration  a  change 
has  been  made  in  the  constitution  of  the  board  of  trustees  whereby  two- 
thirds  of  the  number,  exclusive  of  the  trustees  ex  officio,  must  be  com- 
municant-; in  the  Reformed  (Dutch)  Church,  instead  of  three-fourths  of 
the  whole  number.  The  teaching  of  the  English  Bible  has  been  intro- 
duced into  the  curriculum.  College  extension  has  been  introduced 
and  is  carried  on  with  great  success.  By  arrangement  with  the 
theological  school  the  degree  of  bachelor  of  divinity  is  given  to  students  of 
that  institution  who  on  graduating  present  certificates  from  its  faculty 
that  they  have  pursued  special  studies  in  some  one  department  under  the 
direction  of  the  professor  in  that  department  during  two  years,  and  have 
successfully  passed  the  required  examinations  and  presented  theses  that 
have  been  accepted. 

The  president's  house,  having  become  undesirable  as  a  residence  on 
account  of  its  proximity  to  the  railway  station,  has  been  converted  into 
the  fine  arts  building.  Van  Nest  Hall  has  been  improved,  chiefly  by  the 
liberality  of  Mrs.  Ann  Bussing,  of  New  York  City.  A  stone  wall  has 
been  built  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  campus,  by  the  liberality  of  George 
Buckham.  L.H.D.,  of  New  York  City,  a  graduate  of  the  class  of  1832.  The 
house  and  lot  adjoining  the  preparatory  school  building  has,  by  generous 
contributions  from  friends  of  the  college,  been  purchased  for  the  accommo- 
dation of  the  younger  scholars.  A  splendid  and  thoroughly  equipped  gym- 
nasium has  been  built,  by  the  liberality  of  the  trustee,  Robert  F.  Ballantine, 
of  Newark,  N.  J.,  on  ground  given  for  the  purpose  by  James  Neilson,  also 
a  trustee.  It  is  in  charge  of  a  competent  instructor  in  physical  training. 
Also,  by  the  liberality  of  Mr.  Neilson,  the  students  have  the  use  of  the 
spacious  Neilson  field  for  athletic  sports  and  exercises. 

In  order  to  carry  out  their  plans  for  the  increased  efficiency  of  the 
college  the  trustees  need  a  large  addition  to  their  funds,  and  for  this  they 
are  at  the  present  time  appealing  to  the  friends  of  the  institution. 

Rutgers  College  is  not  a  sectarian  institution,  though  its  spirit  and  influ- 
ence are  decidedly  favorable  to  evangelical  Christianity.  It  was  chartered 
originally  for  the  purpose  of  preparing  young  men  for  the  ministry  in  the 
Reformed  Dutch  Church,  and  so  a  professorship  of  divinity  was  a  most 
prominent  provision.  But  the  church  preferred  to  establish  its  school  of 
theology  independent  of  all  literary  institutions.  So  it  has  come  to  pass 
that  the  college  has  confined  itself  to  instruction  given  in  the  studies  that 
properly  belong  to  the  curriculum  of  every  college  of  arts  and  sciences. 
By  its  charter  its  president  is  required  to  be  a  member  of  the  Reformed 
(Dutch)  Church,  and  by  agreement  with  the  General  Synod  two-thirds  of 
the  trustees  are  required  to  be  communicants  in  said  denomination.  So  far 
it  is  denominational.  But  it  is  not  under  the  direction  and  control  of  any 
ecclesiastical  body.  Among  the  students  are  found  men  of  all  denomina- 
tions, and  men  outside  of  all  denominations.  And  they  find  no  fault  with 
the  salutary  religious  influence  of  the  college.  Besides  daily  prayers,  pub- 
lic services  are  held  in  the  chapel  every  Lord's  day  morning,  conducted  by 
the  ministerial  members  of  the  faculty  and  professors  in   the   theological 


w 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  l6l 

school.  A  weekly  Bible  class  is  maintained,  and  students  have  their  prayer 
meetings  and  other  religious  agencies.  Invested  funds  are  held  and  ad- 
ministered by  the  trustees  to  the  amount  of  more  than  $50,000  to  aid 
indigent  students  while  pursuing  studies  preparatory  to  the  ministry  of  the 
Reformed  (Dutch)  Church.  The  college  has  for  many  years  been  the 
chief  feeder  to  the  theological  school,  furnishing  a  large  majority  of  its 
students. 

For  accounts  in  detail  of  the  rich  collection  of  minerals,  shells,  coins 
and  objects  from  natural  history;  of  the  library,  containing  40,000  volumes 
and  urgently  needing  a  new  and  more  commodious  building;  of  fine  art 
collections  and  of  the  literary  societies,  readers  are  referred  to  the  admir- 
able history  of  the  institution  prepared  by  the  late  Professor  Doolittle  for 
the  third  edition  of  Corwin's  Manual  (1879)  of  the  Reformed  Church  in 
America  and  to  the  annual  catalogue  of  the  college. 


lrThis  article  is  based  on  the  article  by  Dr.  Doolittle  in  the  third  edition  of 
this  "Manual,"  1879,  with  modifications  and  additions  from  Dr.  D.  D.  Dem- 
arest's  article  on  Rutgers  College  in  Dr.  David  Murray's  "History  of  Educa- 
tion in  New  Jersey,"  1899.  The  article  in  the  second  edition  of  the  "Manual," 
1869,  was  by  Rev.  William  H.  Phraner,  then  of  East  Millstone,  N.  J.  The 
Centennial  Historical  Discourse  by  Hon.  Joseph  P.  Bradley  was  in  1870. 

2Hon.  Charles  Winfield,  in  his  history  of  Hudson  County,  N.  J.,  was  the  first 
to  refer  to  this  notice.  Drs.  Corwin  and  D.  D.  Demarest  actually  found  it  in 
the  library  of  the  New  York  Historical  Society  in  1884.  It  is  republished  in 
"Centennial"  of  New  Brunswick  Seminary,  p.  332. 

8See  Covenant  of  1807  in  "New  Brunswick  Centennial,"  p.  363. 

4The  architect  was  Major  L'Enfant,  who  laid  out  also  the  city  of  Washing- 
ton, D.  C. 

6See  "Historical  Sketch  of  Columbia  College,"  1876,  p.  148;  Medical  Legisla- 
tion in  New  York  Legislature,  1826-7;  Dr.  Hoosack's  Inaugural  Discourse  at 
the  Opening  of  the  Medical  Department  of  Rutgers  College  in  New  York  City, 
1826;  Dr.  D.  D.  Demarest's  "Rutgers  (Queens)  College  and  Medical  Degrees," 
1894. 

"See  "Centennial"  of  New  Brunswick  Seminary,  p.  365. 

7See  Sketch  of  Rutgers  Family  in  New  York  "Genealogical  and  Biographical 
Record,"  1886,  vol.   17,  p.  82. 

8See  modifications  of  Covenant,  1839,  1840,  in  New  Brunswick  Seminar* 
"Centennial,"  pp.  365,  366. 


l62  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 


CHAPTER  XII. 

THE  THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY  AT  NEW  BRUNSWICK,  N.  J. 

(17S4— 1901). 

The  desire  to  educate  young  men  for  the  ministry  in  this  country  was 
the  cause  of  an  unhappy  strife.  The  church  had  been  accustomed  to  re- 
ceive most  of  her  ministers  from  Europe.  In  1658  the  first  young  man 
went  from  this  country  to  Holland  to  be  educated  and  ordained.  The 
number  who  took  this  trouble  was  comparatively  few.  There  were  not 
more  than  a  dozen  up  to  the  year  1770.1  Prior  to  that  date  about  seventy 
ministers  had  come  to  America  to  officiate  in  the  Hollandish  branch  of  the 
Reformed  Church  and  about  the  same  number  to  officiate  in  the  German 
branch.  The  Ccetus  and  the  American  Classis  during  their  day  (1747-71) 
licensed  fourteen  young  men2  to  preach  the  Gospel,  while  the  Conferentie 
licensed  but  a  single  one.8  Tesschenmaeker  had  been  ordained  by  the  min- 
isters here  as  early  as  1679  without  ecclesiastical  permission,  and  perhaps 
Van  Vleck  by  Freeman  in  1710;  but  Boehm  in  1729  and  Schuyler  in  1736 
by  special  permission  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  This  stimulated  the 
desire  for  an  American  judicatory,  asked  for  the  next  year.  John  H.  Goet- 
sc.hius  had  been  ordained  in  1741  on  individual  responsibility  (Goetschius. 
J.  H.),  but  reordained  in  1748  by  order  of  Classis;  while  John  van  Dries- 
sen  had  gone  to  New  Haven  for  ordination  as  early  as  1727.  Morgan  had 
officiated  at  Freehold  (1709-1731)  for  the  Dutch  in  connection  with  a 
Scotch  Presbyterian  church,  he  remaining  a  member  of  the  Presbytery  of 
Philadelphia.  The  young  men  who  had  studied  in  this  country  previous 
to  1770  had  found  their  preceptors  chiefly  in  Erickzon,  the  Frelinghuysens, 
Goetschius,  Leydt.  Hardenbergh  and  Westerlo.  Ritzema  and  Kails  were 
the  preceptors  of  the  only  Conferentie  student.  Fryenmoet  had  been  or- 
dained by  Mancius  in  1741,  but  reordained  by  order  of  Classis  in  1744.  In 
each  case  of  licensure  in  this  country  special  permission  was  required  from 
the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.     These  applications  also  were  sometimes  refused. 

But  while  the  Coetus  party  was  struggling  for  independent  American 
judicatories  and  contemplating  the  formation  of  regular  educational  institu- 
tions, their  opponents  were  seeking  to  secure  a  Divinity  Professorship  in 
Kings  (Columbia')  College.  An  amendment  to  the  charter  of  that  insti- 
tution for  this  purpose  was  at  length  secured,  but  under  such  circum- 
stances that  it  was  at  once  repudiated  by  the  Dutch.  About  the  same  time 
(May,  1755)  Rev.  Theodore  Frelinghuysen  was  commissioned  to  go  to 
Holland  to  solicit  funds  for  the  founding  of  a  university.  Success  was 
expected  inasmuch  as  Schlatter  had  been  very  successful  in  behalf  of  the 
German  churches  in   Pennsylvania.     His  departure  was  delayed  for  four 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  163 

years  and  then  his  mission,  owing  chiefly  to  the  schism  in  the  church,  was 
unproductive. 

Eight  years  later,  when  Mr.  J.  H.  Livingston  was  in  Holland  preparing 
for  the  ministry,  he  proposed  to  his  friends  in  America  that  both  contend- 
ing parties  should  fix  on  some  poor  but  sprightly  boy  and  send  him  to 
Holland  to  be  specially  trained  for  a  professor  in  the  American  churches 
(liberal  friends  in  Holland  promising  to  defray  the  expenses),  and  thus, 
ultimately,  perhaps  the  schism  might  be  healed  and  the  churches  here  sup- 
plied with  a  satisfactory  ministry. 

But  soon  after  this  he  formed  the  acquaintance  of  Dr.  Witherspoon,  who 
been  called  from  Great  Britain  to  take  the  presidency  of  the  college  at 
Princeton  and  who  visited  Holland  before  embarking  for  America.  At- 
tempts were  now  made  to  secure  arrangements  for  the  education  of  a 
ministry  for  the  Reformed  Church  at  the  Princeton  institutions,  but  the 
party  leaders  in  America  objecting  to  the  proposition,  the  plan  failed. 

At  length,  when  a  union  of  the  two  parties  was  effected,  one  of  the  articles 
of  union  expressly  stipulated  that  one  or  more  professors  of  Theology 
should  be  chosen  from  the  Netherlands  by  the  advice  of  the  Classis.  An- 
other article,  apparently  added  as  an  amendment,  stipulated  that  such  pro- 
fessors should  have  no  connection  with  any  English  academies,  but  should 
deliver  lectures  on  theology,  etc..  in  their  own  houses*  This  expression 
was  intended  to  destroy  every  thought  of  union  with  the  Princeton  insti- 
tutions and  with  Kings  College,  as  a  professorship  in  either  of  these  would 
necessarily  have  had  a  partisan  appearance.  Neither  of  these  institutions, 
and  not  even  Queens,  is  mentioned  by  name  in  the  articles  of  union.  Yet 
young  men  were  only  to  begin  their  theological  studies  upon  the  presenta- 
tion of  suitable  testimonials  of  a  liberal  education. 

A.s  the  Synod  had  no  funds,  no  immediate  steps  were  taken  by  it  to  call 
a  professor.  Some  of  the  principal  churches  in  the  North  yet  standing 
aloof  from  the  union,  it  was  feared  that  premature  action  might  endanger 
the  prospects  of  the  theological  endowment.  The  disturbed  political  con- 
dition of  the  country  also  made  it  impossible  to  proceed,  so  that  the  pro- 
fessorship was  not  really  established  till  the  close  of  the  Revolution.  In 
the  meantime  Synod  advised  students  to  study  at  their  own  convenience 
with  Drs.  Livingston,  Westerlo,  Rysdyck,  Hardenbergh  or  Goetschius. 
During  this  period  only  thirteen  students  were  licensed  or  passed  into  the 
ministry.5 

But  while  the  subject  of  the  professorship  was  thus  pending  the  trustees 
of  Queens  College  sought  to  carry  out  the  plans  of  the  Coetus  party  by 
calling  Rev.  John  Brown,  of  Haddington,  Scotland,  to  become  their  Pro- 
fessor of  Divinity.  He,  however,  declined.  Their  funds  soon  after  this 
(1772)  reached  the  sum  of  £4,000.  They  subsequently  wrote  to  the  Classis 
of  Amsterdam  and  to  the  Theological  Faculty  at  Utrecht  to  recommend 
to  them  a  Professor  of  Theology  to  be  also  president  of  their  college  and 
a  member  of  the  ecclesiastical  judicatories  in  America.  The  Synod  now1 
ventured  (1773)  to  indorse  this  action  of  the  trustees  (though  trenching 
closely  on  the  articles  of  union)  virtually  promising  to  accept  their  pro- 
fessor if  their  plans  should  succeed.     The  Synod  also  now  wrote  to  the 


164  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 

Classis  concerning  their  action,  at  the  same  time  promising  the  trustees  to 
help  them  in  securing  funds  from  the  churches,  but  binding  the  trustees,  by 
the  forfeiture  of  their  funds  to  certain  congregations  to  be  named,  that  their 
Professor  of  Divinity  should  belonged  to  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church,  in 
fellowship  with  the  Church  of  the  Netherlands.  The  Classis  responded  to 
the  communications  of  both  Synod  and  the  trustees,  asking  for  further  in- 
formation. Probably  this  attempted  union  made  them  suspect  the  existence 
of  party  spirit  yet  surviving.  The  Synod  also  betrays  anxiety  lest  their 
conduct,  in  the  expressive  language  of  their  own  minutes,  should  be  over- 
hauled. The  next  year,  however,  the  Classis,  with  the  concurrence  of  the 
Theological  Faculty  at  Utrecht,  recommended  their  last  American  student, 
Dr.  Livingston,  as  the  professor.  But  the  battle  of  Lexington  had  already 
been  fought  and  the  subject  was  delayed  until  the  close  of  the  Revolution. 

UNENDOWED  PROFESSORSHIPS. 

At  the  close  of  the  Revolution  the  subject  of  the  professorship  at  once 
occupied  the  attention  of  the  churches.  Dr.  Livingston  was  in  favor  of 
having  a  Divinity  Hall  opened  in  New  Brunswick,  because  it  was  the  most 
central  place  for  all  portions  of  the  Reformed  Church — the  Dutch  in  New 
York  and  New  Jersey  and  the  Germans  in  Pennsylvania.  The  idea  of  a 
professorship  in  Columbia  College  he  considered  unwise;  he  would  have 
cordially  indorsed  a  union  with  the  Princeton  institutions,  but  believed  that 
prejudices  were  too  strong  to  effect  it.  He  expressed  the  ardent  wish  that 
all  the  churches  of  the  Reformed  Faith  might  be  united  in  one  grand 
national  body;  he  believed  it  to  be  practicable  and  that  it  would  ultimately 
be  accomplished. 

But  the  trustees  of  Queens  College  now  found  themselves  without  funds. 
They  sought  again  the  patronage  of  the  church,  but  the  Synod  felt  inclined 
to  postpone  the  consideration  of  their  proposals.  The  Legislature  of  New 
York  had  just  passed  an  act  relative  to  the  establishment  of  a  university 
and  it  was  thought  best  to  wait  for  further  developments.  The  church  of 
Schenectady  solicited  the  establishment  of  a  seminary  in  that  place,  while 
Hackensack  put  in  a  similar  plea,  especially  if  the  college  should  be  re- 
moved from  New  Brunswick.  The  Synod  also  now  believed  that  the  Theo- 
logical Professorship  would  and  ought  to  exist  alone,  without  connection 
with  any  college.  Yet  they  felt  under  obligation,  since  the  institution  at 
New  Brunswick  had  been  partially  received  under  their  care,  that  it  should 
have  their  influence  in  reference  to  an  endowment  and  exhorted  the  trustees 
to  keep  it  alive.  They  also  encouraged  the  proposition  from  Schenectady, 
believing  that  a  college  there  would  not  conflict  with  the  institution  at  New 
Brunswick,  and  appointed  a  committee  to  assist  in  its  formation.  (Union 
College.)  But  they  resolved  that  their  Theological  Professor  should  reside 
in  New  York  and  requested  the  consistory  of  the  church  in  that  city  to  make 
the  best  arrangement  possible  with  him. 

In  October,  1784,  Dr.  J.  H.  Livingston  was  chosen  Professor  of  Theology 
by  the  provisional  Synod  then  existing,  and  Dr.  H.  Meyer,  pastor  at  Totowa 
and  Pompton  Plains,   Professor  of  Languages.     No  student  could  be  ad- 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA.  165 

mitted  to  examination  for  licensure  without  producing  a  certificate  from 
Dr.  Livingston,  and  for  which,  as  a  suitable  honorarium,  he  was  to  receive 
five  pounds.  The  church  of  New  York  was  requested  to  relieve  the  pro- 
fessor of  part  of  his  services,  but  this  was  not  done  until  twelve  years 
later.  Dr.  Livingston  assumed  his  position  on  the  nineteenth  day  of  May, 
1785,  by  delivering  a  learned  and  elegant  address  in  Latin  on  The  Truth 
of  the  Christian  Religion  in  the  church  in  Garden  Street.6 

But  the  expense  of  living  in  the  city  was  too  great  for  many  of  the  stu- 
dents and  some  therefore  continued  to  prosecute  their  studies  under  their 
own  pastors  or  other  ministers.  This  compelled  the  Synod  two  years  after 
the  appointment  of  their  professor  (1786)  to  appoint  a  suitable  Lector  in 
Theology  and  all  were  exhorted  to  seek  instruction  from  the  Professor  or 
Lector.     Dr.  Meyer,  of  Pompton  Plains,  was  appointed  also  to  this  station. 

In  May,  1791,  for  the  first,  the  Synod  took  active  measures  to  attempt  to 
raise  a  fund  for  the  support  of  the  professor.  He  had  as  yet  received  only 
a  few  honoraria  from  students  who  were  able  to  pay,  and  the  Synod  had 
paid  the  same  for  a  few  others.7  It  was  therefore  proposed  that  a  subscrip- 
tion should  be  circulated  through  the  congregations,  that  the  money  should 
be  paid  semi-annually  in  six  installments  and  should  be  deposited  as  a 
capital  fund  in  the  Bank  of  New  York  or  some  national  bank,  and  that  it 
should  be  allowed  to  accumulate  till  a  sufficient  fund  were  procured.  Mr. 
Peter  Wilson,  of  New  York,  was  made  the  agent  to  receive  the  funds  and 
the  consistory  of  the  church  in  New  York  were  made  the  trustees  of  the 
same.  This  action  alarmed  the  trustees  of  Queens  College  (October,  1791) 
and  again  they  zealously  urged  their  institution  on  the  attention  of  the 
Synod  and  secured  a  postponement  of  the  above  action.  They  requested  the 
Synod  to  recommend  to  them  some  Professor  of  Theology  to  be  also  Presi- 
dent of  their  college,  in  agreement  with  the  expectations  excited  in  1773. 
A  committee  was  appointed  to  confer  with  them  in  reference  to  the  best 
method  of  raising  funds,  but  the  Synod  declined  for  the  present  to  recom- 
mend a  Theological  Professor  to  them  till  their  institution  was  properly 
endowed.  The  next  year  (1792)  two  new  Lectors  in  Theology  were  ap- 
pointed for  the  convenience  and  economy  of  the  students ;  namely,  Solomon 
Froeligh,  at  Hackensack,  and  Dirck  Romeyn,  at  Schenectady. 

In  1793  the  Synod  was  greatly  offended  because  the  trustees  of  Queens 
College  had  made  propositions  to  the  trustees  of  the  college  at  Princeton 
without  consulting  with  the  Synod  to  unite  with  them.  They  therefore 
directed  that  any  ministers  having  funds  in  hand  for  Queens  College  should 
reserve  them  till  further  directed  and  all  action  for  the  endowment  of  a 
Theological  Professor  in  that  institution  was  for  the  present  suspended. 
The  Classis  of  Hackensack  also  now  complained  that  the  Synodical  Pro- 
fessorship had  been  constantly  interfered  with  through  the  distraction 
occasioned  by  the  propositions  of  the  trustees  and  that  if  a  Professorship 
of  Theology  were  established  in  that  institution  it  would  be  only  a  subordi- 
nate office.  They  urged  the  Synod  to  establish  a  professorial  school  at  once 
and  have  a  professor  to  devote  his  whole  time  to  it  alone.  The  Synod 
agreed  with  the  Classis  of  Hackensack  and  lamented  that  various  adverse 
circumstances  had  frustrated  their  plans  from  time  to  time.     They  there- 


l66  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

fore  now  determined  to  renew  their  efforts  to  endow  an  independent  Theo- 
logical Professorship  (1793),  which  efforts  had  been  suspended  for  two 
years  and  a  half,  in  behalf  of  the  trustees  of  Queens  College. 

At  the  first  meeting  of  the  newly  constituted  General  Synod  in  June, 
1794,  a  committee  was  appointed  to  report  during  the  session  on  this  sub- 
ject. Revs.  D.  Romeyn,  S.  Froeligh  and  E.  van  Bunschooten  were  the 
committee  with  three  elders.  They  reported  that  no  union  could  be  effected 
with  Queens  College  as  long  as  it  was  situated  at  New  Brunswick,  that  it 
ought  to  be  removed  to  Bergen  or  Hackensack  and  a  committee  was  ap- 
pointed to  confer  with  the  trustees  on  this  subject.  But  at  the  same  time 
they  reported  that  the  Divinity  School  could  not  flourish  in  New  York  on 
account  of  the  price  of  living;  that  its  continuance  there  prevented  the  col- 
lection of  a  fund ;  that  the  professor  ought  to  remove  to  Flatbush,  where  a 
classical  academy  already  existed,  or  to  some  other  convenient  place.  The 
Consistory  of  the  church  in  New  York  were  again  asked  to  relieve  the  pro- 
fessor of  some  of  his  duties  and  to  make  a  just  and  equitable  arrangement 
with  him.  The  Synod  also  promised  to  urge  on  the  matter  of  the  fund 
as  fast  as  possible.  They  now  requested  Peter  Wilson,  John  Vanderbilt, 
Robert  Benson  and  Richard  Varick  to  become  the  trustees  of  said  fund, 
instead  of  the  New  York  consistory,  the  Synod  having  no  corporate  exist- 
ence. They,  moreover,  now  permitted  the  moneys  which  had  been  col- 
lected for  Queens  College  to  be  paid  over  to  the  trustees,  as  all  thought 
of  coalition  with  Princeton  College  was  abandoned.  If  the  trustees  should 
become  willing  to  move  the  location  of  their  college  within  three  months  the 
committee  appointed  to  confer  with  them  were  empowered  to  call  an  extra 
meeting  of  the  Synod.  A  copy  of  the  action  of  1794  was  sent  to  every 
church. 

Owing,  probably,  to  difficulties  in  making  the  necessary  arrangements 
with  his  consistory,  Professor  Livingston  did  not  remove  to  Flatbush  till 
the  spring  of  1796,  relinquishing  half  of  his  services  and  half  of  his  salary 
in  the  city  and  receiving  nothing  in  return.  He  spent  four  days  at  Flat- 
bush every  week,  preaching  in  the  city  each  Sabbath.  The  number  of  his 
students  at  once  doubled.     Everything  appeared  to  be  encouraging. 

But  in  October,  1796,  owing  to  the  apparent  lack  of  earnest  efforts  to 
endow  the  professorship,  the  professor  sent  a  desponding  letter  to  the 
Particular  Synod,  which  was  the  continuation  of  the  old  Provisional  Synod 
which  had  elected  him  in  1784.  He  reviews  the  history,  stating  that  our 
churches  in  America,  as  in  Europe,  felt  the  importance  of  an  educated 
ministry,  that  they  were  the  first  which  contemplated  a  Theological  Institu- 
tion and  that  with  perseverance  they  might  now  have  had  a  respectable 
establishment.  Other  churches  were  waiting  to  see  our  success.  The 
principal  article  of  union  in  1771  was  the  establishment  of  a  Theological 
Professorship,  which  they  had  promised  the  mother  church,  as  one  of  the 
terms  of  independence,  should  be  at  once  attended  to.  The  plan  had  been 
maturely  organized  in  1789,  and  Synod  solemnly  pledged  to  support  the 
institution.  It  was  believed  the  establishment  ought  to  exist  without  con- 
nection with  any  college ;  and  constant  action,  though  in  vain,  had  been 
taken  concerning  its  endowment.     He  stated  that  from  a  sense  of  duty  he 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  167 

had  now,  at  the  request  of  Synod  for  twelve  years,  added  these  cares  to  his 
pastoral  labors,  even  to  the  injury  of  his  health,  in  hopes  of  a  respectable 
result.  He  had  left  the  city  at  the  price  of  half  his  salary  to  please  the 
Synod.  But  the  Particular  Synod  of  May,  1796,  to  which  he  had  reported 
his  removal,  had  not  even  passed  an  approving  resolution,  much  less  had 
taken  any  decisive  steps  to  carry  into  effect  the  action  of  General  Synod  of 
1794.  The  professorate  had  therefore  been  forsaken  and  received  no 
countenance  from  Synod.  He  feared  that  the  church  now  did  not  honestly 
intend  to  have  any  such  institution,  whatever  had  been  the  intention  in  1771. 
He  declared  his  great  anxiety  on  this  matter,  for  no  personal  reasons,  but 
for  the  good  of  the  church,  and  that  he  as  an  individual  could  not  struggle 
much  longer  alone  amid  all  the  discouragements  which  arise  from  public 
neglect.  He  declared  his  convictions  that  as  long  as  he  by  his  private 
exertions  continued  thus  to  supply  the  necessities  of  the  church  no  results 
would  be  accomplished,  that  the  institution  could  not  long  live  under 
present  arrangements  and  therefore  he  thought  that  if  this  (Particular) 
Synod  deemed  it  improper  to  do  anything  it  were  better  for  him  to  dis- 
continue his  lectures. 

Such  a  proposition  alarmed  this  Synod  and  they  resolved  at  once  to 
carry  out  the  propositions  of  the  General  Synod  of  1794.  They  ordered  a 
subscription  paper  to  be  printed,  accompanied  by  a  circular  letter  in  the 
name  of  the  General  Synod  to  be  sent  to  every  church,  while  they  earnestly 
requested  the  professor  to  continue  his  labors.8 

But  the  policy  of  General  Synod  now  proved  to  be  wavering.  The  next 
June  (1797)  they  unexpectedly  and  strangely  determined  that  it  was  not 
expedient  to  press  these  matters  at  present.  Financial  difficulties,  growing 
out  of  the  revolutions  in  Europe,  may  have  been  the  cause.  They  there- 
fore thanked  the  professor  for  his  gratuitous  services  and  declared  that  it 
would  be  highly  acceptable  if,  under  all  these  discouragements,  he  would 
continue  to  discharge  the  duties  of  his  office.  And  as  it  was  exceedingly 
inconvenient  for  all  students  to  get  the  certificate  of  the  one  professor  and 
as  different  localities  would  become  interested  by  a  professor  residing  in 
them,  the  General  Synod  now  (1797)  made  the  Lectors  of  1792  (Drs. 
Froeligh  and  Romeyn)  full  professors.  The  professors  were  requested  to 
accept  of  £10  from  each  student,  or,  where  the  students  could  not  pay, 
Synod  would  do  it  for  them.  Dr.  Livingston  accordingly  relinquished  his 
school  at  Flatbush  and  returned  to  the  full  duties  of  his  parochial  charge, 
teaching  meantime  as  before. 

In  May,  1799,  the  Particular  Synod — forgetting,  apparently,  that  its 
powers  were  not  as  great  as  before  the  constitution  of  General  Synod,  to 
which  body  alone  by  the  Constitution  of  1792  appertained  the  appointment 
of  professors — appointed  Drs.  Froeligh,  Bassett  and  G.  A.  Kuypers  teachers 
in  the  Hebrew  language.  This  may  have  helped  to  develop  the  Church 
Order  in  1800  by  the  division  of  this  old  Synod  into  two  Particular  Synods 
of  New  York  and  Albany. 

In  1800  a  committee  of  one  minister  and  one  elder  from  each  Classis 
was  appointed  to  collect  all  the  acts  on  this  subject  and  report  what  meas- 
ures were  necessary  to  render  the  professorship  respectable  and  useful. 


l68  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 

It  was  now  proposed  that  the  sum  of  two  shillings  be  laid  on  every  church 
member  annually  for  six  years  and  that  collectors  be  appointed  and  receive 
five  per  cent,  for  their  trouble,  and  that  the  Questor  of  jthe  General  Synod 
should  take  charge  of  the  funds. 

But  experience  soon  decided  that  the  action  of  1797  was  bad.  The  good 
effects  anticipated  did  not  appear.  It  also  now  came  );o  be  understood  that 
Dr.  Livingston  held  his  office  only  by  the  appointment  of  the  old  Pro- 
visional Synod  (1784)  and  that  the  two  professors  of  1797  held  theirs  by 
the  appointment  of  the  General  Synod.  It  was  therefore  determined  to 
bring  back  the  institution  to  its  former  state.  It  was  therefore  declared 
that  the  election  of  the  two  additional  professors  in  1797  was  a  mere  tem- 
porary expedient  to  meet  certain  circumstances  which  then  existed  and  that 
these  professors  should  continue  to  possess  the  honors  and  emoluments  of 
their  offices  during  their  lives  or  good  behavior,  but  should  have  no  suc- 
cessors ;  that  the  advantages  of  an  education  in  a  city  like  New  York  out- 
weighed all  other  considerations  and  therefore  that  the  city  was  the  most 
eligible  place  in  which  to  establish  a  Theological  School.  The  Consistory 
of  the  church  of  New  York  also  reminded  the  General  Synod  that  by  the 
charter  of  Columbia  College  they  had  a  right  to  appoint  a  Theological 
Professor  in  that  institution  and  that  thus  support,  honor,  and  permanency 
might  be  afforded  the  professor  and  the  establishment  put  on  a  solid  foun- 
dation, but  Dr.  Livingston  was  now  elected  by  the  General  Synod  (1804) 
its  one  Permanent  Professor.  Thus  it  was  thought  the  professorial  en- 
dowment would  be  sooner  realized.  The  Consistory  of  the  church  of  New 
York  were  again  appointed  the  trustees  of  the  funds  which  might  be 
raised,  but  Synod  declined  to  blend  their  Theological  Professorate  with 
any  establishment  not  derived  from  the  immediate  authority  of  the  Nether- 
lands Reformed  Church.  Two  Professors  of  Hebrew  were  also  now  ap- 
pointed (1804)  ;  namely,  Revs.  John  Bassett  and  Jeremiah  Romeyn.  Stu- 
dents desiring  to  be  examined  by  Classis  for  licensure  must  also  have  a 
certificate  of  lingual  attainments  signed  by  one  of  these.  The  Professors 
of  Hebrew  appointed  by  the  Particular  Synod  in  1799  were  now  dis- 
allowed by  the  refusal  of  the  Synod  to  permit  their  certificates  to  be 
honored.9 

In  1806  three  ministers  were  elected  from  each  Classis  to  obtain  subscrip- 
tions and  collect  moneys  for  the  permanent  professorial  fund.  But  every 
expedient  seemed  to  be  unavailing.  The  resolutions  and  plans  of  the  Synod 
seemed  to  be  futile.  The  uncertainty  of  location  seemed  to  destroy  every 
effort.  The  prospects  grew  faint  and  dubious.  The  most  sanguine  friends 
of  the  professorate  were  ready  to  despair  concerning  it. 

But  at  this  juncture,  after  thirteen  years'  interruption,  the  trustees  of 
Queens  College  made  a  proposition  which  prepared  the  way  for  the  ultimate 
success  of  the  Theological  Professorship.  They  were  now  excited  to 
revive  their  college  and  to  make  it  especially  subservient  to  the  Professorate 
of  Theology — in  short,  to  unite  this  professorate  and  the  college.  The 
trustees  applied  first  to  the  Particular  Synod  of  New  York,  which  approved 
and  recommended  the  plan,  providing  that  all  the  moneys  raised  in  the 
State  of  New  York  should  be  applied  to  the  endowment  of  a  Theological 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  169 

Professorship.  General  Synod  sanctioned  the  revival  of  the  college  and 
the  proposed  union. 

A  covenant10  was  then  drawn  up  between  the  parties  (1807)  in  which 
the  trustees  promised  to  combine  the  literary  interests  of  the  college  with 
a  decided  support  to  evangelical  truth  and  the  promotion  of  an  able  and 
faithful  ministry  in  the  Dutch  Church ;  that  the  funds  raised  in  New  York 
should  be  appropriated  to  the  support  of  a  Theological  Professorship  in  the 
college  and  to  the  assistance  of  poor  and  pious  young  men  preparing  for 
the  ministry ;  that  the  trustees  should  hold  the  funds  for  the  Theological 
Professorship  and  should  call  the  professor  elected  by  Synod  as  soon  as 
their  funds  would  allow ;  that  a  permanent  Board  of  Superintendents  should 
be  appointed  by  the  Synod  to  superintend  the  Theological  Institution,  to  aid 
the  professor  in  arranging  the  course  of  instruction,  to  attend  the  examina- 
tion of  students  in  theology,  to  be  known  by  the  name  of  "The  Superin- 
tendents of  the  Theological  Institution  in  Queens  College;"  that  the  Synod 
should  provide  money  for  a  library ;  and  both  parties  were  to  unite  in  erect- 
ing the  necessary  buildings — money,  if  needed  for  this  purpose,  to  be  taken 
from  the  professorial  fund. 

Synod  now  enjoined  collections  to  be  taken  up  in  all  their  churches  in 
the  State  of  New  York,  to  help  in  the  erection  of  the  necessary  buildings. 
It  was  resolved  that  the  Board  of  Superintendents  consist  of  nine  members, 
three  to  be  taken  from  each  Particular  Synod  and  three  from  the  clerical 
members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

The  efforts  to  collect  funds  by  the  trustees  were  crowned  with  unex- 
pected success.  The  church  of  New  York  at  once  gave  $10,000  and  the 
church  of  Harlem  $400. 

In  less  than  a  year  the  trustees  called  Dr.  Livingston  as  their  Professor 
of  Theology,  according  to  the  covenant,  offering  him  $750  and  $250  addi- 
tional as  President  of  the  college.  He  at  first  declined  the  latter  office,  but 
ultimately  accepted,  a  Vice-President  being  appointed  to  take  the  burden 
of  the  duties.  He  did  not  immediately  remove  to  New  Brunswick,  but 
waited  till  the  churches  under  his  care  should  be  somewhat  provided  for, 
and  also  lest  his  removal  might  retard  the  increase  of  the  professorial 
fund.  In  February,  1810,  the  trustees  offered  him  $650  additional.  He 
now,  after  a  pastorship  of  forty  years  and  a  professorship,  without  com- 
pensation, of  twenty-six  in  the  city,  at  the  age  of  sixty-four,  broke  all  the 
ties  he  had  there  formed  and  removed  to  New  Brunswick.  He  had  given 
his  professorial  certificate  up  to  this  time  to  about  ninety  students.  By  his 
removal  he  sacrificed  a  salary  of  $2,500  in  his  New  York  pastoral  charge. 
He  cast  himself  in  faith  upon  the  churches,  trusting  that  they  would  pro- 
vide the  necessary  support.  In  December  of  the  same  year,  considering 
the  great  sacrifices  he  had  made,  the  trustees  increased  his  salary  to  $1,700, 
allowing  also  $300  for  house  rent,  promising  that  if  there  were  any  de- 
ficiency it  should  be  made  up  as  soon  as  funds  permitted.  Two  years 
after  this,  when  his  receipts  from  the  trustees  had  only  amounted  to  $1,200, 
he  generously  renounced  all  charges  for  the  balance  against  them.  The 
trustees  had  been  embarrassed  in  their  operations  by  a  money  crisis  in  the 
country. 


170.  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 


THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY  AT  NEW  BRUNSWICK. 

Dr.  Livingston  opened  the  Seminary  in  October,  1810,  with  five  students. 
But  a  few  days  before  he  left  New  York  he  wrote  a  letter  to  his  venerable 
brother  in  the  ministry,  Rev.  Elias  van  Bunschooten,  suggesting  the  pro- 
priety of  his  devoting  a  portion  of  his  property  to  the  benefit  of  the  Theo- 
logical Institution.11  The  effort  was  not  in  vain,  but  resulted  in  the  en- 
dowing of  the  trustees  in  the  sum  of  $14,650,  which  was  increased  by  his 
will  to  $17,000.  The  income  of  this  fund  was  to  be  appropriated  to  the 
support  of  "pious  youth,  who  hope  they  have  a  call  of  God  to  preach  the 
Gospel  of  Jesus  Christ."  It  at  present  exceeds  $20,000  and  has  been  the 
means  of  educating  about  two  hundred  and  fifty  young  men  for  the  ministry. 
In  1812  Dr.  Livingston  sent  in  his  first  report  to  Synod,  in  which  he 
briefly  reviewed  the  facts  and  stated  the  present  conditions  of  the  Seminary, 
urging  the  necessity  of  prompt  and  vigorous  action  respecting  the  endow- 
ment. At  the  same  time  the  Board  of  Superintendents  was  fully  organized 
by  the  adoption  of  a  detailed  plan  respecting  the  government  of  the  Theo- 
logical School.  Synod  was  to  have  complete  control  of  it  in  every  particu- 
lar, appointing  its  Superintendents  triennially,  choosing  three  from  each 
of  the  Particular  Synods  and  three  from  the  clerical  members  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees.  These  were  to  superintend  the  examinations  for  professorial 
certificates  and  have  complete  control  over  the  students.  Three  profes- 
sors, however,  were  declared  to  be  necessary  before  the  institution  should 
be  regarded  as  completely  organized,  each  of  whom  should  then  deliver 
three  lectures  a  week.  A  sermon  was  to  be  exhibited  each  week  by  one  of 
the  students  on  a  topic  assigned  him ;  the  course  of  study  was  to  be  three 
years.  Each  student  was  to  be  taught  natural,  didactic,  polemic  and  prac- 
tical theology;  Biblical  criticism;  chronology  and  ecclesiastical  history;  the 
form  and  administration  of  church  government  and  pastoral  duties ;  and  to 
be  able  to  read  the  Scriptures  fluently  in  the  original  languages.  At  the 
end  of  three  years  they  were  to  submit  to  an  examination  for  a  professorial 
certificate,  upon  which  testimonial  they  were  to  be  admitted  to  examination 
for  licensure  before  their  respective  Classes. 

Dr.  Bassett  now  resigned  his  position  as  Professor  of  Hebrew  and  Rev. 
J.  M.  van  Harlingen,  of  Millstone,  was  appointed  in  his  place. 

From  this  time  the  Board  of  Superintendents  has  regularly  met  and  has 
examined  about  eight  hundred  students. 

Fears  were  entertained  for  the  welfare  of  the  seminary  on  account  of 
the  waning  of  the  college  about  this  time.  The  trustees  continued  to  be 
embarrassed.  The  erection  of  the  building  had  involved  them  in  debt. 
Synod  appropriated  $3,000  of  the  Theological  Fund  to  aid  in  defraying  the 
expenses  of  the  building.  In  1815  the  plan  of  a  Theological  College  was 
proposed  by  Dr.  Livingston,  having  for  its  object,  primarily,  the  education 
of  young  men  for  the  ministry.  Others,  preparing  for  other  professions, 
might  be  admitted  speciali  gratia,  to  a  limited  number.  Its  corps  of 
teachers  should  consist  of  a  Professor  of  Theology,  of  Biblical  Criticism, 
and  of  Ecclesiastical  History,  to  be  appointed  by  the  Synod,  and  a  Profes- 
sor of  Mathematics,  to  be  appointed  by  the  trustees ;   the  Theological  Profes- 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  171 

sors  were  also  to  perform  duties  in  the  college,  according. to  the  appoint- 
ment of  the  trustees ;  the  two  funds  were  to  be  blended  in  one  and  Synod 
was  to  pay  half  the  salaries  of  their  professors.  The  plan  was  adopted 
in  October,  1815,  but  the  trustees,  being  embarrassed  in  their  operations, 
were  not  enabled  to  carry  it  out  until  ten  years  later.  About  this  time 
also  the  German  Reformed  Church  made  propositions,  informally,  in  ref- 
ence  to  the  establishment  of  a  common  theological  institution  for  the  two 
denominations.  It  was,  perhaps,  owing  partly  to  the  complicated  rela- 
tions of  our  own  seminary  that  this  plan  could  not  now  be  entertained. 
Dr.  Livingston,  however,  at  his  own  expense,  published  an  address  to  the 
German  Reformed  churches  in  the  United  States  (1819)  replete  with  valu- 
able information  and  counsel,  urging  them  to  establish  a  theological  semin- 
ary for  themselves. 

The  propriety  of  removing  the  seminary  to  New  York,  or  even  to 
Schenectady,  was  now  seriously  discussed  and  Dr.  Livingston  even  favored 
it  for  a  time.     But  the  trustees  who  held  the  funds  would  not  consent  to  it 

In  1814  the  Board  of  Superintendents  suggested  forcibly  to  Synod  the 
necessity  of  another  professor.  To  this  end  the  church  of  Albany  offered 
to  contribute  annually  $750  and  the  church  of  New  Brunswick  $200  for  a 
term  of  six  years.  Synod  accordingly,  and  to  the  great  relief  of  the  now 
aged  Livingston,  the  next  year  elected  Rev.  John  Schureman  Professor  of 
Pastoral  Theology  and  Ecclesiastical  History.  After  his  death  in  1818  the 
second  professorship  embraced  the  departments  of  Oriental  Literature  and 
Ecclesiastical  History.  Rev.  Thomas  de  Witt  having  declined  an  appoint- 
ment to  this  position,  Rev.  John  Ludlow  was  chosen.  He  continued  in  this 
department  for  five  years,  when  Rev.  John  de  Witt  was  chosen  his  suc- 
cessor. 

The  further  endowment  of  the  institution  now  weighed  heavily  on  Dr. 
Livingston's  mind.  He  felt  that  unless  speedy  measures  were  taken  for 
this  end,  the  institution  must  die.  In  1822  subscriptions  were  started,  Dr. 
Livingston  heading  them  with  $500,  and  nearly  $27,000  were  subscribed 
within  a  year  in  the  Particular  Synod  of  New  York. 
.  The  Particular  Synod  of  Albany  now  made  efforts  to  endow  a  third  pro- 
fessorship. Dr.  L.  saw  this  enterprise  in  its  inception,  but  did  not  live  to 
see  it  completed.  He,  however,  lived  long  enough  to  see  that  success  was 
certain  and  that  the  institution  for  which  he  had  sacrificed  so  much  during 
forty  years  was  established  on  a  firm  foundation.  Different  professors  in 
different  parts  of  the  church  had  been  appointed  for  the  convenience  of 
students,  and  Dr.  Livingston  had  had  an  assistant  most  of  the  time  in 
New  Brunswick ;  but  it  was  only  after  his  death,  though  in  the  same  year, 
that  the  theological  institution  was  fully  organized  by  the  full  complement 
of  professors — De  Witt,  Milledoler  and  Woodhull.  The  Particular  Synod 
of  Albany  by  the  fall  of  1825  had  subscribed  about  $27,000,  also,  for  the  en- 
dowment of  the  third  professorship.  It  was  several  years  before  these 
moneys  were  paid  in  (some  of  the  subscriptions,  indeed,  were  lost),  but  in 
the  meantime  the  church  of  New  York  for  several  years  gave  $1,750  per 
annum  and  other  churches  or  friends  assisted  in  meeting  the  deficiency. 
Synod  now  purchased  the  college  building  in  payment  of  the  obligations  of 


172  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 

the  trustees  to  them.  The  trustees  had  saved  the  professorate  in  1807  by 
taking  it  under  their  care  and  the  Synod  now  saved  the  college  from  ex- 
tinction by  a  similar  kindness.  The  plan  proposed  in  1815  was  substan- 
tially revived.  The  Theological  Professors  became  professors  also  in  the 
college  and  thus  that  institution,  under  the  name  of  Rutgers,  was  reopened. 
(Rutgers  College.) 

Death  almost  immediately  invaded  the  professorship,  as  Dr.  Woodhull 
died  within  a  year  of  his  appointment  and  Dr.  James  S.  Cannon  was 
elected  in  his  place. 

In  1824  the  first  change  was  made  in  reference  to  the  appointment  of  the 
Board  of  Superintendents.  Henceforth  two  from  each  Classis  were  to  be 
appointed  to  constitute  this  Board,  except  from  the  Classis  of  New 
York,  which  was  to  have  four  members — all  to  be  appointed  by  Synod.  Ten 
years  later  the  Classes  were  permitted  to  nominate  and  Synod  confirmed 
them.  In  1838  the  plan  was  again  changed,  limiting  the  number  to  one 
from  each  Classis  and  only  one-third  of  that  number  were  to  be  elected 
each  year  to  prevent  an  entire  change  in  the  board  at  once.  The  next  year, 
however,  Synod  resumed  its  right  of  appointing  the  whole  board  itself; 
but  in  1841  the  plan  of  1838  was  again  adopted.  In  1848,  at  an  extra  ses- 
sion of  Synod,  the  plan  was  entirely  changed  so  that  eight  should  con- 
stitute the  board,  an  equal  number  to  come  from  each  Particular  Synod ; 
but  this  action  was  rescinded  the  next  June  and  the  former  plan  resumed. 

In  1872  an  important  change  was  made  in  the  constitution  of  the  Board 
of  Superintendents.  It  was  made  to  consist  of  four  ministers  and  four 
elders  from  each  of  the  Particular  Synods  of  New  York,  Albany  and  New 
Brunswick,  together  with  one  delegate  from  the  Particular  Synod  of  Chi- 
cago. These  were  to  be  nominated  by  the  Synods  respectively  and  con- 
firmed by  the  General  Synod.  The  normal  term  of  service  was  to  be  four 
years  and  the  terms  of  service  of  one-fourth  of  the  members  were  to  expire 
each  year.  This  change  created  dissatisfaction  and  the  restoration  of  the 
previously  existing  plan  was  immediately  and  strongly  urged.  The  result 
was  that  in  1876  it  was  resolved  that  the  board  should  consist  of  one  mem- 
ber from  each  Classis  (excepting  the  Classes  connected  with  the  Particular 
Synod  of  Chicago)  to  be  nominated  by  the  respective  Classes,  together  with 
six  elders,  to  be  appointed  directly  by  the  General  Synod,  the  term  of 
office  to  be  three  years.  In  1877,  when  the  Theological  Department  at 
Hope  College  was  suspended,  the  rights  of  the  Classes  of  the  Particular 
Synod  of  Chicago  to  representation  in  the  Board  of  Superintendents  at 
New  Brunswick  were  restored.  The  board  meets  annually  in  the  month  of 
May  for  the  examination  of  students  and  such  other  business  as  may  re- 
quire its  attention. 

In  1828  the  old  professorial  fund,  which  had  been  the  cause  of  much 
misunderstanding  between  the  College  Trustees  and  the  Synod,  almost 
coming  to  a  lawsuit,  was  transferred  to  General  Synod,  and  the  same 
year  a  Board  of  Education  was  established,  to  which, "having  been  re- 
modeled in  1831,  were  committed  all  the  educational  interests  of  the  church, 
as  well  as  the  immediate  care  of  the  beneficiaries.  (Board  of  Education.) 
In  1832,  Dr.  de  Witt  having  died,  Dr.  Alexander  McClelland  took  the  chair 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  173 

of  Biblical  Literature.  Three  years  later  the  Theological  Professors  were 
organized  into  a  Faculty,  to  hold  monthly  meetings  and  exercise  a  general 
supervision  over  the  students. 

In  1841  the  students  complained  of  the  requirement  to  commit  Mark's 
Medulla,  which  led  to  the  adoption  of  a  new  plan  for  the  Didactic  Pro- 
fessor; namely,  to  deliver  lectures  on  theology.  This  action,  however,  led 
to  the  resignation  of  Dr.  Milledoler.  Rev.  Samuel  A.  van  Vranken  was 
elected  to  his  place.  The  Theological  Professor  was  now  relieved  from 
the  presidency  of  the  college. 

In  1851  Dr.  William  H.  Campbell  succeeded  Dr.  McClelland  in  the  de- 
partment of  Biblical  Literature  and  the  next  year  Dr.  John  Ludlow  suc- 
ceeded Dr.  Cannon,  who  had  been  stricken  down  by  disease  and  declared 
to  be  Professor  Emeritus.     He,  however,  died  in  the  same  year. 

The  want  of  a  theological  hall  separate  from  the  college  building  began 
now  to  be  seriously  felt.  Several  young  men  were  known  to  have  gone 
elsewhere  to  study,  on  account  of  the  high  price  of  board  in  New  Bruns- 
wick. Elsewhere  they  could  board  in  commons.  The  students  drew  up  a 
memorial,  stating  their  difficulties  and  their  wants,  and  which  paper  passed 
through  the  hands  of  the  Faculty  to  the  Board  of  Superintendents.  The 
board  took  immediate  action  on  it  and  their  efforts  were  crowned  with 
complete  success.  At  the  personal  solicitation  of  Dr.  Ludlow  Mrs.  Anna 
Hertzog,  of  Philadelphia,  donated  $30,000  for  its  erection,  with  the  con- 
dition that  it  should  be  called  "The  Peter  Hertzog  Theological  Hall."12  Col. 
James  Neilson  then  gave  a  lot  of  ground,  valued  at  $14,000;  Mr.  David 
Bishop  gave  an  adjoining  lot,  valued  at  $1,200;  Mr.  Charles  P.  Dayton 
gave  an  adjoining  lot;  and  $2,000  were  given  by  Messrs.  Francis  and  Wes- 
sel  Wessells,  of  Paramus,  N.  J.,  to  purchase  still  additional  land  to  make 
the  rectangle  complete.  The  building  was  speedily  erected18  and  contained 
dormitories,  refectory,  lecture-rooms,  chapel  and  library.  Since  the  erec- 
tion of  James  Suydam  Hall  the  professors  have  occupied  lecture-rooms  in 
it  and  the  library  has  been  removed  to  the  Gardner  A.  Sage  Library 
Building. 

The  next  year  Dr.  Ludlow,  after  a  protracted  illness,  was  called  away 
and  Dr.  Samuel  M.  Woodbridge  was  elected  in  his  place.  Synod  also 
engaged  Dr.  G.  W.  Bethune  for  one  year  to  give  a  course  of  lectures  on 
Pulpit  Eloquence  to  the  students.  On  the  1st  day  of  January,  1861,  Dr. 
van  Vranken  died,  and  Dr.  Joseph  F.  Berg  was  elected  in  his  place.  Two 
years  later  Dr.  John  de  Witt,  son  of  the  former  professor  of  the  same 
name,  was  chosen  to  the  chair  of  Biblical  Literature,  made  vacant  by  the 
resignation  of  Dr.  Campbell.  About  this  time,  also,  the  Theological  Pro- 
fessors were  relieved  of  further  duties  in  the  college.  In  1864  the  Synod 
transferred  the  college  property  back  to  the  trustees  and  the  next  year  the 
covenants  of  1807  and  1825  were  finally  annulled.  The  money  thus  accruing 
was  devoted  to  the  erection  of  the  beautiful  professorial  residences  then  in 
course  of  erection.  The  same  year  a  fourth  professorship,  namely,  of 
Sacred  Rhetoric  and  Pastoral  Theology,  which  had  been  suggested  and 
desired  for  many  years,  was,  by  a  very  general  subscription  through  the 
churches,  secured  and  Dr.  David  D.  Demarest  was  elected  to  this  position. 


J  74  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

In  the  year  187114  Dr.  Berg  was  removed  by  death,  and  Dr.  Wm.  G.  T. 
Shedd  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy,  but  he  declined  the  call.  Professor 
Woodbridge,  by  appointment  of  a  committee  of  General  Synod,  gave  in- 
struction to  the  Middle  and  Senior  Classes  in  Didactic  and  Polemic  The- 
ology for  one  year.  By  the  Synod  of  1872  Dr.  Abraham  B.  van  Zandt  was 
elected  James  Suydam  Professor  of  Didactic  and  Polemic  Theology. 

A  Standing  Committee  or.  Peter  Hertzog  Theological  Hall  was  ap- 
pointed in  the  year  1857,  immediately  on  the  completion  of  the  building. 
It  consisted  of  six  persons,  including  the  three  Theological  Professors,  and 
had  the  general  charge  of  the  property,  to  keep  it  in  repair  and  to  attend 
to  such  business  matters  as  might  be  necessary  for  its  proper  preservation. 
This  committee  was  also  authorized  to  secure  such  additional  funds  as 
might  be  needed  to  accomplish  the  objects  of  the  institution;  but  the  ex- 
penditures of  the  Hall  and  the  adjacent  grounds  were  not  in  any  case  to 
exceed  the  amount  of  funds  actually  collected.  The  committee  in  1864 
undertook  the  work  of  obtaining  funds  for  a  needed  increase  of  endow- 
ment and  also  for  the  establishment  of  a  Professorship  of  Pastoral  Theol- 
ogy and  Sacred  Rhetoric,  the  need  of  which  was  by  every  one  acknowl- 
edged. They  were  stimulated  to  this  by  receiving  from  Rev.  Nicholas  E. 
Smith  a  subscription  of  $40,000  for  the  increase  of  the  endowment,  on 
condition  that  a  like  sum  should  be  raised  for  a  new  professorship.  The 
next  year  (1865)  they  reported  that  the  work  was  well  nigh  completed, 
whereupon  the  Synod  established  the  professorship  and  elected  and  in- 
stalled a  professor.  In  1867  they  reported  the  subscriptions  and  moneys 
they  had  received,  amounting  to  $62,233.09,  of  which  what  remained  after 
the  establishment  of  the  professorship  was  to  be  used  for  the  building  of 
three  professorial  residences,  which  were  subsequently  erected  on  the 
seminary  grounds.  The  professors,  as  members  of  this  committee,  raised 
almost  the  whole  amount,  a  work  in  which  they  were  obliged  to  expend 
much  time  and  labor.     In  this  Dr.  De  Witt  was  especially  active. 

But  unfortunately  the  large  subscription  with  which  they  had  commenced 
could  not  be  collected,  although  the  subscriber  had  paid  the  interest  on  his 
bond  for  two  years,  thus  giving  the  best  possible  proof  of  his  good  faith. 
This  caused  embarrassment  and  made  a  new  effort  necessary.  The  Synod, 
in  order  to  relieve  the  professors  from  this  work,  and  wishing  quickly  to 
obtain  the  desired  result,  reconstituted  the  committee  in  1868,  making  it  to 
consist  of  nine  laymen,  with  whom  one  professor  appointed  by  the  Faculty 
was  to  be  associated.  The  committee  was  authorized  to  employ  an  agent 
to  obtain  subscriptions  and  collect  moneys,  and  directed,  after  expending 
what  was  necessary  for  repairs,  to  pay  the  remainder  into  the  treasury  of 
General  Synod.  It  was  also  to  be  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Board 
of  Superintendents,  to  report  to  them,  to  meet  with  them  annually  for  a 
full  consideration  of  the  temporal  interests  of  the  seminary  and  to  be  under 
their  general  direction.  The  Synod  at  the  same  time  passed  a  resolution 
requesting  the  Board  of  Directors  to  co-operate  with  the  committee  in 
raising  $100,000  for  completing  the  endowment  of  the  seminary  and  for  the 
payment  of  the  debt  of  the  Synod.  The  committee  and  board  jointly  em- 
ployed Rev.  Dr.  James  A.  H.  Cornell  as  agent   (1869-1873)   and  he  com- 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  175 

menced  the  work  with  enthusiasm  and  vigor,  and  was  cheered  by  receiving 
from  Mr.  James  Suydam  $40,000  for  the  endowment  of  the  Professorship 
of  Didactic  and  Polemic  Theology,  to  which  he  subsequently  added  the  sum 
of  $20,000.  Very  appropriately  the  Synod  attached  his  name  to  the  pro- 
fessorship. The  Synod  also  gave  Dr.  Cornell  a  direct  appointment  as  its 
agent,  but  inasmuch  as  it  was  found  to  be  very  difficult  to  convene  the 
committee,  it  being  composed  of  men  pressed  by  business  engagements,  it 
was  changed  the  next  year  and  made  to  consist  of  one  Theological  Profes- 
sor appointed  by  the  Faculty  and  five  other  members  (not  necessarily  lay- 
men) to  be  appointed  annually  by  the  General  Synod.  The  committee  was 
in  1870  appointed  for  three  years  instead  of  one,  in  order  to  complete  im- 
provements in  the  Hall  that  had  been  commenced  by  them.  In  1873  a 
further  reappointment  of  the  committee  for  three  years  was  made,  and  in 
1876  a  change  was  again  made.  It  was  then  resolved  that  the  committee 
should  consist  of  one  Theological  Professor  and  five  other  members,  a 
majority  of  whom  should  be  laymen,  and  the  normal  term  of  service  to  be 
five  years,  one  member  to  be  elected  annually.  Inasmuch  as  the  number  of 
buildings  to  be  cared  for  had  greatly  increased,  the  name  of  the  committee 
was  now  changed  to  Committee  on  Seminary  Grounds  and  Property. 

The  reports  of  this  committee,  regularly  presented  to  the  General  Synod, 
showed  a  vast  amount  of  work  done,  of  which  the  Synod  frequently  made 
grateful  acknowledgment.  Extensive  improvements  and  repairs  were  made 
to  Peter  Hertzog  Hall.  Water  and  steam-heating  were  introduced  and  all 
its  appointments  made  it  an  attractive  dwelling-place.  A  rector  was  ap- 
pointed to  take  charge  of  the  Hall  and  have  the  oversight  of  the  students. 
James  Suydam  Hall,  the  gift  of  Mr.  James  Suydam,  of  New  York  City, 
was  erected  on  the  east  side  of  Hertzog  Hall.  It  was  dedicated  (the  Gen- 
eral Synod  attending)  June  5,  1873,  and  contains  a  spacious  gymnasium, 
museum  and  five  lecture-rooms.  In  front  of  it  a  bronze  statue  of  Mr. 
Suydam  was  placed  by  his  friends,  a  well-deserved  tribute  to  the  memory 
of  this  liberal  benefactor  of  the  seminary.  He  was  indefatigable  in  per- 
sonal services  as  chairman  of  the  committee  as  long  as  his  health  per- 
mitted him  to  render  them.  The  aggregate  of  his  pecuniary  contributions 
to  the  seminary  exceed  a  quarter  of  a  million  dollars.  He  presented  the 
costly  building  named  after  him;  gave  $60,000  for  a  professorship ;. $9,000, 
being  half  of  the  purchase  money,  for  a  professorial  residence,  presented 
by  Colonel  Sage  and  him  jointly  to  the  General  Synod;  $2,500  for  the  pur- 
chase of  books  for  the  library,  besides  smaller  gifts  for  various  purposes. 
He  also  bequeathed  the  sum  of  $20,000  to  the  General  Synod,  the  interest 
of  which  is  to  be  used  for  the  maintenance  of  James  Suydam  Hall ;  $20,000, 
the  interest  of  which  is  to  be  used  for  the  improvement  of  the  grounds  and 
repair  of  seminary  buildings ;  and  $20,000  to  be  used  for  the  erection  of  a 
new  dwelling  for  the  James  Suydam  Professor  of  Didactic  and  Polemic 
Theology. 

On  the  west  side  of  Peter  Hertzog  Hall  was  built  the  Gardner  A.  Sage 
Library.  This  is  a  fire-proof  building,  erected  by  Mr.  Gardner  A.  Sage,  of 
New  York  City,  and  presented  by  him  to  the  General  Synod  and  dedicated 
(the  General  Synod  attending)   June  4,  1875.     In  addition  to  his  gift  of 


l7&  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN     AMERICA. 

the  building  Colonel  Sage  paid  the  salary  of  the  librarian,  and  for  the 
services  of  the  janitor,  for  coal  and  other  incidental  expenses  annually. 
He  also  contributed  $2,500  for  the  purchase  of  books  and  $700  annually  for 
several  years  for  the  ordinary  expenses  of  Peter  Hertzog  Hall  and  united 
with  Mr.  Suydam  in  the  purchase  and  presentation  to  General  Synod  of  a 
professorial  residence,  at  a  cost  to  each  of  them  of  $9,000.  Quite  as  valu- 
able, perhaps,  as  these  gifts  were  his  indefatigable  personal  services  to  the 
institution  as  Chairman  and  Treasurer  of  the  Standing  Committee. 

Through  the  efforts  of  Dr.  Cornell  about  $50,000  were  secured  for  the 
library,  chiefly  in  subscriptions  of  $2,500.  These  moneys  were  given,  not 
to  be  invested,  but  to  be  spent,  as  soon  as  it  could  be  judiciously  done,  in 
the  purchase  of  books.  The  selection  of  books  was  made  by  a  committee 
of  the  General  Synod,  consisting  of  Rev.  Drs.  T.  W.  Chambers,  E.  T.  Cor- 
win,  C.  D.  Hartranft  and  Prof.  Jacob  Cooper,  of  Rutgers  College,  in  con- 
nection with  the  Theological  Professors.  The  library  was  also  made  acces- 
sible to  the  citizens  of  New  Brunswick  and  others. 

Thus  great  things  were  done  for  this  seminary.  Most  of  those  done 
after  the  fourth  professorship  and  the  building  of  professorial  residences 
are  to  be  attributed  to  the  enthusiastic  spirit  and  the  untiring  labors  of 
Dr.  Cornell  as  the  Synod's  agent.  Years  will  only  increase  the  church's 
appreciation  of  his  signally  successful  work.  In  the  year  1873  Mr.  Nicholas 
T.  Vedder,  of  Utica,  N.  Y.,  presented  to  the  General  Synod  $10,000  in  rail- 
road bonds  for  the  establishment  of  a  course  of  lectures,  to  be  delivered 
by  a  member  of  the  Reformed  (Dutch)  Church  to  the  students  of  the 
seminary  and  of  Rutgers  College,  on  "The  Present  Aspects  of  Modern  In- 
fidelity, including  Its  Cause  and  Cure."  The  lecturer  was  to  be  chosen  by 
the  General  Synod,  by  ballot,  at  its  annual  session,  and  five  lectures  at 
least  were  to  be  delivered  by  him.  Certain  conditions  were  made  concern- 
ing their  subsequent  publication,  and  the  lecturer  was  to  receive  for  his 
compensation  such  income  as  might  be  realized  from  the  fund  during  the 
year.  The  Synod  accepted  the  gift  with  the  conditions  and  established  the 
"Vedder  Lecture  on  Modern  Infidelity.'' 

The  following  have  been  the  lecturers  on  this  foundation  and  their 
topics : 

1874.  Rev.  Isaac  S.  Hartley,  D.D. — Prayer  and  Its  Relation  to  Modern 
Thought  and  Criticism. 

1875.  Prof.  Tayler  Lewis,  LL.D.,  L.H.D.— The  Light  by  Which  We  See 
Light,  or  Nature  and  the  Scriptures. 

1876.  Rev.  Talbot  W.  Chambers,  D.D.— The  Psalter,  a  Witness  to  the 
Divine  Origin  of  the  Bible. 

1877.  Rev.  William  R.  Gordon,  D.D. — The  Science  of  Divine  Truth 
Impregnable,  as  Shown  by  the  Argumentative  Failure  of  Infidelity  and 
Technical  Geology. 

1878.  1879,  1880,  1881.     No  lectures  delivered. 

1882.  Rev.  William  Ormiston,  D.D. — Inspiration. 

1883.  Rev.  John  B.  Drury,  D.D.— Truths  and  Untruths  of  Evolution. 

1884.  Rev.  Cornelius  van  Santvoord,  D.D. — The  Negations  of  Infidelity. 


Gardnkr  A.  Sage  Library. 


James  Suydam  Hall. 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  I77 

1885.  Rev.  William  H.  Campbell,  D.D.     (No  lecture.) 

1886.  Rev.  George  S.  Bishop,  D.D.— Inspiration,  Literal  and  Direct. 

1887.  Rev.  John  H.  Oerter,  D.D.— Socialism. 

1888.  Rev.  Jacob  Cooper,  D.D.,  D.C.L.— Doubt. 

1889.  Rev.  Alan  D.  Campbell.— God's  Thoughts  as  Seen  in  the  World's 
Progress. 

1890.  Rev.  John  A.  de  Baun,  D.D.     (No  lecture.) 

Unfortunately  the  railroad  company  whose  bonds  were  given  for  the  es- 
tablishment of  these  lectures,  failed  to  pay  interest  on  them  after  the  year 
1875.  The  lecturers  thereafter  received  no  pecuniary  reward.  It  is  due  to 
the  members  of  the  Board  of  Directors  to  say  that  they  are  entirely  free 
of  responsibility  for  this  loss ;  for  Mr.  Vedder,  in  the  "Instrument  of  Gift," 
enjoined  it  upon  the  Synod  to  "hold  these  bonds  until  they  should  arrive 
at  maturity."  After  1890  the  appointment  of  a  lecturer  was  discontinued. 
Just  before  its  discontinuance,  however,  a  new  lectureship  was  established. 
The  Hon.  N.  F.  Graves,  of  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  provided  for  "Lectures  on 
Missions"  in  1888-9  and  for  several  succeeding  years.  At  his  death  in  1896 
he  left  $10,000  for  the  endowment  of  such  Lectureship.  The  appointment 
on  this  foundation  continues.     The  lecturers  have  been  as  follows: 

1888-9.  Revs.  Henry  Stout,  Cyrus  Hamlin,  D.D.,  L.  W.  Kip,  D.D.,  E. 
M.  Wheny,  D.D.,  F.  F.  Ellinwood,  D.D. 

1889-90.     Rev.  John  Hall,  D.D. 

1890-1.     Rev.  Arthur  T.  Pierson,  D.D. 

1891-2.     Rev.  Alexander  J,  Gordon,  D.D. 

1892-3.     No  lecture. 

1893-4.     Rev.  George  Smith,  C.E.I. 

1894-5.     Rev.  William  Imbrie,  D.D. 

1895-6.     Rev.  Chester  D.  Hartranft,  D.D. 

1896-7.  Revs.  Joachim  Elmendorf,  D.D.,  Rev.  F.  S.  Schenck,  D.D.,  Rev. 
John  Scudder,  D.D.,  Rev.  Henry  Stout.  Rev.  E.  P.  Johnson,  D.D. 

1897-8.  Revs.  S.  M.  Zwemer,  A.  C.  de  Wall,  D.D.,  C.  L.  Wells,  D.D.,  M. 
H.  Hutton,  D.D.,  E.  A.  Collier,  D.D. 

1898-9.  Revs.  Wilson  Phraner,  D.D.  (four),  William  I.  Chamberlain 
(one). 

1899-1900.     Rev.  James  F.  Riggs,  D.D. 

1900-1.     Rev.  George  F.  Pentecost,  D.D. 

1901-2.     Mr.  Robert  E.  Speer. 

This  emphasis  on  Missions  is  in  keeping  with  the  historic  spirit  of  the 
institution,  a  Society  of  Inquiry  having  been  founded  in  181 1  among  its 
students.  From  1811-1820  this  was  known  as  the  Berean  Society.  Many 
of  its  members  have  gone  to  the  foreign  field.  Significant  of  this  interest 
is  it  also  that  the  Inter-Seminary  Missionary  Alliance,  comprising  all  de- 
nominations, was  inaugurated  under  the  special  auspices  of  this  Seminary 
in  1880. 

During  a  long  illness  of  Professor  van  Zandt  in  1878  the  Rev.  Dr.  T.  W. 
Chambers  served  in  his  place.  Professor  van  Zandt  resigned  in  1881  and 
six  weeks  later  died.  Rev.  Dr.  C.  D.  Hartranft  was  elected  his  successor, 
but  declined.     Rev.  Dr.  William  V.  V.  Mahon  was  then  chosen.     In  1883 


1/8  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 

the  long-desired  fifth  professorship  was  founded.  That  generous  and  de- 
voted friend  of  the  Seminary,  Mr.  Gardner  A.  Sage,  left  $50,000  for  such 
endowment.  During  1883-4  the  Rev.  Drs.  T.  W.  Chambers  and  E.  T. 
Corwin  served  with  Professor  De  Witt  in  the  Exegetical  Department,  and 
the  General  Synod  in  1884  constituted  the  new  Professorship  of  "Old 
Testament  Languages  and  Exegesis,"  Prof.  De  Witt  remaining  in  the  Chair 
of  "Hellenistic  Greek  and  New  Testament  Exegesis."  Rev.  Dr.  John  G. 
Lansing  was  chosen  to  the  new  chair.  Mr.  Sage's  liberality  was  not 
bounded  by  this  legacy  and  the  Library  building  and  other  gifts.  Just 
before  his  death  he  gave  nearly  $100,000  for  various  uses:  $35,000  for  Li- 
brary maintenance ;  $20,000,  endowment  for  purchase  of  books ;  $25,000, 
endowment  for  Hertzog  Hall  maintenance ;  $5,000,  endowment  for  scholar- 
ships ;  $5,000.  for  immediate  use  on  the  Library  building.  Property  im- 
provement at  this  time  included  the  erection  in  1883  of  the  professorial 
residence  provided  for  by  Mr.  James  Suydam,  and  in  1891  of  a  librarian's 
residence,  with  funds  available  from  gifts  of  Mr.  Sage. 

In  1883  the  General  Synod  provided  that  the  senior  Professor,  at  that 
time  Dr.  Woodbridge,  be  called  Dean,  and  be  endowed  with  disciplinary 
powers  as  the  Faculty  might  arrange.  In  1884  a  new  curriculum,  prepared 
by  a  committee  of  the  preceding  Synod's  appointment,  was  adopted,  de- 
signed to  keep  the  institution  abreast  of  the  times  in  theological  training. 
In  1888  a  new  "Plan  of  the  Seminary"  was  adopted,  including  this  curri- 
culum. It  changed  the  title  of  Dean  to  President  and  defined  more  clearly 
and  with  some  amendments  the  government  and  procedure  of  the  institu- 
tion. Since  1880  public  Commencements  have  been  held,  including  ad- 
dresses by  three  of  the  graduating  class,  by  a  Professor,  and  by  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Superintendents. 

An  event  notable  in  the  record  is  the  celebration  in  1884  of  the  Semi- 
nary's one  hundredth  anniversary.  As  the  oldest  theological  school  in  the 
land,  its  centennial  deserved  and  received  peculiar  interest  within  and 
without  the  denomination.  An  observance  was  proposed  in  the  Synod  in 
1881.  The  next  year  a  committee,  consisting  of  Rev.  Drs.  P.  D.  van  Cleef, 
J.  H.  Suydam,  and  D.  N.  Vanderveer,  was  appointed.  Their  plan,  partially 
reported  in  1883,  was  in  detail  adopted  in  1884.  A  committee  on  endow- 
ment was  appointed  to  act  coincidently,  and  a  co-operating  committee  was 
appointed  by  the  Alumni  Association.  The  celebration  was  held  on  the 
28th  and  29th  of  October  in  the  First  and  Second  Reformed  Churches  of 
New  Brunswick,  and  was  a  distinguished  success.  Quoting  the  commit- 
tee's report: 

"The  addresses  during  the  five  sessions  were  as  follows :  On  Historical 
Theology,  by  the  Rev.  Prof.  S.  M.  Woodbridge,  D.D. ;  on  The  History  of 
the  Theological  Seminary,  by  the  Rev.  Prof.  David  D.  Demarest.D.D. ;  on 
The  Relation  of  the  Seminary  and  Rutgers  College  to  Each  Other,  by  the 
Rev.  Dr.  William  H.  Campbell ;  on  The  Influence  of  the  Seminary  on  the 
Denominational  Life  of  the  Church,  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  W.  J.  R.  Taylor;  on 
Theological  Instruction  at  the  West,  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  C.  E.  Crispell ;  on  The 
Ministry  of  the  Past  and  the  Future,  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  F.  N.  Zabriskie ;  and 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA.  1 79 

a  closing  address,  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  A.  R.  Van  Nest.  Congratulatory  ad- 
dresses were  also  delivered  by  Merrill  E.  Gates,  LL.D.,  President  of  Rut- 
gers College;  by  Prof.  T.  Sanford  Doolittle,  D.D.,  representing  the  Faculty; 
by  Prof.  Charles  Scott,  D.D.,  representing  Hope  College;  and  by  A.  V.  W. 
van  Vechten,  Esq.,  representing  the  Collegiate  Church.     - 

"The  salutations  of  nine  of  the  principal  Theological  Seminaries,  em- 
bracing several  denominations,  were  presented  in  person  by  distinguished 
Professors,  delegates  from  those  institutions,  and  of  as  many  others,  by 
fraternal  letters.  Congratulatory  epistles  were  also  received  from  the 
Theological  Faculties  of  Utrecht,  Kampen,  and  the  Free  University  of 
Amsterdam,  in  Holland ;  and  from  the  Venerable  Prof.  Nicholas  Beets,  of 
Utrecht.  Letters  of  regret  were  received  from  many  graduates  and  other 
friends  of  the  Seminary,  distinguished  in  public,  as  well  as  honored  in  pri- 
vate life,  including  the  Governor  of  New  Jersey.  Two  poems  were  also 
contributed  for  the  occasion ;  one  by  Mrs.  Merrill  E.  Gates  and  the  other 
by  Rev.  Denis  Wortman,  D.D.  The  meetings  were  all  largely  attended 
and  a  deep  interest  was  manifested  in  the  services.  At  the  close  a  com- 
mittee was  appointed  to  publish  the  proceedings,  including  addresses  and 
other  matter  of  historical  value." 

The  committee  thus  appointed,  Rev.  Prof.  D.  D.  Demarest,  D.D.,  Rev. 
Dr.  P.  D.  van  Cleef,  and  Rev.  Dr.  E.  T.  Corwin,  issued  the  "Centennial 
Volume."  This  is  not  only  a  record  of  the  centennial  occasion,  but  an  in- 
valuable resume  of  the  rich  historical  material  attaching  unto  the  hundred 
years'  life  of  the  institution,  a  monument  of  accomplished  and  painstaking 
research  and  compilation. 

About  this  time,  1885-6-7,  the  Museum  grew  notably  in  value.  It  was 
especially  fostered  by  Professor  Lansing,  who  made  for  it  many  valuable  ac- 
quisitions from  the  East,  especially  Egypt.  Through  others  also  came  gifts 
of  interest.  Through  Professor  De  Witt,  the  table  around  which  the  Amer- 
ican Revisers  of  the  translation  of  the  Old  Testament  sat  during  their 
sessions  through  fourteen  years ;  and  later,  from  Mr.  S.  B.  Schiefflin,  a  most 
valuable  collection  of  ancient  coins.  Changes  were  made  in  Suydam  Hall 
in  1888,  providing  an  excellent  room  for  the  Museum.  Almost  coincident, 
however,  with  the  centennial  celebration,  a  diminution  in  the  number  of 
theological  students,  perhaps  general  throughout  the  country,  excited  some 
disquietude.  Happily,  responsive  to  the  awakened  thought  of  the  church 
and  enlarged  prayer,  the  day  of  grave  anxiety  was  but  brief,  and  before 
the  decade  had  closed  the  number  of  students  was  not  only  normal,  but 
above  the  average. 

The  last  decade  of  the  nineteenth  century  was  peculiarly  marked  by 
changes  in  the  Faculty,  almost  as  many  as  in  all  the  earlier  course  of  the 
half-century.  In  1892  Professor  De  Witt  resigned  after  twenty-nine  years 
of  service,  having  honored  the  Seminary  not  only  with  his  long-continued, 
scholarly  class-room  work,  but  as  well  by  his  translation  of  the  Psalms, 
and  by  his  esteemed  membership  in  the  American  Committee  on  the  Re- 
vision of  the  Old  Testament.  The  Rev.  Dr.  James  F.  Riggs  was  elected  his 
successor.     Later  in  the  same  year  Professor  Mabon  died,  after  eleven  years 


l80  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN     AMERICA. 

of  the  most  mature  and  thorough  professorial  work.  In  1893  Rev.  Dr. 
J.  Preston  Searle  was  elected  his  successor.  In  1898  Professor  Riggs  re- 
signed to  enlist  his  recognized  abilities  in  the  active  pastorate  again,  and 
the  Rev.  John  H.  Gillespie  was  elected  his  successor.  In  the  same  year, 
after  the  closing  of  the  Seminary  and  the  adjournment  of  Synod,  and  after 
but  a  week's  illness,  Professor  Demarest,  beloved  Professor  for  thirty- 
three  years,  died,  having  served  the  Seminary  not  only  in  the  class-room, 
but  conspicuously  in  its  administration,  as  Secretary  of  the  Faculty;  and 
having  served  the  entire  Reformed  Church  with  his  authoritative  writings 
upon  its  Standards  and  History.  In  December  of  the  same  year  Professor 
Lansing,  after  fourteen  years  of  service  marked  by  great  ability  and  in- 
tense work,  but  by  long  and  serious  ill-health,  resigned.  The  General  Synod 
of  1899,  in  the  two  elections  thus  devolving  upon  it,  chose  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Ferdinand  S.  Schenck  to  the  chair  of  Practical  Theology,  the  Rev.  Dr. 
John  H.  Raven  to  the  Old  Testament  chair.  Then,  as  the  new  century 
opened,  came  the  resignation  of  Professor  Woodbridge,  whose  fortieth  an- 
niversary as  Professor  had  been  nobly  celebrated  in  1897,  who  for  a  long 
time  had  been  Dean  or  President  of  the  Faculty,  the  impress  of  whose  life 
and  teachings  is  upon  all  the  Church.  In  1901  the  Rev.  Dr.  W.  H.  S. 
Demarest  was  elected  Professor  of  Church  History  and  Dr.  Woodbridge 
was  declared  Emeritus.  The  Synod,  however,  continued  him  in  such 
service  as  he  might  find  it  possible  to  perform. 

This  latest  period  presents  also  other  changes  than  those  in  the  Faculty. 
The  "Plan  of  the  Seminary"  was  somewhat  amended  in  1894,  and  the 
method  of  electing  Professors  also  somewhat  changed.  The  right  of  nom- 
ination to  the  General  Synod  was  now  accorded  to  the  Classes.  In  1893 
a  scheme  of  special  study  leading  to  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Divinity 
was  added  to  the  curriculum.  Arrangements  were  made  with  Rutgers 
College  for  the  conferring  of  this  degree  upon  such  graduates  of  the  Semi- 
nary as  the  Seminary  Faculty  may  certify  to  be  qualified  therefor  by  com- 
pletion of  a  prescribed  extra  course  in  some  department.  In  the  eight 
years  since  that  time  twenty-one  students  have  done  such  work  and  re- 
ceived the  degree.  A  further  step  in  the  encouragement  of  good  scholarship 
was  the  establishment  in  1897  of  annual  written  examinations  of  the  sev- 
eral classes  under  supervision  of  a  committee  of  the  Board  of  Superin- 
tendents with  the  Professors.  Efficiency  in  instruction  has  been  promoted 
and  wider  reach  of  the  Professors'  work  attained  through  the  printing 
since  1893  of  various  Seminary  lectures  and  outlines,  text-books  of  Pro- 
fessors Woodbridge,  Demarest,  Lansing,  and  Searle,  besides  other  pub- 
lications. Funds  for  such  printing  were  variously  provided  until  now,  in 
1901,  the  "Rev.  Dr.  Archibald  Laidlie  Memorial  Fund"  of  $5,000  has  been 
given  by  a  descendant  of  Dr.  Laidlie,  the  income  to  be  used  for  this  purpose. 
During  this  time  also  the  Library  has  steadily  increased,  through  pur- 
chases and  donations.  It  has  been  under  the  charge  of  John  C.  Van  Dyke, 
L.H.D.,  Librarian  since  1878,  and  Professor  of  Art  in  Rutgers  College,  and 
author  of  various  works  on  art.  This  Library  is  open  morning  and  after- 
noon for  Seminary,  college,  and  city  use.  Dr.  Van  Dyke  published  in  1888 
"Notes  on  the  Sage  Library,"  giving  an  account  of  some  of  its  rare  and 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  l8l 

special  treasures.  A  second  edition,  revised  and  much  enlarged  and  going 
also  into  the  history  of  the  Library,  has  just  been  published,  1902.  The 
Museum  also  received  some  increase  and  is  now  open  to  the  public  at 
stated  times.     It  is  under  the  charge  of  Professor  Gillespie  as  Curator. 

The  Standing  Committee  on  Grounds  and  Property,  by  action  of  Gen- 
eral Synod  in  1895,  was  made  to  consist  of  the  entire  Faculty,  together  with 
five  members  chosen  by  the  Sjmod.  A  Superintendent  of  Property  is  under 
their  appointment  and  direction.  Extensive  repairs  in  Hertzog  Hall  and 
other  of  the  properties  during  1899-1900-1901  are  worthy  of  record,  accom- 
plished by  the  gifts  of  many  generous  donors  and  largely  by  the  liberality 
and  energy  of  Mr.  John  S.  Bussing  of  the  Standing  Committee. 

The  necessity  of  extra  gifts  for  ordinary  matters  displays  the  financial 
situation  which  in  recent  years  has  confronted  the  Seminary.  The  income 
of  endowment  decreased  from  an  average  of  nearly  seven  per  cent,  to  an 
average  of  little  over  four  per  cent.  No  large  general  endowment  gifts 
have  been  received  since  those  of  Mr.  Suydam  and  Mr.  Sage,  except  the 
bequest  in  1886  of  Colonel  Egbert  Silvernail,  of  Gallatin,  N.  Y.,  amounting 
to  $23,000.  The  total  annual  income  of  the  Seminary  became  $5,000  less 
than  formerly.  The  cut  is  at  every  point,  Professorate,  Property,  and 
Library.  Salaries,  repairs,  modern  and  progressive  equipment  united  to 
compel  earnest  and  insistent  call  upon  the  Church  for  new  endowment  or 
gifts  for  immediate  use.  The  General  Synod  of  1897  appointed  a  Com- 
mittee on  Seminary  Finance,  composed  of  representatives  from  the  Board  of 
Directors,  the  Board  of  Superintendents,  and  the  Standing  Committee. 
From  that  time  the  work  has  been  prosecuted  under  their  arrangements 
and  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  James  Demarest  as  Financial  Agent  with  view  to 
$250,000  new  endowment.  The  results  thus  far  secured  are  encouraging, 
but  not  yet  at  the  needed  measure  of  success.  Many  churches  are  making 
annual  gifts,  and  many  individuals  are  contributing  for  immediate  expense. 
The  endowment  has  received  in  cash  or  assurances  nearly  $80,000.  The 
largest  gift  paid  in  is  $25,000  from  Mr.  Ralph  Vorhees.  The  Alumni  Asso- 
ciation, which  for  several  years  has  maintained  a  vigorous  life  and  a  very 
successful  annual  reunion,  is  raising  its  own  fund  for  a  Fellowship  and 
has  paid  in  nearly  $3,000.  The  Seminary  now  has,  in  all,  $463,000  of  in- 
vested funds,  of  which  $286,000  are  Professorial  funds ;  $122,000,  funds  for 
the  care  of  the  property;  $31,000,  special  funds;  and  a  general  fund  of 
$23,000. 

The  needs  of  the  institution  are  these,  in  part : 

I. — The  establishment  of  Fellowships  of  about  $500  or  $600  yearly  for 
two  years,  to  be  given  to  such  students  as,  at  the  end  of  the  course,  shall 
show  most  proficiency,  and  shall  desire  opportunity  for  further  study. 

II. — Increased  endowments  for  the  maintenance  and  care  of  Hertzog 
Hall  and  the  Gardner  A.  Sage  Library,  and  for  the  care  of  the  grounds 
and  residences. 

III. — Increase  of  the  General  Endowment  so  as  to  maintain  and  equalize 
the  salaries  of  the  Professors. 

IV. — The  creation  of  Special  Funds  for  instruction  in  Vocal  Culture 
(Music  and  Elocution),  and  to  secure  occasional  Lectures  from  Specialists 
in  different  departments  of  Theological  Study. 


l82  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

V. — The  establishment  of  new  Professorships,  as  soon  as  the  means 
shall  have  been  furnished,  not  only  for  Biblical  Theology,  but  also  for 
Apologetics,  English  Bible,  Missions,  Symbolics  and  Monumental  Theology, 
including  Egyptology  and  Assyriology. 

The  buildings  of  the  institution  arc: 

i.   Hertzog  Hall,  containing  dormitories,  refectory,  chapel,  etc. 

2.  James  Suyduni  Hall,  containing  five  lecture  rooms,  Museum,  Gym- 
nasium, etc. 

3.  Gardner  A.  Sage  Library,  containing  more  than  45,000  volumes  and 
more  than  8,000  pamphlets. 

4.  Five  Professorial  residences  and  a  residence  for  the  Librarian. 

It  has  had  in  its  classes  nearly  1,100  students  for  the  ministry,  who, 
with  few  exceptions,  have  been  graduated  and  ordained.  Many  of  them 
have  become  distinguished  missionaries  in  foreign  lands  or  Professors  and 
Presidents  in  high  educational  institutions. 

The  present  Faculty  comprises,  besides  occasional  lecturers  and  in- 
structors : 

Rev.  Samuel  M.  Woodbridge,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Pastoral  Theology, 
Ecclesiastical  History,  and  Church  Government  at  New  Brunswick, 
!857-65.  Professor  of  Ecclesiastical  History  and  Church  Govern- 
ment, 1865.     Emeritus,  1901. 

Rev.  John  Preston  Searle,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Didactic  and  Polemic 
Theology,  1893. 

Rev.  John  H.  Gillespie,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Hellenistic  Greek  and  New 
Testament  Exegesis,  1898. 

Rev.  Ferdinand  S.  Schenck,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Practical  Theology,  1899. 

Rev.  John  H.  Raven,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Old  Testament  Languages  and 
Exegesis,  1899. 

Rev.  William  H.  S.  Demarest,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Ecclesiastical  History 
and  Church  Government,  1901. 

PROFESSORS  AND  LECTORS  IN  CONNECTION  WITH  THE 
FIRST  THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY  OF  THE  REFORMED 
CHURCH  IN  AMERICA.  AT  NEW  YORK  AND  FLATBUSH,  1784- 
1810.    At  NEW  BRUNSWICK,  N.  J.,  SINCE  1810. 

Professors  elected  by  the  (old)  Provisional  Synod. 
Rev.  John  H.  Livingston,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Didactic  Theology,  etc.,  New 

York  and  Flatbush,  1784-1810. 
Rev.  Hermanus  Meyer,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Languages  at  Pompton  Plains, 

1784-91 ;  Lector  in  Theology  at  Pompton  Plains,  1786-91. 
Rev.  Solomon  Froeligh,  D.D.,  Lector  in  Theology  at  Hackensack,  New 

Jersey,  1792-7. 
Rev.   Dirck  Romeyn,  D.D.,  Lector  in  Theology  at  Schenectady,   N.   Y., 

1792-7- 
Professors  elected  by  the  General  Synod.     (Constituted  1794.) 
Rev.  Solomon  Froeligh,  D.D.,.  Professor  of  Didactic  Theology,  Hacken- 
sack, N.  J.,  1797-1822. 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  183 

Rev.  Dirck  Romeyn,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Didactic  Theology  at  Schenectady, 
N.  Y.,  1797-1804. 

Rev.  John  H.  Livingston,  D.D.,  Permanent  Professor  of  Didactic  The- 
ology at  New  York,  1804-10;  at  New  Brunswick,  1810-25.  (See  Min- 
utes of  General  Synod,  1804,  pp.  334-S.  339,  340-  Also  Centennial  of 
the  Seminary,  p.  362.) 

Rev.  John  Bassett,  D.D.,  Teacher  of  Hebrew  at  Boght,  Schoharie  Co., 
and  at  Albany,  N.  Y.,  1804-12. 

Rev.  Jeremiah  Romeyn,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Hebrew  at  Linlithgo,  Harlem, 
Schoharie,  and  Woodstock,  1804-6. 

SEMINARY  AT   NEW   BRUNSWICK,   N.  J.    (1810). 

Rev.  John  M.  van  Harlingen,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Hebrew  and  Ecclesi- 
astical History,  1812-13. 

Rev.  John  Schureman,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Ecclesiastical  History,  Church 
Government,  and  Pastoral  Duties,  1815-18. 

Rev.  John  Ludlow,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Biblical  Literature  and  Ecclesi- 
astical History,  1819-23. 

Rev.  John  De  Witt,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Biblical  Literature  and  Ecclesi- 
astical History,  1823-25;  Professor  of  Biblical  Literature,  1825-31. 

Rev.  Philip  Milledoler,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Didactic  and  Polemic  The- 
ology, 1825-41. 

Rev.  Selah  S.  Woodhull,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Ecclesiastical  History, 
Church  Government,  and  Pastoral  Theology,  1825-26. 

Rev.  James  S.  Cannon,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Ecclesiastical  History,  Church 
Government,  and  Pastoral  Theology,  1826-52. 

Rev.  Alexander  McClelland,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Biblical  Literature, 
1832-51. 

Rev.  Samuel  A.  Van  Vranken,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Didactic  and  Polemic 
Theology,  1841-61. 

Rev.  William  H.  Campbell,  D.D..  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Biblical  Literature, 
1851-63. 

Rev.  John  Ludlow,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Pastoral  Theology,  Ecclesiastical 
History,  and  Church  Government,  1852-57. 

Rev.  Samuel  M.  Woodbridge^  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Pastoral  Theology, 
Ecclesiastical  History,  and  Church  Government,  1857-65.  Professor  of 
Ecclesiastical  History  and  Church  Government,  1865-1901.  Emeritus, 
190 1. 

Rev.  Joseph  F.  Berg,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Didactic  and  Polemic  Theology, 
1861-71. 

Rev.  John  De  Witt,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Litt.  D.,  Professor  of  Biblical  Literature, 
1863-84.  Professor  of  Hellenistic  Greek  and  New  Testament  Exe- 
gesis, 1884-92. 

Rev.  David  D.  Demarest,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Pastoral  Theology 
and  Sacred  Rhetoric,  1865-98. 

Rev.  Abraham  B.  van  Zandt,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Didactic  and 
Polemic  Theology,  1872-81.  Emeritus  Professor  of  Didactic  and 
Polemic  Theology,  1881. 


1&4  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN     AMERICA. 

Rev.  William  V.  V.  Mabon,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Didactic  and 
Polemic  Theology,  1881-92. 

Rev.  John  G.  Lansing,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Old  Testament  Languages  and 
Exegesis.  1883-98. 

Rev.  James  F.  Riggs,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Hellenistic  Greek  and  New  Testa- 
ment Exegesis,  1892-98. 

Rev.  John  Preston  Searle,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Didactic  and  Polemic  The- 
ology, 1893. 

Rev.  John  H.  Gillespie,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Hellenistic  Greek  and  New 
Testament  Exegesis,  1898. 

Rev.  Ferdinand  S.  Schenck,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Practical  Theology,  1899. 

Rev.  John  H.  Raven,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Old  Testament  Languages  and 
Exegesis,  1899. 

Rev.  William  H.  S.  Demarest,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Ecclesiastical  History 
and  Church  Government,  1901. 

TEMPORARY  ASSISTANTS. 
Rev.  Peter  Studdiford,  Instructor  in  Hebrew,  1812-14. 
Rev.  James  S.  Cannon,  D.D.,  Instructor  in  Ecclesiastical  History,  Church 

Government,  and  Pastoral  Theology,  1818-19. 
Rev.  John  S.  Mabon,  Instructor  in  Hebrew  and  Greek,  1818-19. 
Rev.  Alexander  McClelland,  D.D.,  Instructor  in  Hebrew,  1831-32. 
Rev.  George  W.  Bethune,  D.D.,  Lecturer  on  Pulpit  Eloquence,  1857-58. 
Rev.  Prof.  Samuel  N.  Woodbridge,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Instructor  in  Didactic  and 

Polemic  Theology,  1871-72. 
Rev.   Talbot  W.   Chambers.    D.D.,   LL.D.,    Assistant   Instructor   in   New 

Testament  Exegesis,  1883-84. 
Rev.  Edward  T.  Corwin,  D.D..  Assistant  Instructor  in  Hebrew  and  Old 

Testament  Exegesis,  1883-4.     Jan. -Mar.,  1889.     Jan. -Feb.,  1890.     Sept., 

1890-May,  1891.     New  Testament  Exegesis,  Jan.-May,  1892. 
Rev.  John  H.  Raven,  D.D.,  Instructor  in  Old  Testament  Languages  and 

Exegesis,  1898-99. 


^egapolensis,  Samuel,  1659;  Bertholf,  Guilliam,  1693;  Frelinghuysen,  Theo- 
dore, 1745;  Frelinghuysen,  John,  1750;  Romeyn,  Thomas,  1752;  Vrooman, 
Barent,  1752;  Frelinghuysen,  Ferdinand,  1752;  Frelinghuysen,  Jacoh,  1752"; 
Schunema,  John,  1753;  Jackson,  William,  1757;  Van  Harlingen,  John  M.,  1761; 
Livingston,  John  H.,  1770,  who  fitly  terminated  the  custom. 

'Licensed  by  the  Coetus:  Vander  Linde,  Benjamin,  1748;  Leydt,  John,  1748; 
■Goetschius,  John  H.,  1748;  Verbryck,  Samuel,  1749;  Marinus,  David,  1752.  Li- 
censed by  the  American  Classis:    Frelinghuysen,  Henry,  1754;  Goetschius,  John 

M.,  1754;   Hardenbergh,  Jacob  R.,  1758;  Barcolo,  ,  1758;   Van  Nist,  Jacob, 

1758;  Schoonmaker,  Henry,  1763;  Du  Bois,  Benjamin,  1764;  Schoonmaker, 
Martin,  1765;  Romeyn,  Theodoric,  1766. 

'Lydekker,  Garret,  1765. 

4It  was  not  contemplated  that  they  should  have  a  pastoral  charge  at  the  same 
time,  but  a  fund  was  to  be  raised  to  support  them.  It  was  also  enjoined  that 
they  should  preach  every  few  weeks  In  the  place  of  their  residence,  both  for 
the  relief  of  the  minister  and  to  afford  to  the  student  an  example  of  a  well- 
composed  discourse. 

cVan  Voorhis,  Stephen,  1772;  Van  Bunechoten,  Elias,  1773;  Van  Nest,  Rynier, 
1773;  Froeligh,  Sol.,  1774;  Goetschius,  Stephen,  1775;  De  Witt,  Peter,  1778; 
Leydt,  Mat.,  1778;  Lansing,  Nic,  1780;  Blauvelt,  1782;  Van  Arsdale,  Simeon, 
1782;  Romeyn,  Theodore  F.,  1783;  Duryee,  John,  1784;  Blauvelt,  Timothy,  1784. 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  185 

°This  was  reprinted  in  Latin  in  "Centennial  Discourses,"  1876,  first  edition, 
and  also  separately  in  pamphlet  form. 

TBefore  the  professorate  was  established,  each  student,  in  general,  paid  five 
pounds  for  his  licensure,  and  the  church  receiving  a  licentiate  paid  fifteen 
pounds,   to  the  Synod. 

sThe  relation  of  the  old  provisional  Synod,  1771-1793,  and  which  was  con- 
tinued as  Particular  Synod,  1793-1799,  to  the  General  Synod,  constituted  in 
1794,  and  which  met  only  trieimially,  had  not  yet  clearly  defined  itself. 

This  eviction  of  the  two  Professors,  Froeligh  and  Romeyn,  of  1797,  out  of 
their  professorships  in  this  way,  which  was  certainly  somewhat  irregular,  was 
one  of  the  causes  of  bitterness,  at  least  on  the  part  of  Froeligh,  which  led  on 
to  the  secession  of  1822.     See  "Taylor's  Annals,"  227-8. 

9See  this  action  in  "Centennial  Volume  of  Seminary,"  p.  362,  and  the  election 
of  Mr.  Livingston  as  Permanent  Professor,  "Minutes  General  Synod,"  1804  pp 
334,  339. 

10See  this  Covenant  in  "Centennial  of  Seminary,"  p.  363. 

"This  letter  is  printed  in  "Livingston's  Life,"  and  in  "New  Brunswick  Re- 
view," and  in  the  "Centennial  Volume  of  the  Seminary."    See  pp.  367-373. 

12Peter  Hertzog  was  a  native  and  a  citizen  of  Philadelphia,  of  German  an- 
cestry. He  was  an  upright  and  successful  business  man,  of  dignified  presence 
and  well-balanced  character,  gentle  in  his  deportment,  benevolent  in  his  im- 
pulses, and  a  firm  and  honorable  friend.  He  was  a  constant  attendant  of  the 
Crown  Street  Reformed  Dutch  Church,  under  the  ministry  of  the  Rev.  Jacob 
Brodhead,  D.  D.,  and  of  the  Rev.  George  W.  Bethune,  D.  D.,  and  was  one  of 
the  founders  and  liberal  contributors  for  the  building  and  support  of  the  Third 
Reformed  Dutch  Church  of  that  city.  He  was  the  President  of  its  Board  of 
Trustees  for  several  years,  and  was  always  one  of  its  most  useful  and  devoted 
friends.  He  never  made  a  public  profession  of  his  faith  in  Christ,  but  had 
intended  to  do  so  at  the  communion  which  took  place  only  two  weeks  after  his 
decease.  Mr.  Hertzog  died  in  January,  1842,  in  the  sixty-second  year  of  his 
age.  His  widow,  Mrs.  Anna  Hartzog,  was  a  woman  of  strong  mind  and  well- 
developed  character.  She  was  prudent  and  wise,  self-reliant  and  yet  modest, 
active  and  self-contained,  dignified  and  somewhat  quaint  in  manner  and 
speech,  eminently  pious  and  attached  to  the  Church  and  to  the  orthodox  faith, 
kind-hearted  and  benevolent.  Down  to  her  last  year  of  life  she  transacted  her 
own  business,  and  managed  her  household  affairs  with  old-fashioned  exact- 
ness and  regularity.  She  was  scrupulously  punctual  at  church,  and  manifested 
unfailing  interest  in  every  thing  that  concerned  its  welfare.  Being  childless 
and  revering  the  memory  of  her  late  husband  with  almost  passionate  ardor, 
she  erected  and  endowed  "The  Peter  Hertzog  Theological  Hall"  as  the  monu- 
ment of  her  love  to  him.  The  honor  of  suggesting  this  appropriation  of  funds 
to  her  is  due  to  her  confidential  friend,  the  late  Rev.  Dr.  John  Ludlow,  at 
whose  advice  she  had  previously  inserted  in  her  will  a  legacy  of  $25,000  to 
endow  a  professorship  in  the  Theological  Seminary  at  New  Brunswick  which 
was  to  bear  the  same  honored  name.  But  when  the  necessities  of  the  insti- 
tution required  a  hall,  Dr.  Ludlow  induced  Mrs.  H.  to  anticipate  and  revoke 
this  legacy,  and  to  devote  the  aforesaid  sum  to  the  proposed  hall.  At  the  fur- 
ther suggestion  of  her  pastor,  Rev.  W.  J.  R.  Taylor,  D.  D.,  who  cooperated 
with  Dr.  Ludlow  in  this  matter,  she  added  $5,000  to  it,  making  the  sum  of 
$30,000,  to  which  she  made  a  subsequent  addition  of  about  $800  for  completing 
the  edifice;  and  in  her  will  was  found  a  legacy  of  $10,000,  the  interest  of  which 
only  is  to  be  used  for  the  maintenance  and  repairs  of  the  hall.  Mrs.  Hertzog's 
liberality  found  many  other  unostentatious  channels  during  her  long  life,  and 
specially  in  her  latter  years.  Her  serene  and  beautiful  old  age  was  cheered 
by  unwavering  trust  in  Christ,  and  it  closed  in  a  peaceful  and  happy  death 
on  the  9th  day  of  June,  1866,  in  her  eightieth  year.  Her  remains  were  interred 
beside  those  of  her  husband  in  the  beautiful  Laurel  Hill  Cemetery,  on  the 
bank  of  the  Schuylkill  River.  The  General  Synod  of  the  Reformed  Church 
being  in  session  at  the  time,  after  receiving  official  tidings  of  her  departure, 
passed  a  series  of  appropriate  resolutions  in  commendation  of  their  deceased 
benefactress,  and  appointed  the  Faculty  of  the  Theological  Seminary  as  a 
special  committee  to  attend  her  obsequies.  (See  "Minutes  of  General  Synod  " 
June,  1866,  pp.  Ill,  112.) 

13See  "In  Memory  of  Rev.  Dr.  William  H.  Campbell,"  pp.  41,  42,  for  an  ac- 
count of  the  origin   of  Hertzog  Hall. 

"The  history  from  1869-1879  was  continued  by  Dr.  D.  D.  Demarest,  and  from 
1879-1901   bv  Dr.   W.    H.   S.   Demarest. 


l86  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 


CHAPTER  XIII. 

UNION    COLLEGE    IN    ITS    RELATIONS    TO    THE   REFORMED 

CHURCH. 

BY    THE    REV.    CORNELIUS    VAN    SANTVOORD,    D.D. 

Union  College  began  its  career  as  a  chartered  institution  in  1795,  and 
from  that  period  onward  has  sustained  close  and  important  relations  to  the 
Reformed  (Dutch)  Church.  With  the  exception  of  the  college  at  New 
Brunswick,  this  college  has  furnished  from  its  alumni  a  larger  number  of 
ministers  who  have  done  honorable  service  in  the  Reformed  Church  than 
any  similar  institution  in  the  land.  It  has  educated,  moreover,  a  goodly 
number  of  sons  of  the  church  who  have  devoted  themselves  to  the  other 
learned  professions,  or  to  various  practical  callings  of  whatever  name. 
Many  have  reached  eminence  therein,  and  most  of  them,  it  is  safe  to  say, 
have,  by  useful  and  influential  lives,  reflected  credit  upon  the  institution 
that  nurtured  and  sent  them  forth.  Not  a  few  of  these  men  have  remained 
in  the  church  of  their  childhood,  and  wherever  it  has  been  their  lot  to  labor 
have  not  ceased  to  regard  with  affection  and  gratitude  the  Alma  Mater 
whose  counsels  and  care  aimed  to  develop  their  minds,  to  form  their  char- 
acters, and  to  implant  principles  that  should  make  their  like  work  earnest. 
brave,  and  true.  Thus  the  ties  binding  them  to  the  college  that  so  bene- 
fited them  were  strong,  and  grew  stronger  as  the  graduating  numbers 
steadily  increased.  And  it  had  been  strange,  indeed,  if  persons  thus  related 
to  the  college  should  regard  it  with  other  than  warm  filial  sentiments;  or 
if  the  college,  on  the  other  hand,  should  look  with  slight  interest  on  a 
church  in  which  so  many  of  its  sons,  well  trained  and  furnished  for  their 
work,  were  manfully  engaged  in  promoting  the  true  interests  of  society. 

Union  College  may  be  said  to  owe  its  origin  to  the  Dutch  Church.  It 
arose,  in  fact,  out  of  the  Schenectady  Academy,  which  was  established  in 
1785  through  the  enterprise  and  efforts  of  the  Rev.  Dirck  Romeyn,  D.D., 
then  pastor  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  of  Schenectady.  Dr.  Romeyn 
had  removed  from  Hackensack,  N.  J.,  to  assume  this  charge  in  1784.  He 
was  a  man  of  ripe  culture,  of  enlightened  views,  a  sound  theologian,  an 
able  preacher,  experienced  in  affairs,  and  progressive  in  the  matter  of  edu- 
cation. He  found,  on  coming  to  Schenectady,  no  schools  save  the  simplest 
elementary  ones,  and  that  an  urgent  need  existed  for  a  school  of  a  higher 
order.  He  bent  his  energies  to  the  task  of  providing  one  of  this  character; 
and  succeeded  in  so  enlisting  the  people  of  his  charge  in  the  proposed  work 
that  an  academy  was  soon  planted,  mainly,  if  not  entirely,  through  their 
contributions.  A  substantial  stone  edifice  of  two  stories  was  erected  for 
this  high  school  in  1785  on  the  corner  of  Union  and  Ferry  Streets.     The  in- 


o 


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1 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  187 

stitution  met  with  a  fair  measure  of  success  from  its  first  opening,  and  was, 
after  ten  years  of  prosperous  life,  promoted  to  the  dignity  of  a  college — the 
one  institution  being  merged,  as  it  were,  in  the  other.  The  establishing 
of  a  college  at  Schenectady  was  a  realization  of  one  of  the  fondest  dreams 
of  Dr.  Romeyn  after  coming  to  the  place,  and  his  influence  in  bringing 
the  event  to  pass  had  so  much  weight  as  to  make  it  well  nigh  decisive.  It 
is  no  less  certain  that  the  location  of  the  college  at  Schenectady,  after  its 
existence  had  been  determined  on,  was  mainly  due  to  Dr.  Romeyn's  zeal 
and  influence.  This  is  shown  in  a  letter  written  by  Governor  de  Witt 
Clinton  to  Rev.  John  B.  Romeyn,  son  of  Dr.  Dirck  Romeyn,  an  extract  from 
which  may  be  fittingly  given  as  follows : 

"When  the  Legislature  met  in  New  York,  about  thirty  years  ago,  your 
excellent  father  attended  the  Regents  of  the  University  to  solicit  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  college  at  Schenectady.  Powerful  opposition  was  made  by 
Albany.  I  was  the  Secretary  of  the  University,  and  I  had  the  opportunity 
of  observing  the  characters  of  the  men  concerned  in  this  application,  and 
the  whole  of  its  progress  to  ultimate  success ;  and  I  have  no  doubt  but  the 
weight  and  respectability  of  your  father's  character  procured  a  decision  in 
favor  of  Schenectady.  Governor  George  Clinton  and  General  Schuyler, 
almost  always  in  opposition  to  each  other,  united  on  this  question.  I  had 
frequent  occasion,  from  my  official  situation,  to  see  your  father,  and  what  I 
have  said  of  him  was  an  expression  of  the  head  as  well  as  of  the  heart,  in 
favor  of  eminent  merit.  There  was  something  in  his  manner,  peculiarly 
dignified  and  benevolent,  calculated  to  create  veneration  as  well  as  affection, 
and  it  made  an  impression  on  my  mind  that  will  never  be  erased." — 
Sprague's  Annals  of  American  Pulpit — Art.  Dirck  Romeyn,  D.D. 

The  college  remained  in  this  humble  edifice  till  1804,  when  it  removed  to 
roomier  quarters  in  a  building  erected  expressly  for  its  accommodation, 
now  known  as  the  "Old  College,"  which,  though  begun  in  1796,  was  not 
ready  for  occupation  till  eight  years  later.  In  the  complexion  of  its  first 
Board  of  Trustees  the  infant  college  might  almost  be  *aid  to  be  a  Dutch 
Church  institution.  Out  of  thirty-three  trustees,  of  whom  twenty-seven 
were  appointed  in  1795  and  the  remaining  six  the  year  following,  nearly 
one-half  were  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  household,  by  descent,  or 
ecclesiastical  connection,  or  both.  The  names  of  those  designated  are 
Robert,  Joseph  C,  Abraham,  and  John  Yates  (three  of  them  from  Schenec- 
tady). Abraham  Ten  Broeck,  Stephen  van  Rensselaer  (the  patroon),  John 
Glen,  Dr.  Dirck  Romeyn,  Nicholas  Veeder,  James  Shuter,  Isaac  Vrooman, 
Rev.  James  V.  C.  Romeyn,  Dirck  Ten  Broeck,  Guert  van  Schoonhoven, 
Philip  S.  van  Rensselaer,  and  perhaps  two  or  three  others  might  be  added 
from  the  list  of  trustees  as  properly  belonging  to  the  class  just  described. 
Of  the  only  two  professors  besides  the  President,  the  Rev.  John  Blair  Smith, 
D.D.,  whose  services  the  college  enjoyed  in  its  opening  years,  one  was  the 
Rev.  Andrew  Yates,  D.D.,  well  known  as  long  connected  with  the  Reformed 
Dutch  Church.  The  third  professor,  associated  with  the  others  in  1798,  was 
Cornelius  H.  van  der  Heuvel,  whose  name  indicates  his  ancestry.     The 


l88  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN     AMERICA. 

number  of  students  in  the  college  when  President  Smith  entered  on  his 
administration  did  not  exceed  twenty.  The  first  graduating  class  in  1797 
numbered  three  besides  one  who  did  not  pursue  a  full  classical  course.  All 
four  of  these  became  clergymen — three  of  them,  viz.,  Cornelius  D.  Scher- 
merhorn,  John  L.  Zabriskie,  and  Thomas  Romeyn,  having  exercised  all 
their  ministry  in  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church.  In  the  classes  graduating 
in  the  succeeding  years  till  1804,  and  receiving,  therefore,  the  benefits  of  the 
college  during  its  inchoate  existence  in  the  academy  building,  are  found 
the  names  of  well-known  and  honored  ministers  of  our  communion.  There 
were  graduated  during  this  period  Herman  Vedder  and  Henry  Ostrander 
(whose  deaths  occurred  only  a  few  years  ago,  both  aged  upward  of  ninety), 
Jacob  Brodhead,  and  Cornelius  D.  Westbrook  (who  served  as  tutors  in  the 
college  from  1802  to  1805),  Peter  van  Buren,  James  M.  Matthews,  Andrew 
N.  Kittle,  William  McMurray,  and  Stephen  N.  Rowan.  During  the  five 
following  years,  till  1809,  there  were  graduated  from  the  college  Gilbert  R. 
Livingston  in  1805 ;  Cornelius  C.  Cuyler,  Jesse  Fonda,  and  John  S.  Mabon, 
1806;  Peter  S.  Wynkoop,  1807;  Thomas  de  Witt  and  Robert  Bronk,  1808; 
Alexander  McClelland,  Jacob  van  Vechten,  and  John  de  Witt,  1809.  All  of 
these,  "having  served  their  generation,  by  the  will  of  God  have  fallen 
asleep."  The  list  of  professors  in  Rutgers  College  contains  the  names  of  a 
number  of  men  well  known  to  the  church  who  claimed  Union  College  as 
their  Alma  Mater;  while  among  those  who  have  rendered  service  as 
teachers  in  the  Theological  School  at  New  Brunswick  are  the  Rev.  Drs. 
John  de  Witt,  McClelland,  Van  Vranken,  Ludlow,  and  Van  Zandt — all 
alumni  of  the  Schenectady  College.  This  college,  too,  has  had  a  liberal  rep- 
resentation of  its  alumni,  laymen  as  well  as  clergy,  among  the  honored 
members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  in  Rutgers  College — several  at  the  pres- 
ent time  holding  this  position,  and  one,  the  Hon.  John  A.  Lott,  having 
recently  died.  The  whole  number  of  graduates  or  alumni  of  Union  College 
who  have  served  the  Reformed  Church,  either  in  the  Christian  ministry  or 
as  teachers  in  various  departments  during  the  nineteenth  century — which 
spans  nearly  the  whole  period  of  the  life  of  the  institution — is  not  less, 
probably,  than  one  hundred  and  seventy.  The  benefits  conferred,  not  upon 
ihe  Reformed  Church  alone,  but  upon  communities,  and  more  widely  upon 
society,  by  all  these  educated  minds  consecrated  by  grace  to  the  noblest 
ends,  no  estimate  of  ours  can  adequately  set  forth. 

The  position  of  Union  College,  in  the  heart  of  a  fertile  region  largely  set- 
tled by  people  from  the  Netherlands,  had  much  to  do  with  attracting  so 
many  of  the  sons  of  the  church  to  its  halls.  But  one  college — Columbia — 
existed  in  the  state  at  the  time  of  its  founding,  and  for  several  following 
years.  The  western  portion  of  the  state  were  little  more  than  a  wilder- 
ness; and  to  those  dwelling  in  the  valleys  of  the  Mohawk  and  the  Hudson, 
Union  College  was  not  only  easily  accessible,  but  formed  a  prominent  point 
of  literary  interest.  The  character  of  the  institution,  moreover,  served  to 
render  it  popular.  It  was  a  Union  College  in  fact  as  in  name.  It  was  not 
cramped  by  denominational  fetters.  It  breathed  a  free  air,  and  yet  in  its 
system,  laws,  administration,  it  exerted  a  distinctly  Christian  influence,  its 
creed  and  practice  agreeing  that  religion  is  the  basis  of  all  sound  educa- 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  I&) 

tion.  Its  liberal  spirit  found  favor  with  those  whose  fathers  beyond  the 
sea  loved  liberty  and  struggled  and  suffered  to  secure  it.  Its  scientific 
course,  which  this  college  was  the  first  among  American  colleges  to  adopt, 
and  to  which  it  has  ever  steadfastly  adhered,  enabled  young  men  intent  on 
qualifying  themselves  for  practical  business  pursuits,  and  who  had  little 
taste  for,  or  felt  they  might  well  dispense  with,  a  full  classical  education, 
to  confine  themselves  to  studies  best  adapted,  as  they  conceived,  to  reach 
the  ends  they  had  in  view.  This  was  another  feature  in  the  popularity  of 
the  college,  the  wisdom  of  the  system  being  amply  vindicated  by  the  fruits 
it  yielded,  as  well  as  by  the  fact  that  many  colleges  have  since  adopted  it. 
In  addition  to  all,  the  presiding  genius  of  the  college,  who  held  the  reins  of 
its  government  with  firm  but  gentle  hand  for  upward  of  three  score  years, 
was  a  man  whose  fame  as  a  consummate  teacher  of  youth  spread  to  all  parts 
of  the  land ;  who,  by  rare  personal  magnetism,  won  the  hearts  of  his  pupils 
insensibly  while  he  attracted  their  respect,  impressed  his  sagacious  counsels 
upon  their  minds,  inspired  them  with  ardor  in  the  pursuit  of  knowledge, 
and  with  honorable  ambition  to  act  a  manly  part  in  whatever  sphere,  and 
so  to  live  that  when  they  died  the  world  would  be  the  better  for  their  hav- 
ing lived  in  it.  The  name  of  Dr.  Nott  will  always  be  identified  with  the 
history  and  mission  of  Union  College,  and  the  good  influences  wrought  upon 
and  through  the  many  hundreds  sent  into  the  active  ranks  of  the  world's 
toilers  from  under  his  care  will  prove  certain  and  enduring. 

To  show  what  Union  College  has  done  toward  elevating  the  standard  of 
true  education,  what  good  influences  have  been  wrought  upon  society  by 
the  large  numbers  of  young  men  whom  she  has  trained,  and  who  have 
found  a  home  and  field  of  labor  in  every  part  of  the  land — to  show  how  far 
the  college  has  been  true  to  its  mission,  how  faithfully  and  well  it  has  per- 
formed the  responsible  work  expected  of  it  by  the  Christian  public — how 
liberally  and  fully  its  system  of  instruction  has  adapted  itself  to  the  wants 
of  the  age — would  require  much  more  space  than  has  been  placed  at  our 
disposal.  It  would  be  easy  to  point  to  a  great  array  of  "witnesses"  to  ex- 
hibit the  kind,  the  value,  and  the  fruits  of  the  education  received  within  its 
halls — "witnesses"  appearing  in  the  ranks  of  the  laity  as  well  as  those  of 
the  clergy,  the  profession  itself  of  the  latter  standing  as  a  guaranty  for  the 
character  of  their  influence  and  work.  From  a  large  number  of  eminent 
names  belonging  to  the  former  class,  who  have  done  their  college  honor 
and  the  world  good,  one  alone  is  selected  for  particular  mention — the  rather 
that  he  was  for  many  years  a  most  exemplary  member  of  the  Reformed 
Church,  and  a  man  who,  though  a  layman,  was  sometimes  mistaken  for 
a  clergyman  by  those  who  knew  him  only  through  his  writings.  It  is  cer- 
tain that  he  would  have  adorned  the  ranks  of  the  ministry  of  any  church, 
into  which,  indeed,  his  temper,  inclinations,  and  the  bent  of  his  studies 
might  have  prompted  him  to  enter,  but  for  his  shrinking  distrust  of  his  own 
fitness  to  wear  the  robes  of  the  sacred  office.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Union 
College  in  the  class  of  1820,  and  for  the  fifty-five  succeeding  years  of  his 
life  repaid  the  benefits  the  college  had  conferred  in  his  training  by  the 
staunchest'  loyalty,  and  by  promoting  its  interests  to  the  extent  of  his 
power.     He  loved  to  be  present  at  every  commencement  gathering  of  the 


190  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 

sons  of  the  college,  nor  was  he  absent  from  these  occasions  more  than  once 
or  twice  from  his  graduation  to  the  time  of  his  death.  For  eighteen  years 
a  member  of  the  corps  of  professors,  he  delighted  to  convey  to  others  of  the 
ample  stores  his  industry  and  love  of  literature  had  enabled  him  to  amass, 
regarding  himself  as  indebted  to  the  college  for  preparing  him  and  inspir- 
ing him  to  fill  his  position  as  teacher.  Tayler  Lewis  stood  in  the  foremost 
rank  of  American  scholars.  As  an  Orientalist  and  Biblical  critic  he  had 
few  equals  among  the  men  of  his  age.  His  contributions  to  Lange's  Com- 
mentary— the  books  of  Genesis  and  Job  receiving  his  special  care — show  at 
once  the  scope  and  accuracy  of  his  scholarship,  and  will  be  an  abiding 
monument  to  his  rare  qualifications  as  an  interpreter  of  the  "lively  oracles." 
His  modesty  was  equal  to  his  learning.  He  brought  to  the  investigation  of 
the  Scriptures  a  spirit  of  the  most  profound  reverence  and  humility,  loving 
to  sit  at  the  feet  of  the  Great  Teacher  and  "learn  of  him" — looking  up  to 
him  with  meek  and  childlike  confidence,  day  by  day,  for  light,  guidance, 
and  strength  to  perform  aright  his  duties  as  a  Christian  man,  not  less  than 
the  arduous  labors  to  which  his  life  was  devoted.  These  labors,  fruitful 
in  good  to  the  cause  he  loved,  he  carried  on  with  indomitable  resolution  to 
the  close  of  his  life,  in  spite  of  physical  infirmities  which  would  have  caused 
ordinary  men  to  sit  down  disheartened  and  in  despair.  At  length,  in  a  good 
old  age,  he  laid  down  his  pen,  laying  aside  with  ft  all  mortal  burdens,  the 
Master  bidding  him  "rest  from  his  labors."  And  "his  works  do  follow 
him,"  linked  to  a  name  of  which  the  college  that  nurtured  him  will  never 
cease  to  be  proud,  which  the  communion  whose  privileges  he  so  long  en- 
joyed will  always  honor,  and  which  well  deserves  a  place  in  this  memorial 
as  belonging  to  one  "whose  praise  is  in  the  Gospel  throughout  all  the 
churches." 

PRESIDENTS    OF   UNION    COLLEGE. 

Rev.  Dr.  John  Blair  Smith,  1795-99;  Rev-  Dr.  Jonathan  Edwards,  Jr., 
1799-1801;  Rev.  Dr.  Jonathan  Maxey,  1802-4;  Rev.  Dr.  Eliphalet  •  Nott, 
1804-61;  Rev.  Dr.  Laurens  Perseus  Hickok,  1861-68;  Hon.  Ira  Harris, 
LL.D.,  Acting  President,  1868-69;  Rev.  Dr.  Charles  Augustus  Aiken,  1869- 
71 ;  Rev.  Dr.  Eliphalet  Nott  Potter,  1871-84;  Hon.  Judson  S.  Landon,  LL.D., 
1884-88;  Harrison  E.  Webster,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  1888-94;  Rev.  Dr.  Andrew 
van  Vranken  Raymond,   1894. 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  191 


CHAPTER  XIV. 
HOPE    COLLEGE   AT    HOLLAND,    MICHIGAN.1 


BY    PROFESSOR    HENRY    BOERS. 


LOCATION,  ENVIRONS,  ETC. 

Holland  is  a  town  of  about  10,000  inhabitants  and  beautifully  located  at 
the  head  of  Macatawa  Bay,  one  of  the  most  picturesque  sheets  of  water 
in  Western  Michigan.  The  bay  is  about  six  miles  long,  about  two  miles  in 
greatest  width,  and,  at  its  western  end,  opens  into  Lake  Michigan.  This 
opening  was  very  shallow  when  the  first  Dutch  settlers  reached  these  parts 
in  1847,  and  was  by  them  called  "De  Mond,"  which  means  "The  Mouth" 
or  "Opening"  into  the  larger  outer  lake.  Later  this  mouth  was  widened 
and  deepened,  piers  were  built  hundreds  of  feet  in  length,  a  lighthouse  was 
erected,  a  life-saving  station  established,  and  thus  in  time  the  place  became 
known  as  Holland  Harbor.  High  hills  skirt  the  shore  of  Lake  Michigan 
both  to  the  north  and  south  of  the  harbor ;  these  are  beautifully  wooded  and 
their  highest  peaks  afford  charming  views  over  the  wide  expanse  of  the 
large  freshwater  sea  toward  the  west,  over  the  whole  area  of  the  bay 
stretching  six  miles  eastward  to  Holland,  and  over  numerous  country  homes 
and  fertile  farms  and  rolling  fields  for  miles  around. 

When  the  Dutch  colonists  first  located  here  the  bay  was  known  as 
"Black  Lake,"  probably  because  its  waters  are  darker  than  the  pure,  clear 
waters  of  the  outer  lake.  In  course  of  time,  when  the  location,  accessi- 
bility and  picturesque  beauty  of  this  bay  became  more  generally  known, 
tourists  came  to  its  shores  in  large  numbers.  Through  them  the  beautiful 
grounds  lying  around  the  western  end  of  the  bay  and  between  it  and  the 
larger  lake,  with  their  wooded  hills  and  deep  and  shady  ravines,  received 
extensive  advertisement.  Several  hotels  were  erected,  numerous  cottages 
were  built,  steamers  and  launches  enlivened  the  lake,  it  became  a  resort 
where  thousands  found  rest  and  recreation  every  season.  On  the  south 
shore  developed  such  places  as  "Macatawa  Park,"  "Central  Park,"  "Vir- 
ginia Park,"  and  on  the  north  shore  such  as  "Evanston  Beach,"  "Wauka- 
zoo,"  and  "Ottawa  Beach."  A  change  had  come  over  the  whole  scene  and 
with  it  there  came  also  the  desire  to  change  the  old  name  of  the  lake.  Thus 
"Black  Lake"  became  "Macatawa  Bay"  and  the  older  and  more  euphonious 
Indian  name,  which  these  waters  bore  when  the  Ottawas  and  Pottowa- 
tomies  still  roamed  the  forests  of  Western  Michigan,  was  again  restored.^ 

Around  the  eastern  end  of  this  bay  lies  the  city  of  Holland,  with  its 


102  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 

straight,  well-shaded,  well-graded,  and  graveled  streets,  and  surrounded  by 
a  frugal,  industrious,  and  prosperous  farming  community.  The  Pere  Mar- 
quette Railway  connects  the  city  with  Chicago  and  the  great  West,  and 
with  all  important  points  on  the  east  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  with  Grand 
Rapids  in  the  interior  of  the  State  and  thus  with  all  points  East.  Chicago 
is  about  150  miles  distant  by  rail  and  Grand  Rapids  about  twenty-five  miles. 
Holland  is  also  connected  with  the  latter  city  and  with  other  surrounding 
towns  by  means  of  trolley  lines.  When  navigation  is  open  there  are  daily 
lines  of  steamboats  connecting  Holland  with  Chicago,  Milwaukee,  and 
other  lake  ports. 

Among  its  growing  industries  Holland  points  with  pride  to  a  number  of 
furniture  factories,  to  one  of  the  largest  tanneries  in  the  United  States,  to 
a  large  sugar  factory,  and  to  numerous  smaller  industries.  Electricity 
lights  all  the  streets,  all  places  of  business,  and  many  of  the  homes  of 
Holland ;  her  water  supply  is  abundant  and  excellent,  and  her  general 
health  record  good. 

EARLY  ACTION  OF  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH  WITH  REFER- 
ENCE TO  EDUCATION  IN  ITS  WESTERN  FIELD. 

It  has  been  said,  and  certainly  with  truth,  that  the  Pilgrims  who  came  to 
the  bleak  shores  of  New  England  were  not  "restless  fanatics  nor  romantic 
roamers."  On  the  contrary,  it  is  true  that,  "Ideas  and  principles  wafted 
the  Mayflower  from  Delft  Haven  over  the  deep  as  verily  as  did  the  favor- 
ing winds  that  blew."  The  Hollanders  who  came  to  the  port  of  Manhattan 
and  the  Hollanders  who  subsequently  came  to  Michigan  were  animated  by 
the  same  "ideas  and  principles"  as  the  Pilgrims  of  New  England.  They  did 
not  leave  the  religion  and  education  of  their  "lowland"  homes  behind  them, 
but  they  brought  both  minister  and  schoolmaster  with  them,  and  they 
placed  the  schoolhouse  under  the  very  shadow  of  the  church.  They  re- 
garded the  academy,  the  college,  and  the  seminary  as  indispensable  to 
healthy  church-life.  Some  one  has  said,  "In  their  weakness  and  numerical 
smallness,  they  established  classical  academies  all  through  those  parts  of 
the  country  which  they  occupied."  And  is  it  not  true?  We  find  a  chain 
of  them  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  lakes — New  York,  Hackensack,  Albany, 
Schenectady,  Somerville,  Fort  Plain,  Kinderhook,  New  Paltz,  Kingston, 
Flatbush,  and  others. 

As  early  as  1836  there  came  "a  request  to  General  Synod  from  the  Classis 
of  Schoharie  on  the  subject  of  establishing  a  theological  seminary,  a  col- 
lege, and  a  preparatory  school  in  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi."  In  answer 
to  this  request  the  Synod  resolved — "That  a  commission  of  two  persons  be 
appointed  by  the  Board  of  Missions  of  the  General  Synod  to  visit  the 
Western  States  and  the  Territory  of  Michigan,  and  report  on  the  expedi- 
ency of  establishing  missionary  stations  for  the  benefit  of  those  formerly 
connected  with  our  church  and  for  their  children." 

In  1843  the  special  attention  of  Synod  was  again  directed  to  the  "im- 
portance of  Christian  education  in  the  West,"  where  our  denomination 
then   numbered    seven   churches,   comprising   the   Classes   of  Illinois    and 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  193 

Michigan.  That  Synod  also  took  favorable  action  and  recommended  "the 
creating  and  sustaining  of  schools  of  a  superior  grade  which  should  afford 
a  good  and  thorough  education  and  inculcate  the  principles  of  pure  morality 
and  sound  religion." 

In  1847  occurred  the  great  immigration  of  Hollanders  to  Michigan  and 
neighboring  states.  A  fresh  motive  was  thus  presented  which  found  ex- 
pression in  a  report  to  the  Synod  of  that  year  in  which  we  find  the  follow- 
ing: "Added  to  all  the  claims  advanced  by  patriotism,  by  humanity,  by 
religion,  we  have  an  appeal  to  our  affections  and  sympathies,  based  on 
endearing  affinities.  A  new  body  of  Pilgrims  has  reached  our  shores  from 
Holland,  the  land  of  our  fathers,  and  the  shelter,  in  ages  gone  by,  to  out- 
casts by  persecution."  The  Synod  of  1848  resolved — "That  the  Board  of 
Missions  give  special  attention  to  the  wants  of  the  Protestant  Hollanders, 
with  a  view  to  bringing  them  into  connection  with  our  own  church,  upon 
which  they  have  greater  claims  than  upon  any  other  denomination  in  our 
land."  Thus  we  see  what  sympathetic  welcome  the  Reformed  Church 
extended  to  the  immigration  of  1847. 

THE  PIONEER  SCHOOL. 

The  Holland  colony  had  been  planted  in  Western  Michigan  by  Rev.  A.  C. 
van  Raalte.  The  colonists  had  many  wants,  physical  and  spiritual.  They 
felt  that  educated  ministers  and  teachers  were  essential  for  the  proper 
training  of  the  rising  generation.  No  one  felt  these  needs  more  keenly 
than  Dr.  van  Raalte,  and  yet  all  that  could  be  done  was  the  formation  of 
a  few  district  schools,  and  even  in  these  but  little  progress  could  be  made 
on  account  of  difficulties  of  language.  Here,  then,  was  a  field  where  the 
missionary  spirit  of  the  Reformed  Church  could  find  employment. 

In  1850  Rev.  John  Garretson,  D.D.,  who  was  then  Corresponding  Secre- 
tary of  the  Board  of  Domestic  Missions,  had  made  an  official  visit  to  the 
Holland  colony,  and  he  had  there  interviewed  Dr.  van  Raalte.  On  his 
return  East  Dr.  Garretson  drew  up  a  plan  of  a  high  school  for  the  Hol- 
landers in  Western  Michigan,  whose  object  should  be — "To  prepare  sons 
of  the  colonists  from  Holland  for  Rutgers  College,  and  also  to  educate 
daughters  of  said  colonists." 

Subscriptions  were  obtained  by  Dr.  Garretson  on  the  express  condition 
that  five  acres  of  land  be  procured  in  the  town  of  Holland  for  the  use  and 
purpose  of  an  academy.  In  accordance  with  this  Dr.  van  Raalte  donated 
a  lot  of  five  acres  which  is  to-day  part  of  the  campus  of  Hope  College. 
In  1859  the  campus  was  enlarged  from  five  to  sixteen  acres. 

The  Pioneer  School  secured  its  first  Principal  in  1851  in  the  person  of 
Mr.  Walter  T.  Taylor,  then  an  elder  in  the  Reformed  Church  of  Geneva, 
N.  Y.  Assisted  by  his  son  and  two  daughters,  he  labored  at  Holland  for 
about  three  years,  and,  during  part  of  that  time,  "in  a  building  owned  by 
the  only  church  then  existing  in  the  locality."  Thus,  amid  many  disap- 
pointments and  trials,  had  the  pioneer  school  of  Hope  been  started,  of 
which  Dr.  van  Raalte  said,  "This  is  my  anchor  of  Hope  for  this  people  in 
the  future." 


194  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 

THE  SCHOOL  PLACED  UNDER  THE  CARE  OF  GENERAL 

SYNOD. 

In  1854,  General  Synod,  on  learning  that  Mr.  Taylor  wished  to  resign, 
changed  its  method  of  administration  and  resolved — "That  the  Boards  of 
Education  and  Domestic  Missions  be  instructed  to  combine  their  arrange- 
ments for  the  benefit  of  the  colony  of  Holland;  that  a  minister  of  our 
Church  be  selected  competent  at  once  to  preach  the  Gospel  and  conduct  the 
instruction  of  the  Academy;  and  that  he  be  supported  by  the  joint  contribu- 
tions of  the  two  Boards."  Thus  the  whole  enterprise  was  placed  under  the 
care  of  Synod.  Mr.  Taylor  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  F.  P.  Beidler,  by  whom 
English  preaching  was  begun  in  the  new  settlement.  In  1855  Rev.  John 
van  Vleck,  who  had  just  been  graduated  from  the  Theological  Seminary  at 
New  Brunswick,  was  appointed  "Principal  of  the  Holland  Academy,"  as  the 
school  was  now  named,  and  "Missionary  Preacher  in  the  Colony." 

It  was  during  his  administration  that  a  large  brick  building  of  four 
stories  was  erected  on  the  five  acres  of  ground  donated  by  Dr.  van  Raalte. 
This  structure  served  as  a  dwelling  for  the  Principal,  as  a  student  dormi- 
tory, as  a  library,  as  a  chapel,  and  as  a  recitation  hall,  all  in  one.  The 
moneys  for  the  building  and  for  some  subsequent  additions  to  the  property 
in  1859,  amounting  to  about  $12,000,  were  chiefly  collected  in  the  East  by 
Dr.  van  Raalte,  on  three  separate  journeys  for  that  purpose.  Located  on 
an  elevation,  as  the  building  is.  and  standing  under  the  shade  of  the  beauti- 
ful beeches  and  maples,  by  which  it  is  partly  surrounded,  it  is  even  to-day 
imposing,  at  least  to  him  who  knows  something  of  the  struggles  of  the 
pioneers  of  1847;  for  it  speaks  of  consecration,  of  devotion,  of  faith,  and  of 
hope.  Over  the  door  of  "Van  Vleck  Hall,"  as  it  is  to-day  called,  in  honor 
of  Principal  van  Vleck,  the  pioneers  might  have  cut  the  motto  "Tandem 
fit  -urculus  arbor,"  for  they  had  faith  in  God  and  in  their  future  and, 
therefore,  firmly  believed  that  "this  twig  would  yet  become  a  tree." 

PROGRESS. 

While  Taylor  was  Principal  no  students  had  been  carried  beyond  the 
preparatory  course ;  but  now,  in  accordance  with  the  action  of  General 
Synod,  such  students  as  had  the  ministry  in  view  might  "pursue  a  portion 
of  their  studies  in  the  Academy,  instead  of  entering  at  once  into  Rutgers 
College."  Thus,  although  the  number  of  students  was  small,  assistance 
was  needed,  and  in  1857  the  Board  of  Education  sent  Abraham  Thompson 
as  additional  instructor.  He  labored  here  for  one  year,  and  was  then  suc- 
ceeded by  Rev.  Gites  van  der  Wall,  who  was  commissioned  by  the  Board 
of  Education  in  the  fall  of  1858. 

On  the  resignation  of  Mr.  van  Vleck  in  1859  the  Boards  united  in  the 
appointment  of  Rev.  Philip  Phelps,  Jr.,  of  the  Reformed  Church  of 
Hasings-upon-Hudson,  as  "Principal  of  the  Academy  and  Missionary 
Preacher." 

"In  the  winter  of  1862,"  says  Principal  Phelps,  "we  determined  like  'the 
sons  of  the  prophets,'  'to  take  every  man  his  axe'  and  go  into  the  woods 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  195' 

and  prepare  timber  for  the  erection  of  a  gymnasium  that  might  be  used 
for  Commencement  purposes.  The  students  prepared  and  put  together  the 
material  under  the  superintendence  of  a  carpenter,  and  when  the  April 
vacation  came  the  work  was  driven  on  in  all  weathers. 

It  was  privately  dedicated  by  the  hoisting  of  the  Stars  and  Stripes,  the 
reading  of  a  Psalm,  the  singing  of  a  hymn,  the  offering  of  a  prayer,  and 
the  concluding  utterance  of  three  rousing  cheers.  And  it  was  publicly 
dedicated  at  the  Commencement  in  July,  1862,  when  the  pioneer  class  was 
ushered  into  the  freshman  year  of  the  nascent  college." 

THE  COLLEGE  ORGANIZED. 

After  twelve  years  of  hard  and  self-sacrificing  work  since  the  pioneer 
school  was  opened  by  Principal  Taylor  "the  beginning  had  been  only 
begun."  "The  nascent  college  had  a  Principal,  but  no  Professors,  nor  a 
single  dollar  of  endowment.  It  had  a  Preparatory  Department,  but  ofily 
one  College  class,  and  the  continuance  of  that  was  dependent  upon  the  ob- 
taining of  additional  advantages."  But  as  the  needs  appeared  they  were 
met.  At  the  beginning  of  the  second  year  of  the  collegiate  department 
two  Professors  were  appointed.  Rev.  P.  J.  Oggel  and  Rev.  T.  Romeyn 
Beck. 

In  addition  to  his  other  work,  Rev.  Mr.  Oggel  took  charge  of  the  re- 
ligious instruction  of  the  students,  which  has  always  been  and  is  still 
regarded  as  an  essential  feature  in  the  curriculum  of  Hope  College.  He 
also  had  the  editorial  and  business  management  of  a  religious  weekly 
called  "De  Hope,"  which  was  published  in  connection  with  the  college. 
In  this  work  he  was  assisted  by  Prof.  C.  Doesburg. 

Rev.  Mr.  Beck  had  rendered  professorial  work  in  Rutgers  College  before 
he  came  West.  In  common  with  his  colleagues  he  sustained  the  same  rela- 
tion to  the  classes  of  the  Preparatory  Department  as  of  the  incipient  Col- 
lege Department. 

Before  the  first  graduating  class  had  finished  their  course  two  additional 
Professors  were  appointed  by  the  Board  of  Education,  on  nomination  of 
the  Council— Rev.  Charles  Scott,  then  pastor  of  the  Reformed  Church  of 
Shawangunk,  N.  Y.,  and  Rev.  Cornelius  E.  Crispell,  then  Professor  in 
Rutgers  College  and  Rector  of  its  Grammar  School. 

Thus  Hope  College  had  become  fully  organized  in  its  College  Department 
and  equipped  also  for  theological  teaching,  which,  according  to  Synod's 
action,  was  to  begin  in  September,  1866.  Since  this  is  a  sketch  of  the 
college  proper  we  will  here  say  nothing  further  about  the  Theological  De- 
partment. 

The  first  college  commencement  took  place  in  June,  1866,  when  eight 
young  men  were  graduated,  seven  of  whom  entered  upon  their  theological 
course  in  the  September  following. 

Between  1866  and  1871  four  new  teachers  were  appointed — Prof.  C.  Does- 
burg, Prof.  Wm.  A.  Shields,  Prof.  G.  J.  Kollen,  and  Rev.  Peter  Moerdyke. 
At  first  these  labored  as  assistant  Professors,  but  they  were  subsequently 
put  in  charge  of  different  departments.     Professor  Moerdyke  resumed  pas- 


196  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

toral  work  in  1873  in  the  First  Reformed  Church  of  Grand  Rapids,  Mich- 
igan. 

Since  1871  numerous  changes  have  taken  place  in  the  personnel  of  the 
Preparatory  and  College  Faculties,  in  courses  of  study,  etc.,  of  which  we 
will  not  make  mention  in  this  brief  sketch.  Many  of  Hope's  brave  founda- 
tion builders,  many  who  served  faithfully  and  long  in  the  Council  and  in 
various  other  capacities,  have  long  since  gone  to  their  reward. 

Dr.  Philip  Phelps,  Jr.,  became  Hope's  first  President  in  July,  1866,  and 
served  faithfully  and  efficiently  till  June,  1878,  when  he  resigned.  He  was 
succeeded  by  Rev.  Giles  H.  Mandeville,  of  New  York,  as  Provisional  Presi- 
dent and  Financial  Agent  from  1878  to  1880.  Since  Dr.  Mandeville  did 
not  reside  in  Holland,  the  management  of  the  College  was  intrusted  to  the 
Vice  President,  Prof.  Charles  Scott,  D.D.  In  1880  Dr.  Scott  was  made 
Provisional  President,  and  in  1885  he  was  elected  Constitutional  President, 
and  served  till  1893,  when  he  resigned.  In  June,  1893,  Dr.  G.  J.  Kollen  was 
inaugurated  as  Hope's  third  President. 

Thus  we  see  that  two  have  already  entered  upon  their  rest.  Dr.  Scott 
died  Oct.  31,  1893,  and  Dr.  Phelps,  Sept.  4,  1896.  They  labored  amid  many 
disappointments  and  trials,  ever  faithful  to  the  charge  entrusted  to  them, 
and  their  efforts  have  been  crowned  with  permanent  and  happy  results. 

In  the  Synod  of  1871  the  first  formal  Constitution  of  Hope  College  was 
adopted.  This  constitution  has  subsequently  been  changed  in  part,  but  is 
in  the  main  still  in  force.  Acording  to  it  the  "ultimate  authority  is  inher- 
ent in  General  Synod,  which  holds  the  institution  in  charge  for  the  church 
— the  church  being  the  proprietor  and  the  Synod  the  trustee." 

In  the  administration  of  the  institution  "the  President  is  the  executive 
officer,  and  his  powers  in  the  Theological  Department  are  only  such  as  are 
definitely  stipulated  by  the  General  Synod." 

The  sources  of  support  for  the  institution  are :  "The  treasury  of  the 
Board  of  Education,  donations,  students'  fees,  endowments,  real  estate 
legacies,  etc.  The  Board  of  Education  is  authorized  to  continue  such  ap- 
propriations from  its  contingent  donations,  and  to  ask  and  receive  collec- 
tions and  donations  in  behalf  of  the  institution.  The  Council  is  authorized 
to  solicit  donations  to  meet  the  current  expenses  and  to  promote  its  proper 
development.  The  permanent  funds  are  held  by  the  Council,  except  as 
otherwise  designated." 

CONCLUSION. 

Truly,  Hope  College  is  the  product  of  immigration  and  the  child  of  the 
Reformed  Church  in  America.  The  history  of  the  founding  and  organiza- 
tion of  the  school  is  but  the  repetition  of  the  history  of  many  similar  edu- 
cational institutions  in  our  country.  The  beginning  was  feeble,  but  the 
founders  baptized  it  with  a  spirit  of  devotion  and  self-sacrifice  that  over- 
came all  difficulties  and  triumphed  over  every  obstacle,  and  gave  it  a  vital 
energy  which  has  shown  itself  in  a  rich  harvest  of  blessed  results. 

And  may  it  not  be  said  that  the  results  have  been  larger  than  even  the 
most  sanguine  of  the  projectors  could  have  hoped?     In  the  very  nature  of 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  197 

things  the  growth  of  the  institution  could  not  be  rapid,  but,  thanks  to  the 
kind  and  helpful  care  of  the  Reformed  Church,  it  has  been  steady  and 
wholesome.  Our  church  has  generously  fostered  this  school.  During  the 
thirty-five  years  of  its  existence  the  church,  through  its  Boards,  has  con- 
tributed toward  its  support  almost  $100,000,  exclusive  of  aid  given  young 
men  studying  for  the  Gospel  ministry.  Truly,  that  was  generous  sowing! 
And  what  has  been  the  reaping,  directly  and  indirectly? 

First,  a  beautiful  college  campus,  containing  sixteen  acres,  in  the  heart  of 
our  prosperous  little  city.  It  presents  a  finely  varied  surface,  is  well 
shaded  with  native  trees,  and  is  annually  improving  in  beauty  and  attract- 
iveness. Scattered  over  it  are  eight  college  buildings.  On  the  western 
end  of  the  campus  stands  the  beautiful  and  commodious  building  known 
as  Graves'  Library  and  Winant's  Chapel — a  monument  speaking  to  the 
beholder  or  the  zealous  and  successful  work  of  President  Kollen,  and  of 
the  generosity  and  wisdom  of  the  Hon.  N.  F.  Graves  and  Mrs.  G.  E. 
Winants.  In  this  building  are  found  a  President's  room,  a  reading  room, 
containing  many  books  of  reference  and  leading  periodicals,  a  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
hall,  a  chapel,  seating  about  350  people,  four  excellent  lecture  rooms,  and 
a  stackroom  for  the  library,  numbering  about  15,000  volumes. 

This  campus,  buildings,  equipments,  etc.,  may  safely  be  estimated  at 
$100,000.  Then  there  is  to-day  an  endowment  fund  of  about  $250,000. 
This  has  gradually  accumulated  as  time  has  rolled  on,  but  has  largely  in- 
creased, especially  in  recent  years,  through  the  strenuous  efforts  and  busi- 
ness-like methods  of  Dr.  Kollen,  who  inaugurated  what  may  be  called  an 
era  of  good  feeling  both  East  and  West.  The  endowment  is  not  adequate, 
it  is  true,  but  is  it  not  a  large  harvest? 

"There  is  that  scattereth  and  yet  increaseth;  and  there  is  that  with- 
holdeth  more  than  is  meet,  but  it  tendeth  to  poverty."  Has  this  not  proved 
true  in  the  educational  work  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  the  West? 

But  the  church  did  not  plant  dimes  in  order  to  reap  dollars.  Hope 
College  was  founded  on  and  fostered  by  the  faith  and  prayers  of  the 
church — these  were  the  fruitful  fields  whence  came  such  numerous  and 
consecrated  gifts.  From  the  days  of  the  pioneer  school  till  the  present,  all 
along  the  journey,  the  outlook  was  for  a  spiritual  harvest,  and  God  has  not 
disappointed  the  church.  More  than  three  hundred  have  been  graduated 
from  this  school,  of  whom  more  than  half  have  entered  the  Gospel  ministry. 
In  addition  there  are  many  hundreds  who  entered  the  institution  and  at- 
tended for  a  shorter  or  longer  time,  but  who  could  not  complete  their 
course. 

Its  graduates  occupy  important  pulpits  in  our  own  denomination  and  in 
other  denominations,  from  the  State  of  New  York  in  the  East  to  the  State 
of  Washington  in  the  West.  The  Particular  Synod  of  Chicago  is,  under 
the  blessing  of  God,  the  outcome  of  this  school,  and,  indeed,  it  may  be 
truthfully  said  that  its  influence  is  to-day  felt  around  the  globe.  Twenty- 
one  graduates  have  devoted  themselves  to  the  work  of  foreign  missions, 
and,  as  the  beloved  and  honored  representatives  of  the  institution,  they  are 
now  unfurling  the  banner  of  Christ  among  the  peoples  of  idolatry  and 
darkness. 


io8 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 


Truly,  God  has  kindly  led  us  and  wrought  great  things  for  us.  Let  us 
continue  to  hope  and  trust  and  pray,  and  He  will  lead  us  into  wider  fields 
of  success  and  usefulness. 


'The  writer  acknowledges  his  obligations  to  the  "Minutes  of  General  Synod' 
and  to  a  '  Historical  Sketch  of  Hope  College,"  by  Dr.  Philip  Phelps  in  1876. 
See  also  "Manual"  of  1879,  p.  120. 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  199 


CHAPTEK  XV. 

THE  THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY  AT  HOPE  COLLEGE. 

BY    CORNELIUS    E.    CRISPELL,    D.D. 

In  June,  1866,  the  General  Synod  gave  permission  to  the  first  graduating 
class  of  Hope  College^  at  their  own  request,  to  pursue  their  theological 
studies  at  Hope  College.  Under  such  permission  "elementary  theological 
instruction"  was  commenced  in  the  fall  of  1866  by  the  professors  in  the  col- 
lege, according  to  arrangements  made  by  the  Board  of  Education  and  the 
Council  of  Hope  College,  to  which  bodies  the  Synod  had  referred  the  sub- 
ject; and  during  these  arrangements  the  professors,  in  the  government  as- 
well  as  in  the  instruction  of  the  class,  acted,  not  under  their  regular  pro- 
fessorships, but  under  the  special  arrangements  made  by  the  Synod's  au- 
thority. 

At  the  end  of  the  year  the  theological  class  was  examined  under  the 
supervision  of  a  committee  of  the  Synod  appointed  "to  examine  the  whole 
field  and  report  to  the  General  Synod." 

In  June^  1867,  upon  the  report  of  its  committee,  the  Synod  took  measures 
to  continue  theological  instruction.  For  this  purpose  they  elected  Rev.  C. 
E.  Crispell  "Professor  of  Didactic  and  Polemic  Theology  at  Hope  College, 
to  take  charge  of  the  class  and  give  instruction  in  theology;"  and  invited 
the  other  professors  in  the  college  to  act  as  "Lectors  in  the  several  branches 
of  training  which  they  had  charge  of  during  the  former  year  with  the 
Theological  Class."  The  Synod  divided  the  Board  of  Superintendents  of 
the  seminary  into  two  branches,  and  gave  to  the  Western  branch,  composed 
of  the  representatives  of  the  Western  Classes,  the  ordinary  duties  of  a  Board 
of  Superintendents  of  a  Theological  School. 

These  provisional  arrangements  were  to  continue  "for  three  years,  and 
then  be  subject  to  the  will  of  the  Synod,  unless  circumstances  in  Providence 
indicate  earlier  another  mode  of  proceeding." 

Under  these  arrangements  the  first  class,  consisting  of  seven,  received 
their  professorial  certificates  May  21,  1869. 

In  June,  1869,  the  Council  of  Hope  College  was  "constituted  and  ap- 
pointed the  Board  of  Superintendents  of  the  Theological  School  in  Hope 
College,  with  duties  and  prerogatives  like  those  of  the  Board  of  Superin- 
tendents of  the  Theological  School  at  New  Brunswick."  A  Theological 
Faculty  was  designated  and  "empowered  and  instructed  to  elect  one  of 
their  number  to  represent  them  as  a  member  of  the  Council  of  Hope  Col- 
lege." Two  additional  professors  were  elected,  viz.,  of  Evangelistic  The- 
ology, and  of  Exegetical  Theology.  The  Professor-elect  of  Evangelistic 
Theology,  Rev.  A.  C.  van  Raalte,  D.D.,  declined  the  office.  The  Professor- 
elect  of  Exegetical  Theology,  Rev.  P.  Phelps,  Jr.,  D.D.,  signified  his  accept- 


200  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 

ance  of  the  office,  but  in  1S71,  and  before  he  had  qualified  by  signing  the 
formula,  he  resigned. 

The  term  of  service  for  which  the  Lectors  were  invited  to  teach  having 
expired  in  June,  1870,  Professors  Beck  and  Scott  were  reappointed  "to  the 
same  services  for  the  next  three  years." 

Under  the  plan  adopted  in  1869  and  continued  till  June,  1871,  the  second 
class,  consisting  of  four,  and  the  third  class,  consisting  of  three,  received 
their  professorial  certificates. 

It  was  during  this  period,  1869,  that  the  Theological  Seminary  sustained 
its  heaviest  loss  in  the  removal  by  death  of  Prof.  P.  J.  Oggel,  Theological 
Lector  in  Pastoral  Theology  and  Sacred  Rhetoric.  He  was  "a  burning  and 
a  shining  light,"  and  enjoyed,  in  an  eminent  degree,  the  confidence  of  the 
Hollanders  in  the  West. 

In  June,  1871,  the  Constitution  of  Hope  College  was  amended.  In  this 
amended  constitution  the  relations  of  the  Theological  School  to  the  college 
were  more  clearly  defined ;  and  the  General  Synod's  "original  cognizance  of 
all  matters  relating  to  the  Theological  Schools,  the  appointment  of  profes- 
sors, and  their  course  of  instruction,  the  appointment  of  Superintendents  of 
said  schools,  and  the  regulations  thereof,"  as  guaranteed  by  the  Constitution 
of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America,  was  more  expressly  and  carefully 
guarded.  These  two  things  had  become  the  more  necessary  from  the  con- 
tinuance of  a  strong  desire  and  persevering  efforts  of  many  in  the  Western 
Synod  to  place  the  Theological  Department  in  the  same  relation  to  the  col- 
lege as  the  other  departments,  and  the  culmination  of  this  desire  and  such 
efforts  in  a  request  that  "the  constitution  of  the  church  should  be  so 
amended,  that  while  the  General  Synod  should  retain  supreme  appellate 
jurisdiction,  its  original  cognizance,  in  relation  to  details,  be  delegated  to 
the  Council." 

The  amended  constitution,  therefore,  declared  that  "the  province  of  the 
Council  in  regard  to  the  Theological  Department  is  that  of  a  Board  of 
Superintendents,  according  to  the  Constitution  and  usages  of  the  Reformed 
Church  in  America.     In  regard  to  the  other  departments  it  is  fiduciary." 

Hence,  on  the  one  hand,  it  was  affirmed  that  the  Council  of  Hope  College 
shall  "constitute  the  Board  of  Superintendents  of  the  Theological  Seminary 
at  Hope  College,  and  in  such  relation  shall  be  invested  with  powers,  and 
charged  with  such  duties,  as  have  been  given  to  the  Board  of  Superintend- 
ents of  the  Theological  Seminaries  by  the  existing  laws  of  the  church;" 
that  "in  regard  to  the  Theological  Department,  the  President  of  the  college 
shall  have  only  such  powers  as  shall  be  definitely  stipulated  by  the  General 
Synod — in  regard  to  all  other  departments  his  duties  and  prerogatives 
shall  be  such  as  the  Council  may  determine,  subject  to  the  revision  of  the 
General  Synod;"  that  "the  Theological  Faculty  of  Hope  College  shall  be 
composed  of  those  holding  theological  appointments  from  the  Genera! 
Synod— the  Theological  Professors  acting  as  President  of  the  Faculty  in 
rotation;"  that  "those  appointed  by  the  Council,  acting  as  a  Board  of 
Superintendents,  as  temporary  teachers,  shall  be  members  for  the  time 
being,  with  an  equal  voice  in  all  the  proceedings,  and  a  vote  in  matters  per- 
taining to  their  several  branches  of  instruction;"  that  ''each  professor  shall 


Prof.  John  W.  Beardslee. 
Prof.  Henry  E.  Dosker.  Prof.  Egbert  Winter. 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  201 

be  chosen  by  the  General  Synod,  but  in  the  recess  of  Synod,  in  cases  of 
vacancy  only,  the  Council,  acting  as  a  Board  of  Superintendents,  may  em- 
ploy suitable  persons  to  give  theological  instruction;"  that  "the  professors 
and  other  teachers,  for  the  time  being,  shall  give  certificates  to  the  members 
of  the  Senior  Class,  whose  final  examination  shall  have  been  approved  by 
the  Council,  acting  as  a  Board  of  Superintendents." 

On  the  other  hand,  the  Council  was  continued  as  the  Board  of  Superin- 
tendents of  the  Theological  School.  To  the  President  of  the  college  were 
"definitely  stipulated"  certain  duties  and  prerogatives  in  reference  to  it. 
The  Theological  School  was  made  subject  to  certain  regulations  of  the 
General  Faculty  of  the  college,  composed  of  one  representative  from  the 
Faculty  of  each  separate  organized  department  of  instruction,  with  the 
President  of  the  college  as  the  presiding  officer ;  and  the  Theological  Fac- 
ulty also  elected  annually  one  of  their  number  to  be  an  advisory  member  of 
the  Council,  without  the  right  of  voting. 

The  time  of  service  of  Profs.  T.  Romeyn  Beck  and  C.  Scott  in  theo- 
logical instruction  having  expired  in  June,  1873,  they  were  reappointed  as 
the  theological  teachers  in  the  same  branches  which  had  been  committed 
to  them  by  the  Synod. 

In  1875  Prof.  T.  R.  Beck,  owing  mostly  to  undefined  status  and  duties, 
resigned  his  position  in  the  Theological  Department ;  and  the  Synod,  in  de- 
clining to  accept  his  resignation,  appointed  him  and  Prof.  C.  Scott  "Lectors 
in  Theology  in  the  Theological  Seminary  at  Hope  College,"  designating  the 
one  "Lector  in  Exegetical  Theology,  including  Sacred  Philology,  Biblical 
Criticism  and  Hermeneutics ;"  the  other,  "Lector  in  Church  History  and 
Government  and  Archaeology." 

Under  the  amended  constitution  the  fourth  class  of  two,  the  fifth  class  of 
four,  the  sixth  class  of  two,  the  seventh  class  of  two,  the  eighth  class  of 
three,  and  the  ninth  class  of  two,  received  their  professorial  certificates. 

Previously  to  June,  1875,  the  theological  teachers  had  received  salaries 
as  college  professors,  and  had  taught  theology  "without  compensation." 
But  in  this  year  Synod  assumed  the  salaries  of  her  theological  teachers, 
and  their  services  in  the  other  departments  were  gratuitous.  To  provide 
for  these  salaries  the  Synod  relied  upon  the  free-will  offerings  of  individuals 
and  churches,  and  appropriations  of  the  Board  of  Education.  These  prov- 
ing insufficient,  the  following  year  the  Synod  added  "the  most  earnest 
request  of  all  the  churches  to  take  up  a  special  collection  on  the  second 
Sabbath  of  November  next  to  meet  the  expenses  of  the  Synod  in  supporting 
the  "Theological  Seminary  at  Hope  College."  This  request  met  with  no 
adequate  response — only  a  dozen  churches  making  returns. 

In  June,  1877,  the  Synod  adopted  the  following :  "Resolved,  That  in  view 
of  the  present  embarrassed  condition  of  the  finances  of  the  college,  the 
Council  be  directed  for  the  present  to  suspend  the  Theological  Department." 
Thus  the  doors  of  the  Theological  Seminary  of  the  Reformed  Church  in 
America  at  the  West  were  closed. 

In  June,  1878,  the  Synod  requested  the  Professor  of  Theology  at  Hope 
College  to  place  his  resignation  in  the  hands  of  a  committee  of  Synod,  to 
take  effect  at  such  time  as  said  committee  should  designate.     About  thirty- 


202  THE    SEFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

seven  students  received  their  theological  education,  in  whole  or  in  part,  in 
this  institution  up  to  1877. 

THEOLOGICAL  ENDOWMENT. 

Among  the  great,  things  proposed  to  be  done  during  the  church  centen- 
nial year,  1871,  was  "the  endowment  of  a  professorship  in  the  Theological 
Seminary  at  Hope  College."  Endorsed  by  the  Synod  as  "most  important  to 
further  the  interests  of  our  church  at  the  West,  and  to  promote  the  effi- 
ciency and  stability  of  our  educational  institutions  there,"  such  professor- 
ship was  formally  placed  before  the  churches  and  individuals  for  endow- 
ment. During  the  year  two  churches — those  of  Linlithgo  and  Schoharie — 
responded,  and  each  gave  "to  the  General  Synod  one  hundred  dollars  for 
the  endowment  of  the  Chair  of  Didactic  and  Polemic  Theology  at  Hope 
College."  A  nucleus  being  thus  formed,  the  Synod,  in  1873,  authorized  the 
Professor  of  Theology  and  his  associates,  Professors  Beck  and  Scott,  to 
"make  collections  with  a  view  to  the  endowment  of  the  Chair  of  Didactic 
and  Polemic  Theology,"  and  gave  them  permission  "to  give  to  the  profes- 
sorship, when  endowed,  such  name  as  shall  be  found  to  meet  the  approba- 
tion of  those  by  whom  the  endowment  may  be  made." 

After  the  last-named  action  of  the  Synod,  it  was  agreed  by  those  author- 
ized to  collect  for,  and,  when  endowed,  to  name  the  professorship,  that  it 
should  be  named  The  Huguenot  Professorship  of  Didactic  and  Po- 
lemic Theology  at  Hope  College;  that  should  an  individual  or  a  definite 
number  of  persons  be  found  to  endow  the  chair  in  full,  said  collectors 
might  change  said  name  to  one  more  agreeable  to  said  donors ;  and  that,  in 
this  case,  all  moneys  given  by  other  parties  should  be  used  for  the  endow- 
ment of  some  other  theological  chair  at  Hope  College,  to  be  named  the 
Huguenot  Professorship. 

With  the  above  authority  of  Synod  and  the  agreement  just  stated,  the 
Professor  of  Theology  spent  all  the  time  he  could  spare  from  his  duties  at 
the  college  in  collecting  funds  for  his  chair. 

The  relations  of  these  funds  and  the  income  from  them  were  definitely 
fixed  by  the  Synod  in  June,  1874,  as  follows:  "Resolved,  That  the  funds 
that  have  been  raised,  or  shall  hereafter  be  raised,  for  the  endowment  of 
the  Chair  of  Didactic  and  Polemic  Theology  at  Hope  College,  be.  held  on 
the  same  basis  and  with  the  same  relations  to  the  General  Synod  as  the 
endowments  of  the  other  Theological  Professorships  of  the  Synod;  and 
that  the  income  of  said  funds  when  collected  be  paid  by  the  Treasurer  of  the 
Synod  to  the  Professor  of  Didactic  and  Polemic  Theology  at  Hope  College, 
as  salary,  the  same  as  similar  incomes  are  paid  to  the  other  Theological 
Professors  of  the  Synod." 

In  June,  1875,  Synod  again  cordially  recommended  to  the  churches  and 
private  members  the  speedy  endowment  of  the  chair;  and  in  1876  author- 
ized the  professor  to  select  associates  to  assist  him  in  the  work.  This  last- 
mentioned  favor  would  probably  have  availed  much,  had  not  the  Synod 
suspended  theological  instruction    and  left  in  doubt  its  resumption.     The 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  203 

suspension  and  uncertainty  of  resumption  not' only  gave  a  quietus  to  hands 
and  hearts  ready  to  engage,  but  stopped  the  payment  of  many  subscriptions. 
It  changed,  it  is  thought,  bequests  made,  and  prevented  other  bequests  from 
being  made,  and  threw  a  chilling  mantle  upon  both  Eastern  and  Western 
friends. 

The  net  sum  of  endowment  funds  for  the  Chair  of  Theology  was  then 
between  five  and  six  thousands  dollars. 

THE  WESTERN   SEMINARY   SINCE   1884. 

BY  REV.   HENRY  E.   DOSKER,   D.D. 

The  above  excellent  sketch  of  the  Western  Theological  Seminary,  from 
the  hand  of  its  first  Professor,  Dr.  C.  E.  Crispell,  is  left  intact.  It  needs 
no  revision ;  the  facts,  as  stated,  are  historical  and  follow  the  thread  of  the 
Synodical  records. 

The  West  had  never  been  a  unit  on  the  question  of  theology ;  two  dis- 
tinct factions  existed,  one  in  favor  of,  the  other  against,  a  Western  Semi- 
nary. But  these  factions  were  mainly  ministerial,  the  churches  were  very 
nearly  unanimous  in  this  respect.  The  suspension  of  theological  training 
at  Holland,  in  1877,  had,  therefore,  passed  like  an  electric  shock  through 
the  West.  It  increased  the  unrest  and  suspicion  which  existed  in  certain 
quarters,  and  it  stands  closely  related  to  the  disturbing  events  of  the  seven 
years  which  followed. 

The  great  revival  which,  in  the  winter  of  1876-77,  had  swept  all  the 
Western  churches,  was  accompanied  by  the  usual  spiritual  reaction.  And 
in  this  period  of  spiritual  rebound  an  agitation  arose  which  shook  the  Re- 
formed (Dutch)   Church  in  the  West  to  its  very  foundations. 

I  refer  to  the  bitter  Anti-Masonic  agitation,  which  occupied  the  attention 
of  the  Western  Classes  and  of  the  General  Synod  for  many  successive 
years. 

It  is  still  an  open  question  whether  this  agitation  arose  accidentally  and 
spontaneously  or  designedly. 

Its  starting  point  was  the  First  Church  of  Holland,  whose  pastor,  the 
Rev.  R.  Pieters,  was  then  in  the  last  stages  of  the  fatal  disease  which  was 
to  lay  him  low.  In  this  period,  wherein  everything  depended  on  the  Con- 
sistory, an  agitator  against  secret  societies,  a  certain  Mr.  Romayne,  ap- 
peared on  the  scene,  and  the  rudderless  vessel  became  his  easy  prey.  The 
conflagration  which  he  started  soon  spread  far  and  wide  and  involved  the 
entire  Western  church.  Rev.  R.  Pieters  died  when  the  agitation  was  at  its 
height,  and  the  now  pastorless  congregation  seceded  from  the  Reformed 
Church  in  1882.  A  number  of  churches  followed  its  example,  and  united 
with  the  "Christian  Reformed  Church,"  which,  till  1879,  had  been  a  very 
small  body,  but  which,  after  that  date,  grew  with  great  rapidity.  Almost 
the  entire  current  of  Dutch  emigration  now  sought  this  channel,  and  the 
broad  outlook  of  the  Reformed  (Dutch)  Church  in  the  West  was  over- 
clouded. For  some  time  its  very  future  seemed  jeopardized,  but  the  loyal 
churches  and  pastors,  efficiently  led  by  able  men,  began  to  rally  from  the 
shock  and  to  undo,  as  far  as  possible,  the  work  of  demoralization. 


204  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERfCA. 

Thus  arose  the  agitation  in  favor  of  the  restoration  of  Western  theo- 
logical training.  It  began  in  earnest  in  1882.  It  occupied  the  attention  of 
the  Synod  again  in  1883,  when,  at  Albany,  Rev.  Artemas  Dean  offered  the 
resolution — "That  the  General  Synod  appoint  a  special  committee  to  re- 
port, at  this  session,  as  to  the  advisability  of  organizing  a  department  of 
theological  instruction  at  the  West  at  an  early  day."  A  committee  of  five 
was  appointed  which  brought  in  its  report  stante  Synodo. 

They  revealed  the  crisis  through  which  the  Western  churches  were  pass- 
ing and  the  need  of  a  stimulus  in  the  right  direction.  They  pointed  to  the 
fact  that  many  of  our  Western  men  sought  preparation  for  the  ministry  in 
Presbyterian  schools,  and  that  the  question  of  the  restoration  of  theology 
seemed  to  be  one  of  life  and  death  to  the  West. 

Thus  the  Synod  was  led  to  resolve — "To  resume  theological  instruction 
in  the  West  by  the  fall  of  1884,  provided  that  the  chair  to  be  filled  be  en- 
dowed by  that  time." 

When  the  Synod  met  at  the  West  for  the  first  time  in  its  history,  in 
1884,  this  condition  was  not  fully  complied  with;  but  enough  had  been 
done  to  warrant  the  election  of  a  Professor  of  Didactic  and  Polemic  The- 
ology, who  was  "not  to  begin  his  work  till  $30,000  were  in  the  hands  of  the 
treasurer  of  the  Synod." 

As  such  the  Rev.  Nicholas  M.  Steffens,  D.D.,  was  elected,  and  in 
December  of  that  year  (1884)  the  Western  Theological  Seminary  was  re- 
opened with  five  students;  one  in  the  middle  class,  and  four  in  the  junior 
class.  The  Revs.  P.  Moerdyke  and  Henry  E.  Dosker  were  elected  tem- 
porary Lectors  by  the  Council,  which  acted  as  a  Board  of  Superintendents ; 
the  first  Lector  taught  Greek  exegesis ;  the  latter,  the  historical  branches. 

In  1885  the  mooted  question  of  the  relation  between  the  College  and  the 
Seminary  was  reopened,  but  the  Synod,  both  at  that  time  and  a  few  years 
later,  wisely  refused  to  open  the  old  sores.  The  establishment  of  a  distinct 
Board  of  Superintendents,  of  a  distinct  faculty,  and  of  a  curriculum  in 
entire  accordance  with  its  independent  existence,  slowly  wore  out  the  old 
question  which  formerly  had  occasioned  so  many  heartburnings ;  and 
without  any  formal  deliverance  of  the  Synod  the  term  "theological  depart- 
ment" died  out,  and  in  its  place  was  substituted  that  of  "Theological  Semi- 
nary at  the  West,"  or  "Western  Theological  Seminary." 

The  ghost  of  the  old  relationship  survives  in  the  membership  in  the 
Board  of  Superintendents  ex  officio  of  the  President  of  the  College ;  and 
in  the  reprint  of  the  Catalogue  of  the  Seminary  in  that  of  Hope  College. 
But  actually  the  two  institutions  are  wholly  distinct  and  follow  their  own 
ways. 

The  Synod  of  1885  elected  Rev.  Daniel  van  Pelt  as  Professor  of  Biblical 
Languages  and  Exegesis.  On  his  declinature  of  the  call  the  Lectors  of  the 
previous  year  were  re-engaged  to  do  the  same  work  as  before.  But  the 
work  of  teaching  and  maintaining  their  ministerial  charges  proved  too 
onerous,  and  in  1886  Rev.  Henry  E.  Dosker  was  elected  as  Lector  with 
the  understanding  that  he  resign  his  charge  and  devote  himself  exclusively 
to  teaching.     The  historical  branches  and  Greek  exegesis  were  assigned  to 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  205 

him,  whilst  Professor   Steffens  taught  all  the  remaining  branches.     This 
arrangement  continued  for  two  years. 

But  in  1888  the  Synod  "realizing  that  the  appointment  of  a  Lector  from 
year  to  year  is  attended  with  serious  disadvantages  and  cannot  give  such 
permanence  as  is  desirable  to  the  position  or  to  the  instruction,"  recom- 
mended "that  the  Synod  proceed  to  the  election  of  a  Professor  of  Biblical 
Languages  and  Exegesis  in  the  Western  Theological  Seminary  at  Hol- 
land." 

In  accordance  with  this  resolution  the  Rev.  John  W.  Beardslee,  D.D.,  of 
West  Troy,  was  elected  to  the  second  professorship,  a  position  which  he 
has  filled  with  marked  ability  and  single-hearted  devotion  ever  since.  The 
lectorship  was  now  abandoned,  and  Rev.  Henry  E.  Dosker  was  discharged 
by  the  Board  with  appropriate  resolutions. 

Thus  a  marked  step  in  advance  had  been  taken.  The  attendance  of  stu- 
dents in  the  Western  Seminary  fluctuated  considerably  for  some  years. 
The  Board  supplemented  the  teaching  in  the  Theological  Seminary  with 
lectures,  gratuitously  given  by  the  ministers  of  the  church. 

Notwithstanding  the  progress  which  had  been  made  the  future  of  the 
Seminary  was  still  far  from  secure.  Inimical  influences  of  various  kinds 
were  at  work  to  undermine  the  foundations  of  the  institution,  or,  at  least, 
to  limit  its  growth  and  prosperity.  A  short-sighted  party,  in  the  East, 
deemed  the  Eastern  Seminary  all  sufficient  for  the  needs  of  the  Church, 
practically  following  the  lines  of  the  old  "Conference"  party  on  many 
points.  At  the  West  there  was  a  reactionary  party  which  perpetuated  the 
traditions  of  the  men  who,  since  1866,  had  opposed  the  establishment  of 
theological  instruction  at  the  West.  Besides  these  men  there  were  indi- 
vidual grievances  which  determined  the  attitude  of  some  men.  Thus  the 
progress  of  the  Seminary  was  materially  retarded. 

Dr.  Beardslee  had  filled  his  chair  for  four  years  and  was  still  uninstalled, 
occupying  an  unbearable  position.  This  led  the  Board,  in  1892,  to  request 
the  Synod  to  make  arrangements  for  his  immediate  installation.  A  special 
committee  was  appointed  by  the  Board  of  Superintendents  to  lay  this 
matter  before  the  Synod  consisting  of  the  Revs.  P.  Moerdyke,  J.  F. 
Zwemer,  and  Henry  E.  Dosker.  But  notwithstanding  their  pleas  the 
Synod  refused  to  accede  to  the  request,  but  made  arrangements  for  this 
installation  "immediately  upon  the  compliance  with  the  conditions  of 
1888." 

The  accession  of  a  large  class  in  1893  brightened  the  prospects  of  the 
Seminary  and  the  question  of  additional  teaching  force  was  raised.  The 
Synod  appreciated  the  urgency  of  this  need,  but  wanted  "a  provisional 
appointment  which  would  throw  no  temporary  obligation  on  the  Synod." 
But  to  offset  the  impression  which  this  resolution  might  make  in  the  West 
this  Synod  of  1893  sanctioned  the  immediate  installation  of  Dr.  Beardslee, 
who  had  quietly  borne  the  burden  of  his  work  and  the  added  one  of  the 
failure  of  the  compact  of  1888;  and  who  had  prosecuted  his  labors  for  the 
best  interests  of  the  institution  without  a  word  of  complaint.  According 
to  this  resolution  of  Synod,  he  was  formally  inducted  in  the  office  he  had 
already  filled  for  five  years  in  the  fall  of  1893. 


206  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

The  Board  of  Superintendents  met  in  1894,  and,  after  due  deliberations, 
waived  the  right  of  appointing  a  Lector,  and,  presuming  on  the  increased 
attendance  of  students,  requested  the  General  Synod  to  appoint  a  Professor 
of  "Historical  Theology." 

The  Synod  acceded  to  this  request.  In  its  report,  however,  the  old  op- 
position of  many  Eastern  brethren  to  theological  training  in  the  West  is 
alluded  to,  but  it  is  conceded  that  if  the  institution  at  the  West  is  to  be 
maintained,  it  must  be  made  as  efficient  as  possible.  The  Chair  of  His- 
torical Theology  was,  therefore,  established  and  Rev.  Henry  E.  Dosker, 
D.D.,  was  elected  as  Professor.  His  election  was  conditioned  precisely  as 
that  of  Dr.  Beardslee  had  been  in  1888;  but  the  Synod,  profiting  by  the 
previous  experience,  made  immediate  provision  for  his  installation,  whilst 
it  waved  aside  all  responsibility  for  any  temporal  obligations.  These  calls 
of  1888  and  1894,  issued  by  the  Synod,  will  prove  interesting  historical 
documents  in  the  distant  future. 

The  year  1895  was  marked  by  singular  progress.  Hitherto  the  Western 
Seminary  had  availed  itself  of  the  cramped  quarters  afforded  by  the  so- 
called  Oggel  House,  situated  on  the  college  campus.  Through  the  wise 
generosity  of  Mr.  Peter  Semelink,  of  Vriesland,  a  fine,  well-equipped  Semi- 
nary building  was  erected  this  year.  It  was  built  on  a  detached  portion  of 
the  campus,  known  as  the  "Zwemer  House"  or  "Orphan  House"  plot.  It 
is  sufficiently  large  for  all  present  needs,  and  is  officially  known  as  The 
Semelink  Family  Hall. 

The  building  contains  five  large  lecture  rooms  and  a  commodious  chapel, 
and  is  in  every  sense  admirably  adapted  to  the  purposes  to  which  it  is  de- 
voted. This  liberal  donation  settled  at  once  the  question  of  the  removal 
of  the  Seminary  to  a  different  location,  which  had  been  repeatedly  urged 
since  1884. 

But  this  same  year  (1895)  also  saw  the  removal,  to  the  Presbyterian 
Seminary  at  Dubuque,  Iowa,  of  Dr.  N.  M.  Steffens,  whose  resignation  the 
Synod  accepted  with  an  appreciative  resolution,  "expressing  its  confidence 
in  him  as  a  laborer  that  needeth  not  to  be  ashamed." 

His  removal  was  a  severe  loss  to  the  Seminary.  He  had  trained  up  a 
large  number  of  faithful  ministers.  In  the  words  of  the  Synod,  "he  was  a 
man  of  eminent  ability,  unbounded  fidelity  to  our  standards,"  and  "he  de- 
serves the  gratitude  of  our  whole  church  for  his  useful  service  in  raising 
up  a  noble  band  of  ministers  to  preach  the  Gospel  in  our  own  and  other 
lands." 

The  Synod  elected  Rev.  Egbert  Winter,  D.D.,  as  his  successor,  who  has, 
since  1895,  filled  the  Chair  of  Theology  in  the  Western  Seminary  with 
assiduous  care  and  faithfulness. 

Meanwhile  the  foundations  for  a  good  working  library  were  laid  by  the 
generosity  of  a  few  Eastern  ministers,  chief  among  whom  were  Drs.  T.  W. 
Chambers,  W.  R.  Gordon,  and  J.  T.  Demarest.  It  has  slowly  expanded 
and  forms  to-day  a  fair  working  Library  of  some  6,000  volumes,  but  some- 
what deficient  in  modern  works  on  the  various  subjects. 

The  foundation  for  a  library  endowment  was  laid  by  gifts  and  bequests, 
amounting  to  $400,  by  Eastern  friends  of  the  institution. 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  207 

The  standard  of  admission  to  the  Seminary  has  been  steadily  raised,  till 
now  no  student  is  accepted  who  has  not  a  college  diploma  or  its  full 
equivalent.  Experience  has  taught  that  the  "short-course"  men  lack  in 
staying  qualities  and  form  poor  material  for  a  successful  ministry.  The 
attendance  of  students  has  steadily  increased  and  the  course  of  studies  is 
full  and  exhaustive.  The  outlook  of  the  Western  Theological  Seminary, 
unhampered  in  its  development  by  the  propinquity  of  large  and  influential 
schools,  is  encouraging. 

The  old  motto  of  Dr.  Romeyn,  expressed  before  the  emigration  of  1846 
and  subsequent  years  began,  still  holds  good — "Train  Western  men,  for 
Western  work,  on  Western  soil." 

The  Seminary  needs  a  larger  endowment,  a  larger  faculty,  a  better 
library.  Its  needs  are  legio.  But  it  has  written  on  its  banner  what  the 
fathers  wrote  on  that  of  the  nascent  college  Dec.  13,  1901 :  "spera  tu  in 
dec*' 

PROFESSORS    AND    LECTORS    IN    THE    WESTERN    THEOLO- 
GICAL SEMINARY,  HOLLAND,  MICHIGAN. 

Rev.  Cornelius  E.  Crispell,  D.D.,  Professor  in  Didactic  and  Polemic  The- 
ology, 1867-70. 

Rev.  Charles  Scott,  D.D.,  Lector  in  Church  History,  1867-85. 

Rev.  Theodoric  Romeyn  Beck,  D.D.,  Lector  in  Biblical  Criticism  and 
Philology,  1867-85. 

Rev.  Peter  J.  Oggel,  Lector  in  Pastoral  Theology  and  Sacred  Rhetoric, 
1867-70. 

Rev.  Philip  Phelps,  D.D.,  Lector  in  Exegetical  Theology,  1867-77. 

Rev.    Nicholas   M.   Steffens,  D.D.,    Professor  of  Didactic   and   Polemic 
Theology,  1884-95. 
■  Rev.  John  W.  Beardslee,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Biblical  Languages,  Litera- 
ture  and  Exegesis,  1888. 

Rev.  P.  Moerdyke,  D.D.,  Lector  in  New  Testament  Exegesis,  1884-86. 

Rev.  Henry  E.  Dosker,  D.D.,  Lector  in  Historical  Theology,  1884-88,  and 
in  New  Testament  Exegesis,  1886-88.  Professor  of  Historical  The- 
ology, 1894. 

Rev.  Eghert  Winter,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Didactic  and  Polemic  Theology, 
1895. 


208  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 


CHAPTER  XVI. 
BOARD  OF  EDUCATION.1 

An  Educational  Society  was  organized  independently,  in  the  year  1828, 
for  the  purpose  of  assisting  needy  students  in  their  preparation  for  the 
ministry.  In  the  last  century,  and  early  part  of  this,  a  fee  of  £15  had  been 
exacted  from  each  church  calling  and  settling  a  licentiate,  and  a  fee  of  £5, 
generally  from  each  student,  on  receiving  his  license  to  preach.  From 
these  moneys  indigent  students  were  sometimes  assisted  or  the  professorial 
fee  for  a  diploma  was  paid,  if  the  student  was  unable  to  meet  the  expense 
himself.  When  a  fund  for  the  support  of  a  professorship  began  to  be 
raised  it  was  also  stipulated  that  needy  students  should  be  assisted  from 
the  same.     (Theological  Seminaries.) 

In  1812  it  was  ordered  that  collections  should  be  taken  up  in  the  churches 
for  this  object.  A  committee  was  also  appointed  at  the  same  Synod  to 
confer  with  the  trustees  of  Queen's  College  concerning  the  provision  of  a 
fund  to  meet  the  necessities  of  the  students,  while  the  Board  of  Superin- 
tendents were  also  permitted  to  draw  from  the  treasurer  of  the  Synod 
such  amounts  as  they  deemed  proper,  for  this  purpose.  The  copyright  of 
the  Psalm  and  hymn  book  was  also  secured  to  the  Synod  for  the  benefit  of 
students,  the  publishers  being  requested  to  pay  the  Synod  six  cents  for  each 
copy  sold.  But  in  five  years  this  only  amounted  to  $240.  With  the  first 
installments  of  the  Van  Bunschooten  bequest,  in  1814,  some  additional  help 
was  obtained.  In  1815  Miss  Rebecca  Knox,  of  Philadelphia  (a  member  of 
Dr.  Brodhead's  church),  left  $2,000,  for  the  support  of  students,  but  which 
did  not  become  immediately  available.  Cent  societies,  established  in  many 
congregations,  also  brought  in  means  to  some  extent.  From  all  these 
sources  the  Board  of  Superintendents  distributed  $200  in  the  year  1814, 
spending  in  addition  $120  for  the  purchase  of  Hebrew  Bibles.  An  increas- 
ing amount  was  appropriated  each  year,  until  1819,  when  they  distributed 
the  sum  of  $1,315 ;  but  the  amount  distributed  did  not  reach  as  high  a  figure 
as  this  again  till  1828,  the  same  year  in  which  the  Educational  Society  was 
organized. 

On  the  seventh  day  of  May,  1828,  a  number  of  ministers  and  friends  met 
in  the  lecture  room  of  the  Collegiate  Church,  in  the  city  of  New  York,  to 
consider  the  propriety  of  organizing  a  Board  of  Education.  Dr.  Milledoler 
was  called  to  the  chair,  and  opened  the  meeting  with  prayer.  The  cir- 
cular which  called  the  meeting  showed  that,  at  a  free  conversation  on  the 
general  interests  of  the  Church,  held  in  the  preceding  November,  between 
Rev.  Messrs.  Milledoler,  Knox,  Kuypers,  Brownlee,  Ludlow.   P.  Labagh. 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  20t) 

Schermerhorn,  and  De  Witt,  it  was  ascertained  that  a  general  desire  existed 
for  more  efficient  action  in  the  missionary  and  educational  interests  of  the 
church.  Hence  this  meeting  at  the  call  of  the  committee,  to  organize  a 
Board  of  Education.  A  constitution  was  at  once  adopted  containing  twelve 
articles,  stating  the  objects  of  the  Board,  the  terms  of  annual  and  life  mem- 
berships, the  manner  of  government,  through  the  necessary  officers  and  an 
executive  committee,  and  the  manner  of  receiving  beneficiaries.  Any  dona- 
tion of  $1,500  or  more,  for  the  founding  of  a  scholarship,  was  to  be  dis- 
tinguished by  the  name  of  the  donor.  Col.  Henry  Rutgers  was  elected  the 
first  president.  An  address  was  at  once  prepared  by  a  committee,  consist- 
ing of  Drs.  Mathews,  Brownlee,  and  De  Witt,  and  distributed  to  the 
churches.  The  amount  granted  to  a  beneficiary  was  then  limited  to  $90  per 
annum.  They  designed  rather  to  aid  a  student  than  to  sustain  him  fully. 
Auxiliary  societies  existed  in  certain  of  the  Classes,  and  in  single  churches. 
During  its  first  year  the  Board  and  its  auxiliaries  assisted  about  twenty  stu- 
dents. In  1831  this  Education  Society,  which  had  been  organized  by  indi- 
vidual, not  ecclesiastical,  action,  requested  the  General  Synod  to  take 
charge  of  it  as  its  own  Board.  This  was  proposed,  partly,  because  dona- 
tions began  to  be  left  to  it,  while  it  was  not  formally  connected  with  the 
Synod,  and  partly  to  increase  still  further  the  confidence  of  the  churches. 
The  old  officers  were  reappointed  by  the  Synod  as  its  officers,  and  a  com- 
mittee was  appointed  to  remodel  it.  A  new  Board  was  accordingly  consti- 
tuted in  1832,  and  the  funds  of  the  old  Board  turned  over  to  the  care  of  the 
General  Synod. 

The  organization  of  this  Board  was  the  beginning  of  a  new  life  for  the 
educational  interests  of  the  church.  A  number  of  scholarships  were  soon 
founded  by  individuals.  Many  of  these  were  allowed  to  accumulate  for  a 
time,  if  not  sufficient,  at  first,  to  meet  the  due  appropriations  to  the  stu- 
dents. 

The  funds  in  aid  of  students  preparing  for  the  ministry  are  held  by  dif- 
ferent corporations.  At  first  such  funds  were  given  in  trust  to  Rutgers 
College,  and  to  these  additions  have  been  made  until  they  now  amount  to 
more  than  $55,000.  After  the  General  Synod  was  incorporated  in  1819, 
Scholarship  Funds  for  the  same  purpose  were  entrusted  to  its  care,  and 
these  now  amount  to  $170,000.  After  the  Board  of  Education  was  incor- 
porated in  1869,  similar  funds  began  to  be  left  also  to  its  care,  and  these 
now  amount,  with  some  recent  gifts,  to  $93,000,  making  a  total  of  about 
$318,000.  The  interest  of  this  sum,  with  the  average  addition  of  about 
$7,000,  annually  received  by  collections  in  the  churches  or  by  individual 
gifts  for  the  Board  of  Education,  is  devoted  to  the  assistance  of  the  stu- 
dents; whether  in  College  or  Seminary,  preparing  for  the  ministry.  A  con- 
siderable portion  of  this  amount  goes  for  instruction  in  the  West.  In  1850 
the  amount  distributed  was  only  about  $5,000.  The  amount  now  dis- 
tributed is  from  three  to  four  times  as  much,  depending  on  the  rate  of 
interest  and  the  amount  of  annual  offerings.  The  total  number  of  students 
enrolled  as  beneficiaries  of  the  Board  since  its  organization  is  909. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  scholarships  as  at  present  constituted : 


210  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

ENDOWED    SCHOLARSHIPS    IN    RUTGERS    COLLEGE    AND 
NEW  BRUNSWICK  THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY  NOV.  26,  1901. 

Held  by  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Rutgers  (Queen's)  College — 

The  Van  Bunschooten  Fund $19,613.57 

The  income  of  this  Fund  to  be  used  for  students,  both  in 
College  and  Seminary,  studying  for  the  ministry.  Bene- 
ficiaries to  be  nominated  by  the  General  Synod  and  con- 
firmed by  the  Trustees  of  the  College. 

The  Rebecca  Knox  Fund 2,000.00 

The  income  from  this  fund  to  be  used  for  the  support 
of  one  student  in  the  Theological  Seminary.  Beneficiaries 
to  be  nominated  by  the  General  Synod  and  confirmed  by 
the  Trustees  of  the  College. 

The  Smock  Fund 500.00 

The  Mandeville  Fund 4,000.00 

The  Voorhees  Residuary  Legacy  Fund 24,613.27 

The  Brownlee  Memorial  Fund 2,000.00 

The  income  from  these  four  Funds  to  be  used,  during  the 
college  course  only,  for  students  studying  for  the  ministry. 
Appointments  to  be  made  by  the  Trustees. 

The  Hedges  Scholarship  Fund 2,500.00 

The  income  from  this  Fund  to  be  used  to  "establish  a 
Scholarship  for  the  benefit  of  the  Christian  ministry." 

Total  held  by  Trustees  of  Rutgers  College $55,226.84 

ENDOWED    SCHOLARSHIPS    IN   THE  THEOLOGICAL   SEMI- 
NARIES AND  COLLEGES  EAST  AND  WEST  MAY  1,  1901. 

Held  by  the  General  Synod's  Board  of  Direction — 

Van  Rensselaer $1,700.00 

Wm.  Paterson  van  Rensselaer 1,700.00 

Rutgers   1 ,700.00 

Heyer  1 ,700.00 

Cornell 2,000.00 

Wyckoff 2,500.00 

Margaret  Burgess 1,700.00 

John  Clark 3,000.00 

James  Bogert,  Jr 2,000.00 

Isaac  L.  Kip 1 ,700.00 

Tannake   Turk    1,700.00 

Richard  Cadmus 2,000.00 

Stryker    2,000.00 

Hornbeck,  two  Scholarships 4,000.00 

Freeborn   2,000.00 

James  Bogert,  Jr.,  second  Scholarship 2,000.00 

Cuyler    2,000.00 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  211 

Margaret  Ten  Eyck 2,000.00 

Catalina  Ten  Eyck 2,000.00 

Daniel  L.  Schanck 3,000.00 

Moses  Cowen 2,500.00 

Bequest  of  Samuel  Gates 1,745.98 

Theodore  Frelinghuysen  de  Witt 2,500.00 

James  Suydam,  four  Scholarships 12,000.00 

Edward  Lansing  Pruyn 2,500.00 

Maria  R.  Leff erts 8,402.64 

Garret  Y.  Lansing 2,500.00 

Earnest  Blois 2,500.00 

Bequest  of  Joshua  Hornbeck 2,000.00 

Bequest  of  Ann  James 2,500.00 

Bequest  of  James  B.  Laing 7,500.00 

Louisa  Hasbrouck  5,000.00 

Jacob  Polhemus  . ; 2,500.00 

Abram  Storms 2,000.00 

Gardner  A.  Sage,  two  Scholarships 5,000.00 

Bequest  of  Maria  van  Antwerp,   for  the  James  van  Antwerp 

Scholarship 2,522.72 

Bequest  of  Jane  Brinkerhoff 5,000.00 

Bequest    of    Frederick    J.     Hosford,     for    Frederick    Hosford 

Scholarship 2,500.00 

Bequest  of  Rev.  David  A.  Jones 3,000.00 

Bequest  of  Robert  Gaston 2,000.00 

Bequest  of  John  Antonides,  on  account 9,322.67 

Bequest  of  Peter  P.  Schoonmaker 2,850.00 

Bequest  of  Sarah  Benham 7.397-6o 

Bequest  of  James  E.  Hedges,  for  James  E.  Hedges  Scholarship.  .  2,500.00 
Bequest  of  Mary  A.  Bogardus,  for  James  W.  Bogardus  Scholar- 
ship    3,000.00 

Bequest  of  Elias  J.  Hendrickson 10,000.00 

Bequest  of  Margaret  Antoinette  Thompson 2,000.00 

Bequest  of  Elizabeth  H.  Monroe,  for  Monroe  Scholarship 2,500.00 

Sarah  Suydam  Lott,  per  Peter  Lott 3,000.00 

Legacy  of  Anthony  Rue 2,740.00 

Bequest  of  Dr.  Edward  L.  Beadle,  for  Edward  L.  and  Adeline 

Beadle   Scholarship 3,500.00 


$167,381.61 


Bequests,  etc.,  for  the  education  of  pious  young  men  pre- 
paring for  the  Gospel  ministry  in  the  Theological  Seminary 
at  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  viz. : 

Bequest  of  John  Kline $500.00 

Bequest  of  Nicholas  Lansing 600.00 

Bequest  of  Janet  Hinchman 470.00 


212  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

Gain  on  sale  of  government  bonds 468.54 

From  family  of  the  late  Rev.  Goyn  Talmage,  D.D 250.00 

Bequest  of  Sarah  V.  B.  Benham 500.00 


$2,788.54 

Total  held  by  Board  of  Direction $170,170.15 

The  principal  necessity  for  the  incorporation  of  the  Board  of  Education 
arose  from  the  fact  that,  becoming  familiarly  known  as  the  Board  of  Edu- 
cation, funds  were  devised  for  it  under  that  title.  Having  no  legal  exist- 
ence as  such,  they  could  not  be  claimed.  After  some  losses  of  moneys  so 
devised,  for  future  security  the  Board  was  incorporated  Oct.  13,  1869. 
Under  this  arrangement  it  now  holds  the  following  scholarships  and 
funds : 

ENDOWED  SCHOLARSHIPS  IN  THE  THEOLOGICAL  SEMI- 
NARIES AND  COLLEGES  EAST  AND  WEST  May  1,  1901. 

Held  by  the  General  Synod's  Board  of  Education — 

1865     Charles  Dusenbury $2,500.00 

1872     Garret  Kowenhoven 3,000.00 

1872  Miss  Mary  le  Conte 3,000.00 

1873  James   Peters 3,325.00 

1875  John  V.  L.  van  Doren 5,833.00 

1876  Miss  Margaret  E.  Duryea 5,000.00 

1877  Jeremiah  Fuller 3,007.50 

1878  Miss  Mary  D.  Shaffer 3,000.00 

1878  Miss  Mary  M.  Danser 3,000.00 

1879  Rev.  A.  T.  Stewart 3,000.00 

1880  Rev.  Joseph  Scudder •.  1.000.00 

1889    The  Mrs.  Cornelia  A.  and  Miss  Liddie  R.  Statesir  Scholar- 
ship    3,000.00 

1890-2  "Berean"   Scholarship 2,000.00 

1891  Daniel  P.  Conover  Scholarship 3,000.00 

1892  Isaac  E.  Bergen 2,000.00 

1892     Thomas  Jessup 2.500.00 

1894     Sarah  Piatt  Remsen  Scholarship 3,000.00 

1894  Phcebe  A.  Remsen*  Scholarship 3,000.00 

1895  Asher  Riley  Scholarship 3,000.00 

1895     Frederick  Cook   Scholarship 3,000.00 

1899  A.  F.  Hazen 1,960.28 

1901     Cornelius  S.  Nevius 1,483.49 

For  the  benefit  of  Rutgers  College  and  New  Brunswick  Seminary — 

1900  John  and  Mary  Martin  Neefus  Educational  Fund 17,000.00 

For  the  benefit  of  New  Brunswick  Seminary — 

1883     Brush  Memorial  Fund 3,000.00 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  213 

For  the  benefit  of  Hope  College  and  Seminary — 

1884  Kesiah  Lansing  Fund 2,000.00 

1885  Johnson  Letson  Fund : 1,000.00 

1891  Rev.  Wm.  Brush  Scholarship 2,000.00 

1892  Thomas  Jessup 2,500.00 

For  the  benefit  of  Northwestern  Academy — 

1892    Thomas  Jessup 2,500.00 

Total  held  by  Board  of  Education $93,602.27 

Thus  has  this  department  of  the  church  grown  from  comparatively  insig- 
nificant beginnings.  In  1865  the  Synod  empowered  this  Board  to  enlarge 
its  sphere  of  operations  and  to  co-operate  with  the  Classes  in  the  establish- 
ment of  academies  and  classical  schools  within  their  bounds.  During  the 
year  ending  April  30,  1901,  $10,610  were  distributed  among  yj  students, 
and  $4,533  to  Western  academies  and  Hope  College,  the  latter  institution 
having  matured,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Board,  from  a  merely  academ- 
ical to  a  collegiate  character.  Parochial  schools  are  also  helped  to  some 
extent  by  this  Board. 

Tuition  fees  are  not  now  required  of  beneficiaries.  An  applicant  for  aid 
from  the  funds  of  the  Board  must  have  been  a  member  of  an  evangelical 
church  for  one  year,  and  must  be  a  member  of  the  Reformed  Church  at 
the  time  of  making  application.  He  must  be  ready  to  enter  college,  or 
must  have  been  regularly  admitted  into  college,  or  into  one  of  our  theo- 
logical seminaries  in  accordance  with  the  rules  established  therefor  by  the 
General  Synod.  About  three-quarters  of  the  present  ministry  of  the 
church  are  indebted  to  the  Board  of  Education  for  assistance  in  pursuing 
their  studies,  and  about  the  same  proportions  hold  true  respecting  the 
larger  number  of  those  who  have  finished  their  labors  and  have  gone  to 
their  reward. 

Rev.  J.  F.  Schermerhorn,  the  general  agent  of  all  the  benevolent  opera- 
tions of  the  church,  was  active  in  collecting  funds  for  this  Board,  1830-32. 
Rev.  A.  H.  Dumont  succeeded  him,  for  a  single  year.  Contributions 
amounted  to  about  $3,000  per  annum,  at  this  time,  although  diminished  in 
1832  by  the  epidemic.  For  the  next  decade  of  years  the  services  of  a 
special  secretary  were  dispensed  with,  Classical  agents  being  employed  to 
represent  the  educational  interests  of  the  church.  In  1843  Rev.  Ransford 
Wells  was  appointed  as  financial  secretary  to  take  the  general  superin- 
tendence of  all  the  boards.  He  occupied  this  position  for  only  two  years. 
Again,  for  more  than  half  a  score  of  years,  the  Board  remained  without  a 
corresponding  secretary,  but  its  small  receipts  (less  than  $1,700,  in  1855) 
compelled  it  to  seek  a  more  efficient  plan  of  operations.  Rev.  J.  A.  H. 
Cornell  was  accordingly  appointed  to  this  office,  in  1855,  under  whose 
energetic  efforts  this  Board  was  thoroughly  revived.  In  1857  the  Board 
was  reorganized.  At  the  end  of  the  six  years  of  his  service  the  contribu- 
tions of  the  churches  for  this  cause  had  increased  nearly  sixfold.  Upon  his 
resignation,  from  ill-health,  in  1861,  Rev.  John  L.  See  was  appointed  his 


214  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

successor,  and  rendered  more  than  a  score  of  years  of  conscientious, 
faithful  service  in  the  work  of  the  Board,  when  his  health  failed  and  he 
was  given  a  vacation  for  rest  and  recuperation.  During  his  incumbency 
263  students  were  aided  and  bequests  for  scholarships  were  received  ag- 
gregating $92,160.  From  the  organization  of  the  Board  to  the  year  1861, 
when  Dr.  See  assumed  the  office  of  secretary,  23  bequests  had  been  received, 
aggregating  $56,645. 

The  office  of  corresponding  secretary  was  declared  vacant  Feb.  1,  1885. 
For  a  short  time  the  office  duties  were  discharged  by  the  Rev.  Uriah  D. 
Gulick  and  afterward  by  the  Rev.  Giles  H.  Mandeville,  D.D.,  who  was 
elected  corresponding  secretary  Feb.  10,  1885,  and  resigned  his  office  Feb. 
1,  1900.  During  these  years  318  students  were  aided  and  bequests  aggre- 
gating $112,000  were  received.  Before  entering  upon  the  direct  work  of 
corresponding  secretary  of  the  Board  Dr.  Mandeville,  being  then  President 
of  Hope  College,  and  pastor  of  the  Harlem  Reformed  Church,  was  largely 
instrumental  in  raising  $43,000  for  our  Western  college  and  theological 
seminar}',  and  after  becoming  secretary,  by  his  suggestions  and  valuable 
influence,  materially  assisted  President  Kollen  in  raising  funds  for  the 
larger  endowment  of  Hope  College. 

The  Rev.  Mancius  S.  Hutton,  D.D.,  served  the  Board  nearly  fifteen  years 
as  corresponding  secretary,  1842-56,  his  services  being  rendered  gratuitously. 
He  was  elected  President  in  1858  and  held  the  office  until  1880.  He  was 
succeeded  as  President  by  the  Rev.  John  Gaston,  D.D.,  who  has  just  died, 
1901.  Thus  the  Board  has  had  but  two  presidents  in  forty-three  years.  It 
has  also  been  peculiarly  favored  in  its  treasurers,  Mr.  Frederick  J.  Hos- 
ford  having  most  efficiently  filled  this  office  for  thirty-three  years,  1856-89, 
being  followed  by  Mr.  R.  N.  Perlee,  who  held  the  office  until  1899. 

A  Manual  of  the  Board,  including  constitution,  by-laws,  rules  for  stu- 
dents, and  other  information  concerning  our  educational  work,  has  re- 
cently been  published,  a  copy  of  which  will  gladly  be  mailed  to  anyone 
upon  application  to  the  corresponding  secretary. 

The  present  corresponding  secretary  is  the  Rev.  John  G.  Gebhard,  the 
Rev.  G.  H.  Mandeville,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  being  treasurer. 


!Tho  latter  part  <>f  this  article,  since  1879,  has  been  kindly  prepared  by  Kev. 
John  G.  Gebhard. 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  215 


CHAPTER  XVII. 
DOMESTIC  MISSIONS. 

FIRST  PERIOD — 1786-1806. 

Until  the  independence  of  the  American  Reformed  churches  in  1772 
they  were  themselves  missionary  ground.  At  the  close  of  the  Revolution 
the  list  of  Dr.  Livingston  shows  eighty-five  churches,  thirty-two  ministers, 
serving  fifty-three  of  these  churches,  and  two  licentiates.  But  of  these 
ministers,  several  were  old,  and  soon  laid  aside,  while  not  a  few  new  settle- 
ments of  families  of  the  Reformed  faith  were  springing  up,  presenting 
favorable  opportunities  for  church  extension.  In  1786  the  old  Synod  took 
the  first  action  on  the  subject,  appointing  Messrs.  Westerlo,  D.  Romeyn,  H. 
Schoonmaker,  and  H.  Meyer  a  committee  to  devise  some  plan  for  sending 
the  Gospel  to  the  destitute  localities,  and  to  report  to  the  next  Synod.  This 
action  was  induced  by  a  request  from  the  inhabitants  of  Saratoga  to  be 
furnished  with  the  preaching  of  the  Word.  The  Classis  of  Albany  was 
requested  to  attend  to  their  wants,  in  the  meantime,  by  occasional  supplies. 
Plans  were  presented  the  next  year,  but  the  subject  postponed,  and  Dr. 
Hardenbergh  added  to  the  committee.  They  finally  recommended  that  vol- 
untary collections  be  taken  up  in  all  the  congregations,  as  manifestations  of 
their  love,  to  aid  in  the  extension  of  the  church.  This  was  the  first  effort 
of  the  kind  in  our  churches.  The  moneys  so  collected  were  to  be  laid  on 
the  tables  of  the  Classes,  and  through  them  transferred  to  the  Synod. 
With  these  means,  ministers  and  licentiates  were  enabled  to  visit  destitute 
localities  on  short  tours  and  preach  the  Gospel  and  organize  churches. 
Each  Classis  was  also  specially  directed  to  look  after  the  destitute  fields 
within  its  own  bounds.  In  1791  appeals  came  from  Hardy  County,  at  the 
headwaters  of  the  Potomac,  in  West  Virginia,  asking  for  help.  They  were 
supplied  through  the  ordination  of  a  Christian  physician  residing  there. 
(Jennings.)  The  subject  of  church  extension  is  found  inserted,  as  an  item 
in  the  regular  business  of  each  Classis,  as  early  as  1790,  and  moneys  began 
to  come  into  Synod's  hands  for  this  cause.  A  Classis  at  this  time  would 
collect  from  ten  to  twenty-five  pounds  annually.  The  Synod  could  now 
begin  to  act.  A  committee  was  appointed  to  find  persons  willing  to  under- 
take the  tours  proposed,  while  the  Classis  of  Albany  was  requested  still  to 
take  special  charge  of  the  needy  in  their  vicinity.  The  next  year,  the 
Synod  made  the  Deputati  Synodi  a  committee  on  church  extension,  to  take 
entire  charge  of  the  matter,  and  report  to  the  Synod ;  but  with  the  consti- 
tution of  the  General  Synod,  two  years  later,  their  duties  in  this  office 
seems  to  have  ceased.  Appeals  also  came  from  the  distant  Kentucky,  and 
from  the  Susquehanna.1     In  1792  Andrew  Gray,  of  Poughkeepsie,  undertook 


210  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

a  tour  to  the  latter  region,  spending  six  weeks,  while  his  pulpit  was  sup- 
plied by  the  Synod.  Two  years  later  the  brethren  Cornelison  and  S.  Os- 
trander  consented  to  make  similar  tours,  the  former  going  up  the  Delaware 
as  far  as  the  Great  Bend,  and  thence  across  to  the  Susquehanna,  and  down 
the  same  to  Wyoming,  spending  eight  weeks;  while  the  latter  proceeded 
from  Catskill  to  Jericho,  at  the  Unadilla,  and  thence  to  Schenenas,  Cherry 
Valley,  and  the  Onondaga,  for  the  same  length  of  time.  Mr.  Cornelison 
established  the  first  church  in  our  domestic  missionary  efforts,  at  Tioga, 
under  the  name  of  the  Church  of  Union,  in  the  Chenango  Valley,  near 
Binghamton   (1794). 

In  1796  the  people  of  Salt  River,2  Mercer  County,  Ky.,  forwarded  a  call  to 
the  Classis  of  New  Brunswick,  earnestly  requesting  them  to  fill  it.  They 
had  now  been  crying  for  help  for  six  years  in  vain.  Peter  Labagh,  a  stu- 
dent of  Froeligh,  offered  to  visit  this  field,  provided  he  could  be  ordained  as 
a  missionary  before  going.  The  Synod  consented,  and  the  Classis  of  Hack- 
ensack,  to  which  he  belonged,  put  the  call  in  his  hands.  Furnished  with 
£30,  he  started.  He  organized  a  church  of  one  hundred  families  at  Salt 
River,  but  on  account  of  their  distance,  their  unsettled  state,  and  the  im- 
probability of  his  denomination  extending  in  that  remote  locality,  he  re- 
turned their  call.  About  the  same  time  George  Brinkerhoff  undertook  a 
mission  to  the  Genesee  country,  spending  eight  weeks.  The  Classis  of 
Albany  urged  again  on  Synod  the  duty  of  devising  some  effectual  way  to 
meet  the  many  prayers  which  were  made  for  the  Bread  of  Life.  The  Synod, 
however,  only  postponed  the  further  consideration  of  their  requst.  In 
1797  John  Duryee  and  Peter  Stryker,  and  in  1798  Jacob  Sickles  and  Samuel 
Smith,  undertook  similar  missions  to  those  already  mentioned,  but  the  par- 
ticulars, with  the  Minutes  of  1797,  are  lost.3  At  the  close  of  the  century  all 
the  Classes  were  forwarding  money  (most  of  the  churches  contributing) 
except  the  Classis  of  Kingston,  for  the  cause  of  church  extension. 

In  the  meantime,  the  Classis  of  Albany  became  specially  prominent  for 
its  zeal  in  this  cause.  In  1798  they  employed  Robert  McDowell,  one  of 
their  ministers,  as  their  missionary  to  Canada,  who,  in  a  short  time,  organ- 
ized six  large  churches,  embracing  more  than  four  hundred  families,  along 
the  St.  Lawrence  and  the  northern  shores  of  Ontario.  The  people  there 
seemed  hungry  for  the  Bread  of  Life.  In  1800  he  permanently  settled  over 
three  of  these  churches.  (McDowell.)  Six  other  missionaries  were  also 
employed  by  them,  drawing  their  expenses  from  the  funds  of  the  Synod. 
The  Synod,  in  1800,  formally  appointed  the  Classis  of  Albany  to  take 
charge  of  all  the  missionary  operations  in  the  north.  (M.  G.  S.,  i,  307,  an 
interesting  report.)  With  the  increase  of  churches,  several  new  Classes 
were  organized  at  the  opening  of  the  present  century.  The  Classis  of 
Hackensack  was  divided  into  those  of  Bergen  and  Paramus ;  the  Classis  of 
Kingston  into  those  of  Ulster  and  Poughkeepsie ;  the  Classis  of  Albany 
into  those  of  Rensselaer,  Albany,  and  Montgomery;  which,  together  with 
the  Classes  of  New  York  and  New  Brunswick,  made  nine  in  number,  in  the 
year  1800. 

But  the  cause  somewhat  languished  after  this,  for  want  of  men.  The 
means  furnished,  also,  were  small.     Yet,  in  1804,  the  first  legacy  for  any  of 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  217 

the  benevolent  operations  of  the  church  was  left  by  a  Christian  lady,  Sarah 
de  Peyster.  Upon  inquiry,  the  Synod  informed  her  executors  that  the 
Classis  of  Albany  was  their  society  for  receiving  such  funds. 

But  for  eight  years,  now,  Canada  had  been  the  sole  field  of  operations. 
The  Classis  of  New  Brunswick  complained  that  there  were  destitute  places 
within  their  bounds  which  ought  to  participate  in  the  funds.  Their  churches 
in  Sussex  County,  N.  J.,  were  too  far  off  for  the  unaided  efforts  of  the 
ministers.  In  1806,  therefore,  the  Particular  Synod  of  New  York  requested 
the  General  Synod  to  resume  the  immediate  management  of  all  the  mis- 
sionary operations  of  the  church  which  had  been  confided  to  the  Classis  of 
Albany.  This  was  done.  Thus  ends  the  first  period  of  twenty  years  of 
the  missionary  operations  of  the  Reformed  Church. 

SECOND  PERIOD— 1806-1822. 

The  Synod  now  appointed  a  committee  of  four  ministers  and  four 
elders,  with  plenary  powers,  to  whom  should  be  confided  all  her  missionary 
operations.  They  were  located  in  Albany  till  1819,  when,  with  the  final 
abandonment  of  the  Canadian  missions,  they  were  directed  henceforth  to 
locate  in  New  York.  They  received  all  the  missionary  documents  from  the 
Classis  of  Albany,  and  the  members  of  the  committee  held  their  appoint- 
ment during  the  pleasure  of  Synod.  They  were  known  as  the  "Standing 
Committee  of  Missions  for  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  in  America." 

This  standing  committee  commenced  their  operation  on  the  old  plan — 
short  tours  by  settled  pastors.  But  these  reported  the  unsatisfactoriness  of 
such  efforts.  Messrs.  Bork,  C.  Ten  Eyck,  and  P.  D.  Froeligh,  in  1806, 
went  west  from  Albany  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles,  thence  to  Lake  Onta- 
rio, and  down  the  St.  Lawrence  to  Ogdensburg,  and  up  the  same  river  on 
the  Canada  side,  and  along  the  lake,  all  the  way  round  to  Niagara,  and 
thence  home,  visiting  many  settlements,  and  organizing  five  new  churches 
in  Canada.  Three  years  later  Messrs.  Sickles  and  H.  Ostrander  traversed 
the  same  ground,  the  parties  having  spent  about  three  months  each  time. 
They  found  the  state  of  religion  very  low,  though  they  were  treated  with 
civility  and  kindness.  Settled  ministers  were  wanted.  The  next  year 
(1810)  John  Beattie  went  over  the  same  route  and  organized  an  additional 
church  at  York,  in  Canada,  spending  nearly  five  months.  From  that  time 
till  the  close  of  the  war  with  Great  Britain,  only  one  laborer  visited  that 
region;  namely,  John  Duryee.  In  1817  John  F.  Schermerhorn  and  Jacob 
van  Vechten,  and  in  1818-19  Cornelius  Bogardus,  again  visited  those 
churches,  and  a  Presbyterian  licentiate,  Mr.  Allen,  was  also  employed  by 
the  committee.  During  all  this  time  (1798-1819)  Mr.  McDowell  had  been 
faithfully  laboring  in  his  own  charges  in  Canada.  There  were  yet  eleven 
of  those  mission  churches  existing.  They  earnestly  sought  for  two  more 
ministers  to  settle  there  and  organize  a  Classis. 

But  the  church  was  becoming  disheartened  by  the  distance,  and  the  want 
of  men  and  means.  Their  missionary  funds  had  not  yet  exceeded  $400  per 
year.  Complaints  were  heard  from  many  quarters.  There  were  many  calls 
from  churches  in  the  Union  and  nearer  home.     By  resolution,  the  field  had 


■tfI°  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

been  limited  to  Canada  and  the  routes  thither.  In  1815  Synod  permitted 
operations  elsewhere  in  the  States.  A  mission  to  Deer  Park  (Port  Jervis, 
by  C.  C.  Eltinge,  in  1816,  resulted  in  his  settlement  there,  where  he  con- 
tinued for  twenty-seven  years. 

With  the  transfer  of  the  committee  to  New  York  the  Canadian  churches 
were  quietly  abandoned.  One  minister  in  each  Classis  was  now  written  to, 
that  the  proper  fields  at  home  might  become  known.  Some  of  the  Classes 
had  begun  to  retain  their  money  for  their  own  missionary  necessities. 
Herkimer,  Fulton,  Schoharie,  Saratoga,  Washington,  and  Warren  Coun 
ties,  N.  Y. ;  Sussex,  N.  J. ;  Pike,  Pa.,  and  the  locality  of  Spotswood,  N.  J., 
were  the  fields  now  opening  to  view.  A  church  was  soon  organized  at 
Spotswood,  through  the  labors  of  Van  Hook.  Isaac  Ferris  labored  for 
three  months  along  the  Mohawk,  and  received  a  call  to  Manheim,  but  de- 
clined. Mr.  Switz  followed  him  there  for  the  same  period.  The  next  year 
Messrs.  Ketchum  and  Fort  were  sent  to  that  locality,  and  also  Mr.  van 
Hook,  after  having  spent  a  short  time  at  Stillwater,  in  Sussex  County,  N. 
J.  Cent  societies  were  also  started  at  this  time,  in  many  churches,  but 
with  small  results. 

During  the  three  years  of  the  committee  in  New  York,  besides  the 
church  at  Spotswood,  others  were  organized — one  at  Oppenheim,  one  at 
Fayette,  Seneca  County,  and  one  at  Le  Roy,  Jefferson  County,  N.  Y.  Eight 
missionaries  had  been  employed.  In  1821  Synod  appointed  Messrs.  Knox, 
Milledoler,  and  Woodhull  a  committee  to  draw  up  a  new  plan  for  mission- 
ary operations  and  to  report  to  next  Synod.  But  their  action  was  fore- 
stalled by  individual  efforts.  At  the  suggestion  of  Paschal  N.  Strong  a 
number  of  pious  individuals,  in  January,  1822,  organized  themselves  into  a 
society  to  be  known  as  "The  Missionary  Society  of  the  Reformed  Dutch 
Church."  The  formation  of  this  society  was  made  known  to  the  Synod, 
and  the  matter  was  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Missions.  Its  birth  was 
hailed  with  joy.  Its  board  of  managers  was  made  Synod's  Standing  Com- 
mittee on  Missions,  and  all  the  churches  were  exhorted  to  form  auxiliary 
societies,  not  only  for  domestic,  but  for  foreign  missionary  operations. 
During  this  period  three  Classes  were  organized ;  namely,  Long  Island, 
1813;  Philadelphia,  1814.  and  Washington,  1818. 


THIRD  PERIOD— 1822-32. 

The  policy  of  the  new  society  was  to  employ  as  many  of  the  graduates  of 
the  seminary  as  were  willing  to  undertake  missions,  to  have  auxiliary  so- 
cieties in  every  congregation,  and  to  take  up  collections  at  the  monthly  con- 
certs for  prayer.  They  published  reports  each  year  which  were  scattered 
through  the  churches.  This  society  was  the  beginning  of  a  new  life.  It 
was  felt  that  a  brighter  day  was  dawning.  Nearly  $2,000  were  contributed 
in  the  first  four  months,  and  the  amount  increased  in  the  sixth  year  to 
more  than  $5,000.  During  the  ten  years  of  the  existence  of  this  society 
they  collected  more  than  $30,000,  and  aided  about  100  churches  or  stations 
and  130  missionaries.     This  society  also  started,  in  1826,  the  "Magazine  of 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  210. 

the  R.  D.  Church,"  issued  monthly,  and  which,  four  years  later,  was  trans- 
formed into  the  "Christian  Intelligencer." 

They  confined  their  efforts  to  the  then  limits  of  the  church,  in  strength- 
ening and  establishing  present  organizations,  rather  than  extending. 

But  the  Particular  Synod  of  Albany  felt  at  length  that  they  were  remote 
from  the  Board,  and  did  not  receive  all  the  help  which  their  destitute  locali- 
ties demanded,  and,  accordingly,  in  1828,  the  Synod  directed  that  a  Northern 
Board  be  appointed  by  the  Missionary  Society,  to  act  under  them.  They 
were  accordingly  organized,  and  appointed  J.  F.  Schermerhorn  their  agent 
(1829),  to  call  forth  the  resources  of  the  Church  and  determine  the  proper 
missionary  fields.  There  were  at  the  time  (1830)  159  ministers,  12  licen- 
tiates, and  194  churches,  of  which  33  were  vacant,  and  26  in  need  of  aid. 
Mr.  Schermerhorn  gave  a  new  impetus  to  the  work  of  benevolence  in  the 
church.  But  the  Northern  Board  was  dissatisfied  with  present  arrange- 
ments. They  were,  in  fact,  only  a  sub-committee  of  the  society  in  New 
York,  to  which  everything  must  be  finally  referred.  They  were  much 
crippled  in  their  operations.  They  could  do  nothing  independently.  They 
kindly  asked  that  the  wisdom  of  Synod  would  consider  the  matter.  The 
Missionary  Society  was  not  wholly  under  the  control  of  Synod.  Some 
collisions  had  occurred.  Mr.  Schermerhorn  had  been  discharged  by  the 
New  York  society  in  1830.  It  was  felt  that  Synod  should  have  full  power 
over  all  the  missionary  operations  of  the  church.  Synod  accordingly 
notified  the  society  that  the  officers  whom  they  had  recently  elected  should 
be  continued  during  the  present  year,  but  that  next  year  their  number 
should  be  reduced  to  fifteen  (one-half),  and  Synod  would  elect  them,  and 
they  were  requested  to  alter  their  constitution  accordingly.  Their  duties 
were  also  limited  to  the  Particular  Synod  of  New  York,  while  Synod 
elected  fifteen  for  a  similar  society  in  the  north.  Mr.  Schermerhorn  was 
also  appointed  general  agent  of  the  Church,  at  a  salary  of  $1,300  a  year,  to 
be  raised  by  private  subscription.  But  the  old  society  in  New  York  re- 
fused to  conform  to  the  injunction  of  Synod.  In  1831,  therefore,  Synod 
changed  the  basis  of  all  the  operations,  by  constituting  the  Board  of  Mis- 
sions. The  benevolence  of  the  church  was  for  a  few  years  nearly  equally 
divided  between  the  two  societies,  but  at  length  the  old  society  became 
auxiliary  to  the  new  Board.  In  1831  forty-five  missionary  stations  were 
reported.  During  this  period  four  Classes  were  organized;  namely,  Sche- 
nectady, Cayuga,  and  Schoharie,  1826,  and  the  South  Classis  of  New  York, 
1828. 

FOURTH  PERIOD— 183 1  TO  PRESENT  TIME. 

This  Board  of  Missions  had  all  the  mission  operations  of  the  church  com- 
mitted to  its  hands.  Mr.  Schermerhorn  went  at  once  vigorously  to  work. 
More  than  $5,400  crowned  his  efforts  in  the  first  year,  and  eight  new 
churches  were  organized  and  pastors  installed  over  them.  Yet  there  ex- 
isted great  prejudice  against  the  employment  of  an  agent.  Unkind  remarks 
were  made  concerning  him.  Dr.  C.  C.  Cuyler,  in  1832,  ably  vindicated  the 
necessity  and  propriety  of  the  office,  and  Mr.  Schermerhorn  was  elected  a 


220  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

third  time  to  this  position;  but  he  now  declined,  and  Rev.  A.  H.  Dumont 
was  elected  in  his  place.  The  old  Missionary  Society  continued  to  send 
their  reports,  but  Synod  declined  to  take  any  action  on  them.  Great  excite- 
ment prevailed  on  the  whole  subject  for  a  couple  of  years,  and  the  church 
paper  was  filled  with  the  discussion.  Mr.  Dumont's  effort,  for  the  single 
year  of  his  service,  secured  about  $5,200.  But  in  1833,  for  some  reason, 
Synod  was  mistakenly  induced  to  discontinue  the  agency,  but  with  bad 
results,  the  receipts  falling  off  $2,400  the  first  year.  The  old  Misionary 
Society  now  consented  to  become  auxiliary  to  the  Board,  and  their  receipts 
swelled  the  total  to  $5,600.  The  German  Church  also  about  this  time  made 
informal  overtures  for  united  efforts  to  help  their  churches  in  Central  Penn- 
sylvania. For  nine  years  the  Board  depended  on  Classical  agents.  During 
this  time  (1837)  the  first  church  of  the  denomination  was  organized  in  the 
West,  at  Fairview,  111.  Other  churches  were  subsequently  organized  in 
Michigan,  Illinois,  and  the  territory  of  Wisconsin.  In  1841  these  were 
sufficient  to  organize  the  Classes  of  Illinois  and  Michigan,  and  ten  years 
later  the  Classis  of  Holland.  The  yearly  benevolence  during  this  period, 
for  this  cause,  only  amounted  to  four  or  five  thousand  dollars  per  annum, 
though  it  had  sometimes  exceeded  $6,000  in  earlier  years  (1830-35).  About 
thirty-five  churches  per  annum  received  aid  from  the  Board.  But  in  1842 
a  financial  secretary  was  appointed,  Rev.  Ransford  Wells,  to  take  the  gen- 
eral superintendence  of  both  the  Foreign  and  Domestic  Missions,  the  Board 
of  Education,  and  the  Sabbath  School  Union.  The  next  year,  in  conse- 
quence of  enlarged  operations  and  the  need  of  increased  services,  a  division 
of  duties  was  made — those  pertaining  to  the  Western  missions  being  placed 
in  the  hands  of  Rev.  B.  C.  Taylor,  and  those  pertaining  to  the  Eastern,  in 
the  hands  of  Rev.  G.  H.  Fisher.  The  cause  was  now  in  a  prosperous  con- 
dition. Many  churches  were  organized  and  assisted.  In  1844,  however, 
Dr.  Wells  resigned,  and  the  loss  of  the  financial  agent  was  plainly  visible. 
During  the  last  year  of  his  labors,  the  receipts  of  the  Board  reached  the  sum 
of  $9,516,  and  the  subsequent  year  they  decreased  nearly  $3,000.  The  name 
of  the  Board  was  also  at  this  time  changed  from  the  "Board  of  Missions" 
to  the  "Board  of  Domestic  Missions  of  General  Synod."  The  secretaries 
of  the  East  and  the  West  continued  their  labors  till  1849.  In  ^45  the 
Synod  appointed  Rev.  Dr.  Ferris  to  visit  the  Western  field  and  report  its 
condition.  About  this  lime  also  the  large  immigration  of  Hollanders  be- 
gan; they  settled  in  Michigan  and  adjoining  states.  These  naturally,  to  a 
large  extent,  united  with  the  Reformed  Church.  They  were  driven  hither 
by  religious  persecution.  Operations  were  soon  greatly  enlarged,  and  in 
1849  the  Board  was  reorganized,  and  Rev.  John  Garretson  chosen  secretary. 
During  the  following  decade  of  years  no  less  than  one  hundred  and  fifty 
new  churches  were  organized,  many  of  them  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Domestic  Board.  During  this  same  time  the  receipts  more  than  doubled, 
reaching,  in  the  year  of  Dr.  Garretson's  resignation,  the  sum  of  nearly 
$17,000.  Rev.  Anson  du  Bois  succeeded  Dr.  Garretson,  and  having  served 
in  this  capacity  for  three  years,  Rev.  Goyn  Talmage  took  his  place.  Rev. 
Cyrus  Vanderveer  succeeded  for  a  brief  space  (July,  1867 — April,  1868) 
and  the  position  is  now  occupied  by  Rev.  Jacob  West,  D.D.     The  receipts 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  221 

for  the  year  ending  April,  1878,  were  $27,542.  The  number  of  Classes  dur- 
ing the  existence  of  this  Board  has  more  than  doubled.  The  Board  durin- 
the  year  1878  employed  ninety-seven  laborers  and  assisted  one  hundred  and 
two  churches.  These  churches  contributed  to  the  funds  of  the  Board  for 
the  year  endmg  April,  1878,  about  $1,230.  The  Board  of  Domestic  Missions 
was  incorporated  in  1867,  and  now  holds  its  own  funds,  these  having  been 
previously  held  by  the  Board  of  Corporation. 

HISTORY  SINCE  1879,  BY  THE  REV.  CHARLES  H    POOL    D  D 
CORRESPONDING  SECRETARY. 

In  1881  General  Synod  recommended  the  organization  of  women's  so- 
cieties in  the  churches  to  aid  in  the  home  work,  "so  that  the  women  of  our 
Zion  may  be  found  exerting  the  same  blessed  influence  in  our  Domestic 
Missions  that  they  now  are  doing  in  the  foreign  field."  This  recommenda- 
tion was  heartily  welcomed  by  the  Board,  and  that  the  plan  might  be  more 
speedily  set  in  operation  many  ladies  were  delegated  to  attend  the  jubilee 
convention  of  the  Board  of  Domestic  Missions,  held  in  the  city  of  Newark 
N.  J.,  m  the  autumn  of  1882.  At  that  convention  the  ladies  held  a  sepa- 
rate meeting  and  steps  were  taken  toward  the  organization  of  a  Women's 
Executive  Committee  of  the  Board  of  Domestic  Missions.  A  committee 
was  appointed  for  each  Classis,  with  a  view  to  organizing  a  Woman's 
Domestic  Missionary  Society  in  every  church.  Classical  Missionary  Unions 
and  Classical  Conventions  were  at  once  originated,  and  two  of  the  latter 
were  held  the  first  year. 

The  Women's  Executive  Committee  has  never  become  incorporated  but 
remains  auxiliary  to  the  Board  of  Domestic  Missions,  and  has  worked  in 
entire  harmony  with  that  body  since  its  organization.  The  first  specific 
work  undertaken  was  the  erection  of  parsonages  for  our  mission  churches 
I  hen  they  began  to  provide  furniture  for  new  churches,  boxes  of  clothing 
and  other  good  things  for  missionary  pastors,  and  Christmas  boxes  for 
Mission  Sunday  Schools. 

The  "Paper  Mission"  was  organized  to  send  abundance  of  good  reading 
to  missionaries  and  to  many  of  the  poorer  families  of  their  congregations 
Later,  they  inaugurated,  and  from  the  first  have  wholly  supported  the 
Indian  Missions  at  Colony  and  Fort  Sill,  Okla.,  and  also  a  mission  among 
the  mountain  whites  in  Kentucky.  They  have  also,  for  several  years,  paid 
nearly  the  whole  of  the  appropriation  for  summer  missionary  work  of  stu- 
dents and  the  salaries  of  our  Classical  missionaries.  All  this  besides  fre- 
quently coming  to  the  help  of  the  Board  in  diminishing  a  deficit  in  the 
Missionary  and  Church  Building  Funds. 

STUDENT  MISSIONARIES. 

Theological  students  had  been  occasionally  employed  bv  the  Board  to 

supply  vacant  churches  and  missions  during  the  summer  months      That 

this  has  become  a  permanent  feature  of  the  Board's  work    is  owing  to  the 

impetus  given  at  the  jubilee  convention  in  1882.     Since  then  students  from 


222  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

our  two  seminaries  in  increasing  numbers  have  applied  for  service  each 
year,  and  now  about  thirty  of  these  young  men  are  commissioned  during 
the  summer  vacations  to  do  missionary  work  in  vacant  fields. 

PERMANENT  HEADQUARTERS  FOR  THE  BOARDS. 

The  want  of  a  permanent  home  for  the  boards. of  the  church  had  long 
been  felt.  In  1883  the  matter  was  seriously  considered,  and  an  effort,  con- 
sequent upon  the  action  of  General  Synod,  was  made  to  secure  a  church 
house,  but  it  was  not  until  January,  1892,  that  the  Reformed  Church  build- 
ing at  25  East  Twenty-second  Street,  New  York  City,  was  purchased  by 
General  Synod,  where  all  the  boards  have  permanent,  commodious,  and 
comfortable  quarters.  The  Domestic  Board  occupies  the  rooms  on  the 
second  story  front,  while  the  Women's  Executive  Committee  has  its  own  on 
the  third  floor  in  the  rear. 

MEANS  OF  INFORMATION  FROM  CHURCHES. 

In  1884  blank  forms  for  applications  for  aid  from  both  Missionary  and 
Building  Funds  were  adopted  for  use.  This  was  found  to  be  a  great  im- 
provement in  securing  more  full  and  accurate  information  concerning  the 
churches  seeking  aid,  besides  enabling  the  Board,  by  filing  these  annual 
applications,  to  keep  an  exact  and  comparative  record  of  the  yearly  prog- 
ress, or  otherwise,  of  each  church  under  its  care.  Later  General  Synods 
instructed  the  Classes  to  vote  by  ballot  on  every  application  for  aid  to  the 
Board,  and  to  send  to  the  Board  with  the  application  a  record  of  such 
ballot.  Two  years  later  the  Board  adopted  blank  forms  for  quarterly  re- 
ports from  the  missionary  pastors.  This  secures  more  frequent  informa- 
tion from  the  various  fields,  and  furnishes  many  interesting  items  for  pub- 
lication in  the  church  periodicals. 

CHANGE  OF  OFFICERS. 

In  1885  it  was  decided  to  make  a  change  in  the  treasurership  of  the  Board, 
and  Mr.  John  S.  Bussing  was  elected  treasurer,  which  office  he  has  held 
for  sixteen  years. 

In  the  latter  part  of  1887  Rev.  Dr.  Jacob  West  resigned  the  office  of  cor- 
responding secretary,  having  held  that  position  for  twenty  years.  Rev. 
Charles  H.  Pool  was  chosen  as  his  successor,  began  his  work  Jan.  1,  1888, 
and  still  occupies  that  place.  Dr.  West,  in  view  of  his  long  and  faithful 
service,  was  made  honorary  corresponding  secretary,  and  so  retained  his 
connection  with  the  Board  till  his  death  in  January,  1890. 

IMMIGRANT  MISSION. 

Previous  to  1887  the  immigration  of  Hollanders  to  this  country  began 
greatly  to  increase,  much  the  larger  part  locating  in  the  West.  To  be  of 
service  to  these  recruits  for  our  Western  churches,  the  Board  commis- 
sioned a  Holland  minister  to  meet  and  welcome  them  as  they  landed  in 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  223 

New  York,  to  hold  religious  services  with  them,  if  possible,  and  help  and 
speed  them  on  their  way  to  their  Western  homes.  This  continued  till 
1894,  when,  Holland  immigration  having  largely  decreased,  the  mission 
was  suspended. 

POLICY  OF  ENLARGEMENT  ADOPTED. 

churches  and  missions  under  its  care,  and  their  respective  Classes,  with  a 
view  to  stimulate  to  larger  liberality  and  exertion  for  growth  and  self- 

The  Board  had  for  some  time  felt  the  need  of  a  closer  touch  with  the 
support,  and  likewise  to  seek  and  enter  any  new  fields  that  might  be  rightly 
available  for  church  extension.  Some  of  the  Western  Classes  had  sug- 
gested that  a  missionary  at  large  within  their  bounds  would  be  a  great 
help  toward  expansion,  and  the  Synod  of  Chicago  had  several  times  asked 
for  an  itinerant  and  supervising  missionary  for  the  whole  Synod. 

The  Board,  therefore,  agreed  to  support  Classical  and  Synodical  mission- 
aries where  they  should  be  found  necessary.  The  first  Classical  missionary 
began  work  in  the  Classis  of  Iowa  in  1887.  Since  that  date  all  the  Western 
Classes  except  two  have  at  different  times  been  benefited  by  the  services 
of  itinerant  missionaries. 

Of  the  same  character,  though  on  a  much  larger  scale,  was  the  work  of 
the  missionary  superintendent  of  the  Synod  of  Chicago.  Rev.  R.  H.  Jol- 
dersma  was  appointed  to  this  position  in  January,  1889,  and  served  till 
January,  1895.  When  Mr.  Joldersma  resigned  to  resume  his  pastorate  no 
one  was  chosen  to  succeed  him,  as  it  was  now  considered  that  the  several 
Classical  missionaries  could  accomplish  the  work  desired. 

In  the  Synod  of  Albany  Rev.  J.  H.  Enders  filled  the  post  of  missionary 
superintendent  from  1890  till  1899. 

Besides  these  agencies  for  church  extension,  each  Classis  has  its  domestic 
missionary  agent,  chosen  from  the  acting  pastors,  whose  office  it  is  to 
secure  larger  offerings  for  the  Board  in  that  Classis.  These  Classical 
agents  may  be  invited  to  meet  with  the  Board  at  least  once  each  year  to 
act  as  advisory  members. 

DENOMINATIONAL  COMITY. 

The  multiplication  of  churches  in  Home  Mission  fields  was  the  occasion 
of  a  conference  in  1892  of  executive  officers  of  the  Home  Boards  of  the 
Presbyterian,  Congregational,  and  Reformed  Churches,  with  a  view  to  some 
mutual  arrangement  of  a  comity  in  church  extension.  It  was  agreed  that 
a  church  of  one  order  shall  not  be  planted  where  the  field  is  fully  occupied 
by  either  or  both  the  others ;  that  churches  under  the  care  of  the  different 
Boards  in  the  same  locality  may  have  one  pastor  or  supply,  equitably  sup- 
ported by  the  different  Boards,  and  at  the  same  time  retain  their  denomina- 
tional relations ;  and  that  final  decisions,  where  disagreements  arise  on  the 
field,  shall  be  left  with  the  secretaries  of  the  Boards  in  New  York.  This 
arrangement  has  somewhat  simplified  and  facilitated  the  work  of  each 
denomination  concerned  in  the  organization  of  new  churches. 


224  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 


.MISSIONARY  LITERATURE. 

The  interests  of  the  Domestic  Board  were  more  or  less  represented  in 
the  "Sower  and  Mission  Monthly,"  which  was  first  published  about  1855. 
This  periodical,  after  several  changes,  was  merged,  in  1888,  into  "The 
Mission  Field,"  the  present  missionary  magazine  of  the  denomination. 
Previous  to  1894  this  was  edited  by  the  secretaries  of  the  different  Boards, 
when  Rev.  A.  de  Witt  Mason  was  made  the  editor.  The  Home  Board  has 
its  full  share  of  representation  in  the  monthly  issues. 

The  children's  missionary  paper,  "The  Day  Star,"  was  first  issued  in 
1896,  and  is  both  edited  and  maintained  by  the  Women's  Boards.  This, 
with  the  issue  of  reports  and  leaflets  and  articles  in  "The  Christian  Intel- 
ligencer," keeps  the  subject  of  Domestic  Missions  before  the  church. 

In  the  department  of  Young  People's  Work,  including  both  Sunday 
Schools  and  Christian  Endeavor  Societies,  likewise  under  the  care  of  Mr. 
Mason,  the  interests  of  the  Domestic  Boards  are  equitably  represented. 

FIELD   SECERETARY  APPOINTED. 

The  administrative  work  of  the  Board  has,  in  late  years,  increased  to 
such  an  extent  that  the  corresponding  secretary  alone  could  not  possibly 
perform  the  office  work  and  also  go  about  among  the  churches  and  attend 
all  conventions  to  speak  for  the  cause.  So,  after  General  Synod  had  three 
times  recommended  the  appointment  of  a  field  secretary,  the  Board  chose 
Rev.  William  Walton  Clark  to  that  office,  and  he  entered  upon  his  work 
Jan.  1,  1898.  Both  the  corresponding  and  the  field  secretaries  find  their 
time  fully  occupied  in  the  service  demanded  by  the  various  interests  of  the 
Board. 

\MENDMENT  OF  CHARTER. 

The  original  charter  of  the  Board  restricted  its  work  to  "aiding  weak 
and  founding  new  churches  of  the  denomination."  In  1900  the  charter 
was  amended  so  as  "to  allow  its  missionaries  to  engage  in  evangelistic 
work  which  may  not  immediately  eventuate  in  the  founding  of  new 
churches." 

GROWTH  THROUGH  THE  BOARD'S  AGENCY. 

Not  many  new  churches  or  missions  are  organized  that  do  not  at  first 
seek  assistance,  and  fully  two-thirds  of  our  churches  have  been  at  some 
time  aided  by  this  Board.  In  fifty  years,  besides  fostering  many  churches 
in  the  East,  we  have  gained  the  Particular  Synod  of  Chicago,  which  now 
includes  churches  in  Illinois,  Ohio,  Michigan.  Wisconsin,  Indiana,  Iowa, 
Minnesota,  the  two  Dakotas,  Kansas,  Nebraska.  Montana,  and  Washing- 
ton. We  have  also  entered  the  Territory  of  Oklahoma.  This  extension, 
with  the  recent  planting  of  two  churches  in  Maryland,  has  been  almost 
entirely  accomplished  through  the  instrumentality  of  the  Domestic  Board. 

April  30,  1901,  the  end  of  the  last  fiscal  year,  the  Board  had  under  its 
care  230  churches  and  missions,  and  was  aiding  in  the  support  of  164  mis- 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  225 

sionary  pastors.  The  offerings  for  the  Missionary  Department  were 
$43,941.24,  but  to  this  must  be  added  the  gifts  to  the  Church  Building 
Fund,  which  is  a  branch  of  the  work,  viz.,  $7,740.68,  making  the  total  re- 
ceipts from  churches,  Sunday  Schools,  church  builders,  Christian  En- 
deavor Societies,  individuals,  and  Ladies'  Auxiliary  Societies,  $51,681.92. 
To  these  add  the  interest  on  funds  invested,  a  few  special  receipts  and 
legacies,  and  the  receipts  of  the  Domestic  Board  show  the  sum  of  $60,047.53. 
As  the  Women's  Executive  Committee  issues  its  own  treasurer's  report, 
its  receipts  are  not  included  in  these  figures.  But  in  order  to  show  the 
grand  total  of  funds  for  the  work  of  Home  Missions  its  receipts  of  last 
year  ($26,369.04)  are  added  to  the  Board's  income,  making  a  total  of 
$86,416.57. 

CHURCH  BUILDING  FUND. 

In  1854  the  plan  of  a  Church  Building  Fund  was  proposed,  in  accordance 
with  a  provision  in  the  original  constitution  of  the  Board.  The  original 
design  was  to  secure  a  capital  fund  of  not  less  than  $25,000,  to  loan  to  feeble 
churches  for  the  erection  of  their  buildings,  to  an  amount  not  to  exceed 
one-fifth  of  the  cost  of  such  building.  The  Board  of  Corporation  was  to 
take  a  first  bond  and  mortgage  of  the  consistory,  exacting  no  interest,  but 
said  bond  becoming  immediately  payable  in  case  of  any  change  of  ecclesi- 
astical relations.  But  nothing  effectual  was  done  for  several  years.  In 
1861,  and  again  in  1862,  the  plan  was  modified;  henceforth  applications 
from  churches  were  only  to  come  through  the  Classis,  stating  the  amount 
required  and  the  amount  to  be  raised  by  the  people. 

The  rule  now  governing  the  use  of  this  fund  is  as  follows :  Before  any 
appropriation  for  aid  from  the  Church  Building  Fund  shall  be  paid  by  the 
treasurer,  the  Consistory  of  the  church  receiving  such  aid  shall  transfer  to 
the  Board  of  Domestic  Missions,  by  good  and  sufficient  deed,  the  site 
whereon  the  building  is  to  be  erected,  or  shall  execute  a  bond  for  the  full 
amount  of  the  grant,  secured  by  a  first  mortgage,  according  to  a  form  ap- 
proved by  the  Board,  on  which  the  Board  may  remit  interest  on  condition 
that  an  annual  collection  be  taken  for  the  fund.  Such  bonds,  bearing  no 
interest,  shall  rest  as  an  obligation  on  the  congregation,  if  possible,  to  be 
discharged  in  due  time. 

The  Board  now  has  in  its  possession  about  185  such  deeds  and  mortgages, 
representing  loans  varying  in  amount  from  $200  to  $10,000.  See  Chron- 
ological List  of  Churches  in  the  Appendix. 


aSee  "Conewago,"  under  list  of  churches  for  particulars. 
2See  "Salt  River,"  under  list  of  churches,  for  particulars. 
sThese  "Minutes"  have  recently  been  found. 


226  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 


CHAPTER  XVIII. 

YOUNG  PEOPLE'S  SOCIETIES. 

BY   REV.    A.    DE    WITT    MASON,    SECRETARY    FOR   YOUNG    PEOPLE'S    MISSION    WORK. 

The  Reformed  Church  has  always  shown  much  interest  in  its  young 
people,  and  exercised  great  care  in  regard  to  their  religious  and  social 
training.  In  the  early  history  of  the  church  the  children  and  youth  were 
gathered  into  catechetical  classes  and  carefully  taught  the  doctrines  of 
religion.  The  Heidelberg  Catechism  was  prepared,  not  only  as  a  declara- 
tion of  the  faith  of  the  church,  but  as  "a  method  of  instruction  in  the 
Christian  religion,  as  the  same  is  taught  in  the  Reformed  churches  and 
schools  in  Holland  and  America."  And  the  "Compendium"  is  a  shorter 
form  of  the  Catechism  arranged  for  those  who  intend  to  approach  the  Holy 
Supper  of  the  Lord. 

This  system  of  catechetics  is  still  pursued  in  the  larger  number  of  our 
Holland  and  German  churches,  and,  to  some  extent,  is  being  introduced 
with  good  results  among  our  American  congregations. 

Following  the  "Catechetical  Classes,"  the  Sunday-schools  were  the  next 
form  of  young  people's  organizations  for  religious  training,  being  intro- 
duced into  America  by  Bishop  Asbuty  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 
They  were  introduced  into  the  Reformed  Church  early  in  the  nineteenth 
century,  and  the  catechetical  instruction  hitherto  given  directly  by  the 
minister  was  imparted  through  the  medium  of  the  teacher  or  by  the  pastor 
during  the  school  session.  The  growth  of  the  modern  Sunday-school 
system  of  religious  instruction  is  a  matter  of  familiar  knowledge,  and  it 
need  only  be  said  that  to  that  development  the  Reformed  Church  has  con- 
tributed her  full  share. 

Of  the  more,  voluntary  forms  of  young  people's  organizations,  the  Mission 
Band,  or  Circle,  was  probably  the  earliest.  It  is  not  known  just  when  the 
first  of  these  bands  was  organized,  but  when  the  missionary  interest  of  the 
church  began  to  be  quickened,  in  the  early  part  of  the  last  century,  the 
children  were  gathered  for  instruction  and  the  quickening  of  beneficence, 
and  these  bands  soon  multiplied  with  much  rapidity.  At  present  they  are 
chiefly  organized  in  connection  with  our  Woman's  Missionary  Boards,  and 
as  reported  in  the  last  annual  statements,  numbered  about  150. 

In  February,  1881,  the  Rev.  Francis  E.  Clark,  then  pastor  of  the  Williston 
(Congregational)  Church,  of  Portland,  Maine,  organized  the  young  people 
of  that  church  into  the  first  "Young  People's  Society  of  Christian  En- 
deavor." with  substantially  the  same  methods  and  principles  that  have  since 
become  so  familiar.  The  example  thus  set  was  speedily  copied  by  some 
of  the  neighboring  churches  and  soon  began  to  attract  the  attention  of  other 
denominations.     In    February,    1883,    the   young   people   of    the    Reformed 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  227 

Church,  of  Belleville,  N.  J.,  then  under  the  pastorate  of  the  Rev.  Ralph  W. 
Brokaw,  organized  the  first  Christian  Endeavor  Society  in  our  denomina- 
tion, and  two  months  later— April,  1883— the  second  society  in  the  Reformed 
Church  was  organized  in  the  South  Church,  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  the  Rev. 
A.  de  W.  Mason,  pastor.  This  new  organization  was  warmly  received  by 
the  Reformed  Church,  which  was  among  the  first  of  the  denominations  to 
officially  recognize  and  endorse  it  by  the  action  of  its  highest  court,  the 
General  Synod,  which,  in  1888,  passed  a  resolution  heartily  commending  the 
organization.  With  such  encouragement,  the  societies  rapidly  multiplied 
and  are  now  found  in  a  very  large  majority  of  our  churches.  The  Re- 
formed Church,  in  fact,  stands  very  near  if  not  actually  at  the  head  of  the 
various  denominations  in  the  proportionate  number  of  Christian  Endeavor 
Societies  found  among  its  congregations.  At  the  last  reports  these  num- 
bered 505  Young  People's  and  219  Junior  Endeavor  Societies,  a  total  of  724 
societies,  with  a  probable  membership  of  at  least  35,000  children  and  youth. 

Following  the  Christian  Endeavor  movement,  we  next  find  the  King's 
Sons  and  Daughters,  as  an  organization,  adopted  chiefly  by  the  young 
women  of  our  churches.  This  order  was  founded  by  Mrs.  Margaret  W. 
Bottome,  in  1887,  and  speedily  spread  through  the  evangelical  churches. 
There  are  now  about  84  circles  in  the  Reformed  Church,  and  800  or  900 
of  our  young  women  wear  the  purple  ribbon  and  the  silver  cross. 

The  Brotherhood  of  Andrew  and  Philip  is  an  organization  composed  of 
young  men,  who  are  pledged  to  observe  its  two  fundamental  rules  "of 
prayer"  and  "of  service."  Its  purpose  is  to  deepen  the  spiritual  life  of  its 
members  and  to  bring  a  religious  influence  to  bear  directly  on  other  young 
men.  Its  founder  was  the  Rev.  Rufus  W.  Miller,  D.D.,  of  the  (German) 
Reformed  Church  in  the  United  States,  who  organized  the  first  chapter  in 
the  Second  Reformed  Church,  at  Reading,  Pa.,  on  May  4.  1888.  The  first 
convention  was  held  in  the  same  church  in  June,  1889.  The  Federal  Coun- 
cil was  organized  in  the  Marble  Collegiate  Church,  New  York,  in  1893 ;  and 
the  First  Federal,  or  Interdenominational,  Council  was  held  in  the  same 
church  in  November,  1893.  This  brotherhood  has  now  spread  to  the 
Presbyterian,  Congregational,  and  Reformed  Churches,  and  has,  in  the 
Reformed  (Dutch)  Church,  34  chapters,  averaging  25  members  each. 

Besides  the  above  mentioned  organizations,  there  is  a  large  number  of 
Boys'  Brigades,  Bands  of  Mercy,  Temperance  Bands,  and  other  like  socie- 
ties, numbering  at  least  100  more  than  those  already  mentioned;  so  that 
it  may  be  said  that,  as  far  as  organization  can  effect  it,  the  children  and 
youth  of  the  Reformed  Church  are  well  equipped  to  learn  and  do  the  things 
which  belong  to  them  as  members  of  the  church  of  Christ. 

THE  CHRISTIAN  ENDEAVOR  MISSIONARY  LEAGUE. 
This  is  spoken  of  separately  from  the  Young  People's  societies  mentioned 
in  the  preceding  section,  because  it  is  an  organization  peculiar  to  the  Re- 
formed Church,  and  has  proven  of  much  benefit  to  the  mission  work  of  our 
denomination.  It  came  from  a  necessity  and  originated  in  a  successful 
effort  to  unite  the  Endeavor  societies  of  our  church  in  the  raising  of  a  fund 
in  aid  of  the  Home  and  Foreign  Mission  work  of  the  denomination.    The 


228  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

first  funds  were  raised  in  behalf  of  the  Church  Building  Fund  of  the  Board 
of  Domestic  Missions,  and  in  support  of  the  Chittoor  Station  of  the  Arcot 
Mission  in  India.  Within  the  first  five  years  these  offerings  amounted  to 
about  $8,000,  including  some  gifts  for  the  Woman's  Boards  and  Education. 
In  April,  1893,  the  Leagne  was  formed,  and  the  receipts  of  that  year 
amounted  to  nearly  $5,000.  Since  then  there  has  been  almost  steady  ad- 
vance in  its  offerings,  and  the  annual  receipts  have  risen  from  $5,000  to 
over  $10,000  per  year.  The  report  for  1901  shows  a  total  of  392  League 
societies,  with  an  offering  of  $10,477.41.  The  whole  amount  contributed  by 
the  League  to  the  mission  work  of  the  church  during  the  thirteen  years— 
1888  to  1 901— is  $75,ooo. 

The  foreign  missionary  work  of  the  League  has  been  to  sustain  the 
missions  at  Chittoor,  India,  and  Bahrein,  Arabia,  and  Aomori,  Japan.  In 
the  home  field  twenty-one  "Christian  Endeavor  Churches"  have  been  as- 
sisted with  funds,  these  churches  being  situated  in  almost  every  State 
where  our  church  exists,  from  New  Jersey  to  the  State  of  Washington.  The 
Indian  work  at  Oklahoma  has  also  received  much  assistance,  and  some 
funds  have  gone  to  China  and  North  Japan.  The  League  maintains  an 
annual  convention  and  many  lesser  meetings,  and  has  done  much  to  con- 
solidate and  unify,  not  only  the  missionary  life,  but  the  denominational 
loyalty  of  the  young  people  of  the  Reformed  Church. 

THE      MISSIONARY      PERIODICALS      OF      THE      REFORMED 

CHURCH. 

By  Rev.  A  de  W.  Mason,  Editor  of  "The  Mission  Field." 

The  subject  of  the  missionary  periodicals  of  the  Reformed  Church  is 
one  whose  history  is  quite  extensive  and  full  of  changes.  Among  the 
earliest  of  the  periodicals  devoted  to  our  missionary  interests  were  the 
"Journal  of  Missions"  and  "The  Day  Spring,"  which  were  issued  about 
1852,  and  continued  to  be  published  for  some  years.  About  1855  they 
were  succeeded  by  "The  Sower  and  Gospel  Field,"  and  in  1881  by  "The 
Sower  and  Mission  Monthly."  This  latter  paper,  with  several  changes, 
continued  until  1888,  when  it  was  superseded  by  the  present  magazine,  "The 
Mission  Field."  The  several  boards,  with  the  exception  of  the  Board  of 
Publication  and  the  Woman's  Board  of  Foreign  Mission,  unite  in  sustain- 
ing this  magazine.  The  Woman's  Board  publish  a  bi-monthly  magazine, 
the  "Mission  Gleaner,"  which  gives  the  news  of  the  woman's  work  in  the 
foreign  field.  All  the  other  missionary  news  finds  it  way  into  the  columns 
of  the  "Mission  Field,"  whose  monthly  messages  to  the  churches  are  of 
great  value.  The  Sunday-school  missionary  paper  of  our  church  is  "  The 
Day  Star,"  and  is  the  ultimate  successor  of  a  number  of  periodicals  which 
need  not  now  be  mentioned.  Its  publication  was  begun  in  October,  1896, 
and  its  reception  by  the  church  was  very  encouraging.  It  is  the  only  Sun- 
day-school paper  published  exclusively  for  our  own  church  schools,  and 
plays  an  important  part  in  the  missionary  education  of  our  children.  The 
"Missionary  Lesson  Leaflet,"  whose  publication  was  begun  in  March,  1900, 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  220, 

is  issued  quarterly,  and  is  becoming  much  used  by  those  desiring  to  teach 
missionary  facts  and  information  in  a  systematic  way. 

By  the  above  review  of  our  missionary  literature  it  will  be  seen  that  our 
church  is  now  well  supplied  with  all  necessary  means  of  information  re- 
garding our  missionary  operations.  It  only  remains  that  our  people  shall 
avail  themselves  of  these  means  far  more  largely  than  they  have  hitherto 
done,  and  shall  transmit  into  practical  use  the  interest  and  convictions 
aroused  by  the  communication  of  the  facts  concerning  our  efforts  as  a 
church  to  fulfil  the  Master's  command  to  "Preach  the  Gospel  to  every 
people." 


230  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 


CHAPTEK  XIX. 

FOREIGN  MISSIONS. 

PRELIMINARY. 

Christianity  is  nothing  if  it  be  not  a  missionary  religion.  Make 
disciples  of  all  nations  was  the  Master's  great  command  to  His  church. 
Old  Testament  prophecy  had  this  underlying  thought  in  its  every  utter- 
ance— that,  through  Abraham's  seed  all  the  families  of  the  earth  should  be 
blessed.  "The  Acts  of  the  Apostles"  is  the  first  chapter  in  this  world-wide 
enterprise.  In  three  centuries  the  haughty  Roman  Empire  was  obliged  to 
acknowledge  that  the  Galilean  had  conquered.  By  the  year  500  the  whole 
Roman  Empire  was  substantially  Christianized ;  and  in  six  centuries  more 
all  the  rest  of  Europe  except  Lapland.  But  then  come  four  centuries — 
1 100  to  1500 — of  almost  entire  inactivity  in  regard  to  mission  work.  Dur- 
ing that  period  the  Christian  world  did  almost  nothing  for  the  evangeliza- 
tion of  the  heathen.  Why  this  inactivity?  It  was  because  the  Papal 
Church  was  moribund.     Hence  the  necessity  of  the  Reformation. 

But  the  churches  of  the  Reformation  for  almost  three  centuries  did 
comparatively  little  mission  work.  Why  their  inaction  for  so  long  a  time? 
Truth  always  provokes  opposition.  Mighty  conflicts  were  engendered  by 
the  Reformation.  A  corrupt  church  fought  savagely  against  reviving 
evangelical  truth.  Protestants  were  unable  to  secure  civil  and  religious 
recognition  before  1648,  at  the  Peace  of  Westphalia,  almost  a  century  and 
a  half  after  the  dawn  of  the  Reformation.  How  could  they  do  much  for 
missions  while  fighting  for  their  very  life?  And  then,  even  among  Prot- 
estants, the  union  of  church  and  state  continued,  with  the  general  non- 
toleration  of  dissenters.  There  were  also  great  discussions  about  church 
polity ;  and  the  very  name  of  Polemics,  as  a  branch  of  theology,  shows  that 
debates  were  not  always  carried  on  in  the  most  Christian  spirit.  All  these 
things  greatly  hampered  the  proper  development  of  the  spiritual  life  of  the 
church  and  delayed  her  due  consideration  of  her  world-wide  mission  to 
the  heathen. 

And  then  also  Protestants  could  do  very  little  toward  evangelizing  the 
heathen,  while  the  naval  and  commercial  power  of  the  world  remained  in 
the  hands  of  Roman  Catholics.  This  power  needed  to  be  transferred  to 
Protestants  before  they  could  become  familiar  with  distant  parts,  and  with 
the  character  and  numbers  and  lamentable  condition  of  heathen  peoples. 
Only  when  the  facts  became  accurately  known  would  their  sympathies  be 
properly  excited  and  their  duty  become  apparent.  Only,  also,  when  in 
possession  of  the  naval  and  commercial  power  of  the  world  would  they 
have  unrestricted  facilities  for  sending  missionaries  everywhere.  Such  are 
some  of  the  more  obvious  reasons  for  the  tardy  development  of  the  mis- 
sionary spirit  among  Protestants. 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  231 

But  there  were  also  some  benefits  in  this  delay.  The  Reformed  Church 
was  becoming  more  fully  imbued  with  divine  truth.  The  great  Protestant 
creeds  were  in  process  of  formulation.  A  more  thorough  indoctrination  of 
the  people  was  taking  place ;  while  last,  but  not  least,  the  true  evangelical 
spirit,  love  to  the  perishing,  was  in  process  of  development.  But  the  Re- 
formation, notwithstanding  this  delay,  was  the  principal  event  toward  the 
complete  evangelization  of  the  world  which  had  taken  place  in  the  pre- 
ceding millenium. 

EARLY  PROTESTANT  EFFORTS. 

There  were,  however,  some  examples  of  missionary  zeal  before  the  nine- 
teenth century.  The  first  distinctively  Protestant  mission  was  that  of 
Gustavus  Vasa,  King  of  Sweden,  to  Lapland,  in  1559.  Subsequently,  at  the 
suggestion  of  Grotius,  Peter  Heilig  went  to  Abyssinia,  in  1634,  and  gave 
that  people  a  new  version  of  the  Scriptures  in  the  Amharic  tongue.  Then, 
also,  all  the  charters  of  the  great  commercial  companies— English,  Dutch, 
and  Danish— referred,  at  least,  to  the  duty  of  evangelizing  the  natives  of  the 
countries  with  which  they  traded. 

HOLLAND  AND  THE  DUTCH  EAST  INDIA  COMPANY. 

The  merchants  of  the  United  Provinces  were  enterprising,  the  seamen 
full  of  courage,  and,  organized  as  an  East  India  Company  (1602-1795), 
they  established  commercial  colonies  at  many  points  upon  the  coast  of 
Asia,  and  on  many  of  the  contiguous  islands.  The  company,  the  govern- 
ment, and  the  church  worked  together  to  supply  the  settlements  with 
Christian  pastors.  These  godly  men  were  moved  with  compassion  for  the 
multitudes  of  heathen  surrounding  them.  They  learned  many  of  the  lan- 
guages of  Asia,  preached  to  Buddhists  and  Mohammedans,  and  translated 
Christian  books  into  Tamil,  Malay,  Chinese,  etc.  The  government  and 
church  at  home  assisted  the  colonial  pastors  generously,  although  not 
always  wisely.1 

The  first  clergyman  from  Holland  arrived  in  Batavia  in  the  year  1598. 
In  1620  Christian  worship  was  fully  established.  It  was  at  first  conducted 
in  the  Portuguese  and  Chinese  languages.  Rev.  Messrs.  Dubbledryk  and 
Candidus  were  probably  the  first  ministers  sent  to  the  East  Indies.  The 
former  was  soon  suspended  for  immoral  conduct;  the  latter,  by  insisting 
upon  monogamy  among  the  natives,  awakened  such  a  spirit  of  opposition 
that  it  was  considered  prudent  to  transfer  him  to  Formosa  in  1627,  the 
government  cautioning  him  not  to  give  offense  to  the  Chinese  and  Japanese 
emperors. 

Soon  after  1620  the  Netherlands  East  India  Company  supported  clergy- 
men of  the  Reformed  Church  in  Ceylon,  Sumatra,  Java,  Amboyna,  Hereso- 
ria,  Isles  of  Banda,  Coromandel,  Surat,  China,  Formosa,  Siam,  and  Japan. 
In  all  these  countries,  or  dependencies,  churches  and  school  houses  were 
built  by  the  combined  action  of  the  company,  the  government,  the  church 
at  home,  and  the  colonies. 

Many  translations  were  made.     For  the  use  of  the  Tamils  of  Ceylon  and 


232  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 

India  the  Bible  was  partially  translated.  Versions  were  also  made  in  Chi- 
nese and  Malay  of  portions  of  the  Scriptures.  The  catechism  of  the  church 
was  published  in  Tamil,  Chinese,  and  Malay,  and  was  translated  into  some 
of  the  more  local  dialects. 

To  thousands  of  men  the  Gospel  was  preached.  In  the  province  of 
Jaffna  alone,  in  Ceylon,  there  were  thirty-four  churches  appropriated  to  the 
use  of  the  native  population,  in  which  63,000  hearers  gathered,  exclusive  of 
2,000  baptized  slaves,  while  the  schools  connected  with  them  had  over 
16,000  native  children  in  regular  attendance.  Thousands  of  natives  in 
Ceylon,  in  Batavia,  in  Formosa,  were  baptized  on  professing  an  intellectual 
assent  to  the  Word  of  God.  It  is  unnecessary  to  quote  the  number  reported 
and  on  record.  In  accordance  with  the  universal  practice  of  the  Christian 
church  of  that  day,  men  were  unwisely  admitted  to  church  fellowship  if 
able  to  give  a  tolerably  clear  statement  of  essential  doctrines,  and  on  ex- 
pressing a  belief  in  the  same.  Evidences  of  conversion  and  a  statement  of 
Christian  experience  were  nowhere  required.  Besides  this,  employment 
under  the  government  was  given  only  to  the  natives  who  had  made  such  a 
profession.  This,  too,  was  in  accordance  with  almost  universal  custom. 
Intended  as  an  encouragement,  it  acted  mainly,  almost  exclusively,  as  a 
bribe. 

The  disposition  of  the  Church  of  the  Netherlands  may  be  learned  from 
the  fact  that,  between  1615  and  1725,  no  less  than  336  ministers  had  labored 
on  the  islands  or  mainland  of  what  was  then  commonly  called  the  East 
Indies.  Some  were  only  the  pastors  of  the  colonists  from  the  United  Prov- 
inces, others  were  truly  missionaries  to  the  heathen. 

When  the  government  of  the  Netherlands  was  exhausted  by  long  and 
costly  wars,  undertaken  for  the  defense  and  preservation  of  Christianity  and 
civil  liberty,  and  became  unable  to  reinforce  many  of  its  Asiatic  commer- 
cial posts,  they  were  overpowered  by  the  superior  numbers  of  the  English 
ships  and  forces,  and  brought  under  the  English  government.  The  English 
East  India  Company  not  only  totally  neglected  the  Christian  work  begun  by 
the  Hollanders  in  Asia,  but  discouraged  and  opposed  all  attempts  to  win  the 
natives  to  Christianity. 

The  Holland  settlement  on  Formosa  was  overpowered  and  broken  up  by 
Chinese  pirates,  the  home  government  having  neither  money  nor  men  to 
spare  for  the  succor  of  its  colonies ;  both  had  been  spent  in  a  terrible  con- 
flict with  the  Papacy  and  despotism. 

HOLLAND  AND  THE  DUTCH  WEST  INDIA  COMPANY. 

The  Church  of  Holland  also,  through  the  West  India  Company  (1621- 
1664)  did  something  for  the  Indians  in  America,  including  the  West  Indies 
and  Brazil.  The  American  ministers  often  allude  in  their  correspondence 
to  the  sad  condition  of  the  natives,  and  the  necessity  of  evangelizing  them ; 
and  in  the  calls  of  these  ministers  there  are  sometimes  stipulations  that  they 
should  not  neglect  the  natives. 

At  various  localities  in  New  York  and  New  Jersey  the  Gospel  was 
preached  to  the  red  man  by  the  pastors  of  the  Reformed  churches,  and 


THE    REFORMED     CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 


233 

prayers  offered  by  the  people  for  his  conversion  and  salvation.  Recorded 
particulars  of  this  work  are  preserved,  especially  in  connection  with  the 
settlement  at  Albany.  In  1643  Rev.  Mr.  Megapolensis  began  to  labor 
among  the  Mohawk  Indians  living  near  what  is  now  called  Albany.  This 
was  three  years  previous  to  the  labors  of  Rev.  John  Eliot,  of  Roxbury, 
Mass.,  among  the  Indians  of  that  locality.  Large  numbers  of  the  Mohawks 
attended^  the  preaching  of  Megapolensis,  who  had  become  quite  a  fluent 
speaker  in  their  language.  Many  of  them  were  truly  converted,  baptized, 
and  received  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Reformed  Church  of  Albany.  The 
baptismal  register  of  that  church  contains  the  names  of  many  of  these  con- 
verts, of  whom  the  greater  proportion  were  of  adult  years.  (Mega- 
polensis.) 

The  work,  so  well  begun  by  this  good  man,  was  carried  on  with  equal 
zeal  by  his  successors  in  the  pastoral  office.  The  Rev.  Godfriedus  Dellius, 
settled  in  Albany  in  1683,  labored  with  much  success  among  these  red  men. 
During  his  ministry,  in  1691,  the  Indians  petitioned  the  English  Governor, 
Henry  Slaughter,  that  his  excellency  "will  for  the  future  take  an  especial 
care  that  we  may  be  instructed  in  the  Christian  religion."  The  Governor 
returned  a  favorable  reply.  In  1703  the  Rev.  Mr.  Lydius,  the  successor  of 
Dellius,  labored  among  the  Mohawks,  receiving  the  countenance  of  the  Gov- 
ernor, and  having  from  him  a  special  pecuniary  provision  in  consideration 
of  the  work.  When  Lydius  died  there  were  thirty  Indian  communicants  in 
the  church  of  Albany.     (Dellius,  Lydius.) 

The  success  of  the  work  attracted  attention  in  Great  Britain,  and  in  A 
New  Geographical  and  Historical  Grammar,  edited  by  a  Mr.  Salmon,  and 
published  in  London,  in  1760,  a  famous  book  at  the  time,  it  is  said  in  regard 
to  the  Mohawks:   "At  Albany  they  are  all  brought  to  the  profession  of 
Christianity,  and  all  baptized;  and  some  of  them  seem  to  have  a  tolerable 
notion  of  it,  and  have  earnestly  desired  a  missionary  to  be  sent  among 
them;  and  to  encourage  this  good  disposition  in  them,  the  Society  (for  the 
Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts)  appointed  a  catechist  among 
them,  a  native  of  America,  who  has  resided  among  them  and  applied  him- 
self to  the  study  of  their  language,  and  met  with  very  good  success."     The 
Rev.  Mr.  Freeman  also,  the  pastor  of  the  Reformed  Church  of  Schenectady, 
about  1700,  took  great  pains  to  instruct  the  Mohawks  who  came  to  that 
city.     He  reported  to  the  society  already  mentioned  that  "he  had  translated 
into  Indian  the  morning  and  evening  prayers  of  our  liturgy,  the  whole  Gos- 
pel of  St.  Matthew,  the  first  three  chapters  of  Genesis,  several  chapters  of 
Exodus,  several  Psalms,  many  portions  of  the  Scriptures  relating  to  the 
birth,  passion,  resurrection,  and  ascension  of  our  Lord,  and  several  chap- 
ters of  the  First  Epistle  to  the  Corinthians,  particularly  the  fifteenth  chapter, 
proving  the  resurrection  of  the  dead."     He  also  translated  the  Ten  Com- 
mandments and  the  Apostles'  Creed.     These  translations  were  presented 
to  the  society,  and  some  of  them  were  printed  in  the  city  of  New  York 
about  1713.     (Freeman.) 

Through  the  West  India  Company,  also,  the  Church  of  Holland  sent 
many  ministers  to  Cape  Colony,  and  the  negroes  of  the  vicinity  were  not 
forgotten. 


234  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 


OTHER  INFLUENCES  AND  EFFORTS. 

The  English  East  India  Company  was  quite  antagonistic  to  mission  work 
until  1813,  when  the  rising  missionary  spirit  of  Great  Britain  compelled  it  to 
yield.  Something,  however,  had  already  been  accomplished  in  India,  in 
spite  of  the  company's  opposition.  The  Danish  Company  was  the  means 
of  greatly  helping  the  famous  Tranquebar  Mission  in  southeastern  Hin- 
dustan (1708-98)  and  some  other  fields  of  lesser  note.  The  rise  of  Puri- 
tanism, also,  in  England  (1550),  with  its  demands  for  a  purer  church  and 
a  more  Scriptural  polity,  and  of  Pietism,  in  Germany,  about  1670,  with  the 
influence  of  Spener,  Francke,  and  Zinzendorf  for  missions,  constitute 
bright  chapters  in  the  history  of  the  later  preparation  of  the  church  for 
her  world-wide  duty. 

The  charters  of  the  American  colonies,  also,  all  contained  clauses  con- 
cerning the  duty  of  evangelizing  the  natives.  Indeed,  the  Puritans  had 
the  extension  of  Christ's  Kingdom  definitely  in  mind  in  their  emigration. 
In  1649  a  company  was  actually  organized  in  England,  during  Cromwell's 
administration,  for  the  propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  New  England.  It 
was  this  society,  under  the  lead  of  the  liberal  Robert  Boyle,  which  sup- 
ported Eliot  and  the  Mayhews  and  many  other  missionaries  in  New  Eng- 
land; and  the  two  editions  of  Eliot's  Indian  Bible — 1664  and  1685 — were 
printed  at  the  expense  of  this  society.  Indeed,  in  1698,  Domine  Selyns  in 
New  York  sent  to  Boston  for  a  copy  of  this  Bible  as  an  evidence  of  the 
progress  in  missions.  This  first  copy,  sent  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam, 
was  captured  by  the  French.  A  second  copy  was  sent  and  is  now  in  a 
library  at  Middelburg,  Holland.2 

In  1 701  the  Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts  was 
chartered  in  England.  Until  1800  the  efforts  of  this  society  were  chiefly 
directed  to  the  support  of  Episcopal  clergymen  in  the  colonies ;  yet  some 
work  was  done  among  the  Indians.  In  the  correspondence  of  its  ministers 
frequent  mention  is  also  made  of  the  labors  of  Dutch  ministers  among  the 
Indians.8  In  1709  the  Society  for  Propagating  Christian  Knowledge  was 
formed  in  Scotland,  and  in  1741  a  Board  of  Corespondence  was  established 
in  New  York.  Under  their  care  Horton  and  the  Brainerds  labored  among 
the  Indians  on  Long  Island  and  in  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania,  and  were 
supported  by  the  churches  generally.  In  1763  the  Presbyterian  Synod  of 
New  York  ordered  collections  to  be  taken  up  in  all  churches.  Work  was 
begun  among  the  Oneidas  in  1766,  and  shortly  after  in  Ohio.  The  troubles 
then  existing  in  the  Dutch  Church  may  have  prevented  any  very  active  co- 
operation in  this  movement. 

Then  there  were  also  the  later  Moravians,  from  1732  and  onward,  with 
their  unprecedented  zeal  and  unequaled  self-denial,  with  their  remarkable 
series  of  missions  in  the  most  unpropitious  places— an  ever-living  example 
to  the  whole  church  of  Christ. 

In  the  meantime  the  rise  and  progress  of  Methodism  in  England,  1738, 
under  the  Wesleys  and  Whitefield.  was  a  great  preparation  for  the  proper 
development    of   the    true    missionary    spirit.     Thomas    Coke   became    the 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  235 

famous  leader  in  this  division  of  the  work.  Such  were  some  of  the  earlier 
Protestant  efforts,  and  such,  some  of  the  Providential  preparations  for  the 
rise  of  modern  missions. 

THE   BIRTH   OF   MODERN    MISSIONS    (1791-1800). 

But  the  last  decade  of  the  eighteenth  century  witnessed  a  miraculous 
revival  in  the  interest  of  missions.  This  period  will  ever  be  remembered 
as  one  of  the  most  remarkable  epochs  in  this  work,  for  then  arose  through- 
out Protestant  Christendom  a  general  desire  and  determination  to  organize 
definitely  for  the  conversion  of  the  whole  world.  There  was  in  that  decade 
an  evident  outpouring  of  the  Spirit  of  God  upon  all  parts  of  Christendom, 
to  begin  this  new,  great,  modern  enterprise.  As  far  back  as  1744  White- 
field  had  proposed  that  special  hours  of  prayer  should  be  observed  for  the 
pouring  out  of  the  Spirit  anew  on  the  churches  and  on  the  whole  earth. 
Also,  in  1747,  Edwards  had  published  his  pamphlet  exhorting  God's  people 
to  union  in  "extraordinary  prayer  for  the  revival  of  religion  and  the  ad- 
vancement of  Christ's  Kingdom  upon  earth."  In  1784  Carey  repeated  and 
emphasized  the  same  thoughts.  Many  prayers  were  offered,  and  in  answer 
to  them  the  spirit  of  indifference  and  deism  and  rationalism  among  pro- 
fessed Christians  began  to  melt  away.  In  the  Church  of  England,  also 
about  this  time,  rose  up  such  men  as  Thomas  Scott,  the  commentator ; 
Simeon,  the  evangelical  sermonizer;  John  Newton,  the  Venns,  Wilberforce, 
Cowper,  and  Lady  Huntington.  These  were  choice  spirits,  all  deeply  inter- 
ested in  reviving  the  church  at  home  and  in  sending  the  Gospel  to  the  ends 
of  the  earth. 

WILLIAM  CAREY  (1793-1836). 

But  the  moving  spirit,  whom  God  raised  up  for  the  formal  initiation  of 
the  great  enterprise,  was  William  Carey,  an  English  Baptist  minister,  living 
on  a  salary  of  $75  per  year.  We  cannot  repeat  the  oft-told  story  of  his 
struggles  to  interest  people  in  foreign  missions,  of  the  insignificant  begin- 
nings, and  of  the  glorious  results.  He  also  urged  united  prayer,  and 
surely  those  prayers  were  answered.  At  length,  in  the  little  back  parlor  of 
a  poor  widow,  twelve  believers  met  and  subscribed  £12  2s.  6d.,  and  upon 
such  a  basis,  although  not  without  a  good  deal  of  faith,  they  formed  "A 
Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel  Among  the  Heathen."  And  this  was 
the  definite  beginning  of  "modern  missions."  He  that  believeth  shall  not 
be  ashamed.  Carey  himself  also  offered  to  go  to  India.  The  English  East 
India  Company  would  not  take  him  on  their  ships.  After  starting  he  was 
put  ashore.  He  finally  secured  passage  on  a  Danish  East  Indiaman,  and 
sailed  in  June,  1793.  The  "Reign  of  Terror"  was  then  raging  in  France. 
He  met  with  an  unwelcome  reception  at  Calcutta.  His  friends  heard  noth- 
ing from  him  in  fourteen  months.  Then  letters  were  received  full  of  joy 
and  faith. 

THE   EFFECTS   OF   CAREY'S   ZEAL   AND   FAITH   IN   EUROPE 

(1794). 
The  Christian  heart  of  England  was  touched  at  such  faith  and  perse- 
verance.   It  was  the  call  of  God.     In  1795  began  that  series  of  never- to-be- 


236  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

forgotten  missionary  meetings  in  London.  The  Independents  called  on  all 
Christians  to  unite  for  the  conversion  of  the  world.  Two  sermons  were 
preached  on  Missions  daily  for  three  successive  days.  The  London  Mis- 
sionary Society  was  speedily  organized,  composed  of  Independents,  Presby- 
terians, and  Episcopalians.  The  country  ministers  at  once  subscribed  £750. 
The  flames  rapidly  spread  all  over  Great  Britain.  Subscriptions  came  in 
abundantly.  Societies  were  soon  formed  in  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow.  This 
then  novel  idea — mis  ions  to  the  whole  world  took  possession  of  every 
heart.  In  another  year  the  voluntary  contributions  amounted  to  £10,000. 
A  ship  was  bought,  the  "Duff,"  and  fitted  up,  and  a  company  of  four  min- 
isters and  twenty-five  others  sailed  on  Aug.  10,  1796,  for  Polynesia,  in  con- 
nection with  most  impressive  services,  in  which  clergymen  of  all  denomina- 
tions joined. 

The  following  year  was  a  year  of  prayer  throughout  Great  Britain  for 
God's  blessing  on  the  world.  All  parties  were  a  unit  in  the  one  desire  to 
save  the  perishing.  Tidings  came  of  movements  everywhere  to  raise  funds 
and  secure  men  to  go  to  the  heathen  world.  Local  organizations  sprang  up 
everywhere.  In  1799,  chiefly  through  the  efforts  of  the  Evangelical  Simeon 
of  the  Church  of  England,  but  aided  by  Venn  and  Wilberforce,  "The 
Church  Missionary  Society"  was  organized.  In  all,  within  seven  years  after 
that  meeting  in  the  widow  Wallis'  back  parlor,  there  were  seven  great 
societies  started  in  Great  Britain,  all  of  which  have  now  been  in  operation 
for  more  than  a  century,  laboring  in  all  parts  of  the  world.  Carey's  life  of 
usefulness,  after  having  published  in  his  press,  at  Calcutta,  no  less  than 
twenty-six  different  versions  of  the  Scriptures,  ended  in  1834.  Scores  of 
societies  have  sprung  up  in  Great  Britain  since,  and  many  millions  of 
pounds  have  been  voluntarily  given  toward  the  evangelization  of  the  world. 

A  similar  interest  sprung  up  about  the  same  time  in  Germany,  Holland, 
Sweden,  and  Switzerland,  the  lands  of  the  Reformation,  and  in  these  coun- 
tries many  societies  were  also  organized,  all  of  which  at  once  entered  into 
correspondence  with  the  London  society. 

THE  EFFECTS  IN  AMERICA   (1795)  ■ 

Reports  of  these  wonderful  circumstances  in  due  time  reached  America. 
Some  of  the  great  missionary  sermons  of  Fuller  and  Carey  and  others  were 
also  quickly  republished  in  America,  as  well  as  Carey's  "Enquiry  Into 
the  Obligations  of  Christians."  Edward's  "Call  to  Prayer.*'  1747,  and  his 
"Life  of  David  Brainard"  were  already  familiar.  The  American  churches 
had  hitherto  operated  only  among  the  Indians,  and  the  Revolution  had 
temporarily  broken  up  that  work. 

The  various  denominations  in  America  had  also  just  become  reorganized 
as  Churches— entirely  independent  of  European  control,  when  the  accounts 
of  Carey's  Society  and  the  London  Missionary  Society  reached  their  ears. 
They  felt  the  necessity  of  immediately  taking  part  in  this  great  scheme,  yet 
so  novel,  the  conversion  of  the  whole  world.  In  connection  with  this  the 
closing  years  of  that  century  witnessed  a  revival  of  wonderful  power  in 
America,  which  destroyed  much  of  the  evil  effects,  morally  considered,  of 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  237 

the  Revolution ;  and  missionary  societies  sprung  up  everywhere.     But  we 
must  now  limit  our  account  chiefly  to  the  Reformed   (Dutch)   Church. 

THE  REFORMED   (DUTCH)    CHURCH   AND   MISSIONS— FIRST 
PERIOD— EARLY  EFFORTS  (1796-1832). 

1.  THE  NEW  YORK  MISSIONARY   SOCIETY    (1796-1816). 

In  November,  1796,  the  New  York  Missionary  Society  was  formed  in  the 
city  of  New  York.  The  Presbyterian,  Reformed,  and  Baptist  churches  were 
represented  in  its  membership.  During  the  first  year  of  its  existence  one 
thousand  dollars  were  contributed  for  the  support  of  its  work.  The  first 
missionary,  the  Rev.  Joseph  Bullen,  was  sent  to  the  Chickasaw  Indians,  in 
Georgia;  aid  was  granted  to  the  Rev.  John  Sergeant,  a  missionary  to  the 
Stockbridge  Indians,  Connecticut;  and  an  Indian  preacher,  named  Paul 
Cuffee,  was  supported  amongst  the  Indians  of  Suffolk  County,  Long  Island. 
In  1800  the  society  added  a  missionary  to  the  Tuscaroras  and  Senecas  in 
Western  New  York,  employing  also,  by  his  request,  Nicholas  Cusick  as  a 
native  helper.  This  work  was  continued  with  considerable  success  for  a 
number  of  years. 

The  first  printed  list  of  officers  that  has  come  down  to  us,  the  one  pub- 
lished in  1799,  has  the  following  names : 

John  Rodgers,  D.D.,  President. 

John  H.  Livingston,  D.D.,  Vice-President. 

Mr.  Divie  Bethune,  Treasurer. 

Rev.  John  M.  Mason,  Secretary. 

Rev.  Samuel  Miller,  Clerk. 

William  Linn,  D.D.,  John  McKnight,  D.D.,  Rev.  Gerardus  Kuypers, 
Rev.  John  N.  Abeel,  Peter  Wilson,  LL.D.,  Thomas  Mackaness,  Esq.,  An- 
thony Post,  Esq.,  Leonard  Bleecker,  Esq.,  Mr.  George  Lindsay,  Mr.  George 
Warner,  Mr.  John  Bingham,  Mr.  John  Mills,  Directors. 

A  remarkable  feature  of  the  method  adopted  by  this  organization  is  found 
in  the  "Plan  for  social  prayer,"  adopted  Jan.  18,  1798.  By  this  plan  a  union 
prayer-meeting  was  established  by  these  resolutions : 

"1.  That  the  second  Wednesday  evening  of  every  month,  beginning  at 
candlelight,  be  observed,  from  February  next,  by  the  members  of  the 
society,  and  all  who  are  willing  to  join  with  them,  for  the  purpose  of  offer- 
ing up  their  prayers  and  supplications  to  the  God  of  grace,  that  He  would 
be  pleased  to  pour  out  His  Spirit  on  His  Church,  and  send  his  Gospel  to  all 
nations;  and  that  He  would  succeed  the  endeavors  of  this  society,  and  all 
societies  instituted  on  the  same  principles,  and  for  the  same  ends. 

"2.  That  these  evenings  of  prayer  be  observed  in  rotation,  in  the  churches 
of  this  city  to  whose  judicatories  they  may  be  acceptable,  and  of  which 
there  is  a  minister  belonging  to  this  society;  beginning  with  the  Old  Pres- 
byterian Church  and  proceeding  next  to  the  Scots  Presbyterian  Church, 
next  to  the  New  Dutch  Church,  next  to  the  First  Baptist  Church,  next  to 
the  Brick  Presbyterian  Church,  next  to  the  North  Dutch  Church,  and  then 
the  service  to  revert  to  the  place  it  began ;  provided  that,  if  the  ministers  of 


238  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

any  other  churches  become  members  of  the  society,  a  due  proportion  of  the 
services,  in  the  regular  course,  be  performed  in  said  churches." 

This  custom  had  in  it  the  germ  of  the  monthly  concert. 

In  1800  the  "New  York  Missionary  Magazine"  was  established,  and  in 
it  reports  were  given  of  the  operations  of  this  society,  with  letters  from  the 
missionaries,  as  well  as  accounts  of  the  work  of  the  London  Missionary 
Society  and  others.     It  continued  to  be  issued  for  four  years/ 

Powerful  missionary  sermons  began  to  be  preached  under  the  auspices 
of  the  New  York  Society  which  did  much  to  arouse  a  missionary  spirit  in 
the  churches.  On  Nov.  7,  1797,  Rev.  Dr.  John  M.  Mason  preached  a 
memorable  sermon  in  the  Presbyterian  Church,  in  Wall  street,  on  "Mes- 
siah's Throne,"  from  Hebrews  i,  8:  "Thy  throne,  O  God,  is  forever  and 
ever."6  The  audience  is  described  as  "crowded,  attentive,  and  serious,  and 
the  collection  made  after  the  sermon  was  large,  and  did  great  honor  to  the 
liberality  of  the  citizens  of  New  York."  On  April  23,  1799  (the  annual 
meeting  having  been  adjourned  from  November,  1798,  on  account  of  the 
ravages  of  the  yellow  fever).  Rev.  Dr.  John  H.  Livingston  preached  in  the 
Scotch  Presbyterian  Church,  in  Cedar  street,  his  famous  sermon  on  "The 
Glory  of  the  Redeemer,"  from  Col.  iii,  11 :  "Christ  is  all  in  all."  The  Rev. 
Drs.  John  Rodgers,  John  McKnight.  William  Linn,  John  N.  Abeel,  and 
many  others,  also  preached  great  missionary  sermons  during  these  years; 
but,  perhaps,  the  most  powerful  of  all  was  one  by  Dr.  Livingston,  in  1804, 
on  "The  Everlasting  Gospel."  This  was  also  delivered  in  the  Cedar  street 
church,  and  was  from  the  text  Rev.  xiv,  6-7 :  "And  I  saw  another  angel  fly 
in  the  midst  of  heaven,  having  The  Everlasting  Gospel  to  preach  unto 
them  that  dwell  upon  the  earth,"  etc.  These  sermons  were  generally  re- 
peated in  other  places  and  printed  and  extensively  read.  They  were  like 
a  clarion  call  from  heaven  in  their  efforts,  and  wondrously  stimulated  the 
missionary  spirit. 

THE  NORTHERN  MISSIONARY   SOCIETY    (1797-1830). 

The  Northern  Missionary  Society  was  formed  during  a  meeting  which 
began  at  Lansingburgh,  N.  Y.,  on  the  nth  of  January,  1797,  when  a  con- 
stitution was  provisionally  adopted,  and  adjourned  to  meet  at  Albany, 
N.  Y.,  on  Feb.  14,  1797,  when  the  constitution  was  amended,  altered,  and 
finally  adopted.  This  society  included  ministers  and 'members  of  the  Re- 
formed, Presbyterian,  and  Baptist  churches.  The  officers  for  the  first  year, 
most  of  whom  were  continued  for  several  years,  were  as  follows. 

Rev.  Dirck  Romeyn,  D.D.,  President. 

Rev.  James  Proudfit,  Vice-President. 

Rev.  John  Bassett,  Secretary. 

Rev.  Jonas  Coe,  Clerk. 

Rev.  Elbert  Willet,  Treasurer. 

Revs.  Dr.  John  B.  Smith,  John  Close,  Samuel  Smith,  Isaac  Labagh,  John 
B.  Johnson,  David  S.  Bogart,  William  McCauley,  Daniel  Marsh,  James 
Mairs,  John  Dunlap,  Anthony  T.  Braun,  Robert  F.  Smith,  Alexander 
Proudfit,  Jacob  Sickles,  General  James  Gordon,  Hunloche  Woodruff,  M.D., 
Messrs.  Ebenezer  Clark,  Abraham  Eights,   Isaac  Hutton,  Jacob  Vander- 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  239 

heyden,  Abraham  Hunn,  General  Abraham  Outhout,  Messrs.  Elijah  Janes, 
Cornelius  P.  Wyckoff,  Directors. 

This  association  was  similar  to  that  organized  in  New  York  City.  It  con- 
tinued to  exist  till  about  1830.  It  sent  missionaries  to  the  Indians  of  Cen- 
tral and  Western  New  York.  Many  were  instructed  in  the  truth,  and  led 
to  repentance  toward  God,  and  faith  in  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ. 

At  about  the  year  1800  missionary  societies  were  formed  in  Connecticut, 
New  Jersey,  Massachusetts,  and  New  Hampshire.  All  instructed  the 
Indians  in  the  Word  of  God;  all  also  kept  in  view  the  work  of  evangeliz- 
ing pagan  nations.  The  magazines  published  by  these  organizations  re- 
ported the  work  of  the  Moravians,  of  the  London  Missionary  Society,  then 
engaged  on  the  South  Sea  Islands,  and  of  the  attempts  made  to  introduce 
the  Gospel  among  the  people  of  Africa  and  India.  By  this  intelligence,  by 
the  sermons  preached,  the  appeals  made,  a  missionary  spirit  was  awakened 
in  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  which  at  last  culminated  in  the  formation 
of  the  American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions,  in  1810. 
In  181 1  the  Berean  Society  was  organized  in  the  New  Brunswick  Seminary 
for  practical  improvement  in  piety  and  to  gain  missionary  intelligence.  In 
1820  it  was  changed  into  the  Society  of  Inquiry  concerning  mission  fields, 
and  is  still  in  existence.  The  American  Board  suggested,  in  181 1,  to  the 
General  Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  the  formation  in  New  York 
of  a  body  similar  to  the  American  Board,  to  co-operate  with  it ;  but  owing 
to  the  extensive  engagements  of  that  church  it  did  not  seem  feasible. 

2.  THE  UNITED  MISSIONARY  SOCIETY  (1816-1826). 
In  1816  an  invitation  was  received  from  the  General  Assembly  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  by  the  General  Synod  "to  appoint  commissioners  to 
meet  commissioners  of  the  General  Assembly,  for  the  purpose  of  arranging 
a  plan  for  the  formation  of  a  Society  for  Foreign  Missions."  Seven  com- 
missioners were  appointed,  five  ministers  and  two  elders.  The  result  of 
their  deliberations  was  the  formation  of  the  United  Missionary  Society, 
"composed  of  the  Presbyterian,  Dutch  Reformed  and  Associate  Reformed 
Churches,  and  all  others  who  may  choose  to  join  with  them."  The  con- 
stitution of  the  new  society  was  submitted  to  the  General  Synod  in  1817.8 
The  object  stated  therein  was  "To  spread  the  Gospel  among  the  Indians7  of 
North  America,  the  inhabitants  of  Mexico  and  South  America,  and  in  other 
portions  of  the  heathen  and  anti-Christian  world."  Missionaries  were  to 
be  "elected  from  the  three  churches  indiscriminately,"  and  an  annual  report 
to  be  made  to  the  highest  judicatory  of  the  three  denominations  for  their 
information.  The  constitution  was  approved  by  Synod,  and  it  was  "rec- 
comended  to  all  ministers  and  churches  to  give  the  measure  their  active 
support."  A  committee  was  also  appointed,  consisting  of  Dr.  Philip  Mille- 
doler  and  Elder  Stephen  van  Rensselaer,  to  meet  with  other  committees 
for  the  purpose  of  carrying  the  plan  into  execution.  Thus  was  the  Re- 
formed Dutch  Church,  for  the  first  time  in  this  country,  formally  com- 
mitted to  the  work  of  executing  the  high  commission  of  her  Lord  and  Head. 
The  missions  and  property  of  the  New  York  Missionary  Society  were 
transferred  to  the  United  Missionary  Society  in  1821. 


240  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

In  1818  the  above  recommendation  was  earnestly  renewed,  and  it  was  also 
resolved  that,  "at  some  convenient  time  during  the  session  of  every  Synod, 
a  missionary  sermon  be  preached  before  Synod  and  a  collection  be  taken 
for  missionary  purposes."  This  excellent  provision  continued  in  force  until 
i860,  though  the  "collection"  seems  to  have  lapsed  at  an  earlier  period,  and 
many  of  the  most  eminent  names  in  the  ministry  of  the  Church  are  found 
in  the  list  of  preachers. 

It  was  during  the  existence  of  this  society,  although  not  under  its  care, 
that  John  Scudder,  M.D.,  went  to  India  (1819).  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Dutch  church  in  Franklin  street,  New  York.  While  in  professional  attend- 
ance on  a  lady,  he  read,  in  an  anteroom,  the  tract,  "The  Conversion  of  the 
World;  or,  The  Claims  of  Six  Hundred  Millions."  He  was  so  deeply 
affected  thereby  that  he  soon  consecrated  himself  to  mission  work.  He 
went  to  India  as  a  physician  under  the  American  Board ;  but  on  May  15, 

1821,  he  was  ordained  by  a  company  of  ministers  in  Ceylon,  composed  of 
Baptists,    Methodists    and    Congregationalists.     (See   Missionary    Herald, 

1822,  p.  171.)     (Scudder,  John.) 

3.  UNION  WITH  THE  AMERICAN  BOARD  (1826-1832). 

The  United  Missionary  Society  operated  chiefly,  if  not  altogether,  among 
the  American  Indians.  But  in  a  few  years  pecuniary  embarrassments  in- 
creased and  propositions  were  made  that  it  should  be  united  with  the 
American  Board.  The  matter  was  earnestly  discussed  in  the  General 
Synod  and  many  ministers  opposed  it.  In  1826  two  definite  acts  were  pro- 
posed : 

1.  Consenting  to  the  amalgamation  of  the  United  Missionary  Society  with 
the  American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions.  This  was 
accomplished  and  the  United  Society  ceased  to  exist. 

2.  Recommending  to  the  Missionary  Board  of  the  Church,  established  in 
1822,  and  which  had  been  hitherto  wholly  domestic  in  its  operations,  "to 
consider  the  propriety  of  taking  measures  to  begin  missionary  operations 
among  the  aborigines  of  our  own  country  and  elsewhere.''9  Gentle  as  was 
this  latter  recommendation,  and  sanctioned  by  the  course  of  other  churches, 
it  seems  to  have  frightened  some  in  the  church  who  afterward  became 
leaders  in  the  cause  of  Foreign  Missions. 

The  committee  of  1827  reported :  "Your  committee  is  not  aware  what 
considerations  led  the  last  Synod  to  recommend  a  Foreign  Mission  by  our 
church  in  her  individual  capacity.  Yet  as  it  has  been  recommended,  as  the 
board  has  made  progress  in  preparatory  steps,  and  it  has  gone  before  the 
churches,  they  feel  themselves  to  be  so  delicately  situated  as  to  be  unable  to 
suggest  any  measures  in  relation  to  it,  though  as  a  committee  they  con- 
sider it  matter  of  very  doubtful  expediency." 

It  is  not  difficult,  now,  to  perceive  what  the  reasons  were  which  moved 
some  in  the  church  to  propose  action  of  such  "doubtful  expediency."  The 
earlier  missions  of  the  American  Board  had  been  successfully  established; 
through  the  baptism  by  immersion  of  Judson  and  Rice  the  great  Baptist 
denomination  had  become  interested  in  Foreign  Missions  and  the  Baptist 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA.  2\\ 

Missionary  Union  organized;  the  life  and  death  of  Harriet  Newell,  the 
character,  remarkable  career  and  heroic  sufferings  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Judson 
— these  and  many  other  influences  had  awakened  a  widespread  interest  in 
the  subject  throughout  all  the  churches.  Added  to  this  the  letters  and  ad- 
dresses of  Dr.  John  Scudder,  from  Ceylon,  may  easily  be  supposed  to  have 
quickened  the  faith  and  zeal  of  many  in  the  church  to  which  he  belonged, 
and  to  have  suggested  the  idea  of  a  distinct  call  to  and  responsibility  for 
such  work  which  could  only  be  met  by  effort  "in  her  individual  capacity." 
The  spirit  that  would  finally  lead  to  such  effort  was  present  and  growing. 
It  was  during  this  period  that  the  Rev.  David  Abeel  was  sent  in  1829  by 
the  Seamen's  Friend  Society  to  Canton  as  a  chaplain.  Mrs.  Thomas  C. 
Doremus  was  present  at  his  departure  from  Boston,  and  this  was,  perhaps, 
the  public  beginning  of  her  untiring  zeal  for  almost  half  a  century  in  the 
missionary  cause.  It  was  thought  that  by  such  an  appointment  Mr.  Abeel 
would  be  enabled  to  learn  the  language,  become  acquainted  with  the  cus- 
toms of  China,  and  perhaps  to  preach  the  Gospel  to  the  people.  In  the 
course  of  the  year  Mr.  Abeel  became  a  missionary  of  the  American  Board 
in  Java.  He  traveled  much  in  the  Indian  Archipelago  and  elsewhere, 
seeking  hopeful  fields  of  labor.  His  character  and  work  increased  the 
interest  already  existing.  He  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  American 
missions  in  China.  Few  men  accomplished  more  in  conciliating  the 
Chinese,  in  informing  the  Christians  of  England  and  America  respecting 
that  great  nation  and  in  awakening  an  interest  in  their  condition.  (Abeel, 
David.) 

SECOND     PERIOD— CO-OPERATION    WITH    THE    AMERICAN 
BOARD  (1832-1857). 

In  1831  the  Committee  on  Missions  reported  to  the  General  Synod :  "We 
believe  the  time  is  not  far  distant  when  it  (a  Foreign  Mission)  may  be 
undertaken  with  good  prospect  of  success.  But  the  committee  is  of  the 
opinion  that  the  time  has  not  yet  arrived."9  It  was  probably  nearer  than 
this  committee  was  ready  to  believe.  For  there  were  not  a  few  in  the 
Reformed  Church  who  were  not  altogether  pleased  that  the  contributions  of 
the  Dutch  churches  were  used  only  for  the  organization  and  support  of 
Congregational  churches  in  heathen  lands,  and  that  no  provision  was  made 
for  the  establishment  of  churches  of  their  own  order.  This  dissatisfaction 
increased  until  1832,  when  a  plan  was  adopted  by  the  board  and  the  church, 
under  which  the  church,  while  retaining  the  advantages  of  a  connection 
with  the  American  Board,  was  allowed  to  conduct  missions  according  to  its 
own  ecclesiastical  polity. 

The  minutes  of  the  Particular  Synod  of  New  York  for  1832  contained 
"a  recommendation  of  the  subject  of  Foreign  Missions  to  the  immediate 
and  prayerful  consideration  of  the  General  Synod."  A  similar  recommen- 
dation was  found  in  the  minutes  of  the  Particular  Synod  of  Albany.  As 
these  were  the  only  Synods  at  that  time,  it  was  manifest  that  the  entire 
church  was,  to  a  greater  Or  less  extent,  awakened  to  the  importance  of  this 
subject.     The  considerations  presented  were  the  following: 


242  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA. 

1.  That  it  is  the  Lord's  design  that  the  Gospel  should  be  preached  to 
every  creature. 

2.  That  there  are  in  the  Scriptures  a  variety  of  passages  which  guarantee 
its  success. 

3.  That  the  Great  Commission  has  as  yet  been  very  imperfectly  executed. 

4.  That  the  signs  of  the  times  indicate  that  its  accomplishment  is  near 
at  hand. 

5.  That  it  is  to  be  accomplished  by  human  instrumentality,  blessed  of  God 
for  the  purpose. 

6.  That  it  is  the  duty  of  every  denomination,  church,  and  Christian  to  aid 
in  the  great  work  by  any  means  in  their  power. 

7.  That  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  has  never  entered  into  the  work 
with  a  spirit  proportioned  to  its  means  or  its  duty. 

8.  That  a  more  favorable  opportunity  now  exists  than  has,  perhaps,  ever 
before  occurred,  to  enter  upon  it,  inasmuch  as  one  of  her  own  sons  (Abeel) 
has  devoted  himself  to  it,  is  now  engaged  in  exploring  hopeful  fields  of 
labor,  will  probably  soon  return  to  this  country  and  might  for  a  season  be 
happily  employed  in  rousing  the  attention  and  energies  of  the  church  and 
enlisting  the  hearts  of  our  pious  young  men  in  the  work.'0    .     .     . 

The  question  of  duty  was  then  considered  in  this  report  and  next,  the 
method  of  operation — independently  or  in  union  with  others.  The  latter 
plan  was  decided  on.  They  needed  the  experience  of  an  older  board.  It 
was  believed  that  the  American  Board  would  allow  the  Dutch  Church  the 
choice  of  its  missionaries,  stations  "and  the  direction,  with  respect  to  the 
organization  and  order  of  the  churches  which  might  be  formed,  thus  giving 
us  the  full  advantage  of  all  cur  means  for  planting  churches  in  foreign 
lands.*' 

To  the  recommendations  above  referred  to  the  General  Synod  wisely 
listened.  A  committee  was  appointed  at  its  session  in  June  for  the  pur- 
pose of  conferring  with  the  American  Board,  and  in  the  hope  that  such  a 
connection  might  be  formed  with  it  "as  would  enable  us  to  maintain  a  For- 
eign Mission  of  our  own  and  at  the  same  time  avail  ourselves  of  all  their 
experience."  The  proposition  was  cordially  received  by  that  body  and  at 
the  October  session  of  the  Synod  the  committee  was  able  to  report  a  plan 
of  co-operation  with  it.  The  plan  was  approved  and  adopted  by  the 
Synod.11  A  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church, 
consisting  of  fifteen  members,  was  appointed,  and  the  whole  subject  was 
"affectionately  recommended  to  the  churches  and  ministers  under  the  care 
of  the  Synod  and  their  prayers  and  exertions  for  the  promotion  and  suc- 
cess of  Foreign  Missions  earnestly  solicited." 

As  organized  in  1832,  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  consisted  of  fifteen 
members,  nine  ministers  and  six  laymen.  They  were  among  the  most 
honored  representatives  of  the  church — Drs.  Knox,  McMurray,  De  Witt, 
Ludlow,  Matthews,  Ferris ;  Revs.  Strong,  Gosman  and  Dubois ;  Messrs. 
Peter  D.  Vroom,  Isaac  Young,  Wm.  R.  Thompson,  J.  V.  B.  Varick,  John 
D.  Keese  and  Jeremiah  Johnson. 

Under  the  agreement  with  the  American  Board,  the  contributions  of  our 
churches  were  allowed  "to  flow  into  our  own  treasury,  to  be  appropriated 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  243 

through  the  medium  of  the  American  Board  to  missionaries  from  our  own 
church,  or  to  such  missionaries  and  such  objects  as  may  be  specially  selected 
and  approved."  Missionaries  approved  by  our  Board  were  to  be  recom- 
mended to  and  accepted  by  the  Prudential  Committee,  and  the  conduct  of 
the  Missions  was  to  be  left  in  the  hands  of  that  Committee.  Thus  the  new 
Board  was  to  have  all  the  advantage  of  the  experience  and  facilities  of  the 
older. 

The  American  Board,  as  has  been  seen,  already  numbered  among  its 
missionaries  two  honored  sons  of  the  Dutch  Church — the  Rev.  John  Scud- 
der,  M.D.,  of  Pandeteripo,  Ceylon,  and  Rev.  David  Abeel.  In  this  same 
year  Dr.  Scudder  had  issued  his  earnest  appeal  to  physicians  in  reference 
to  mission  work.  One  of  the  first  steps  taken  by  the  new  Board,  after  its 
organization,  was  formally  to  take,  in  April,  1833,  these  two  brethren 
"under  its  patronage."12  A  letter  addressed  to  the  ministers  of  the  Re- 
formed Dutch  'Church,  calling  their  attention  to  "the  state  of  the  heathen 
in  these  parts,"  was  shortly  after  received  from  Dr.  Scudder  and  published 
by  order  of  the  Board.  By  its  direction,  also,  Dr.  Livingston's  great 
sermon,  preached  in  1804  and  entitled  "The  Everlasting  Gospel,"  was  re- 
published and  widely  circulated.13  Dr.  Abeel  was  invited  to  return  to  this 
country  and  present  the  cause  of  Missions  among  the  churches.  The  inter- 
est thus  fostered  grew  apace  and  the  Board  soon  felt  warranted  in  attempt- 
ing to  establish  a  new  Mission,  to  be  manned  entirely  by  the  church  and 
supported  by  it.     The  receipts  reported  in  1833  were  $2,106. 

THE  BORNEO  MISSION  (1836-1849). 
The  Rev.  David  Abeel  suggested  that  if  a  conference  were  had  with  the 
Netherlands  Missionary  Society,  the  Reformed  Church  might  be  able  to 
secure  special  facilities  for  conducting  a  mission  within  some  of  the  colonial 
possessions  of  the  Dutch  Government  in  the  East  Indies.  In  1834  his 
"Residence  in  China,"  a.  i2mo  volume  of  398  pages  was  published.  The 
same  year  he  received  authority  to  visit  Holland.  After  interviews  with 
men  of  influence  and  authority  there,  he  recommended  to  the  church  here 
to  proceed  to  establish  a  mission  somewhere  within  Netherlands  India. 
He  also  visited  England  on  his  way  home,  and  while  there,  formed  "The 
Society  for  Promoting  Female  Education  in  the  East."  In  the  following 
year  Dr.  Abeel  visited  many  of  our  churches  and  awakened  a  great  interest 
in  the  proposed  work.  Four  young  men  consecrated  themselves  to  the 
service  of  the  church  in  this  new  and  difficult  undertaking.  They  were 
Elihu  Doty,  Elbert  Nevius,  William  Youngblood,  of  the  class  which  gradu- 
ated that  year  (1836)  from  the  Theological  Seminary,  and  Jacob  Ennis, 
of  the  class  of  1835.  By  the  action  of  these  brethren  and  their  addresses 
a  more  earnest,  resolute  and  general  missionary  spirit  was  aroused  in  the 
churches  than  had  ever  before  existed.  The  Classis  of  Poughkeepsie,  the 
Missionary  Society  of  the  Broome  Street  Church  of  New  York  and  the 
First  Church  of  Philadelphia,  of  which  Dr.  Bethune  was  pastor,  all  offered 
to  support  missionaries  of  their  own,  the  last  named  choosing  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Nevius.  Miss  Azubah  C.  Condict.  the  sister  of  Mrs.  Nevius,  offered  her- 
self as  an  assistant  missionary  and  was  commissioned.     She  was,  perhaps, 


244  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN     AMERICA. 

the  first  unmarried  lady  to  engage  in  foreign  mission  work.  Borneo  was 
selected  as  the  field  to  be  occupied.  These  young  men  were  ordained 
together  on  May  30,  1836,  in  the  Middle  Dutch  Church  (Lafayette  Place) 
and  the  company  sailed  during  the  sessions  of  the  General  Synod,  com- 
mended to  God  by  the  prayers  of  that  body,  while  the  whole  church  was 
moved  by  the  event. 

In  1838  Abeel  published  his  "Claims  of  the  World  to  the  Gospel,  and  in 
the  same  year  Revs.  William  J.  Pohlman  and  Frederick  B.' Thompson  were 
accepted  as  members  of  this  mission  and  sailed  for  the  East  Indies. 

In  1840  a  further  re-enforcement  was  sent,  consisting  of  the  Revs.  W.  T. 
Van  Doren  and  Isaac  P.  Stryker.  All  the  ministers  appointed  to  the  mission 
thus  far  were  married  except  Mr.  Stryker. 

In  1842  the  Rev.  Win.  H.  Steele,  unmarried,  sailed  for  Batavia  to  join 
the  Borneo  Mission. 

The  mission  occupied  two  stations  on  the  Island  of  Borneo,  namely, 
Sambas  and  Pontianak.  Some  of  the  missionaries  devoted  themselves 
chiefly  to  the  Chinese  colonists ;  the  others  labored  amongst  the  Dyaks. 
On  every  Sabbath  there  was  preaching  in  three  languages,  Dyak,  Malay 
and  English,  at  the  mission  church,  and  religious  instruction  was  given 
almost  daily  during  the  week.  A  school  for  Malay  children  was  conducted 
by  Mr.  Youngblood ;  another,  for  the  Chinese,  by  Mr.  Pohlman.  Nowhere 
wire  the  missionaries  assailed  by  ridicule  or  persecution;  the  mission  in- 
volved a  very  small  expenditure  of  money,  the  laborers  entreated  long  for 
an  addition  to  their  force,  but  Borneo  was  abandoned.  The  health  of  Mrs. 
Nevius  compelled  her  husband  to  return  with  her.  Mr.  Stryker  died  in 
1842.  Messrs.  Pohlman  and  Doty  left  for  China  in  1844.  In  1847  Thom- 
son died  in  Switzerland;  Mr.  Youngblood's  health  failed,  and,  in  1849,  he 
was  compelled  to  return  to  the  United  States;  and  Mr.  Steele  was  sum- 
moned home  to  recruit  his  health  and,  if  possible,  obtain  a  re-enforcement. 
He  made  his  appeal  to  the  Theological  Seminary  and  to  the  churches.  No 
one  offered  to  go  to  Borneo  and  the  mission  was  abandoned. 

It  should  be  mentioned  that  the  government  of  the  Netherlands  com- 
pelled our  missionaries  to  reside  a  year  at  Batavia  before  allowing  them  to 
proceed  to  Borneo.  Mr.  Steele  only  obtained  a  partial  release  from  this 
restriction.  His  residence  in  Batavia  was  not  prolonged  beyond  eight 
months.  The  fact  that  the  Island  of  Borneo  was  ruled  by  the  Kingdom  of 
the  Netherlands  was  productive  of  no  benefit,  yielded  no  facilities  for  the 
work  to  the  mission  at  any  time.  There  were  in  all  eighteen  persons  sent 
to  this  field.     See  "Appeal  for  the  Borneo  Mission." 

MISSIONARIES  TO  BORNEO  AND  THE  EAST. 

Appointed.  Retired. 

Rev.  David  Abeel 1829  1842* 

Rev.  Elihu  Doty 1836  1844* 

Mrs.  Elihu  Doty 1836  1844* 

Rev.  Elbert  Nevius 1836  1843 

Mrs.  Elbert  Nevius 1836  1843 

Rev.  William  Youngblood 1836  1849 


THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  245 

Mrs.  William  Youngblood 1836  1849 

Miss  Azubah  C.  Condict 1836  1839 

Rev.  Jacob  Ennis 1836  1840 

Mrs.  (Haines)  Ennis 1836  1840 

Rev.  William  J.  Pohlman 1838  1844* 

Mrs.  Theodosia  R.   (Scudder)   Pohlman 1838  1844* 

Rev.  Frederic  B.  Thomson 1838  1847! 

Mrs.  (Wyckoff)  Thomson 1838  1839! 

Mrs.  Emma  Cecilia  (Combe)   Thomson 1840  18441' 

Rev.  Wm.  Theodore  Van  Doren 1840  1842 

Mrs.  Wm.  T.  Van  Doren 1840  1842 

Rev.  Isaac  P.  Stryker 1840  1842! 

Rev.  William  H.   Steele 1842  1849 

*  Went  to  China. 

SYRIA. 

In  1839  C.  V.  A.  Van  Dyck,  M.D.,  appointed  by  the  American  Board 
as  the  missionary  physician  of  the  Syria  mission,  left  the  Reformed  church 
of  Kinderhook,  N.  Y.,  for  his  field  of  labor.  God  granted  him  the  very  great 
honor  of  completing  the  Arabic  version  of  the  Word  of  God  that  had  been 
begun  and  carried  forward  for  some  years  by  Rev.  Eli  Smith,  D.D.  By 
a  council  composed  of  missionaries,  which  held  only  that  meeting,  Dr.  Van 
Dyck  was  ordained  to  the  Gospel  ministry.  From  the  trustees  of  Rutgers 
College  he  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity,  never  more  worthily 
bestowed.     (Van  Dyck,  C.  V.  A.) 

SOUTH  AFRICA. 
So  early  as  in  1858  an  application  was  received  from  the  Rev.  Andrew 
Murray,  of  South  Africa,  to  furnish  the  mission  (of  the  Netherlands)  there 
with  missionaries  from  the  Dutch  Church  in  this  country,  to  aid  them  in 
their  work.  Two  years  later  the  Rev.  Daniel  Lindley,  a  missionary  of  the 
A.  B.  C.  F.  M.  to  the  Zulus  of  Southeastern  Africa,  presented  in  person  a 
similar  request,  with  "interesting  statements  touching  the  condition  and 
needs  of  the  Dutch  churches  in  that  region"  (Natal).  In  neither  case  was 
the  Board  able  to  give  a  favorable  response.     (Lindley,  D.) 

THIRD  PERIOD:  SEPARATION  FROM  THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 
INDEPENDENT  ACTION  (1857). 

The  arrangement  entered  into  with  the  American  Board  continued  in 
operation  with  uninterrupted  harmony  and  mutual  satisfaction  to  the  two 
Boards  until  1857.  The  interest  and  contributions  of  the  Reformed  Dutch 
Churches  were  concentrated  on  the  missions  in  India  and  China.  The 
missionaries  were  all  from  their  membership  and  naturally  looked  to  the 
Dutch  Church  for  their  support  and  that  of  their  work.  Other  churches,  of 
other  denominations,  also  co-operated  with  the  American  Board.  The 
fond  dream  of  many — of  one  national,  undenominational  agency  for  the 
prosecution  of  Foreign  Missions — was  still  cherished.  There  seemed  noth- 
ing in  the  constitution,  or  in  the  conduct,  of  the  American  Board  to  prevent 
the  indefinite  continuance  and  enlargement  of  such  co-operation. 


24$  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

It  was  a  fact,  however,  that  union  with  so  large  a  body  of  Christians  and 
Churches  contributing  to  the  American  Board,  seemed  in  a  measure  to  re- 
lieve the  co-operating  denomination  of  a  sense  of  responsibility,  since  its 
deficiencies  could  be  and  sometimes  were  made  up  from  other  sources, 
though  on  the  whole  our  churches  contributed  much  more  than  the  amounts 
expended  on  those  missions.  There  were  many,  therefore,  and  in  increas- 
ing numbers,  who  were  convinced  that  greater  things  would  be  done  and 
the  entire  Church  roused  to  a  deeper  sense  of  responsibility,  if  its  missionary 
work  should  be  conducted  independently  by  a  Board  of  its  own.  They 
therefore  desired  the  termination  of  the  relations  with  the  American  Board 
which  had  existed  harmoniously  for  twenty-five  years  and  the  institution 
of  a  distinct  organization. 

For  such  independent  action  the  time  was  ripe  and  the  pressure  at  length 
became  too  strong  to  be  resisted.  In  1856  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions, 
thoroughly  convinced  of  the  wisdom  and  desirability  of  such  a  step,  unani- 
mously recommended  "that  the  General  Synod  conduct  their  Foreign  Mis- 
sions in  an  independent  manner."  An  exceedingly  able  report  from  the  pen 
of  Dr.  Isaac  Ferris,  its  President,  presented  with  great  force  the  reason? 
for  such  a  proposition.  But  the  Synod  was  not  then  ready  to  take  action 
and  the  whole  subject  was  referred  to  the  next  General  Synod. 

This  step  was  taken  in  1857.14  The  General  Synod  of  that  year  met  at 
Ithaca  and  received  from  the  hand  of  the  late  Dr.  Chambers,  as  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Missions,  a  convincing  and  masterly  report  in 
advocacy  of  such  separation  and  elaborating  the  reasons  for  it  adduced 
by  Dr.  Ferris.  The  discussions  were  earnest,  elevated  and  of  a  highly 
spiritual  tone.  The  Holy  Spirit's  presence  was  distinctly  manifested  and 
under  His  guidance  this  course  was  resolved  upon,  though  not  without  dis- 
sent from  those  who  thought  the  time  had  not  yet  come,  or  clung  with 
affection  to  the  Board  with  which,  and  its  work,  they  had  been  so  long 
and  happily  associated.  A  committee  was  appointed  to  negotiate  for  a 
separation.  A  satisfactory  agreement  was  arrived  at  and  the  two  Boards 
parted  company  with  mutual  expressions  of  regard,  gratitude  for  the  past 
and  hope  for  the  future.  In  the  same  year  the  American  Board  trans- 
ferred to  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church 
the  Amoy  and  Arcot  Missions  with  the  missionaries  comprising  them.  The 
real  estate  and  other  property  were  transferred  by  deed  Aug.  25,  1858. 
(See  Minutes  of  General  Synod,  1850.  p.  378;  1862,  p.  120.)  The  history 
of  the  Board  and  its  missions  in  succeeding  years  shows  how  amply,  in  the 
providence  of  God,  the  hopes  of  that  day  have  been  realized  and  the  wisdom 
vindicated. 

A  simple  comparison  may  here  be  introduced  to  show  how  the  church 
and  its  benevolence  toward  Foreign  Missions  had  increased  during  the 
twenty-five  years  of  co-operative  action.  In  1832,  when  the  first  organi- 
zation was  accomplished,  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  reported  15,800 
families  and  20,222  communicants.  From  December,  1832,  to  May,  1833, 
these  gave  for  Foreign  Missions  $2,106.12  1-2.  In  1857  the  number  of 
families  was  32,579  and  of  communicants  44443-     The  contributions  for 


THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  247 

Foreign  Missions  for  the  year  were  $12,303.99  and  for  the  whole  period, 
$245,469.  Seventeen  missionaries,  fifteen  wives  and  one  unmarried  woman, 
thirty-three  in  all,  had  been  sent  to  Borneo,  China  and  India. 

The  Board  was  reorganized  (1857)15  by  the  addition  of  nine  members, 
making  twenty-four  in  all,  and  was  incorporated  by  the  Legislature  of  New 
York  in  i860.  The  Hon.  Theodore  Frelinghuysen  was  elected  President, 
Dr.  Isaac  Ferris,  Corresponding  Secretary,  and  Mr.  Ezra  A.  Hayt,  Treas- 
urer. The  entire  support  of  the  Amoy  and  Arcot  Missions  was  at  once 
assumed  and  it  was  unanimously  ageed,  informally,  in  February,  1858,  "that 
the  committee  feel  themselves  bound  to  take  the  responsibility  to  send  any 
qualified  young  men  who  might  offer  themselves  for  this  work." 

In  no  particular  has  the  growth  been  greater  or  more  marked  than  in 
that  of  work  for  women  in  our  mission  fields.  And  any  sketch,  however 
slight,  of  the  Board's  history,  would  be  fatally  defective  that  did  not  make 
mention  of  the  Woman's  Board  of  Foreign  Missions.  Dr.  Abeel,  returning 
from  China  in  1834,  visited  London  and  so  interested  Christian  women  there 
in  the  condition  of  women  in  the  Far  East  that  the  Society  for  Promoting 
Female  Education  in  the  East  was  organized  the  following  year.  In  1861 
the  Woman's  Union  Missionary  Society  of  America  for  Heathen  Lands  was 
organized  in  New  York,  chiefly  through  the  efforts  and  zeal  of  Mrs. 
Thomas  C.  Doremus,  a  member  of  the  Reformed  Church,  who  became  its 
first  President.16  In  June,  1871,  the  Board  directed  its  Corresponding  Sec- 
retary "to  prepare  a  Constitution  for  Woman's  Societies  Auxiliary  to  this 
Board." 

WOMAN'S  BOARD  OF  FOREIGN  MISSIONS. 

It  was  not  till  January,  1875,  however,  that  the  Woman's  Board  of  For- 
eign Missions  of  our  church  was  organized.  In  tha£  month  a  few  earnest 
souls  met  in  New  York,  in  the  midst  of  storm  and  rain,  and  established 
this  Board  which  has  been  the  invaluable  and  indispensable  helper  of 
Synod's  Board.  Its  efforts  were  immediately  directed  to  the  formation  of 
Auxiliaries  and  Mission  Bands  in  the  several  churches,  and  as  the  result 
of  continuous  labor,  it  has  now  about  six  hundred  such  auxiliaries.  In 
1880,  when  the  Board  was  hard  pressed  financially,  it.  assumed  the  support 
of  all  the  work  for  women  and  girls  in  all  our  mission  fields.  That  respon- 
sibility it  still  cheerfully  assumes,  though  the  cost  has  increased  from 
about  $5,500  to  more  than  $30,000  per  year.  Its  special  contributions,  also, 
for  the  erection  of  schools,  chapels,  dwellings,  etc.,  have  been  many  and 
generous,  amounting  to  many  thousands  of  dollars.  The  total  of  its  re- 
ceipts, from  the  beginning,  is  about  $560,000.  In  1899  it  received  from 
Mr.  Robert  Schell,  of  New  York,  a  donation  of  $10,000  for  the  building 
and  equipment  of  the  Mary  Taber  Schell  Hospital  for  women,  at  Vellore, 
India.  In  January,  1900,  its  twenty-fifth  anniversary  was  celebrated  with 
appropriate  religious  services  and  a  Birthday  Reception.  Its  total  con- 
tributions (1900-1901)  were  $34,086.11. 

OTHER  OPPORTUNITIES. 
Much  interest  was  awakened  at  a  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee 
in  August,  1870,  by  the  presence  of  two  Mexicans  with  an  interpreter.     In- 


248  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

teresting  statements  were  made  by  them  concerning  a  work  in  progress  for 
six  years  in  the  City  of  Mexico  and  its  vicinity.  More  than  forty  congre- 
gations had  been  gathered,  averaging  forty  souls.  They  had  separated 
from  the  Roman  Church  and  conducted  their  worship  after  the  pattern  of 
the  Fulton  Street  Prayer  Meeting.  They  sought  to  be  taken  under  the 
care  of  the  Board.  The  question  of  thus  beginning  a  new  mission  in 
Mexico  was  held  under  advisement  for  several  months,  but  the  Board  being 
heavily  in  debt,  with  no  prospect  of  relief,  the  proposition  was  ultimately 
declined. 

In  1870,  in  common  with  other  similar  societies,  the  Board  accepted  the 
invitation  of  the  general  government  to  nominate  agents  among  the  Indian 
tribes  of  the  West,  in  pursuance  of  what  was  styled  "General  Grant's 
Quaker  policy."  The  Government  agreed  to  appoint  and  pay  the  agents 
so  nominated,  the  Boards  "to  advise  the  agent,  superintend  his  work  as 
far  as  possible  and  to  send  out  and  maintain  Christian  school  teachers  and 
missionaries."  The  Pima  and  Maricopa  Agency,  having  5,000  Indians,  and 
the  Colorado  River  Agency,  having  some  23,000  altogether,  were  offered  to 
and  accepted  by  the  Board.  The  plan  worked  with  measurable  but  dimin- 
ishing satisfaction  for  some  years.  Difficulties  arose  which  were  found 
to  be  insuperable,  and,  in  October,  1880,  the  Board  formally  withdrew 
"from   all   co-operation   with   the   Government."     (Domestic   Missions.) 

In  1884  the  recent  opening  of  Korea  was  drawing  to  the  "Hermit  King- 
dom" the  eyes  of  those  who  desired  the  evangelization  of  its  people  and 
longed  to  attempt  it.  One  such,  a  graduate  of  our  Theological  Seminary 
at  New  Brunswick  (the  Rev.  Horace  G.  Underwood),  made  application  to 
the  Board  in  February  of  that  year  to  be  sent  thither  as  a  missionary  of  the 
Board.  But  it  was  not  deemed  either  expedient  or  even  possible  to  estab- 
lish a  new  mission  at  that  time,  even  by  the  appointment  of  a  single  mis- 
sionary. The  application  was,  therefore,  reluctantly  declined  and  Mr. 
Underwood  cordially  recommended  to  the  Presbyterian  Board,  which  was 
known  to  be  considering  the  establishment  of  such  a  mission.  The  Re- 
formed Church  has  reason  to  rejoice  in  the  work  he  has  been  permitted  to 
do  in  that  field,  though  unable  to  send  him  forth  to  it  herself. 

The  same  subject  was  brought  before  the  Board  again  in  January,  1891. 
In  that  month  a  proposition  was  received  from  a  gentleman  of  known 
liberality  in  the  city  of  New  York  to  furnish  the  sum  of  $5,000,  "on  condi- 
tion and  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  a  mission  of  the  Reformed  Church 
in  Korea."  But,  aside  from  the  fact  that  other  churches  already  had  flour- 
ishing missions  in  that  country,  the  claims  of  its  existing  missions  were 
too  great  and  were  scantily  met  to  admit  of  its  undertaking  this  new  respon- 
sibility. The  proposition  was  therefore  necessarily  though  reluctantly 
declined. 

Similar  reasons  delayed  the  assumption  by  the  Board  of  the  Arabian 
Mission  for  several  years  (1888-1894).  But  this  was  finally  received  upon 
the  special  subscription  plan.     (Arabian  Mission.) 

Three  missionaries  and  their  wives,  seven  catechists,  two  churches  and 
two  parochial  schools,  were  received  at  Amoy  from  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.  in 


THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 


249 


1859.  With  the  Arcot  Mission  were  received  five  missionaries  and  their 
wives  and  one  unmarried  lady;  five  churches,  with  117  communicants,  five 
native  helpers,  eight  schoolmasters  and  four  colporteurs.  The  following 
table  shows  the  increase  God  has  given  up  to  January,  1900 : 

COMPARATIVE  SUMMARY  (1858-1900). 


Stations  

Out- Stations  and  Preach- 
ing Places 

Missionaries,  men 

Missionaries,  married  wo- 
men   

Missionaries,  unmarried 
women  

Native  Ordained  Ministers 

Other  Native  Helpers,  men 

Native  Helpers,  women... 

Churches  

Communicants    

Boarding  School,  boys. .  . . 

Scholars   

Boarding  School,  girls. . . . 

Scholars 

Theological  Students 

Day    Schools 

Scholars 

Hospitals  and  Dispensaries 

Patients  Treated 

Native  Contributions 


7 
297 


1868 

1878 

1888 

1898 

1900 

10 

II 

11 

22 

23 

18 

49 

123 

241 

230 

14 

16 

28 

36 

35 

14 


31 


31 


7 

9 

20 

26 

4 

6 

26 

30 

3i 

76 

86 

173 

211 

237 

2 

10 

47 

4i 

112 

13 

31 

47 

47 

39 

8l6 

1,563 

4,559 

5,564 

4,597 

2 

1 

7 

10 

10 

55 

40 

308 

517 

577 

1 

3 

5 

10 

10 

46 

97 

300 

456 

45i 

7 

19 

32 

61 

50 

17 

44 

106 

201 

163 

413 

i,34i 

2,162 

6,059 

5,715 

1 

1 

4 

6 

15,507 

9,6"73 

18,046 

26,622 

$i,i34 

$1,590 

$8,325 

$10,758 

$11,136 

The  whole  number  of  missionaries  connected  with  the  Board  from  the 
beginning  until  1902  is  considerably  more  than  200.  Of  these  85  were  men, 
73  married  and  45  unmarried  women.  Of  the  total  number,  18  went  to  the 
Borneo  Mission,  57  to  China,  61  to  India,  75  to  Japan,  and  15  to  Arabia. 

In  the  Report  of  the  Board  for  1900  a  general  review  of  the  history  of 
our  Foreign  Missions  for  68  years  is  given.  During  the  70  years'  existence 
of  the  Board  a  sum  not  much  short  of  $4,000,000  has  passed  through  its 
hands,  not  to  speak  of  gifts  for  Foreign  Missions  before  the  formation  of 
the  Board,  and  many  gifts  to  the  Woman's  Union  Missionary  Society  be- 
fore the  formation  of  the  Woman's  Board.  In  1901  the  Board  reported 
88  missionaries  then  connected  with  it.  Of  these  34  were  ordained  min- 
isters and  3  were  physicians ;  54  were  women,  30  of  whom  were  married 
and  24  unmarried.  Two  of  the  latter  were  physicians.  The  total  receipts 
from  all  sources  for  the  year  ending  in  May,  1901,  were  $173,204.12,  the 
largest  for  any  year  in  the  history  of  the  Board. 


250  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

The  Committee  on  the  General  State  of  the  Church  in  iooo  reported  on 
the  subject  of  Foreign  Mission,  briefly  reviewing  the  history  (Mints.  Gen. 
Synod,  1900,  pp.  814,  821-3),  and  then  proposed  the  following  action, 
pp.  837-9: 

The  time  has  come  for  the  church  to  declare  in  unmistakable  terms  that 
the  conquest  of  the  world  for  Christ  is  the  fundamental  argument  of  the 
church's  existence;  that  the  command  "evangelize  all  nations"  is  not  to  be 
a  subsidiary  work.  Is  it  not  our  imperative  duty  to  give  stronger  emphasis 
than  we  have  heretofore  given  to  the  foremost  commission  of  our  Lord; 
to  recognize  and  assert  the  essentially  evangelistic  nature,  purpose  and 
obligation  of  the  church?  As  the  constitution  now  stands,  reference  to  this 
sacred  trust  appears  only  incidentally.  Some  of  our  missions  apparently 
lack  complete  constitutional  sanction.  To  give  all  the  present  and  pros- 
pective missionary  enterprises  at  home  and  abroad  full  constitutional  recog- 
nition and  support,  the  following  amendment  to  the  Rules  of  the  Church 
Government  is  recommended  for  adoption : 

1.  Resolved,  That  Art.  IX,  Sec.  4,  of  the  constitution,  be  amended  by  the 
addition  of  the  following  words  and  the  same  be  recommended  to  the 
Classes  for  adoption : 

"To  the  General  Synod  also  belongs  the  power  and  duty  to  institute  and 
organize  such  general  agencies  as  shall  best  enable  the  church  to  fulfil  the 
command  of  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ  by  which  he  has  enjoined  on  all  His 
disciples  the  duty  of  teaching  all  nations  and  preaching  the  Gospel  to  every 
creature;  to  maintain,  supervise  and  direct  such  agencies  when  erected  in 
the  conduct  of  missionary  operations  at  home  and  abroad ;  and  to  recom- 
mend such  methods  in  the  churches  as  shall  effectively  sustain  such  agencies 
and  tend  to  secure  the  largest  possible  dissemination  of  the  Gospel." 

Such  constitutional  recognition  of  the  chief  end  of  the  church  as  ex- 
pressed in  the  last  command  of  her  Head  would  serve  for  the  members  of 
the  Reformed  Church  now,  and  in  successive  generations,  as  a  constant 
incentive  to  highest  endeavor;  it  would  act  as  a  permanent  appeal  to  the 
church  to  devote  her  resources,  to  put  forth  her  strength,  to  measure  her 
courage,  not  according  to  the  immediate  result,  but  in  proportion  to  the 
grandeur  and  the  difficulty  of  her  appointed  task.  This  constitutional 
amendment  was  adopted  in  1901. 

Your  Committee  has  been  led  to  feel  that  there  is  need  of  supplementing 
the  methods  at  present  employed  to  secure  funds  for  their  maintenance  and 
further  development.  A  great  "forward  movement"  is  not  only  to  be  de- 
sired, but  is  absolutely  indispensable  for  this  purpose  in  both  domestic  and 
foreign  fields.  Under  proper  safeguards  few  methods  are  likely  to  prove 
more  effective  than  the  support  of  particular  missionaries  by  individuals, 
particular  churches  and  societies,  or  groups  of  societies  and  churches. 
This  method  is  being  largely  employed  in  sister  churches,  and 
has  been,  and  is  now  to  some  extent,  employed  among  us.  It  has  the 
advantage  of  establishing  a  "living  link"  between  the  givers  and  the  work- 
ers in  the  field  and  of  enabling  the  former  to  feel  that,  through  their  sub- 


THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  251 

stitutes,  they  are  "working  twenty-four  hours  a  day  for  Christ  and  the 
building  up  of  His  kingdom." 

The  Committee  would  therefore  recommend  to  Genera!  Synod  the  fol- 
lowing action  : 

Resolved,  That  this  General  Synod  urge  upon  single  churches,  or  groups 
of  them,  and  upon  individuals  whom  God  has  blest  with  means  and  upon 
associations  within  the  churches,  to  take  upon  themselves  the  support  of 
individual  missionaries  or  fields,  it  being  understood  that  the  missionaries 
so  supported  should  be  as  completely  under  the  direction  and  subject  to 
the  rules  of  the  Board  as  any  others. 

Your  Committee  further  recommends  the  more  complete  organization  of 
the  church  for  missionary  work  by  the  adoption  of  methods  similar  to  those 
employed  by  the  Women's  Executive  Committee  of  Domestic  Missions 
and  the  Woman's  Board  of  Foreign  Missions. 

During  the  nineteenth  century  about  three  hundred  Foreign  Missionary 
Societies  were  formed.  Of  these  about  fifty  have  become  large  and  flour- 
ishing. In  the  early  years  of  that  century  the  average  annual  collections 
for  missions  would  not  probably  have  exceeded  $100,000  for  the  whole 
Protestant  world.  There  is  now  given  about  $20,000,000  per  year,  but  only 
beginnings  have  been  made.  The  twentieth  century  will  see  the  Evangeli- 
zation of  the  whole  world.  The  unanswerable  proof  of  Christianity  will  be 
a  world  redeemed.  If  ye  believe  not  Me,  believe  the  works,  which  prove 
that  the  Father  is  in  Me.  The  conversion  of  the  world  is  the  miracle 
which  the  church  by  her  faith  and  works  is  now  performing.  "Verily, 
verily,  I  say  unto  you,  He  that  believeth  in  Me,  the  works  that  I  do  shall 
he  do  also ;  and  greater  works  than  these  shall  he  do,  because  I  go  unto 
My  Father;  and  whatsoever  ye  shall  ask  in  My  Name,  that  will  I  do,  that 
the  Father  may  be  glorified  in  the  Son."    John,  xiv,  12,  13. 

AMOY  MISSION17  (1842). 

The  Amoy  Mission  was  founded  by  Rev.  David  Abeel  in  1842.  He  had 
labored  among  the  seamen  at  Canton;  he  had  been  chaplain  for  the  foreign 
community  at  Singapore  for  a  year;  he  had  made  two  extensive  tours  to 
Borneo,  Java  and  Siam  with  a  view  to  the  establishment  of  missions  among 
the  Chinese,  who  had  emigrated  to  those  parts.  But  when,  in  consequence 
of  the  Opium  War,  Amoy  was  thrown  open  to  foreign  trade  and  settlement, 
he  immediately  went  there.  He  began  his  work  in  a  hired  house,  under 
an  overshadowing  banyan,  on  the  island  of  Kolongsu.  By  his  courtliness, 
affability  and  manly  consecration  he  won  the  favor  of  both  the  literary  and 
official  classes,  as  well  as  of  the  common  people.  He  had  interested  hearers 
from  the  beginning.  But  his  health,  never  vigorous,  soon  utterly  failed  and 
he  returned  to  the  United  States,  in  1844,  and  died  Sept.  4,  1846.  Before 
Abeel  left  Rev.  Elihu  Doty  and  Rev.  William  Pohlman  came  to  Amoy. 
They  had  gone  out  from  our  church  and  been  engaged  in  missionary  work 
among  the  Chinese  who  had  settled  in  Borneo,  but  the  far  greater  oppor- 
tunity now  open  for  missionary  work  among  the  Chinese  in  China  itself 
brought  them  to  Amoy.     Pohlman  will  always  be  remembered  as  having 


252  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

solicited  and  secured  $3,000  for  the  first  Protestant  church  edifice  for  dis- 
tinctively Chinese  worship  in  China.  He  superintended  its  erection  at 
Amoy  (1848),  where  the  substantial  building  still  stands  and  Christian  con- 
gregations still  assemble.  He  went  to  Hongkong  to  escort  an  invalid  sister 
and  to  buy  furnishings  for  the  new  church  building.  On  his  return  the 
ship  "Omega,"  in  which  he  sailed,  was  wrecked  off  Breaker  Point,  120 
miles  north  of  Hongkong,  and  by  the  overturning  of  the  boat  in  which  he 
and  the  captain  and  part  of  the  crew  were  trying  to  get  ashore,  he  was 
drowned. 

Mr.  Doty  continued  with  the  mission  for  twenty  years  and  by  his  char- 
acter and  work  left  an  enduring  impression. 

But  the  name  that  stands  out  pre-eminently  in  connection  with  the  Amoy 
Mission  is  that  of  Rev.  John  Van  Nest  Talmage,  D.D.  He  not  only  helped 
lay  the  foundations,  but  built  thereon,  and  never  knowingly,  through  up- 
ward of  forty  years  of  service,  put  in  one  trowelful  of  untempered  mortar. 
He  was  a  man  of  unusual  weight  and  power  of  personality.  His  sound- 
ness of  judgment  made  him  an  adviser  and  arbitrator  whom  foreigners  and 
Chinese  alike  sought,  and  from  whose  advice  they  were  not  quick  to  turn 
away.  He  was  one  of  the  earliest  advocates  of  union  and  co-operation  in 
Foreign  Missions  and  was  mainly  instrumental,  so  far  as  our  church  was 
concerned,  in  the  establishment  of  an  independent  Chinese  Church  of  the 
Reformed  order.  It  embraces  the  converts  of  both  the  English  Presby- 
terian mission  and  our  own  mission.  "It  is  not  an  appendage  of  either  of 
these  foreign  churches,  but  is  a  genuine  independent  Chinese  Christian 
church,  holding  the  standards  and  governed  by  the  polity  of  the  twin- 
sister  Churches  that  sent  them  the  Gospel  by  their  own  messengers.  The 
missionaries  retain  their  relations  with  their  own  home  churches  and  act 
under  commissions  of  their  own  Church  Boards  of  Missions.  They  are 
not  settled  pastors,  but  are  more  like  the  Apostolic  Evangelists  of  New 
Testament  times,  preachers,  teachers,  founders  of  churches,  educators  of 
the  native  ministry,  superintendents  of  the  general  work  of  evangelization." 
Dr.  Talmage's  special  literary  achievement  was  the  preparation  and  com- 
pletion of  a  Character-Colloquial  Dictionary  in  the  Amoy  dialect,  intended 
to  be  of  special  service  to  the  missionaries  and  the  Chinese  Christian 
Church.  In  the  midst  of  multiplied  duties  and  many  distractions  he  worked 
at  it  for  upward  of  twenty  years.  Great  and  good  man,  fervent  preacher, 
inspiring  teacher,  wise  and  sympathetic  counsellor,  generous  friend,  affec- 
tionate father,  the  fragrance  of  his  name  cannot  be  dissipated,  the  memory 
of  his  life  the  multiplying  years  cannot  crowd  out. 

Rev.  Daniel  Rapalje  joined  the  mission  in  1858.  He  finally  returned  to 
this  country  in  1899,  after  upward  of  forty  years  of  faithful  and  efficient 
service.  His  unusual  acquaintance  with  the  Chinese  language,  both  written 
and  spoken,  and  his  remarkable  accuracy  and  facility  of  utterance  have 
made  him  a  highly  respected  and  much  valued  missionary. 

Rev.  Leonard  W.  Kip,  D.D.,  went  to  Amoy  in  1861  and  finally  returned 
in  1899.  He  has  been  the  geographer  of  the  mission.  He  put  as  much 
painstaking  accuracy  into  his  maps  as  Dr.  Talmage  did  into  his  dictionary. 


THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  253 

He  has  been  a  constant  traveler  and  a  pioneer  in  the  establishment  of  mis- 
sion stations  in  the  region  beyond  Chiang-chiu.  The  evangelization  of  the 
Siokhe  valley  and  tributary  valleys  is  due  principally  to  the  unwearied  tour- 
ing and  testimony  and  planning  and  supervision  of  Dr.  Kip. 

Our  missionary  force  in  China  has  never  been  large.  Reinforcements 
have  been  sent  from  time  to  time  through  the  years.  The  proportion  of 
those  who  could  not  endure  the  climate  and  were  compelled,  by  reason  of 
broken  health,  to  return  to  the  United  States,  has  been  relatively  large. 
Some  have  passed  away  and  others  are  still  living,  who  would  gladly  have 
given  their  whole  lives  to  the  evangelization  of  China,  but  it  could  not  be. 

The  Work.— The  work  of  the  mission  is  three-fold,  Evangelistic,  Edu- 
cational, Medical. 

Evangelistic  Work.— The  Amoy  Mission  began  as  a  preaching  mission. 
This  was  indicated  in  the  words  of  Mr.  Pohiman  in  1846,  in  a  paper  in 
which  he  urged  all  the  missionaries  coming  to  China  to  learn  to  speak  the 
language  correctly,  and  adds,  "Be  sure  you  are  understood,  then  preach 
preach,  preach."  Of  course,  there  is  preaching  in  all  the  churches  and 
chapels  at  the  regular  services  every  Sunday,  to  stated  congregations  of 
Christians.  But  more  or  less  informal  preaching  to  the  heathen  by  the 
elders,  school  teachers  and  other  laymen  with  the  gift  of  utterance  is  going 
on  in  the  churches  and  chapels  all  through  the  Sabbath-day.  There  are 
wayside  chapels  which  are  opened  every  afternoon  and  evening,  and  passers- 
by  are  attracted  by  the  singing  of  hymns  and  the  testimony  of  earnest  men 
who  bear  witness  to  their  repudiation  of  idolatry  and  their  faith  in  Jesus 
Christ. 

Special  evangelistic  tours  to  hitherto  unvisited  or  seldom-visited  villages 
are  arranged  for  several  days  of  every  month,  when  the  pastors  and 
preachers  and  elders  of  a  whole  valley  or  a  portion  of  a  valley  join. 
Christian  literature  is  disseminated.  Portions  of  the  Scriptures,  tracts  on 
the  fundamental  truths  of  Christianity,  tracts  against  ancestral  worship  and 
exposing  idolatry,  are  sold  or  given  away  at  all  the  chapels,  and  on  these 
preaching  tours.  The  Gospel  story  is  told,  again  and  again  by  the  lady 
missionaries  on  their  house-to-house  visits.  There  are  at  present  connected 
with  our  mission  12  self-supporting  churches,  41  preaching  stations.  12 
native  pastors  and  about  30  native  evangelists. 

Educational  Work.— The  work  of  education  began  with  teaching  the 
new  converts  how  to  read  the  already  translated  Scriptures.  It  is  possible 
by  reason  of  the  peculiar  genius  of  the  Chinese  language  for  a  man  to 
know  enough  character  to  make  out  a  business  announcement  and  write  a 
business  letter,  to  whom  the  characters  and  combinations  of  characters 
constituting  the  religious  vocabulary  are  an  unexplainable  puzzle.  Hence 
more  or  less  educative  work  of  this  kind,  teaching  them  how  to  read  the 
Bible  intelligently,  must  be  done  among  all  classes  all  the  time.  The  chil- 
dren, too,  must  be  gathered  into  Christian  schools,  away  from  the  daily 
worship  of  Confucius  and  the  contaminating  influence  of  heathen  teachers 
The  need  of  evangelists  and  teachers  was  felt  and  the  older  missionaries 
gave  themselves,  so  far  as  they  were  able,  to  the  training  of  men  with  the 


254  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

modest  accommodations  and  limited  time  at  their  command.  To-day  there 
is  a  well-appointed  Theological  Seminary  building,  where  the  students  of 
both  the  English  Presbyterian  Mission  and  our  own  mission  are  given  a 
three  years'  course  in  Systematic  Theology,  Exposition  of  Scripture  and  the 
Art  of  Preaching. 

Men  of  character,  ability  and  consecration  have  gone  out  from  this  insti- 
tution and  are  now  serving  the  churches.  The  seminary  building  was  put 
up  by,  and  is  the  property  of,  the  English  Presbyterian  Mission. 

The  Middle  School. — On  one  of  the  most  commanding  sites  on  the  island 
of  Kolongsu  stands  the  Talmage  Memorial  Hall,  the  funds  for  which  were 
raised  by  Rev.  P.  W.  Pitcher.  Here  cur  Middle  School  is  housed  and 
upward  of  sixty  boys  and  young  men  are  given  a  good  academic  training. 
Besides,  there  is  a  Boys'  Boarding  School  on  the  island  of  Kolongsu  and 
there  are  boys'  schools  connected  with  every  fully  constituted  church  in 
the  mission. 

The  education  of  the  women  and  girls  has  received  attention  from  the 
beginning.  The  Charlotte  W.  Duryee  Bible  School,  founded  in  1884,  draws 
together  under  its  roof  women  from  many  places  in  the  Amoy  region  who 
never  had  an  opportunity  of  any  schooling  in  their  childhood  and  wish, 
now  that  they  are  Christians  and  have  the  opportunity,  to  learn  to  read 
and  understand  the  Bible  for  themselves. 

Mrs.  J.  V.  N.  Talmage  has  superintended  this  school  for  many  years 
and  done  most  excellent  work.  There  are  two  boarding  schools  for  girls 
connected  with  the  Amoy  Mission,  one  on  the  island  of  Kolongsu  under 
the  care  of  the  Misses  M.  E.  and  K.  M.  Talmage,  and  one  at  Siokhe.  The 
influence  of  these  schools  is  felt  far  and  wide  for  good  in  the  homes  of  the 
Christian  Chinese.  There  are  also  day  schools  for  girls  at  Amoy,  Chiang- 
chin  and  Tongan. 

Medical  Work. — No  work  of  the  foreign  missionary  is  more  thoroughly 
appreciated  by  all  classes,  literati,  officials,  merchants,  shop-keepers,  farm- 
ers, than  the  medical  work.  It  makes  a  visible,  tangible,  sympathetic, 
scientific  appeal.  China  has  no  medical  colleges  except  those  erected  within 
recent  years  under  foreign  influence.  Chinese  physicians  have  learned  the 
use  of  a  few  remedies  as  the  result  of  long  experience,  some  of  which  are 
safely  harmless,  others  moderately  efficient  and  others  positively  harmful. 
At  best  Chinese  medical  knowledge  is  little  more  than  quackery.  They 
know  nothing  whatever  of  surgery.  The  first  hospital  opened  in  connection 
with  the  Amoy  Mission  was  the  Neerbosch  Hospital  at  Siokhe,  in  1889, 
under  the  supervision  of  Rev.  J.  A.  Otte,  M.D.  The  hospital  proved  a  most 
effective  agency  in  breaking  down  prejudice  and  opening  the  way  to  many 
homes  and  villages  for  the  preaching  of  the  Gospel. 

On  Dr.  Otte's  return  to  China,  in  1897,  Hope  Hospital  was  built  on  the 
island  of  Kolongsu,  the  meeting  point  of  junk  and  river-boat  traffic  from 
many  directions,  just  opposite  the  city  of  Amoy.  It  is  already  proving  a 
much  appreciated  pool  of  Siloam  and  healing  Bcthesda. 

Mission  Comity. — The  three  missions  at  Amoy,  the  London  Mission 
( Congregational),  the  English  Presbyterian  Mission,  the  Reformed  Church 


THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  255 

Mission,  as  an  illustration  of  Christian  comity,  and  for  the  better  prosecu- 
tion of  their  respective  work,  have  divided  the  region  about  Amoy — extend- 
ing a  hundred  miles  up  and  down  the  coast  and  a  hundred  miles  inland,  into 
three  well  defined  sections  within  whose  bounds  each  mission  is  to  carry 
on  its  work.  This  makes  the  Reformed  Church  specifically  responsible  for 
the  evangelization  of  at  least  two  million  people. 

The  mission  just  now  is  seriously  undermanned.  A  strong  reinforcement 
is  greatly  needed.  Meanwhile  faithful  men  and  women  are  standing  guard 
and  doing  earnest  work. 

MISSIONARIES  OF  THE  "REFORMED  CHURCH  IN  AMERICA" 
TO  AMOY,  CHINA. 

Went  Out.  Retired. 

Rev.  David  Abeel,  D.D 1842  1845* 

Rev.   Elihu  Doty 1844  1865* 

Mrs.  Elihu  Doty 1844  1845* 

Mrs.  Mary   (Smith)   Doty 1847  1858* 

Rev.  W.  J.   Pohlman 1844  1849* 

Mrs.  Theodosia  R.    (Scudder)    Pohlman 1844  1845* 

Rev.  J.  V.  N.  Talmage,  D.D 1847  1892* 

Mrs.  Abby  F.   (Woodruff)   Talmage 1850  1862* 

Mrs.   Mary  E.    (Van  Deventer)    Talmage 1865  

Rev.  J.  S.  Joralmon 1855  i860 

Mrs.  J.  S.  Joralmon 1855  i860 

Rev.  Daniel  Rapalje 1858  1899 

Mrs.  Alice    (Ostrom)    Rapalje 1878  1889 

Rev.  Alvin  Ostrom 1858  1864 

Mrs.  Susan   (Webster)   Ostrom 1858  1864 

Rev.  John  E.  Watkins i860  i86ot 

Mrs.  John  E.  Watkins i860  i86ot 

Miss  Caroline  E.  Adriance i860  1863 

Rev.  Leonard  W.  Kip,  D.D 1861  1899 

Mrs.  Helen    (Culbertson)    Kip 1861  .... 

Rev.  Augustus   Blauvelt 1861  1864 

Mrs.  Jennie   (Zabriskie)   Blauvelt 1861  1864 

Rev.  J.  Howard  Van  Doren 1S64  1873 

Rev.  John  A.  Davis 1868  1871 

Mrs.  Emma  C.    (Wyckoff)   Davis 1868  1871 

Miss  Helen  M.  Van  Doren 1870  1877 

Miss  Mary  E.  Talmage 1874  

Miss  Katharine  M.  Talmage 1874  

Rev.  David  M.  Talmage 1877  1880 

Rev.  Alexander  S.  Van  Dyck 1S82  1897 

Mrs.  Alice  (Kip)  Van  Dyck 1886  1897 

Rev.   Philip   W.    Pitcher 1885 

Mrs.  Anna  F.    (Merritt)    Pitcher 1885  

Miss  Y.  May  King,  M.D 1887  1889 

Rev.  John  A.  Otte,  M.D 1887 


256  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

Mrs.  F.  C.  (Phelps)  Otte 1887 

Rev.  John  G.  Fagg 1887  1894 

Mrs.  Margaret   (Gillespie)   Fagg 1889  1894 

Miss  Elizabeth  M.  Cappon 1891 

Miss  Nellie  Zwemer 1891 

Miss  Margaret  C.  Morrison 1892 

Miss  Lily  N.  Duryee 1894 

I.  S.  F.  Dodd,  M.D 1894  1895 

Mrs.  Mary  (Carpenter)   Dodd 1894  1895 

Rev.  A.  D.  D.  Fraser 1895  1898 

F.  T.  B.  Fest,  M.D 1896  1S98 

Mrs.  Emmy  M.   (Hartwig)    Fest 1S96  1898 

Rev.  Hobart  E.  Studley 1896  1902 

Mrs.  Edith  J.  (Holhrow)   Studley 1898  1902 

Miss  M.  Van  B.  Calkoen 1896  1899 

C.  Otto  Stumpf,  M.D 1899  

Mrs.  Eleanor  (Barwood)   Stumpf 1899  .... 

Miss  Angie  M.  Myers,  M.D 1899  

Miss  Louise  Brink 1899  .... 

Rev.  A.  Livingston  Warnshuis 1900  .... 

Mrs.  Anna  (De  Vries)  Warnshuis 1900  .... 

Rev.  Douwe  Cornelius  Ruigh 1901  .... 

*  Deceased. 

f  Rev.  John  E.  Watkins  and  his  wife  sailed  from  New  York  to  join  the 
mission  in  i860  and  were  never  heard  from. 

See  sketch  of  the  Amoy  Mission  by  Dr.  J.  V.  N.  Talmage,  1888.  Sketch, 
etc.,  by  Rev.  John  G.  Fagg,  1899,  from  which  the  above  is  largely  taken. 
Reports  of  the  Neerbosch  Hospital.  The  Kolongsu  Boys'  Academy.  Re- 
ports of  the  Hope  Hospital.  Pitcher's  "Fifty  Years  in  Amoy;  or,  A 
History  of  the  Amoy  Mission,  1893." 

Also  the  Bibliography  under  the  names  of  the  respective  missionaries. 

THE  ARCOT  MISSION,  INDIA  (1853). 
In  1847  the  Board  was  invited  by  the  Prudential  Committee  of  the  Ameri- 
can Board  "to  consider  the  expediency  of  undertaking  a  mission  among  the 
Tamil-speaking  people  of  southern  India  and  in  the  neighborhood  of  its 
Madras  Mission,  to  be  composed  entirely  of  missionaries  from  the  Reformed 
Protestant  Dutch  Church."  Dr.  Scudder  had  been  transferred  from  Ceylon 
to  Madras  in  1836  and  had  made  extended  tours  through  the  regions  lying 
west  and  south,  preaching  the  Gospel  to  great  multitudes,  distributing 
tracts  and  healing  the  sick.  In  his  work  he  had  been  joined,  in  1846,  by 
his  eldest  son,  Henry  Martyn  Scudder.  A  wide  and  open  field  had  been 
developed  by  their  labors  and  to  it  the  attention  of  the  Board  was  now 
directed.  On  Nov.  9  the  Board  resolved  that  the  establishment  of  such  a 
mission  would  be  expedient.  In  1850  Henry  Martyn  Scudder  removed  to 
Arcot,  where  he  was  joined,  in  1852,  by  his  brother  William  from  Ceylon, 
and  in  1853  by  his  brother  Joseph  from  America.  These  brothers,  with 
their  father,  requested  the  Particular  Synod  of  New  York  of  1853  to  allow 


THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  257 

them  to  be. organized  as  a  Classis.  The  Synod  granted  the  request,  appoint- 
ing Dr.  Scudder  to  perform  this  service.  In  1854  the  Classis  of  Arcot  was 
regularly  constituted,  three  native  brethren,  who  had  removed  from  Madras, 
representing  the  eldership. 

Early  in  1855,  Rev.  John  Scudder,  M.D.,  died  near  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  whither  he  had  gone  in  the  hope  of  retarding  the  decline  of  his 
strength.  His  death  was  widely  lamented.  His  services  to  the  church  and 
the  cause  of  missions  had  been  of  the  highest  value.  During  the  same 
year  Revs.  Ezekiel  C.  and  Jared  W.  Scudder  reached  Arcot  and  were 
admitted  to  the  Classis.  Miss  Louisa  Scudder  accompanied  them  and  en- 
gaged in  the  work  as  an  assistant  missionary.  The  stations  of  Arcot, 
Ami,  Chittoor,  Coonoor  and  Vellore  were  all  occupied  before  1857.  In 
that  year  this  mission  also,  with  its  missionaries,  was  surrendered  to  the 
independent  Board  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church,  of  which  they  were 
sons  and  ministers. 

Previous  to  this  occupation  of  Arcot  by  the  Scudders  some  work  had 
been  done  in  Vellore  and  Chittoor  and  a  few  converts  had  been  gathered 
by  another  society.  These  were  now  handed  over  to  the  care  of  the.  Arcot 
Mission. 

DIVISION  OF  TERRITORY. 

The  method  pursued  is  to  divide  the  territory  into  parishes  and  distribute 
them  among  the  missionaries  who  occupy  central  points  called  stations,  from 
which,  with  their  native  assistants,  they  seek  to  evangelize  the  district  in- 
trusted to  them. 

The  command  of  the  Master:  "Preach  the  Gospel,"  is  the  foundation 
stone  of  the  mission.  Learning  the  languages  of  the  people  well,  the  mis- 
sionary enters  in  among  the  masses,  carrying  the  Gospel  message  far  and 
wide,  distributing  books  and  tracts.  As  most  of  the  people  live  in  villages, 
be  spends  a  great  part  of  his  time  in  the  district.  Pitching  his  tent  in  a 
central  village,  he  radiates  from  this  point  in  company  with  native  assist- 
ants, mornings  and  evenings,  carrying  the  Gospel  to  all  the  villages  that  lie 
within  the  radius  of  four  or  five  miles.  Then  changing  his  place  of  en- 
campment, he  does  the  same  in  another  circle  of  villages,  thus  systematically 
"touring  up"  the  whole  district  committed  to  his  charge.  Arriving  in  a 
village,  he  takes  his  stand  in  the  principal  street.  A  lyric  is  sung  or  a  few 
verses  of  Scripture  read,  to  attract  an  audience.  When  a  number  of  people 
have  gathered,  the  native  assistant  begins  to  address  them,  telling  them 
first  the  object  of  the  visit,  then  speaking  probably  of  the  folly  of  idolatry, 
explaining  the  nature  of  the  true  God,  the  way  of  salvation  through  Christ. 
The  missionary  then  takes  up  the  address  and  further  unfolds  the  subject. 
enforcing  and  illustrating  it  by  quotations  from  their  own  writings,  after 
the  manner  of  St.  Paul  on  Mars  Hill.  Questions  are  then  asked,  which 
opens  the  way  for  further  explanation ;  after  which,  books  and  tracts  are 
distributed.  In  this  way  the  Gospel  is  carried  to  every  town,  village  and 
hamlet  throughout  the  district. 

FORMATION  OF  CONGREGATIONS. 
After,  the  Gospel  has  been  repeatedly  preached  in  a  village,  if  any  three 


258  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

or  more  families  agree  to  abandon  idolatry  and  place  themselves  under 
Christian  instruction,  they  are  organized  into  a  Christian  congregation.  A 
native  Catechist  is  sent  to  the  village,  who  takes  up  his  residence  with  the 
people;  a  little  school-house  or  prayer-house,  costing  $10  or  $15,  is  erected, 
and  in  this  building  the  people  gather  at  night  and  are  instructed  in  the 
fundamental  truths  of  the  Gospel,  as  well  as  in  all  the  habits  and  usages 
suitable  to  a  Christian  community.  During  the  day  the  children  assemble 
and  are  taught  secular  and  religious  lessons.  If  at  the  end  of  a  year  any 
of  the  congregation  give  evidence  of  being  true  Christians,  they  are  baptized, 
and  when  there  is  a  sufficient  number  a  church  is  organized.  It  is  in  this 
manner  that  all  the  congregations  in  our  mission  have  been  formed.  There 
are  now  (1901)  24  organized  churches  and  152  out-stations  where  services 
are  regularly  held. 

NATIVE  ASSISTANTS. 

Native  agents  employed  by  the  mission  are  classified  as  follows :  Native 
Pastors,  Catechists,  Assistant  Catechists,  Readers.  A  Native  Minister  is 
put  in  charge  of  one  large  congregation,  of  which  he  has  the  pastoral  over- 
sight. He  also  labors  more  or  less  among  the  heathen.  A  Catechist 
is  a  man  appointed  to  instruct  a  native  congregation.  He  as- 
sembles the  adults  for  prayer  and  catechization,  teaches  the  chil- 
dren, as  well  as  labors  among  the  heathen  in  his  own  and  neighboring 
villages.  The  distinction  between  a  Catechist  and  Native  Pastor  is,  that 
the  former  is  not  ordained  and  so  does  not  baptize  nor  administer  the 
Lord's  Supper.  Assistant  Catechists  are  junior  Catechists.  Reader  is  an 
indefinite  title  given  to  young  men  who  have  been  but  a  short  time  in  mis- 
sion service,  or  to  older  men  who  have  received  but  little  training.  A 
Reader  has  charge  of  a  small  congregation  or  school  and  accompanies  the 
Native  Pastor  or  Catechist  in  preaching  to  the  heathen.  Graduates  of  the 
Arcot  Seminary  are  classed  as  Readers  on  being  admitted  into  mission 
service.  Catechists  and  Readers  receive  a  fixed  salary  from  the  mission, 
which  is  supplemented  by  aid  from  the  people,  chiefly  in  grain.  The  maxi- 
mum salary  of  a  Catechist  is  $90  per  annum  and  of  a  Reader  $60.  Native 
Pastors  receive  a  maximum  salary  of  $150,  at  least  three-fifths  of  which  is 
paid  by  the  native  churches,  and,  if  necessary,  up  to  two-fifths  by  the  mis- 
sion. Besides  the  above,  the  mission  employs  teachers,  who  give  them- 
selves exclusively  to  school  work.  Their  salary,  which  is  determined  by 
the  grade  they  have  passed,  is  largely  paid  from  school  fees  and  Government 
grants.  Wives  of  the  helpers  are  frequently  employed  as  school  mistresses 
on  a  small  salary  of  from  $1.50  to  $2.00  per  month,  to  assist  their  husbands ; 
and  also  as  Bible-readers,  to  visit  the  houses  of  the  heathen  and  read  and 
explain  the  Scriptures.  There  are  now  (1901)  13  ordained  native  pastors 
and  about  500  helpers  of  different  kinds ;  355  of  them  being  men  and  132 
women. 

SCHOOLS. 

"Evangelize  first,  educate  afterward,"  is  a  fundamental  principle  of  the 
Arcot  Mission ;  and  although  this  rule  has  been  departed  from  in  recent 
vears,  especially  in  the  establishment  of  high-caste  girls'  schools,   it  still 


THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  259 

remains  the  governing  policy  of  the  mission.  But  notwithstanding  that 
schools  are  established  primarily  for  Christians,  nearly  all  of  them  are  open 
also  to  the  heathen,  who  freely  attend  them. 

Day  Schools. — Eight  station  and  about  one  hundred  out-station  (village) 
schools  are  connected  with  the  mission.  In  the  latter  adults  as  well  as 
children  are  under  instruction,  the  catechists  doing  the  combined  work 
of  preacher  and  teacher.  The  village  schools  are  very  simple  and  elemen- 
tary. The  building,  which  answers  also  for  a  prayer-house,  is  rudely  con- 
structed with  mud  walls  and  straw  roof.  The  only  furniture  is  a  small 
blackboard,  a  plain  table  and  one  chair  or  bench.  The  children  sit  on 
the  floor  and  learn  the  alphabet  by  writing  with  their  fingers  in  the  sand. 
The  secular  lessons  are  usually  limited  to  "the  three  R's,"  with  a  little 
geography  and  grammar.  Religious  instruction  forms  a  large  part  of  the 
curriculum.  The  Station  day  schools  are  of  a  higher  grade  and  conducted 
more  on  the  American  plan.  The  building  has  brick  walls  and  tiled  roof 
and  is  supplied  with  benches,  tables  and  maps.  The  teacher  has  been  well 
trained  and  gives  his  whole  time  to  the  school  work.  Girls  as  well  as 
boys  are  admitted  into  these  schools. 

Boarding  Schools. — The  brightest  pupils  in  the  day  schools  are  sent  to 
the  boarding  schools,  of  which  there  are  eight  in  the  mission  with  more 
than  400  pupils.  The  design  of  these  institutions  is  the  training  of  Native 
Agents  for  mission  work.  A  large  number  of  men  and  women  have 
already  been  educated  in  them  and  are  now  engaged  in  mission  service. 
Parents  of  pupils  who  are  able,  pay  one  rupee  (50  cents  in  silver)  per 
month  as  school  fee;  poor  children  and  orphans  are  educated  free.  The 
cost  of  educating  a  boy  or  girl  (board,  clothing  and  tuition)  is  from  $30 
to  $40,  according  to  age. 

The  Theological  Seminary  at  Palmanar,  which  originated  about  1884, 
and  of  which  Rev.  Dr.  William  W.  Scudder  was  first  Professor  (1888-94), 
has  sent  out  regular  classes  of  students  ever  since  its  foundation.  These 
become  pastors  of  churches,  partly  self-supporting.  Rev.  Dr.  Jared  W. 
Scudder  was  elected  Principal  and  Professor  in  1895  and  still  holds  that 
office.  He  is  assisted  by  native  teachers.  There  are  now  36  theological 
students. 

Schools  for  the  Heathen. — Besides  the  boarding  schools  for  Christians, 
the  mission  has  under  its  control  other  schools  to  the  number  of  159,  with 
more  than  6,000  scholars.  Daily  instruction  in  the  Bible  is  given  in  these 
schools  by  Christian  teachers. 

OTHER  AGENCIES. 

Medical  work  is  an  important  auxiliary  to  the  mission.  Several  of  the 
missionaries  are  certificated  physicians,  and  have  used  their  skill  in  medi- 
cine and  surgery  with  excellent  results.  Many  cases  of  conversion,  in  some 
instances  of  whole  villages,  have  resulted  from  this  agency.  The  mission 
has  control  of  a  large  hospital  at  Ranipett,  with  a  branch  dispensary  at 
Wallajapett,  in  which  as  many  as  a  hundred  patients  are  treated  daily.  No 
medicines  are  given  out  until  the  Gospel  is  first  preached,  and  the  influence 


200  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

of  the  institution  in  allaying  prejudice  and  winning  the  confidence  of  the 
natives  cannot  be  overestimated. 

Colportage. — Bible  and  Tract  colporteurs,  supported  by  English  and 
American  societies,  canvass  the  district  and  sell  Bibles  and  tracts.  The 
native  helpers  also  carry  books  and  tracts  on  their  preaching  tours.  They 
are  not  given  gratuitously  except  when  touring  in  new  fields.  Perhaps  a 
couple  of  thousand  Bibles,  or  portions  of  the  Bible,  are  sold  yearly,  and  a 
still  larger  number  of  Christian  books  and  tracts. 

Free  reading  rooms  are  kept  at  all  the  stations  and  are  a  useful  agency 
in  reaching  the  educated  classes.  Books  and  papers  are  furnished  for 
perusal,  and  at  least  once  a  week  an  evangelistic  service  is  held.  The  aver- 
age number  of  visitors  at  the  reading  rooms  of  four  stations  are  about 

10.000. 

WORK  FOR  WOMEN. 
Hindu  women  are  reached  in  three  ways:  By  direct  preaching,  schools, 
and  house  visitation.  The  zenana  system  does  not  prevail  in  Southern 
India  to  the  same  extent  as  in  the  north.  Women  go  about  freely,  and  in 
the  villages  form  a  very  considerable  proportion  of  our  audiences.  In  the 
large  towns  schools  have  been  established,  in  connection  with  which  house 
visitation  is  carried  on  by  the  missionary  ladies  and  their  female  assistants. 

PUBLICATIONS. 

The  publications  of  the  mission  are : 

"The  Bazaar  Book ;   or.   Vernacular  Preacher's  Companion,"  in  Tamil. 

"Spiritual  Teaching,"  in  Tamil  and  Telugu. 

"Jewel  Mine  of  Salvation,"  in  Tamil  and  Telugu. 

"Sweet  Savors  of  Divine  Truth,"  in  Tamil. 

These  books,  composed  by  Rev.  Dr.  Henry  Martyn  Scudder,  and  consist- 
ing chiefly  of  addresses  to  the  Hindus  on  vital  subjects,  are  of  rare  value. 
They  are  extensively  used  in  Southern  India,  and  are  an  inestimable  boon 
to  vernacular  preachers,  furnishing  them  with  many  able  arguments  and 
apt  illustrations.  Through  them  Dr.  Scudder  is  still  preaching  to  thousands 
of  natives  in  India.     The  following  translations  have  also  been  published: 

"Liturgy  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America,"  in  Tamil,  by  Rev.  Dr. 
II.  M.  Scudder. 

"Liturgy  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America,"  in  Telugu,  by  Rev.  Dr. 
Chamberlain. 

"Heidelberg  Catechism,"  in  Tamil,  by  Rev.  Drs.  H.  M.  and  J.  W.  Scud- 
der. 

"Bazaar  Book."  in  English,  by  Rev.  J.  W.  Scudder,  D.D. 

"Spiritual  Teaching,"  in  English,  by  Rev.  J.  W.  Scudder,  D.D. 

"Telugu  Hymn-Book,"  by  Dr.  Chamberlain. 

Rev.  Drs.  H.  M.,  E.  C,  and  J.  W.  Scudder  and  Dr.  Chamberlain  have 
also  done  valuable  work  in  connection  with  the  translation  and  revision  of 
the  Tamil  and  Telugu  Bible. 

RESULTS. 
The  results  of  nearly  fifty  years'  labor  may  be  summarized  as  follows : 


THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  26l 

i.  The  Gospel  has  been  preached,  and  in  many  places  repeatedly,  in  nearly 
every  village  and  hamlet  throughout  the  district.  From  carefully  kept  sta- 
tistics, it  is  ascertained  that  about  five  millions  of  people  have  heard  the 
Gospel  through  the  missionaries  and  their  native  assistants. 

2.  Twenty-four  churches  have  been  organized,  containing  about  2.500 
communicants,  representing  a  Christian  community  of  nearly  10,000  souls. 
Christian  congregations  exist  in  about  150  villages.  The  native  Christians 
are  making  steady  advancement  in  intelligence  and  refinement,  and  are 
beginning  to  make  their  influence  felt  for  good  among  the  heathen  masses. 
Their  contributions  toward  the  support  of  their  own  institutions  in  1901 
amounted  to  5,320  rupees  ($1,773  in  silver),  and  this  in  a  country  where  the 
laboring  man  receives,  at  the  most,  8  cents,  and  the  artisan  25  cents,  a  day. 

3.  One  hundred  and  sixty  schools,  attended  by  nearly  5,000  pupils,  have 
been  established  and  are  now  in  operation.  These  are  distinctively  Chris- 
tian schools,  the  Scriptures  being  systematically  taught  daily.  Through 
them  an  educated  Christian  community  is  being  developed. 

4.  A  Native  Agency,  consisting  of  thirteen  pastors  and  of  about  500  other 
native  helpers  (360  men  and  140  women),  has  been  raised  up,  and  is  now 
employed  by  the  mission.  As  a  proof  of  the  value  of  this  agency,  it  need 
only  be  stated  that,  while  the  congregations  and  schools  have  increased 
many  fold,  the  foreign  missionary  force  remains  the  same,  the  additional 
work  being  effected  by  native  helpers. 

5.  The  attitude  of  the  higher  castes  toward  the  missionary  and  his  mes- 
sage has  undergone  a  favorable  change.  Abuse  and  ridicule  of  the  preacher 
has  almost  entirely  ceased ;  books  and  tracts  are  gladly  received  and  read ; 
children  are  freely  sent  to  the  mission  schools ;  thousands  are  convinced  of 
the  falsity  of  their  religion,  and  the  truth  of  Christianity ;  and  a  general 
impression  that  Christianity  will  ultimately  triumph  prevails. 

6.  Nor  is  the  change  in  the  attitude  of  the  higher  castes  toward  the  native 
Christian  community  less  marked.  Christians  are  no  longer  the  despised 
and  persecuted  body  they  once  were.  Their  children  attend  the  same 
school,  sit  on  the  same  seat,  and  read  from  the  same  book  with  Brahmins. 
As  the  native  church  advances  in  intelligence  and  moral  strength,  the  high- 
caste  heathen  are  attracted  by  the  unity  and  brotherly  love  of  its  members. 

Such  are  some  of  the  direct  results,  but  who  can  estimate  the  indirect 
results?  The  general  awakening  of  thought  throughout  the  whole  empire; 
the  revolution  that  Hindu  society  is  undergoing;  the  relaxation  of  caste; 
the  yearning  for  a  purer  faith  on  the  part  of  many.  The  organization  of  a 
Brahma  Somaj  in  the  north,  the  recent  movement  to  restore  the  purer  re- 
ligion of  the  Vedas  in  the  south,  the  formation  of  societies  to  promote 
female  education,  widow  remarriage,  and  other  social  reforms  in  every  part 
of  the  country,  how  can  these  be  accounted  for  except  by  the  spread  of 
Christian  principles,  which  are  arousing  the  consciences  and  quickening 
the  religious  sense  of  the  Hindus.  The  palmy  days  of  Hinduism  are  past, 
never  to  return.  The  Brahmins  are  fast  losing  their  hold  upon  the  people. 
The  leaven  of  Christian  truth  is  now  entering  the  mass  of  the  native  com- 
munity.    Faith  in  India  creeds  and  philosophy  is  being  shaken,  and  is  giving 


262  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

place  to  inquiry  and  serious  thought.     The  Sun  of  Righteousness  is  rising 
and  shining  more  and  more  unto  the  perfect  day. 

The  Arcot  Seminary,  at  Vellore,  dates  from  the  beginning  of  the  mission. 
In  1883  the  studies  were  raised  to  a  higher  grade,  and  the  idea  of  separating 
the  theological  and  secular  departments  was  suggested.  The  importance 
of  a  normal  school  for  teachers  also  now  began  to  be  felt,  and  the  propriety 
of  sending  some  of  the  best  scholars,  among  the  boys,  to  some  Christian 
college,  was  suggested.  A  normal  school  was  accordingly  organized  in 
March,  1884.  In  this  same  year  there  were  three  students  who  took  a  theo- 
logical course.  It  was  determined  that  the  separate  theological  school 
should  formally  begin  in  January,  1885.  The  next  year  it  was  determined 
that  the  title  "Arcot  Seminary"  should  be  used  of  the  Theological  Depart- 
ment only,  and  that  this  department  needed  an  endowment  of  at  least 
$40,000.  The  Theological  Department  was  placed  under  the  care  of  Dr. 
William  W.  Scudder,  who  was  to  devote  his  entire  time  to  it;  and  Dr. 
Jacob  I.  Chamberlain,  then  (1887)  in  America,  was  asked  to  raise  $50,000 
for  its  endowment.  Certain  students  had  now  also  been  sent  to  the  High 
School,  at  Vellore,  under  the  care  of  the  Church  of  Scotland,  and  Synod 
approved  of  this  course. 

The  next  year  (1888)  showed  that  Dr.  Chamberlain  had  secured  pledges 
for  $65,000.  It  was  determined  to  locate  the  Theological  Seminary  at  Pal- 
maner,  and  to  call  it  "The  Theological  Seminary  in  the  Arcot  Mission." 
The  Arcot  Academy  now  became  a  separate  school.-  In  1889  it  appeared 
that,  for  the  endowment,  the  sum  of  $55,000  had  actually  been  collected ; 
that  the  seminary  had  14  students ;  that  Dr.  William  W.  Scudder  had  been 
installed  as  Professor,  with  two  native  assistants ;  and  that  the  first  report 
of  a  Board  of  Superintendents  had  been  sent  to  General  Synod. 

About  1890  "Christian  Endeavor  Societies"  and  "The  King's  Daughters" 
were  introduced  as  new  methods  of  working.  It  was  also  now  resolved  to 
advance  the  studies  in  the  Arcot  Academy  so  as  to  fit  young  men  to  enter 
college.  Prof.  W.  W.  Scudder,  as  Professor  of  Theology,  was  now 
laid  aside  by  sickness,  and  Dr.  Chamberlain  supplied  his  place.  A  "High 
School  Department"  was  instituted  in  the  Arcot  Academy  and  also  an  "In- 
dustrial School." 

The  Board  of  Missions,  in  1893,  asked  the  Synod  to  define  the  relations 
of  the  Board  to  the  Arcot  Seminary.  The  Board  of  Direction  was  in- 
structed to  pay  the  income  of  the  endowment  to  the  treasurer  of  the  mis- 
sion, to  be  applied,  under  the  mission,  to  the  payment  of  the  expenses  of 
the  seminary,  including  the  salary  of  the  Professor,  so  far  as  it  would  suf- 
fice ;  and  that  the  Board  of  Missions  supply  any  deficiency.  The  Board  of 
Missions  was  also  directed  to  co-operate  with  the  Board  of  Superintendents. 

Prof.  William  W.  Scudder  died  in  July,  1894,  and  Dr.  Jared  W.  Scudder 
took  charge  of  the  seminary.  In  1895  he  was  elected  Professor,  and  was 
installed  Jan.  11,  1896.  In  January,  1895,  the  High  School,  at  Vellore 
(Scotch  Church),  was  turned  over  to  the  Arcot  Mission,  with  a  large  corps 
of  teachers  and  500  non-Christian  students.  The  55  Christian  boys  of  our 
school  at  Ranipet  were  now  transferred  to  this  Vellore  institution.  It  was 
at  once  suggested  that  this  should  become  a  college.     It  was  supported  by 


THE  REFORMED  CHURCH   IN    AMERICA. 


263 


students'  fees  and  a  government  grant.  Rev.  William  I.  Chamberlain  was 
already  bearing  the  burden  of  the  Principalship.  In  1897  there  were  in  at- 
tendance 835  scholars.  The  following  year  it  was  advanced  to  the  rank  of 
a  college.  The  $5,000  required  for  the  transfer  in  1895  was  now  paid,  and 
the  college  was  proclaimed  in  January,  1898.  Rev.  William  I.  Chamber- 
lain spent  a  couple  of  years  in  America,  to  fit  himself  more  fully  for  the 
new  duties  connected  with  the  Principalship,  returning  to  the  field  in  1899. 
In  the  meantime  Henry  J.  Scudder  had  acted  as  Principal.  The  United 
Free  Church  of  Scotland  has  also  now  several  students  in  the  Arcot  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  and  other  missions  have  been  invited  to  share  in  its 
benefits.  Vellore  College  has  now  1,021  students,  and  is  one  of  the  four 
largest  institutions  in  India. 

Early  in  1900  representatives  were  appointed  by  the  Church  of  Scotland, 
the  United  Free  Church  of  Scotland,  and  the  Arcot  Mission  to  formulate 
plans  of  co-operation  in  mission  work  and  union  in  ecclesiastical  matters. 
The  missions  approved  of  certain  proposals,  and  the  details  were  submitted 
to  the  home  boards.  In  the  meantime  the  missions  begun  to  co-operate  in 
the  Mangala  Vasanam  newspaper,  and  proposed  to  open  soon  a  normal 
school  for  Christian  teachers.  It  was  agreed  that  the  selection  of  a  Pro- 
fessor in  the  Arcot  Theological  Seminary  should  remain  at  the  disposition 
of  the  General  Synod ;  that  the  Board  of  Superintendents  should  have  one 
representative  from  each  of  the  co-operating  missions ;  that  each  of  the 
co-operating  churches  should  endow  a  Professorship,  and  that  the  subject 
of  ecclesiastical  union  should  be  presented  to  the  General  Synod  in  a 
memorial.     The  Synod  of  1901,  on  this  subject,  took  the  following  action: 

(8)  That,  with  reference  to  the  memorial  from  the  Classis  of  Arcot,  we 
approve  the  proposed  union  of  native  churches  in  South  India  along  the 
lines  indicated  in  the  memorial,  as  marking  a  notable  advance  toward  the 
fulfilment  of  our  Lord's  prayer,  "that  they  all  may  be  one,  that  the  world 
may  believe  that  thou  hast  sent  me."     (Page  1099.) 

In  Southern  India  the  unity  of  Reformed  churches  holding  the  Presby- 
terian system  has  long  been  a  recognized  fact,  and  the  Arcot  Theological 
Seminary  has  been  resorted  to  by  students  of  the  different  missions.  In 
December,  1900,  the  Presbyterian  Alliance  of  India  met  at  Allahabad  and 
twelve  branches  of  the  Presbyterian  family  in  India  were  represented. 
This  alliance  was  organized  in  1875,  and  five  councils  were  held  between 
that  date  and  1890,  but  no  decisive  action  was  secured  in  the  line  of  or- 
ganic union.  But  the  similar  alliance  of  Europe  and  America  had  often 
urged  upon  the  various  mission  boards  the  advisability  of  such  union  in 
foreign  fields.  The  practicability  of  such  a  step  had  been  seen  in  the 
Amoy  field  and  in  Japan.  Dr.  Chamberlain  had  warmly  advocated  it  in 
America  and  Scotland.  The  Missionary  Conference  in  New  York  in  1900 
had  also  emphasized  the  importance  of  co-operation  in  mission  work,  and 
this  movement  in  South  India  toward  union  began  immediately  after.  The 
alliance  proposes  to  call  the  several  native  churches,  when  united,  "The 
Church  of  Christ  in  India  :  Presbyterian."  This  union  will  no  doubt 
be  brought  about  in  due  time. 


264  '  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

MISSIONARIES  OF  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH  IN  AMERICA  TO 
THE  ARCOT  MISSION,  INDIA. 

Joined  Retired 

the  from  the 

Mission.  Mission. 

Rev.  Henry  Martyn  Scudder,  M.D.,  D.D 1851  1864 

Mrs.  Fanny   (Lewis)    Scudder 1851  1864 

Rev.  William  W.  Scudder,  D.D 1852  1894 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  O.  (Knight)  Scudder 1852  1854* 

Mrs.  Frances  Ann  (Rousseau)   Scudder 1858  1894 

Miss  Harriet  Scudder 1854  1856 

Rev.  Joseph  Scudder 1853  i860* 

Mrs.  Sarah  A.  (Chamberlain)  Scudder 1853  i860* 

Rev.  Jared  W.  Scudder,  M.D.,  D.D 1855 

Mrs.  Julia  C.  (Goodwin)  Scudder 1855  .... 

Rev.  Ezekiel  C.  Scudder,  M.D.,  D.D 1855  1876 

Mrs.  Sarah  R.   (Tracy)   Scudder 1855  1876 

Miss  Louisa  Scudder 1855  186 1 

Rev.  Joseph  Mayou 1858  1870 

Mrs.  Margaret  (Shultz)  Mayou 1858  1870 

Rev.  Jacob  Chamberlain,  M.D.,  D.D 1859  .... 

Mrs.  Charlotte  C.   (Birge)   Chamberlain 1859  .... 

Rev.  Silas  D.  Scudder,  M.D i860  1874* 

Mrs.  Marianne   (Conover)    Scudder i860  1874 

Rev.  John  Scudder,  M.D 1861  1900* 

Mrs.  Sophia  (Weld)  Scudder 1861  

Miss  Martha  J.  Mandeville 1869  1881 

Miss  Josephine  Chapin 1869  1874 

Rev.  Enne  J.  Heeren 1872  1877* 

Mrs.  Aleida  Maria   (Vennema)    Heeren 1872  1877* 

Rev.  John  H.  Wyckoff 1874  1886 

Mrs.  Emmeline  F.  L.  (Bonney)  Wyckoff 1876  1886 

Henry  Martyn  Scudder,  Jr..  M.D 1876  1882 

Mrs.  Bessie  M.  Scudder 1876  1882* 

Miss  Julia  C.  Scudder 1879 

Rev.  John  W.  Conklin 1880 

Mrs.  Jane  Elizabeth  (Lindsley)  Conklin 1880  .... 

Rev.   Lambertus  Hekhuis,   M.D t88i  1888* 

Rev.  Ezekiel  C.  Scudder,  Jr 1882  1900 

Mrs.  Minnie  E.  (Pitcher)  Scudder 1882  1883* 

Mrs.  Mabel    (Jones)   Scudder 1889  1900 

Miss  M.  Kitty  Scudder 1883 

Rev.  William  I.  Chamberlain 1887 

Mrs.  Mary  (Anable)    Chamberlain 1891 

Rev.  Lewis  R.  Scudder,  M.D 1888 

Mrs.  Ethel  T.  (Fisher)  Scudder 1888 

Miss  Ida  S.  Scudder 1890  1894 


THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  265 

Mrs.  Mary  (Anable)  Chamberlain  (W.I.C.) 1891 

Rev.  Lewis  B.  Chamberlain 1891 

Mrs.  Julia  (Anable)   Chamberlain 1897 

Rev.  John  H.  Wyckoff,  D.D.  (2d  time) 1892 

Mrs.  Gertrude  (Chandler)  Wyckoff 1892 

Miss  Lizzie  von  Bergen 1893  1900 

Rev.  James  A.  Beattie 1894 

Mrs.  Margaret  (Dall)  Beattie 1894 

Miss  Louisa  H.  Hart,  M.D 1895 

Rev.  Henry  Huizinga 1896  li 

Mrs.  Susie  (Antve)ink)   Huizinga 1896  li 

Rev.  Henry  J.  Scudder  (2d  time) 1897 

Mrs.  Margaret  (Booraem)   Scudder 1897 

Mr.  Wm.  H.  Farrar 1897 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  (Walther)   Farrar 1897 

Rev.    Walter  T.   Scudder 1899 

Mrs.  Ellen  (Bartholomew)  Scudder 1899 

Miss  Ida  S.  Scudder,  M.D.  (2d  time) 1899 

Miss  Annie  E.  Hancock 1899 

*  Died. 

See  Historical  Sketch  of  The  Arcot  Mission,  by  Rev.  J.  W.  Scudder, 
M.D.,  1879. — Sketch  of  same,  by  Rev.  J.  H.  Wyckoff,  1886,  from  which  most 
of  the  above  is  taken. — Dr.  Chamberlain  is  now  preparing  a  new  history  of 
this  mission. 

THE  JAPAN  MISSION18  (1859). 
Nagasaki  was  the  birthplace  of  Protestant  missions  in  Japan.  The 
country  was  opened  to  foreigners  by  the  Treaty  of  1858.  Soon  after,  Dr. 
S.  Wells  Williams,  of  the  American  Board,  and  Rev.  E.  W.  Syles,  of  the 
Episcopal  Church,  visited  Nagasaki.  They  at  once  wrote  to  the  Episcopal, 
the  Presbyterian,  and  the  Reformed  churches  in  America,  urging  them  to 
send  missionaries  to  Japan.  Before  the  close  of  1859  missionaries  from 
these  three  churches  arrived.  Rev.  Dr.  Guido  F.  Verbeck  settled  at  Na- 
gasaki and  Rev.  Dr.  Samuel  R.  Brown  at  Yokohama.  With  him  was  D.  B. 
Simmons,  M.D.,  who,  however,  withdrew  from  the  mission  in  i860.  In 
1861  Rev.  James  H.  Ballagh  settled  at  Yokohama. 

EARLY  EXPERIENCES. 
The  opportunities  for  Christian  teaching  were  few.  The  people  were 
suspicious  of  foreigners;  preaching  was  not  allowed;  Christianity  was 
hated ;  and  edicts  of  the  government  forbade  the  people's  acceptance  of  it, 
imposing  sanguinary  penalties  on  all  the  subjects  of  the  empire  who  should 
disobey.  Besides  these  things  the  lack  of  knowledge  of  the  language  and 
habit  of  thought  of  the  Japanese  people  was  an  effectual  barrier  to  evan- 
gelistic effort.  The  principal  objects  of  the  first  few  years'  work,  therefore, 
were  the  acquisition  of  the  language  and  winning  the  confidence  of  the 
government  and  people  in  the  religion  and  aims  of  the  missionaries.  Dur- 
ing these  first  years  there  were  dangers  and  difficulties  unknown  to  later 


266 


THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 


times,  and  the  experiences  of  those  then  in  the  field  were  exceedingly 
trying.  From  the  beginning  individual  inquirers  were  instructed  in  the 
Bible  at  the  missionaries'  houses,  and  when  confidence  was  established, 
and  the  severity  of  the  operation  of  the  government  edicts  began  to  be 
relaxed,  small  Bible  classes  were  gathered.  The  first  baptism19  was  in 
1864,  and  there  were  two  in  1866.  Dr.  Verbeck,  whose  "History  of  Prot- 
estant Missions  in  Japan"  was  presented  to  the  Missionary  Conference  at 
Osaka  in  1883,  speaks  of  this  period  as  "the  period  of  preparation  and 
promise"  and  "with  the  exception  of  one  joyful  day  of  harvest  near  its 
close  a  time  of  learning  and  sowing." 

BIBLE  TRANSLATION. 

Like  other  early  missionaries,  those  of  the  Reformed  Church  attempted 
something  in  the  way  of  Bible  translation,  but  very  little  of  the  results  of 
this  early  work  was  published.  It  was  difficult  at  that  time  to  find  Japanese 
who  were  willing  to  publish  the  Christian  Scriptures  or  even  to  assist  in  the 
work  of  their  translation.  In  consequence  of  the  attitude  of  the  govern- 
ment toward  Christianity,  men  could  only  undertake  such  work  at  the  risk 
of  liberty  and  perhaps  of  life.20 

In  1865-66  Dr.  Brown  prepared  translations  of  some  portions  of  the  New 
Testament,  but  all  his  manuscripts  perished  in  the  fire  which  destroyed  his 
house  in  1867.  In  1867  Mr.  Ballagh  shared  with  others  the  work  of  pre- 
paring a  first  draft  of  the  Gospel  of  Matthew.  This  was  revised  and  pub- 
lished in  1873.  In  the  meantime  Dr.  Brown  had  assisted  in  the  revision  of 
the  Gospels  of  Mark  and  John,  which  were  published  in  1872.  After  this 
time  there  was  no  difficulty  in  arranging  for  the  publication  of  the  Scrip- 
tures or  of  any  other  Christian  books.  The  edicts  against  Christianity 
were  removed  from  the  notice  boards,  but  otherwise  the  government  did 
not  withdraw  its  proclamations;  nevertheless  it  tacitly  permitted  the  exten- 
sion of  Christianity  and  the  publication  of  any  books  which  were  directed 
to  this  end. 

Organized  effort  at  Bible  translation  was  begun  by  a  Convention  of  Mis- 
sionaries in  1872,  when  a  committee  was  appointed  to  translate  the  New 
Testament.  Dr.  Brown  gave  himself  almost  entirely  to  the  work  of  this 
committee  for  five  years.  Shortly  before  the  work  was  completed  he  was 
obliged  by  failing  health  to  cease  his  labors  and  return  t6  America,  where 
he  died  in  1880.  Dr.  Verbeck  left  Nagasaki  in  1869  and  entered  the  service 
of  the  Japanese  government.  He  rejoined  the  mission  in  1879,  and  devoted 
himself  largely  to  the  work  of  the  committee  appointed  by  the  Convention 
of  Missionaries  in  1878,  to  translate  the  Old  Testament  and  to  have  charge 
of  the  whole  future  work  of  Bible  revision.  The  completion  of  the  trans- 
lation of  the  entire  Bible  was  celebrated  in  February,  1888. 

THE  FIRST  CHRISTIAN  CHURCH.21 
The  way  was  prepared  for  the  organization  of  the  first  Christian  church 
by  long  and  faithful  labors  with  a  few  men  who  had  been  instructed  indi- 
vidually or  in  classes.     The  event  which  immediately  led  to  the  organiza- 
tion was  a  series  of  prayer  meetings.     "In  January,  1872,  the  missionaries 


THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  267 

at  Yokohama  and  English-speaking  residents  of  all  denominations  united 
in  the  observance  of  the  week  of  prayer.  Some  Japanese  students  con- 
nected with  private  classes  taught  by  the  missionaries  were  present  through 
curiosity  or  through  a  desire  to  please  their  teachers,  and  some  perhaps 
from  a  true  interest  in  Christianity.  It  was  concluded  to  read  the  Acts,  in 
course,  day  after  day,  and  that  the  Japanese  present  might  take  part  intel- 
ligently in  the  service,  the  Scripture  of  the  day  was  translated  extem- 
poraneously into  their  language.  The  meetings  grew  in  interest  and  were 
continued  from  week  to  week  until  the  end  of  February.  After  a  week  or 
two  the  Japanese,  for  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  the  nation,  were  on 
their  knees  in  a  Christian  prayer  meeting  entreating  God  with  great  emo- 
tion, with  tears  streaming  down  their  faces,  that  He  would  give  His  Spirit- 
to  Japan  as  to  the  early  church  and  to  the  people  around  the  Apostles. 
These  prayers  were  characterized  by  intense  earnestness."  (Address  of 
Rev.  J.  M.  Ferris,  D.D.,  at  the  Mildmay  Conference,  October,  1878.  Pro- 
ceedings of  the  Osaka  Conference,  page  52.)  As  a  direct  fruit  of  these 
prayer  meetings  a  church  was  organized  at  Yokohama,  March  10,  1872. 
It  consisted  of  nine  young  men  who  were  baptized  on  that  day  and  two 
men  of  middle  age  who  had  been  baptized  previously.  The  members 
chose  for  themselves  the  catholic  name  "The  Church  of  Christ  in  Japan." 
This  is  the  one  day  of  joyful  harvest  referred  to  near  the  beginning  of  this 
sketch,  the  forerunner  of  many  similar  days  experienced  in  the  later  history 
of  Christian  work  in  this  land. 

This  church,  now  known  as  the  Kaigan  Church,  has  had  a  career  of 
almost  uninterrupted  spiritual  prosperity. 

Mr.  Ballagh  was  the  acting  pastor  of  this  church  for  several  years,  and, 
under  his  supervision  and  through  his  efforts,  it  was  provided  with  the  first 
church  building  erected  in  Japan.  This  is  of  brick  and  seats  nearly  five 
hundred  people.  It  was  dedicated  July  10,  1875.  (The  sum  of  $1,000, 
contributed  by  native  Christians  in  the  Sandwich  Islands,  was  used  in  the 
erection  of  this  building.) 

THE  UNITED  CHURCH  OF  CHRIST  IN  JAPAN. 
From  very  early  times  it  was  earnestly  desired  that  the  separate  missions, 
although  representing  different  church  organizations,  should  labor  together 
for  the  establishment  of  one  Japanese  church,  which  should  have  no  organic 
connection  with  any  church  in  another  land.  The  subject  was  fully  dis- 
cussed at  a  convention  in  1872,  when  steps  were  taken  to  secure  similarity 
of  organization  in  the  churches  that  should  be  formed,  in  order  to  their 
union  in  one  body  when  the  proper  time  should  come.  It  was  not,  how- 
ever, until  1876  that  definite  action  was  taken  resulting  in  the  coming 
together  of  the  missions  of  the  churches  of  the  Presbyterian  order  in  one 
council.  These  missions  were  those  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America, 
the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  United  States  of  America,  North,  and  the 
United  Presbyterian  Church  of  Scotland.  The  purposes  of  the  union  at 
that  time  were  but  two,  viz.,  the  fostering  care  of  a  Japanese  church  and 
the  maintenance  of  a  theological  school.  In  all  other  matters  the  missions 
continued  their  separate  work. 


268  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

The  churches  under  the  care  of  these  missions  took  as  their  name  "The 
United  Church  of  Christ  in  Japan."  The  Doctrinal  Standards  were  the 
Westminster  Confession  of  Faith  and  Shorter  Catechism,  the  Heidelberg 
Catechism,  and  the  Canons  of  the  Synod  of  Dort.  The  form  of  govern- 
ment was  strictly  Presbyterian.  From  the  beginning  the  success  of  the 
union  was  assured.  This  is  testified  by  the  rapid  growth  of  the  church. 
At  the  date  of  the  organization,  Oct.  3,  1877,  there  were  eight  churches  and 
six  hundred  and  twenty-three  members.  These  were  united  in  one  Chu 
Kwai  (Classis).  By  1881  the  number  of  churches  had  increased  so  largely 
that  the  supervision  of  their  work,  the  examination  of  candidates  for 
licensure  and  ordination,  and  other  ecclesiastical  business,  required  more 
time  and  labor  than  one  Chu  Kwai  could  conveniently  give.  Some  of  the 
churches  also  were  situated  at  a  great  distance  from  the  original  center,  and 
the  time  consumed  in  traveling  made  even  the  two  stated  sessions  of  the 
year  a  great  burden.  In  this  year,  therefore,  the  original  Chu  Kwai  was 
divided  into  three,  and  the  Dai  Kwai  (Synod)  already  provided  for  in  the 
constitution  was  formed. 

In  1885  the  mission  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  United  States  of 
America,  South,  and  in  1886  that  of  the  Reformed  (German)  Church  in  the 
United  States  joined  the  Council.  In  1886  two  additional  Chu  Kwai  were 
formed.  It  should  be  mentioned  here  that  the  mission  of  the  Women's 
Union  Missionary  Society,  although  not  represented  in  the  Council  of 
United  Missions,  has  co-operated  with  the  United  Church  from  the  begin- 
ning, and  has  contributed  by  sympathy  and  labor  not  a  little  to  its  successful 
progress. 

At  the  close  of  1901  the  statistical  tables  showed  one  Dai  Kwai,  five  Chu 
Kwai,  sixty-one  churches,  8,690  members,  of  whom  7,551  are  adults,  and 
contributions  during  the  past  year  for  church  maintenance,  missionary 
work,  etc.,  which  exceed  $15,000  United  States  gold.  A  glance  at  the  map 
will  show  how  widely  the  churches  are  scattered  through  the  country. 

EVANGELISTIC  WORK. 

Systematic  evangelistic  work  by  our  mission  was  begun  in  1875  with  the 
assistance  of  Japanese  Christians.  The  restrictions  on  foreign  travel  be- 
yond the  narrow  limits  defined  in  the  treaties  were  a  serious  obstacle.  But 
as  opportunity  offered  the  work  was  carried  on.  The  measure  of  success 
and  the  rapidity  of  results  differed  greatly  in  different  places,  but  there  was 
some  measure  of  success  everywhere,  and  soon  stations  began  to  be  estab- 
lished and  churches  organized  in  widely  distant  parts  of  the  country. 

Later  the  co-operating  missions  united  a  large  part  of  their  evangelistic 
work  under  the  direction  of  an  Evangelistic  Committee.  This  was  chosen 
by  the  Council  and  included  some  of  the  missionaries  and  a  number  of 
Japanese  ministers  and  elders.  Some  important  parts  of  the  work  could 
not  be  brought  under  this  committee  on  account  of  their  distance  from 
Tokyo,  where  the  meetings  of  the  committee  were  held.  This  was  the  case 
with  all  that  work  which  centered  at  Nagasaki."  The  committee  continued 
its  work  for  two  years,  and  made  distinctly  apparent  the  benefit  of  the 
association  of  the  Japanese  brethren  with  the  missionaries  in  the  direction 


THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  269 

and  responsibility  of  the  work,  and  thus  prepared  the  way  for  a  great 
advance  in  the  development  of  the  United  Church. 

This  advance  was  made  in  1886  when  the  Dai  Kwai  organized  a  Mission 
Board  (Dendo  Kyoku),  and  directed  the  appointment  of  Mission  Commit- 
tees (Dendo  Iin)  in  the  different  Chu  Kwai.     Under  the  direction  of  these 
the  evangelistic  work  of  the  church  and  a  large  part  of  that  of  the  missions 
have  been  carried  on  to  the  present  time.     In  the  Board  and  in  each  com- 
mittee one-half  the  membership  is   foreign  and   one-half  Japanese.     The 
churches  are  urged  to  make  their  contributions  to  the  Board  monthly,  and 
the  missions  connected  with  the  Council  supplement  these  contributions  by 
the  gift  of  three  times  the  amount.     The  Board  makes  an  annual  appro- 
priation to  the  Chu  Kwai  Mission  Committees,  payable  in  monthly  instal- 
ments, and  these  committees  direct  the  work,  each  within  its  own  bounds. 
This  method  has  passed  beyond  the  period  of  experiment.     As  rapidly  as 
the  contributions  make  it  possible  for  the  committees  to  extend  their  labors 
the  missions  are  passing  their   separate  evangelistic  work  to  their  care. 
The  committees  meet  at  stated  times  to  receive  reports  from  the  ministers 
and  evangelists  in  their  employ,  settle  cases  of  difficulty,  arrange  for  popular 
"Lecture  Meetings,"  and  special  gatherings  for  preaching,  and  devise  ways 
and  means  for  the  more  effective  prosecution  of  their  work.     Among  the 
evident  advantages   of  this   arrangement   are   these:    The   foreigners   and 
Japanese  work  together  on  equal  terms  ;   the  leaders  in  the  work  of  the 
church  understand  and  confide  in  one  another  more  and  more  largely ;  the 
field  is  better  understood;  its  wants  are  more  easily  and  quickly  met;  the 
helpers  are  more  thoroughly  supervised  than  they  could  be  by  the  foreign 
missionary  alone,  and  the  church  is  educated  to  the  support  and  manage- 
ment of  the  work  of  evangelizing  the  empire. 

There  is  a  portion  of  our  mission's  evangelistic  work  that  has  not  been 
transferred  to  the  care  of  this  Mission  Board  and  these  mission  committees, 
viz.,  that  in  Ueda,  Nagoya,  Mishima,  Hota  and  their  vicinities.  In  all  these 
places  there  are  organized  churches,  and  some  of  them  present  unusual 
difficulties.  For  both  these  reasons  it  has  been  thought  best  that  they  re- 
main for  the  present  under  the  supervision  of  the  mission.  At  Morioka. 
also,  360  miles  north  of  Tokyo,  a  new  station  was  opened  in  1887,  and  Mr. 
Miller  removed  there  last  year  to  take  charge  of  it.  It  will  be  seen,  there- 
fore, that  while  the  church  is  encouraged  and  educated  to  care  for  evan- 
gelistic work  as  far  as  it  has  the  power  to  do  so,  the  scope  of  the  mission's 
separate  labors  is  in  no  way  restricted. 

EDUCATIONAL  WORK  AT  YOKOHAMA  AND  TOKYO. 
In  the  early  days  of  Christian  work  in  Japan  the  members  of  the  mission 
were  sometimes  engaged  in  teaching  in  the  government  schools.  Dr.  Ver- 
beck  was  so  engaged  at  Nagasaki  for  several  years,  and  on  his  removal  to 
Tokyo  was  the  government's  trusted  adviser  in  the  organization  of  the  Im- 
perial University,  of  which  he  was  the  first  Superintendent.  Dr.  Brown 
also  taught  in  the  government  school  at  Niigata  for  a  year,  and  after  his 
return  to  Yokohama  had  a  class  of  young  men  under  his  care  from  which 
have  come  some  of  the  most  trusted  ministers  of  the  United  Church,  and 


270  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

some  valued  assistants  of  missionaries  of  other  denominations.  The  care 
of  this  class  was  afterward  shared  by  several  members  of  the  mission,  and 
it  was  removed  to  Tokyo  in  1877  on  the  organization  of  the  Union  Theo- 
logical School.  During  the  following  year  an  effort  was  made  to  carry  on 
a  boys'  school  at  Yokohama,  but  the  Synod's  Board  could  not  supply  the 
means  for  sustaining  it  and  it  failed.  Professor  Martin  N.  Wyckoff  ar- 
rived in  1881  and  organized  a  school  known  as  the  Sen  Shi  Gakko.  This 
was  well  sustained  and  successful.  It  was  removed  to  Tokyo  two  years 
later  and  united  with  the  Tsukiji  Dai  Gakko  of  the  American  Presbyterian 
Mission,  the  two  becoming  the  Union  College. 

On  the  union  of  the  three  missions  in  1877  the  Union  Theological  School 
had  been  organized.  This  was  carried  on  for  nine  years  by  one  representa- 
tive from  each  of  the  three  missions. 

THE  MEIJI  GAKUIN. 

In  1886  the  educational  work  of  these  missions  was  further  uni- 
fied by  the  organization  of  the  institution  known  as  Meiji 
Gakuin ;  "Meiji"  being  the  name  of  the  era  of  the  present 
Emperor  and  meaning  "Enlightened  Government,"  and  "Gakuin" 
meaning  "a  hall  of  learning."  In  this  institution  the  Union  College 
became  the  Academic  Department,  and  the  Union  Theological  School  the 
Japanese  (i.  e.,  vernacular)  Theological  Department.  A  special  department  was 
added,  providing  instruction  through  the  medium  of  the  English  language 
in  theology  and  other  special  studies  for  the  graduates  of  the  Academic 
Department.  Gathering  wisdom  from  the  experience  of  three  years,  this 
plan  was  subsequently  modified,  so  that  there  are  now  but  two  departments 
in  the  Meiji  Gakuin,  viz.,  the  Academic  and  the  Theological.  The  instruc- 
tion in  the  Academic  Department  is  for  the  most  part  in  English,  and  that 
in  the  Theological  Department  in  either  English  or  Japanese  at  the  dis- 
cretion of  the  several  professors.  A  series  of  optional  post-graduate 
courses  has  been  provided  for  the  graduates  of  the  Academic  Department, 
to  which  the  theological  students,  ministers  residing  in  Tokyo,  and  others. 
are  to  be  admitted  subject  to  suitable  regulations. 

The  aim  of  the  Meiji  Gakuin  is  to  provide  for  its  students  a  thorough 
education  under  Christian  influences,  and  especially  to  train  young  men  for 
the  Christian  ministry.  Hebrew  is  not  taught,  and  in  Greek  instruction  has 
thus  far  been  given  only  in  the  elements.  Apart  from  these  studies  the 
curriculum  of  the  Theological  Department  does  not  differ  widely  from  that 
of  our  theological  seminaries  at  home. 

The  general  government  is  lodged  in  a  Board  of  Directors,  composed 
of  seven  foreign  and  seven  Japanese  members.  The  immediate  administra- 
tion is  under  the  faculties  of  the  two  departments. 

In  1887  Sandham  and  Hepburn  halls  were  built,  and  the  Academic  De- 
partment opened  its  full  term.  Sandham  Hall  contains  eight  class  rooms, 
besides  offices  and  a  chapel,  able  to  hold  300  people.  Hepburn  Hall  is  a 
dormitory  for  students  and  contains  60  rooms — for  120  students.  Harris 
Hall,  built  in  1888,  is  a  dormitory  for  theological  students.     There  are  also 


THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  2J1 

four  dwelling  houses  for  the  teachers.  The  library  now  (1901)  contains 
about  8,000  volumes. 

In  1891  Dr.  Hepburn  resigned  his  position  as  President,  which  he  had 
held  since  1887,  and  in  his  place  the  Rev.  Kajinosuke  Ibuka  was  elected  to 
the  post,  which  he  has  filled  so  well  and  so  acceptably  ever  since.  The  next 
year  the  institution  lost  the  services  of  Dr.  Amerman,  who  had  been  so 
closely  connected  with  it  and  had  done  so  much  for  it  from  the  beginning. 
He  has  left  a  record  in  the  number  of  works  translated  into  Japanese, 
chiefly  the  results  of  his  lectures  on  Systematic  Theology.  In  the  same  year 
Dr.  Knox,  who  also  had  done  efficient  work  as  a  teacher,  retired  to  return 
to  America.  The  Meiji  Gakuin  lost  severely  in  the  deaths  of  Professor 
Ishimoto,  who  was  studying  in  America  when  he  died,  and  of  Dr.  J.  C. 
McCauley,  of  the  Presbyterian  Mission. 

The  purpose  of  the  Academic  Department  is  not  only  to  give  a  good 
education,  but  to  add  instruction  in  the  truths  of  Christianity  and  to  en- 
deavor to  build  up  Christian  character.  There  is  a  Young  Men's  Christian 
Association,  and  some  of  its  members  teach  in  Sunday-schools. 

The  course  of  instruction  in  the  Theological  Department  includes  at 
present  the  following  subjects:  Old  Testament  Introduction,  History,  and 
Theology;  New  Testament  Introduction  and  Theology,  the  Life  of  Christ, 
and  Exegesis  of  the  Epistles;  Reading  in  English,  General  History,  History 
of  the  Church  and  History  of  Doctrine ;  Church  Polity,  Homiletics,  Ethics, 
Apologetics,  Philosophy  of  Religion,  and  Systematic  Theology.  A  course 
of  lectures  on  Pastoral  Theology  is  generally  delivered  by  one  of  the  Jap- 
anese pastors  in  the  city  or  neighborhood. 

All  the  students  are  during  the  term  engaged  in  religious  work  among 
the  different  churches  or  Sunday-schools  of  the  city;  some  of  them  regu- 
larly supply  preaching  stations  in  and  around  the  city. 

There  have  been  143  graduates  from  the  Meiji  Gakuin  Theological  De- 
partment, including  those  of  the  Union  Theological  School.  Of  these  78 
are  now  (1901)  in  the  service  of  the  Church  of  Christ  in  Japan,  and  12  in 
that  of  other  evangelical  churches.  Eight  (4  of  whom  are  included  in  the 
78)  are  teachers  in  Christian  schools.  Eleven  are  teachers  in  government 
or  other  schools.  Eleven  have  died;  15  are  in  other  callings;  of  12  the 
Meiji  Gakuin  has  no  knowledge. 

THE  FERRIS  SEMINARY. 
In  1870  Miss  Mary  E.  Kidder  began  teaching  at  Yokohama,  with  a  class 
of  four  pupils,  and  soon  after  opened  a  girls'  day  school  under  the  patron- 
age of  the  Governor  of  the  Port.  Before  the  close  of  1872  the  number  of 
pupils  was  22.  A  few  of  the  pupils  were  converted  and  the  school  was,  on 
the  whole,  satisfactory,  but  from  a  missionary  point  of  view  a  thoroughly 
successful  day  school  seemed  impossible.  The  parents  of  many  of  the  pupils 
resided  in  the  vicinity  but  a  short  time,  and  during  this  time  the  pupils 
were  in  the  school  only  a  portion  of  each  day.  There  was  little  hope,  there- 
fore, that  the  impressions  made  would  be  lasting.  A  boarding  school  was 
needed.  After  some  delay  the  lease  of  a  lot  of  ground  on  the  Bluff  at 
Yokohama   was   obtained    in    1874   and   a  school    building   erected.     Miss 


272  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IX    AMERICA. 

Kidder  had  been  married  in  July,  1873,  to  Rev.  E.  Rothesay  Miller,  and 
thenceforward  conducted  the  school  with  her  husband's  assistance.  An 
interesting  account  of  the  early  history  of  the  school  may  be  found  in  the 
"Manual  of  the  Missions  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America." 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Miller,  returning  to  America  on  furlough  in  1879,  resigned 
the  care  of  the  school  which  passed  to  Miss  E.  C.  Witbeck.  In  1881  Miss 
Witbeck  returned  to  America,  and  Rev.  Eugene  S.  Booth,  who  had  come 
from  Nagasaki  in  search  of  health,  undertook  the  care  of  the  school  at  the 
request  of  the  mission.  Prior  to  1881  the  number  of  pupils  in  attendance  at 
any  one  time  had  not  exceeded  40,  but  the  opportunity  of  broadening  the 
influence  of  the  school  was  presented  in  the  rapidly  growing  desire  among 
the  Japanese  people  for  the  education  of  women,  and  the  accommodations 
for  pupils  were  increased  by  the  enlargement  of  the  building  in  1882.  The 
number  of  pupils  soon  exceeded  a  hundred.  The  desire  for  still  further 
enlarging  the  work  was  placed  before  the  church  at  home  by  Mr.  Booth 
during  his  visit  to  America  in  1886,  and  funds  were  provided  for  the  pur- 
chase of  an  adjoining  lot  and  the  erection  of  an  additional  building.  This 
new  building.  Van  Schaick  Hall,  is  nearly  completed.  The  school  is  thus 
provided  with  a  much-needed  chapel,  additional  recitation  rooms,  and  dor- 
mitory accommodations,  and  can  soon  receive  about  two  hundred  boarders. 
The  grade  of  the  school  has  been  advanced  beyond  what  was  desirable  in 
the  former  period  of  its  history  and  is  fully  equal  to  that  of  any  other 
girls'  school  under  mission  direction. 

The  members  of  the  mission  engaged  in  the  Ferris  Seminary,  in  1901,  are 
Rev.  E.  S.  Booth,  Miss  Anna  DeF.  Thompson,  Miss  Julia  Moulton,  and 
Miss  Harriet  Wyckoff.  There  are  also  four  Japanese  teachers  and  four 
assistants. 

The  number  of  pupils  who  have  entered  the  seminary  up  to  igor  is  550, 
their  ages  ranging  from  6  to  18  years,  coming  mostly  from  the  middle  and 
upper  classes  of  society,  and  representing  nearly  every  province  in  the 
empire.     There  have  been  72  graduates. 

EDUCATIONAL  WORK  AT  NAGASAKI. 

Rev.  Henry  Stout  arrived  at  Nagasaki  in  1869,  just  prior  to  Dr.  Ver- 
beck's  removal  to  Tokyo,  and  for  more  than  three  years  engaged  in  teach- 
ing in  government  schools.  This  work  was  relinquished  as  soon  as  it  was 
thought  that  the  time  had  come  for  direct  mission  work,  and  a  boys'  school 
was  opened  at  the  mission  residence.  The  Bible  was  the  principal  text -book 
and  instruction  in  English  was  offered  as  an  inducement  for  young  men  to 
attend.  Mrs.  Stout  began  a  school  for  girls  also  at  the  mission  residence 
in  1873.  The  pupils  soon  became  so  many  that  they  could  not  be  accommo- 
dated. An  arrangement  was,  therefore,  made  by  which  both  these  schools 
were  removed  to  the  native  town.  In  the  course  of  a  few  weeks  about  50 
girls  and  30  boys  were  in  attendance.  Difficulties  soon  arose,  however,  on 
account  of  the  use  of  the  Bible,  and  the  Japanese  patrons  caused  the  school 
to  be  closed.  The  work  was  resumed  at  the  mission  residence.  Afterward, 
through  the  kindness  of  a  Christian  foreigner,  a  school  house  was  built  on 
the  mission  property  and  the  school  was  removed  to  it.23 


THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  2y3 

From  this  time  until  1886  school  work,  both  for  boys  and  girls  was  car 
ned  on  amid  alternations  of  hope  and  disappointment.  Toward  the  end  of 
1875  it  was  arranged  that  Rev.  Mr.  Wolff  should  take  charge  of  the  boys' 
school,  but  after  a  few  months  he  left  the  mission.  In  1881  Rev  Mr 
Booth  opened  a  boys'  school  and  Mr.  Stout  began  to  teach  a  theological 
class  of  four  students.  Two  of  these  are  now  most  effective  ministers  of 
the  Gospel.  Mr.  Booth's  removal  to  Yokohama  before  the  close  of  the  year 
left  all  the  work  where  it  was  before.  In  1884  Rev.  Mr.  Harris  took  up 
the  work,  but  he  was  transferred  to  Tokyo,  and  it  passed  to  the  care  of  Rev 
Mr.  Demarest,  who  gave  to  it  such  time  as  he  could  spare  from  other 
duties. 

THE  WILLIAM  H.  STEELE,  JR.,  MEMORIAL  SCHOOL 
Meantime,  the  Synod's  Board  had  received  from  its  President  a  gift  for 
he  establishment  of  the  William  H.  Steele,  Jr.,  Memorial  School,  and  under 
the  care  of  Rev.  Albert  Oltmans  and  Mrs.  Oltmans  (1886-89)  the  mission 
educational  work  for  boys  in  Nagasaki  began  a  career  of  prosperity.  In 
October,  1886,  there  were  19  students  on  the  roll.  Before  the  next  summer 
vacation  the  number  had  increased  to  40.  A  suitable  location  had  already 
been  chosen,  and  the  erection  of  buildings  for  class  rooms  and  dormitories 
begun.  These  were  formally  opened  in  the  autumn  of  1887.  A  gymnasium 
has  since  been  added  and  is  an  attractive  feature  of  the  institution  There 
are  two  departments,  a  preparatory,  which  comprises  a  two  years'  course 
and  an  academic,  which  comprises  a  four  years'  course.  The  school  has 
proper  accommodations  for  60  boarders,  but  just  now  70  find  room  bv 
crowding. 

Instruction  is  given  in  the  Academic  Department  in  English,  Japanese 
Chinese,  arithmetic,  and  some  other  common  English  branches,  as  geog' 
raphy  and  physiology.  There  is  daily  instruction  in  the  Bible  for  all  the 
students,  and  a  weekly  singing  class.  The  theological  classes  are  carried 
on  with  the  assistance  of  a  Japanese  minister.  Instruction  is  given  in  the- 
ology, sacred  and  church  history,  the  Bible,  homiletics,  and  singing      The 

^ll??.  StUdy  CXtends  thrOUgh  three  years-  The  theological  classes  and 
the  William  H.  Steele,  Jr.,  Memorial  School  are  under  one  faculty  In 
1892  the  name  was  changed  to  that  of  "Steele  College." 

STEELE  COLLEGE. 
Rev.  H.  Stout,  D.D.,  Acting  Principal,  Rev.  C.  M.  Myers,  and  five  native 
teachers  engaged  on  full  time,  and  three  others  for  special  lectures-  93 
pup.ls  on  the  roll,  5  in  the  Academic  Department  members  of  the  church- 
about  half  of  the  pupils  boarders;  27  graduates  from  the  Academic  Depart- 
ment, and  25  from  the  Theological  Department. 

PRINCIPALS. 

MVWA,r0IcmonS; 1886-1889 

Rev.M    Oghimi ^1896 

*6V-  £  peters ^^ 

RevH"  Stout 1800-.... 


274  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

THEOLOGICAL  DEPARTMENT. 

The  work  of  the  Theological  Department  has  been  mainly  in  the  hands  of 
Rev.  H.  Stout,  D.D.,  and  Rev.  A.  Segawa.  They  enjoyed  the  assistance  of 
Rev.  H.  Aoyama,  commissioned  by  the  Northern  Presbyterian  Mission, 
during  a  considerable  period,  and  that  of  Rev.  R.  B.  Grinnan,  of  the  South- 
ern Presbyterian  Mission,  during  Dr.  Stout's  absence  from  the  field  in 
1895-97.  Students  have  been  gathered  from  our  own  field,  Kyu  Shu,  and 
from  the  main  island,  as  far  north  as  Nagoya. 

During  Dr.  Stout's  absence  from  the  field  great  economic  changes  fol- 
lowing the  Japan-China  war,  and  the  rapid  development  of  Japan's  rail- 
road communications,  have  greatly  affected  this  work,  so  that  since  June, 
1897,  practically  no  candidates  for  the  ministry  having  presented  them- 
selves, the  department  has  been  in  suspension.  It  is  extremely  difficult  to 
say  what  the  future  has  in  store.  It  is  the  purpose  of  the  Board,  however, 
to  reopen  the  department  the  moment  circumstances  make  it  feasible.  In 
connection  with  the  earlier  theological  instruction,  and  that  given  as  a  de- 
partment of  Steele  College,  upwards  of  40  men  have  been  trained  for  work 
in  the  Master's  vineyard. 

THE  JONATHAN   STURGES   SEMINARY   FOR  GIRLS. 

The  Misses  Farrington  were  sent  to  Nagasaki  in  1878  and  began  teach- 
ing a  class  of  girls  with  the  hope  that  it  would  be  the  nucleus  of  a  school, 
but  they  were  obliged  by  sickness  to  relinquish  the  work  and  returned  to 
America  the  following  year.  As  far  as  time  and  strength  permitted,  Mrs. 
Stout  had  before  this  been  teaching  such  girls  as  she  could  gather  about  her, 
and  now  she  again  taught  a  small  class,  hoping  that  other  ladies  might  be 
sent  from  home  to  revive  the  school.  Several  years  elapsed  before  the 
expected  reinforcements  arrived,  and  then,  on  account  of  the  necessity  for 
studying  the  Japanese  language,  several  years  more  passed  before  anything 
could  be  done  beside  the  teaching  of  a  small  class.  In  1887  the  school 
building  for  the  Jonathan  Sturges  Seminary  was  completed,  and  in  Septem- 
ber the  school  was  opened  with  seven  pupils.  The  first  term  closed  in 
December  with  17  in  regular  attendance. 

In  1899  Mr.  M.  Saito  became  Principal;  Miss  A.  K.  Stryker,  Vice-Prin- 
cipal, in  charge  of  home  department ;  Miss  A.  B.  Stout,  teacher  of  English 
branches ;  five  native  teachers  engaged  on  full  time,  and  three  for  special 
lessons ;  60  pupils,  33  being  boarders ;  10  pupils  members  of  the  church  in 
full  communion,  and  2  others  baptized  in  infancy. 

WORK  FOR  WOMEN. 

The  ladies  connected  with  the  Ferris  and  Jonathan  Sturges  seminaries 
do  such  work  as  time  and  opportunity  allow  in  the  families  of  the  pupils. 

The  wives  of  our  missionaries  are  not  idle.  They  too,  whenever  pos- 
sible, have  their  Bible,  Sewing  and  English  classes,  generally  connected 
with  some  church  or  school  in  the  cities  where  they  reside.  Women's 
work,  however,  as  organized  and  provided  for  in  the  appropriations  of  the 
Board,  is  for  the  most  part  confined  to  the  Ferris  Seminary  at  Yokohama 
and  the  Jonathan  Sturges  Seminary  at  Nagasaki. 


THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  275 

GROWTH  TOWARD  SELF-SUPPORT. 

During  the  last  few  years  much  discussion  has  ranged  about  the  question 
of  self-support  and  the  relation  of  the  missionaries  to  the  native  church 
organization.  Without  going  into  a  special  consideration  of  these  questions, 
we  may  say  that  the  native  Christians  have  been  gradually  collecting  more 
and  more  money,  and  while  in  our  field  we  have  no  church  that  can  be 
called  really  self-supporting,  the  Nagasaki  church  approximates  it  closely. 
Native  Christians  are  beginning  to  realize  that  contribution  to  local  ex- 
penses is  a  reasonable  service  and  duty.  The  influence  of  the  Synod, 
classes,  and  church  papers,  too,  is  strongly  this  way. 

In  earlier  years,  while  the  native  church  was  still  in  swaddling  clothes, 
the  missions,  of  necessity,  did  all  the  thinking  and  planning  for  it.  With 
the  growth  and  development  of  the  church,  it  has  begun  to  assume  its  own 
responsibilities  and  discharge  its  own  proper  functions.  This  is  naturally 
a  time  when  difficult  questions  arise,  and  friction  often  develops.  In  this 
field  we  have  been  singularly  free  from  difficulties  of  this  order.  The 
mission  cares  for  nothing  more  than  an  advisory  relation,  in  matters  purely 
ecclesiastical,  and  this  the  native  church  freely  accords,  while  in  matters 
pertaining  to  our  educational  work  or  evangelism  pure  and  simple,  we  have 
constantly  enjoyed  the  sympathetic  co-operation  of  the  brethren  of  the 
native  church  organization. 

On  July  17,  1899,  the  last  restriction  to  free  residence  and  travel  in  the 
interior  was  removed.  But  on  Aug.  3,  1899,  the  Minister  of  State  for 
Education,  Count  Kabayama,  issued  over  his  signature  the  following  In- 
struction (12)  : 

"It  being  essential  from  the  point  of  view  of  educational  administration, 
that  general  education  should  be  independent  of  religion,  religious  instruc- 
tion must  not  be  given,  or  religious  ceremonies  be  performed,  at  Govern- 
ment schools,  public  schools,  or  schools  whose  curricula  are  regulated  by 
provisions  of  law,  even  outside  the  regular  course  of  instruction." 

On  the  16th  of  the  month  representatives  from  six  Christian  schools — 
Aoyama  Gakuin,  Azabu  Eiwa  Gakko,  Doshisha,  Rikkyo  Chu  Gakko,  Meiji 
Gakuin  and  Nagoya  Eiwa  Gakko — met  in  Tokyo  to  consider  what  steps 
eight  to  be  taken  by  them  in  reference  to  this  Instruction. 

Resolutions  were  passed  declaring  that  they  would  forfeit  their  licensed 
privileges  rather  than  give  up  their  Christianity.  At  the  same  time  a  rep- 
resentative committee  was  formed  who  were  to  see  the  Minister  of  Educa- 
tion and  see  if  relief  could  not  be  obtained  from  the  action  of  the  Instruc- 
tion. 

This  committee  subsequently  had  interviews  with  the  Minister,  Vice- 
Minister  and  Counsellor  of  the  Department;  but  the  relief  desired  was  not 
obtained.  The  only  concession  was  that  schools  might  hold  religious  exer- 
cises out  of  school  hours,  if  such  exercises  were  conducted  by  the  individual 
teachers  as  individuals,  and  not  by  the  schools  as  schools. 

The  action  of  this  committee  was  afterward  confirmed  by  a  Conference 
on  Educational  Matters  gathered  in  Tokyo  of  the  missionaries  from  all  over 
Japan.     Many  interesting  things  were  elicited  at  this  time,  and  the  conven- 


276  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA. 

tion  cordially  requested  the  committee  to  continue  to  act  as  the  representa- 
tive of  the  convention.  In  most  cases,  including  the  Meiji  Gakuin,  the 
schools  have  given  up  their  connection  with  the  government  system  for  the 
sake  of  the  principle  involved;  and  it  now  seems  likely  that  the  government 
will  make  a  special  announcement  which  will  indirectly  restore  to  them 
the  privilege  desired. 

LIST  OF  MISSIONARIES:  SOUTH  JAPAN  MISSION 

Arrived.        Retired. 

Rev.  G.  F.  Verbeck  and  Mrs.  Verbeck 1859  1869 

Rev.  Henry  Stout  and  Mrs.  Stout 1869  

Rev.  C.  H.  H.  Wolff  and  Mrs.  Wolff 1874  1876 

Miss  E.  F.  Farrington 1878  1879 

Miss  M.  J.  Farrington 1878  1879 

Rev.  E.  S.  Booth  and  Mrs.  Booth 1879  1881 

Rev.  N.  H.  Demarest  and  Mrs.  Demarest 1883  1890 

Rev.  H.  Harris  and  Mrs.  Harris 1884  1885 

Miss  C.   B.   Richards 1884  1885 

Miss  M.  E.  Brokaw 1884  1890 

Rev.  A.  Oltmans  and  Mrs.  Oltmans 1886  

Mrs.  R.  L.  Irvine 1887  1893 

Miss  C.  B.  Lanterman 1890  1892* 

Rev.  A.  Pieters  and  Mrs.  Pieters 1891  

Miss   S.   M.   Conch 1892  .... 

Rev.  H.  V.  S.  Peeke  and  Mrs.  Peeke 1893 

Miss  H.  M.  Lansing 1893  

Miss  M.  E.  Duryea 1893  1897 

Miss  Anna  K.  Stryker 1S97  .... 

Miss  A.  B.  Stout 1898  

Rev.  C.  M.  Myers 1899  

TEACHERS  EMPLOYED. 

Mr.  H.  V.  S.  Peeke 1888  1892 

Miss  A.  B.  Stout 1891  '1895 

Mr.  A.  A.  Davis 1896  1898 

LIST  OF  MISSIONARIES:  NORTH  JAPAN  MISSIONS. 

Went  out.    Retired. 

Rev.  S.  R.  Brown,  D.D.*  and  Mrs.  Brown* 1859  1879* 

D.  B.  Simmons,  M.D.*  and  Mrs.  Simmons 1859  i860 

Miss    C.   Adriance* 1859  i860 

Rev.  G.  F.  Verbeck,  D.D.*  and  Mrs.  Verbeck.. 1859  1898* 

Rev.  Jas.  H.  Ballagh  and  Mrs.  Ballagh 1861 

Miss  Mary  E.  Kidder  (Mrs.  E.  Rothesay  Miller) 1869  

Rev.  C.  H.  H.  Wolff*  and  Mrs.  Wolff 1871  1876 

Miss  S.  K.  M.  Hequembourg 1872  1874 

Miss  Emma  C.  Witbeck 1874  1882 

Rev.  E.  Rothesay  Miller 1875  

Rev.  J.  L.  Amerman,  D.D.  and  Mrs.  Amerman 1876  1893 


THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 


277 


1887 
1879 
1879 

1885 


1899 


Miss  Harriet  L.  Winn 

Miss  Elizabeth    F.    Farrington 

Miss  Mamie  J.  Farrington 

Rev.  Eugene  S.  Booth  and  Mrs.  Booth 1879 

Miss  Carrie  E.  Ballagh 1881 

Prof.  Martin  N.  Wyckoff,  Sc.D.,  and  Mrs.  Wyckoff. . . .     1881 

Miss  M.  Leila  Winn 1882 

Rev.  Howard  Harris  and  Mrs.  Harris 

Miss  Mary  E.   Brokaw 

Miss  Anna  DeF.  Thompson 

Miss  Mary  Deyo 

Miss  Julia  Moulton 1888 

Rev.  Jacob  Poppen,  Ph.D.,  and  Mrs.  Poppen 1896  1898 

Rev.  Frank  S.  Scudder  and  Mrs.  Scudder 1897  .... 

Mrs.  J.  D.  Schenck 1897  

Miss  Harriet  Wyckoff 1898  

*Deceased. 

See  Dr.  Verbeck's  History  of  Protestant  Missions  in  Japan,  1883.  Rev. 
Dr.  W.  J.  R.  Taylor's  Progress  and  Prospects  of  the  Gospel  in  Japan,  1883. 
Sketch  of  the  Japan  Mission,  by  Rev.  Jas.  L.  Amerman,  D.D.,  1889.  Sketch 
of  the  South  Japan  Mission ;  by  Rev.  Henry  Stout,  D.D.,  1894,  new  edition, 
enlarged,  1899.  Rev.  E.  S.  Booth's  Sketch  of  the  Ferris  Seminary,  1887. 
Sketch  of  the  North  Japan  Mission,  1901. 

THE  ARABIAN  MISSION   (1889). 

Interest  in  missions  was  especially  active  in  the  New  Brunswick  Semi- 
nary in  1888-9.  The  students,  James  Cantine  and  Philip  T.  Phelps,  of  the 
senior  class,  and  Samuel  M.  Zwemer,  of  the  middle  class,  decided  to  go 
to  the  foreign  field  and  to  enter  on  pioneer  work.  Upon  consultation 
with  Professor  Lansing,  they  chose  the  Mohammedan  world.  They  pro- 
posed that  this  new  work  should  be  supported  by  subscriptions  of  from  five 
dollars  to  two  hundred  by  individuals,  churches  or  other  organizations. 
These  first  subscriptions  were  to  run  for  five  years,  when  the  mission 
was  to  pass  under  the  direct  supervision  of  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions 
of  the  church.  The  plan  was  presented  to  the  General  Synod  of  1888.  It 
was  referred  to  the  consideration  of  the  Board,  but  the  Board  felt  unable 
to  assume  any  supervision  at  that  time  of  this  new  enterprise. 

The  mission  was,  however,  inaugurated  independently  on  Aug.  1,  1889.  It 
took  for  its  motto,  "Oh,  that  Ishmael  might  live  before  Thee!"  The  field 
chosen  was  Arabia.  A  Committee  of  Advice  from  four  of  the  contributors 
was  appointed.  Under  the  circumstances,  the  mission  was  undenomi- 
national. The  amount  needed  was  to  be  simply  the  amount  needed  to  equip 
and  support  the  missionaries  sent.  The  mission  was  incorporated  in  New 
Jersey  and  it  at  once  received  a  legacy  of  nearly  $5,000  from  Catharine 
Jane  Halstead. 

On  Oct.  1,  1889,  James  Cantine  was  ordained  by  the  Classis  of  Kingston. 
He  sailed  on  Oct.  16.  Samuel  M.  Zwemer  was  ordained  by  the  Classis  of 
Iowa  in  the  summer  of  1890  and  sailed  on  July  28.     These  two  pioneers 


27%  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH   IN    AMERICA. 

visited  Syria  and  from  there  went  to  Cairo  to  meet  Professor  Lansing, 
who  was  there  for  his  health.  On  Dec.  18  Cantine  left  Cairo  for  Aden,  and 
on  Jan.  8,  1891,  Zwemer  took  steamer  for  Suakim  to  consult  with  General 
Haig,  a  great  friend  of  missions  to  the  Mohammedans. 

The  two  missionaries  at  first  explored  southwestern  Arabia,  according 
to  General  Haig's  suggestions.  In  May,  1891,  Cantine  went  to  Muscat  and 
the  Persian  Gulf,  while  Zwemer  studied  the  possibilities  of  an  opening  in 
Yemen.  Cantine  visited  Bahrein  and  other  ports,  finally  going  on  to 
Busrah  and  Bagdad.  But  Busrah  (Bossora)  seemed  to  be  the  proper  place 
in  which  to  begin  operations.  An  English  physician  having  just  left  this 
field,  a  strong  plea  was  made  for  an  American  physician,  in  order  thus  to 
gain  the  attention  and  confidence  of  the  people.  In  January,  1S92,  C.  E. 
Riggs,  M.D.,  having  apparently  good  testimonials,  was  sent  out,  but  it  soon 
became  necessary  to  revoke  his  commission.  This  event,  with  the  illness 
of  Professor  Lansing,  and  a  decrease  in  the  subscriptions,  were  serious 
blows  to  the  work.  But  the  missionaries  on  the  field,  nothing  daunted, 
made  an  urgent  appeal  for  five  more  men,  and,  to  facilitate  matters,  asked 
the  reduction  of  their  own  salaries.  They  believed  that  the  best  way  to 
succeed  was  to  extend  the  work  and  trust  in  God.  In  December,  1892, 
Rev.  P.  J.  Zwemer  joined  the  mission.  Arrangements  were  also  now  made 
with  the  British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society  to  carry  on  their  Bible  work  in 
this  field. 

In  1893  Bahrein  was  occupied  as  a  second  station.  Within  a  year  200 
portions  of  Scriptures  had  been  sold.  Eastern  Arabia  was  now  also  visited, 
perhaps  for  the  first  time  in  recent  centuries,  by  a  Christian  missionary. 

On  Jan.  6,  1894,  James  T.  Wyckoff,  M.D.,  sailed  for  the  Arabian  field. 
He  visited  Constantinople  on  his  way  to  secure  a  Turkish  diploma  also,  to 
facilitate  his  work.  He  arrived  at  Busrah  in  March.  But  a  severe  attack 
of  sickness  compelled  his  speedy  relinquishment  of  the  field. 

In  December,  1893,  Peter  J.  Zwemer  visited  Muscat.  The  prospects  for 
work  in  Oman  were  so  encouraging  that  it  was  decided  he  should  occupy 
that  field.  During  the  summer  of  1894,  at  the  request  of  the  Mildmay  Mis- 
sion, Samuel  M.  Zwemer  made  a  journey  to  Sana  to  distribute  Hebrew 
New  Testaments  to  the  Jews.  While  on  this  journey  his  money  was  stolen 
and  he  was  arrested  by  the  Turks. 

After  many  difficulties  in  the  home  administration  of  this  mission  it  was 
finally  transferred  to  the  care  of  the  regular  Board  in  June,  1894.  The 
distinct  existence  of  the  old  corporation  was  still  preserved,  but  its  mem- 
bers, for  convenience,  are  chosen  from  the  members  of  the  regular  Foreign 
Board.  This  put  the  administration  of  the  Arabian  Mission  in  experienced 
hands.  In  1895,  after  seven  years  of  labor  in  Arabia,  Mr.  Cantine  visited 
America  on  furlough.  Rev.  S.  M.  Zwemer  was  now  transferred  to  Busrah, 
and  Bahrein  was  left  uncared  for.  The  enervating  character  of  the  climate 
caused  the  missionaries  great  discomfort,  while  at  the  same  time  touring 
was  rendered  impracticable  by  tribal  wars.  Muscat  was  captured  by  the 
Bedouins,  the  mission  house  was  looted,  and  Peter  J.  Zwemer  was  obliged 
to  take  refuge  with  the  British  Consulate.     The  Bible  work  at  Busrah  was 


THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  279 

also  stopped  by  Turkish  authority,  the  Bible  shop  was  closed,  and  the  col- 
porteurs arrested. 

The  arrival  of  Dr.  H.  R.  L.  Worrall,  on  April  21,  1895,  possessing  also  a 
Turkish  medical  diploma,  again  gained  the  hearts  of  the  people;  but  a 
severe  sickness  during  his  first  summer  on  the  field  interfered  with  the 
work.  But  Mr.  Cantine's  visit  to  America  had  excited  new  interest  for 
this  Arabian  mission.  During  the  same  year  a  new  station  was  opened  at 
Amara  and  there  were  some  earnest  inquirers. 

Work  for  the  women  of  Eastern  Arabia  was  begun  in  1896  by  Mrs.  S. 
M.  Zwemer.  She  had  left  the  mission  of  "The  Church  Mission  Society," 
at  Bagdad,  in  order  to  marry  Mr.  Zwemer.  First  at  Busrah,  then  at 
Bahrein  and  Kateef,  she  inaugurated  "woman's  work."  Extensive  tours 
were  also  now  made  by  Rev.  P.  J.  Zwemer  with  native  colporteurs.  One  of 
the  latter  visited  the  pirate  coast  of  Katar  and  sold  over  a  hundred  por- 
tions of  Scripture.  There  has  been  a  great  increase  in  these  sales,  80  per 
cent,  of  them  being  made  to  Moslems.  The  following  table  shows  this 
increase : 

1892 620 

1893 825 

1894 1,760 

1895 1 2,313 

1896 2,805 

1897 1,779 

1898 2,010 

1899 2,464 

1900 3,844 

In  the  autumn  of  1895  Mr.  Cantine  returned  to  the  field.  In  February, 
1896,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Zwemer  left  on  a  furlough.  Mr.  P.  J.  Zwemer  now 
started  a  school  of  18  African  slave  boys.  A  hand  press  also  now  began  to 
be  used,  and  a  little  tract  was  at  once  issued,  in  Arabic:  "Mohammed  or 
Christ— On  Which  Do  You  Rely?" 

At  Busrah  the  medical  work  brought  many  within  the  hearing  of  the 
Gospel.  Dr.  Worrall  also  began  work  at  Nasariyeh.  At  Amara  inquirers 
were  found. 

At  the  close  of  1897  Rev.  F.  J.  Barny,  supported  by  the  young  people  of 
Dr.  Burrell's  church  in  New  York,  arrived  on  the  field  and  began  the  study 
of  the  language.  In  1898  Rev.  P.  J.  Zwemer,  quite  broken  down  in  health, 
returned  to  America  and  died.  Four  new  missionaries  now  went  to  this 
field.  Miss  Margaret  Rice  (now  Mrs.  F.  J.  Barny)  and  Rev.  George  E. 
Stone  sailed  with  Mr.  and  Mrs.  S.  M.  Zwemer  on  their  return  in  August, 
1808.  Sharon  J.  Thorns,  M.D.,  and  Marion  Wells  Thorns,  M.D.,  of  the 
University  of  Michigan,  arrived  on  the  field  in  December,  1898.  But  Mr. 
Stone  died  on  June  26,  1899.  Since  then  Rev.  H.  J.  Wiersum  and  Rev.  J. 
E.  Moerdyk  have  gone  to  the  Arabian  field,  but  Mr.  Wiersum  died  in  1901. 
The  total  receipts  for  the  special  Arabian  Mission,  as  reported  in  1901,  were 
$9,377-39- 


28o 


THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 


MISSIONARIES  TO  ARABIA. 


Appointed.  Retired. 

Rev.  James  Cantine 1889  

Rev.  Samuel  M.  Zwemer 1890 

Mrs.  Samuel  M.  Zwemer 1895 

C.  E.  Riggs  M.D 1892  1893 

Rev.  Peter  J.  Zwemer 1892  1898* 

James  T.  Wyckoff,  M.  D 1894  1894 

H.  R.  L.  Worrall,  M.D 1895 

Mrs.  Emma  (Hodge)   Worrall,  M.D 1901  .... 

Rev.  F.  J.  Barney 1897  .... 

Mrs.  F.  J.  Barney 1898  

Rev.  George  E.  Stone 1898  1899* 

Sharon  J.  Thorns,  M.D 1898  

Mrs.  Sharon  J.  Thorns,  M.D 1898  

Rev.  H.  J.  Wiersum 1899  1901* 

Rev.  J.  E.  Moerdyk 1900  .... 

*  Deceased. 

See  Sketch  of  Arabian  Mission,  by  Rev.  S.  M.  Zwemer,  1901,  and  the 
frequent  reports  from  the  fields. 


^'The  Archives  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam"  preserves  all  this  East  Indian 
correspondence.  See  also  Van  Troostenberg's  "De  Hervormdekerk  in  Neder- 
landsche  Oost  Indie,"  1884. 

2The  writer  made  inquiry  for  this  copy  of  Eliot's  Indian  Bible  when  in  Hoi. 
land  in  1S97,  and  learned  this  fact. 

3See  Anderson's  "Annals  of  Colonial  Ch.";  Humphrey's  "Hist.  Col.  Ch."; 
"Doc.  Hist.  N.  Y.,"  vol.  iii.,  pp.  591,  598,  698,  etc.;  "Classified  Digest  of  the 
Records  of  the  Soc.  for  Prop.  Gospel,"  London,  1894. 

4The  volume  for  1S00  contains  480  pages,  and  is  the  principal  authority  for 
facts  about  the  founding  of  the  N.  Y.  Missionary  Society. 

"Still  to  be  had  of  the  Tract  Society. 

""Minutes  General  Synod,"  1816,  pp.  16,  17;  1817,  pp.  6,  39,  40;  1818,  p.  37. 

7In  1821  Dr.  Milledoler  makes  a  covenant  with  the  Osage  Indians  on  the 
Missouri  to  receive  a  missionary.  ("Missionary  Herald,"  1821,  p.  26.) 

•"Minutes  General  Synod,"  1826,  pp.  58-61;  1827,  pp.  74-77. 

""Minutes  General  Synod,"  1831,  pp.  380-1. 

""Minutes  General  Synod,"  1832,  pp.  88-90. 

""Minutes  General  Synod,"  1832,  pp.  138-141. 

""Minutes  General  Synod,"  1832,  p.  232. 

13There  are  two  or  three  copies  of  this  sermon  in  the  Sage  Library,  bound 
up  with  other  pamphlets.  It  was  also  now  published  in  the  "Christian  In- 
telligencer," about  1836. 

"See  "Minutes  General  Synod,"  1857,  pp.  223-236. 

"See  Constitution  of  Board  of  Foreign  Missions,  R.  P.  D.  C,  with  Rules  of 
Business,  1857.  Also  "Manual"  of  the  Board  of  Missions,  for  the  Use  of  Mis- 
sionary Candidates  and  Missionaries  under  Appointment,  1885.  Also,  Report 
of  Board,  1897,  after  forty  years'  separate  action. 

"See  the  successive  numbers  of  "The  Missionary  Link,"  for  the  history  of 
the  "Woman's  Union  Missionary  Society  of  America  for  Heathen  Lands." 
Sketch  of  life  of  Mrs.  Doremus  in  the  number  for  March,  1877.  Many  of  the 
Reformed  Churches  had  Societies  connected  with  this  Union  Society  before 
the  Woman's  Board  of  the  Church  was  organized.  See  also  Dr.  Jas.  I.  Good's 
"Famous  Women  of  the  Refd.  Church,"  1901,  for  a  sketch  of  Mrs.   Doremus. 


THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  281 

"Amoy  was  one  of  the  five  treaty  ports  opened  by  the  Treaty  of  Nankin, 
Aug,    ^y,    1842. 

^See  the  several  works  of  Rev.  Dr.  Wm.  E.  Griffis  on  Japan. 
See  account  of  this  first  baptism  in  "Sketch  of  South  Japan  Mission  "  1899 
pp.  7,  8,  9;  and  "North  Japan  Mission,"  1901,  pp.  16,  17;   also  "Mrs.  Sanester's 
Manual  of  the  Missions  of  R.  C.  A.,"  1887. 

20See  Rev.  Dr.  J.  M.  Ferris's  article  on  "Japan"  in  "Manual"  of  1879,  pp  144- 
148,  for  early  facts  connected  with  this  Mission.  Also  "Sketch  of  South  JaDan 
Mission,"  1899,  pp.  5-7. 

^See  "History  of  North  Japan  Mission,"  1901,  pp.  17,  18,  19,  23,  24-  and  of 
South  Japan  Mission,"  1899,  p.  13. 

22See  account  of  this  work  in  "Sketch  of  South  Japan  Mission,"  1899,  pp.  23- 
25,  31. 

^See  "Sketch  of  South  Japan  Mission,"  1899,  pp.  14-19. 


282  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 


CHAPTER  XX. 

THE  ALLIANCE  OF  THE  REFORMED  CHURCHES  THROUGH- 
OUT THE  WORLD  HOLDING  THE  PRESBYTERIAN 
SYSTEM. 

By  Rev.  Wm.  Henry  Roberts,  D.D.,  LLD.,  American  Secretary. 

The  idea  of  an  organization  including  the  several  national  churches  of 
the  Protestant  Reformation  was  a  favorite  thought  of  many  of  the  leading 
reformers.  The  idea  found  expression  in  their  mutual  correspondence,  and 
also  at  times  in  the  acts  of  the  governing  bodies  of  several  of  the  churches. 
This  desire  for  united  action,  among  other  causes,  led  to  the  Synod  of 
Dort,  called  by  the  States  General  of  Holland,  which  met  at  Dort  in  that 
country,  1618-19,  and  to  which  invitations  were  extended  to  all  the  Prot- 
estant churches  of  Europe.  The  majority  of  these  churches  were  repre- 
sented at  the  Synod  by  delegates,  five  of  whom  were  from  the  Church  of 
England.  The  Westminster  Assembly  also,  held  at  London,  1643-52,  was 
in  part  representative  of  the  spiritual  unity  of  the  Reformed  churches,  for 
commissioners  were  appointed  or  invited  to  it  from  the  churches  of  Scot- 
land, Ireland,  and  New  England,  as  well  as  England. 

A  little  after  the  middle  of  the  nineteenth  century  influential  Presby- 
terians in  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States,  among  whom  were  Rev.  Dr. 
James  McCosh,  President  of  Princeton  University,  and  Rev.  Dr.  William 
Garden  Blaikie,  of  Edinburgh,  suggested  the  formation  of  a  general  organ- 
ization which  should  include  all  the  Reformed  churches  wherever  found. 
Official  action  in  harmony  with  the  suggestion  was  taken  in  1873,  both  in 
Great  Britain  and  the  United  States.  In  1874  meetings  preliminary  to 
organization  were  held  at  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  and  at  New  York  City.  At 
the  New  York  meeting  representatives  of  seven  churches  were  in  attend- 
ance with  the  Rev.  Dr.  John  Hall  as  Chairman.  Both  meetings  approved  of 
the  calling  of  a  joint  preliminary  gathering  of  delegates  from  British,  Con- 
tinental, and  Colonial  churches,  to  be  held  in  London  in  1875,  and  if  the 
way  should  be  clear,  to  adopt  a  constitution  and  make  other  preparations 
for  the  first  meeting  of  a  General  Council.  The  Council  thus  arranged  for 
was  held  on  July  3,  1877,  at  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  and  there  were  present 
220  delegates,  representing  43  denominational  and  national  churches.  The 
General  Councils  since  the  first  have  been  held  as  follows :  At  Philadel- 
phia, Pa.,  1880;  Belfast,  Ireland,  1884;  London,  England,  1888;  Toronto, 
Canada,  1892;  Glasgow,  Scotland,  1896,  and  Washington,  D.  C,  1899.  The 
proceedings  of  the  Councils  have  been  published  in  seven  octavo  volumes. 

The  constitution  of  the  alliance  admits  to  membership  "any  church  or- 
ganized on  Presbyterian  principles  which  holds  the  supreme  authority  of 
the  Scriptures  of  the  Old  and  New  Testaments  in  matters  of  faith  and 


THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  283 

morals,  and  whose  creed  is  in  harmony  with  the  consensus  of  the  Re- 
formed confessions."  It  also  provides  for  meetings  of  the  Council  at 
regular  intervals,  usually  four  years ;  indicates  the  powers  of  the  Council, 
and  specifies  the  various  objects  for  which  united  effort  is  to  be  put  forth, 
among  which  are  to  be  specially  noted  the  work  of  evangelization,  the  com- 
mendation of  the  Presbyterian  system  as  Scriptural,  the  religious  use  of  the 
press,  and  the  best  methods  of  promoting  moral  reforms.  The  Council, 
however,  has  no  power  to  "interfere  with  the  existing  creed,  or  constitution, 
of  any  church  in  the  alliance  or  with  its  internal  order  or  external  relations." 
The  purpose  of  the  alliance  may  be  briefly  put  in  the  phrase  "co-operation 
without  incorporation." 

During  the  intervals  between  Councils  the  business  of  the  alliance  was 
first  conducted  by  general  committees  responsible  only  to  the  Council.  At 
the  meeting  at  Belfast,  in  1884,  an  Executive  Commission  was  constituted, 
divided  into  two  sections,  one  for  the  American  and  the  other  for  the  re- 
maining four  continents.  They  are  called  the  Western  and  Eastern  sec- 
tions, respectively,  and  each  has  its  own  chairman  and  secretary.  The 
powers  of  this  Executive  Commission  are  of  a  limited  nature,  and  the  body 
is  subject  to  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Council.  The  officers  of  the  Council 
are  a  President,  who  is  the  President  of  the  alliance,  and  two  secretaries, 
the  one  general  and  the  other  the  American  secretary,  who  are  secretaries 
of  the  alliance.  These  secretaries  are  also  the  stated  and  premanent  clerks 
of  the  Council,  and  perform  in  addition  the  duties  respectively  of  secre- 
taries of  the  Eastern  and  Western  sections. 

The  following  ministers  have  been  Presidents  of  the  alliance : 

1.  Rev.  W.  G.  Blaikie,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  of  the  Free  Church  of  Scotland 
(1888-92),  who  presided  at  the  Toronto  Council. 

2.  Rev.  Talbot  W.  Chambers,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  of  the  Reformed  Church  in 
America  (1892-96).     Dr.  Chambers  departed  this  life  while  in  office. 

3.  Rev.  Wm.  H.  Roberts,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the 
U.  S.  A.  (1896),  who  was  chosen  as  the  successor  of  Dr.  Chambers  and 
presided  at  the  Glasgow  Council. 

4.  Rev.  J.  Marshall  Lang,  D.D.,  of  the  Church  of  Scotland  (1896-99),  who 
presided  at  the  Washington  Council. 

5.  Rev.  William  Caven,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  Can- 
ada (1899),  to  date. 

The  general  secretary  of  the  alliance  is  the  Rev.  George  D.  Mathews, 
D.D.,  of  London,  England,  and  the  American  secretary  is  Rev.  Wm.  H. 
Roberts,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

The  constituency  of  the  alliance  now  (1902)  consists  of  more  than  80 
national  and  denominational  churches,  found  on  all  the  six  continents.  It 
is  estimated  that  the  members  and  adherents  of  the  Presbyterian  and  Re- 
formed churches  of  the  world  number  about  25,000,000  persons.  Some  of 
the  national  Reformed  churches  on  the  Continent  of  Europe  are  not  con- 
nected with  the  alliance,  owing  mainly  to  their  legal  relations  to  the  States 
in  which  they  are  found. 

The  results  and  influence  of  the  alliance  may  be  briefly  stated  as  follows : 

The  alliance  has  brought,  into  practical  sympathy  and  mutual  beneficial 


284  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 

relations,  Christian  churches  scattered  throughout  the  world,  maintaining  in 
general  the  same  type  of  Reformed  doctrine  and  the  Presbyterian  form  of 
government. 

Recent  movements  toward  co-operation  and  union  in  mission  work  in 
various  heathen  countries  have,  in  large  part,  been  the  result  of  the  influ- 
ence of  the  alliance,  and  it  can  be  said  that  in  all  foreign  mission  work  it 
has  established  closer  relations  between  the  workers. 

It  has  also  brought  a  potent  influence  to  bear  upon  civil  governments  in 
various  parts  of  the  world,  in  the  interests  of  humanity  and  of  peace. 

Above  all,  the  Presbyterian  and  Reformed  churches  of  the  world,  as  true 
children  of  the  Reformation,  have  been  enabled  by  the  alliance  to  make 
themselves  distinctly  felt  as  a  great  power  in  the  life  and  progress  of  the 
church  universal.  They  represent  the  great  principles  which  are  funda- 
mentally connected  with  the  progress  and  maintenance  of  civil  and  relig- 
ious liberty,  stand  for  the  spiritual  welfare  of  mankind  in  a  notable  and 
hopeful  manner,  and  their  ministers  and  members  are  found  in  all  important 
countries.  There  is  but  one  other  communion  which  is  geographically  as 
extensive,  and  may  claim,  therefore,  visible  universality.  Side  by  side  on 
every  Continent  stand  the  Romanist  and  the  Reformed;  the  teacher  face 
to  face  with  the  priest;  the  open  Bible  in  opposition  to  the  Confessional; 
liberty  opposing  tyranny ;  the  obedience  of  Christ  confronting  the  obedience 
of  Rome.  Before  the  alliance  and  its  churches  (constituting  a  true  ecu- 
menical branch  of  the  church  universal)  opens  out  a  future  of  world-wide 
service  to  the  true  interests  of  mankind,  both  for  time  and  eternity. 


THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  285 


CHAPTER  XXI. 
SPECIAL  FEATURES  AND   RELATIONS. 

The  Reformed  Church  in  America  has  been  noted  for  its  conservatism 
in  doctrine.  It  perhaps  represents  old-fashioned  orthodoxy  as  well  as,  if 
not  better  than,  any  other  denomination.  Nevertheless,  it  has  ever  been 
most  liberal  in  its  relations  with  other  churches.  It  cheerfully  recognizes 
all  evangelical  Christians  as  brethren  in  Christ.  It  has,  during  the  past 
century,  sent  corresponding  delegates  or  letters  to  no  less  than  30  different 
Synods,  or  Assemblies.  While  taking  repeatedly  very  decided  action  in 
support  of  the  Federal  Union  (1861-65),  it  was  the  first  to  send  a  corre- 
sponding delegate  to  the  Presbyterian  Church  (South)  when  the  war  was 
ended.  It  has  ever  been  among  the  foremost  in  organizing  and  supporting 
all  the  great  union  societies  for  evangelistic  publication  or  work. 

Its  type  of  Presbyterianism  has  some  admirable  features  of  its  own.  The 
term  of  office  of  its  elders  and  deacons  is  only  for  two  years,  although  they 
may  be  re-elected ;  but  the  elder  retains  the  honor  of  his  office  for  life,  and 
may  at  any  time,  though  not  in  the  Consistory,  become  a  delegate  to  the 
Synods  of  the  church.  The  acting  Consistory  may  also  call  together  all 
former  elders  and  deacons,  as  a  Great  Consistory,  for  consultation  on  im- 
portant matters.  The  members  of  the  Consistory  are  also  generally  the 
trustees  of  the  property.  This  prevents  conflicting  views  between  the 
spiritual  and  temporal  officials  of  the  church.  The  church  has  also  an 
elaborate  liturgy,  which  may  be  used  or  not  at  the  option  of  the  minister. 
The  forms  for  the  administration  of  baptism  and  the  Lord's  Supper  are, 
however,  obligatory.  Either  mode  of  baptism  is  allowed,  although  but  one 
is  commonly  employed.  In  order  to  avoid  neglecting  any  part  of  divine 
truth,  ministers  are  required  to  explain  the  system  of  doctrine  contained  in 
the  Heidelberg  Catechism,  so  as  to  go  over  the  entire  system  once  in  four 
years.  This  system,  however,  is  not  dogmatic,  but  experimental  and  prac- 
tical. It  presents  the  fact  and  the  cause  of  man's  misery,  the  method  of 
redemption,  and  the  gratitude  which  is  due  to  God  therefor.  This  cate- 
chism, constructed  on  such  a  basis,  and  emphasizing  especially  the  comfort 
to  be  derived  from  all  the  great  facts  of  Christianity,  is  one  which  evan- 
gelical Christians  of  all  creeds  could  subscribe.  There  has  never  been  any 
change  in  the  standards  of  doctrine  since  the  Synod  of  Dort  (1619),  yet 
perfect  liberty  of  investigation  is  allowed  and  encouraged.  The  standards 
and  liturgy  were  not  fully  translated  into  English  for  use  in  America  until 
1767,  although  translations,  not  very  well  known,  had  existed  in  England 
previously.  In  the  same  year  an  English  psalm-book  was  published,  with 
the  music,  the  plates  for  the  latter  having  been  prepared  in  Holland.  Con- 
stant improvements  in  the  hymnology  of  the  church  have  been  made,  so  as 
to  keep  abreast  of  the  times.     In  1813  a  revised  edition  of  the  Psalms  was 


286 


THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 


published,  without  music,  and  with  the  addition  of  172  hymns.  Additional 
books  of  hymns  have  been  added  from  time  to  time,  and  these  have  been 
several  times  combined  together  and  reclassified.  During  the  last  twenty- 
five  years  several  new  entire  books  of  hymns  have  been  adopted,  until  now 
the  hymns  indorsed  by  the  General  Synod  in  one  book  or  another  include 
almost  all  the  important  evangelical  hymns  before  the  public. 

The  church  has  always  prized  a  learned  ministry.  She  was  the  first  of 
the  denominations  of  the  land  to  appoint  a  theological  professor  (1784) 
and  establish  a  theological  seminary.  She  also  ever  cordially  welcomes 
ministers  of  other  denominations,  many  of  whom  are  called  to  her  pulpits. 
All  her  ministers  are  recognized  by  her  constitution  as  bishops  in  the 
church  of  God.  The  use  of  the  Dutch  language  for  too  long  a  period  in 
her  pulpits  undoubtedly  drove  many  of  her  children  into  the  Presbyterian 
and  Episcopal  churches.  As  early  as  1730  David  Abeel,  of  New  York, 
presented  a  petition  with  many  signatures  for  English  services,  in  part,  in 
the  church  of  New  York,  but  the  effort  was  not  successful.  English  was 
not  introduced  in  that  church  until  a  generation  later  (1763),  which  even 
then  brought  on  a  disastrous  lawsuit.  Dutch  preaching  lingered  on  in  many 
of  the  rural  parishes  until  about  1820.  Then  for  a  quarter  of  a  century  its 
tones  were  seldom  heard  in  the  pulpit ;  but  with  the  recent  new  immigration 
to  Michigan  and  other  states  the  Dutch  language  has  again  revived,  and  in 
the  two  denominations  existing  in  the  West  is  probably  now  used  in  the 
pulpits  of  200  churches. 

In  1696,  the  year  in  which  the  first  church  charter  was  secured,  the 
churches  were  only  23  in  number  and  the  ministers  only  9.  During  the 
next  25  years  there  was  a  slow,  natural  increase  of  population,  the  churches 
increasing  to  40  and  the  ministers  to  13.  In  1740  the  ministers  were  20 
and  the  churches  65.  In  1755,  when  the  Ccetus  assumed  the  powers  of  a 
Classis,  the  ministers  were  28  and  the  churches  73.  At  the  union  of  the 
parties  in  1772  the  ministers  were  41  and  the  churches  100.  The  Revolu- 
tionary War  being  mainly  on  the  territory  of  the  Dutch  Church,  the  church 
suffered  not  a  little,  both  materially  and  morally.  At  the  adoption  of  the 
constitution  in  1792  there  were  only  40  ministers  and  116  churches.  Dur- 
ing the  early  years  of  the  nineteenth  century  a  number  of  churches  were 
organized  in  Canada,  but  the  War  of  1812  scattered  them.  In  1821  there 
were  129  ministers  and  187  churches.  In  1841  there  were  234  ministers  and 
253  churches,  with  about  24.000  communicants.  It  was  not  until  1845  that 
the  number  of  ministers  and  churches  became  equal — 275  ministers  and  274 
churches.  The  communicants  now  numbered  nearly  33,000.  From  this 
time  there  was  a  more  steady  increase.  About  1846  the  new  immigration 
of  Hollanders  to  the  West  began.  In  1855  the  churches  were  364,  the  min- 
isters 348,  the  communicants  39,000,  and  benevolent  contributions  about 
$78,000.  In  1865  the  churches  were  427,  the  ministers  436,  the  number  of 
communicants  more  than  54,000,  the  benevolence  $225,000,  and  the  moneys 
reported  for  congregational  purposes  not  quite  $500,000.  At  the  time  of  the 
national  centennial  (1876)  the  churches  had  increased  to  506,  the  ministers 
to  546,  the  communicants  to  nearly  75,000 ;  benevolence  is  reported  at  only 
$210,000  (against  $282,000  of  1S75).  and  moneys  contributed  for  congrega- 


THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  287 

tional  purposes  at  nearly  $873,000.  In  1901  the  churches  are  reported  at 
654,  the  ministers  716,  the  communicants  nearly  11 1,000,  the  benevolence 
about  $380,000,  and  moneys  for  congregational  purposes  at  $1,165,216. 

UNION  OR  FEDERATION. 

It  is  a  truth  to  which  all  Christians  will  agree,  that  divisions  in  the 
church  of  Christ,  so  far  as  they  are  detrimental  to  the  success  of  the  king- 
dom of  Christ  in  this  world,  must,  sooner  or  later,  be  healed.  The  great 
division  of  the  Greek  and  Latin  churches  yet  continues,  notwithstanding 
repeated  attempts  at  reconciliation.  In  1683  an  earnest  attempt  was  made 
by  Leibnitz,  Moranus,  and  Spinola  to  reunite  the  Roman  and  Protestant 
churches,  but  after  ten  years  of  negotiations  the  effort  was  abandoned. 
Many  letters  passed  back  and  forth  between  the  continental  and  British 
Reformers  to  unite  the  Reformed  churches.  Professor  Hermann  Witsius 
drew  up  a  plan  for  this  purpose  for  William  III,  but  nothing  came  of  it. 
In  1743  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  sought  to  bring  about  a  union  of  the 
Dutch,  the  German,  and  the  Presbyterian  churches,  but  without  success. 
In  1783  Dr.  Livingston  expressed  the  desire  that  some  genius  equal  to  the 
task  would  arise,  to  draw  a  plan  for  uniting  all  the  Reformed  churches  in 
America  into  one  national  church.  Notwithstanding  the  seeming  difficulties 
in  the  way,  "I  humbly  apprehend,"  says  he,  "this  will  be  practicable;  and 
I  yet  hope  to  see  it  accomplished."  In  1784  efforts  began  to  be  made  to 
promote  friendly  correspondence  between  the  Presbyterian,  the  Associate 
Reformed,  and  the  Dutch  Reformed  churches  in  America.  Committees 
met,  and  articles  of  agreement  were  drawn  up  in  1785,  and  new  articles  in 
1800.  Friendly  letters  and  visits  of  delegates  were  exchanged  for  several 
years,  but  this  was  all.  In  1816  special  efforts  were  renewed  to  unite  the 
Associate  Reformed  and  the  Dutch  Reformed  in  closer  bonds,  and  in  1820 
to  unite  them  together  under  the  name  of  the  Reformed  Protestant  Church 
in  North  America.  The  standards  of  the  two  churches  were  adopted,  and 
individual  congregations  were  to  be  allowed  their  own  customs  and  usages. 
Two-thirds  of  the  Classes  were  in  favor  of  this  union;  but  in  1821  the 
Associate  Reformed  Church  declined  to  press  the  subject  further.  Dele- 
gates and  letters,  more  or  less  frequently,  were  exchanged  in  subsquent 
years. "" 

In  1822  new  articles  of  correspondence  were  drawn  up  between  the  Pres- 
byterian and  Dutch  churches,  and  delegates  have  passed  back  and  forth 
almost  every  year  now  for  about  80  years.  In  1873-78  earnest  efforts  were 
made  to  bring  about  a  union  of  the  Presbyterian  churches,  North  and 
South,  and  of  the  German  Reformed  Church  with  the  Dutch  Church,  but 
without  success. 

In  reference  to  the  Presbyterian  Church  (South),  however,  a  plan  of  co- 
operation was  formulated  which  related  to  publication,  home  missions, 
foreign  missions,  and  education.  It  was  hoped  that  the  Reformed  Church 
would  take  special  interest  in  the  evangelization  of  the  colored  people 
through  the  agencies  of  the  Southern  church.  The  only  practical  result 
finally  reached,  however,  was  co-operation  on  the  foreign  field. 


288 


THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA. 


Besides  the  effort  for  union  with  the  German  Reformed  Church  made  by 
the  Cassis  of  Amsterdam  in  1743,  the  Coetus  party  made  overtures  to  that 
body  for  union  in  1762.  In  1770  Queen's  College  was  located  at  New  Bruns- 
wick, partly  for  the  reason  that  it  would  be  more  convenient  for  students  of 
the  German  churches  in  Pennsylvania ;  and  the  names  of  two  German  min- 
isters, Wyberg  and  Du  Bois,  were  put  among  its  first  incorporators.  At 
the  first  meeting  of  the  Dutch  General  Synod,  in  1794,  union  with  the 
German  Church  was  looked  forward  to  as  a  desirable  consummation,  and 
a  committee  was  appointed  to  take  "effectual  measures  to  bring  so  desirable 
a  thing  into  effect."  Delegates  were  exchanged,  and  German  students 
were  urged  to  come  to  New  Brunswick.  More  distinct  propositions  for 
union  were  made  in  1820,  and  again  in  1842,  and  at  the  important  Harris- 
burg  convention  of  1844  it  was  thought  that  the  scheme  was  on  the  high- 
road to  success ;  but  in  1848,  owing  to  certain  doctrinal  discussions  in  the 
German  Church,  the  Dutch  Church  withdrew  from  the  scheme,  and  corre- 
spondence was  suspended  for  ten  years  (1853-63).  With  the  tri-centennial 
of  the  Heidelberg  Catechism,  in  1863,  intercourse  was  renewed,  and  a  gen- 
eral effort  for  union  was  again  made  in  1873,  as  alluded  to  above,  but  then 
the  Dutch  and  Germans  could  not  agree  on  the  doctrinal  standards.  In 
1886  began  another  effort,  which  was  prosecuted  for  six  years.  The  scheme 
of  a  federal  union  now  seemed  certain  to  succeed,  and  two-thirds  of  the 
Classes  of  the  Reformed  (Dutch)  Church,  and  most,  if  not  all,  of  the 
Classes  of  the  Reformed  (German)  Church,  agreed  to  the  plan  proposed; 
but  some  technical  errors  in  the  reports  of  the  vote  of  the  Classes  of  the 
Dutch  Church  and  other  reasons  delayed  the  consummation,  and  ultimately 
prevented  success.  The  scheme  of  a  federation  of  all  churches  holding  the 
Presbyterian  system  is  yet  under  consideration.  Co-operation  on  all  the 
mission  fields  is  already  an  accomplished  fact. 

THE  CHRISTIAN  REFORMED  CHURCH. 

On  the  22d  of  October,  1822,  five  ministers  of  the  Reformed  (Dutch) 
Church  seceded.  This  was  done,  as  they  state  in  their  "Reasons,"  "on 
account  of  Hopkinsian  errors  of  doctrine  and  looseness  of  discipline." 
Their  names  were  Rev.  Solomon  Froeligh,  Rev.  Abram  Brokaw,  Rev. 
Henry  V.  Wyckoff,  Rev.  Sylvanus  Palmer,  and  Rev.  John  C.  Tol.  Por- 
tions of  their  congregations  went  with  them.  All  of  these,  except  Mr. 
Froeligh,  were  under  suspension  at  the  time  of  the  secession.  In  the 
course  of  the  next  nine  years  seven  other  Dutch  ministers  and  parts  of 
their  congregations  joined  this  secession.  At  first  a  Classis  was  formed, 
and  in  1824  they  organized  a  General  Synod  and  formed  two  Classes — that 
of  Hackensack,  N.  J.,  and  that  of  Union,  in  central  New  York.  During  the 
first  six  years  they  gathered  26  churches,  some  of  which  soon  became  ex- 
tinct and  others  independent.  In  1859  their  records  showed  that  up  to  that 
time  they  had  had  in  all  24  ministers  and  26  congregations.  Fourteen  of 
their  ministers  had  then  either  died,  been  suspended,  or  left  the  body,  and 
10  of  their  churches  had  become  extinct  or  independent,  so  that  in  that 
year  (1859)  they  had  10  ministers  and  16  churches.1 


THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.  289 

Meanwhile  (1835)  there  had  occurred  a  separation  in  Holland  from  the 
state  church  of  ministers  and  others  who  were  dissatisfied  with  the  doc- 
trine and  some  features  of  the  polity  of  that  body.  Some  of  these  Sep- 
aratists came  to  the  United  States,  and  thus  the  Christian  Reformed 
Church  of  Holland  was  transplanted  to  Michigan;  but  the  great  body  of 
the  Holland  immigrants  of  1846  and  subsequent  years  fell  into  the  fold  of 
the  old  Dutch  Church.  Commissioners  of  that  church  had  been  sent  to 
visit  them  and  invite  them  to  such  union.  Classes  were  soon  organized 
among  them,  and  ultimately  the  Particular  Synod  of  Chicago  (1856).  But 
about  1880  some  of  these  brethren  demanded  that  the  General  Synod  should 
denounce  Free  Masonry  and  refuse  church  fellowship  to  those  belonging  to 
oath-bound  secret  societies.  This  the  Synod,  after  patient  consideration  of 
the  subject,  declined  to  do.  In  1882,  therefore,  a  number  of  these  Holland 
ministers  and  churches  seceded  from  the  Reformed  Church  in  America  and 
joined  the  Christian  Reformed  Church.  In  1889  most  of  the  remnant  of 
the  old  secession  of  1822  also  united  with  this  body.  The  Christian  Re- 
formed Church  of  this  country  has  now  eight  Classes  and  one  Synod,  with 
about  100  churches  and  13,000  communicants.  Their  standards  of  doctrine 
and  polity  are  identical  with  those  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America,  and 
it  would  be  for  the  benefit  of  both  parties  to  come  together  and  labor  with 
united  strength  for  the  progress  of  the  kingdom  of  Christ. 


'See  "Manual  of  Reformed  Dutch  Church,"  first  edition,  1859,  pp.  134-137.  See 
also  "An  Outline  of  the  History  of  the  Christian  Reformed  Church  In  Amer- 
ica," by  Rev.  Henry  Van  der  Werp,    1898. 


FORMER   MINISTERS   OF    THE    COLLEGIATE    CHURCH 
(copied  from  the  portraits) 


rORMER    MINISTERS    OF    THE    COLLEGIATE    CHURGM 
(COPIED    FROM   THH    PORTRAITS) 


PART  SECOND 


THE  MINISTRY. 

Aaron,  Jepamani    (Hindoo),  b.   in   India;  Arcot  Seminary,    1896;   lie.  by 

Classis  of  Arcot ;   acting  as  an  evangelist  in  India,   1896 . 

Abeel,  David  (nephew  of  J.  N.  Abeel),  b.  at  New  Brunswick,  June  12,  1804, 
N.B.S.  26,  1.   CI.   N.B.;   ordained  as  an  evangelist,   Oct.  26;   Athens, 
N.  Y.,  Ap.  26-8,  voyage  to  West  Indies,  Nov.  28,  Miss,  at  St.  Thomas, 
West  Indies,  Dec.  28- July,-  29,  supplied  Orchard  St.,  N.  Y.  C,  Aug.- 
Oct.  29,  voyage  to  China,  Oct.  14,  29-Feb.  25,  30,  chaplain  of  Seamen's 
Friends'  Soc.  Oct.  29-Dec.  30,  Miss,  of  A.B.CF.M.  in  Java,  Dec.  30- 
June  31,  Siam,  June  31-May  33,  voyage  to  London,  May-Oct.  33,  visits 
France,  Holland,  Germany,  Prussia,  and  Switzerland,  in  the  interests 
of  Missions,  Oct.  33-Sept.  34,  visits  America,   Oct.  34-Dec.  36,  West 
Indies,  Dec.   36-May  37,  America,   May  37-Oct.   38,   voyage  to  China. 
Oct.  38-Feb.  39,  Macao,  Feb.  39-May  41,  Siam,  May-Oct.  41,  Borneo, 
Oct.  41-Jan.  42,  Kolongsoo  (near  Amoy),  Jan.  42-July  44,  Amoy,  July 
44-Jan.  45,  voyage  to  America,  Jan-April  45,  died  at  Albany,  Sept.  4, 
1846. 
He  sought  entrance,  at  the  age  of  15,  into  the  military  academy  at  West 
Point,  but  too  many  applicants  had  preceded  him.     He  then  studied  medi- 
cine, but,   as  the  light  of  grace  beamed  upon   his   mind,   he  benevolently 
turned   his   thoughts  to  the   duty  of   seeking   to   save   the  perishing.     His 
spiritual   exercises   were  very  powerful,   and  are   preserved  partially   in   a 
diary.     He  entered  on  his  ministerial  duties  with  a  deep  sense  of  his  re- 
sponsibility.    He  struggled  in  prayer  and  hoped  for  great  things,  and  was 
not  disappointed.     A  general  revival  in  his  first  charge  gladdened  his  heart. 
Failing  health,  however,  soon  compelled  him  to  give  up  his  duties  and  sail 
to  the  West  Indies.     But,  for  a  long  time,  he  had  reflected  on  the  wants  of 
the  heathen  world.     It  then,  also,  required  far  more  courage  than  now  to 
embark  in  a  missionary  undertaking.     He  collected  intelligence  and  prayer- 
fully pondered  the  subject.     At  length  the  way  opened,  and  he  sailed  as 
chapalin  of  the  Seamen's  Friends'  Society ;  and,  after  reaching  China,  was 
transferred  to  the  American  Board.     He  traveled  in  various  parts  of  the 
East  Indies,  surveying  the  field,  acquiring  some  knowledge  of  the  dialects, 
and  assisting  the  missionaries  whom  he  found  there.     His  instructions  were 
to  ascertain  the  true  condition  of  affairs  in  Eastern  Asia,  and  to  report  to 

291 


292  THE   MINISTRY. 

the  American  Board.  Hence  the  itinerant  character  of  the  record  of  his 
labors.  And  when  his  ill-health  compelled  him  to  visit  Europe  and  America 
he  excited  much  interest,  wherever  he  went,  by  the  reports  which  he  made. 
His  second  visit  and  residence  in  China  was  during  the  opium  war,  to  which 
he  makes  many  allusions. 

Mr.  Abeel  was  not  a  man  of  remarkable  power  of  intellect,  or  of  peculiar 
genius;  yet  his  mental  formation  was  characterized  by  solidity  and  strength. 
He  was  a  clear  and  close  thinker,  and  could  express  himself  with  discrimi- 
nation and  force.  He  sought  to  improve  his  talents  to  their  utmost,  that 
he  might  use  them  to  the  glory  of  God.  He  was  an  indefatigable  student, 
although  his  feeble  health  often  seriously  interfered  with  his  studies. 
While  a  master  of  his  mother  tongue,  he  was  also  critically  acquainted 
with  several  different  languages.  On  account  of  an  exquisitely  musical  ear 
he  was  endowed  with  great  natural  capabilities  for  the  acquisition  of  the 
Chinese.     He  was  also  acquainted  with  the  Siamese  and  Malay  languages. 

As  a  preacher  his  discourses  were  clear  and  forcible.  He  was  not  given 
to  abstract  discussions  of  truth,  but  was  plain  and  practical.  While  in  the 
different  localities  abroad  he  was  generally  chaplain  to  the  foreign  resi- 
dents; and  when  at  Kolongsoo,  of  the  British  army.  His  manner  in  the 
pulpit  was  unaffected,  but,  at  the  same  time,  winning  and  effective;  and 
the  musical  and  pleasing  intonations  of  his  voice  added  force  to  his  lan- 
guage. 

While  delighted  in  the  pursuit  of  science  and  literature,  he  was  eminently 
religious.  He  had  the  most  exalted  conceptions  of  the  work  of  sanctification 
in  the  soul.  He  set  the  highest  standards  before  him — that  of  the  Savior 
Himself.  He  set  high  value  on  the  private  duties  of  religion.  He  was  an 
ardent  student  of  the  Bible.  For  days  he  would  pore  over  some  passage  or 
chapter,  till  be  had  thoroughly  caught  its  spirit.  He  loved  to  read  it  in  the 
different  versions  as  well  as  in  the  original,  that  he  might  find  new  beauties 
and  thoughts.  He  was  also  a  man  of  prayer.  While  a  student,  he  had  a 
bower  to  which  he  retired  for  this  exercise.  It  was  in  such  a  place  he  first 
became  impressed  with  the  claims  of  the  heathen.  He  drew  his  strength 
directly  from  God,  and  owed  his  attainments  in  piety  to  secret  prayer.  He 
had  also  remarkable  habits  of  meditation ;  not  that  he  thereby  neglected 
active  duties,  but  he  meditated  while  engaged  in  such  duties. 

But  humility  was  the  crowning  beauty  of  his  character.  While  in  great 
danger  of  spiritual  pride,  on  account  of  his  acknowledged  piety,  yet  he  only 
valued  his  growth  in  grace  as  God  enabled  him  to  exercise  childlike  humil- 
ity. And  all  these  attainments,  as  his  diary  abundantly  shows,  were  made 
in  opposition  to  a  heart  of  wickedness.  His  spiritual  conflicts  were  many 
and  severe. 

He  also  had  most  exalted  views  of  Christian  duty  and  responsibility. 
His  piety  was  not  selfish.  Complete  self-consecration  to  the  service  of  the 
Master,  in  promoting  the  welfare  of  men,  was  his  high  and  holy  aim.  And 
he  sought  to  recommend  religion  by  his  life.  He  cultivated  a  meek  temper 
of  mind,  abhorring  all  resentment  or  narrow-minded  feeling.  The  com- 
manding points  of  his  character  were  ennobled  and  strengthened,  while  the 
selfish  dispositions  were  corrected  and  restrained.     He  was  also  of  a  truly 


THE    MINISTRY. 


293 


catholic  spirit.  He  could  hardly  recognize  the  dividing  lines  of  denomina- 
tions. He  lamented  over  the  struggles  of  sectarianism  as  a  waste  of 
precious  time  and  a  perversion  of  talents,  while  thousands  were  perishing. 
He  also  possessed  refinement  of  feeling  and  manner.  This  gave  him  much 
influence  as  a  missionary.  He  was  greeted  by  the  most  refined,  and  re- 
ceived into  circles  of  powerful  influence.  He  himself,  it  is  said,  exerted  an 
influence  among  the  foreign  residents  of  the  East  almost  as  much  as  one  of 
official  rank. 

It  is  believed  that  he  exerted  more  spiritual  good  in  his  private  inter- 
course with  men,  and  by  the  power  of  his  holy  life,  than  as  a  preacher. 
All  felt  that  it  was  a  privilege  to  entertain  him,  for  he  left  a  blessing  be- 
hind him.     He  was  the  founder  of  the  Amoy  Mission. — D.D.  by  R.  C,  1828. 

See  "Dr.  I.  N.  Wyckoff's  Sermon  at  his  funeral,"  "Dr.  T.  E.  Vermilye's 
Sketch  of  Abeel,"  "Williamson's  Memoir,"  and  articles  in  "Sprague's 
Annals  of  the  Dutch  Pulpit,"  by  Dr.  I.  N.  Wyckoff  and  Dr.  G.  Abeel.  His 
"Journal,"  sermons,  papers,  etc.,  are  in  Sage  Library,  at  New  Brunswick. 
See  also  "Am.  Miss.  Memorial,"  p.  338;  "Anderson's  Hist,  of  Am.  Bd. 
Com.  F.  M.,"  and  "McClintock's  Cyc."     (Presbyt.  Rev.  January,  1881.) 

Publications  :  "To  the  Bachelors  of  India,  by  a  Bachelor,"  8vo,  pp.  35. 
"About  1833— Residence  in  China,"  i2mo,  pp.  398;  1834.  This  was  trans- 
lated into  German  under  the  title  "Reise  des  Nord-Amerikanischen  Mis- 
sionars,  David  Abeel  in  den  Landen  Hinterindiens,"  1830-33.  "Basel," 
1836.  "Map,"  8vo.  ("Baseler  Missions  Mag.,"  1836,  art.  iv)—  "The  Mis- 
sionary Fortified  Against  Trials,"  1834-  "Happy  Influence  of  For.  Miss. 
on  the  Church,"  8vo,  pp.  16.  (In  "Nat.  Preacher,"  Nov.,  1838)— "The 
Missionary  Convention  at  Jerusalem,  or  The  Claims  of  the  World  to  the 
Gospel,"  i2mo,  pp.  244;  1838.  Many  articles  in  the  "Chinese  Repository." 
Many  tracts  in  the  Chinese  Lang.  (One  of  these  is  "Discourse  on  the 
Unity  of  God" — "Journal."  For  extracts  see  his  "Memoir,"  by  William- 
son.    "A  Sermon  on  Heaven."     See  "Memoir,"  p.  299. 

Abeel,  Gustavus  (s.  of  J.  N.  Abeel),  b.  in  N.  Y.  C,  June  6,  1801,  U.C.  23, 
N.B.S.  24,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  English  Neighborhood,  24-8  (also  Miss,  at 
Hoboken),  Belleville,  28-34,  Geneva,  35-49,  Newark,  2d,  49-64,  re- 
signed, w.  c.  S.T.D.  by  C.  C,  1842.  Elected  a  trustee  R.  C,  1845.  Died 
Sept.  4,  1887. 

His  pastoral  work  continued  for  a  period  of  forty  years,  and  his  ministry 
sixty-three  years.  He  was  influential  as  a  minister  in  the  denomination, 
and  devoted  to  its  interests  and  beloved  by  others.  He  was  a  profound 
thinker  and  a  clear  expounder  of  Gospel  truth.  It  was,  however,  in  his 
parish  work  that  he  accomplished  most. 

His  relations  with  his  people  were  such  that  they  loved  and  revered 
him.  The  calm  consistency  of  his  life,  his  quiet  and  dignified  yet  always 
courteous  manner,  the  word  of  advice  or  admonition  when  needed,  or  con- 
solation so  tenderly  and  sympathetically  spoken,  all  endeared  him  greatly 
to  his  people.     (Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,  1888,  677.) 

Publications  :  A  pamphlet  on  the  church.  A  few  tracts  and  sermons. 
A  poem"The  Departed  to  the  Bereaved" — in  "Ch.  Int."  July  26,  1855.     Ser- 


294  THE    MINISTRY. 

mon  on  "Systematic  Benevolence,"  in  "Ch.   Int.,"  Oct.  9.  1856.     Decennial 
1  at   .Newark,  .May  o,   [860,  in  "Ch.   Int.,"  Aug.  2.     Sermon  at  funeral 
of  Rev.  Jas.  Scott,  1858. 

Abeel,  John  X.,  b.  at  New  York,  1769,  C.N.J.  1787,  stud,  theol.  with  Liv- 
ingston and  Witherspoon,  1.  CI.  N.  Y.Y.  1793;  tutor  in  C.X.J.  1791-3; 
(  Philadelphia,  Arch  st.  Prob.,  1794-5)  Xew  York.  1795-1812,  d.  Jan. 
19.  Elected  a  trustee  of  Columbia  Coll.  1799.  and  a  trustee  of  Queen's 
Coll.  1808.     D.D.  by  Harvard,  1804. 

He  began  the  study  of  law,  but  in  about  a  year,  his  heart  having  been 
touched  by  Divine  grace,  he  forsook  his  first  choice  for  the  ministry.  He 
possessed  a  sound  understanding,  greatly  improved  by  diligent  application. 
J  lis  manners  were  unusually  mild,  unassuming,  amiable,  and  winning. 
In  society  he  was  affable  and  communicative,  his  colloquial  talents  being 
extraordinary.  As  a  minister  he  was  truly  eminent.  He  had  industriously 
cultivated  his  fine  natural  talents,  and  laid  up  large  stores  of  valuable  in- 
formation. Few  have  possessed  so  nice  and  accurate  discernment.  His 
style  was  plain  and  simple,  the  strain  of  his  discourse  was  didactic,  and  he 
usually  preached  extemporaneously.  He  delighted  to  dwell  on  Christian 
experience,  in  which  lie  was  always  animated  and  interesting,  ri>ing  often 
to  uncommon  elegance  of  diction  and  to  true  eloquence. 

Tie  was  a  faithful  pastor,  and  the  inquiring,  the  tempted,  and  the  per- 
plexed confidently  sought  his  advice  and  instruction.  He  was  also  of  a 
truly  catholic  spirit  toward  all  evangelical  Christians.  Yet  in  his  own  de- 
nomination, with  a  discrimination  which  few  have  possessed,  he  discerned 
the  path  of  her  true  interests,  and  employed  in  her  behalf  the  energy  of  his 
talents,  the  charms  of  his  eloquence,  the  weight  of  his  influence,  and  the 
efficacy  of  his  prayers.  It  was  principally  by  his  efforts  that  a  large  fund 
was  raised  for  the  fuller  endowment  of  the  Theological  Professorship  now 
about  to  be  located  at  New  Brunswick  (1809).  Indeed,  while  laboring  for 
this  end,  that  disease  was  induced  which  terminated  bis  life.  But  thereby 
tin-  institution  was  founded  on  a  permanent  basis. 

He  deserved  to  be  loved,  and  he  was  loved  of  all.  His  people  furnished 
him  ample  means  to  undertake  voyages  for  the  recovery  of  his  health.  He 
was  a  principal  agent  in  promoting  a  revival  of  religion  in  New  York, 
greater  than  had  been  known  since  the  days  of  Laidlie.  He  refused  offers 
and  invitations  to  Boston  and  Philadelphia,  and  to  the  Presidency  of  Union 
College.  His  health  began  to  fail  in  1809.  He  spent  one  winter  in  South 
Carolina  and  make  a  voyage  to  Rio  Janeiro,  but  all  his  efforts  and  the  best 
medical  skill  proved  unavailing.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  N.  Y. 
Historical  Society  in  1804. 

See  "Gunn's  Comment.  Ser.,  Drs.  Milledoler's  and  Miller's  Sketches  in 
Sprague's  Annals,"  "Mag.  R.  D.  C,"  iv,  289.  "Evang.  Guardian  and  Rev.." 
May,  1817.  "Gunn's  Livingston,"  2d  ed.,  1856,  p.  387.  "McClintock's  and 
Strong's  Cyc."     "Collegiate  Ch.  Yr.  Bk.,"  1890,  81. 

Publications:  "Annivarsary  Disc.  Before  N.  Y.  Miss.  Soc,  1801,"  8vo, 
pp.  67.  "An  Old  Disciple,"  "Mag.  R.  D.  C,"  ii,  129.  "The  Many  Man- 
sions— A  Ser.  to  Communicants,"  8vo,  pp.  42  (also  pub.  in  "Mag.  R.  D.  C," 


THE   MINISTRY.  295 

iv,  229.  "Gen.  Synod's  Address  to  the  Churches,"  1807,  vol.  i,  368-378. 
This  is  an  elaborate  address  and  very  important  in  reference  to  the  history 
of  the  church  in  general  and  the  seminary  in  particular. 

Abell,  James.     Chittenango,  1838-55,  Waterloo,  56-7,  Emeritus,  d.  1867. 

Ackerman,  Edward  G.,  b.  Saddle  River,  N.  J.,  Feb.  3,  1837;  R.C.  66,  N.B.S. 
69,  1.  CI.  Paramus ;  Mamakating,  70-4,  Currytown  and  Spraker's  Basin, 
74-8,  S.  S.,  Currytown,  78-9,  Schagticoke,  79-85,  Woodstock,  86-90, 
Greenport,  90-4,  Clover  Hill,  97-9,  d.  Dec.  1.  See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"' 
1900,  888;  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads,  R.C.,"  1900,  25. 

Ackerson,  John  H.  N.B.S.  1839,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Columbia,  41-2.  Schaghticoke, 
42-4,  susp,  47,  dep.  1848. 

Ackert,  Winfred  Rugan,  b.  Red  Hook,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  30,  1870;  R.C.  92, 
N.B.S.  95,  1.  CI.  Poughkeepsie ;  West  Hoboken  Chapel  of  Grove  Refd. 
Ch.,  New  Durham,  N.  J.,  1895-1900,  Vermilye  Chapel,  N.  Y.  C,  1901, 
Jan.  1 . 

Publications:     "Anonymous  Articles,"  in  the  "Brotherhood  Star.'" 

Adam,  John  Douglass,  b.  Falkirk,  Scotland,  1866;  Edinburgh  University 

and  Divinity  School,  66-90,  lie.  by  Congregationalists,  90;  (Cong.  ch.  at 

Rupert,  Vt.,  90-1,  Manchester,  Vt,  91-3),  Brooklyn  Heights,  1893 

Adams,  R.  L..  S.  S.  Raritan,  111.,  1876-7. 

Adams,  Wm.  Ten   Eyck,  b.  Astoria,  N.  Y.,  June  30,   1863;   N.Y.U.  88, 

N.B.S.  91,  1.  S.  CI.  L.I.;  Edgewood,  Brooklyn,  1891 

Addy,  John  Gilmore,  b.  N.  Y.  C,  Feb.  6,  1872 ;  P.S.  97,  1.  Presb.  Brooklyn ; 

(Huntsburg,  N.  J.,  98-1900),  Bethany  Chapel,  Brooklyn,  1900 

Aetlts,  Eerko,  b.  in  Germany,  Feb.  2,  1864;  H.C.  98,  W.S.  1900.  1.  CI ; 

Bethany  Ch.,  Clara  City,  Minn.,  1900 

Aiyave,  Samuel  Paul   (Hindoo),  b.  India;  Arcot  Seminary.  1892;  1.  CL 

Arcot,  92;  laboring  as  an  evangelist  in  India,  92-8. 
Albert,  Pierre,  b.  Lausanne,  Switz.,  1767;  N.  Y.  C,  French  ch.,  1797-1804. 
Alburtis   (or  Burtis),  John,  b.   170—,  C.C.   1812,  N.B.S.  1817,  1.  CI.  N.B. 

1817. 
Allen,  Abram  W.,  b.  1814,  Highlands,  1874-84,  died  Dec.  12. 

Allen,  Chs.  Jeremiah,  b.  Carlisle,  Pa.,  Dec.  6,  1865;  Laf.C.  89,  U.T.S.  92; 

ord.  by  ch.  of  Passaic,  June  14,  92 ;  Pompton  Plains,  N.  J.,  92-6,  Green- 
ville, Jersey  City,  96-1900. 
Allen,  Fred  E.,  b.  New  Haven,  Ct.,  Ap.  21,  1850;  R.C.  73,  N.B.S.  76,  1.  CL 

Newark;  (Middle  Island,  L.  I.,  78-92;  Griswold,  Ct.,  1892 ) 

Allen,  Henry  Bacon,  b.  New  York,  Mar.  16,  1868;  N.B.S.  1898;  1.  CL 

Saratoga;  Easton,  N.  Y.,  June-Oct.  98,  Annandale,  99-1901,  Bethlehem, 

2d,  N.  Y.,  1901 

Allen,  John  Knox  (s.  of  P.  Allen),  b.  at  West  New  Hempstead,  N.  Y.r 

1844;  R.C.  65,  N.B.S.  68,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Hoboken,  1868-70,  Tarrytown, 

1st,  1870— 

Publications:     "The   Permanence   of  the   Church":    Sermon   at   200th 
anniv.  of  1st  ch.  Tarrytown,  1897. 


296  THE   MINISTRY. 

Allen,  John  Mitchell,  b.  Allendale,  N.  J.,  1859;  R.C.  85,  N.B.S.  88,  1.  CI. 

Raritan;  Upper  and  Lower  Walpack,  88-1892,  d.  May  24.     See  "Mints. 

Gen.  Syn.,"  1893,  886;  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,"  1892,  43. 
Allen,  John  Stevenson,  b.  Balm,  Pa.,  Oct.  20,   1857;  Westm.  Coll.  82, 

U.T.S.  85;   ord.    Presb.  West  Chester,  May   13,  86;    (Presbyt.   West 

Chester,   N.   Y.,   1886-9;  Patterson,  N.  Y.,   1889-92);   Newark,   N.  J. 

(N.  Y.  av.),  1892— 
Allen,  Peter,  b.  in  Columbia  Co.,  N.  Y.,  1808;  N.B.S.  1837,  1.  CI.  Pough- 

keepsie,  1837;  West  New  Hempstead  and  Ramapo,  1837-53,  West  New 

Hempstead,  1853-62,  d.     See  Sketch  in  "Manual,"  1879. 
Allen,  Peter  A.,  1888-90. 
Alliger,  John  B.,  b.  1816,  R.C.  35,  N.B.S.  40,  1.  CI.  Ulster;  Clove,  N.  Y., 

40-3,  Shawangunk,  43-50,  Jamaica,  51-70,  w.  c.  Died  June  18,  1885. 
He  was  often  a  valuable  and  influential  member  of  the  Synods  of  the 
church,  where  his  clear  and  orderly  statements  of  clear  and  settled  opinions 
and  convictions  were  received  with  interest.  He  was  a  lucid  and  earnest 
preacher.  He  was  a  genial  and  entertaining  companion,  was  one  of  the 
rare  men  who  can  conduct  an  earnest  discussion  with  entire  good  nature. 
Being  also  well  informed  and  of  a  rather  critical  habit,  his  conversation 
was  stimulating  and  quickening.  The  church  of  Jamaica  was  conducted 
successfully  by  Mr.  Alliger  through  the  usually  trying  ordeal  of  erecting  a 
new  church  building  at  a  considerable  outlay.  After  leaving  his  last  set- 
tlement he  led  a  retired  life  and  seldom  participated  in  the  administration 
of  denominational  affairs. 

Ambler,  James  B.,  b.  in  England,  1797;  1.  1816  (Bradford,  Eng.,  1816-8)  ; 
c.  to  America,  1818  (Presbyt.  1818-33)  in  Ref.  Ch.  1833-48,  d. 
His  ministry  was  extended  through  the  northern  and  central  portions  of 
New  York  till  about  1833,  when  he  connected  himself  with  the  Reformed 
Church.  He  commanded  the  utmost  esteem  for  the  sincerity  of  his  piety 
and  his  untiring  zeal.  His  ministrations  were  effective  and  successful.  He 
was  eloquent  and  dignified  in  his  delivery,  attentive  as  a  pastor,  and 
changeless  as  a  friend.  His  labors  in  New  York  state  and  city  and  in  St. 
John's  (N.  B.)  were  very  successful. 

Amerman,  Albert,  b.  in  N.  Y.  C,  1793;  C.C.  1812,  Assoc.  Ref.  Sem.  1816,  1. 
CI.  N.Y.  1816;  Johnstown  and  Mayfield,  1817-20,  susp.  restored,  Johns- 
town and  Mayfield,  1820-1,  "Johnstown  and  Mayfield,  indep.,"  1821-43, 
"Hackensack  and  Paterson,  indep.,"  1843-55,  "Hackensack,  indep.," 
i?55-7i»  when  pastor  and  people  joined  the  Presbyt.  Ch.  Emeritus, 
1877.  Died  Sept.  4,  1881. 
He  was  a  man  of  great  strength  of  character  and  at  the  same  time  of 

great  kindliness  and  geniality.     He  was  a  spiritual  discipline  of  Christ ;  and 

as  a  preacher,  mighty  in  the  Scriptures. 
Publications  :     "Independency."  "The  Church  of  Christ  Independent  of 

the  Synod  of  Dordrecht,  and  all  other  Synods ;  or.  Scriptural  Principles  in 

Relation  to  the  Order  and  Government  of  the  Church."     i2mo,  pp.   188. 

Albany:  1823. 


THE   MINISTRY.  297 

Amerman,  James  Lansing,  b.  at  Farmingdale,  L.  I.,  Aug.  13,  1843;  N.Y.U. 
62,  N.B.S.  68,  lie.  CI.  N.  Y. ;  Richboro',  Pa.,  68-71;  Bergen  (Jersey 
City),  71-76;  Missionary  to  Japan,  76-93;  Prof,  of  Theology  at  Tokio, 
77-93,  returned  to  America;  Financial  Sec.  of  Bd.  of  Foreign  Missions, 
R.C.A.,  1893— 

Publications:-  "Memorial  Sermon  for  Acton  Cyril  Price,  Jersey  City, 
N.  J.,"  1875.  "Sketch  of  Japan  Mission,  R.C.A.,"  1880.  "Shinyaku 
Seisho  Shingaku."  "The  Theology  of  the  New  Testament  on  the  basis  of 
Van  Oosterzee,"  1881.  Third  edition  1896.  "The  Gospel  of  Mark  in 
Japanese  Colloquial,"  1881.  There  have  been  several  editions.  "Soshiki 
Shingaku  Chogen."     An  Introduction  to  Systematic  Theology."     A  tract, 

1884.  "Yushinron,"  "The  Argument  for  the  Being  of  God,"  1884.  Third 
edition    1890.     "Shinseiron,"   "The   Attributes  of   God   and   the   Trinity," 

1885.  Second  edition  1892.  "Kami  no  Teshi,"  "The  Decrees  of  God," 
1885.  "Tenchisozoron,"  "The  Creation  of  the  Universe,"  1885.  "Kyok- 
wai  Seiji,"  "Church  Government,"  "After  Dr.  S.  M.  Woodbridge,"  1885. 
Second  edition  1888.  "Jinseiron,"  "Anthropology,"  1887.  "Kyujogaku," 
"Soteriology,"  1888.  All  of  these  Japanese  works  were  prepared  in  col- 
laboration with  Rev.  K.  Ibuka,  M.A.,  and  were  printed  either  in  Tokyo  or 
Yokohama. 

Many  letters  and  articles  for  periodicals,  both  English  and  Japanese. 

Amerman,  Thos.  A.  A.C.  1827,  N.B.S.  30,  1.  CI.  Poughkeepsie ;  Beekman, 
N.Y.  (S.S.)  30-1,  Coeymans,  32  (Presb.  32-5),  Shokan,  35-8;  James- 
ville,  38-40. 

Ames,  John  W.     Studied  under  Livingston   (?)   Miss,  on  Delaware,  1814. 

Anderson,  Asher,  b.  at  Flatlands,  L.I.,  July  23,  1846;  R.C  70,  N.B.S.  73, 
I.  CI.  L.I.;  Flatbush  (Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.).  73-5;  Fishkill,  75-80,  Passaic, 
North  Ch.,  80-6,  Bristol,  Conn.,  86-9,  Meriden,  Conn.,  89-1901 ;  Secre- 
tary of  Nat.  Council  of  Cong.  Chs.  in  U.S.,  1901 

Publication:     "Steps  for  Beginners." 

Anderson,  Charles,  b.  Schenectady,  1812;  U.C.  1840,  Aub.  Sem.  43  (Sen- 
nett,  N.  Y.,  42-64,  Union  Springs,  64-8,  Savannah,  68-70,  Sennett,  70-7, 
Castile,  77-S)  ;  Owasco  Outlet,  79-1883  (Presbyt).  Died  Jan.  4,  1900. 
See  "Aub.  Sem.  Cat." 

Anderson,  Chas.  T.,  b.  in  Wayne  Co.,  Pa.,  Sept.  26,  1849;  C.N.J.  69,  P.S. 
73.  lie.  by  Presbyt.  of  Elizabeth,  April  18,  72;  ord.  by  Presbyt.  Phila- 
delphia, North,  May,  73  (Port  Kennedy,  Pa.   (Presbyt.),  73-4),  Pea- 
pack,  74-82.     (Hackensack,  Presbyt.  82-96).     Bound  Brook,  1896 — 
Publications  :     "All   things   pertaining   to   Life ;   an    Illustration   of  2 

Pet,  i,  5-7- 

Anderson,  Win.,  b.  Sept.  4,  1814;  N.B.S.  49,  1.  C\.  N.Y. ;  Peapack,  49"56, 
Fairview,  56-9,  Newtown,  59-66,  Greenbush,  66-76,  St.  Thomas,  W.  I., 
a  few  months,  75-6,  Fordham,  76-87,  d.  Ap.  23. 
He  entered  upon  the  study  of  theology  after  he  was  a  married  man  and 

with  a  family.     Previously  he  had  been  a  civil  engineer  and  teacher  of 

mathematics.     In  study  he  was  diligent ;  in  the  pulpit  a  clear  and  interest- 


298 


THE    MINISTRY. 


ing  expositor  of  God's  Word:  in  pastoral  work  faithful  and  successful. 
All  who  knew  him  bore  testimony  to  his  fidelity  to  the  service  ^i  his  Master; 
to  the  wisdom  of  his  counsels  in  all  the  deliberations  of  Classis  and  to  his 
earnest  zeal  to  promote  the  welfare  of  the  church  in  all  its  interests.  As  a 
minister  and  pastor  few  have  shown  more  fidelity  or  ability  in  the  discharge 
of  their  duties,  rightly  dividing  the  Word  or  pressing  the  truth  more  firmly 
upon  the  consciences  of  his  hearei>.     "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.  1887,  439. 

Anderson,  Win,  Frederic  (son  of  Wm.  Anderson),  b.  at  Peapack,  N.  J., 
Jan.  17.  [855;  R.C.  75,  P.S.  79  (Chatham,  1879-81);  Fordham.  81-93. 
Died  July  24,   1893. 

He  was  called  to  assist  his  father  at  Fordham  in  1881.  and  upon  the  lat- 
ter's  death  succeeded  him  in  the  charge.  It  would  be  hard  to  overdraw  the 
worth  of  this  young  brother.  From  childhood  his  instincts  were  pure  and 
his  ambitions  were  after  goodness  and  usefulness.  He  had  consecrated  his 
whole  body,  soul  and  spirit,  with  absolute  unreserve  to  his  beloved  Lord 
f(  r  service.  His  Master  was  in  his  everj  thought;  the  inward  witness  ot 
the  Divine  Spirit  was  his  joy  and  strength;  the  Bible  was  his  inspiration; 
the  winning  of  souls  was  his  passion  ;  the  vast  outlying  field  for  work  was 
his  daily  study;  his  people  were  his  pride,  and  his  pulpit  was  his  cherished 
throne  of  power.  His  last  work  was  the  founding  of  the  New  Reformed 
Church  of  Belmont  in  New  York  City.  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn."  1894,  209. 
"Biog.  Notices  Grads."     R.C.  1894.  26. 

Anderson,  Wm.  11.     R.C.  1862,  N.B.S.  1865.  1.  S.  CI.  L.I.  1865;  Cortland- 

town,  1865-6. 
Andrew,  Gottlieb,  b.  Obersleben,  Saxony  Weimar.  Eisenach,  Jan.  3,  185 1  ; 

Northwest.   Coll..   111.,   76,   Eden  Sem.,    Missouri,   79;   ord.   by  Evang. 

Luth.  Ch.  Jan.  28,  79  (Nameoki,  111.,  79-83)  ;  Jersey  City,  St.  John's 

Ger.  Evang.     1S83 — 
Andbew,  Lewis  Curry,  b.  Howeland,  Md.,  Jan.  24,  1852;  St.  John's  Coll., 

Annapolis;   ord.  by  Meth.  Epis.  Conf.  Wilmington,   Del.;   N.B.S.  90. 

West  Farms,  N.Y.C.,  90-9,  w.c. 
Andrus,  John  Cowles,  N.B.S.  1882. 
Antonides.  Yincentius.  b.  1670,  Bergen  in  Vriesland.  Holland,  169.-1705.  c. 

to    America    1705;    Bushwick,    Flatbush,    Flatlauds,     Brooklyn,     New 

Utrecht,  Gravesend,  1705-44,  also  Jamaica,  1705-41,  d.  1744,  July  18. 
Upon  his  arrival  he  found  his  field  occupied  by  Freeman  under  license 
from  Cornbury,  who  fomented  the  troubles  in  the  Dutch  churches  of  Long 
Island.  He  was  treated  with  great  discourtesy  by  Cornbury,  yet  he  boldly 
performed  his  duties  at  the  risk  of  arbitrary  imprisonment  by  the  governor. 
After  yielding  many  points  to  Freeman  for  the  sake  of  peace,  the  troubles 
partially  ceased.  The  Classis  of  Amsterdam  sustained  Antonides  and 
condemned  Freeman  through  all  the  troubles.  At  his  death  a  paper  of  the 
day  says:  "He  was  a  gentleman  of  extensive  learning,  of  an  easy,  con- 
descending behavior  and  conversation  and  of  a  regular,  exemplary  piety, 
endeavoring  to  practice  himself  what  he  preached  to  others;  was  kind, 
benevolent   and   charitable  to  all.   according  to   his  ability  ;   meek,   humble, 


THE    MINISTRY. 


299 


patriotic  and  resigned  under  all  his  afflictions,  losses,  calamities  and  mis- 
fortunes, which  befell  him  in  his  own  person  and  family."—See  also  "Doc 
His.  N.  Y."  hi.  89-115,  qt  ed.  IV.,  123;  "Sutphen's  Hist.  Disc."-  Amst 
Cor.;  many  letters  1704-44. 

Arcularius,  And.  M.,  b.  Dec.  2,  1835.  R.C.  1863,  N.B.S.  66,  1  CI  N  B  ■ 
North-Esopus,  1866-81,  Roxbury,  81-3,  New  Baltimore,  83-97.  St 
Thomas,  W.  I.,  99-1901. 

Arnolt,  Edward  Muss,  b NB.S.  1882,  1.  CI.  N.Y.;  Johns  Hopkins 

University,  83;  dismissed  to  Presbytery  of  Baltimore,  1883. 

Arondeus,  Johannes,  ord.  by  CI.  Amsterdam,  Sept.  9,  1741  ;  c.  from  Hol- 
land, 1742;  Bushwick,  Flatlands,  Brooklyn,  New  Utrecht  and  Graves- 
end,  1742-50;  Raritan,  Readington,  Harlingen,  Six  Mile  Run  and  Three 
Mile  Run,  1747-54;  returned  to  Holland. 

He  was  from  Overschic,  Holland.     The  Classis  was  seeking  a  mar    for 
the  churches  of  Kings  Co.,  L.I.,  when  he  reported  himself  as  "Commenda- 
tus"  for  foreign  churches.     The  Classis  highly  praised  him  in  a  letter  to 
Long  Island  and  wished  for  him  and  his  wife  a  safe  voyage.     He  went  by 
way  of  England  because  of  the  dangers  caused  by  the  war,  but  was  speedily 
captured  by  Spanish  pirates  and  robbed  of  everything  he  had,  even  his  call, 
and  in  January,   1742,  he  found  himself  again  put  down  on  the  coast  of 
Hoiland.     The  pirates  had  carried  him  to  St.   Sebastian.     He  now  asked 
to  be  released  from  his  call  to  Long  Island  on  account  of  the  feebleness 
of  his  wife,  but  the  Classis  delayed  granting  his  request.     In  the  meantime 
the  churches  of  Long  Island  sent  over  a  new  call  for  him,  offered  to  pay 
his  back  salary  and  made  him  a  present  of  $250,  so  anxious  were  they  for 
a  minister,  especially  as  Freeman  had  recently  died.     He  started  again  June 
20,  1742,  and  reached  his  destination  safely.     For  several  years  matters  pro- 
ceeded fairly  -well,  when  in  1747  he  became  a  violent  enemy  of  the  Ccetus. 
He  now  irregularly  went  to  the  churches  on  the  Raritan  and  had  himself 
installed  pastor  of  the  churches  in  Somerset  Co.,  by  Fryenmoet,  and  min- 
istered  to   the   enemies  of   Frelinghuysen.     The   Harlingen   records    were 
taken  possession  of  by  his  party  and  his  ecclesiastical  acts  recorded  in  them, 
for  all  the  surrounding  churches.     He  ordained  new  consistories  for  Three 
Mile  Run,  Six  Mile  Run,  Harlingen,  Readington  and  Raritan  and  his  bap- 
tisms of  the  children  of  the  disaffected  in  this  region  are  recorded  for  seven 
years    from   1747.     The   Harlingen   consistory  started   new    records    (both 
books  are  still  preserved)  in  1749  and  left  the  site  of  the  old  church,  select- 
ing a  new  site  for  a  new  building.     In  1748  he  went  back  to  his  field  on 
Long  Island  and  resumed  services  there.     In  1750,  because  of  irregularities 
in  general  and  trouble  with  his  colleague,  Van  Sinderin,  the  Ccetus  suspend- 
ed him,  to  which,  however,  he  paid  no  attention.     In  1752  he  was  deposed, 
but  continued  to  preach  for  a  year  or  two,  especially  in  New  Jersey.     In 
1772  he  again  sought   recognition  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  but  the 
Classis  looked  up  his  record  and  summarily  rejected  him.     See  '"Millstone 
Centennial"  and  "New  Brunswick  Hist.  Discourse,"  by  Steele.     Mints.  Ch. 
N.\.,  Eng.  Trans.  Lib.  B.  167.  Frelinghuysen's  Sers.  341;  for  another  de- 
scription of  him.     Amst.  Cor.,  many  letters,  1742-54,  1772. 


300  THE   MINISTRY. 

Ashley,  A.  W.,  S.S,  New  Concord,  1876-8. 
Ashley,  B.  F.,  Athens,  1st,  1891-2;  Presbyt. 
Asirvatham,  Joseph    (Hindoo),  Arcot   Sem.   1900,  lie.  by  CI.  of  Arcot; 

laboring  as  an  evangelist  in  India. 
Atwater,  Elnathan  R.,  b.  Canajoharie,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  15,  1816;  U.C.  34,  lie. 

Presbyt.  Albany,  48    (Tribes  Hill,  48-51,   mission  work  in  Brooklyn, 

51-3)  ;  entered  R.D.C.  53;  Assoc.  Editor,  Christian  Intelligencer,  53-68, 

sole  editor,  68-72;  died  1899,  Nov.  28. 

He  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  followed  that  profession 
for  several  years.  Relinquishing  the  legal  profession,  he  studied  for  the 
ministry.  As  a  man  he  was  noted  for  his  manliness;  as  a  minister  of  the 
Gospel  for  the  solidity  of  his  utterances ;  as  an  editor  he  wielded  skilfully 
the  editorial  pen.     "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.."  1900,  889. 

Atwater,  John  Parsons  (son  of  E.  R.  Atwater),  student  in  N.B.S.  Died 
Dec.  20,  1897. 

Aurand,  Henry,  b.  1805;  D.C.  1830  (settlements  in  Ger.  Refd.  and  Presbyt. 
chs.     See  manual,   1879).     Columbia,  N.  Y.,   1860-3.     Died  1876. 

Ayler,  Junius  (African),  N.B.S.  1886.     In  Methodist  Church. 

Ayers,  Samuel  Brittain,  b.  in  Pa.  181 1 ;  C.N.J.  34,  P.S.  37;  ord.  CI.  Orange, 
38;  Minsunk,  38-41,  Ellenville,  41-54.  Vanderveer,  111.  54-67;  Presbyt. 
Died  Dec.  15,  1887.     See  "Manual,"  1879,  and  "P.  S.  Gen.  Cat." 

Baas,  Wm.  G.,  b.  Zaandam,  Neths.,  June  28,  1850;  H.C.  80,  N.B.S.  83,  1. 
CI.  N.B.  Arcadia  and  Palmyra,  83-8,  Palmyra,  88-91,  Beaverdam, 
Mich.,  1891 — 

Baay,  Gerrib,  b.  in  Neths.,  May  31,  1792;  came  to  America,  1848;  Alto, 
Wis.,  48-50. 

Baay,  Jac.  Beloit  Coll.  1857,  N.B.S.  i860;  1.  CI.  N.B.,  i860;  Keokuk,  1860- 
65,  Presbyt.  1866. 

Babbitt,  Amzi,  b.  Mendham,  N.J.,  1794;  C.N.J.  1816,  P.S.  1821 ;  ord.  by 
Presbyt.  Newcastle  April  3,  1821  (Pequea,  Pa.,  21-31,  Presbyt.)  ;  Phila- 
delphia, 2d,  34-5  (Salisbury,  Pa.,  Presbyt).     Died  Nov.  14,  1845. 

Backerus,  Johannes  Cornelisz.,  of  Barsinger,  Hoorn.  Ord.  by  CI.  Amster- 
dam, Oct.  16,  1642;  Curacoa,  1642-7,  New  Amsterdam,  1647-9. 

He  was  introduced  to  the  Clasis  of  Amsterdam  Oct.,  1640,  by  a  letter  of 
Rev.  John  Megapolensis,  then  minister  at  Koedyk,  as  one  willing  to  go  as 
a  Comforter  of  the  Sick  to  the  East  Indies;  but  as  he  had  not  a  regular 
education,  he  was  refused.  In  1641  it  was  shown  that  he  had  exercised 
himself  for  two  years  at  Koedyk  in  the  "Postamena"  of  the  Christian  re- 
ligion. The  Classis  then  allowed  him  to  preach  before  them  on  Justification 
(Rom.  3:  28),  but  they  were  not  entirely  satisfied.  He  preached  again  be- 
fore them  on  John  3:  16.  The  Classis  said  he  had  some  good  notions 
(reymsclen),  but  he  must  study  still  further.  A  few  months  later  he  again 
preached  before  Classis  on  Mat.  16:  18,  "Thou  art  Peter,"  etc.,  but  he  was 
again  exhorted  to  study.  He  tried  it  again  in  October  on  1  John  2:  3, 
and  in  November  on  Rom.  3:  1,  when  the  assembly  was  so  well  pleased 
that  they  resolved  to  examine  him.     (Students  were  always  required  to 


THE   MINISTRY.  3OI 

preach  before  they  were  examined.)  About  this  time  Backerus  informed 
the  Classis  that  he  knew  of  certain  ministers  in  the  Classis  of  Alkmaar 
who  were  not  averse  to  going  to  the  East  or  West  Indies.  They  were  the 
ministers  at  Schorel  and  at  Koedyk.  He  was  requested  to  invite  them  to 
visit  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  This  led  to  the  coming  of  John  Mega- 
polensis  to  Rensselaerwyck.  On  Dec.  2,  1641,  Backerus  was  finally  ex- 
amined and  ordination  was  promised  him  before  the  sailing  of  the  next 
ships  to  Curacoa.  But  in  July,  1642,  nothing  had  yet  been  accomplished,  as 
the  directors  of  the  company  were  dilatory  in  acepting  him.  They  were 
deliberating  whether  to  abandon  Curacoa  or  not.  On  account  of  this  delay, 
the  company  presented  Backerus  with  $100.  On  Oct.  16,  1642,  the  Classis 
finally  ordained  him  and  he  proceeded  on  his  journey.  His  contract  with 
the  company  was  for  four  years.  Letters  were  subsequently  received  from 
him  from  that  place  relating  to  the  state  of  the  church  there  and  asking 
instructions  as  to  baptizing  the  children  of  the  natives.  Subsequently 
Peter  Stuyvesant  was  made  governor  of  Curacoa,  and  in  1647  was  trans- 
ferred to  New  Netherland  and  Backerus  accompanied  him  and  took  charge 
of  the  church  at  New  Amsterdam  with  a  salary  of  1,400  guilders  ($560). 

But  Backerus  was  anxious  to  settle  in  Holland.  His  brother,  accord- 
ingly besought  the  Classis  (January,  1648)  to  give  him  his  dismission. 
He  had  only  remained  in  New  Netherland  because  Bogardus  was  about  to 
leave  and  it  seemed  improper  to  leave  that  church  without  a  pastor.  (See 
his  letter  of  Aug.  15,  1658.)  He  says  there  were  170  members  in  New 
Amsterdam.  John  Stevenson  had  been  the  schoolmaster  there  for  about 
seven  years  and  another,  said  he,  should  be  at  once  sent.  Peter  Vander 
Linden,  already  in  Manhattan,  was  temporarily  appointed.  In  May,  1649. 
Stuyvesant  forbade  Backerus  to  read  papers,  animadverting  on  the  govern- 
ment, from  the  pulpit  until  he  had  signed  them.  He  sailed  for  Holland 
Aug.  15,  1649,  and  when  there  took  sides  with  the  complainants  against 
Stuyvesant.  See  "Col.  Docs.  N.  Y.,"  i,  308,  317,  431,  496;  xiv,  115;  and 
"Amst.  Cor." 

Bagley,  Francis  H.,  b.  in  Boston,  Mass.,  Jan.  16,  1840;  Ham.  C.  70,  U.S. 
73  ;  ord.  Presbyt.  Buffalo,  sine  titulo,  May  20,  1873 ;  Gree.nburgh,  1873-5, 
d.  July  12,  1878.     See  "Manual"  of  1879  and  "U.S.  Cat." 

Bahler,  Louis  Henri  (s.  of  P.  B.  Bahler),  b.  Amsterdam,  Neths.,  Sept. 
18,  1839;  R.C.  61,  N.B.S.  67,  1.  CI.  Orange;  Coeymans,  67-9,  teaching, 
69-84  (Preble,  N.Y.,  84-9,  Maiden,  89-96;,  W.  Hurley,  N.Y.,  96-7. 
Manheim,  98-1900. 

Bahler,  Pierre  Benjamin,  b.  at  Zwolle,  Neths.,  May  25,  1807;  studied  in 
gymnasia,  in  Neths.;  c.  to  America,  1865;  Albany  (Holl),  65-6;  Pater- 
son  (Holl.),  66-8;  Rochester  (Holl.),  68-73,  emeritus.  Died  Jan.  28, 
1882. 

Bahler,  Pierre  Guillaume  Maximilien  (s.  of  P.  B.  Bahler),  b.  at  Mans. 
Belgium,  Ap.  29,  1844;  R.C.  1868,  N.B.S.  71,  He.  CI.  N.  B.  71;  Pultney- 
ville,  71-84;  Beaverdam,  Mich.,  85-89;  Clymerhil,  N.  Y.,  1889 


302  THE    MINISTRY 

Bailey,    Henry    S.,   b.   Bremen.   O..    Mar.    16.    1862;   Heidelberg   Coll.  88, 
Heidelberg  Sem.  go;  lie.  by  G.R.C.  Wbite  Pigeon,  Mich.,  90-4,  Three 

Rivers,  Mich.,  94-6,  Centreville,  Mich.,  1896 

Bailey.  John  Webster,  Northumberland,  1884-6. 

Bailey,  Joseph    Paul    (s.   of   Paul    Bailey),   Arcot   Sem..    1899;   lie.   CI. 

Vrcoi :  serving  as  an  evangelist  in  India. 
Bailey,   Paul    (Hindoo),   Arcot   Sem.,   1883,   lie.   and  ord.   by  Classis  of 
\rcot,  83;  Orattur,  Kolapakam,  Narasinganur,   Varikkai,  Vellirapatu 

(India).   [883-89;  Orattnr,  Narrasinganur,  Vellerapati.   1889 

Bailey,  Win.,  b.  Beckers  Corners,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  19,  1819;  R.C.  42,  N.B.S.  45, 
I.  CI.  Albany;  Helderbergh,  45-7;  Schodack,  47-56;  Constantine,  56-63; 
also   Moitville,  56-63 ;  also  Porter,  59-63;  Albany,  .id,  63-68;   White- 
house,  68-84.     Died  July  3.  1S87. 
lb-   was  a.   faithful   pastor  and   succeeded  in  attaching  the  hearts  of  his 
people  to  himself  in  an  unusual  degree.     He  had  a  thoroughly  genial  nature. 
I  lis  cordiality  was  perhaps  the  most  striking  part  of  his   character.     He 
was  a  true   Nathaniel,  a   man   without  guile.     His   spontaneous   frankness 
of  manner  and  friendliness  of  heart  laid  the  foundation  of  a  vast  amount 
of  influence.     His  later  sermons  were  a  rich  exhibition  of  ripened  Chris- 
tian experience  and  were  very   forcible  because  of  their  portrayal   of  the 
blessedness  of  true  religion      See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1888,  676. 

Baird,  Charles  Washington  (son  of  Rev.  Dr.  Robt.  Baird),  b.  at  Princeton, 
X.  J.,  Aug.  28,  1828;  U.N.Y.,  48;  U.S.,  52;  1.  by  Presbyt  New  Bruns- 
wick; Chaplain  of  Am.  Chapel,  Rome,  Italy,  52-4;  Sec.  Am.  and  For. 
Ch.  Union,  54-5;  R.D.C.,  Bergen  Hill.  Brooklyn,  Mar.  60-Ap.  1861 
1  Presbyt.  Ch.  Rye,  N.Y.,  1861-87),  d.  Feb.  10.  D.D.  by  U.N.Y.,  1876. 
President  Roswell  D.  Hitchcock,  of  Union  Theological  Seminary,  said 
at  bis  funeral  : 

'We  commemorate  to-day  a  Christian  scholar  whose  written  and  printed 
records  survive  him,  and  will  long  survive  to  link  his  name  and  his  memory 
with  the  heroic  age  in  our  Protestant  history,  irradiated  by  that  Huguenot 
heroism  which  has  never  been  surpassed.  We  commemorate  to-day  a 
Christian  man,  of  gentle  blood,  of  happy  birth,  of  rare  opportunities,  of 
careful  culture.  Even  the  most  casual  acquaintances,  having  the  slightest 
intercourse  with  him,  would  say,  'how  gracious.'  We  commemorate  to-day 
a  Christian  minister.  .  .  .  This  Christian  minister  was  a  Bishop  of 
the  Apostolic  type ;  a  Bishop  to  all — not  to  his  own  parish  only.  There 
was  one  church  in  Jerusalem,  and  Only  one,  and  one  church  in  Rome,  and 
only  one.  Our  friend  realized,  as  few  clergymen  have  done,  in  his  own 
experience  and  to  the  satisfaction  of  all  his  neighbors,  that  however  many 
parishes  there  may  he  within  this  municipality,  he  was  a  Bishop  of  them  all 
— of  you  all.  It  is  really  worth  one's  while  to  live  and  worth  one's  cour- 
age  to  die,  when  life  may  mean  so  much,  and  when  the  after  life  is  suffi- 
ciently  revealed   in   all   its  brightness." 

I  BLICATiONS :  "Eutaxia,  or  The  Presbyt.  Liturgies."  1855:  a  revised 
edition  was  published  in  London  by  Rev.  Thos.  Binney,  under  the  title  "A 


THE    MINISTRY. 


303 


Chapter  on  Liturgies,"  1856.  "A  Book  of  Public  Prayer,"  compiled  from 
the  "Authorized  Formularies  of  the  Presbyt.  Ch."  as  prepared  by  Calvin, 
Knox,  Bucer.  etc.,  1857.  "Chronicle  of  a  Border  Town:  Hist,  of  Rye, 
N.Y.,"  1660-1870;  1871.  "Hist.  Bedford,  N.Y.,  Church,"  1882.  "Hist,  of 
Huguenot  Emigration  to  America,"  2  vols.,  1885 ;  2d  ed.  1885.  "Translation 
of  Malan's  Romanism,"  1844.  "Transl.  of  Discourses  and  Essays  of  Merle 
d'Aubigne,"  1896.  "Civil  Status  of  Presbyterians  in  Province  of  N.Y.,"  in 
"Mag.  of  Am.  Hist.,"  October,  1879.  "Monograph  on  Rev.  Pierce  Daille." 
"A  Month  Among  the  Records  in  London." 

His  "Hist,  of  the  Huguenot  Emigration"  was  translated  into  French  by 
A.  E.  Myer  and  De  Richemond,  under  the  title  "Histoire  des  Refugies 
Huguenots  en  Amerique,"  and  published  at  Toulouse  by  the  Societe  des 
Livres  Religieux,  1886,  in  one  volume,  8vo,  pp.  624. 

Baker,  Fred.  Philip,  b.  at  Franeker,  Neths.,  Feb.  25,  1852;  H.C.  73,  W.S. 

76,  1.  CI (ord.  by  Presh.  of  Winnebago,  77 ;  Runal,  Wis.,  76-83 ; 

Marshfield,  Wis.,  83-7;  Wayne,  Neb.,  87-91)  ;  Constantine,  Mich.,  91-3 
(Hot  Springs,  S.  Dak.,  93-7;  Sheldon,  111.,  97-9,  Presbyt.);  Irving 
Park,   Chicago,  1899 — 

Baker,  Wm.  Schermerhorn,  b.  Jersey  City,  N.  J.,  Nov.  18,  1858;  LL.B. 
Columbia  Coll.,  May  12.  80;  Counselor,  N.J.,  June  4,  85;  N.B.S.,  95 
1.  cl.  Bergen;  ord.  by  CI.  Ulster,  July  9,#5;  Woodstock,  N.Y..  95;  mis 
sionarv    work,    96-8  ^assistant,    Bloomingdale^N.Yi^-     October,    98 

March  99.  vgynli+^HWt'i/cyf-'eJ,   /T^EL^Ci.^^dC 

Baldwin,  Eli.  b.  at  Hacken-a*.k.  Nov.  1.  1791  ;  University  Col.  of  Med 
1817,  N.B.S.  20,  ordained  as  a  Miss,  to  Georgetown,  D.C.,  22-24,  Miss 
agent  in  N.J.  and  Pa.,  24-5,  Houston  St.,  N.Y.C.,  25-39,  d.  Sept.  6 
SXD.  byCC.  IXc.fcP 

Early  impressed  with  a  sense  of  divine  things,  his  youthful  energies  were  1  /    — £- ■  '. 

directed   to   the  attainment  of  the  truth  as  it  is   in  Jesus.     His  powerful  \^,.zt*^*Jl  ^ 

mind 

truth  wi 

District 

Episcopal  Church ;  while  at  least  six  others  who  attributed  their  conversion 

to  his  ministrations  became  ministers  of  the  Gospel.     He  was  the  founder 

of  the  Houston  street  church.  New  York  City.  * 

Baldwin,  John  Abeel,  b.  in  N.Y.C.  April  25.  1810;  Y.C.  29,  P.S.  34,  lie. 
Presbyt.  Newark,  34;  Flatlands  and  New  Lotts,  36-52  (Lancaster,  Pa.. 
Ger.  Ref.,  52-7)  ;  New  Providence,  N.  J.,  Presbyt.,  57-63;  S.S.  Wood- 
haven,  69-76,  residing  in  Brooklyn,  63-86,  d.  Feb.  22.     D.D.  by 

Baldwin,  John  Crane,  b.  Jan.  26.  1802 ;  lie.  by  Cl.  N.B.  1832.  Lived  in  Ala- 
bama and  Mississippi.  Died  at  'Knox  Hill,  Florida,  June,  1862.  He 
was  half-brother  of  Rev.  Eli  Baldwin,  .above. 

Ballagh,  Jas.  H.,  b.  Hobart.  N.  Y.,  Sept.  7,  1832;  R.C.  57,  N.B.S.  60, 
1.  Cl.  Bergen;  voyage  to  Japan,  June-Nov.  61,  Kanagawa,  61-3;  Yoko- 
hama, 63-8 ;  voyage  to  America,  Jan.  and  Feb.  69,  visiting  the  churches, 
•   69-70,   Miss,   at  Yokohama.   70-9,   also      Pastor  Yokohama   Ch.,   72-8; 


aided  by  a  highly  cultivated  intellect,  enabled  him  to  exhibit  the  jCC/,  /2*^p 
with  profit  to  others.  Among  the  first  fruits  of  his  ministry  in  the  jL/J}  Z^A 
:t  of  Columbia  was  one  who  afterward  became  an  able  minister  in  the      f~L — .    , 


304  THE   MINISTRY. 

voyage  to  America,  78;  in  America,  visiting  the  churches,  78-9;  voyage 
to  Japan,  79.     Care  of  Evangelistic  work  in  the  North  Japan  Mission, 

1871 

Publications  :  Trans,  of  "Westminster  Catechism  and  Child's  Shorter 
Catechism"  into  Japanese;  numerous  hymns  into  Japanese;  numerous  arti- 
cles in  "The  Japan  Gazette,"  in  the  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  and  other 
papers  of  the  church ;  sermon  at  Missionary  Convention  at  Osaka,  1883,  at 
Tokyo,  1900 ;  also  sermons  on  Presidents  Lincoln,  Garfield,  and  McKinley. 

Ballagh,  Wm.  H.  R.  C  60;  N.B.S.,  63,  1.  CI.  N.B.  Union,  65-68;  East 
Berne  and  Knox,  68-77;  Union  Evang.  Ch.,  Corona,  L.I.,  78-80;  As- 

bury  Park,  80-6;  Lodi,  86-8 Died  Jan.  2,  1892. 

See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,'*  1892,  653;  and  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads,  R.C.," 

1892,  36. 

Banninga,  John  J.,  b.  Muskegon,  Mich.,  Dec.  9,  1875 ;  H.C.  98,  W.S.  1901, 
1.  CI ;  Missionary  under  A.B.C.F.M.  in  Madura  District,  India. 

Bantley,  John.     N.Y.C.  A  v.  B.  Ger.  1876. 

(Barclay,  Henry.  (Episc),  1708.  Preached  to  the  people  of  Albany  and 
Schenectady  in  Dutch,  1708-12.  Also  Miss,  to  Indians.  "Doc.  Hist," 
iii,  697.     Anderson's  Col.  Ch.,  iii,  428-31.) 

Barcolo lie.  by  Ccetus,  1758. 

Barcolo,  Geo.,  b.  at  New  Utrecht,  1775;  C.C.  1795,  stud,  theol.  under  Liv- 
ingston, 1.  CI.  N.Y.,  179S;  Hopewell  and  New  Hackensack,  1805-10,  d. 
1832,  at  Preakness,  NJ. 

Barnum,  Fred.  Shepard,  b.  Bethel,  Ct,  Feb.  3,  1837;  Wesleyan  Univ., 
Middletown,  Ct.,  59 ;  lie.  and  ord.  by  N.Y.  Conference,  Meth.  Epis.  Ch.. 
59  (Meth.  Epis.  Ch.,  Peekskill,  59-60;  Brewsters,  N.Y.,  60-2;  Great 
Barrington,  Mass.,  62-4;  Pine  Plains,  N.  Y.,  64-7;  Saugerties,  N.  Y., 
67-70;  Shrub  Oaks,  N.  Y.,  70-2;  Yonkers,  N.  Y.,  72-4;  Presbyt. ; 
Thompsonville,  Ct.,  74-88)  ;  Coxsackie  2d,  88-99,  w.c. 

Barny,  Fred.  Jacob,  b.  Basle,  Switz.,  Jan.  1,  1873;  R.  C,  94,  N.  B.  S.,  97, 
1.  CI.  N.Y.,  May  31,  97;  ord.  by  same,  June  13,  97.  Missionary  to 
Arabia,  1897 

Barny,  William  F.,  Naumburgh  and  New  Bremen,  N.  Y.,  1893-7;  Salem, 
S.D..  97-1899. 

Barr  Robt.  H.  R.C.,  1875;  N.B.S.,  1878;  lie.  CI.  Paramus,  1878;  Gutter- 
berg,  1878-80;  Owasco,  1880-3:  Bushwick,  83-6,  w.c. 

Bartholf.     See  Bertholf. 

Bartholf,  Benjamin  A.,  b.  Wyckoff,  N.J.,  Nov.  1,  1835;  R.C.  61.  N.B.S. 
64,  1.  CI.  Passaic;  Fair  Haven,  64-8;  Paseack,  68-73.  S.S.  in  Ind.  Cong. 
Ch.  at  Stone  Church,  Genesee  Co.,  N.  Y.,  73-6  (Mayfield,  N.  Y.,  76-80; 
Conklinville  and  Day,  80-81,  Presbyt.),  Amity,  81;  Vischers  Ferry, 
Gallatin,  87-99,  w.  c. 

Bartlett,  Dwicht  Kellogg,  b.  at  Utica,  N.  Y.,  March  30,  1832;  U.C.  54, 
tutor,  U.C.  54-8,  P.S.  58,  lie.  N.  River  Presbyt,  60;  ord.  by  same,  61; 
Smithfield,  N.  Y.,  59-62 ;  Stamford,  Ct.,  62-4,  both  Presbyt. ;  Rochester, 


THE   MINISTRY.  305 

«.N.  Y.j  Cong.,  65-74;  Albany,  2d,  1874-81,  d.  Jan.  11.    D.D.  by  U.C, 

1875. 
;Bassett,  John,*  b.  at  Bushwick,  1764;  C.C.  1786,  stud,  under  Livingston,  1. 

by  Syn.  R,D.  Chs.  1787;  Albany,  1787-1804,  Boght  (CI.  Albany),  1805- 

11,  Graveserid  and  Bushwick,   1811-24,  d. ;   also   Prof,   of  Heb.  Lang. 

1804-12.     Elected   a  trustee  of   Queen's  Coll.    1788.     S.T.D.  by  W.C. 

1804. 
•  He  was  a  man  of  extraordinary  erudition  and  an  excellent  Hebrew  and 
'classical  scholar.  He  trained  a  number  of  young  men  for  the  ministy.  He 
was  ah  edifying  preacher;  though  not  gifted  with  great  vividness  of  imag- 
ination, or  with  eloquence.  Quoted  in  "Centennial"  of  N.  B.  Sem.,  427. 
See  Johnson's  "Hist.:  Sketch,  Ch.  of  Albany,"  1899,  p.  19. 

Publications:'  ii  "Psalms,  Hymns  and  Spiritual  Songs."  Albany, 
1791.  2.  Translation  of  Immens'  "Pious  Communicant,"  2  vols.  8vo.  N.Y., 
1801,  3.  "Hist.  App.  to' Johnson's  Farewell  Ser.  at  Albany,"  1802.  4. 
"Memorial  of  Ch.  of  Albany  to  Classis,"  1S04,  pp.  36. 

Bassler,  Benj, 'b.  at  Berne,  N.Y.,  1808;  U.C.  1830.  N.B.S.  1833,  New  Rhine- 
beck  and  Sharon;  1833-8,  Farmerville,  1838-66. 

His  grandparents  emigrated  to  this  country  from  Switzerland  in  order  to 
escape  religious  persecution  and  to  enjoy  the  unrestricted  exercise  of  their 
religious  faith.  He  was  born  and  nurtured  in  the  very  atmosphere  of 
religion,  having  been  consecrated  to  God  by  his  mother,  from  the  very  in- 
ception of  his  being  and  trained  from  his  earliest  years  to  the  associations 
and  duties  of  piety.  From  the  time  of  his  conversion,  at  sixteen,  he  felt 
called  to  engage  in  the  sacred  work  of  the  Christian  ministry.  After  a 
course  of  preparatory  study  in  the  Albany  Academy,  he  entered  Rutgers 
College;  but,  in  consequence  of  sickness  at  home  rendering  a  nearer  resi- 
dence necessary,  he  completed  his  course  at  Union.  He  was  possessed  of 
a  thoroughly  genial  nature.  The  cordiality  and  warmth  of  his  natural 
disposition  was,  perhaps,  the  most  striking  trait  in  his  character.  He  drew 
to  himself  a  large  circle  of  acquaintances  and  won  general  regard  by  the 
kindliness  of  his  nature  and  the  easy  familiarity  of  his  intercourse.  No  one 
was  ever  repelled  from  his  presence  by  an  appearance  of  reserve,  or  by  the 
coldness  of  an  unsocial  spirit.  He  was  always  cheerful  and  always  attrac- 
tive. He  became,  therefore,  an  endeared  member  of  the  domestic  and 
social  circle,,  a  most  agreeable  companion  during  the  intervals  of  ecclesias- 
tical meetings  and  a  welcome  visitor  in  discharging  the  duties  of  the 
pastoral  relation.  Indeed,  his  spontaneous  frankness  of  manner  and  friend- 
liness of  heart,  by  making  him  easy  of  access  to  all  and  bringing  him  into 
ready  sympathy  with  all,  laid  the  foundation,  under  Divine  grace,  for  a 
vast  amount  of  usefulness.  But  he  was  also  a  man  of  most  serious  and 
earnest  piety.  His  faith  was  ardent;  his  convictions  settled  and  unwaver- 
ing; and  he  was  capable  at  all  times  of  being  stirred  with  religious  emotion. 
Although  of  an  uncommonly  lively  and  happy  spirit,  he  never  allowed 
himself  to  jest  with  sacred  subjects,  and  his  whole  demeanor  unconsciously 
betrayed  the  powerful  hold  which  Divine  truth  had  upon  his  judgment 
and  affections:     None. that  ever  heard  him  could  forget  his  tremulous  tones 


306  THE   MINISTRY. 

and  devout  spirit  in  prayer,  or  the  earnestness  and  pathos  of  his  appeals 
to  impenitent  sinners. 

Thus  lie  was  qualified,  both  by  nature  and  hy  grace,  to  render  eminent 
services  in  winning  souls  to  Christ.     Through  a  long  and  unbroken  series 
of  years  he  performed  the  functions  of  a  useful   and   fruitful   pastorate. 
His  carefully  prepared  sermons  were  logical  in  order  and  pointed  in  appli- 
cation.    They  abounded  in  evangelical  sentiment  and  practiced  expositions 
of  Christian  doctrine.     And  the  best  evidence  of  their  power  remains  in 
the  strong  and  united  church  cf  Farmerville,  in  which  the  most  delightful 
harmony  and  peace  have  ever  dwelt,  and  from  which  he  departed  univer- 
sally beloved  and  lamented. — Rev.  T.  S.  Doohttle. 
Bates,  Elisha  D.,  Stuyvesant -Falls,  1860-1,  susp.  1869,  dep. 
Bates,  William  Henry,  b.  Champion,  Jefferson  Co.,  N.  Y.,  May  20,  1840; 
Ham.  Coll.  65,  Aub.  Sem.  68,  lie.  Presb.  of  Cayuga,  ord.  by  Presbyt. 
Cortlandt   (in  Presbyt.  Ch.,  68-93)  ;  supplied  Rochester  2d,  93-95- 
Baumeister,  John,  College  Point,  1888-98,  w.  c. 

Bayles,  J.  Owen,  b.   Cherry  Fork,  Ohio;  Geneva  Hall,   Northwood,  O., 

1857,  Refd.  Presb.  Sem.,  Allegheny,  Pa.,  60,  lie.  by  Rcfd.   Presbyt.  Ch. 

(Teaching,  60-6;  Kortright,  N.  Y.,  66-95)  ;  Spotswood,  1895-1901,  w.  c. 

Bayles,  Thos.  Floyd  (s.  of  I.  O.  Bayles),  N.B.S.  1898,  Gardiner.  N.  Y., 

98-1902,  Little  Falls,  N.  J.,  1902 

Beale,  Joseph  Robert,  b.  Pamplin  City,  Va.,  Oct.  13,  1869;  Lafayette  Coll. 

93.  U.S.  97  (Hastings-on-Hudson,  97-1900),  Breakabcers  1900— — 
Beardslee,  J.  W.,  b.  Nov.  23.  1837 ;  R.C.  60,  N.B.S.  63,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Rosen- 
dale.  63.  Ccnstantine  and  Mottville,  63-4,  Constant ine,  64-84,  also  S.S. 
at  Porter,  64-70.  West  Troy,  84-7,  Prof.  Bib.  Langs,  and  Lit,  in  Western 

Thcolog.  Sem.  1887 

Publications:  "Address  on  President  Garfield,"  1881.  "Fun.  Ser.  of 
Rev.  Dr.  O.  H.  Gregory."  1885.  "The  Bible  Among  the  Nations."  "Ad- 
dress Before  Society  of  Inquiry,  N.B.S.,"  1880.  "The  Two  Advents  Con- 
trasted :  in  Four  Sermons."  "Twenty  Years  with  Refd.  Ch.  of  Constan- 
tine.  Mich.."  1884.  "The  Foes  of  the  Family,"  188.?.  "The  Lord  is  my 
Banner."  "Numerous  Sermons  and  Addresses." 
Beardslee,  Wm.   Armitage,  b.  Constantino,   Mich.,   Ap.  6,   1867;   H.C.  and 

R.C.  88.  N.B.S.  91,  1.  CI Assist.   Yonkers.   1st,  91-2,   Park   Hill. 

Yonkers,  92-5  (Presbyt.,  Saranac.  N.  Y..  95-97)  :  d.  Oct.  19. 
Of  fine  education,  of  great  culture,  of  winning  ways,  giving  promise  of 
great  usefulness,  he  was  permitted  only  to  begin  bis  work  on  earth,  when 
the   Master  called  him  up   higher.     See  "Biog.    Notices  of  Grads..   R.C," 
1898,  25. 

Pi  BLICATIONS:     "Constitution  of  the    Hist.    Soc.   of   N.B.S.,    with    Taper 
on  Object  and  Plan  of  a  Museum  of  Christian  History."  1889. 
Beattie,  Jas.,  U.C.  1834,  Fordham,  54-6. 

Beattie,  Jas.  Anderson,  b.  Westerkirk,  Caughohns,  Scotland.  1861;  Glas- 
gow Univer.  85,  P.S.  89,  1.  Presbyt.  of  New  Brunswick  ;  ord.  by  London 
Presbyt.  Ontario,  89   (Kempo  and  S.  Delaware,  Ont.,  89-90.  Presb.)  ; 


THE    MINISTRY.  307 

Pekin,  111.,  ist,  90-2,  Trinity,  Amsterdam,  N.  Y.,  92-4,  Chittoor,  India, 

1894 ■ 

Beattie,  John,  b.  at  Salem,  N.  Y.,  1784;  U.C.  1806,  studied  under  Proudfit, 
1.  CI..  N.Y.  1808;  Miss,  in  West.  N.  Y.  and  Canada,  1809-10,  New 
Utrecht,  1809-34,  Buffalo  (S.S.),  1838-42,  pastor,  1842-4,  d.  1864, 
Jan.  22. 

He  was  born  of  Scottish  parents  and  brought  up  among  the  Scotch  Pres- 
byterians in  Washington  Co.,  N.  Y.  When  on  his  missionary  tours  in 
Canada  he  kept  a  minute  journal  of  his  daily  life.  On  May  14.  1810,  he  left 
his  L.  I.  home  for  one  of  these  tours,  and  was  gone  five  months.  He  was  a 
week  in  making  his  voyage  to  Albany  by  sloop,  and  during  this  period 
thus  writes:  "Under  this  adverse  providence,  during  these  four  days,  I 
have  had  some  gloomy  reflections — a  long  journey  before  me — an  entire 
stranger  in  the  land  to  which  I  am  sent — a  wilderness  to  pass  through  be- 
fore I  reach  missionary  ground — my  horse  in  the  meantime  oppressed  by 
standing  still  on  board,  and  starving  for  want  of  provisions.  These  con- 
siderations combined  depressed  my  spirits,  and  rendered  these  four  days 
gloomy.  But  I  still  enjoyed  one  consolation,  I  trusted  that  God,  who  called 
me  to  the  mission  work,  would  conduct  me  safely  through."  While  be- 
calmed opposite  Coeymans  on  a  Sunday,  he  and  a  couple  of  passengers 
took  the  boat  and  went  ashore,  and  walked  back  to  the  church.  Domine 
Westervelt  was  absent  at  Bethlehem,  his  other  charge.  Beattie  obtained  a 
horse  and  rode  over  to  hear  him,  but  arrived  in  time  only  to  hear  the  appli- 
cation. After  recess  Beattie  preached,  and  got  back  to  the  river  in  time  to 
see  the  sloop  sailing  away.  However,  he  made  himself  heard,  and  was 
taken  on  board.  He  gives  a  vivid  description  of  the  bad  roads  between 
Albany  and  Lake  Ontario,  and  of  the  equally  bad  lodgings — "the  worst 
roads  that  it  is  possible  for  the  human  mind  to  form  any  conception  of;" 
"horrid  bridges;"  but  the  mosquitoes  "were  the  occasion  of  more  misery  to 
me  than" all  the  rest  of  my  difficulties  combined;"  and  then  his  lodgings, 
"an  old  weather-worn  log  house  covered  with  bark — a  dismal  inn  to  the 
weary  traveler."  His  bed  was  the  floor,  but  he  could  not  sleep.  "I  was 
under  the  necessity  of  maintaining  an  arduous  contest  with  an  innumerable 
multitude  of  little  nocturnal  beasts  which  inhabited  the  place."  The  next 
day  he  "rode  twenty  miles  to  breakfast  under  a  mosquito  escort,"  and  at 
length  came  in  sight  of  his  missionary  field.  But  the  roads  were  still  worse 
in  Canada.  His  horse  lost  a  shoe,  and  became  very  lame.  "The  morals  of 
the  people  are  said  to  be  very  much  corrupted,  and  there  is  little  or  no 
religion  in  the  place."- — Kingston. 

Beattie,  Robt.  H.,  b.  St.  Andrews,  Orange  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  26,  1815;  U.C. 
34;  stud,  theol.  with  Dr.  Wylie  in  Philadelphia;  lie.  1835  (supplied  Mil- 
ton, Pa.,  35-6;  Walden,  N.  Y.,  39-42;  Refd.  Presbyt.  W.  Milton,  N.  Y., 
42-54;  Presb.,  Bethlehem,  Orange  Co.,  N.  Y.,  54-66;  supply,  New  Wind- 
sor, 67-70;  Milford,  Pa.,  70-2);  Bloomingburgh,  N.  Y.,  72-84;  New 
Hurley,  1884,  d. 

Beattie,  Robt.  Hezekiah  (s.  of  R.  H.  Beattie,  above),  b.  Bethlehem, 
Orange  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  10,  1864;  C.N.J.  85,  P.S.  91,  1.  Presbyt.  Hud- 


308  THE   MINISTRY. 

son,  1891 ;  ord.  CI.  Orange,  91 ;  teacher,  Prot.  Coll.  Beirut,  Syria,  85-9, 
Latin  tutor,  C.N.J.,  90-1;  Newburg  (R.C.A.),  1891 

Publications  :     Articles  in  "The  Interior,"  "The  Christian  Work,"  "The 
S.S.  Times,"  "The  Christian  Intelligencer,"  "The  Biblical  World,"  etc. 

Beaver,  Jos.  Perry,  b.  Tylersport,  Pa.,  Mar.  1,  1858 ;  Ursinus  Coll.  80,  Aub. 
Sem.  83;  lie.  Presbyt.  Cayuga  (Presbyt.  83-9)  ;  Nassau,  89-98,  Buffalo, 

98-1901,  S.S.  New  Concord,  190.1 

Bechger,  A.  V.  W.,  Holland  Ch.,  N.  Y.  C,  1895 ;  in  the  Netherlands,  1896, 

in  London,  Eng.,  1897 

Bechthold,  Arend  Hendrick,  b.  at  Amsterdam,  Holland,  1822;  arrived 
at  Boston,  Mass.,  Aug.  7,  59;  lie.  by  North  Suffolk  Assoc,  Mass.,  Dec. 
16,  62;  ord.  by  same,  Feb.  11,  63;  Miss,  among  the  Hollanders  in  Bos- 
ton Highlands  (Roxbury),  59-66;  Paterson,  N.  J.  (True  Dutch  Ch.), 
2d  Holl.,  May  14,  66-7,  July;  Boston,  Lenox  St.  Chapel,  Jan.  19,  68-70, 
New  York  City  (Holl.  Ch.),  70-84;  d.  Nov.  15. 
Mr.  Bechthold  had  been  superintendent  during  1857-8  of  the  farm  school 
named  "Surinaamsche  Mettray,"  in  Surinam,  W.  I.  (This  is  a  kind  of 
orphan  asylum.)  He  afterward  determined  to  become  a  missionary  in 
South  Africa  in  connection  with  a  brother-in-law  there.  But  arriving  in 
Boston,  sickness  and  death  in  his  household,  together  with  the  lateness  of 
the  season,  compelled  him  to  wait  till  the  following  spring.  Upon  inquiry 
whether  there  were  any  Hollanders  in  Boston,  he  learned  from  Rev.  Dr. 
Anderson,  of  the  Warren  Street  Baptist  Church,  that  there  was  a  colony 
of  Hollanders  in  Roxbury.  These  were  sought  out  and  religious  services 
were  begun  on  Oct.  27,  1859,  which  led  to  an  earnest  awakening  among 
them,  and  the  establishment  of  a  Dutch  church.  Abner  Kingman,  a 
wealthy  merchant,  supported  Mr.  Bechthold,  who  labored  both  among  the 
Dutch  and  Germans.  This  mission  was  under  the  care  of  the  Springfield 
Street  Congregational  Church.  Two  years  after  (1861)  a  house  of  worship 
was  built,  since  converted  into  a  dwelling.  Subsequently  the  firm  of 
Sewall,  Day  &  Co.  built  a  large  hall  for  these  Hollanders  on  the  corner  of 
Ruggles  and  Parker  streets.  Rev.  G.  Vandekreeke,  a  graduate  of  Hope 
College,  subsequently  labored  among  them.  On  Feb.  20,  1873,  a  Dutch 
church  was  organized,  under  the  name  of  the  "Holland  Congregational 
Church  of  Boston  Highlands."  Mr.  Bechthold  subsequently  did  a  great 
work  for  fourteen  years  among  the  Hollanders  in  New  York  City.  It  was 
no  light  task  to  concentrate  them  from  New  York  and  suburbs,  and  main- 
tain a  church  organization  among  them.  But  this  was  but  a  small  part  of 
his  work.  For  many  years  he  met  the  immigrants  of  every  incoming  Dutch 
steamer  at  Castle  Garden,  and  spoke  words  of  welcome  to  them.  In  that 
place  he  preached  the  Gospel  to  many  thousands.  He  aided  them  in  ex- 
changing their  money  and  tickets,  and  in  forwarding  them  to  their  destina- 
tion. Many  who  were  in  destitution  were  helped ;  the  sick  were  cared  for, 
and  he  wrote  letters  of  information  to  their  friends  in  Holland.  He  was  a 
true  helper  of  his  people. 
Beck,  T.  Romeyn,  R.C.  1849;  acting  Prof.  Latin  in  R.C.  59-60,  N.B.S.  62, 


THE   MINISTRY.  309 

1.  CI.  N.B.  62 ;  Chap.  13th  Reg.  N.J.V.  62-3,  Prof,  of  Latin  and  Greek, 
Holland  Acad.,  63-5,  Prof,  of  Latin  and  Greek  in  Hope  College,  1865- 
85,  also  Lector  in  Biblical  Criticism  and  Theology  in  Hope  College, 
67-85,  Prof,  in  Dr.  Gamble's  Institution  at  Lytton  Springs,  Cal.,  85-8, 
Prof,  in  a  Gov.  College,  Yamaguchi,  Japan,  88-94;  died  in  Cal.,  May  22, 
1896,  D.D.  by  R.C.  1879. 
He  was  a  worthy  scion  of  distinguished  stock,  named  after  his  great- 
grandfather, Rev.  Dr.  Theodorick  (or  Dirck)  Romeyn.  For  many  years 
his  father,  Dr.  Lewis  C.  Beck,  was  a  Professor  in  Rutgers  College.  Mr.  T. 
R.  Beck  studied  law,  and  practiced  in  Chicago  (1852-8),  when  he  resolved 
to  study  theology.  He  was  soon  called  to  the  then  nascent  Hope  College, 
where  his  chief  life  work  was  done.  For  this  position  he  was  fitted  in  a 
peculiar  degree  through  his  varied  experiences,  his  habits  of  study,  his 
superior  attainments,  and  his  instructive  courtesy.  During  twenty-two 
years  he  was  a  treasure  to  that  institution  in  all  its  diversified  interests. 
Moreover,  he  did  not  neglect  ministerial  duties.  Hope  Church  had  only 
recently  been  organized  at  Holland,  Mich.,  and  in  its  weak  condition  he 
gave  his  services  as  a  Ruling  Elder,  also  preaching  with  great  acceptance  as 
often  as  necessity  required.  When  the  Theological  Department  was  cre- 
ated in  Hope  College,  the  General  Synod  appointed  him  Lector  in  Biblical 
Criticism  and  Philology,  in  which  capacity  he  served  for  eight  years.  He 
was  an  earnest  and  enthusiastic  student,  dignified,  yet  genial  and  affable; 
gentle  and  unassuming,  but  firm  in  every  principle;  while  he  commanded, 
in  a  peculiar  degree,  the  respect  and  affection  of  his  people.  In  1885  he 
sought  a  more  southern  residence  for  the  benefit  of  his  health,  and  continued 
his  excellent  didactic  labors  for  three  years  in  Dr.  Gamble's  Institution  at 
Lytton  Springs,  Cal.  He  then  went  to  Japan,  and  for  six  years  taught  with 
great  success  in  a  government  college  at  Yamaguchi.  At  the  same  time  he 
taught  a  Bible  class,  out  of  the  scholastic  hours.  In  1894  he  returned  to 
California  for  his  health,  and  died  a  couple  of  years  after.  See  "Biog. 
Notice  of  Grads.  of  R.C,"  1897,  15. 

Publications  :     "Baccalaureate  Sermon  at  Hope  College,"  1883. 
Becker,  Chs.     North  Bergen  and  Hackensack,  3d,  1857-60,  Naumberg  and 

New  Bremen,  1860-70. 
Bedford,  Charles  Van  Wyck,  b.  Glenham,  N.  Y.,  Mar.  14,  1871 ;  N.B.S. 

97;  lie.  CI.  Montgomery;  Ghent,  2d,  1897 

Bedford,  Edward  (Hindoo),  Arcot  Sem.  1899;  he.  CI.  Arcot;  acting  as  an 

evangelist  in  India,  1899 

Beckman,  Abram  J.,  b.  South  Branch,  N.  J.,  Oct.  21,  1838;  C.N.J.,  U.T.S. 

70-72,  73-4;  ord.  CI.  Illinois,  Nov.  4,  74;  Norris,  111.,  74-75;  S.S.  Shokan 

and  Shandaken,  N.  Y.,  76-82;  (Matawan,  N.  J.,  82-84)  ;  South  Branch, 

85-87;  (Allentown,  N.  J.,  88-92),  d.  Ap.  4. 
At  the  opening  of  the  Civil  War  he  enlisted  and  served  as  a  soldier  in 
the  U.  S.  army.  On  account  of  physical  infirmities,  he  had  to  cease  from 
active  labors.  During  the  years  that  he  was  laid  aside  his  great  desire  was 
to  regain  health  sufficient  to  re-enter  the  pastoral  work.  He  was  an  earnest, 
devout,  faithful,  and  conscientious  minister  of  the  Word.     He  was  ever 


3!0  THE   MINISTRY. 

highly  esteemed  by  the  people  among  whom  he  labored.     "Mints  Gen.  Syn.," 
1892,  656. 

Beekman,  Jacob  T.  B.,  b.  Ap.  11,  1801,  U.C.  1822,  N.B.S.  1825,  1.  CI.  Phila- 
delphia, 1825;  Middletown,  N.  J.,  1825-36,  w.  c.  1836-47,  Presb.  Died 
1875.  Ap.  25. 

Beekman,  John  Stotthoff,  b.  Middlebush,  N.  J.,  Oct.  19,  1833;  C.N.J.  57: 
U.T.S.  57-8;  P.T.S.  58-60;  (serving  Presbyt.  chs.  63-70),  S.S.,  Somer- 
set, Kan.,  70-4,  (Presbyt.  74-88;  Episcopalian).  For  details  see  Prince- 
ton Sem.  Gen.  Cat. 

Beekman,  Peter  Stryker,  b.  Millstone,  N.  J.,  July  19,  1861 ;  R.C.  84, 
N.B.S.  87,  1.  CI.   N.B. ;  Glenham,   N.   Y..  87-93,   Currytown,  93-1901. 

Flatbush  (Ulster  Co.),  N.  Y.,  1901 

•Beekman,  Theodore  Amerman,  b.  South  Branch,  N.  J.,  Nov.  18,  1856; 
R.C.  82,  N.B.S.  85,  1.  CI.  Raritan;  Columbia,  85-7,  S.S.  at  Preakness, 
87-9,  Central  Bridge  and  Howe's  Cave,  89-93,  Jerusalem,  N.  Y.,  and 
S.S.  at  Union,  1893 

Beidler,  Fred.  P.,  b.  Reading,  Pa.,  Oct.  28,  1824 ;  Dickinson  Coll.  2  yrs ; 
Marshall  Coll,  46,  Mercersburg  Sem.  49,  lie.  by  CI.  Lebanon,  G.R.C. 
49;  ord.  CI.  Miami,  G.R.C.  51;  (laboring  among  North  Carolina  Ger- 
mans, 49-52;  at  Pleasant  Hills,  Mo.,  teaching  and  supplying  Presbyt. 
Ch.  52-3.  supplying  White  Pigeon  Ch.  (Presbyt.)  Mich.,  53)  ;  South 
Bend,  Ind.,  53-4,  teacher  in  Holland  Academy,  54-5,  Miss.  Holland, 
Wis.,  55,  Ridgeway,  55-6,  Macon,  56-7,  w.  c. 

Bell,  Goodloe  Bowman,  b.  Reading,  Pa.,  June  14.  1832;  Y.C.  52,  U.S.  59; 
Wawarsing,  1874-81.     For  other  details  see  Gen.  Cat.  U.S.     Died  1894. 

Bellenger,    Henry,    b.    1789;    Secession    Church,    1827-9,    Independent,    at 
Sharon,  Wynant's,  and  Pooster's  Kill,  1829-1877,  d. 
Publications  :     "A  Volume  of  Sermons,"  copy  in  Sage  Library. 

Bender,  August  Ferdinand,  b.  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  7,  1874 ;  Coll.  Dept. 
Th.  School,  Bloomfield,  N.  J.,  93,  Theolog.  Dept.  96,  1.  Presb.  Newark; 
Newtown,  2d,  L.  I.   (Ger.),  96-1901,   (Steubenville,  O.,  1901 ) 

Benedict,  Wm.  A.,  Gilboa,  1856-7. 

Benjamin,  Chs.  Frederic,  b.  Beekman,  N.  Y.,  1872;  R.C.  1898,  N.B.S. 
1901,  1.  CI.  Pokeepsie;  Alexandria  Bay,  1901 

Bennett,  Asa,  b.  1790;  N.B.S.  1824,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1824;  Schodack,  1824-8,  Ovid, 
1828-38,  Constantine,  1844-5,  d.  1858,  Jan.  16.  Sketch  in  "Ch.  Int.." 
Feb.  4,  1858. 

Benson,  Aaron  Wm.,  b.  Cobleskill.  N.  Y.,  1843;  R.C.  71,  N.B.S.  74.  1-  CI. 
Schoharie;  ord.  by  Presb.  of  Hamilton,  Ontario,  Nov.  28,  74;  (West 
Flambora,  Canada,  74-6,  Rockford.  Delano,  Maple  Plain,  Long  Lake, 
Minn.,  1877,  Minneapolis,  5th  Presb.  Ch.,  78-9.  White  Bear  Lake,  Pine 
City,  80-2,  Eden  Prairie,  84-5,  Yarkie,  Mo.,  87-8,  Rush  City,  Minn., 
88-90,  Elim  and  Bethany  chs.,  Minneapolis,  91-3,  North  St.  Paul,  Minn., 

1896 .     Also  engaged  in  journalism  on  "The  Western  Presbyterian," 

Minneapolis. 

Bentley,  E.  W.,  b.  1826,  Y.C.  1850,  East  Windsor  Theolog.  Inst.  1854,  lie.  by 
Hartford  4th  Assoc.  1854 ;  Ellenville,  1854-80,  w.  c.     Died  1886,  Oct.  23. 


THE    MINISTRY.  31 1 

He  was  a  man  of  sterling  worth,  marked  ability,  cultivated  powers,  genu- 
ine piety,  cheerful  and  kindly  spirit.  Ellenville  was  his  only  pastoral  charge. 
There,  in  the  providence  of  God,  he  was  laid  aside  from  the  active  work  of 
the  ministry.  In  ecclesiastical  assemblies  his  influence  told.  He  was  often 
chairman  of  important  committees.  The  reports  he  made  were  wise  and 
quickly  adopted. 

Publications:  "Hist.  CI.  of  Orange,"  8vo,  pp.  80,  1875.  "Several  Ser- 
mons." Many  articles  in  the  "Ellenville  Journal,"  "Christian  Intel- 
ligencer," etc. 

Berdan,  John,  lie.  by  Seceders,  1830,  Aquackanonck,  sec.  1830-89,  died. 

Berg,  Herman  Casparus  {s.  of  Jos.  F.  Berg),  b.  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Oct.  5, 
1845;  R.C.  66,  N.B.S.  69,  lie.  CI.  N.B.;  studied  at  Basel,  Ger.,  69-70, 
evangel,  services,  Mission  House,  Basel,. 69-70;  student  at  Tuebingen, 
70-1;  Rocky  Hill,  N.  J.,  72-8,  College  Point,  L.I.,  78-88,  Bedford, 
Brooklyn,  88-95,  Ellenville,  N.  Y.,  1895 

Publications:     Many    sermons    in    "N.    Y.    Tribune"    and    "Brooklyn 
Eagle."     Articles  in  "Ch,  Int.,"  including  a  "Criticism  on  Acts  26:28." 
Berg,  Jos.  Fred.  (s.  of  Rev.  Christian  Fred.  Berg,  of  Denmark,  and  Hannah. 
Tempest,  his  wife,  of  England,  Moravian  missionaries),  b.  at  Grace 
Hill,  Antigua,  W.I.,  June  3,  1812 ;  educated  in  Moravian  institutions  at 
Fulnic,  England,  1816-25 ;  c.  to  U.  S.  1825,  and  placed  in  the  Moravian: 
School  at  Nazareth,  Pa     Teacher  of  Chemistry,  Nazareth,  1829,  while 
pursuing  theological  studies.     Lie.  1831,  ord.  and  installed,  Ger.  Ref. 
Ch.   Harrisburg,   Oct.  2,    1835-7,   Philadelphia    (Race  Street),   G.R.C., 
1837-52,    Philadelphia,    2d,    R.D.C.,    1852-61,    Prof,    of    Didactic    and 
Polemic  Theology,  New  Brunswick  Sem.   1861-71,   d.  July  20.     Also 
Prof.  Evidences  of  Christianity  in  Rutgers  College,  1862-7. 
He  was  only  seventeen  years  of  age  when  appointed  Teacher  of  Chemistry 
at  Nazareth.     While  pastor  at  Harrisburg  he  was  elected  Professor  of  the 
Latin  and  Greek  Languages  at  Mercersburg  College,  but  declined.     While 
pastor  of  the  Race  Street  Church,  he  also  studied  medicine,  and  received 
the  degree  of  M.D.  from  Jefferson  Med.  College.     He  was  gifted  with  a 
vigorous  mind,  which  was  enriched  and  disciplined  by  careful  culture  and 
study.     His  acquirements  embraced  not  only  a  knowledge  of  the  classics 
and  several  modern  languages,  but  in  almost  every  department  of  literature 
and  science  there  were  few  subjects  which  he  had  not  diligently  explored. 
His  power  of  acquisition  was  realy  encyclopaedic,  and  he  had  the  rare  fac- 
ulty of  using,  to  advantage,  when  occasion  required,  his  copious  stores  of 
knowledge. 

As  a  preacher  he  had  the  elements  that  command  attention,  secure  confi- 
dence, and  achieve  success.  He  did  not  aim  to  dazzle  his  hearers  by  a  dis- 
play of  pulpit  pyrotechnics.  His  was  not  that  kind  of  eloquence  that  carries 
an  audience  before  it.  His  style  was  solid,  logical,  persuasive,  and  in- 
structive. He  sought  to  reach  the  hearts  of  his  hearers  by  first  giving  them 
a  clear  and  intelligent  comprehension  of  the  truths  embodied  in  the  text, 
and  then  making  a  direct,  pointed  application  of  the  same  to  their  circum- 


312  THE    MINISTRY. 

stances  and  wants.  He  had  great  copiousness,  as  well  as  -a  surprising  fe- 
licity of  diction ;  while  his  sermons  were  full  of  matter,  they  were  irradiated 
by  apt  and  beautiful  illustrations,  but  all  tending  to  the  conversion  of  sin- 
ners and  the  edification  of  the  church.  His  ministry  was  accordingly  hon- 
ored by  the  Master. 

Dr.  Berg  excelled  as  a  controversialist,  although  he  had  no  relish  for  con- 
troversy. His  retiring  disposition  and  constitutional  timidity  made  him 
prefer  the  more  quiet  fields  of  Christian  work.  But  when  duty  bade  him 
step  out  from  the  seclusion  which  he  sought,  'there  was  no  one  who  could 
battle  with  more  earnestness  and  power  in  defence  of  the  truth  against  the 
assaults  of  error.  The  famous  discussion  which  took  place  a  few  years  ago 
in  Philadelphia  between  him  and  the  noted  infidel — George  Barker — is  still 
fresh  in  the  recollection  of  very  many  in  that  city.  Barker  had  been  lectur- 
ing for  some  time  previously  against  the  Bible,  and  had  attracted  large 
audiences  of  those  who  either  hated  the  Inspired  Word  or  wished  to  find 
some  ground  to  fortify  themselves  in  their  resistance  to  its  claims  upon 
them.  He  boldly  threw  out  a  challenge  to  all  the  ministers  in  Philadelphia 
to  meet  him  in  a  public  discussion  of  the  inspiration  of  the  Scriptures.  So 
persistent,  defiant,  and  even  insulting  was  he  that,  lest  it  might  be  supposed 
that  they  were  afraid  to  meet  him  and  the  cause  of  truth  receive  injury  by 
their  silence,  the  ministers  in  Philadelphia  resolved  that  some  one  of  their 
number  should  confront  this  boasting  Goliath  of  infidelity.  But  who  should 
be  the  man?  The  eyes  of  all  were  at  once  turned  to  Dr.  Berg.  With  his 
characteristic  modesty  he  declined  the  encounter,  but  at  length  yielded  to 
their  urgent  importunities. 

The  discussion  took  place  in  one  of  the  largest  halls  in  the  city,  and  was 
continued  for  several  successive  nights.  The  building  was  densely  packed 
every  evening,  and  the  excitement  was  intense.  Dr.  Berg  understood  his 
man.  He  knew  he  had  "a  foe  worthy  of  his  steel" — one  who  was  primus 
inter  pares  among  the  infidels  of  the  age — a  man  of  great  learning,  argu- 
mentative ability,  and  captivating  eloquence.  But  having  accepted  the  bat- 
tle, Dr.  Berg  did  not  fear.  He  knew  he  had  the  truth  on  his  side.  He  was 
thoroughly  familiar  with  the  evidences,  both  internal  and  external,  of  the 
divine  inspiration  of  the  Bible.  He  had  studied  his  subject  in  all  its  aspects 
and  bearings,  and  also  understood  full  well  the  weak  points  in  his  adver- 
sary's side,  and  was  thus  able  to  anticipate  and  defend  himself  against  the 
sophistries,  the  tricks,  and  subterfuges  to  which  he  would  resort. 

The  discussion  ended  as  was  anticipated.  The  arrogant  and  boasting  in- 
fidel, finding  himself,  for  the  first  time,  confronted  by  his  equal  in  learning 
and  debate,  lost  his  equipose  and  vainly  tried  to  recover  himself  from  the 
strong  and  weighty  blows  dealt  him  by  changing  the  points  at  issue;  but 
Dr.  Berg,  with  an  unrelaxing  grasp,  held  him  to  them.  After  struggling 
hard,  Barker  yielded  up  the  contest.  It  was  the  first  time  he  had  met  with 
defeat.  There  was  great  rejoicing  among  the  friends  of  the  Bible  in  Phila- 
delphia at  the  result. 

It  is  pertinent  in  this  connection  to  say  that  Mr.  Barker  shortly  after  re- 
turned to  England,  his  native  land,  where,  by  a  wonderful  providence,  he 
was  brought,  under  the  tuition  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  to  review  the  grounds  of 


THE   MINISTRY.  3J3 

his  belief,  to  renounce  his  infidel  opinions,  and  to  make  an  open  profession 
of  faith  in  Christ.  A  letter  addressed  by  him  afterward  to  a  gentleman  in 
Philadelphia,  and  which  was  published,  contained  his  humble  and  peniten- 
tial confession,  and  expressed  his  purpose  to  devote  the  remainder  of  his 
life  to  preaching  the  very  Gospel  which  he  had  so  long  and  strenuously 
opposed  and  vilified. 

Dr.  Berg  had  been  drawn  into  other  heated  controversies,  and,  in  the 
ardor  of  his  impulsive  nature,  may  have  used  harsher  words  than  his  judg- 
ment in  calmer  moments  would  have  approved,  but  he  afterward  always 
regretted  it,  and  he  cherished  no  ill-feeling  against  any  one  to  whom  he  had 
been  opposed. 

Dr.  Berg  was  an  uncompromising  enemy  of  Popery,  and  for  several  years 
edited  a  quarterly  magazine,  in  which  with  masterly  ability  he  exposed  the 
character  of  that  corrupt  church.  In  fact,  amid  the  multifarious  duties  of 
his  pastorate,  he  was  constantly  engaged  in  hard  literary  work.  It  was  not 
in  his  nature  to  be  idle. 

As  a  pastor  he  was  greatly  beloved  by  his  people.  Always  genial  and 
cheerful,  his  presence  was  welcome  in  every  household.  It  was  especially 
during  seasons  of  bereavement  and  affliction  that  his  deep  spirituality  and 
loving  Christian  spirit  made  themselves  felt  with  wondrous  power  in  com- 
forting and  sustaining  the  sorrowing  and  the  dying. 

As  a  professor  he  met  fully  the  expectations  of  his  friends,  and  justified 
the  wisdom  of  the  highest  ecclesiastical  judicatory  of  the  church  in  appoint- 
ing him  to  the  position.  The  students  of  the  several  classes  under  his 
instruction  bear  testimony  to  his  faithfulness  and  ability.  His  wealth  of 
learning,  gathered  by  many  years  of  previous  hard  study,  were  made  tribu- 
tary to  the  elucidation  of  the  Scriptures. 

He  continued  his  literary  labors  after  his  appointment  to  the  professorial 
chair.  In  fact,  his  pen  was  seldom  idle.  Periodicals,  reviews,  and  news- 
papers received  frequent  contributions  from  his  active  and  fertile  pen.  The 
"Intelligencer"  is  especially  indebted  to  him  in  this  regard,  and  the  articles 
which  he  furnished  its  columns  were  highly  appreciated.  Most  of  his 
writings  that  were  published  in  book  form  appeared  during  the  time  of  his 
pastorate.  Dr.  Berg  was  a  man  of  large  acquirements  and  of  cultivated 
tastes,  an  excellent,  useful,  and  faithful  minister  of  the  Gospel,  a  kind  and 
affectionate  pastor,  warm  in  his  friendships,  ardent  and  energetic  in  the  dis- 
charge of  duty,  and  whole-hearted  in  his  devotion  to  the  cause  and  kingdom 
of  his  blessed  Lord.  See  "Dr.  Appel's  Recollections  Of  a  College  Life,"  pp. 
16-18.     Also  "Centennial  of  N.B.  Sem.,"  p.  453. 

Publications  :  "The  Tree  and  Its  Fruits,"  1837.  "Ancient  Land- 
marks," 1838.  "Christian  Landmarks,  or  Centenary  of  G.  R.  C.  Phil.,"  1840. 
"The  House  of  God  and  the  Family  Altar,"  1840.  "Lectures  on  Roman- 
ism," 1840.  Several  editions — "The  Confessional,"  1841.  "Papal  Rome," 
1841.  Series  of  pamphlets,  pub.  anonymously,  entitled,  "A  Voice  from 
Rome,"  "Rome's  Policy  toward  the  Bible,"  "The  Pope  and  the  Presbyter- 
ians," 1844;  many  thousands  sold.  "Translation  of  Deu's  Moral  Theol- 
ogy," 1842;  2d  ed.,  1856.     A  discussion  at  Lebanon,  Pa.,  between  N.  Stein- 


3l4  THE   MINISTRY. 

bacher  and  J.  F.  Berg.  [842,  pp.  120.  "History  of  the  Holy  Robe  of 
Treves,"  1844.  "Oral  Controversy  with  a  Catholic  Priest,"  1843.  "The 
Old  Paths;  or,  A  Sketch  of  the  Order  and  Disc,  of  the  Ref.  Ch.  Before  the 
Reformation,"  1845.  "A  Plea  for  the  Divine  Law  Against  Murder,"  1846. 
"Mysteries  of  the  Inquisition,  etc.,"  1846.  "The  Faithful  Physician":  dis- 
course before  students  of  Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1849.  "Reply 
to  Archbishop  Hughes  on  Decline  of  Prots.,"  1850;  more  than  150,000 
copies  sold.  "Expose  of  the  Jesuits,"  1851.  "The  Inquisition — Church  and 
State;  or,  Rome's  Influence  upon  the  Civil  and  Relig.  Instit.  of  our  Coun- 
try," "A  Prize  Essay,"  185 1.  "Trapezium;  or,  Law  of  Liberty  vs.  Despot- 
ism and  Anarchy,"  185 1.  "Jehovah  Nissi ;  or,  Farewell  Words  to  1st  G.  R. 
Ch.  Phil.,"  1852.  "Vindication  of  the  Farewell  Words."  1852.  "The  Bible 
Vindicated  Against  the  Aspersions  of  Jos.  Barker,"  1854.  "Prophecy  and 
the  Times;  or,  England  and  Armageddon,"  1856.  "The  Stone  and  the 
Image ;  or,  The  Am.  Republic,  the  Bane  and  Ruin  of  Despotism :  an  Ex- 
position of  the  Fifth  Kingdom  of  Daniel's  Proph.,"  1856.  "The  Saints' 
Harp;  or,  Hymns  and  Spiritual  Songs,"  1856.  "Abaddon  and  Mahanaim; 
or,  Demons  and  Guardian  Angels,"  1856.  "Cause  and  Cure  of  Financial 
Distress,"  1857.  "The  Olive  Branch;  a  Conservative  View  of  Slavery," 
1857.  "Loyalty;  or,  Christian  Obligation,"  1859.  "Paganism,  Popery, 
and  Christianity;  or,  The  Blessings  of  an  Open  Bible."  "The  Second  Ad- 
vent of  Christ  not  Pre-millennial,"  1859.  "The  Evangelical  Quarterly,"  3 
vols.,  1860-2  (No.  4,  of  vol.  3,  never  published).  "Farewell  Sermon  at 
Second  Refd.  Ch.,  Philadelphia,"  1861.  "Inaugural  Address  as  Professor 
of  Theology  in  New  Brunswick  Seminary,"  1861 ;  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  Oct.  3. 
1861.  "Valedictory  Ser.  Before  the  Students  of  Rutgers  College,"  1862. 
"Hist,  and  Lit.  of  Heid,"  "Cathechism,  and  its  Introduction  Into  the  Neth- 
erlands," "A  Translation  of  Von  Alpen,"  1863  (this  was  also  pub.  in  "Evan 
Quarterly.")  "System  of  Didactic  Theology:  In  MSS.,"  in  Sage  Library, 
"History  of  the  Rebellion,"  "Second  Coming  of  Christ,"  1868;  in  "Ch. 
Int.."  Feb.  1868,  et  seq. 

Besides  the  above,  he  published  books  for  children.  "Bobbie,  the  School- 
master"— Children's  stories ;  translations  from  Van  Home  and  the  French. 
"Scripture  Hist,  of  Idolatry,"  "A  Series  of  Six  Books  for  Children,"  "Win- 
ter Evenings  at  Home,"  "The  Squirrel  Hunt,"  etc.  Newspaper  articles  are 
omitted. 

Berg,  Joseph  Frederic  (son  of  Herman  Berg),  b.  at  Tubingen,  Ger.,  July 
28,  1871 ;  R.C.  92,  N.B.S.  95,  1.  S.  CI.  L.  I. ;  Montgomery,  N.  Y.,  1895- 
1902,  Port  Richmond,  S.  I.,  1902 Ph.D.  1895. 

Publications  :  "Influence  of  the  LXX  on  the  Peshito  Psalter,"  1895. 
"A  Dissertation  Submitted  for  the  Ph.D.  in  the  University  Faculty  of 
Philosophy,  Columbia  College,"  "Sermons." 

Bergen,  John  H.  (colored),  N.B.S.  1879,  he.  by  CI.  N.B.  79;  ordained  by 
same,  80,  as  a  missionary  colporteur;  labored  at  Columbus,  Ga.,  80-3, 
when  he  joined  the  Southern  Presbyt.  Ch.  Although  he  was  an  Afri- 
can and  was  blind,  yet  by  simply  having  his  lectures  read  to  him  he 
passed   through   the    seminary   in   a   creditable   manner.     This   reading 


THE    MINISTRY. 


315 


was  done  largely  by  a  lady  of  refinement.  He  died  suddenly  on  Dec. 
13.  1893- 
Bergen,  John  Tallmadge,  b.  on  Bergen  Island,  Flatlands,  N.  Y.,  Sept  21 
i860;  R.C.  1883,  U.T.S.  86,  lie.  by  S.  CI.  L.  I.;  S.S.  at  Steinway,  L.  I.' 
84-86;  ord.  by  CI.  Ulster,  86;  Shokan  and  Shandaken,  86-89,  Hope  Ch. 
Holland,  Mich.,  89-92,  Brooklyn,  South,  92-95,  Robert  Schell,  Professor 
of  Ethics  and  Evidences  of  Christianity  in  Hope  College,  1895.  Sup- 
plied Hope  Church,  1900- 1. 

Publications:     Correspondence  to  "Ch.  Int.,"   1895 

Berger,  Martin  Luther,  b.  Mellenville,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  12,  1839;  Wins.  Coll.  59, 
U.T.S.  59-62;  ord.  CI.  New  Brunswick,  June  10,  63;  East  Millstone, 
N.  J.,  63-S,  Fishkill,  N.  Y.,  65-8,  Syracuse,  N.  Y,  68-75;  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal.  (Presb.),  75-80,  S.S.  Hillsdale,  N.  Y.,  81-3,  Sec.  McAll 
Mission  in  France,  83-6,  Prof.  Theol.  in  Straight  Univ.,  New  Orleans, 
La.,  87-9;  Cleveland,  O.  (Cong.),  91-5,  traveling  in  Europe,  U.  S.,  and 
the  East,  1895.     D.D.  by  Straight  University,  1887. 

Bergmans,  Jacob  C,  b.  Province  of  Friesland,  Neths.,  June  4,  1861 ;  Al- 
bion Coll..  Mich.  ;  Yale  Div.  School,  91,  lie.  by  Western  N.  Y.  Assoc. 
(Cong.)  ;  Perry,  N.  Y.  (Cong.),  92-4,  New  York  Mills,  95-1901,  Gil- 
boa,  1901 

Bernart,  Jas.  Elmendorf,  b.  at  Millstone,  N.  J.,  1821 ;  R.C.  1848.  N.B.S. 
1851,  1.  CI.  Phila.,  185 1 ;  S.S.  Upper  Neversink,  and  Brown  Settlement, 
1851-4,  Upper  Neversink,  1854-6,  Miss,  at  Boardville,  1856-77,  pastor 
1877-81,  w.  c. 

Berry,  James  Romeyn  (grandson  of  Jas.  V.  C.  Romeyn),  b.  at  Hacken- 
sack,  N.  J.,  March  8,  1827;  R.C.  47,  N.B.S.  50,  1.  CI.  Bergen;  Piermont, 
N.  Y.,  50-2,  Syracuse,  52-7,  Kinderhook,  57-63,  Jersey  City,  3d,  63-8, 
Fishkill-on-Hudson,  69-70,  (Montclair,  N.  J.  (Presb.),  70-87),  Rhine- 
beck,  87-91,  d.  June  5.  D.D.  by  R.C.  1867.  President  of  Gen.  Syn. 
1890. 

As  a  man  and  a  minister  he  was  characterized  by  exceptional  excellence. 
Of  commanding  personal  presence,  he  attracted  the  attention  of  all  who 
met  him.  But  his  qualities  of  mind  and  heart  were  even  more  conspicuous 
and  challenged  the  confidence  and  regard  of  those  who  knew  him  well. 
Both  heredity  and  environment  exerted  a  favorable  influence  upon  his  early 
life.  He  was  trained  to  be  a  student  and  a  Christian ;  and  the  effect  of  this 
training  was  manifest  through  his  entire  career.  In  youthful  years  he  de- 
veloped noble  qualities,  and  to  the  close  of  life  illustrated  the  virtues  of  a 
matured   manhood. 

As  a  preacher,  he  was  a  clear  thinker,  a  forceful  writer  and  an  effective 
speaker.  He  carefully  studied  his  sermons,  and  felt  that  the  best  he  could 
produce  should  be  given  to  God  and  the  church.  At  the  same  time  his  dis- 
courses were  invariably  practical  and  spiritual.  The  pulpit  was  to  him  a 
means  to  an  end,  and  his  efforts  in  connection  with  it  were  directed  to  the 
glory  of  God  and  the  salvation  of  men.  God  honored  him  as  an  interpreter 
of  the  Word,  and  men  loved  to  hear  him  preach. 

But  as  a  pastor,  as  well  as  a  preacher,  Dr.  Berry  was  singularly  sue- 


3l6  THE  MINISTRY. 

cessful.  His  nature  was  sympathetic  and  his  devotion  to  his  people  intense. 
Whatever  service  would  promote  the  welfare  of  those  to  whom  he  min- 
istered it  was  his  delight  to  render.  He  never  wearied  in  his  endeavors 
to  point  souls  to  Christ  in  times  of  temptation  and  in  seasons  of  sorrow. 
And  by  his  profound  knowledge  of  Scripture  and  his  rich  and  ripened 
Christian  experience  he  was  enabled  to  lead  many  from  darkness  to  light, 
and  from  death  to  life. 

As  a  natural  result  of  his  ability  and  his  piety,  Dr.  Berry  was  frequently 
summoned  to  serve  the  church  at  large.  His  counsel  was  sought  by  those 
who  were  entrusted  with  large  interests,  and  his  executive  aid  was  solicited 
in  behalf  of  many  important  enterprises.  Only  two  days  before  his  death 
he  retired  from  the  Presidency  of  the  General  Synod  and  preached  a  ser- 
mon on  the  occasion,  which  was  characterized  by  marked  earnestness  and 
spirituality.  At  the  close  of  this  discourse,  which  will  long  be  remembered 
by  those  who  heard  it,  he  quoted  that  stanza  of  Dr.  Ray  Palmer's  hymn 
which  the  author  repeated  with  his  last  breath : 

"When   death  these   mortals  eyes   shall  seal 
And  still  this  throbbing  heart, 
The  rending  vail  shall  Thee  reveal, 
All  glorious  as  Thou  art." 

The  act  was  suggestive.  In  less  than  forty-eight  hours  he  had  passed 
through  the  vail  and  experienced  the  ineffable  vision  of  Christ  in  His  glory. 
It  was  a  fitting  close  of  a  faithful  ministry. 

For  him  to  live  was  Christ.  For  him  to  die  was  gain. — Rev.  Dr.  J. 
McC.  Holmes.  See  also  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  of  R.  C,"  1891,  p.  26; 
and  "Mints,  of  Gen.  Syn.,"  1892,  p.  647. 

Publications  :  A  number  of  sermons — One  on  death  of  President  Van 
Buren,  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  July  31,  1862.  "Silence  and  Mystery,"  on  death  of 
President  Garfield,  1881.    "The  Word  of  Life  Is  Near,"  1881. 

Berry,   Philip   (grandson  of  Jas.  V.  C.   Romeyn,  and  brother  of  Jas.  R. 
Berry),  b.  Hackensack,  N.  J.,   Feb.   16,   1837;  R.C.  57,   U.T.S.  57-58, 
N.B.S.  58-60,  1.  CI.  Bergen;  ord.  by  CI.  Mich.;  Grand  Rapids,  Mich., 
60-61,  Scotia,  N.  Y.,  61-63;  Sidon,  Syria   (Am.  Bd.),  63-65;  Athens, 
Pa.,    65-72 ;    became    a    Baptist,    Sutton,    Mass.,    72-75,    Belchertown, 
Mass.,  75-77,  Three  Rivers  and  Palmer,  Mass.,  77-78,  ed.  of  the  "Nat 
Baptist,"  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  78-83,  Southampton,  Pa.,  83-88;  died  Aug. 
23  1889. 
He  and  a  fellow  student  by  the  name  of  Schiebe  visited  Germany  during 
one  of  the  seminary  vacations.     On  their  return  they  were  on  the  ill-fated 
steamer  "Austria,"  which  was  burned  at  sea,  with  a  loss  of  600  lives,  only 
88  persons  being  saved.     The  Christian  passengers  held  a  prayer-meeting 
on  the  stern  of  the  ship  until  the  flames  compelled  them  to  jump  over- 
board, when  he  and  his  friend  mutually  promised  if  either  were  saved  to 
inform  the  family  of  the  other.     Berry  was  saved,  but  Schiebe  was  lost. 
Berry  communicated  the  sad  intelligence  to  Schiebe's  affianced  in  Germany. 
In  course  of  time  she  came  to  America  and  married  Berry.     Mr.  Berry 


THE   MINISTRY.  317 

was  an  accomplished  swimmer,  and  sustained  himself  in  the  water  for 
many  hours,  driving  the  seagulls  away  which  darted  at  him.  In  time  he 
was  picked  up  by  a  passing  vessel.  His  system,  however,  received  a  nerv- 
ous shock  from  which  it  never  fully  recovered.  "The  Burning  of  the 
Austria"  was  subsequently  published  as  a  tract  by  the  American  Tract 
Society.  In  1872  he  became  a  Baptist,  and  was  for  five  years  editor  of  a 
Baptist  paper.  His  health  was  not  sufficient  to  enable  him  to  bear  the 
climate  of  Syria.  See  also  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.,  R.  C,"  1890,  21. 
Bertholf,  see  Bartholf. 

Bertholf,  Guiliam  (William),  b.  in  Sluis,  Holland,  and  baptized  there  Feb. 
20,  1656;  lie.  and  ord.  by  the  CI.  of  Middleburg,  Sept.  16,  1693;  Hack- 
ensack  and  Acquackanonck  (now  Passaic),  N.  J.,  1694-1724;  supplied 
also,  occasionally,  the  churches  on  the  Raritan,  Ponds,  Pompton 
(Plains),  Schraalenberg,  Tappan,  Tarrytown,  Belleville,  Slaten  Island, 
etc.,  1694-1724.     Died  about  1726. 

The  value  of  the  services  of  Mr.  Bertholf  to  our  American  Reformed 
Church  in  its  earlier  periods  was  very  great.  Rev.  Dr.  David  Cole  has 
studied  up  his  history  minutely  and  traced  his  ancestry  and  descendants 
very  fully.  (See  "Cole's  Hist,  of  Church  of  Tappan,"  1894.)  He  united 
with  the  Church  of  Sluis  on  April  4,  1677,  and  remained  there  until  about 
1683,  when  he  and  his  wife,  with  three  children,  came  to  America.  They 
first  settled  at  Bergen,  N.  J.,  uniting  with  that  church  on  Oct.  6,  1684. 
Subsequently  they  lived  at  Aquackanonck  until  about  1690.  He  appears 
as  clerk  and  voorleser  at  Harlem  the  following  year.  But  shortly  after  he 
bought  land  and  settled  at  Hackensack.  The  Church  of  Hackensack  had 
been  organized  in  1686  and  that  of  Aquackononck  in  1693.  These  churches 
had  been  so  impressed  with  Mr.  Bertholf's  gifts  as  Reader  and  Comforter 
of  the  Sick,  that  they  sent  him  to  Holland,  to  the  Classis  of  Middelburg, 
with  the  request  to  have  him  examined,  licensed,  and  ordained  as  their 
pastor.  This  was  done  at  the  date  as  given  above.  Mr.  Bertholf  preached 
his  trial  sermon  on  Mat.  xi,  28:  "Come  unto  Me  all  ye  that  labor,"  etc.  He 
reached  his  home  again  on  Feb.  24,  1694,  and  began  his  ministry,  which 
lasted  for  thirty  years.  It  was  a  ministry  of  untiring  faithfulness,  and  of 
phenomenal  success,  especially  in  the  founding  of  churches.  Until  1709 
he  was  the  only  Dutch  preacher  in  New  Jersey,  and  had  the  sole  spiritual 
charge  of  all  the  Holland  communities  in  that  state.  The  First  Church  of 
Raritan  (now  Somerville)  was  organized  by  him  in  1699,  and  supervised 
by  him  till  the  settlement,  in  1720,  of  Rev.  T.  J.  Frelinghuysen,  its  first 
regular  pastor.  Then,  too,  at  least  three  churches  outside  New  Jersey 
received  his  ministrations  and  care  from  their  beginnings  to  the  end  of  his 
official  life.  Much  preliminary  work  is  now  known  to  have  been  done  by 
the  settlers  themselves,  at  Tappan  from  1686  to  1694,  at  Tarrytown  from 
1680  to  1697,  and  at  Port  Richmond,  S.  I.,  for  some  time  before  1700.  But 
it  was  Domine  Bertholf  who  finally  brought  all  these  communities  to  or- 
ganization, and,  till  1724,  exercised  over  them  a  careful  supervision.  With 
especial  minuteness  of  detail  he  watched  over  and  guided  the  church  at 
Tappan,  which  was  within  a  short  distance  of  his  own  home.     And  he  also 


3*8  THE   MINISTRY. 

started  religious  movements  at  Ponds,  Pompton,  Schraalenburgh,  and 
Second  River  (Belleville),  some  of  which  did  not  take  form  in  church 
organizations  till  he  had  himself  passed  away.  He  was  a  great  lover  of 
his  Lord,  and  deeply  consecrated  to  His  service.  The  writer  of  this  sketch 
knew,  in  his  childhood,  many  aged  people  who  had  received,  direct  from 
contemporaries  of  Domine  Bertholf,  exalted  testimonies  to  his  personal 
character,  his  mental  qualities,  and  his  ministerial  strength  and  faithfulness. 
His  piety  was  deep,  his  judgment  and  tact  superior,  his  grasp  of  the  Bible 
clear  and  strong,  his  preaching  reverent  and  spiritual,  his  intercourse  with 
people  cordial  and  magnetic,  and  his  devotion  to  his  work  untiring.  He 
lived  in  a  quiet  time,  and  left  behind  him  no  written  books  or  pamphlets. 
His  work  was  done  as  noiselessly  as  it  was  done  faithfully,  and  had,  there- 
fore, almost  faded  from  the  church's  knowledge.  His  descendants  are 
very  numerous,  two  ministers  of  the  Reformed  Church  being  among  the 
number. — Rev.  Dr.  David  Cole.  See  also  "Cole's  Bicentennial  of  Tappan," 
1894,  pp.  7-20;  "The  Bicentennial  of  Tarrytown,"  pp.  48,  49,  127-132; 
"Taylor's  Annals  of  Classis  of  Bergen."  The  "Amsterdam  Correspond- 
ence" has  allusions  to  him  in  the  letters  of  the  other  ministers,  who  did  not 
altogether  like  his  methods,  and  who  assert  that  he  was  a  follower  of 
Jacob  Coleman,  the  Labadist. 

Bertholf,  James  Henry,  b.  at  Fredonia,  Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  15, 
1840;  R.C.  64,   N.B.S.  67;  Unionville  and  Greenburgh,  N.   Y.,  67-70, 
New  York  City  (De  Witt  Chapel,  Collegiate  Church),  70-83,  Nassau, 
N.  Y.,  83-8,  Marlboro,  N.  J.,  88-1892,  w.  c. 
Bethune,  Geo.  W.,  b.  in  N.  Y.  C,  1905;  C.C.  and  D.C.   1823,  P.S.   1826; 
(  Miss,  to  colored  people  and  sailors,  Savannah,  Ga.,  1826),  Rhinebeck, 
1827-30,  Utica,  1831-4,  Philadelphia,  1st,  1834-6,  Philadelphia,  3d,  1837- 
49,  Brooklyn  Heights,  1850-9,  New  York,  21st  St.,  1S59-62,  d.  Apr.  28,  at 
Florence,  Italy.     He  also  supplied  the  Am.  Chapel,  Rome,   1859-60. 
He  stood  in  the  front  rank  of  ministers  of  the  Gospel.     Originally  en- 
dowed with  a  fine  mind,  and  furnished  with  every  possible  facility  for  cul- 
tivating and  furnishing  it,  he  achieved  a  very  high  degree  of  success  in  the 
pulpit  and  elsewhere.     A  thorough  master  of  English,  of  finished  taste, 
fertile  in  thought,  rich  in  illustration,  skilled  in  dialectics,  familiar  with  the 
stores   of  the  past,   yet   with   a   quick   eye  to   the   present,   a   proficient   in 
belles-lettres,  he  had  almost  every  literary  requisite  for  the  composition  of 
sermons.     When  to  this  it  is  added  that  he  was  sound  in  the  faith  and  had 
his  heart  in  the  work,  that  he  had  a  most  musical  voice,  of  rare  compass 
and  modulation,  it  is  not  wonderful  that  his  reputation  stood  so  high.     He 
was  a  close  and  diligent  student,  and  never  was  ashamed  to  confess  it.     His 
platfoim  efforts  were  always  impromptu,  but   for  the  pulpit  he  felt  con- 
scientiously bound  to  make  careful  and  thorough  preparation. 

In  occasional  addresses  he  gave  free  play  to  his  genial  humor  and  ready 
wit  (which  he  never  did  in  the  pulpit),  and  thus  became  a  great  favorite 
in  all  popular  assemblies.  He  was  unusually  favored  in  the  variety  of  his 
accomplishments.  He  had  a  nice  ear  for  music,  and  sometimes  composed 
sacred  harmonies  ;  he  had  a  fine  taste  in  painting  and  sculpture ;  he  was  an 


THE   MINISTRY.  3IQ 

accomplished  Latinist  and  Grecian ;  he  was  familiar  with  a  number  of 
modern  languages,  some  of  which  he  spoke  fluently;  he  was  well  read  in 
the  history  of  philosophy,  and  his  general  information  was  both  extensive 
and  accurate. 

At  an  early  age  he  betrayed  a  poetical  genius,  to  which,  however,  he 
never  gave  full  scope.  His  poetry  is  characterized  more  by  delicacy  of 
feeling  and  chasteness  of  diction  than  by  power  or  poetic  fancy,  and  nearly 
all  the  subjects  chosen  for  his  poems  were  of  a  religious  character. 

He  was  a  man  of  very  genial  nature,  sympathetic  and  companionable, 
destitute  of  formality  and  reserve,  with  a  rich  fund  of  anecdote  and  a 
sparkling  wit,  which  gave  a  pungent  zest  to  his  conversation.  He  was  the 
life  of  the  social  circle.  Nor  was  this  mere  good-fellowship,  for  he  had 
real  kindness  of  heart,  which  was  manifest  in  various  effective  ways  to  all 
who  were  near  him. 

The  pulpit  was  the  place  where  he  loved  to  labor,  and  where  he  especially 
excelled  and  wielded  his  greatest  power.  His  fame  in  his  beloved  work  of 
preaching  Christ  is  almost  world-wide.  For  oratory  he  had  a  natural 
adaptation,  which  was  very  early  shown.  But  he  also  studied  the  best 
authorities,  and  by  wise  culture  and  careful  direction  properly  developed 
those  qualities  which  God  had  given  him,  and  the  result  was  a  natural, 
individual  manner  peculiarly  his  own.  He  was  not  cast  in  anybody's 
mould.  He  swayed  large  audiences  at  his  will,  sending  an  indescribable 
thrill  through  every  chord  of  the  heart  as  he  pictured  his  various  scenes ; 
in  his  religious  services  he  melted  to  tears,  and  in  his  popular  addresses  he 
convulsed  multitudes  with  merriment. 

He  realized  very  deeply  that  his  pulpit  was  a  consecrated  place,  and  that 
his  work  there,  whether  as  the  mouth  of  God  to  the  people  or  as  the  mouth 
of  the  people  to  God,  was  of  the  most  responsible  character.  Hence  it  was 
with  him  a  matter  of  special  concern  that  the  highest  possible  interest 
should  be  given  to  every  part  of  the  service.  The  selection  of  his  hymns 
or  psalms  was  very  carefully  made,  and  these  were  read  in  a  manner  to 
give  them  the  fullest  effect  on  the  hearer ;  and  no  man  understood  better 
than  he  how  to  accomplish  this. 

His  devotional  exercises  were  what  they  claimed  to  be — the  outpouring 
of  a  full  heart  at  the  mercy  seat,  tenderly  alive  to  all  the  interests  with 
which  he  was  charged,  and  especially  making  himself  one  with  his  people, 
whom  he  loved  most  tenderly.  All  was  solemn,  humble,  simple,  earnest, 
with  no  rambling  into  the  field  of  fancy,  no  proclamation  of  his  views  on 
the  conflicting  theories  of  theology,  no  attempt  to  show  how  much  he 
knew  and  how  well  he  could  exhibit  it,  but  all  was  truly  devotional.  One 
felt,  as  he  joined  with  him  in  prayer,  that  he  was  really  holding  converse 
with  an  infinitely  holy  Being,  and  occupied  a  place  very  near  the  throne, 
and  was  bowed  down  by  its  overpowering  holiness. 

So  when  he  preached  it  was  as  a  legate  of  the  skies — as  one  appointed 
of  God  to  minister  in  His  name — as  having  a  message  from  God  to  dying 
man,  a  word  of  consolation  to  the  sorrowing,  as  well  as  of  instruction  to 
the  ignorant.     His  preaching  was  eminently  evangelical  and  Biblical,  and 


320  THE   MINISTRY. 

no  hearer  could  avoid  the  impression  that  the  treasures  of  the  Gospel  were 
inexhaustible. 

Christ  and  him  crucified  was  the  theme  in  which  he  delighted  and  on 
which  he  expended  all  his  strength.  And  learned  as  he  was,  having  great 
literary  treasures  at  command,  yet  his  sermons  were  marked  with  the  ut- 
most simplicity.  He  was  also  courageous  and  faithful  as  a  preacher.  The 
fear  of  men  did  not  influence  him.  Hence  he  was  ever  ready  to  proclaim 
the  most  humbling  and  unpalatable  doctrines  of  the  Word  of  Life,  as  cir- 
cumstances required.  He  did  not  hesitate  to  assume  whatever  responsibility 
fairly  belonged  to  a  servant  of  the  living  God.  His  theology  was  that  of  the 
Reformation.  Yet  he  was  no  stranger  to  the  metaphysics  or  the  philosophy 
of  modern  theologians  and  those  of  the  German  schools. 

In  his  pulpit  exercises  a  special  importance  was  given  to  Scripture  read- 
ing. He  felt  bound  to  honor,  on  all  occasions,  the  Bible,  and  his  care  was 
so  to  read  that  men  should  feel  that  it  was  God's  word  they  heard,  and  so 
to  hear  as  to  understand.  His  selections  were  most  judiciously  made  with 
reference  to  the  subject  of  his  discourse,  as  was  the  case  with  the  hymns 
chosen  for  praise,  so  that  a  perfect  harmony  reigned  in  the  services  of  the 
sanctuary.  Nothing  was  carelessly  done  or  allowed  to  pass  off  in  a  slovenly 
manner.  See  "Fowler's  Am.  Pulpit,"  398-400;  "Duyckinck's  Am.  Cyc. 
Lit.,"  ii,  403;  "Dr.  Is.  Ferris'  Mem.  Ser.,"  "Evang.  Quarterly,"  iii,  297; 
"Drake's  Am.  Biog.  Memoir,  by  Dr.  A.  R.  Van  Nest";  "Dr.  W.  J.  R. 
Taylor's  Disc,  on  Death  of  Bethune";  "Cent,  of  N.  B.  S.,"  461,  and  Index. 

Publications  :  "The  Cross  of  Christ :  The  Only  Theme  of  the  Preacher 
of  the  Truth":  Inaugural  at  Utica,  1831.  "Hope  for  the  Christian 
Mourner":  A  discourse  on  the  death  of  the  wife  of  Rev.  A.  M.  Mann, 
1833-  "The  Duty  of  Christian  Ministers":  An  inaugural  discourse,  1834. 
"Reasons  for  Preferring  a  Union  with  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church":  A 
sermon  at  the  installation  of  Dr.  Gosman,  Philadelphia.  1835.  "Our 
Liberties:  Their  Danger  and  the  Means  of  Preserving  Them,"  1835. 
"Genius":  An  address  before  the  Literary  societies  of  Union  College,  1837. 
"True  Glory":  A  sermon  commemorative  of  Stephen  Van  Rensselaer, 
1839.  "Leisure,  its  Uses  and  Abuses" :  A  lecture  before  the  New  York 
Mercantile  Library  Asociation,  1839.  "The  Age  of  Pericles":  A  lecture 
before  the  Athenian  Institute  of  Philadelphia.  1839.  "The  Child  Samuel": 
A  discourse  delivered  at  the  opening  of  the  New  York  Orphan  Asylum, 
1839.  "The  Prospects  of  Art  in  the  United  States" :  An  address  before  the 
Artists'  Fund  Society  of  Philadelphia.  1840.  An  address  before  the  socie- 
ties of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1840.  (See  "Princeton  Review," 
vol.  13.  307.)  A  discourse  on  the  death  of  President  Harrison,  1841. 
"The  Eloquence  of  the  Pulpit,  with  Illustrations  from  St.  Paul":  An  ora- 
tion at  Andover,  Mass.,  1842.  (See  "Princeton  Review,"  vol.  15,  173.) 
"The  Living  Redeemer,"  1842.  (In  "Nat.  Preacher.")  "Duties  of  Edu- 
cated Men":  An  oration  before  the  literary  societies  of  Dickinson  College, 
1843.  (See  "Princeton  Review,"  vol.  16,  130.)  Sermon  before  the  Foreign 
Evangelical  Society  on  the  "Strength  of  Christian  Charity,"  1844.  (In 
"Nat.  Preacher,"  vol.  18;  see  "Princeton  Review,"  vol.  16,  600.)  "The 
Duty  of  a  Patriot :  With  Allusions  to  the  Life  and  Death  of  Andrew  Jack- 


THE    MINISTRY.  321 

son,"  1845.  "A  Plea  for  Study":  An  oration  before  the  literary  societies 
of  Yale  College,  1845.  "Early  Lost,  Early  Saved" :  An  argument  for  the 
salvation  of  infants,  with  consolation  for  bereaved  parents;  with  original 
and  selected  poems,  1846.  (See  "Princeton  Review,"  vol.  18,  371.)  A 
volume  of  sermons,  1846.  "A  Word  to  the  Afflicted,"  1846.  "The  Fruit 
of  the  Spirit,"  1846.  (See  "Princeton  Review,"  vol.  18,  340.)  "The 
Unity  of  the  Church,"  1847.  "The  Relation  of  our  Sunday-school  System 
to  our  Christian  Patriotism":  Annual  sermon  in  behalf  of  the  Sunday- 
school  Union,  1847.  (See  "Princeton  Review,"  vol.  ig,  585.)  "The  Com- 
plete Angler;  or,  The  Contemplative  Man's  Recreation,"  by  Izaac  Walton, 
and  "Instructions  How  to  Angle  for  a  Trout  or  Grayling  in  a  Clear 
Stream,"  by  Charles  Cotton.  With  copious  notes,  for  the  most  part  orig- 
inal, a  "Bibliographical  Preface,"  giving  an  "Account  of  Fishing  and  Fish- 
ing Books  from  the  Earliest  Antiquity  to  the  Time  of  Walton,"  and  a 
"Notice  of  Cotton  and  his  Writings."  To  which  is  added  an  appendix, 
including  illustrative  ballads,  music,  papers  on  "American  Fishing,"  and 
the  most  complete  catalogue  of  books  on  "Angling,"  etc.,  ever  printed. 
One  vol.,  i2mo.  "Part  I,"  pp.  345;  "Part  II,"  pp.  239.  New  York  and 
London.  Wiley  &  Putnam,  1847.  "The  British  Female  Poets;  with 
Biographical  and  Critical  Notices,"  1848.  "The  History  of  a  Penitent":  A 
guide  for  the  inquiring,  1848.  "The  Doct.  of  Evang.  Submission,"  1848. 
"Nat.  Preacher" — "Faith,  Hope,  and  Victory,"  1848.  "Nat.  Preacher" — 
"Lays  of  Love  and  Faith,"  1848.  "The  Claims  of  Our  Country  upon  its 
Literary  Men" :  An  oration  before  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Society  of  Harvard 
University,  1849.  "The  Cry  of  the  Poor  Man  and  its  Answer" :  A  sermon 
before  the  American  Board,  1856.  Address  at  unveiling  of  the  Equestrian 
Statue  of  Washington,  Union  sq.,  N.  Y.  C,  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  July  10,  1856. 
"Memoirs  of  Mrs.  Joanna  Bethune;  with  an  Appendix,  containing  "Ex- 
tracts from  Her  Writings,"  i2mo.  "Thanksgiving  and  Thank-offerings," 
1857.  Address  at  the  forty-second  anniversary  of  the  American  Bible  So- 
ciety, 1858.  Letter  to  President  Buchanan,  urging  him  to  "Arrest  the 
Progress  of  the  Slave  Power,"  "Christ  at  the  Door"  ("N.  Y.  Pulpit  in 
Revival  of"  1858.)  "Expository  Lectures  on  the  Heidelberg  Catechism," 
2  vols.,  1864.  (The  MS.  of  these  sermons  is  in  the  Sage  Library  at  New 
Brunswick;  see  "Princeton  Review,"  vol.  36,  705.)  A  sermon  on  "Victory 
over  Death  and  the  Grave,"  1874.  (In  "Pulpit  Eulogies  of  Nineteenth 
Century.")  "Letters":  See  "Van  Nest's  Life  and  Letters  of  Bethune  and 
Todd's  Life  of  Labagh."— Article  in  "Sprague's  Annals  on  Dr.  Brodhead." 
We  append  the  publications  of  his  mother: 

Bethune,  Mrs.  Joanna. — "Infant  School  Grammar,"  i8mo,  pp.  132,  New 
York,  1830.  (Published  anonymously.)  "Life  of  Isabella  Graham," 
abridged  for  the  use  of  Sunday-schools,  with  portrait,  241110,  pp.  144,  New 
York,  1834.  "The  Unpublished  Letters  and  Correspondence  of  Mrs.  Isabella 
Graham,  from  1767  to  1814,  Exhibiting  her  Religious  Character  in  the 
Different  Relations  of  Life/'  1838.  "The  Ten  Commandments,"  "Lord's 
Prayer,"  etc.,  "Analyzed  and  Explained,"  iSmo,  pp.  72,  New  York,  1859. 

Betten,  Antonie  Jacob,  -b.  in  Utrecht,  Neths.,  July  19,  1813 ;  ord.  at  Noorde- 


$22  THE   MINISTRY. 

loos,  July  12,   1842;  Noordeloos,  S.  Holland,  Neths.,  42-47;  c.  to  the 

United  States,  w.  c.  Died  Dec.  6,  1900. 
He  was  one  of  the  prime  movers  in  the  great  tide  of  Christian  immigra- 
tion of  Hollanders  to  the  United  States  in  the  middle  of  the  nineteenth 
century.  He  was  associated  with  Van  Raalte,  Scholte,  and  others.  He 
never  took  a  ministerial  charge  in  America,  but  was  continually  engaged  in 
preaching  the  Gospel  in  Pella,  Iowa,  and  surrounding  mission  stations.  He 
left  Holland,  April  11,  1841,  arriving  at  Baltimore  in  June,  and  at  Pella, 
Iowa,  on  Sept.  2  of  the  same  year.  During  the  first  years  of  his  residence 
in  Orange  City  he  often  preached  in  school  houses,  seven  or  eight  miles 
out  in  the  country.  He  also  did  the  pioneer  work  of  what  is  now  the  pros- 
perous church  of  Nevvkirk,  Ind.     See  also  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1901,  p.  1230. 

Betten,  Dirk  Lawrence  (grandson  of  A.  J.  Betten),  b.  Pella,  la.,  Jan.  29, 
1869;  H.C.  90,  Mich.  University  91,  N.B.S.  94;  I.  CI.  N.B. ;  Paterson, 
1st  Holland,  94-7,  Brighton,  N.  Y.,  1897 

Betts,  Wm.  Rowland  Spalding,  b.  Troy,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  23,  1800;  U.C.  1826, 
P.S.  30,  (Phelps,  N.  Y.,  31-4.  Upper  Freehold,  N.  J.,  37-40,  Mt.  Holly, 
N.  J.,  41-2),  Spottswood,  42-5,  Leeds,  45-50,  Athens,  50-5,  Grahamville, 
55-6,  Shokan  and  Shandaken,  56-61,  (Otisville,  N.  Y.,  62-5,  Presb.) 
Miss,  in  Ocean  Co.,  N.  J.,  66-8.     Died  Sept.  28,  1883. 

Betz,  Wm.  F.,  b.  in  Europe;  a  Miss,  in  India,  of  the  Rhenish  Miss.  Soc, 
1863-75,  May;  Lodi,  N.  J.,  (Hoi.),  1875-8.  went  to  Germany,  and  subse- 
quently to  Holland  ;  Warnsveld,  Holl.,  1879-81,  d.  June  5. 

Bevier,  John  H,  b.  1805,  studied  under  Westbrook,  and  N.B.S.  1831,  1.  CI. 
N.B.  1831;  Shawangunk,  1831-43,  Ed.  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  1843- 
52;  Fordham,  1851-3,  Glenham,  1853-60,  Rensselaer,  1860-3,  Rosendale, 
1864-7,  S.S.  New  Concord,  1867-73,  Emeritus,  Ap.  15,  73.  Died  Aug. 
14,  1880.     See  "Ch.  Int.,"  Aug.  26,  1880. 

Beyer,  Albert  F.,  b.  Gensungen,  Groningen,  Neths.,  Nov.  20,  1852;  College 
Dept.  of  Ger.  Theol.  Sch.,  Dubuque,  la.,  76;  Danville  Theol.  Sem.,  Ky., 
79.  lie.  by  Transylvania  Presbyt.  78;  ord.  by  Alton  Presby.  79;  (Foster- 
burg,  111.,  Presb.,  79-88)  ;  Silver  Creek,  German  Valley,  111.,  1888 

Publications  :  Editor  of  "Der  Mitarbciler,"  a  German  monthly,  the 
organ  of  the  Classis  of  Pleasant  Prairie,  111.,  begun  Apr.  15,  1900. 

Beyer,  Evert  G.,  b.  Jan,  14,  1856,  in  Iowa;  Central  Univer.,  la.,  84,  N.B.S. 
87,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  ord.  by  Presbyt.  of  Dubuque,  88;  (Farley,  la.,  87-9, 
Coggon,  la.,  89-92,  Littleton  and  Otterville,  92-3,  Hazelton,  1893 

Beys,  Henricus,  b.  at  Dordrecht,  1675  ;  matriculated  at  Leyden,  Sept.  13, 
1694,  to  study  theology ;  matriculated  again  Aug.  27,  1701  (aged  27)  to 
study  medicine ;  ord.  May  4,  1705 ;  came  to  America  1705 ;  Kingston, 
1705-8;  returned  to  Holland  (Harlem  and  Fordham,  Episcopalian, 
1710-12)  ;  suspended  by  Classis  of  Amsterdam;  restored  to  Dutch  min- 
istry, 1713;  Curacoa,  1714-17. . 

After  the  departure  of  Nucella  to  London  the  church  of  Kingston  wrote 
to  the  Classis  to  send  them  a  minister  (June  26,  1704).  It  was  during  this 
vacancy  that  Cornbury  endeavored  to  foist  Rev.  Mr.  Hepburn  on  the  church 


THE   MINISTRY.  323 

of  Kingston,  but  without  success.  In  the  meantime  Mr.  Beys  was  accepted, 
ordained,  and  sent  to  Kingston.  He  and  Antonides  came  together  and 
endeavored  to  present  their  compliments  to  Cornbury  on  their  arrival,  when 
they  met  with  very  insulting  treatment  from  him.  (See  "Beys's  Journal" 
and  the  correspondence  of  the  period.)  Cornbury  forbade  him  to  preach. 
This  ultimately  led  to  legal  action,  and  was  one  of  the  factors  in  the  down- 
fall and  disgrace  of  Cornbury.  Beys  was  styled  by  the  Classis  a  young 
man  of  many  good  qualities,  godly  in  deportment,  and  likely  to  make  a 
very  useful  minister.  But  in  his  enforced  silence  at  Kingston  for  a  year 
or  more,  he  became  involved  in  a  scandal  which  led  to  his  return  to  Hol- 
land in  1708.  He  made  no  complaints  against  the  church  of  Kingston,  but 
suddenly  left,  without  permission,  and  without  defending  himself,  and  went 
to  England,  where  he  received  Episcopal  orders  for  the  Dutch  people  of 
Harlem  and  Fordham.  Col.  Lewis  Morris  had  persuaded  him  to  this  step. 
Morris  wrote  to  the  Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel  on  May  30,  1709: 
"I  have  used  some  endeavors  to  persuade  the  Dutch  in  my  neighborhood 
into  a  good  opinion  of  the  churches  of  England  and  have  had  that  success, 
that  they  would,  I  believe,  join,  a  great  part  of  them,  in  the  sacraments  and 
worship  had  they  Dutch  Common.  Prayer  Books  and  a  man  that  under- 
stood their  language."  ("Dix's  Hist.  Trinity  Church,"  i,  177.)  This  led 
to  Beys's  settlement  among  them.  A  conference  of  Dutch  ministers  was 
held  at  Kingston  and  a  full  account  of  all  the  circumstances  about  Beys 
sent  to  the  Classis.  The  criminal  charges  were  not  proven.  In  Vol.  viii, 
No.  11,  of  the  Archives  of  the  Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel,  are 
found  the  testimonials  in  favor  of  Mr.  Beys  and  No.  12  contains  his 
Memorial,  proposing  "to  serve  the  vacant  church  of  New  Harlem  to  pave 
the  way  for  introducing  the  Liturgy  of  the  Church  of  England."  He  was 
regularly  appointed  thereto  in  1712,  but  did  not  remain  long  on  that  field. 
The  papers  of  the  English  Society  would  afford  material  for  an  interesting 
monograph  on  this  episode.  (See  Riker's  Harlem,  458-9,  472.)  In  1714 
Mr.  Beys  was  again  in  Holland  and  was  relieved  of  his  censure  for  deser- 
tion of  his  office  at  Kingston  and  for  becoming  an  Episcopalian!  He  was 
then  sent  as  second  pastor  to  Curacoa.  See  many  letters  and  documents 
under  date  in  the  "Amsterdam  Correspondence,"  now  in  course  of  publi- 
cation by  the  State  of  New  York.  "Doc.  Hist.,  4to,  iii,  84.  "Col.  Hist." 
v,  326,  354.  "Bolton's  Hist.  Westchester,"  ii,  332.  "Waldron's  Huguenots 
of  Westchester  and  Parish  of  Fordham,"  N.Y.,  1864. 

Bielfield,  H.     From  G.R.  Ch.  1855,  Ger.  Ref.  Harlem,  1855. 

Billingsley,  John  Alver,  b.  Sharonville,  0.,  Nov.  15,  1854;  Waynesburg 
Col.  78;  Y.T.S.  76-7,  U.T.S.  78-80;  ord.  by  Cumb.  Presb.,  Miami,  Aug. 
27,  77;  city  missionary  of  Ref.  C.  in  A.  in  N.Y.C..  79-81  (Oxford, 
Miss.  (Cum.  Presb.),  81)  ;  Manor  Chapel  of  South  Refd.  Ch.,  N.  Y.  C, 
82-90     Brooklyn  (Presb.),  1891. 

Bingham,  Luther,  b.  at  Cornwell,  Vt,  June  10,  1798,  Mid.  Coll.  1821  And. 
Sem.  25,  lie.  Essex  Assoc.  Mass.,  25  (Marietta,  O.,  25-37,  Cincinnati, 
37-43.  Williston,  Vt.,  43"5i,  Journalist,  51-77).  Entered  R.D.C.,  55, 
Colporteur  and  connected  with  Bd.  Pub.     Died  1877. 


324  THE   MINISTRY. 

While  at  Cincinnati  he  was  agent  in  the  temperance  cause  and  editor  of 
a  temperance  paper.  As  such  at  that  time  and  in  that  locality,  he  had 
peculiar  trials  and  conflicts  to  endure ;  hut  he  stood  boldly  in  defense  of 
the  cause  in  the  face  of  fearful  mobs  and  the  enemy  quailed  under  his  in- 
fluence. It  was  in  the  long  and  weary  horseback  rides  over  western 
prairies,  to  carry  the  tidings  of  salvation  to  the  needy,  that  he  laid  the  foun- 
dation of  .bronchial  affections,  which  finally  unfitted  him  for  public  speak- 
ing. He  came  to  New  York  to  find  some  means  of  supporting  his  family. 
He  soon  became  deeply  interested  in  the  Fulton  Street  Prayer-meeting,  and 
afterward  acted  as  colporteur  among  the  Union  troops  in  South  Carolina 
during  the  rebellion.  He  was  the  author,  for  about  eighteen  years,  of  the 
reports  of  the  Fulton  Street  Prayer-meeting  in  the  "New  York  Observer" 
and  "Christian  Intelligencer."  He  wrote  certain  chapters  in  Prime's  "Power 
of  Prayer."  He  published  "Army  Life,  "Hospital  Life,"  "Living  Words 
from  Living  Men,"  "The  LTigh  Mountain  Apart,"  "The  Young  Quarter- 
master," "The  Little  Syracuse  Boy,"  "The  Little  Drummer  Boy,"  "Out 
of  Darkness  into  Light,"  etc.,  etc.  These  practical  and  simple  books  did  an 
immense  amount  of  good." 

Birchby,  H.  Gough,  b.  Euxton.  Eng.,  1853;  La  F.  Coll.  81,  U.S.  84,  Presbyt. 

84-02;  Holland,  Mich.   (Hope  Ch.).  1892-9.     See  "U.S.  Cat." 
Bird,  Addison  Caleb,  b.  Unionville,  Westchester  Co.,  N.Y. ;  educated.  Mt. 

Hermon,    Mass.:    N.B.S.    1896;    1.    CI.    Westchester;    Stanton,    N.    J., 

1896 

Birdsall,   Edward,  b.   in  Williamsburg   (Brooklyn),   N.Y.,   Aug.  21,   1842; 

N.B.S.  80;  1.  CI.  Westchester;  Three  Bridges,  N.J.,  80-4,  Addisviile. 

Pa.,  84-8,    Schodack,   N.Y.,  8892,   Clifton,    N.J.,  92-1899,   d.   April   8. 

See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.  1899,  570. 
Birkby.  John,  b.  at  Yorkshire,  Eng.,   1792;  Rotherham  Coll.,  Eng.,  18..; 

ordained   by   the    Congregationalists    (Earl    Shelton,   Leicester,    Eng., 

18..  ;  Tockholcs,  Lancaster,  Eng..  18..— 35;  Hanover,  N.H.,  1835-40)  ; 

Gansevoort,  40-45,  d.  1S61.     See  "Manual  of  1879'';  "Ch.  Int."  May  30. 

1861. 
Birkey,   Ab.,  b.   1806    (Detroit.   Ger.   Ref.  49-52).   2d   G.D.R.    Ch.   N.Y.C. 

52-65.  d.  1867. 
Bishop,  Alex.  Hamilton,  b.  at  New  Haven,  Ct.  1810;  Y.C.  30,  P.S.  35,  1.  by 

Connecticut  Assoc.  Astoria,  40-53,  d.  1854. 

He  was  a  remarkable  man.  To  natural  powers  of  a  high  order  he  added 
years  of  unceasing  culture.  He  had  explored  the  varied  fields  of  literature 
and  his  views  on  most  subjects  were  in  advance  of  those  of  his  age.  Few 
knew  the  elevated  standard  which  he  had  attained,  for  to  all  his  intellectual 
cuUivation  there  was  joined  a  shrinking  delicacy  and  an  unusual  reserve 
which  did  not  reveal  his  true  character.  Independent  of  men  and  of  their 
sentiments,  he  was  frequently  misunderstood.  He  was  evidently  matur- 
ing for  high  purposes  (for  all  the  results  of  his  study  and  research  were 
devoted  to  the  glory  of  God  and  the  good  of  man)  :  but  God  took  him  in 
the  midst  of  his  usefulness  and  promise.  His  last  words  were,  "I  trust  in 
the  Gospel  as  I  preached  it." — Dr.  M.  S.  Hutton. 


THE   MINISTRY.  325 

Bishop,  George  Sayles,  b.  at  Rochester,  N.Y.,  June  28,  1836;  A.C.  58, 
A.S.  and  P.S.  64,  lie.  Presbyt.  Rochester,  June,  1863;  ord.  by  Presbyt. 
N.B.  June,  1864  (Trenton,  2d,  64-66,  Newburgh  (Calvary),  66-72, 
Orange,  2d,  72-75,  all  Presbyt.)  ;  Orange,  N.  J.,  1875 

D.D.  by  R.C.  1877.— Vedder  Lecturer,  1885: 

Topic:  Common  Sense  and  Faith.  1.  God  above  Nature.  2.  The  Bible 
above  Nature;  Inspiration,  Literal  and  Direct.  3.  Creation  above  Nature. 
4.  Redemption  above  Nature.     5.  Life  and  Resurrection  above  Nature. 

Publications  :  "Truth  immutable."  Sheol :  "The  Revision  Examined." 
"Why  did  God  create?"  "Genesis  and  the  Creation  Week."  "Pretention; 
Justice  of  God  in  the  Permission  of  Sin.  Predestination  and  Elect  Infants." 
"Election :  a  Popular  Address."  "Reprobation :  God  Glorified  in  the  Ves- 
sels of  Wrath."  "The  Doctrine  of  Grace."  "The  Spirit,  the  Revealer  of 
Christ."  "Shut  up  to  the  Faith,"  1884.  "Elements  of  Gospel  Comfort." 
"Holy  Baptism  a  True  Sacrament."  "The  Holy  Supper."  "The  Re- 
formed Church  a  Rock."  "Foundation  Doctrines  of  the  Reformed  Church: 
Sermon  preached  by  Appointed  before  Particular  Synod  and  Published  by 
their  Request."  "The  Creed-Principle  in  Religion."  "Eggshell  of  a 
Creed."  Secularism  and  the  Trusteeship."  "Liturgy  in  the  Reformed 
Worship,"  1900.  "The  Pursuit  of  Holiness."  "Fallen  from  Grace,  or 
Foolish  Galatians."  "Enthusiasm."  "A  Plea  for  Revival."  "The  Ques- 
tion of  the  Second  Advent."  "Watch:  the  Second  Advent."  "Few  that 
be  Saved."  "James  Arminius ;  or,  False  to  his  Trust."  "The  Story  of 
Arius:  Another  Higher-Criticism  Man."  "Jonah  the  Keystone  of  the 
Testaments."  "Contradictions  in  the  Bible."  "Words  for  the  Unsettled  in 
Soul."  About  fifty  editorials  and  articles  in  the  "Sower  and  Gospel  Field," 
1877-8.  Many  contributions  to  the  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  "N.  Y.  Inde- 
pendent," "Southern  Presbyterian  Review"  and  to  other  magazines  and 
newspapers  on  the  current  topics  of  the  day. 

Black,  John,  b.  East  Greenbush,  N.  Y.,  May  1,  1868;  R.C.  98,  N.B.S.  1901, 
I.  CI.  Rennselaer;  Easton,  N.  Y.,  1901 

Blategen,  J.,  b.  Sept.  15,  1824,  at  Muelheim,  Ger. ;  c.  to  America,  1848 
(studied  at  Mercersburg,  Pa.,  and  Tiffin,  O. ;  Linton,  Ind. ;  Evansville, 
Ind. ;  Newton,  Wis. ;  Mosel,  Wis. ;  Boegers  Store,  Mo. ;  Centreville, 
Wis.;  Menno,  S.  D.;  all  in  R.C.  of  U.S.)  ;  Forreston,  III.,  80-5.     Died. 

Blair,  Harlan  Page,  b.  1842;  ord.  1876  (Congreg.  Deer  River,  Copenhagen, 
Westmoreland,  18.  .-81)  ;  West  Farms,  81-4,  Germantown,  N.  Y.,  84-7; 
d.  Mar.  11.     See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1890,  918. 

Blair,  Robert,  J.,  b.  in  N.  J.,  May  8,  1797;  N.B.S.  1823,  1.  CI 1823; 

Miss,  to  Princetown  and  Guilderland  (Helderbergh),  1824,  Miss,  to 
Salem,  1825,  Princetown  and  Helderbergh,  1825-7,  Helderbergh,  1827- 
30,  w.  c.  1858;  d.  Jan.  19. 

He  is  remembered  for  his  eminently  consistent  life  as  a  Christian  and  as 
a  minister  of  Christ,  for  the  evangelical  character  of  his  preaching  and  his 
zeal.  Meek  and  inoffensive  as  he  was,  few  men  have  been  more  faithful  in 
the  discharge  of  pastoral  duty,  preaching  the  Gospel  by  the  wayside  and 


328  THE   MINISTRY. 

On  Feb.  16,  1660,  he  returned,  "ordained  to  preach  on  water  and  on  the 
land,  and  in  all  the  neighborhood,  but  specially  at  Esopus."  In  three  years 
his  church  had  grown  from  16  to  60  members.  At  the  Indian  massacre  at 
Wiltwyck,  in  1663.  he  acted  most  bravely,  helping  to  drive  away  the  sav- 
ages.— "Doc.  Hist.,"  iii,  581;  '"Col.  Hist.,"  ii,  223;  "Letters  in  Amst.  Cor." 

Bluhm,  Conrad,  b.  Cleveland,  O.,  May  11,  1867;  Colorado  Univer.  95,  U.S. 
97,  ord.  CI.  Bergen;  Hoboken,  1st,  1897 

Publications  :     Several  pamphlets. 

Bodine,  Geo.  D.  W.,  b.  Aug.  20,  1836,  Seneca  Co.,  N.  Y.;  R.C.  61,  N.B.S. 

64,   1.   CI.   Geneva,   Addisville,   Pa.,  64-8,   Germantown,    N.   Y.,   68-74, 

Bushnell,  74-79;  d.  1880. 
He  had  a  most  tender  regard  for  the  feelings  and  reputations  of  his 
brethren.  When  he  could  not  speak  well  of  them  he  was  cautiously  and 
charitably  silent.  As  a  pastor  he  was  diligent,  social,  genial,  faithful,  and 
full  of  sympathy.  Few  men  were  better  fitted  to  reconcile  contending  ele- 
ments. Yet  he  was  ever  firm  when  duty  required.  As  a  preacher  he  was 
clear,  methodical,  independent,  and  strong.  With  firm  health  and  long 
life  he  would  have  become  eminently  useful. 

Boehme,  John  Philip,  b.  Hochstadt,  Ger. ;  baptized  there  Nov.  25,    1683 ; 
teacher  at   Worms,    1708-15,   at  Lambsheim,    1715-20;   c.   to  America, 
1720;  first  Reader  and  subsequently  Pastor  at  Falc.kner  Swamp,  Skip- 
pach  and  Whitemarsh,  Pa.,  1725-49;  org.  chs.  at  Conestoga,  Lancaster 
Co.,    Pa.,    1727;   at   Tulpehocken,    1727;   also   Pastor   at   Philadelphia, 
1734-48;  org.  ch.  at  Oley,  Pa.,  1736.     Died  1749. 
Owing  to  the  dearth  of  ministers  in  Pennsylvania,  he  assumed  the  office 
at  the  request  of  the  people  and  administered  the  sacraments.     When  Ger- 
man ministers  began  to  arrive,  he  sought  correspondence  with  the  Classis 
of  Amsterdam,  and  was  finally  legally  ordained  in  the  name  of  the  Classis, 
by  the  Dutch  ministers  in  New  York,  Nov.  23,  1729.     The  correspondence 
and   all   the   proceedings   are  entered    in   the   "Minutes  of   the   Collegiate 
Church,"  N.  Y.  C.     Rev.  Dr.  T.  W.  Chambers  made  a  translation  of  this 
material,  and  it  was  published  in  the  "Mercersberg  Review,"  October,  1876. 
The  same  documents,  and  many  more  pertaining  to  this  matter,  are  found 
in  full  in  the  "Amsterdam  Correspondence,"  now  in  course  of  publication 
by  the  state  of  New  York.     The  Classis  ratified  all  his  acts  done  before 
ordination.     He  attended   the  first  meeting  of  the  Dutch  Coelus  in  1738. 
He  was  most  active  in  organizing  the  scattered  German  settlers  in  Penn- 
sylvania into  churches.     He  was  one  of  the  four  ministers  who  organized 
the  German   Ccetus   in   1747.     His  life   was  very  active  and  very  useful. 
"Van  Home's  Hist,   of  Ger.   Ch.,    Philadelphia."     Dr.  Jas.   I.  Good  pub- 
lished a  sketch  of  his  life — "Early  Fathers  of  Refd.  Ch,"  1897;  and  gives 
much  material  relating  to  him  in  his  "Hist,  of  Refd.  Ch.  in  U.  S.,"  1899. 

Boehrer,  John,  b.  in  Germany,  1828;  c.  to  America,  1847;  studied  under 
Guldin  and  others;  lie.  N.  CI.  L.  I.,  1854;  laboring  at  Astoria  and 
Newtown,  54-6;  West  Leyden,  56-62,  Jeffersonville,  Thumansville,  and 


THE    MINISTRY.  329 

Milesville,  62-5,  Naumberg  and  New  Bremen,  68-74,  Mina,  74-9,  labor- 
ing for  Am.  Tract  Soc,  79-86,  Buffalo,  87-97,  w.  c. 
Boel,  Henricus  (son  of  Tobias),  b.  Amsterdam,  1692;  matriculated  in 
Leyden  University,  Sept.  17,  1712,  for  the  study  of  theology;  New 
York,  1713-54;  d.  June  27.  Officiated  also  frequently  in  all  the  neigh- 
boring churches. 

He  was  the  decided  opponent  of  Frelinghuysen  in  his  more  evangelistic 
and  revivalistic  methods  at  Raritan.  Domine  Van  Santvoord  in  his  "Dia- 
logue between  Candidus  and  Consideraus,"  constantly  refers  to  Boel,  al- 
though not  by  name.  Bod's  brother,  a  lawyer,  drew  up  the  charges 
against  Frelinghuysen  for  his  evangelical  preaching  in  a  pamphlet  of  150 
pages,  called  the  "Klagte,"  or  "Complaint."  Domine  Boel  was  of  an 
irascible  temper,  and  even  encouraged  the  disaffected  in  Goetschius'  con- 
gregation at  Jamaica.  Yet  the  judicious  course  and  amiable  spirit  of  his 
older  colleague,  Du  Bois,  prevented  any  collision  between  them  as  col- 
leagues. The  obituary  notice  of  Boel,  July  1,  1754,  in  the  "New  York 
Mercury,"  refers  to  his  great  learning,  his  orthodoxy,  and  his  ability  in 
controversy.  It  also  adds  that  he  was  a  tender  and  affectionate  parent,  and 
a  generous  and  charitable  friend  of  the  poor.  "Amsterdam  Correspond- 
ence," "Doc.  Hist.  N.  Y.,"  iii,  576;  "Eng.  Mints.  Ch.  N.  Y.  Lib.  B.,"  43; 
"Collegiate  Ch.  Year-Book,"  1883,  66.  The  dates  in  the  obituary  notice 
are  not  quite  consistent.  He  had  been  pastor  for  forty-two  years,  and  not 
thirty-seven,  as  there  said.  The  "Leyden  Catalogue"  also  fixes  his  birth 
at  1692,  and  not  1688.     See  also  "Manual,"  of  1879. 

Boelen,  Hermanus  Lancelot,  Jamaica,  Newtown,  Oyster  Bay,  and  Success, 
1766-72,  Oyster  Bay  and  Newtown,  1772-80. 

He  was  a  Tory  in  the  Revolution,  and  in  1780  returned  to  Holland.  His 
warm  prayers  for  the  King  exasperated  the  Whigs.  He  was  a  widower, 
accompanied  by  his  daughter,  and  his  language  is  said  to  have  been  too 
pure  and  high-flown  for  the  people.  He  was  of  small  stature,  but  had  a 
stentorion  voice.  He  did  not  attend  the  meeting  for  union  in  1771,  although 
earnestly  exhorted  to  come  by  Dr.  Livingston. — "Mints.  Ch.  N.  Y.,  Lib.  B.," 
386,  Eng.  translation. 

Boer,  Henry  K.,  b.  Dalfsen,  Neths.,  Aug.  12,  1845 ;  H.C.  70,  W.S.  73,  lie. 
CI.  Holland ;  ord.  by  CI.  Grand  River,  74,  Apr.  8,  as  Miss.  Pastor ;  De- 
troit and  South  Haven,  74-6,  Buffalo  and  Dunkirk,  76-9,  Albany  (Hoi.), 
79-85,  Maurice,  la.,  85-90,  Coopersville,  Mich.,  90-2,  Grand  Rapids, 
9th,  92-5,  Hamilton,  Mich.,  95-1900,  Chicago  (N.  W.  ch.),  1900 

Boer,  Nicholas  (neph.  of  H.  K.  Boer),  b.  Drenthe,  Mich.,  Mar.  21,  1872; 
H.C.  97,  W.S.  1900,  1.  CI.  Holland;  Jamestown,  2d  (Mich.),  1900 

Boetcher,  Wm.  H.  J.     Brooklyn  (Ger.  Am.  Refd.),  1898 

Bogardus,  Cornelius,  b.  Sept.  25,  1780;  studied  theol.  under  Livingston,  1. 
CI.  N.  Y.,  1808;  Schenectady,  1808-12;  d.  Dec.  13. 

Bogardus,  Cornelius  (nephew  of  Cornelius  Bogardus,  above),  b.  at  Fish- 
kill,  1785;  U.C.  1816.  N.B.S.  18,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Miss,  to  Madison  and 
Warren  Cos..  N.  Y.,  18-20,  Beaverdam,  21-5,  Wynantskill,  26-32,  Boght, 


330 


THE   MINISTRY. 


34-8,   Gilboa  and  Conesville,  38-42,   supplied   Blenheim   for  a  time,  a 
teacher,  43-54,  d.     He  published  a  treatise  on  the  Mode  of  Baptism, 
1821. 
Bogardus,  Everardus,  b.  Woerden   (near  Utrecht),   1607;  matriculated  in 
Leyden  University,  July  17,  1627,  for  the  study  of  letters ;  Comforter 
of  the  Sick  in  Guinea,  16.. -1632;  ord.  by  CI.  of  Amsterdam,  June  14, 
1632 ;  New  Amsterdam,  1633-47,  resigned  July  22.     Sailed  for  Holland 
Aug.  16  on  "The  Princess."     Drowned  Sept.  27,  1647. 
The  first  definite  reference  to  New  Amsterdam  in  the  "Minutes  of  the 
Classis  of  Amsterdam"  is  in  connection  with  the  examination  and  ordina- 
tion of  Bogardus.     It  is  an  interesting  specimen  of  the  Dutch  of  that  period, 
and  runs  as  follows : 


1632,  Juni  7.  Everardus  Bo- 
gardus, die  voor  Sickentrooster  is 
geweest  in  Guinea,  heeft  syne  testi- 
monia  naar  den  Classis  gepraesent- 
eert,  de  welcke  seer  goet  syn ;  en 
daarby  versoeckt  van  den  Classis 
peremptoir  geexamineert  te  wor- 
den,  welck  versoeck  hem  is  tocges- 
taen,  en  sal  toecomen  Maandach 
geexamineert  worden  van  D. 
Pracsidie;  met  Conrado  Clevio,  die 
oock  goede  getuygenisse  overgele- 
veert  heeft. — Vol.  iv,  22. 


1632,  June  7.  Everardus  Bo- 
gardus, who  was  formerly  a  Com- 
forter of  the  Sick  in  Guinea,  pre- 
sented his  testimonials  to  the 
Classis,  which  are  very  excellent. 
He  then  requested  to  be  examined 
by  the  Classis  peremptoir  (»'.  e.,  fin- 
ally, for  ordination),  which  request 
was  granted  him.  Next  Monday  he 
will,  accordingly,  be  examined  by 
the  Rev.  (Domine)  President,  to- 
gether with  Conrad  Clevius,  who 
has  also  handed  in  good  testi- 
monials.— Vol.  iv,  22. 


The  following  Monday  the  examination  and  ordination  occurred: 


1632,  Juni  14.  Everardus  Bo- 
gardus heeft  een  propositie  gedaan 
over  de  woorden  Pauli,  Gal.  v,  16, 
en  is  daarop  tot  examen  togelaten 
worden.  Conradus  Clevius,  die  met 
hem  soude  geexamineert  worden, 
.  .  .  en  beyde  mogen  tot  den  H. 
dienst  gepromoteert  worden. — Vol. 
iv,  23. 


1632,  June  14.  Everardus  Bo- 
gardus treated  a  proposition 
(preached  a  sermon)  on  the  words 
of  Paul,  Gal.  v,  16  ("Walk  in  the 
Spirit  and  ye  shall  not  fulfill  the 
lusts  of  the  flesh"),  and  was  there- 
upon admitted  to  the  examination. 
Conrad  Clevius,  who  was  examined 
with  him  .  .  .  and  both  are  to  be 
promoted  to  the  Holy  Ministry. — 
Vol.  iv,  23. 


In  the  "Minutes  of  the  Synod  of  North  Holland,"  at  Alckmaar,  Aug. 
17,  scq.,  1632,  in  the  list  of  "Ministerial  Changes"  of  the  Classis  of  Amster- 
dam, we  find,  under  the  head  of  "Entered":  "Everardus  Bogardus,  sent  to 
New  Netherland ;  Conrad  Cleverus,  sent  to  Pharnabruck." 

For  a  long  time  Bogardus  was  thought  to  have  been  the  first  minister  in 
New  Netherlands,  but  see  Michaelius.  He  arrived  with  Governor  Van 
Twiller,  in  April,  1633,  accompanied  by  Adam  Roelandsen,  a  schoolmaster. 
The  people  of  New  Amsterdam  had  worshiped  in  a  loft  since  1626;  but  this 


THE   MINISTRY.  33 1 

was  now  replaced  by  a  plain  wooden  building  like  a  barn,  situated  near  the 
East  River,  in  what  is  now  Broad  street,  between  Pearl  and  Bridge.  Near- 
by a  parsonage  was  also  provided.  Van  Twiller's  government  was  not 
what  it  ought  to  have  been,  and  he  received  a  severe  reprimand  from  Bo- 
gardus,  who  styled  him  "a  child  of  the  devil,"  and  threatened  him  with 
such  a  shake  from  the  pulpit  on  the  following  Sabbath  as  would  make  him 
shudder.  This  coarse  and  unbecoming  conduct  was  afterward  charged 
against  him. 

He  was  a  widower  when  he  arrived,  but  in  1638  he  married  Anneke  Jans, 
widow  of  Roeloff  Jans.  She  was  of  Rensselaerwyck.  Her  first  husband 
had  received  a  valuable  grant  of  land  near  Red  Hook.  He  had  been  Over- 
seer of  the  Orphans'  Court  (Surrogate)  under  the  Dutch  sway.  ("Doc 
Hist,"  iii,  367.)  He  had  also  secured  from  Van  Twiller  a  grant  of  sixty- 
two  acres  on  Manhattan  Island,  a  little  northwest  of  Fort  Amsterdam. 
This  was  the  original  conveying  of  the  valuable  estate  north  of  Warren 
street,  in  New  York,  now  in  possession*  of  the  corporation  of  Trinity 
Church.  It  consisted  of  sixty-two  acres,  and  was  granted  to  Jans  in  1636. 
After  his  death  it  passed  to  his  widow,  and  upon  her  marriage  with  Bo- 
gardus  it  became  known  as  the  domine's  bouzverie.  It  extended  along  the 
river  from  Warren  to  Christopher  streets,  and  formed  an  irregular  triangle. 
After  Bogardus'  death  she  continued  in  the  city,  and  in  1654  the  title  to  the 
farm  was  confirmed  by  Stuyvesant,  and  subsequently  (1667)  by  the  English 
Government.  In  1671,  William,  for  himself  and  brothers,  Jan  and  Jonas, 
and  two  sisters,  by  their  husbands,  conveyed  this  farm  to  Governor  Love- 
lace; but  Cornelis  did  not  join  in  this  conveyance.  On  Nov.  15,  1705,  the 
farm  (then  called  the  King's  farm)  was  given  by  patent  to  Trinity  Church. 
The  ground  on  which  the  heirs  rest  their  claim  is  descent  from  Cornelis, 
and  that  the  title  of  the  Colonial  Government  at  the  Revolution  became 
vested  in  the  people  of  the  State  of  New  York.  See  pages  22-25,  98,  of  this 
work. 

Anneke  Jans  had  four  children  when  she  married  Bogardus — namely, 
Sarah,  who  married  John  Kierstead  and  afterward  Cornelius  Van  Bussum; 
Catharine,  who  married  John  Van  Brough ;  Fytie,  who  married  Peter  Hart- 
gers,  and  Jan,  who  married  Annetje  Peters,  in  1682.  Four  more  were 
added  by  her  second  marriage — namely,  William,  who  married  Wyntje 
Sybrends ;  Cornelius,  born  1640,  who  married  Rachel  Dc  Witt;  Jonas,  born 
1643,  unmarried,  and  Petrus. 

As  early  as  1638,  Bogardus  wished  to  go  to  Holland  to  answer  Van 
Dincklagen's  charges  against  him,  but  he  could  not  be  spared.  He  had  a 
daughter  married  in  1642,  which  event,  after  several  rounds  of  drink,  was 
seized  by  the  Governor  as  a  fit  opportunity  to  secure  subscriptions  for  a 
new  church  building.  Many  of  the  subscriptions  were  bitterly  repented  of 
afterward,  but  without  avail.  (See  page  24  of  this  work.)  The  domine 
protested  against  Kieft's  murderous  slaughter  of  the  neighboring  Indians 
in  1643 ;  and  two  years  later,  when  Kieft  refused  the  right  of  appeal  to  the 
fatherland,  the  domine  boldly  denounced  him  from  the  pulpit,  standing  as 
he  did  on  the  side  of  the  people's  rights.  Kieft  had  before  this  charged 
the  domine  with  drunkenness  and  siding  with  the  malcontents.  The  Gov- 
ernor and  many  of  the  officers  now  remained  away  from  church  services 


332  THE   MINISTRY. 

and  excited  parties  to  drum  and  shout  during  service.  At  last  Kieft  cited 
Bogardus  for  trial  and  matters  grew  worse  and  worse  till  mutual  friends 
interfered.  After  the  arrival  of  Governor  Stuyvesant  to  supersede  Kieft, 
in  July,  1647,  both  Kieft,  with  a  large  fortune,  and  Bogardus  sailed  in  the 
same  vessel  to  Europe  to  give  an  account  to  their  superiors  (Aug.  16,  1647). 
But  by  mistake  they  got  into  Bristol  Channel  and  were  wrecked  off  the 
coast  of  Wales  and  both  were  lost.  Out  of  one  hundred  lives,  only  twenty 
were  saved.  His  widow  ultimately  returned  to  Beverwyck  (Albany), 
where  she  died  in  1663.  See  "Amsterdam  Correspondence,"  1632- 1650. 
"Col.  Hist.  N.  Y.,"  i,  206,  299,  345,  417;  ii,  144.  The  famous  will  of  Anneke 
Jans  was  published  in  "Ch.  Intelligencer,"  July  20,  1833.  Forty  or  fifty 
years  ago  the  following  appeared : 

"Domine  Everat  Bogardus'  Bible. — Of  the  many  curious  documents 
which  have  been  brought  to  public  notice  by  the  agitation  of  the  Anneke 
Jans  estate  question,  few,  if  arry,  possess  greater  interest  than  the  Bible 
from  which  Domine  Everat  Bogardus,  the  husband  of  Anneke  Jans, 
preached  during  his  ministry,  and  which  is  now  in  possession  of  the  family 
of  Mr.  George  H.  Lewis,  residing  at  11  Pine  street,  in  Poughkeepsie.  whose 
wife  was  a  Bogardus  and  a  lineal  descendant  of  Domine  Everat  Bogardus. 
The  Bible  has  been  handed  down  through  several  generations  and  is  a 
volume  which,  from  its  peculiar  family  associations,  possesses  great  inter- 
est. It  is  a  fine  specimen  of  printing  and  binding  in  Holland  in  the  six- 
teenth century  and  is  admirably  preserved.  It  is  a  massive,  strong  volume, 
being  a  foot  and  a  half  long,  one  foot  wide  and  half  a  foot  thick,  with 
covers  half  an  inch  in  thickness,  bound  on  the  corners  with  heavy  brass 
mountings,  ornamented.  It  is  printed  in  Holland  Dutch  and  contains 
elaborate  marginal  readings.  The  name  of  Everat  Bogardus,  in  large, 
legible  writing,  appears  on  the  inside  of  the  front  cover  and  underneath 
some  other  writing,  the  meaning  of  which  we  could  not  make  out,  it  being 
in  Low  Dutch.  On  the  inside  of  the  book  cover  there  is  a  record  dating 
from  1687.  which,  although  we  were  unable  to  translate,  evidently  refers 
to  family  history.  The  book  bears  date  of  1543.  Several  years  ago,  in 
time  of  the  Anneke  excitement  in  1837,  we  believe  this  book  caused  a  great 
deal  of  interest,  and  a  complete  history  of  it  was  given  by  an  Ulster  county 
paper.  The  present  owner  has  recently  refused  five  hundred  dollars  for  it." 
— Poughkeepsie  Press. 

All  the  extant  documents  and  letters  connected  with  Bogardus  are  now 
in  course  of  publication  with  other  ecclesiastical  material,  by  the  State  of 
New  York.  Further  particulars  about  his  family  could  no  doubt  be  found 
at  his  birthplace.  Bogardus  is  the  Latinized  form  of  Bogart.  The  "Jour- 
nal of  New  Netherland,"  found  in  "Doc.  Hist.  N.  Y.,"  iv,  4-11  (8vo  ed.), 
and  in  "Col.  Docs.  N.  Y.,"  i,  179-18S,  covers  part  of  the  period  of  Bogar- 
dus's  ministry.     See  also  the  Histories  of  O'Callaghan  and  Brodhead. 

Bogardus,  Francis  M.  (s.  of  Cor.  Bogardus,  No.  2),  b.  Boght.  Albany  Co., 
N.  Y.,  April  19,  1836;  R.C.  60,  N.B.S.  63.  lie.  CI.  L.  I.;  Greenbush, 
63-9,  Westerlo,  69-72,  Mohawk,  72-6,  Brookfield,  Ct.,  77-80,  Palisades, 
80-8,  Bloomingdale  and  St.  Remy,  88-90,  Cortlandtown,  90-5,  w.  c. 


THE   MINISTRY.  333 

Bogardus,  Henry  James,  b.  Fishkill  Landing,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  15,  1858;  R.  C. 
78,  N.B.S.  81,  lie.  by  CI.  Westchester;  grad.  of  N.  Y.  University  Col- 
lege of  Medicine,  1883,  intending  to  go  as  a  missionary;  but  finally 
settled  down  to  the  practice  of  medicine  in  this  country. 

Bogardus,  Nanning.  Helderbergh,  1830-3,  Fort  Plain,  34-5,  S.S.  at  Platte- 
kill;  Woodstock,  38-42,  Sharon,  46-8,  Westerlo,  49-50,  Gallupville,  52-6, 
S.S.  Canastota,  58-9,  S.S.  Spraker's  Basin,  61-6,  d.  1868. 

Bogardus,  Wm.  E.,  son  of  Ccr.  Bogardus,  No.  2.  b.  Cohoes,  N.  Y.,  June, 
1834;  R-C  60,  N.B.S.  63,  1.  N.  CI.  L.  I.;  Middleburgh  (S.S.),  63-4, 
Unionville  and  Greenburgh,  64-7,  supplied  Stuyvesant  Falls,  67-8,  Miss, 
to  Norris,  111.,  68-9,  Cuddehackville,  70-4,  Saddle  River,  74-84,  Oak- 
land, 84-8  (Pleasant  Plains,  Presbyt.,  88-90),  Fairfield,  90-2,  Brook- 
dale,  1892 

Publications  :     "Hist.  Refd.  Ch.  Pjrookdale,  N.  J.,"  1901. 
Bogardus,  Wm.  R.   (cousin  of  Cor.  Bogardus,  No.  2),  U.C.  1813,  N.B.S. 
16,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  New  Paltz  and  New  Hurley,  17-28,  New  Paltz,  28-31, 
Aquackanonck,  31-56,  resigned,  d.  1862. 

Few  servants  of  Christ  in  the  American  Church  have  been  more  abund- 
ant in  labors  and  in  substantial  spiritual  results.  Unaffectedly  modest  and 
retiring,  he  was  best  known  and  best  beloved  in  the  two  charges  in  which 
he  had  labored.  He  always  spoke  of  New  Paltz  and  Hurley,  where  he 
first  settled,  as  his  first  love.  Two  hundred  and  eighty  were  received  into 
the  church  during  the  fifteen  years  of  his  ministry  among  them.  He  was  a 
fearless,  faithful,  sound  expositor  of  the  word  of  God.  There  was  an 
unction,  too,  in  his  delivery,  a  silvery  clearness  in  his  tones  of  utterance, 
that  caught  the  ear  of  the  listless  hearer  and  went  thrilling  home  to  the 
awakened  conscience  and  the  believing  heart.  Besides  this,  he  was  instant 
in  season  and  out  of  season.  He  was  faithful  and  earnest  in  his  every 
duty.  In  his  intercourse  with  his  flock  there  was  a  suavity  combined  with 
native  dignity  which  attracted  all  classes  and  ages.  He  was  every  whit  a 
Christian  gentleman.  In  his  appointments  he  was  scrupulously  punctual. 
In  pastoral  labors  he  was  abundant  and  indefatigable.  He  was  peculiarly 
happy  in  his  offices  to  the  sick  and  bereaved.  There  was  a  spiritual  power 
in  his  pastoral  ministrations  which,  in  connection  with  his  labors  in  the 
pulpit,  must  account  for  the  unusually  large  number  of  souls  brought  into 
the  kingdom  by  his  ministry.  Sweet  and  melting  and  often  overpowering, 
were  his  addresses  at  the  communion  table.  He  was  always  prominent, 
too,  in  every  good  work.  He  was  the  pioneer  of  the  temperance  reform 
in  Ulster  County.  When  the  parsonage  barn  was  raised,  he  dared  to  intro- 
duce the  innovation  of  dispensing  with  the  use  of  liquors  on  such  occasions. 
On  an  inverted  hogshead  were  placed,  instead  of  the  death-dealing  poison, 
a  pitcher  of  cold  water  and  a  bundle  of  temperance  tracts.  As  his  end  drew 
near  not  a  shadow  or  fear  disturbed  him. 

Bogart,  David  Schuyler,  b.  in  N.Y.C.  1770;  C.C.  1790,  studied  theol.  under 
Livingston,  1.  by  Synod  of  R.D.  Churches,  1792;  Miss,  along  the  Hud- 
son and  to  the  North,  as  far  as  St.  Croix,  1792,  Albany,  as  an  assistant, 
1792-6  (Southampton,  L.  I.,  Presbyt.),  1796-1806,  Bloomingdale,  1806-7 


334  THE   MINISTRY. 

(Southampton  again),  1807-13,  Success  and  Oyster  Bay,  1813-26,  d. 
1839. 
As  a  student  he  was  zealous  and  indefatigable.  His  researches  extended 
to  many  departments  of  science  and  literature.  He  sought  in  them  all 
truth  rather  than  mere  knowledge.  He,  therefore,  ever  stood  forth  as  the 
fearless  and  uncompromising  advocate  of  truth.  He  habituated  himself  to 
read  the  Greek  Testament,  so  as  to  feel  the  idiomatic  force  of  the  original. 
He  was  conspicuous  for  uncommon  quickness  of  perception,  great  clear- 
ness in  the  presentation  of  his  views,  facility  of  diction  and  a  graceful  and 
impressive  oratory.  His  frequent  contributions  to  literary  journals  of  the 
city,  his  extensive  private  correspondence  and  his  public  ministrations  were 
all  characterized  by  this  abiding  and  unconquerable  love  of  truth.  In  tem- 
perament he  was  cheerful,  kind  and  generous  and  in  deportment  uniformly 
bland  and  affable.  To  these  qualities  of  heart  and  intellect  was  united  a 
memory  of  surprising  vigor  and  tenacity,  from  whose  rich  stores  his  friends 
might  derive  instruction  and  gratification,  ever  new  and  ever  interesting. 
Several  sermons  of  his  were  published.  His  daughter  Elizabeth  (pseudo- 
nym "Estelle")  wrote  extensively  for  the  "New  York  Mirror."  Four  of 
her  prose  tales  were  honored  with  prizes.  Specimens  of  her  poetry  may 
be  seen  in  "Griswold's  Female  Poets,"  besides  a  volume  of  Fugitive  Poems, 
1866.     She  died  May  12,  1879,  aged  83. 

Bogert,  Nic.  I.  M.     R.C.  1864,  N.B.S.  67,  1.  CI.  N.Y. ;  Metuchen,  67-70,  w.  c. 

(White  Haven,  Pa.,  Presbyt.  76-81,  Bellport,  L.  I.,  81-4),  Clover  Hill, 

84-96,  Woodlawn  Chapel,  Brooklyn,  1900 

Bogert,  Samuel,  studied  under  Froeligh,  1.  1804,  d.  1868. 

Boggis,  Henry,  Highlands,  N.  J.,  1887-9,  Woodstock,  N.  Y.,  91-5. 

Boice,  Ira  Condict,  b.  in  Piscataway  township,  Middlesex  Co.,  N.  J.,  June 
28,  1803;  D.C.  23,  N.B.S.  26,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Salem  and  Union,  26-9,  Ber- 
gen Neck,  29-44,  Claverack,  44-59,  North  Hempstead,  59-70,  d.  1872, 
Oct.  5. 

As  a  man  he  was  transparently  honest,  straightforward  and  upright,  with- 
out guile  and  without  hypocrisy.  Firm  in  his  convictions,  resolute  in  his 
purposes,  tender  in  his  sensibilities,  he  combined  strength  with  gentleness, 
vigor  of  principle  with  warm-hearted  sympathy,  the  dignity  of  a  Christian 
with  the  polish  and  courtesy  of  an  accomplished  manner  that  invited  both 
respect  and  affection. 

No  man  who  knew  him  could  ever  suspect  him  even  of  cherishing  sinister 
designs  or  of  seeking  his  own  advantage  at  the  expense  of  others.  There 
was  a  nobility  in  his  nature  which  grace  exalted  and  refined;  and  a  practical 
sense  that  was  seldom  or  never  betrayed  into  the  choice  of  unmanly 
methods  to  secure  transient  ends.  Because  of  these  qualities,  he  was  loved 
and  esteemed  in  a  most  unusual  degree  by  ministers  and  good  people,  who 
were  happy  enough  to  know  him  well.  Wherever  he  went  he  carried  sun- 
shine in  his  face  and  pleasure  in  his  smile.  Benignity  looked  out  from  his 
eyes  and  grace  seasoned  his  conversation  with  all  the  amenities  that  can 
beautify  social  intercourse.     Few  ministers  have  been  more  enriched  than 


THE   MINISTRY.  335 

he  was  with  the  trustful  affection  of  companions  and  associates,  and  some 
of  these  were  princes  indeed  in  the  clerical  ranks,  who  could  have  and  did 
have  many  friends,  not  one  of  whom  did  they  love  more  than  Ira  C.  Boice. 
The  preaching  of  our  departed  friend  was  in  a  sense  the  reflection  of  his 
personal  character. 

Bolks,  Seine,  b.  near  Linden,  Overyssel,  Holland,  April  30,  1814.  Studied 
under  Van  Raalte ;  Hellendoorn,  Holland,  1834-47;  c.  to  America; 
Overyssel,  51-3,  Grand  Haven,  53-5,  Milwaukie,  55-61,  Chicago  1st, 
61-2,  High  and  Low  Prairie,  62-5,  Zeeland,  65-71,  Orange  City,  71-8, 
Emeritus,  d.  June  16,  1894. 

His  life  covered  the  period  of  the  five  pioneer  pastors  and  leaders  who 
in  1846-7  led  the  exodus  of  Hollanders  to  the  West.  In  his  boyhood  he  had 
witnessed  the  successful  struggle  for  the  establishment  of  a  free  church  in 
the  Netherlands.  His  natural  gifts  and  early  consecration  transformed 
the  shepherd  boy  into  a  minister  of  Christ.  The  urgency  of  the  times  per- 
mitted but  a  few  months  of  preparation.  In  large  measure  he  attributed  to 
Van  Raalte,  his  instructor,  the  molding  of  his  character  and  the  shaping  of 
his  future  course.  On  their  way  to  Michigan  he  and  his  companions  passed 
the  winter  of  1847-8  in  Syracuse.  Upon  reaching  his  destination  they  set- 
tled the  town  of  Overyssel,  Mich.  He  was  a  wise  and  safe  counselor  to 
his  people  in  their  temporal  affairs  as  well  as  in  their  religious  life.  He 
advocated  the  union  of  the  new  emigrants  with  the  Reformed  (Dutch) 
Church,  to  which  he  was  always  faithfully  devoted.  His  preaching  was 
markedly  evangelical  and  large  blessings  attended  his  labors  everywhere. 
He  was  intimately  acquainted  with  every  member  of  his  flock.-  He  was  a 
man  of  prayer,  of  strong  faith  and  of  commanding  presence.  His  ministry 
lasted  nearly  sixty  years.  He  was  the  last  survivor  of  the  original  pioneer 
ministers  of  the  Holland  emigration  of  1846-7.    "Mints.  Gen.  Syn."  1895,  207. 

Bollenbacher,  Jacob,  b.  at  Kirschroth,  Germany,  July  25,  1847,  c.  to  Ameri- 
ca, 68,  engaged  in  Sunday-school  work,  68-77.  Studied  for  the  minis- 
try at  Franklin,  Wis.;  ord.  by  Ger.  Ref.  Ch.,  79.  (Ger.  Ref.  Chs. 
79-1893.)     Hope  Ch.  at  George,  Lyon  Co.,  Iowa,  March,  93;  died  Nov. 

17,  1893. 
Bolton,  Jas.,  b.  Doe  Run,  Pa.,  Dec.  26,  1826;  U.C.  51,  U.S.  53,  1.  Presb.  of 

Brooklyn  ;  Fordham,  56-65.  Colt's  Neck,  65-78,  Greenville,  82-4,  West 

Farms,  84-8,  Lodi,  2d,  88-90,  Stanton,  90-5,  w.  c. 
Bombin,  John,  b.  Allenstein,  Ger.,  Jan.  7,  1858;  University  of  Koenigsberg; 

N.B.S.  91.  lie.  by  CI.  N.  Y. ;  ord.  by  CI.  Bergen,  91;  Hackensack,  3d 

(Ger.),  1891 

Bondet,  Daniel,  b.  1654,  French  Ref.  Boston  and  Worcester,  1686-95,  also 

Miss,  to  the  Indians  at  New  Oxford,  Mass.,  1689-95.  New  Rochelle, 

1696-1709,  visits  England  and  receives  Episc.  ordination,  New  Rochelle 

again,  1709-22.    Also  Miss,  to  the  Mohegans,  1716-22,  died. 

He  had  fifty  Indian  communicants.  Col.  Heathcote  says:  "He  is  a  good 
man  and  preaches  very  intelligibly  in  English,  which  language  he  uses  every 
third  Sabbath,  when  he  avails  himself  of  the  Liturgy.     He  has  done  a  great 


33^  THE   MINISTRY. 

deal  of  service  since  his  arrival  in  this  country.  His  pay  is  only  £30  per 
year."  "Doc.  Hist.  N.  Y.,'"  iii.  77,  84,  560-573;  "Col.  Hist.  N.  Y.,"  v.  326, 
354.     "Collections  of  Huguenot  Soc,"  Vol  i. 

Bonney,  Peres  B.     R.C.  1857,  N.B.S.  1861 ;  became  Presbyterian.     Died. 
Bonrepos,  David,  French  Ref.  New  Rochelle,  1688-96,  supplied  New  Paltz 

occasionally,  1696-1700,  Fresh  Kill,  Staten  Island,  1696-1717,  died  1734. 

See  "Van  Pelt's  Hist.  Sermon  and  Baird's  Daille,"  96;  also  "Collec- 
tions of  Huguenot  Soc." 
Boocock,   William    Henry,  b.   Sept.  21,   1863,  at  Birmingham.  England; 

R.C.  85.  N.B.S.  88,  1.  S.  CI.  L.  I. ;  Flatbush,  Grace  Chapel,  86-99,  Bay- 

onne  1st,  1899 

Bookstaver,  A.  Augustus.    R.C.  1866,  N.B.S.  69,  1.  CI.  Orange;  Glenville, 

2d,  1870-1,  w.  c. 
Bookstaver,  Jacob,  b.  at  Montgomery,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  9,  1817;  R.C.  37,  N.B.S. 

40,  1.  CI.  Orange;  Minisink,  41-7,  Teacher  at  Belleville,  47-8,  d.  Dec. 

11.     See  "Manual,"  1879. 
Booth,  Eugene  Samuel,  b.  Aug.  16,  185c,  at  Trumbull,  Ct. ;  R.C.  76,  N.B.S. 

79,  ord.  by  CI.  N.B.,  June  26,  79;  left  New  York  for  Japan,  Sept.  5; 

sailed  from  San  Francisco,  Oct.  4  and  reached  Nagasaki,  Dec,  79;  in 

charge  of  Ferris  Seminary,  Yokohama,  1882 

Borden,  Edmund  W.     From  Presbyt.  Ch. ;  De  Speldcr,  Mich.,  1883-7. 
Borcers,  Herman,  b.  in  Netherlands,  Nov.  13,  1844 ;  H.C.  68,  W.S.  72.  lie. 

CI.    Holland;    ord.    Presbyt.   Chippewa,    73    (S.S.    North    Bend.    Wis., 

Presb.  Nov.  72-3,  Ap.,  pastor  to  Feb.,  74)  ;  Cedar  Grove,  Wis.,  74-81, 

Polkton,  1881-3,  Greenleafton,  86-93,  w.  c. 
Bork,  Christian,  b.  in  Berlin,  Prussia,  March  11,  1758;  stud,  under  Bassett, 

1.   CI.  Albany,   1795;   Lawyerville  and   Sharon,    1796-8,   Schodack  and 

Bethlehem,    1798-1803,    Union,    Union   Village   and    Schodack,    1804-8, 

Franklin  St.,  N.Y.C.,  1808-23,  d.  Sept.  D.D.  by  2,  C.  181 1. 
His  baptismal  name  was  George  Christian  Frederick.  His  father,  an 
officer  in  the  Prussian  army,  died  of  a  wound  received  before  his  son 
Christian  was  born.  He  was  religiously  educated  by  his  mother,  and  at  the 
age  of  fourteen  was  confirmed  in  the  Lutheran  Church.  Nothing  is  known 
of  him  further,  until  about  his  eighteenth  year,  when  an  event  occurred 
which  influenced  the  whole  of  his  subsequent  life.  Attending  to  some  busi- 
ness for  his  mother,  when  about  thirty  miles  from  home,  he  was  seized  by 
the  agents  of  government  and  pressed  into  the  military  service  and  was 
sent  with  others  to  this  country  to  aid  the  British  in  subduing  the  United 
States,  which  had  just  declared  themselves  free  and  independent.  Under 
these  circumstances  he  left  his  fond  and  excellent  mother  and  the  land  of 
his  birth  and  embarked,  never  again  to  revisit  the  scenes  of  his  childhood 
and  youth.  The  next  year,  1777,  the  troops  to  which  he  belonged  joined  a 
part  of  Gen.  Burgoyne's  army.  After  Burgoyne  and  his  army  surrendered 
at  Saratoga,  he,  with  many  of  the  German  troops,  chose  to  remain  in  this 
country.  He  left  the  British  army  shortly  after  they  departed  from  Al- 
bany; and,  having  been  educated  at  Berlin,  he  took  charge  of  a  school  a 
few  miles  from  the  city,  on  the  road  to  Kinderhook.     He  joined  a  regi- 


THE   MINISTRY.  337 

ment  of  New  York  State  Levies,  under  the  command  of  Colonel  Marinus 
Willett,  in  the  spring  of  1781,  having  the  post  of  an  orderly  sergeant;  and 
was  honorably  discharged  from  this  service  on  the  29th  of  December,  in 
the  same  year. 

About  this  period  and  probably  while  yet  in  the  army,  it  pleased  the  Lord 
to  call  him  effectually  under  a  sermon,  preached  in  a  barn  in  the  Manor  of 
Livingston,  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Livingston,  who  had  left  the  City  of  New 
York  on  account  of  the  war.  While  in  the  army,  Bork  often  collected  a 
number  of  soldiers  around  him  on  the  Lord's  day,  to  whom  he  read  con- 
siderable portions  of  the  Bible.  After  his  discharge  from  the  regiment  of 
Col.  Willett,  he  continued  to  teach  school  for  about  twelve  years. 

It  is  said  that  his  sermons  were  remarkable  for  the  rich  abundance  of 
Scriptural  quotations  which  he  introduced.  And,  while  he  was  truly  bold 
and  zealous  in  his  Master's  service,  not  shunning  to  declare  the  whole  coun- 
sel of  God,  he  nevertheless  delighted  to  speak  of  the  power,  the  grace  and 
the  love  of  the  Saviour,  concerning  which  he  had  large  experience.  In 
short,  he  seemed  to  have  much  of  the  spirit  of  the  ancient  martyr  whose 
dying  exclamation  was,  "None  but  Christ!  none  but  Christ!" — Rev.  C.  C. 
Van  Cleef.  See  also  "Sketches  in  Sprague*s  Annals,"  by  Drs.  Hardenbergh 
and  Matthews. 
Borst,  John  W.    R.C.  1861,  N.B.S.,  d.  1864. 

Bosch,  Fred.  S.  C,  Bloomfield  Academical  Dept. ;  N.B.S.  1901,  1.  CI.  N.B.; 

Chapin,  Iowa,  1901 

Bouma,  Peter  A.  J.,  W.S.  1890,  1.  CI Grandville,  Mich.,  90-2,  Grand 

Rapids,  4th,  91-4,  Boyden,  94-8,  Chicago  (Gans),  1898 

Bourne,  Geo.,  b.   1780,  at  Westbury.  Engiand ;   Homerton  Sem.,  London, 
1804,  lie.  1804  (settled  in  Virginia  and  Maryland.  1804- . .,  Germantown, 
Pa.,  Presbyt,  18..-..,  Principal  of  Academy  at  Sing  Sing,  and  Pastor 
of  Presbyt.  Ch.,  18..-..,  Quebec,  Canada,  Cong.  Ch.  18.. -33   (S.S.), 
West  Farms,  1839-42,  d.  1845. 
He  possessed  an  athletic  frame  and  robust  constitution  and  always  en- 
joyed vigorous  health.     Coming  in  contact  with  the  institution  of  slavery 
in  the  South,  he  bore  his  testimony  against  it  with  directness,  intrepidity 
and  boldness,  both  orally  and  by  the  press.     He  was  subjected  to  great 
opposition  and  severe  trials.     He  also  became,  in  Canada,  an  earnest  oppo- 
nent to  Romanism,  being  one  of  the  pioneers  in  the  discussions  of  the  day. 
After  1833  he  lived  in  New  York  City;  and,  while  supplying  the  Houston 
St.  Chapel  and  vacant  churches,  he  edited,  for  some  years,  the  "Protestant 
Vindicator."     He  was  a  frequent  contributor  to  periodicals  and  to  the  press; 
was  an  author,  and  also  secured  the  republication  of  many  valuable  works, 
editing  them  himself.     His  knowledge  of  books  and  of  general  literature 
was  extensive.     He  died  suddenly  in  the  office  of  the  "Christian  Intelli- 
gencer," from  heart  disease.     His  principal  publications  are:     "A  Picture 
of  Slavery,"  "Lectures  on  the  Church   of  Christ"  and   "Illustrations  of 
Popery."    His  son,  Wm.  Oland  Bourne,  has  published  several  volumes, 
and  among  them  "The  Hist,  of  the  Pub.  School  Soc.  of  N.  Y.  C,"  1870. 
He  died  1901. 


336 


THE   MINISTRY. 


deal  of  service  since  his  arrival  in  this  country.  His  pay  is  only  £30  per 
year."  "Doc.  Hist.  N.  Y.,"*  iii.  77,  84,  560-573;  "Col.  Hist.  N.  Y.,"  v.  326, 
354-     "Collections  of  Huguenot  Soc,"  Vol  i. 

Bonney,  Peres  B.     R.C.  1857,  N.B.S.  1861 ;  became  Presbyterian.     Died. 
Bonrepos,  David,  French  Ref.  New  Rochelle,  1688-96,  supplied  New  Paltz 

occasionally.  1696-1700,  Fresh  Kill,  Staten  Island,  1696-1717,  died  1734. 

See  "Van  Pelt's  Hist.  Sermon  and  Baird's  Daille,"  96;  also  "Collec- 
tions of  Huguenot  Soc." 
Boocock,  William   Henry,  b.  Sept.  21,   1863,  at  Birmingham.  England; 

R.C.  85,  N.B.S.  88,  1.  S.  CI.  L.  I. ;  Flatbush,  Grace  Chapel,  86-99,  Bay- 

onne  1st,  1899 

Bookstaver,  A.  Augustus.    R.C.  1866,  N.B.S.  69,  1.  CI.  Orange;  Glenville, 

2d,  1870-1,  w.  c. 
Bookstaver,  Jacob,  b.  at  Montgomery,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  9,  1817 ;  R.C.  37,  N.B.S. 

40,  1.  CI.  Orange;  Minisink,  41-7,  Teacher  at  Belleville,  47-8,  d.  Dec. 

11.     See  "Manual,"  1879. 
Booth,  Eugene  Samuel,  b.  Aug.  16,  185c,  at  Trumbull,  Ct. ;  R.C.  76,  N.B.S. 

79,  ord.  by  CI.  N.B.,  June  26.  79;  left  New  York  for  Japan,  Sept.  5; 

sailed  from  San  Francisco,  Oct.  4  and  reached  Nagasaki,  Dec,  79;  in 

charge  of  Ferris  Seminary,  Yokohama,  1882 

Borden,  Edmund  W.     From  Presbyt.  Ch. ;  De  Speldcr,  Mich.,  1883-7. 
Borcers,  Herman,  b.  in  Netherlands.  Nov.  13,  1844;  H.C.  68,  W.S.  72,  lie. 

CI.    Holland;    ord.    Presbyt.    Chippewa,    73    (S.S.    North    Bend.    Wis., 

Presb.  Nov.  72-3,  Ap.,  pastor  to  Feb.,  74)  ;  Cedar  Grove,  Wis.,  74-81, 

Polkton,  1881-3,  Greenleafton,  86-93,  w.  c. 
Bork.  Christian,  b.  in  Berlin,  Prussia,  March  n,  1758;  stud,  under  Bassett, 

1.   CI.  Albany,   1795;   Lawycrville  and   Sharon,    1796-S,    Schodack  and 

Bethlehem,    1798-1803,    Union,    Union   Village   and    Schodack,    1804-8, 

Franklin  St.,  N.Y.C.,  1808-23,  d.  Sept.  D.D.  by  2,  C.  181T. 
His  baptismal  name  was  George  Christian  Frederick.  His  father,  an 
officer  in  the  Prussian  army,  died  of  a  wound  received  before  his  son 
Christian  was  born.  Pie  was  religiously  educated  by  his  mother,  and  at  the 
age  of  fourteen  was  confirmed  in  the  Lutheran  Church.  Nothing  is  known 
of  him  further,  until  about  his  eighteenth  year,  when  an  event  occurred 
which  influenced  the  whole  of  his  subsequent  life.  A' tending  to  some  busi- 
ness for  his  mother,  when  about  thirty  miles  from  home,  he  was  seized  by 
the  agents  of  government  and  pressed  into  the  military  service  and  was 
sent  with  others  to  this  country  to  aid  the  British  in  subduing  the  United 
States,  which  had  just  declared  themselves  free  and  independent.  Under 
these  circumstances  he  left  his  fond  and  excellent  mother  and  the  land  of 
his  birth  and  embarked,  never  again  to  revisit  the  scenes  of  his  childhood 
and  youth.  The  next  year,  1777,  the  troops  to  which  he  belonged  joined  a 
part  of  Gen.  Burgoyne's  army.  After  Burgoyne  and  iiis  army  surrendered 
at  Saratoga,  he.  with  many  of  the  German  troops,  chose  to  remain  in  this 
country.  He  left  the  British  army  shortly  after  they  departed  from  Al- 
bany; and,  having  been  educated  at  Berlin,  he  took  charge  of  a  school  a 
few  miles  from  the  city,  on  the  road  to  Kinderhook.     He  joined  a  regi- 


THE   MINISTRY.  337 

ment  of  New  York  State  Levies,  under  the  command  of  Colonel  Marinus 
Willett,  in  the  spring  of  1781,  having  the  post  of  an  orderly  sergeant ;  and 
was  honorably  discharged  from  this  service  on  the  29th  of  December,  in 
the  same  year. 

About  this  period  and  probably  while  yet  in  the  army,  it  pleased  the  Lord 
to  call  him  effectually  under  a  sermon,  preached  in  a  barn  in  the  Manor  of 
Livingston,  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Livingston,  who  had  left  the  City  of  New 
York  on  account  of  the  war.  While  in  the  army,  Bork  often  collected  a 
number  of  soldiers  around  him  on  the  Lord's  day,  to  whom  he  read  con- 
siderable portions  of  the  Bible.  After  his  discharge  from  the  regiment  of 
Col.  Willett,  he  continued  to  teach  school  for  about  twelve  years. 

It  is  said  that  his  sermons  were  remarkable  for  the  rich  abundance  of 
Scriptural  quotations  which  he  introduced.  And,  while  he  was  truly  bold 
and  zealous  in  his  Master's  service,  not  shunning  to  declare  the  whole  coun- 
sel of  God,  he  nevertheless  delighted  to  speak  of  the  power,  the  grace  and 
the  love  of  the  Saviour,  concerning  which  he  had  large  experience.  In 
short,  he  seemed  to  have  much  of  the  spirit  of  the  ancient  martyr  whose 
dying  exclamation  was,  "None  but  Christ !  none  but  Christ !" — Rev.  C.  C. 
Van  Cleef.  See  also  "Sketches  in  Sprague's  Annals,"  by  Drs.  Hardenbergh 
and  Matthews. 

Borst,  John  W.    R.C.  1861,  N.B.S.,  d.  1864. 

Bosch,  Fred.  S.  C,  Bloomfield  Academical  Dept. ;  N.B.S.  1901,  1.  CI.  N.B.; 

Chapin,  Iowa,  1901 

Bouma,  Peter  A.  J.,  W.S.  1890,  1.  CI Grandville,  Mich.,  90-2,  Grand 

Rapids,  4th,  91-4,  Boyden,  94-8,  Chicago  (Gans),  1898 

Bourne,  Geo.,  b.  1780,  at  Westbury.  Engiand ;   Homerton  Sem.,  London, 
1804,  lie.  1804  (settled  in  Virginia  and  Maryland,  1804-..,  Germantown, 
Pa.,  Presbyt,  18..-..,  Principal  of  Academy  at  Sing  Sing,  and  Pastor 
of  Presbyt.  Ch.,  18..-..,  Quebec,  Canada,  Cong.  Ch.  18.  .-33   (S.S.), 
West  Farms,  1839-42,  d.  1845. 
He  possessed  an  athletic  frame  and  robust  constitution  and  always  en- 
joyed vigorous  health.     Coming  in  contact  with  the  institution  of  slavery 
in  the  South,  he  bore  his  testimony  against  it  with  directness,  intrepidity 
and  boldness,  both  orally  and  by  the  press.     He  was  subjected  to  great 
opposition  and  severe  trials.     He  also  became,  in  Canada,  an  earnest  oppo- 
nent to  Romanism,  being  one  of  the  pioneers  in  the  discussions  of  the  day. 
After  1833  he  lived  in  New  York  City;  and,  while  supplying  the  Houston 
St.  Chapel  and  vacant  churches,  he  edited,  for  some  years,  the  "Protestant 
Vindicator."     He  was  a  frequent  contributor  to  periodicals  and  to  the  press; 
was  an  author,  and  also  secured  the  republication  of  many  valuable  works, 
editing  them  himself.     His  knowledge  of  books  and  of  general  literature 
was  extensive.     He  died  suddenly  in  the  office  of  the  "Christian  Intelli- 
gencer," from  heart  disease.     His  principal  publications  are :     "A  Picture 
of  Slavery,"  "Lectures  on  the  Church   of  Christ"  and   "Illustrations   of 
Popery."    His  son,  Wm.  Oland  Bourne,  has  published  several  volumes, 
and  among  them  "The  Hist,  of  the  Pub.  School  Soc.  of  N.  Y.  C,"  1870. 
He  died  1901. 


338  THE   MINISTRY. 

Boyd,  Hugh  M.  U.C.  1813,  N.B.S.  30,  Saratoga,  30-3,  Schaghticoke,  35-41, 
d.  1846. 

Boyd,  John  Campbell,  b.  Albany,  N.  Y.,  1836;  C.N.J.,  55,  Caughuawaga 
(Fonda),  65-70.     See  "Princeton  Sem.  Cat."  for  other  details. 

Boyd,  Joshua,  b.  Goshen,  N.  Y.,  March  10,  1785;  U.C.  1814,  studied  the- 
ology with  Dr.  McDowell,  of  Elizabeth,  N.  J. ;  He.  Presbyt.  Elizabeth, 
1826,  Miss,  to  Roxbury  and  Middletown,  N.  Y.,  26-7,  to  Herkimer  and 
Fallsburgh,  27-8,  Rotterdam,  1st  and  2d,  28-36,  Rotteidam,  2d,  36-40, 
Middleburgh,  40-42,  Germantown,  N.  Y.  42-49;  d.  Nov.  3,  1874.  See 
"Manual  of  1879." 

Boyse,  Wm,  Miss,  to  Woodstock  and  Ashoken,  1826-9,  Woodstock,  29-37, 
d.  1853. — "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  ii,  376.  He  published  a  small  volume — 
"Writings  and  Letters,  Religious,  Historical  and  Pastoral,"  1838. 

Brace,  Frederick  R.     L.  CI.  N.B.  i860.     1861  Presbyt. 

Bradford.  John  M.  (s.  of  Rev.  Ebenezer,  Bradford,  of  Danbury),  b.  May 
15,  1781,  at  Hanover,  N.  J.;  Brown  Univ.,  1800,  studied  theology  under 
Dr.  Ashbel  Green,  of  Philadelphia;  lie.  Presbyt.  Philadelphia,  1803; 
tutor  in  C.N.J.,  1803-4,  Albany,  1805-20;  died  1827,  March  27. 

He  was  a  man  of  fine  appearance,  dignified  manners  and  was  an  eloquent 
and  impressive  preacher.  Few  men  have  been  better  fitted  by  natural  en- 
dowments for  the  position  of  a  public  speaker.  His  voice  was  uncommonly 
melodious  and  his  gesticulation  dignified  and  graceful.  His  style  was  rich 
and  yet  chaste;  and  Ins  sermons  were  compositions  of  a  high  order.  For 
years  he  commanded  large  audiences  and  was  reckoned  among  the  distin- 
guished pulpit  orators  of  the  day.  He  was  elected  a  trustee  of  Queen's 
Coll.  1807.  "Mag.  R.D.C.,  i,  72.  "Sketch  in  Sprague's  Annals,"  by  Dr. 
Matthews.    "Johnson's  Sketch  of  Ch.  Albany,"  28. 

Publications  :  "The  School  of  the  Prophets :  A  Sermon  before  Bd. 
Supts.,"  1813.  (This  contains  valuable  historical  notes  on  Phillip's 
Academy,  Dr.  Mason's  Sem.,  etc.,  with  the  important  address  of  Gen. 
Syn.,  1807,  to  the  churches.)  Also  a  "Sermon  on  the  Struggle  of  the  Dutch 
for  Emancipation."  1814.  and  "The  Word  of  Life,"  1817.  Art.  on  Dr. 
Linn  in  "Sprague's  Annals." 

Bradford,  W.  J.     Lysander,  1849-55. 

Bradshaw,  Archibald  Harmon,  b.  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  Aug.  18,  1870; 
Franklin  Coll.  Ind.,  92;  P.S.  95.  Vermilye  Chapel  of  N.  Y.  Collegiate 
Ch.  95-1900,  Assist.  Pastor,  29th  St.  Ch.,  N.  Y.  C,  1900 

Branch,  Henry,  New  Haven,   1869-72. 

Brandow,  John  Henry,  b  Windham,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  20,  1853;  R.C.,  83, 
N.B.S.  86,  1.  CI.  Greene;  Mohawk,  86-88  (Oneonta,  N.  Y.,  88-95, 
Presbyt.),  Schuylerville,  N.  Y.,  1S95 

Publications:    "The  Story  of  Old  Saratoga,"  1901. 

Brandt.  Henry  W.  N.B.S.,  1862,  1.  CI.  N.B.  62;  Miss,  to  Belgium,  62-65, 
Miss,  in  South  Africa,  1865-1890. 


THE   MINISTRY.  339 

Brett,  Cornelius  (s.  of  P.  M.  Brett),  b.  in  N.  Y.  C.  Nov.  25,  1842;  N.Y.U. 
62,  N.  B.  S.  65,  1.  S.  CI.  L.  I.;  Flatlands,  65-70,  Newark,  2d,  70-73, 

Montgomery  73-76,  Bergen,  1876 

See  Brick  Ch.  (Montgomery)  Memorial,  p.  82. 

Publications  :  "Address  at  Funeral  of  Rev.  Dr.  B.  C.  Taylor,"  1881 ; 
"Sermons;  at  50  Anniver.  of  Settlement  of  Dr.  P.  D.  Van  Cleef,"  1900. 
"Contributions  to  the  Press,"  "'Add.  at  150th  Anniv.  of  Ch.  of  Montgomery, 
N.  Y.,"  1S82. 

Brett,  Philip  Milledoler  (grandson  of  Dr.  Milledoler),  b.  in  N.Y.C.  1818; 
R.C.  1834;  N.B.S.  1838,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1838;  Nyack,  1838-42,  St.  Thomas, 
W.I.,  1842-46,  Mt.  Pleasant,  N.  Y.,  1846-51,  Tompkinsville,  1851-6,  d. 
D.D.  by  R.C.  1858. 

In  his  charge  on  Staten  Island  he  entered  with  zeal  on  the  work  of 
building  up  the  church,  after  the  new  organization  at  Stapleton  had  been 
formed.  His  earnest  piety,  tireless  energy,  warm  sympathy,  genial  friend- 
ship and  manly  frankness  soon  v/on  all  hearts  and  gathered  many  friends 
around  him.  Few  pastors  have  succeeded  so  fully  in  obtaining  and  retain- 
ing the  affection  and  confidence  of  their  people.  In  a  ministry  of  eight 
years  there  were  added  157  persons  to  this  church,  114  being  on  profession 
of  their  faith. 

Dr.  Brett  was  of  a  dignified  and  noble  presence;  his  features  ever  wore 
an  expression  of  attractive  gentleness,  which  drew  the  heart  even  of  child- 
hood to  him.  The  little  ones  of  the  flock  had  multiplied  assurances  that 
they  were  cherished  in  his  heart  as  objects  of  his  tenderest  interest,  for 
whose  pleasure  he  was  ever  devising  plans,  and  for  whose  souls  he  watched 
with  untiring  devotion. 

He  was  suddenly  stricken  down,  after  having  preached  a  sermon  pre- 
paratory to  communion.  For  four  months  he  suffered  before  he  died.  His 
people  testified  of  him  that  he  was  all  that  they  could  have  wished  him  to 
be — affectionate,  zealous,  faithful  and  self-sacrificing. 

Says  Dr.  Matthews,  "He  was  a  very  successful  and  able  minister,  of  an 
elevated  tone  of  piety,  of  great  consistency  of  character,  universally  beloved 
and  respected  both  in  his  own  congregation  and  out  of  it.  He  discovered 
a  peculiar  fondness  for  the  great  leading  doctrines  of  grace,  which  formed 
a  prominent  staple  of  his  discourses.  Toward  the  close  of  his  days  there 
was  a  peculiar  maturity  and  heavenly  mindedness  about  him  which  seemed 
to  betoken  his  early  departure.  He  had  a  clear,  lucid  mind  and  his  min- 
istrations were  greatly  blessed.  His  affectionate  manner  gave  special  power 
to  his  ministrations." 

His  wife  (a  great  grand-daughter  of  Domine  Ritzema)  became  a  victim 
to  the  yellow  fever  at  St.  Thomas.  Dr.  Brett  received  a  second  pressing 
invitation  to  settle  again  on  that  island,  but  declined.  That  people  then  re- 
quested him  to  print  them,  at  their  expense,  a  volume  of  his  sermons.  This 
he  did  under  the  title,  "A  Souvenir  of  a  Three  Years'  Ministry  in  R.D.C. 
of  St.  Thomas,"  pp.  334.  New  York:  1856.  He  was  also  editor  of  the 
"Staten  Island  Chronicle,"  1856-8.  Several  other  sermons  of  his  are 
printed,  among  which  we  mention  "The  Mutual  Responsibilities  of  Pastor 
and  People"  and  "The  Retrospect :  Two  Sermons,"  1854,  1855. 


340  THE  MINISTRY. 

Brink,  Henry  Wells,  b.  Kaatsban,  N.  Y.,  July  3,  1875;  R.C.  96,  N.B.S. 

99,  1.  CI.  Ulster;  West  New  Hempstead,  1899 

Brinkerhoff,   Geo.   G.,   b.  at   Closter,    N.   J.,    1761 ;   studied   under   Meyer, 
Romeyn  and  Froeligli,  1.  by  the  Synod  of  D.R.  Chs.  1788;  Miss,  to  the 
north,  1789,  Conewago,  Pa.,  1789-93,  Kakeat  and  Ramapo,   1793- 1806, 
Ramapo,  1806-7,  Sempronius,  near  Ovvasco,  1808-13,  d.     Also  Miss,  to 
Genesee  County,  1796. 
His  congregation  at  Conewago  was  broken  up  by  the  almost  total  emi- 
gration of  his  people  to  Kentucky  and  the  Genesee  County,  N.  Y.    Many  of 
his  letters  and  documents  are  with  his  grandson,  John  M.  Brinkerhoff,  of 
Moravia,   N.   Y.     He   was   a   constant  correspondent   of   Van    Harlingen, 
Froeligh,   etc.,   1786-1810.     See  "The   Family  of  Joris  D.   Brinkerhoff:   a 
Genealogy,"  1887.     See  also  "Manual  of  1879." 

Brinkerhoff,  Jas.  G.,  b.  1796;  studied  under  Froeligh,  1819;  Montville,  21-4, 
seceded,  suspended   (Montville,  24,  English  Neighborhood,  24,  Mont- 
ville, 25-8,  Montville  and  Paramus,  28-30,   Paramus  and  Clarkstown, 
30-40,  Paramus,  40-44,  Mt.  Morris,  1844-..).    Died  1879. 
Brock,  John  R.,  b.  1831,  at  Newbury,  Vt. ;  R.C.  59.  N.B.S.  62,  1.  CI.  Passaic; 
West  New  Hempstead,  62-5,  Spring  Valley,  65-9,  w.  c,  d.  1872,  Aug.  7. 
Brodhead,  Jacob,  b.  at  Marbletown,  N.  Y.,  May  14,  1782;  U.C.  1801,  tutor 
in  U.C.  1802,  studied  theology  under  Froeligh  and  D.  Romeyn,  1.  CI. 
Albany,  1804;  Rhinebeck  Flats,  1804-9,  New  York,  1809-13,  Philadel- 
phia, Crown  St.,  13-26,  New  York,  Broome  St.,  26-37,  Flatbush,  Ulster 
Co.,  37-41,  Brooklyn,  Central,  41-6,  d.  1855,  June  5.     D.D.  by  Q.C.  181 1. 
Elected  a  trustee  of  Q.C.  1812. 
Having  dedicated  himself  to  God  in  his  youth,  he  kept  his  vow  steadily 
until  the  end.     So  far  from  losing  the  warmth  of  his  love,  it  grew  with  his 
experience   and   knowledge  of   his   Saviour.     No   one   could    look   on   his 
marked,  pleasing  features,  expressive  of  thought  and  feeling,  his  tall,  manly 
frame  and  his  easy,  prompt  movement,  without  recognizing  a  sound  mind 
in  a  sound  body.     Frank,  generous  and  kind,  he  appeared  what  he  was. 
Keenly  sensitive,  he  could  not  disguise  his  feeling  of  wrong;  and  cour- 
teous himself,  he  expected  courtesy.     With  less  quickness  of  nerve  and 
emotion,  he  would  have  lacked  that  appreciation  of  others  which  was  his 
chief  charm,   and   that  perception  of  fitness  which   was  his  chief  talent. 
Vanity  was  too  mean  a  vice  to  reach  him;  but  with  Jess  grace  in  his  heart, 
he  would  have  been  proud.     When  he  gave  you  his  hand,  you  knew  that 
his  heart  came  with  it,  and  his  smiles  or  his  tears  were  as  natural  as  a 
child's. 

He  was  firm,  yet  not  impassible;  consistent,  yet  never  pragmatical; 
steadfast  in  faith  and  virtue,  but  free  from  exacting  bigotry  and  petty 
scrupulosities ;  fearless  in  censure  of  vice  and  error,  yet  tolerant  of  human 
weakness ;  covetous  of  converse  with  the  gravely  wise  and  wisely  good,  yet 
affectionately  considerate  of  the  young  and  delighting  to  take  little  children 
up  in  his  arms;  open  to  approach  and  winning  in  his  advances;  so  mingling 
freely  with  all  classes,  but  ever  mindful  of  his  allegiance  to  the  kingdom 
which  is  not  of  this  world,  he  proved  not  less  in  the  common  duties  of 


THE   MINISTRY.  341 

daily  life  than  in  the  fellowships  of  Christian  solemnity,  that  his  piety  was 
a  dominant  principle,  maintained  by  habitual  communion  with  God,  study  of 
the  Scriptures  and  contemplation  of  eternal  things. 

To  say  he  never  had  an  enemy  were  poor  praise,  for  he  followed  the 
Crucified ;  yet  no  scandal  ever  clung  to  his  name,  no  blot  rests  on  his  mem- 
ory, nor  even  an  eccentric  folly  impairs  the  pleasantness  of  the  image  he 
has  left  on  our  minds.  In  his  personal  friendships  he  was  true  and  con- 
stant. He  shrank  from  no  responsibility  which  Providence  laid  on  him. 
He  preached  the  Gospel  in  its  simplicity.  His  style  was  an  unusual  com- 
pound of  didactic  statement,  glowing  illustration  and  pathetic  ardor.  In 
Philadelphia  he  had  control  over  crowds  of  hearers,  unparalleled  in  the  his- 
tory of  that  city  and  rare  in  modern  times.  Thousands  hung  weeping  on 
his  utterances  and  hearts  long  obdurate  broke  in  penitence,  as  he  pleaded 
with  demonstration  of  the  Spirit.  Yet  he  never  truckled  to  vulgarity  of 
taste,  or  prejudice,  or  passion;  never  pleased  the  gross  car  by  invective  or 
caricature,  never  scoffed  at  the  recorded  wisdom  of  pious  experience,  nor 
acted  the  pantomime  of  droll  or  clown.  He  was  ever  solemn,  earnest,  rev- 
erent of  God  and  respectful  to  man.  Tenderness  was  especially  his  char- 
acteristic. Having  that  almost  instinctive  skill  to  reach  the  more  sensitive 
chords  of  the  human  heart,  he  could  not  restrain  his  emotion  while  he 
probed  the  torpid  conscience  or  appiied  the  balm  of  Gilead  to  the  bleeding 
spirit.  He  delighted  to  preach  en  scriptural  narratives,  exhibiting  the  hu- 
manity common  to  us  all,  and  making  his  hearers  feel  the  applicability  of 
the  moral.  But  a  man  of  such  strong  feelings  lives  fast;  and  though  he  was 
clear,  interesting,  impressive  to  the  end,  it  could  not  be  expected  that  he 
would  retain  all  the  enthusiasm  of  his  palmy  prime;  but  the  age  that  sob- 
ered mellowed  him  and  his  older  hearers  liked  him  not  the  less;  and  his 
last  charge,  relinquished  in  his  sixty-fifth  year,  was  more  fruithful  than  the 
first. 

His  ministry  was  more  successful,  it  is  thought,  than  that  of  any  other 
minister  in  the  annals  of  our  church.  During  thirty-four  years  he  received 
the  average  number  of  twenty-four  persons  annually  into  the  church  on 
profession  of  faith.  Some  of  his  churches  were  also  new  or  feeble  when 
he  took  charge  of  them.  See  "Commem.  Ser.  by  Dr.  Bethune";  "Address 
by  Dr.  T.  De  Witt";  "Sketches  in  Sprague's  Annals  by  Drs.  Bethune  and 
Van  Santvoord"  and  in  "Gunn's  Livingston,"  Ed.  1856,  p.  391.  "Van 
Santvoord's  Discourses  and  Miscellanies,"  1858.  "Collegiate  Ch.  Year 
Book,"  1892,  95. 

Publications  :  Several  sermons  of  his  were  published :  "Introductory," 
Philadelphia,  1813.  "A  Plea  for  the  Poor,"  1814;  for  the  benefit  of  the 
Female  Hospital  Soc.  "A  Discourse  on  Education,"  1831.  An  address 
at  the  interment  of  Rev.  G.  A.  Kuypers,  1833,  and  a  few  others.  "A  New- 
Year  Memorial";  sermon  in  Crown  St.  Ch.,  Philadelpha,  1826.  A  sermon 
before  Gen.  Synod,  in  "Mag.  of  Refd.  D.  Ch.,"  October,  1826.  "Thanks- 
giving Sermon,"  in  Broome  St.,  N.  Y.  C.  1830. 

His  son,  Hon.  J.  Romeyn  Brodhead,  is  well  known  for  his  historical  zeal 
and  skill.    He  prepared  a  brief  sketch  of  the  R.  D.  Ch.  in  N.  Y.,  1854  (ap- 


342  THE  MINISTRY. 

pended  to  Dr.  De  Witt's  Hist.  Disc),  2  vols,  of  his  "Hist,  of  State  of  N.  Y." 
(1609-1691)  are  pub.  Vol.  iii  yet  in  MSS.  "Introduction  to  Col.  Hist,  of 
N.  Y."  "Address  before  N.  Y.  Hist.  Soc,"  1844.  "Report  as  Hist.  Agent 
in  Europe  to  Legislature,"  1845.  "Address  on  the  Commercial  Hist. 
N.  Y.,"  1859.  Many  papers  in  proceedings  N.  Y.  Hist  Soc. 
Brodhead,  Wm.  H.     S.S.  at  Woodside,  1880-2. 

Broek,  Dirck,  b.  in  Netherlands,  Feb.  5,  1835;  R.C.  61,  N.B.S.  64,  1.  CI. 
Holland;  Graafschap,  65-70,  Saugatuck,  70-5,  Cleveland,  75-6,  Polkton, 
76-80,  Holland,  3d,  80-8,  Detroit,  88-92.  Grandville,  1892 

Publications:     Many   articles   in   "De   Hope."    On    editorial    staff   of 
"De  Hope,"  1895 

Broek,  John,  b.  Nieuw  Leuzen,  Overyssel,  Ncths.,  July  28,  1841 ;  H.C.  68, 
W.S.  71,  1.  CI.  Holland;  ord.  by  same,  72;  Beaverdam,  Mich.,  72-84] 
Milwaukee,  Wis.,  84-93,  South  Holland,  1893 

Broekstra,  Marinus  E.  Theolog.  School,  Kampen,  Neths. ;  W.S.  1897, 
'•  CI ;  Hull,  la.,  97-1900,  Grand  Rapids,  7th,  1900 

(Broeffle,  J.  L.  (or  Preffle),  Canajoharie,  1784-8,  Schoharie,  1788-98?) 

Brokaw,  Abram,  b.  1761 ;  Q.C.  1793,  studied  theol.  under  Livingston; 
Owasco,  1796-1808,  Ovid,  1808-22,  susp.;  seceded,  d.  1846,  July  17. 

Brokaw,  Isaac  P.,  b.  at  Middlebush,  N.  J.,  July  27,  1845;  R-C.  66,  N.B.S. 
69,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Newark,  East,  69-74,  South  Bergen,  74-9,  Dec,  Free- 
hold, 2d,  Jan.,  1879 

Publications:     Occasional  sermons. 
Brokaw,  Ralph  Watson  (brother  of  Isaac  P.  Brokaw),  b.  at  Middlebush, 
Feb.  14,  1855;  R.C.  74,  N.B.S.  77,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Herkimer,  77-S2,'  Belle- 
ville, 82-8   (Springfield,   Mass.    (Hope  Cong.   Ch.),  88-98,   Utica,    1st 
Presbyt.),  98 

Publications:     Sermons,  articles  in  various  periodicals,  "Memorial  of 
Rev.  G.  H.  Griffin,  of  Springfield,  Mass." 
Bronk,  Robert,  b.  at  Coxsackie,  1789;  C.N.J.  1810,  N.B.S.  13,  1.  CI.  N.B.; 

Washington  and  Boght,  13-23,  Washington  (or  West  Troy),  23-34,  d. 

1837.     See  "Manual,"  of  1879. 
Bronson,  Asahel,  b.   1794;  ord.   1816;  Wyantskill.   1833-6,  Fairfield,  36-8, 

Easton,  N.  Y.,  38-9,  Amity,  40-2.     Died  1882. 
Bronson,  Oliver.     U.C.  1845,  Kinderhook,  54-7,  Presbyt. ;  d.  i860. 

Brooks,  Jesse  Wendell,  b.  Cheshire,  Ct,  Sept.  26,  1858;  R.C.  81,  U.S.  84; 
ord.  by  Cong.  Manhattan  Assoc,  Oct.  28,  84  (Bay  Shore,  L.  I.,  84-7, 
Brooklyn,  Stuyvesant  Av.,  87-8)  ;  East  New  York,  88-94,  Irving  Park, 

Chicago,   94-8,    Sec.   Am.   Tract   Society,   Chicago,    1898 Ph.D.   by 

U.N.Y.,  1889. 

Publications  :    Magazine  and  Review  articles. 
Brower,  Cornelius,  b.  in  N.  Y.  C,  1770;  C.C.  1792,  studied  under  Living- 
ston,  1.   CI.   N.Y.,   1793;    Poughkcepsie  and   Stoutenburgh,    1794-1808, 
supplied  Hyde  Park,  1808-12,  Prof,  in  High  School  at  Utica,  and  S.S. 


THE   MINISTRY.  343 

at  Frankfort,  15-33,  supplied  frequently  Arcadia,  Gorham,  and  Tyre, 

33-45-  5  d. 
During  all  the  latter  part  of  his  life  he  did  the  work  of  an  evangelist,  and 
from  his  home  in  Geneva  supplied  many  churches  around.  He  allowed  no 
inclemency  to  prevent  his  fulfilling  his  appointments.  Courteous  to  all, 
showing  no  private  resentments,  never  obtrusive,  his  gravity  was  without 
moroseness  and  his  cheerfulness  without  levity.  He  was  a  thorough  class- 
ical scholar  and  mathematician.  He  possessed  an  extensive  Biblical  knowl- 
edge and  was  well  read  in  the  standard  religious  works  of  the  last  century. 
His  mental  qualities  were  mild  and  steady,  rather  than  brilliant  or  dazzling. 
He  was  more  desirous  of  being  useful  than  popular.  He  had  his  severe 
conflicts  with  temptation,  but  triumphed  over  them. 

Brower,  Stephen  H.    Studied  theol.  under  Livingston,  1.  1806;  Greenwich, 

N.  Y.  C.  (S.S.?),  1806-7. 
Brower,  Thomas.     Schenectady,  1715-28;  d. 
Brown,  C.     1840. 

Brown,  Frederic  Adolphus  Miller,  b.  N.  Y.  C,  Sept.  27,  1835;  U.C.  i860; 
U.T.S.  1863  (ord.  by  3d  Presby.  N.  Y.,  May  15,  1864;  Parsippany,  N.  J., 
1863-6;  Delhi,  N.  Y,   1866-82,  Little  Falls,   N.  Y.,   1882-7);   Pough- 

keepsie,  2d,  N.  Y.,  1887-9  (New  Haven,  Ct,  1st  Presb.,  1890 ),  D.D. 

by  U.C.,  1888. 

Brown,  Henry  J.,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia,  1859;  Miss,  to  Battle  Creek,  1859-62; 
Episcopalian. 

Publications  :  Sermon  on  "Temperance  in  Relation  to  Current  Events," 
1859. 

Brown,  John  Alexander,  b.  Newtownards,  Co.  Down,  Ireland,  Ap.  18, 
1865 ;  New  Windsor  College,  Md.,  1893,  P.S.  96,  lie.  by  Presbyt.  West 
Jersey  (Presbyt.,  Williamstown,  96-99),  Jersey  City,  Van  Vorst  Ch., 
1899 

Publications  :  "Remarks  at  50th  Anniv.  of  Settlements  of  Dr.  P.  D. 
Van  Cleef,"  1900. 

Brown,  Samuel  Robbins,  D.D.,  b.  at  East  Windsor,  Conn.,  June  16,  1810; 
Y.C.  32,  Columbia  Sem.  S.C.  and  U.S.  38,  1.  by  3d  Presbyt.  N.  Y.  38; 
also  teacher  in  N.  Y.  Inst,  for  Deaf  and  Dumb,  34-8;  Manager  of  the 
Morrison  Chinese  School  for  Boys,  at  Canton,  China,  38-47;  returned 
to  America,  Owasco  Outlet,  51-9;  voyage  to  Japan,  May-Nov.,  59. 
Kanagawa,  59-63;  Yokohama,  66-7,  Miss,  teacher  and  acting  pastor  of 
1st  Refd.  (Union)  Ch.  in  Japan,  62-7;  voyage  to  America,  April-July. 
67,  supplying  Owasco  Outlet,  68-9;  voyage  to  Japan,  Aug.-Oct.,  69; 
in  charge  of  a  government  school  at  Nigata,  Oct.,  69-70;  teaching  and 
also  translating  the  Scriptures  at  Yokohama,  70 ;  returned  to  America, 
July,  79 ;  died  at  Munson,  Mass.,  June  19,  1880. 

Dr.  Brown  was  a  pathfinder  in  three  great  enterprises  of  moment  to  the 
kingdom  of  God  on  earth.  He  was  the  pioneer  of  Christian  education  in 
China,  of  women's  colleges  in  America,  and  of  Christian  and  theological 


344  THE   MINISTRY. 

education  in  Japan.     His  mother  was  Phcebe  Hinsdale  Brown,  author  of 
the  familiar  hymn,  written  at  East  Ellington,  Conn.,  in  August,  1818: 

"I  love  to  steal  a  while  away 
From  children  and  from  care," 

and  the  future  missionary  was  one  of  these  "children,"  and  then  eight  years 
old.  He  grew  up  at  Munson,  Mass.,  whither  his  mother  had  come  because 
of  the  excellent  educational  facilities  at  Munson  Academy,  where,  after- 
ward, the  first  Chinese  and  Japanese  sent  to  our  country  were  educated. 
She  was  the  founder  of  the  Infant  School  in  the  Congregational  Church, 
and  lived  in  the  town  about  thirty  years.  His  father  was  a  carpenter  of 
limited  means,  and  his  son  Samuel  made  his  way  through  college,  sup- 
porting himself,  most  of  the  time,  by  teaching  music,  for  all  his  life  Samuel 
Brown  had  power  to  soothe  and  help  by  means  of  this  "alphabet  of  God," 
to  which  he  gave  fine  expression  in  a  rich  tenor  voice.  He  never  knew  a 
time,  as  he  often  said,  when  he  did  not  realize  that  he  was  to  study  theology 
and  become  a  missionary,  for  to  this  end  had  his  mother  devoted  him  even 
before  his  birth.  For  health's  sake  he  went  to  South  Carolina  for  theo- 
logical instruction.  Before  being  ordained  he  was  accepted  as  missionary 
of  the  American  Board,  but  owing  to  their  having  already  fifty  accepted 
missionaries  on  their  list,  without  means  to  send  them,  he  returned,  teach- 
ing at  the  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  awaiting  his  opportunity. 
Meanwhile  in  China  a  company  of  American  and  British  merchants,  inter- 
ested in  the  education  of  young  Chinese,  had  formed  the  Morrison  Educa- 
tion Society,  naming  it  after  the  great  pioneer  missionary.  One  of  their 
number  having  applied  to  the  faculty  of  Yale  College  for  a  teacher,  a  com- 
mittee of  three  professors  waited  on  Mr.  Brown,  inviting  him  to  go  out,  at 
three  days'  notice,  to  Canton  and  take  charge  of  the  work.  Making  ready, 
he  married  (Oct.  10,  1838)  the  lady  to  whom  he  was  engaged,  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Goodwin,  daughter  of  Rev.  Samuel  Bartlett,  born  at  East  Windsor, 
Conn.,  July  16,  18 13,  exactly  three  years  and  one  month  after  the  birth,  at 
the  same  place,  of  him  who  became  the  sharer  of  her  later  life. 

He  sailed,  a  few  days  later,  in  company  with  Dr.  David  Abeel,  who  was 
going  out  on  his  second  voyage.  Dr.  Brown  took  hold  of  the  school,  con- 
tinuing it  with  tact  and  ability,  first  at  Canton  and  then  at  Hong  Kong, 
until  1847,  when  the  failure  of  his  wife's  health  compelled  his  return.  He 
went  through  the  trying  experiences  of  the  "opium  war"  of  1844,  during 
which  time  his  house  was  attacked  by  pirates  and  he  received  a  slight 
sword  wound  in  the  side  at  the  hands  of  a  Chinese  ruffian,  while  his  family 
saved  their  lives  by  hiding  in  the  garden.  When  he  came  to  America  he 
brought  with  him  three  Chinese  lads,  one  of  them  being  the  celebrated  Yung 
Wing,  who  afterward  was  the  means  of  having  six  score  Chinese  lads 
brought  to  the  United  States  for  instruction  in  American, schools.  There, 
at  Monson,  Mass.,  in  1848,  in  a  house  directly  across  the  road  from  his  old 
home,  was  the  beginning  of  Chinese  education  in  America.  While  in  his 
native  country  Dr.  Brown  took  charge  of  the  academy  at  Rome,  N.  Y.,  and 
in  1851  accepted  the  call  to  become  pastor  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church 
at  Owasco  Outlet.     The  parish  was  feeble  and  dependent,  so  the  new  pastor 


Samuel  R.  Brown. 


THE    MINISTRY.  345 

secured  possession  of  a  small  farm,  now  Springside,  and  established  a 
boarding  school  to  aid  in  his  support.  His  exceptional  talent  as  a  leader 
and  organizer  was  soon  manifested  in  a  flourishing  school  and  a  growing 
independent  church,  so  that  a  new  edifice  was  built,  which  was  dedicated 
July  27,  1855.  Among  his  parishioners  were  Miss  Caroline  Adriance,  Miss 
Mary  E.  Kidder  (now  Mrs.  Edward  Rothesay  Miller),  and  Miss  Maria 
Manion  (later  Mrs.  Guido  F.  Verbeck),  names  honored  in  the  story  of 
Japan's  Christianization.  It  was  natural,  with  such  an  example  in  his 
mother  of  eagerness  for  culture  and  ability  to  receive  it,  that  Samuel  R. 
Brown  should  be  interested  in  the  higher  education  of  women.  Soon  he 
began,  with  other  friends,  to  agitate  the  formation  of  a  woman's  college, 
which  ultimately  bore  fruit  in  the  "Elmira  Female  College,"  chartered  by 
the  Legislature,  and  the  first  institution  of  its  grade  and  name  in  America. 
Thus,  with  the  work  of  the  higher  education  of  American  women,  Dr. 
Brown's  name  will  always  be  honorably  associated.  He  was  one  of  the 
first  trustees,  and  for  several  years  one  of  the  most  active  friends  and  pro- 
moters of  this  flourishing  institution,  the  Elmira  College. 

When  the  news  of  Commodore  Perry's  success  in  opening  the  Japanese 
Empire  to  diplomacy  reached  him,  the  old  missionary  fire  burned  up 
brightly,  and  he  offered  himself  to  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the 
Reformed  Church.  Through  Rev.  Dr.  Hawley,  of  Auburn,  he  discovered 
and  attracted  for  a  co-worker  Guido  F.  Verbeck.  After  a  voyage  of  181 
days  he  reached  Japan  and  established  himself  at  Kanagawa,  and  later  at 
Yokohama.  He  began,  almost  entirely  without  the  aid  of  books,  the 
mastery  of  the  Japanese  language,  soon  becoming  fluent  and  in  time  one  of 
the  most  correct,  forceful,  and  agreeable  speakers  of  this  difficult,  and,  in 
many  respects,  remarkable  language.  The  writer,  after  a  year's  residence 
in  the  interior,  spent  almost  utterly  alone,  and  having  his  ears  familiar  with 
the  dialect  used  on  the  west  coast,  heard  Dr.  Brown,  in  1872,  expound  the 
parable  of  the  prodigal  son.  He  remembers,  as  if  it  were  yesterday,  being 
held  spellbound  by  the  flow  of  clear,  accurate,  and  choice  language  which 
made  the  open-eyed,  and  often  open-mouthed,  auditors  feel  that  this  Gospel 
story  had  been  written  for  them,  if  not,  indeed,  originally  in  their  own 
language.  The  audience  of  Japanese  of  all  ages  and  sexes  filled  several 
rooms  on  the  first  floor  of  the  American  Mission  Home  (conducted  by 
Mrs.  Pruyn  and  Miss  Crosby,  members  of  the  Reformed  Church).  After 
the  American,  the  Japanese  elder,  Okuno,  now  the  venerable  poet 
and  hymnist  of  the  Christian  Church  in  Japan,  continued.  Then,  indeed, 
it  seemed  as  though  the  vernacular  had  been  set  on  fire  of  the  Holy  Ghost. 

Dr.  Brown  had  the  great  gift  of  making  the  Bible  incidents  and  narra- 
tives seem  as  though  they  were  part  of  their  native  literature,  yet,  also,  as 
if  inspired  by  direct  revelation  from  God.  For  several  years  he  was  a  self- 
supporting  missionary,  because  the  government  authorities  needed  inter- 
preters and  wished  Dr.  Brown  to  organize  and  continue  the  school  at  Yoko- 
hama, in  which  he  had  the  active  and  invaluable  assistance  of  his  daughters 
and  also  of  Miss  Mary  Kidder  and  Miss  Winn,  his  niece.  In  this  school 
were  educated  scores  of  young  men,  who  are  now  among  the  most  promi- 
nent in  the  Mikado's   Empire — merchants,   doctors,   lawyers,    editors,   re- 


346 


THE   MINISTRY. 


formers,  ministers,  and  many  who  have  left  their  ineffaceable  mark,  for  the 
better,  upon  the  moral  and  spiritual  life  of  Japan.  From  the  very  first  Dr. 
Brown  was  interested  in  the  translation  of  the  Bible  and  in  theological 
education.  He  was  thus  one  of  the  potent  influences  which  led  to  the 
formation  of  the  Meiji  Gakuin,  or  hall  of  learning  of  the  era  of  enlightened 
civilization,  now  in  Tokyo,  in  the  Theological  Department  of  which  so  many 
young  men  have  been  educated  for  the  native  ministry  in  Japan. 

Dr.  Brown  inherited  something  of  his  mother's  poetical  genius.  He 
wrote  occasional  and  fugitive  poems,  and  composed  the  tune  "Monson"  for 
his  mother's  hymn,  and  the  music  for  the  poem  "The  Sister's  Call,"  which 
he  wrote  after  the  death  of  his  oldest  sister.  He  was  always  attractive  to 
the  young,  and  of  him  the  Japanese  proverb  is  true.    He  had 

"The  heart  of  the  three-year  child  in  the  sage  of  sixty." 

Dr.  Brown's  first  translations  of  the  Bible  perished  in  (he  flames  at  the 
burning,  in  1867,  of  his  house  at  Yokohama,  when  he  lost  all  his  effects,  in- 
cluding books  and  papers.  He  then  returned  to  America  and  his  addresses 
were  powerful  and  enlightening,  stirring  up  great  interest  in  the  island  em- 
pire of  Japan,  meanwhile  serving  as  pastor  at  Owasco  Outlet,  in  the  church 
of  his  first  love.  Returning  again  in  1869  he  began  in  earnest  the  transla- 
tion of  the  New  Testament,  which  he  lived  to  see  finished,  in  revision,  even 
to  the  last  word  of  Revelation.  Shortly  after  reaching  Yokohama  the  gov- 
ernment invited  him  to  take  charge  of  a  school  at  Niigata  on  the  west  coast 
and  furnished  him  with  an  escort  overland.  The  journey  was  one  of  great 
interest,  but  he  returned,  after  a  year,  and  at  Yokohama  acted  as  pastor 
of  the  Union  Church  on  the  Perry  Treaty  ground,  kept  on  at  translation 
and  Bible  exposition,  and  began  a  theological  class,  which  he  taught  in  his 
own  house.  He  took  great  interest  in  the  formation  and  work  of  the 
Asiatic  Society  of  Japan,  of  which  he  was  for  some  time  the  president. 
Not  the  least  among  the  gifts  and  graces  of  Dr.  Brown  were  those  which 
enabled  him  to  disarm  the  hostility  of  natives  toward  missionaries  and  mis- 
sionary work,  which  is  so  often  manifested  toward  people  from  Christian 
lands  in  the  Far  East;  for  native  prejudices  are  often  violently  increased  by 
the  lack  of  tact  on  the  part  of  certain  missionaries  who  make  their  limita- 
tions very  noticeable.  Though  never  of  a  vigorous  constitution,  Dr.  Brown, 
by  wisdom  and  care  and  the  assiduous  devotion  of  his  partner  in  life,  was 
able  to  maintain  good  health.  A  year  or  two  before  he  left  Japan  forever  his 
infirmities  began  to  be  manifest,  and,  the  local  physicians  giving  little  aid. 
or  encouragement,  he  returned  home.  After  having  twice  traversed  the 
globe,  visiting  his  old  home  in  Monson,  Mass.,  on  his  way  to  Yale  com- 
mencement, at  the  house  of  a  friend  he  retired  to  rest,  to  wake  no  more  on 
earth,  and  was  buried,  as  he  had  always  longed  to  be,  beside  his  mother,  in 
the  cemetery  and  family  lot  only  a  few  rods  away  from  his  old  home.  Two 
Japanese  graves  are  near  his  own.  His  widow  survived  hiin  until  Sept.  3, 
1890. 

P ur,Li cation s :  Translations  of  the  "Sei  Yo  Ki  Bun,"  3  vols.  "Yedo, 
1710;  or,  Annals  of  the  Western  Ocean":  Being  an  account  of  the  trial  in 
Yedo,  in   1709,  of  the  Abbe  Sidotti,  an  Italian  priest,   on  the  charge  of 


THE    MINISTRY.  347 

Teaching  Evil  Doctrines  (Christianity)  ;  translated  and  published  in  the 
"Transactions  of  the  North  China  Branch  of  the  Asiatic  Society."  "Col- 
loquial Japanese,  and  Dialogues  in  English  and  Japanese" :  A  grammar, 
phrase-book,  and  vocabulary,  8vo.  pp.  255.  "Shanghai,"  1863.  "Transla- 
tions of  the  Scriptures  of  the  Old  and  New  Testaments,"  Yokohama,  1868- 
76.  "Prendergrast's  Mastery  System":  Adapted  to  the  study  of  Japanese 
or  English.  121110,  pp.  213.  "Yokohama,"  1875.  Letters  in  the  "Christian 
Intelligencer,"  "The  Sower,"  and  "The  Springfield  Republican."  By  Rev. 
Dr.  Wm.  E.  Griffis.  See  also  "Manual,"  of  1879.  "Report  of  Bd.  of 
Foreign  Missions,"  1881,  pp.  3,  4.    "Histories  of  the  Japan  Missions." 

Brown,  Theodore  Sedgwick,  b.  at  Canaan,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  13,  1824;  U.C.  44, 

P.  S.  47,  lie (Presb.  New  Concord  and  Canaan,  47-54,  Plainfield 

(Crescent    Av.),    54-67,    visited    Europe,    1865,    Brooklyn,    Memorial 
Presbyt.,  67-74,  Dunellen,  74-80),  Chamham,  N.  Y.,  So-97;  d.  Jan.  14. 

He  preached  the  Word  of  God  with  all  fidelity  and  brought  comfort  to 
the  homes  of  the  people  of  his  charge.  He  fulfilled  a  long,  faithful,  and 
fruitful  ministry.  His  sermons  were  characterized  by  more  than  common 
power,  always  able,  fresh,  and  original ;  his  prayers  most  spiritual,  lifting 
up  to  Heaven.  In  his  relation  to  Classis,  he  was  one  of  the  most  able  and 
faithful  members.  He  had  a  clear  mind  and  a  faculty  of  quick  discern- 
ment. His  common  sense  was  remarkable,  and  in  times  of  perplexity, 
when  knotty  and  disagreeable  questions  arose,  his  wise  counsel  was  always 
most  helpful.  To  judgment,  always  true,  he  added  a  gentleness  and  kind- 
ness, ever  to  be  remembered.  In  his  relation  to  missions  he  was  pro- 
foundly interested  in  the  work,  and  was  a  valued  and  efficient  member  of 
the  Board,  and  a  true  friend  of  the  missionaries  as  well.  Through  him  the 
old  Brnwn  homestead  at  Canaan  became  a  health-giving  retreat  for  Dr.  and 
Mrs.  Chamberlain,  during  their  later  sojourn  in  this  country.  The  Board 
of  Foreign  Missions,  which  he  served  for  eleven  years,  profited  by  his 
genial  personality,  sound  judgment,  exceptional  mental  gifts,  and  devotion 
to  its  work.  Though  living  at  a  distance,  he  attended  its  meetings  with 
unusual  regularity.  He  was  an  example  to  all  ministers,  in  the  fidelity  with 
which  he  pressed  upon  the  people  of  his  charge  the  claim  of  the  foreign 
work;  and  in  contributions  to  it,  headed  by  himself,  brought  his  church  to 
rank  as  second  in  the  Classis.  At  the  funeral  service  his  name,  Theodore, 
"the  gift  of  God,"  fittingly  suggested  the  thought  that  he  was  a  divine  gift 
to  the  church,  Classis,  Synod,  Board  of  Missions,  the  community  in  which 
he  lived,  and  even  to  the  hospital  in  which  he  died.  Carried  thither,  under 
necessity  for  an  operation,  his  hours  of  delirium  were  filled  with  prayer, 
and  he  was  a  constant  witness,  not  only  of  Christ,  but  of  innate  purity  of 
heart  that  told  upon  the  lives  of  the  attendants,  physician,  and  even  the 
messenger  boys,  who  were  called  from  time  to  time,  into  his  presence.  So 
returned  to  the  Giver,  the  gift;  a  life  to  be  sweetly  remembered  by  those 
whom  it  blessed.     "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1897,  764. 

Brown,  Walter  Scctt,  b.  at  Kirkmichael,  Scotland,  Dec.  13,  1834 ;  C.N.J.  60, 
P.S.  63,  1.  Presbyt.  Hudson,  63;  City  Miss.  N.B.,  63-4   (White  Lake, 


348  THE    MINISTRY. 

N.  Y.,  Presbyt.,  64-7),  Fallsburgh,  67-88,  S.S.  at  Clarksville  and  Onis- 
quethaw,  88-91   (Sand  Lake,  Presb.,  91 ) 

Publications  :     Art.  on  "Refd.  Ch.  Fallsburgh,"  in  "Quinlan's  Hist.  Sul- 
livan Co."    Also  many  articles  for  the  press. 

Brownlee,  James  (nephew  of  Wm.  C.  Brownlee),  b.  at  Falkirk,  Scotland, 
Ap.  12,  1808;  Glasgow  University,  1826;  studied  theology  under  Dr. 
John  Dick,  lie.  by  Presbyt.  of  Kilmarnock,  Scotland,  1832;  home  Mis- 
sionary in  the  Hebrides,  1832-4  came  to  America;  Port  Richmond, 
S.  I.,  1835-1890;  pastor  emeritus,  1890-5;  d.  Feb.  21.     D.D.  by 

He  was  the  eldest  of  seven  children,  six  sons  and  one  daughter.  All 
came  with  their  mother  to  America,  and  with  a  single  exception  made  their 
homes  in  the  West.  The  father,  Rev.  James  Brownlee,  had  been  for 
twenty-two  years  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  at  Falkirk,  and  was  in 
the  prime  of  life  when  attacked  by  a  fatal  illness,  while  conducting  a 
service  on  the  Sabbath.  Immediately  after  graduation  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  became  tutor  in  the  family  of  an  English  gentleman,  continuing  to 
be  thus  engaged  for  seven  years,  four  of  which  were  spent  with  his  pupils 
in  the  northern  part  of  France.  During  the  last  two  years  of  his  life  in 
Scotland  he  labored  as  a  home  missionary  in  the  Hebrides,  although  he 
was  not  ordained  until  after  coming  to  this  country.  Partly  through  the 
influence  of  his  uncle,  the  late  Dr.  Wm.  C.  Brownlee,  he  was  called  to  the 
pastorate  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  of  Staten  Island  at  Port  Rich- 
mond, and  his  ordination  and  installation  took  place  on  the  Sabbath,  Aug. 
23,  1835.  The  relation  thus  formed  was  broken  sixty  years  later  only  by 
his  death.  He  was  in  his  seventy-seventh  year  before  it  was  deemed 
necessary  to  provide  an  associate  pastor,  his  own  hearty  assent  being  given 
to  the  choice  of  Rev.  Alfred  H.  Demarest.  For  more  than  five  years  there- 
after he  continued  in  active  service.  Owing  to  the  infirmities  of  age.  on 
May  I,  1890,  he  was  declared  pastor  emeritus  by  the  Classis  of  New  York, 
but  his  connection  with  the  church  was  very  intimate  until  the  time  of  his 
death,  the  church  continuing  to  him  the  means  for  support.  Dr.  Brown- 
lee was  well  furnished  for  the  work  of  the  ministry  by  his  natural  talents, 
his  early  education,  and  habit  of  study  which  was  maintained  throughout 
his  life.  He  cherished  a  most  exalted  idea  of  his  office  as  an  ambassador  of 
Christ.  In  his  preaching  he  dwelt  much  upon  the  great  doctrines  of  the 
Gospel.  He  was  careful  to  feed  the  flock,  and  brought  to  them,  from  week 
to  week,  things  new  and  old  out  of  the  Scriptures.  His  hearers  were  al- 
ways edified  by  his  ministrations.  He  was  held  in  warm  affection,  not  only 
by  the  people  of  his  charge,  but  also  by  the  community  in  general.  His 
entire  ministry  in  the  church  at  Port  Richmond  was  remarkable  for  the 
spirit  of  love  and  unity  which  prevailed  between  him  and  his  congregation. 
He  often  expressed  the  pleasure  and  comfort  he  had  experienced  in  a 
pastorate  of  such  duration,  singularly  free  from  whatever  might  have 
caused  anxiety  or  annoyance.  He  was  a  kind  and  genial  friend,  generous 
to  the  needy  almost  to  a  fault.  His  name  was  rarely  before  the  general 
public,  yet  his  scholarship  was  such  that  he  might  easily  have  added  to  his 


^^.  /^br+rrt^f 


THE   MINISTRY.  349 

fame.     His  varied  and  accurate  information  was  a  wonder  and  a  delight 
"Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1895,  213. 

Publications:  "Disc,  in  R.  P.  D.  C.  at  Port  Richmond,  S.  I.,  on  its 
200th  Anniversary,"  1865.  An  address  on  the  40th  anniversary  of  his  settle- 
ment at  Port  Richmond,  1875. 

Brownlee,  Wm.  Craig,  b.  in  Scotland,  1783;  University  of  Glasgow,  t8o8, 
1.  by  Presbyt.  Stirling,  Scotland,  1806?  (Mt.  Pleasant  and  Burgetts- 
town,  Pa.,  Asoc.  Refd.,  1808-13,  Philadelphia,  Walnut  St.  Assoc. 
Scotch,  1813-16;  rector  of  Academy  at  New  Brunswick,  1816-17,  Bas- 
kenridge,  N.  J.,  Presbyt,  1818-25),  Prof,  of  Langs,  in  R.C.,  1825-6,  New 
York,  1826-48,  emeritus ;  d.  i860.     D.D.  by 

At  the  noon  of  his  life  and  influence  he  was  smitten  with  paralysis,  from 
the  enfeebling  influence  of  which  he  never  recovered.  He  went  out,  the 
strong  man  armed,  to  perform  a  public  duty  at  Newburgh ;  he  was  brought 
home  weak  as  a  child.  With  that  stroke,  as  sudden  and  unsuspected  as  a 
flash  of  lightning  in  a  clear  sky,  closed  his  public  life.  Never  afterward 
was  his  voice  heard  in  the  sanctuary  of  God  or  in  the  assemblages  of  men. 
Cherished  and  soothed  by  his  family  and  friends  in  private,  he  was  dead  to 
the  public. 

The  first  sight  of  him  impressed  the  beholder.  His  peculiarly  adjusted 
hair;  his  penetrating  eye,  peering  at  everything  through  a  pair  of  heavy 
gold  spectacles;  his  open,  fresh,  massive  countenance;  his  short  neck — if 
neck  it  could  be  called — bound  round  with  a  cravat  of  many  folds;  his 
short,  compact,  firm  frame,  made  never  to  bend ;  his  firm  step,  indicative  of 
a  firm  purpose — all  these  made  a  lasting  impression.  He  was  a  man  of  un- 
usual strength  of  mind.  His  imagination,  wit,  irony  were  noticeable  in  his 
conversation  and  discourses  and  controversies;  but  they  were  to  his  mind 
what  the  ripples  on  its  bosom  are  to  the  river.  His  thoughts  were  strong 
and  laid  hold  of  great  principles.  And  if  he  seemed  to  deal  severely  at 
times  with  those  who  differed  from  him,  it  was  because  he  saw  the  effect  of 
their  false  principles  in  their  remote  consequences.  His  mind  seemed  at  a 
glance  to  distinguish  the  true  from  the  false ;  and  it  was  a  part  of  his  very 
nature  to  deal  with  the  false  in  morals  and  theology  with  an  unsparing  hand. 
He  regarded  all  error  as  the  enemy  of  all  righteousness. 

His  learning  was  extensive  and  accurate.  Enjoying  all  the  advantages  of 
education  which  his  own  Scotland  could  afford,  he  diligently  improved 
them.  His  connection  for  so  many  years  with  classical  institutions  here 
served  to  give  depth  and  accuracy  to  his  learning.  Besides,  he  was  a  most 
diligent  student.  In  patristic  learning  he  had  but  few  equals,  and  he  had 
fully  mastered  all  the  controversies  of  the  Papal  and  Protestant  churches. 
With  the  very  shadings  of  thought  which  separate  truth  and  error  he  had  a 
most  familiar  acquaintance.  His  library  was  his  home,  where  he  made 
himself  familiar  with  almost  every  department  of  learning. 

He  was  truly  independent.  He  thought  for  himself,  and  was  made  to 
lead  rather  than  to  follow.  When  he  formed  his  opinions  they  were  never 
yielded  nor  conceded.  When  he  resolved  on  a  certain  course  there  was  no 
turning  back,  though  bonds  and  imprisonments  awaited  him.     He  had  no 


350  THE   MINISTRY. 

armor  or  covering  for  his  back.  In  the  line  of  duty  he  felt  like  the  eagle 
rising  from  the  rock,  that  above  and  beyond  the  storm  there  was  eternal 
sunshine.  This  characteristic  was  wonderfully  displayed  in  the  controversy 
with  the  Romish  priests— Power,  Levins,  and  Varela— in  1833.  Protestants 
were  lukewarm  as  to  the  spread  of  Popery,  and  politicians  patronized  it 
because  of  the  votes  of  its  adherents;  but  Dr.  Brownlce  saw  in  it  a  lurking 
enemy  conspiring  against  religion  and  all  the  great  interests  of  humanity, 
and  he  resolved  to  drag  it  into  the  light.  And  this  he  did  with  a  power 
and  boldness  that  vows,  threats,  anathemas,  and  the  most  ribald  abuse 
seemed  only  to  strengthen.  And  when  his  friends  feared  his  appearance 
even  in  his  own  church,  he  went  to  work  as  calmly  to  batter  down  the  walls 
of  Romanism  as  he  did  to  visit  the  sick  or  preach  the  simple  Gospel  to 
sinners!  To  his  mind  the  interests  of  true  religion,  the  existence  of  our 
liberties,  and  the  perpetuity  of  the  republic  were  involved  in  the  questions 
under  dispute;  and  he  was  heedless  of  danger,  and  regarded  the  threats  of 
personal  violence  as  an  evidence  of  his  victory  over  his  assailants. 

But  mingled  with  his  bravery  was  a  most  kind  and  gentle  heart.  These 
are  traits  of  character  generally  united.  While  a  lion  in  public,  he  was 
gentle  as  a  lamb  in  private.  Amiable  in  his  temper,  soft  in  his  manners, 
gentle  in  his  tones  of  voice  and  intercourse,  conciliating  in  his  conduct,  he 
soon  dissipated  the  awe  which  his  appearance  and  name  inspired ;  and  he 
proved  himself  as  genial  and  courteous  in  private  as  he  was  terrific  and 
fearless  when  combating  error  in  public.  He  died  without  a  single  enemy, 
save  the  enemies  of  truth  and  righteousness. 

He  was  an  able  minister  of  the  New  Testament.  Brought  up  amid  the 
early  religious  training  for  which  Scotch  Presbyterians  are  so  famous,  he 
devoted  himself  in  the  morning  of  his  life  to  the  Lord.  The  strong,  mascu- 
line theology  of  Paul,  Calvin,  Knox,  which  made  Scotland  what  it  was  and 
is,  became  intertwined  with  his  earliest  thoughts  and  affections.  In  the 
pages  of  the  Bible  and  in  the  volumes  of  the  Covenanters  and  Puritans  he 
found  the  principles  of  all  science  and  the  foundation  of  all  true  wisdom. 
He  conned  them  over  and  over,  early  and  late,  until  their  principles  be- 
came the  law  of  his  life.  This  fact  is  the  key  to  all  that  was  peculiar  in 
his  character;  and  whatever  estimate  may  be  formed  of  his  character  it  is 
certain  that  in  this  way  it  received  its  distinctive  impress.  In  all  his  prin- 
ciples, doctrines,  and  feelings  he  was  a  Covenanter  of  the  strongest  mould, 
and  his  earnest  and  honest  soul  clung  to  his  principles  as  the  shipwrecked 
sailor  clings  to  the  cliff.  His  preaching  was  strongly  doctrinal  and  argu- 
mentative, and  often  exhaustive  of  the  subject.  His  manner  in  the  pulpit 
was  earnest,  dignified,  and  impressive.  He  never  lowered  its  dignity  by 
unworthy  themes.  He  fed  the  people  with  knowledge  and  understanding, 
and  crowds  attended  his  ministrations.  From  a  full  soul,  that  had  a  rich 
experience  of  its  power,  he  poured  forth  the  truth  as  it  is  in  Jesus ;  and, 
although  utterly  averse  to  the  histrionic  and  tinsel  of  the  pulpit,  he  was 
one  of  the  most  popular  preachers  of  his  day. 

It  is  one  of  the  mysteries  of  Providence  that  we  may  not  comprehend 
why  a  man  of  such  varied  gifts,  of  such  power  for  doing  good,  should  have 
been  so  suddenly  prostrated  in  the  midst  of  his  usefulness,  and  so  long 


THE   MINISTRY. 


351 


continued  without  the  power  of  doing  the  things  that  he  would.  But  what 
we  know  not  now  we  shall  know  by  and  by.  He  is  dead,  but  he  will  live 
for  ages  in  his  works.— Kirwan,  in  "N.  Y.  Observer." 

He  possessed  a -fine  natural  disposition.  Amiable  to  a  remarkable  degree, 
unsuspicious,  he  might  be  imposed  upon  by  the  cunning,  but  he  was  fitted 
by  native  kindness  to  be  a  true  and  trusty  friend.  His  endowments  of 
mind  had  been  cultivated  with  unremitting  industry.  In  the  Greek  and 
Roman  classics  and  in  belles-lettres  his  acquirements  were  accurate  and 
elegant;  in  general  history  and  literature,  very  extensive;  and  in  theology 
he  added  to  the  careful  study  of  the  original  Scriptures,  and  of  standard 
authors,  much  independent  thought ;  so  that  he  was  no  novice,  but  might 
fairly  have  been  called  a  learned  man.  In  his  profession,  particularly,  he 
was  well  qualified  both  to  expound  and  maintain  the  system  of  divine  truth 
as  set  forth  in  our  Reformed  confessions,  and  also  to  confute  or  convince 
the  gainsayer  by  appropriate  arguments  from  reason  or  Scripture. 

For  several  years  preceding  his  illness  he  had  given  his  thoughts  very 
much  to  the  Papal  controversy.  His  conviction  of  the  destructive  influence 
of  that  religion,  and  of  its  antagonism  to  our  civil  institutions  as  a  policy, 
was  so  controlling,  that,  in  frequent  ministrations  to  his  own  people  and 
by  lectures,  he  exerted  his  best  powers  to  direct  the  popular  attention  to 
the  falsehoods  and  evils  of  the  system.  He  was  among  the  first  in  this 
country  who  gave  it  special  prominence,  nor  were  his  labors  without  effect 
in  awakening  attention  to  that  subject. 

As  a  preacher  he  was  graceful,  deliberate,  yet  engaging  in  manner;  al- 
ways perspicuous,  often  argumentative,  and  sometimes  beautifully  imag- 
inative and  finished  in  style;  scriptural,  doctrinal,  and  thoughtful  in  mat- 
ter. He  excelled  in  the  statement  of  doctrines  and  in  expounding  the 
Sacred  Text.  So  that,  notwithstanding  the  method  of  extemporaneous 
speaking,  which  he  generally  followed,  he  brought  forth  from  his  richly 
furnished  mind  things  new  and  old,  and  was  an  interesting,  able,  and  in- 
structive minister. 

He  was  well  read  in  polemical  theology,  and  was  more  of  a  controvertist 
than  many  of  his  brethren,  and  much  better.  In  the  Trinitarian,  the  Uni- 
versalist,  as  well  as  the  Catholic  controversies  he  delivered  full  courses  to 
his  people,  and  in  this  capacity  he  was  laborious  in  preparation,  ardent  and 
even  unsparing,  bearing  down  upon  falsehood  and  heresy  with  a  sort  of 
holy  violence,  yet,  in  obedience  to  the  dictates  of  his  generous  heart,  he 
seemed  free  from  bitterness  and  malignity  toward  the  persons  of  his  op- 
ponents, and  could  still  meet  them  on  kindly  terms.  See  "Brownlee 
Memorial";  also  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  Jan.  25,  1834,  pp.  102-3;  "Col- 
legiate Ch.  Year-Book,"  1896,  282. 

Publications:  "Fearful  State  of  Fr.  Spira,  an  Apostate,"  1814.  "In- 
quiry Into  the  Principles  of  the  Quakers,"  1824  (See  Reviews  of.  "Mag. 
R.  D.  C,"  1,  85).  "A  Dissertation  on  the  Nature,  Obligations,  and  Form 
of  the  Civil  Oath,"  1825  (Reprinted  in  "Mag.  R.  D.  C."  i,  282.  341,  376). 
"Christian  Missions":  An  oration  before  Gen.  Assembly  of  the  Presbyt. 
Ch.,  1825.     "The  Gospel  of  Christ:  Its  Efficacy  and  the  Conversation  Be- 


352  THE   MINISTRY. 

coming  It."  "A  Farewell  Sermon  at  Baskingridge,  N.  J.,"  1825.  "On  the 
Loftiest  and  Most  Important  Branch  of  All  Sciences":  An  oration  before 
the  Literary  societies  of  Rutgers  College,  1827.  "Sermon  on  the  Death  of 
Dr.  Selah  S.  Woodhull"  ("Mag.  R.  D.  C,"  i,  233.  265;..  "On  the  Objec- 
tions Commonly  Urged  Against  the  Holy  Bible."  "Premium  Tract  of 
Am.  Tract  Soc,"  No.  227  (This  tract  and  that  of  Rev.  John  De  Witt,  3r. 
(No.  192,  "The  Bible  of  Divine  Origin"),  were  competitors,  but  both  so 
excellent  that  both  were  printed).  Sermon  on  "Genuineness  and  Authen- 
ticity of  the  Bible  and  the  Madness  of  Infidelity."  "National  Preacher," 
October,  1835.  "The  Roman  Catholic  Controversy,"  2d  ed.,  1834.  Letters  on 
Theodore  Dwight's  book,  "Open  Convents,"  1836.  "An  Earnest  Appeal  to 
Christians,"  1836.  "Lights  and  Shadows  of  Christian  Life,"  1837.  "The 
Christian  Father  at  Home,"  1S37.  "The  Doctrinal  Decrees  and  Canons  of 
the  Council  of  Trent,"  1838.  "Christian  Youth's  Book,  and  Manual  for 
Communicants,"  1839.  "The  Converted  Murderer."  "History  of  Western 
Apostolic  Churches."  "The  Whigs  of  Scotland":  A  romance,  2  vols. 
"Popery  an  Enemy  to  Civil  and  Religious  Liberty,"  4th  edition,  1839.  "The 
Deity  of  Christ,"  1841.  "Letters  on  Christian  Baptism  Addressed  to  Young 
People,"  1841.  "Romanism  in  the  Light  of  Prophecy  and  History:  Its 
Final  Downfall  and  Triumph  of  the  Church  of  Christ,"  1854.  "St.  Patrick; 
or,  The  Ancient  Religion  of  the  Irish" — Introduction  to  "Maria  Monk." 
"Essays  on  Didactic  and  Controversial  Theology."  "On  Baptism." 
"Dying  Testimony  of  Believers"  (Tract  No.  286).  "An  Apppeal  on  the 
Importance  of  the  Gospel"  (Premium  tract  No.  253).  Editor  of  "Maga- 
zine of  Reformed  Dutch  Church,"  1826 — 3c — four  vols.  In  this  magazine, 
besides  a  couple  of  articles  above  alluded  to,  are  found  the  following, 
known  to  be  from  his  pen :  "A  Missionary  Sermon,"  1826,  vol.  i.  p.  I ;  "A 
Sermon  on  the  Ministry,"  i,  169;  "On  Regeneration,"  ii,  21;  "Arguments 
for  the  Authenticity  cf  the  Text  for  the  Heavenly  Witnesses,  i,  23,  46,  80, 
114,  143,  237.  336;  ii,  138;  iii,  42;  "On  Judas  the  Apostate,"  iv,  19,  2^7,  363; 
tract  on  "Sailing  Vessels  Out  of  Port  on  the  Sabbath,"  iv,  398;  "A  Review 
of  Gregory  on  Evidences,"  ii,  105;  "History  of  the  Brownlees  in  Scotland," 
ih.  353;  "History  of  Reformed  Church  in  the  Netherlands  and  in  the  United 
States,  i,  193,  289.  353;  ii,  24,  55,  117,  152,  247,  312.  344;  iv,  193. 
Also  many  contributions  to  the  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  1830-43. 

Bruce,  Peter,  b.  in  England,  Feb.  20,  1864;  Bible  Normal  School,  Spring- 
field, Mass.,  93,  N.B.S.  1900,  1.  CI.  N.  Y. ;  lay  assistant,  Middle  Col- 
legiate Ch.  N.  Y.  C,  93-7 ;  Clover  Hill,  N.  J.,  1900 

Bruce  William  Paterson,  b.  Mercersburg,  Pa..  Dec.  27,  1858;  R.C.  84, 
U.T.S.  87,  lie.  Presbyt.  N.  Y. ;  ord.  by  S.  CI.  Bergen.  Jan.  12,  1887; 
Greenville,  Jersey  City,  1887-95,  Yonkers,  Park  Hill,  1895 

Publications:     Arts,   in   "Homiletic  Review,"  "Preachers'   Magazine," 
"S.S.  Times,"  "Christian  Intelligencer." 

Bruen,  Jas.  M.,  b.  Newark,  N.  J.,  1818;  University  of  Pa.  39,  U.S.  42,  1.  3d 
Presbyt.  N.  Y.  (New  Windsor,  Presbyt.),  45-8.  Irvington,  50-2.  Died 
1881.     For  further  details,  see  "Union  Sem.  Gen.  Catalogue." 


THE    MINISTRY. 


353 


Bruen,  Matthias,  b.  at  Newark,  N.  ].,  Ap.  n,  1793:  C.C.  1812,  Assoc.  Refd. 
Sem,  1.  CI.  N.  Y.  16;  traveled  in  Europe  with  Dr.  Mason,  16-18; 
ordained  in  London,  18,  in  order  to  preach  in  Paris ;  Paris,  six  months, 
18-19,  Miss,  to  Bleecker  St.  N.  Y.  C.  Presbyt.,  22-5,  pastor,  25-9;  d. 
Sept.  6,  1829. 

He  was  highly  accomplished  in  manners,  in  literature,  and  in  the  knowl- 
edge of  men.  He  was  an  elegant  scholar,  and  often  extremely  happy  in 
bringing  his  learning  to  assist  his  forcible  illustrations  of  practical  subjects. 
The  operations  of  his  mind  were  rapid.  He  had  a  most  retentive  memory 
and  a  sound  judgment.  He  possessed  a  nice  sense  of  what  was  honorable 
and  becoming  the  place  and  time,  as  well  as  lawful,  and  a  characteristic 
abhorrence  of  whatever  is  trickish  and  mean.  With  high  and  honorable 
feelings,  he  united  great  ingenuousness  and  humble  views  of  his  own 
powers  and  acquisitions,  but  especially  of  the  measure  of  his  religion.  No 
person  who  knew  him  could  fail  of  marking  him  for  a  man  of  truth  and 
moral  intrepidity.  There  was  a  beautiful  correspondence  of  his  kindly, 
dignified,  and  discreet  demeanor  to  the  actual  characteristics  of  his  mind. 
See  "Life  and  Character  of  Bruen,"  N.  Y.,  1831.  "Dr.  Baird's  Life,"  103, 
167,  170.     "Mag.  R.  D.  C,"  iv,  224,  260.     "Drake's  Am.  Biog." 

Publications:  "Essays  Descriptive  of  Scenes  in  Italy  and  France," 
Edinburgh,  1820.  "A  Sermon  in  Am.  Chapel."  Paris,  1818.  "A  Thanks- 
giving Ser.,"  1822.     "A  Ser.  Before  Female  Bible  Soc,"  1823. 

Bruins,  Henry  Martin,  b.  Alto,  Wis.,  Feb.  20,   1873;  H.C.  95,  P.S.  98, 

post-grad,  at  Howard  Divinity  School,  98-99;  1.   CI.  Wisconsin,  98; 

Pekin,  111.,  1901 

Bbuins,  William  Henry,  b.  Alto,  Wis.,  Oct.  16,  1865;  H.C.  90,  McCor- 

mick  Sem.,   Chicago,  93,  1.   CI.  Wisconsin ;  Coopersville,    Mich,  93-9. 

Marion,  N.  Y.,  1900 

Brummel,  Jacob,  b.  New  Groningen,  Mich.,  Sept.  5,  1873;  H.C.  97,  W.S. 

1900,  1.  CI.  Holland ;  Grand  View.  S.  Dak.,  1901 

Bruschweiler,  F.     Flatbush,  2d,  1891-2. 

Brush,  Alfred  H.  (s.  of  Wm.  Brush)  ;  R.C.  1862,  N.B.S.  65,  1.  CI.  Raritan; 

Shokan  and  Shandaken,  65-67,  Nassau,  67-80,  New  Utrecht,  1880 

D.D.  by  H.  C,  1897. 

Brush,  John  C,  studied  theol.  under  Livingston,  1.  CI.  N.  Y.,  1793 ;  N.  and 
S.  Hampton,  1794-96  (Dutch  Creek,  Cross  Roads,  and  Dover,  Del., 
Presbyt.),  1796-18. ..     "Mints.  G.S.,"    i,  p.  463. 

Brush,  William,  b.  N.Y.  City,  May  23,  1809;  R.C.  30.  N.B.S.  34,  1.  CI.  N.  Y. ; 
Guilford,  34-51,  Tarrytown.  51-52,  Bedminster,  52-65  supplying 
churches  65-69,  S.S.  South  New  Haven,  Ct.  (six  months),  69,  Ford- 
ham,  69-74,  w.  c.     Died  Mar.  15,  1898. 

His  parents  were  among  the  founders  of  the  Franklin  Street  Church, 
New  York  City,  in  1808.  He  received  the  Word  of  God  with  meekness, 
and  expounded  it  with  vigor  of  thought  and  clearness  of  expression.  Self- 
humiliation,  habitual  penitence  of  spirit,  and  deep  sense  of  a  sinner  saved 
by  grace,  characterized  him.     Many  of  the  precious  truths  he  uttered  be- 


354  THE    MINISTRY. 

came  as  household  words  among  those  who  heard  him.  The  latter  years  of 
his  life  were  industriously  employed  in  the  service  of  the  Master.  When 
he  went  to  Morristown  in  1878  he  had  reached  the  three  score  years  and 
ten,  and  presumably  was  about  at  the  end  of  his  work.  But  the  Christ-life 
within  kept  him  in  vigorous  exercise.  In  every  direction,  upon  the  streets 
and  in  public  places  of  concourse,  he  sought  to  engage  ethers  in  spiritual 
converse.  He  made  large  use  of  tracts  and  books  for  distribution.  His 
dignified  bearing,  sunny  face,  and  pure  character  made  him  welcome  every- 
where. The  work  grew  on  his  hands.  It  led  him  into  Sunday-schools, 
mission  quarters,  and  public  institutions.  He  became  deeply  interested  in 
work  among  the  colored  people.  He  also  made  a  conscientious  use  of 
money.  His  income  was  not  large,  but  he  was  a  prudent  manager.  He 
increased  his  contribution  to  the  Bible  and  Tract  societies  and  the  Boards 
of  our  church.  With  the  aid  of  relatives  he  founded  a  "Brush  Memorial 
Fund"  in  our  seminary  at  New  Brunswick,  as  a  memorial  of  his  father  and 
his  departed  children.  He  afterward  founded  two  other  scholarships,  en- 
tirely his  own  gifts;  one  for  our  Western  seminary  in  Michigan,  and  one  for 
our  seminary  in  Arcot,  India.  Amen?  his  latest  concerns  was  the  rendering 
of  timely  assistance  to  disabled  ministers  and  the  widow?  and  children  of 
those  deceased.  In  all  this  unselfish  ministry  he  grew  old  without  becom- 
ing a  burden  to  himself  or  others.  He  had  long  been  infirm,  but  there  was 
no  special  premonition  that  death  was  close  at  hand.  He  came  to  the  brink 
without  knowledge  of  the  fact,  and  passed  swiftly  over  the  river.  Long 
waiting  to  go,  he  was  simply  released  and  entered  into  re-t.  He  left  behind 
him  tbe  memory  and  influence  of  a  most  Christlike  character.  See  "Mints. 
Gen.  Syn.,"  1898,  244.     "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  of  R.C.,"  1898,  6. 

Brush.  Win.  W.   (s.  of  Win.  Brush),  b.  at  Guilford,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  25,  1843; 

R.C.  62,  N.B.S.  66,  lie.  CI.  Raritan ;  Farmer  Village,  66-8,  Marbletown, 

68-72,  Geneva,  72-8;  d.  Mar.  31,  1878. 
From  early  youth  he  was  peculiarly  thoughtful  and  conscientious.  About 
the  middle  of  his  junior  year  in  college  he  was  converted.  His  mind  was 
first  directed  to  the  study  of  the  law,  but  a  growing  sense  of  duty  led  him 
to  enter  the  ministry.  He  was  a  thorough  scholar,  a  sound  theologian,  and 
well  versed  in  doctrine.  He  was  also  a  diligent  and  most  acceptable  pastor. 
His  manners  were  gentlemanly,  pleasant,  and  winning,  and  his  general  con- 
versation sprightly  and  genial,  the  outflow  of  a  warm  Christian  heart.  His 
piety  appeared  in  his  whole  conduct.  His  elocution  was  earnest,  animated, 
forcible,  and  never  failed  to  interest  his  hearers.  At  Geneva  he  took  rank 
among  the  ablest  ministers,  and  was  recognized  as  a  worthy  successor  of  the 
distinguished  clergyman  who  had  previously  filled  that  pulpit.  He  pos- 
sessed the  faculty  of  attracting  the  love  of  every  one.  His  youth,  earnest- 
ness of  spirit,  and  deep  spirituality  of  character  made  him  friends  every- 
where. He  was  an  active  worker  in  the  temperance  movement,  and  every 
good  cause  found  in  him  a  warm  and  earnest  advocate. 

Buck,  Charles  Duryca  (son  of  Rev.  Josiah  Judson  Buck,  who  served  in  the 
Presbyterian  ministry  for  fifty  years),  b.  at  Knox,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  24,  1826; 
W.C.  45,  Prin.  of  Clinton  Academy,  L.I.,  45-47,  U.S.  48-49,  lie.  Presb. 


THE   MINISTRY.  355 

of  Columbia;  ord.  by  CI.  N.Y.,  May  14,  51,  Peekskill,  51-70,  Hoboken, 
1st,  70-74  (S.S.)  Weehawken,  Presb.,  74-77),  Middletown,  N.  J.,  77- 
1893 ;  d.  May  26.     D.D.  by  R.C.,  1883. 

Dr.  Buck  was  a  refined  Christian  gentleman,  an  accomplished  scholar,  a 
bright  conversationalist,  and  a  practical  thinker  and  worker.  In  ecclesi- 
astical bodies  he  was  a  clear  and  wise  counsellor.  As  a  preacher  he  was,  in 
style,  methodic;  in  doctrine,  sound;  in  themes,  solid  and  experimental;  and 
in  manner  dignified  and  reverent.  As  a  pastor  he  was  faithful  to  the  inter- 
ests of  his  people.  The  testimonies  given  by  the  press  at  the  time  of  his 
death  were  deservedly  eulogistic.  He  was  forty-three  years  in  the  ministry 
of  our  church,  and  left  behind  him  a  record  which  those  who  knew  him  and 
those  whom  he  served  in  his  pastorates  will  continue  to  cherish  with  just 
and  honorable  pride.     "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1894,  207. 

Publications:  "Address  Before  Military  Companies,"  Peekskill,  July 
5,  1858.  "Village  and  Vicinity  of  Peekskill,"  i860.  "Thanksgiving  Disc," 
1863.  "Add.  Before  Westchester  Co.  Bible  Soc,"  1863.  "Reports  of  West- 
chester Co.  Bible  Soc,"  1863-70.  "God's  Presence  in  the  Universe  of 
Souls,"  "Nat.  Preacher,"  July,  1864.  "Sermon  on  the  Use  of  a  Little 
Wine,"  1869.  "Address,  Centenl's  Celebration  at  Peekskill."  July  4,  1876. 
"Two  Hundred  Years  Ago;  Thanksgiving  Disc,"  1879.  "He  Descended 
Into  Hell,"  "Cath.  Presbyt.,"  Mar.,  1880.    Arts,  for  press  and  poems. 

Buckelew,  Wm.  Dey,  b.  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  June  14,   1825;  R.C.  48, 

N.B.S.  51,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Currytown  and  Mapletown,  51-54,  Athens,  54- 

59,  Moresville  and  South  Gilboa,  59-63,  Blue  Mountain,  63-70,  Tyre, 

70-76,  Westerlo,  76-79,  Schoharie  Mt,  79-89,  Palisades,  89-93 ;  d-  Nov. 

15. 

He  was  intensely  conscientious,  even  in  the  smallest  things.     His  principal 

characteristic  was  spiritual  mindedness.     He  walked  with  God.     See  also 

"Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1894,  215.     "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,"  1894,  17. 

Buckham,  Jas.,  1841. 

Bulkley,  Charles  Henry  Augustus,  b.  Charleston,  S.  C,  Dec.  22,  1819; 
U.N.Y.  1839,  U.T.S.  1839-42  (ord.  by  Presb.  of  Newark,  N.  J.,  Dec.  17, 
1892;  Presbyt.,  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  1842-3;  Miss,  at  Janesville,  Wis., 
1843-5;  Mt.  Morris,  N.  Y.,  1847-50)  ;  S.S.  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  1850-2  (S.s! 
Winsted,  Ct.  (Cong.),  1853-8;  S.S.  Paterson,  N.  J.,  1859-61;  Chaplain, 
U.S.  Army,  1861-3;  Owego,  N.  Y.,  1865-7;  Chaplain,  Y.M.C.A.,  Brook- 
lyn, N.  Y.,  1867-8;  Malone,  N.  Y.,  1868-75;  Prof.  Boston,  Mass., 
1875-6;  Port  Henry,  N.  Y.,  1876-81;  Prof.  Howe  Univ.,  Washington, 
D.  C,  1881-90;  w.  c.  1890-3;  d.  Feb.  2.     D.D.  by  Howe  Univ.,  1880. 

Bumstead,  Samuel  Andrews,  b.  in  Boston,  Mass.,  Dec.  16,  1798;  Middle- 
bury  Coll.,  Vt.,  1823.  P.S.  28,  lie  by  Franklin  Assoc,  Mass. ;  ord.  as  an 
evangelist  by  Congregationalists,  Jan.  31,  28,  S.S.  Rhinebeck,  29-30; 
Manayunk,  3T"35.  Manayunk  and  Roxborough,  35-49,  Roxborough,  49- 
53.  Spring  Lake,  111.,  53-61,  Raritan,  111.,  61-76,  Norris,  111.  (S.S.),  76, 
emeritus;  (S.S.)  Norris,  111.,  1879-1890.  Died  1894,  March  22,  94 
years  old. 


356  THE    MINISTRY. 

He  supplied  Rhinebeck  during  the  absence  of  Dr.  Bethune.  After  being 
declared  emeritus  in  1876,  at  78  years  of  age,  with  brave  heart,  he  con- 
tinued to  supply  Norris  for  eleven  years.  His  exemplary  character  and 
earnest  pulpit  utterances,  his  hearty  sympathy  with  those  who  were  in 
trouble  or  affliction,  and  his  unaffected  goodness,  won  for  him  the  respect 
and  reverence  of  all,  young  and  old,  for  none  could  know  him  but  to  love, 
none  could  name  him  but  to  praise.  As  his  life  was  a  consecration,  so  his 
end  was  peace.     "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1894,  223. 

Publications  :  "Address  to  Pastor  and  People,"  at  Fairview,  at  instal- 
lation of  Rev.  Wm.  Anderson.     In  "Ch.  Int.,"  Oct.  16,  1856. 

Bunnell,  Seth.     U.C.  1835,  Glenville,  1st,  1835-8;  d. 

Burghardt,  Peter  H.     U.C.  1840,  West  Farms,  52-55,  Glenville,  1st,  55-61, 

Chaplain  First  Chasseurs,  N.Y.V.,  64-65. 
Buri,  P.,  from  Refd.  Ch.  of  Berne,  Switzerland,   1858.     See  "Mints.  Gen. 

Syn.,"  1859,  P-  449- 
Burkart,  John  Jacob.     N.B.S.,  1891. 

Burr,  Marcus.     N.B.S.  1862;  Presbyt,   1863 

Burrell,  David  James,  b.  at  Mt.  Pleasant,  Pa.,  Aug.  1,  1844;  Y.C.  67, 
N.W.  Th.  Sem.,  67-8,  U.S.  68-70,  lie.  Presbyt.  of  Chicago,  71 ;  ord.  by 
same,  72,  (Evangelist  and  Pastor,  Presbyt.  Ch.,  Chicago,  71-6,  Dubuque, 
la.,   76-87,   Westminster  Ch.,   Minneapolis,   Wis.,  87-91)  ;    New   York 

City,  Collegiate  Ch.,  5th  av.  and  29th  St.,  1891 .     D.D.  by  Parsons 

College,  1883. 
Publications:  "The  Religions  of  the  World:  Of  Ancient  Egypt;  Zo- 
roastrianism,  Brahmanism ;  Buddhism ;  The  Religion  of  Greece ;  The  Re- 
ligion of  the  Norsemen ;  Confucionism ;  Islam ;  The  True  Religion." 
"Hints  and  Helps":  Vol.  i,  Bible  studies  in  Is.,  Jer.,  Ps.,  Dan.,  and  the 
Acts  of  the  Apostles,  1892;  Vol.  ii,  Bible  studies  in  the  Prophets,  Job, 
Proverbs,  Ecces.,  The  Acts  and  the  Epistles,  1893;  Vol.  iii,  Bible  studies  in 
Gen.,  Ex.,  and  The  Gospels,  1894.  The  following  volumes  of  sermons : 
"The  Gospel  of  Gladness,"  and  other  sermons;  "The  Morning  Cometh," 
and  other  sermons;  "The  Religion  of  the  Future,"  and  other  sermons: 
"The  Early  Church  Studies  in  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles,"  from  "Hints  and 
Helps,"  by  Dr.  David  James  Burrell  and  Rev.  Joseph  Dum  Burrell)  ;  "The 
Spirit  of  the  Age,"  and  other  sermons;  "For  Christ's  Crown,"  and  other 
sermons ;  "The  Golden  Passional,"  and  other  sermons ;  "The  Wondrous 
Cross,"  and  other  sermons;  "God  and  the  People,"  and  other  sermons; 
"The  Gospel  of  Certainty,"  and  other  sermons ;  "The  Unaccountable 
Man."  and  other  sermons ;  "The  Church  in  the  Fort,"  and  other  sermons. 
Many  contributions  to  the  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  and  other  papers. 

Burrtll,  George  Henry,  b.  Newburyport.  Mass.,  Oct.  18,  1856,  Harv.  Col. 
79.  U.T.S.  81-4,  lie.  Middlesex  South  Assoc,  Mass.,  1884;  ord.  by  same, 
1884  (New  Lebanon,  N.  Y.  (Cong.),  84-92).  Claverack.  1892 

Burrows,  Charles  W.,  b.  N.  Y.  C,  Aug  30.  1859:  lie.  by  CI.  Orange,  Oct., 
88;  Berea,  N.  Y.,  88-91,  Coeymans,  N.  Y.,  1891 

Burroughs,  Geo.  W.,  1854. 


THE   MINISTRY.  357 

Burtis,  see  Alburtis. 

Burtiss,  Arthur,  b.  in  N.  Y.  C,  1807 ;  C.C.  and  U.C  27,  P.S.  and  Aub.  S. 
33,  I.  Presb.  Geneva  (Buffalo,  33-5)  ;  Fort  Plain,  35  (Oxford  Presbyt.), 
35-40  (?).  Teaching  in  Buffalo;  Sec.  Am.  and  For.  Ch.  Union,  59-63, 
Prof,  of  Greek  Lang,  in  Miami  University,  64-7;  d.  D.D.  by  U.C, 
1850. 

He  was  the  son  of  Arthur  Burtiss,  long  one  of  the  city  aldermen,  when 
the  office  was  one  of  honor  rather  than  profit.  The  father  was  for  many 
years  connected  with  the  charitable  and  reformatory  institutions  of  the 
city,  and  was  a  man  of  great  moral  worth  and  integrity.  Dr.  B.  was  edu- 
cated in  the  best  classical  schools  of  New  York,  and  was  one  of  the  most 
accomplished  classical  scholars  in  the  State.  Soon  after  graduating,  he 
commenced  the  study  of  law  with  Jas.  O.  Moore,  of  Cherry  Valley,  N.  Y., 
and  whose  stepdaughter  he  subsequently  married.  Afterward  he  pursued 
his  legal  studies  in  the  city  of  New  York  in  the  office  of  Chancellor  Kent. 
Before  his  admission  as  an  attorney  he  concluded  to  change  his  profession, 
feeling  himself  called,  under  his  strong  sense  of  duty,  to  preach  the  Gospel. 
He  was  a  man  of  great  and  varied  learning,  and  was  especially  a  most  ac- 
complished Latin  and  Greek  scholar.  His  true  place  was  that  of  a  college 
professor.  This  came  to  him  late  in  life,  when  he  was  chosen  Greek 
Professor  of  the  Miami  University,  Ohio. — Hon.  Wm.  W.  Campbell,  Cherry 
Valley,  N.  Y. 

Butz,  Henry  Anson,  b.  Middle  Smithfield,  Pa.,  Ap.  18,  1835;  C.N  J.  58, 
N.B.S.  61 ;  adjunct  Prof.  Greek  and  Heb.,  1870,  and  Prof.  N.  T.  Exe- 
gesis, Drew  Theolog.  Sem. ;  Pres.  of  same,  1880 .     D.D.  by  C.N.J. 

1875 ;  LL.D.  by  Dick.  Coll.,  1885. 

Buursma,  Ale,  b.  at  Ferwerd,  Neth.,  1841 ;  H.C.  1866,  H.S.  1869,  lie.  CI. 
Holland,  1869;  Polkton,  1869-72,  S.  Holland,  111.,  1872-8,  Orange  City, 
la.,  1878-89,  Grand  Rapids,  5th,  1889 

Cahoone,  Win.,  Jr.,  b.  1776;  D.C.  1824,  P.S.  1827;  Miss,  at  Berne,  1828. 
Miss,  at  Stuyvesant,  1828-9,  Hyde  Park,  1829-33,  Coxsackie,  1834-47, 
Fordham,  1847-8 ;  d.  1849.     See  funeral  ser.  by  Dr.  John  Knox,  1849. 

Cameron,  Herbert  Henry.     R.C.  1880,  N.B.S.  80-2. 

(Campbell,  Alan  D.  (brother  of  W.  H.  Campbell),  Miss,  in  Brooklyn,  1827. 
See  "Memorial  of  Dr.  Wm.  H.  Campbell."  p.  1.) 

Campbell,  Alan  Ditchfield  (s.  of  W.  H.  Campbell),  R.C.  62,  N.B.S.  68, 
1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Athens,  1st,  68-82,  Castleton,  82-89,  New  Brunswick,  Suy- 
dam  st.,  1890 .     Vedder  Lecturer,  1889. 

Campbell,  Jas.  Benj.,  b.  Glasgow,  Scotland;  R.C;  N.B.S.  1870,  1.  CI.  Rens- 
selaer; Chatham  Village,  70-3,  Lebanon,  73-6,  Albany,  3d,  76-82  (Batch- 
ellerville,  N.  Y.,  82-5),  Rhinebeck,  85-7,  Long  Branch,  87-90  (Lebanon, 
San  Francisco,  1st  Presbyt.  Ch Stockton,  Cal Shawnee,  Pa., 

1894 ) 

Campbell,  Jas.  K.,  from  Refd.  Pres.  Ch. ;  ordained  as  a  Miss,  to  Northern 

India,  1834;  North  Branch,  1838-54. 
Campbell,  Wm.  Henry,  b.  at  Baltimore,  Sept.  14,  1808 ;  D.C  28,  P.S.  28-29, 

1.  2d  Pres.  N.  Y.,  31,  Chittenango,  31-33,  Prin.  Erasmus  Hall,  L.  I., 


358  THE   MINISTRY. 

33-39,  East  New  York,  39-41,  Albany,  3d,  41-48,  Prin.  Albany  Academy, 
48-51,  Prof.  Oriental  Lit.  in  New  Brunswick  Sem.,  51-63,  also  Prof. 
Bel.  Let.  Rutgers  Col.,  51-63,  Prof,  of  Moral  Phil.,  62-63,  President 
Rutgers  College,  and  Prof.  Bib.  Lit.,  Moral  Phil,  and  Ev.  Christianity 
in    R.C.,    63-82,    Suydam    St.,    New    Brunswick,    83-1890,    d.    Dec.    7. 
Elected  a  trustee  of  Rutgers  College,  Sept.  16,  1862.     D.D.  by  U.C., 
1844. 
Dr.  Campbell  was  of  Scotch  descent,  nurtured  in  a  Christian  home,  and 
in  early  years  was  thoroughly  instructed  in  the  doctrines  of  grace.     In- 
stead of  taking  a  charge  in  his  own  denomination,  it  is  said  that  through 
the  influence  of  Dr.  T.  M.  Strong  he  was  induced  to  enter  the  ministry  of 
the  Reformed  Church.     According  to  his  natural  characteristics,  in  place 
of  seeking  a  strong  church,  he  preferred  to  build  up  the  feeble.    Although 
he  loved  to  preach  the  Gospel  and  was  successful  in  his  pastoral  work,  yet 
his  taste  for  books  and  his  aptitude  to  teach  led  him  to  think  that  he  could 
serve  the  cause  of  Christ  and  His  church  more  efficiently  as  a  teacher  than 
as  a  preacher.     While  principal  of  Erasmus  Hall,  at  Flatbush,  L.  I.,  he 
gained  a  wide  reputation  as  a  gifted  and  most  successful  educator.     But  the 
teacher  could  never  forget  that  he  was  also  a  preacher,  and  as  opportunity 
offered  he  continued  to  preach  in  vacant  pulpits,  or  for  his  brethren.     For 
twelve  years  he,  most  worthily  and  profitably  to  the  church,  filled  the  chair 
as  Professor  of  Oriental  Languages  and  Literature  in  the  New  Brunswick 
Theological  Seminary. 

While  there  he  started  influences  which  completely  transformed  that  in- 
stitution. He  was  a  wonderful  teacher,  like  his  predecessor,  Dr.  McClel- 
land. He  drilled  the  students  thoroughly  in  Hebrew,  so  that  if  they  had 
any  linguistic  ability  they  would  never  forget  what  they  then  learned.  He 
went  upon  the  principle  that  it  was  better  to  take  short  lessons  and  master 
every  detail  than  to  go  over  more  ground  and  know  nothing  perfectly  or 
even  well.  He  also  thoroughly  taught  his  classes  in  the  Chaldee  and 
Syriac  languages,  and  with  one  student  made  a  beginning  in  Arabic.  He 
taught  them  to  do  their  own  thinking,  and  to  criticise  the  lexicon  and 
grammar.  He  required  his  students  to  write  out  paraphrases  of  the  Mes- 
sianic prophecies  and  of  Paul's  epistles,  and  to  clear  up  every  difficulty  of 
construction  or  logic,  and  show  the  force  of  every  particle.  He  taught  his 
scholars  not  to  be  satisfied  with  any  mere  superficial  view  of  a  passage  of 
Scripture,  but  to  be  real  exegetes. 

But  he  looked  also  after  the  material  interests  of  the  seminary.  He  an- 
ticipated the  future  needs  of  the  institution.  He  wanted  it  separated  from 
the  college.  For  thirty  years  the  two  institutions  had  been  bound  together, 
partly  from  financial  necessities ;  and  the  lecture  rooms  were  used  in  com- 
mon. The  theological  professors  also  taught  in  the  college.  Out  of  these 
conditions  sprang  the  movement  which  resulted  in  the  building  of  Hertzog 
Hall.  On  a  hot  day  in  July,  1854,  as  the  middle  and  junior  clases  filed 
into  Dr.  Campbell's  lecture  room,  a  college  class  having  just  left,  he  burst 
out  in  one  of  his  denunciations  of  the  arrangements  existing,  and  concluded 
by  saying,  "If  I  were  you,  I  would  not  stand  it.  Why  do  you  not  get  to- 
gether and  hold  a  meeting  and  protest,  and  ask  the  Synod,  or  the  Collegiate 


THE   MINISTRY.  359 

Church,  or  somebody  else,  to  build  you  a  hall  worthy  of  the  institution.  Be 
men  and  do  something  to  relieve  the  present  unworthy  arrangements." 

The  students  held  a  meeting  on  July  8,  1854,  and  discussed  the  subject 
It  was  the  classes  of  1854,  1855,  and  1856.  It  was  determined  to  draw  up  a 
petition  asking  for  a  separate  seminary  building,  containing  lecture  rooms 
and  dormitories.  A  committee  of  four  was  appointed,  of  which  Frank  N. 
Zabriskie  was  made  chairman.  He  prepared  the  paper  in  his  own  inimitable 
fashion,  and,  with  the  indorsement  of  the  faculty,  it  passed  into  the  hands 
of  the  Board  of  Superintendents,  and  they  sent  it  to  the  General  Synod. 
The  further  history  can  be  traced  in  the  minutes  of  that  body.  The  event 
was  fraught  with  most  important  consequences  to  both  college  and  semi- 
nary. It  was  the  beginning  of  changes  which  revolutionized  both  institu- 
tions, modifying  all  their  subsequent  history. 

The  financial  obstacles  which  had  stood  in  the  way  of  the  enterprise  sud- 
denly and  unexpectedly  disappeared.  After  one  or  two  disappointments, 
connected  with  propositions  to  and  from  the  Collegiate  Church,  Mrs.  Peter 
Hertzog  provided  the  means  for  the  erection  of  the  building.  Professor 
Ludlow  had  been  her  former  pastor  in  Philadelphia,  and  knew  that  she 
had  provided  in  her  will  for  a  bequest  of  $25,000  to  endow  a  Professorship 
in  the  seminary.  With  her  then  present  pastor,  Rev.  Dr.  Wm.  J.  R.  Taylor, 
he  waited  on  her  and  laid  before  her  the  pressing  necessities  of  the  institu- 
tion. She  at  once  resolved  to  anticipate  the  provisions  of  her  will  and  to 
add  $5,000  thereto  for  the  erection  of  Hertzog  Hall.  The  land  was  ob- 
tained partly  by  gift  and  partly  by  purchase  through  funds  contributed  by 
Messrs.  Wessel  Wessels  and  Francis  Wessels,  of  Paramus,  N.  J.  The 
Hertzogs  were  descendants  of  the  early  German  settlers  of  Pennsylvania, 
who  had  been  befriended  by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  Mrs.  Hertzog 
now,  in  turn,  does  an  act  for  the  Dutch  Church,  which  gave  its  seminary 
new  life  and  character,  and  resulted  ultimately  in  the  superb  equipment  of 
buildings  and  library  and  additional  professorships.  The  entire  movement 
was  started  by  Dr.  Campbell,  but  he  was  building  far  better  than  he  knew. 

In  1863  the  trustees  of  Rutgers  College  called  him  to  the  Presidency  of 
that  institution.  Here  all  his  varied  talents  were  called  into  activity. 
When  he  assumed  the  Presidency  the  college  was,  in  point  of  finances, 
equipments,  and  members,  very  weak.  At  his  resignation,  nearly  a  score 
of  years  later,  it  had  been  developed  beyond  all  anticipation  in  its  instruc- 
tion, endowment,  and  buildings.  More  than  half  a  million  had  been  added 
to  its  funds.  He  left  it  in  a  high  degree  of  prosperity.  But,  although  now 
about  seventy-four  years  old,  he  still  yearned  to  do  something  for  Christ. 
He  began  religious  services  in  a  destitute  part  of  New  Brunswick,  which 
resulted  in  the  organization  of  the  Suydam  Street  Church.  As  a  preacher 
he  was  clear  and  forcible ;  as  a  pastor  tender  and  sympathetic ;  as  an  edu- 
cator thorough  and  broad,  and  as  a  Christian  humble  and  devout.  See 
"Biog.  Diet,  of  N.  J.,"  1877.  "Schaff-Hertzog  Cyc."  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.," 
1891,  414.  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  and  Officers  of  Rutgers  College,"  1891, 
3.     "In  Memory  of,"  by  Dr.  David  Murray  and  others,  pp.  107,  1894. 

Publications:     "Funeral1  Sermons  of  Drs.  And.  Yates,"  1844;  of  "S.  H. 


36o 


THE    MINISTRY. 


Van  Vranken,"  1861  (in  "Evang.  Quarterly,"  ii)  ;  of  "Dr.  T.  M.  Strong," 
1861;  of  "Hon.  Theodore  Frelinghuysen,"  1862;  of  '"Hon.  A.  O.  Za- 
briskie,"  1874.  Art.  on  "Dr.  Yates,"  in  "Sprague's  Annals."  "Influence 
of  Christianity  in  Civil  and  Religious  Liberty,"  in  "Proceedings  of  Evang. 
Alliance,"  1873.  "System  of  Catechetical  Instruction  in  Refd.  Ch.,  Cen- 
tennial Discourses,"  1876.  "Subjects  and  Modes  of  Baptism,"  1844.  Many 
addresses  and  sermons,  including  the  Baccalaureate  Sermons  as  Pres.  of 
Rutgers  College,  in  the  papers.  His  "Fun.  Ser.  of  Dr.  J.  F.  Berg,"  in  "Ch. 
Int.,"  July  27,  1871.  Many  articles  in  "Albany  Argus,"  "Christian  Intel- 
ligencer," etc.  "Sketch  of  Rev.  Dr.  Jas.  S.  Cannon,"  in  "Cannon's  Pastoral 
Theology,"  1853.  "Address  at  Dedicat.  of  Hertzog  Hall,"  1856.  "In  Camp- 
bell Memorial,"  p.  84,  1891.  "Inaug.  as  Pres.  of  Rutgers  College;"  "Inaug. 
Memorial,"  101. 

Campiield,  Robt.  B.,  b.  1801 ;  C.N.J.  24,  Aub.  S.  28,  lie.  Pres.  Cayuga,  27 
(Caldwell,  N.  J.,  28-9,  Assist.  Sec.  Dom.  Miss.  Pres.  Ch.  (in  Phila- 
delphia), 29-30,  Agent,  Am.  S.S.U.  30-1,  New  Preston,  Conn.,  Cong. 
31-4,  Sec.  Am.  S.S.U.,  New  York,  30-58)  ;  Sec.  Sab.  S.  Bd.  R.D.C.  58- 
62  (Financial  Actor,  Am.  and  For.  Chr.  Union,  62-72,  traveled  in  Eu- 
rope, Egypt,  and  Palestine,  72-3,  preaching  to  the  poor  in  Newark,  73). 
In  1855  be  wrote  "Maria  Cheesman;  or,  The  Candy  Girl,"  pp.  158. 
Died  Mar.  21,  1886. 

Cannon,  Jas.  Spencer,  b.  1766  in  the  Island  of  Curacao ;  studied  under 
Froeligh  and  Livingston,  1.  CI.  Hackensack,  1796;  Six  Mile  Run,  and 
Millstone,  1796-1807,  Six  Mile  Run,  1807-26,  Prof.  Ecc.  Hist.  1818-19, 
again  1826-52 ;  also  Prof.  Metaphysics  and  the  Philosophy  of  the 
Human  Mind,  in  Rutgers  Coll.,  1826-52;  d.  Elected  a  trustees  of 
Queen's  Coll.,  1800. 

He  was  a  man  peculiar  in  many  respects,  and  calculated  to  attract  atten- 
tion wherever  he  might  be,  even  among  a  crowd  of  people.  His  bodily 
frame  was  tall,  erect — not  corpulent,  but  well  developed  in  every  part,  mak- 
ing the  impression  on  you  of  one  that  possessed  considerable  muscular 
strength,  power  of  endurance,  and  high  health.  His  garb  was,  for  the  most 
part,  of  the  antiquated  sort,  from  his  broad-brimmed  hat  down  to  his  feet, 
with  the  exception  of  the  large  silver,  well-polished  shoe  buckles.  His  gait 
was  slow,  measured,  firm,  dignified,  straightforward;  the  gait  of  one  who 
seemed  to  regard  walking  as  something  that  was  to  be  done  with  care  and 
according  to  rule,  and  not  in  a  light  and  trifling  manner.  His  utterance 
was  distinct  and  deliberate,  like  his  gait — emphatic,  impressive,  with  con- 
siderable of  the  guttural,  and  the  broad  pronunciation  of  the  letter  A  about 
it.  He  was  fond  of  throwing  out  short,  pithy,  pointed,  striking,  practical 
remarks  in  his  talk,  and  was  successful  generally  in  doing  it,  for  he  had  a 
well-stored  and  well-disciplined  mind,  and  a  memory  very  capacious,  re- 
tentive, and  ready.  Perhaps  he  was  a  little  too  measured,  formal,  stilted, 
artificial,  and  oracular  in  what  he  said  and  did.  This  is  not  written  in  the 
way  of  disparagement,  but  to  furnish  as  accurate  a  likeness  as  possible. 
He  was  a  very  studious,  diligent  man,  even  to  the  end  of  his  protracted  life 
— one  of  seventy-six  years.     He  read  much,  and,  to  prove  that  he  read  with 


-K-jAirtV  "-.■■"■    ^-i../;f>;,:-v\s.:-f'':::.rf:<%"V."-,:.- 

- 


aj. 


THE    MINISTRY.  361 

discrimination  and  care  and  pondered  what  he  read,  he  used  to  say  that  it 
was  his  habit  to  read  with  the  pen  in  his  hand,  and  to  mark  in  the  margin 
of  the  page  any  sentiment,  or  argument,  or  fact,  that  struck  him  as  valuable 
and  interesting,  referring  in  the  blank  leaves  at  the  end  of  the  book  to  the 
pages  he  had  thus  marked.  Thus  he  could,  in  a  short  time  and  with  great 
ease,  gather  the  cream  of  every  volume  he  had  read  and  ponder  it  again,  and 
use  it  for  any  specific  purpose  which  he  had  in  view.  He  laid  great  stress 
on  careful,  thoughtful  sermonizing,  and  insisted  that  it  should  be  a  life-long 
exercise  of  every  minister.  He  had  gathered  together  a  large  amount  of 
valuable  knowledge.  We  see  one  proof  of  this  in  his  treatise  on  "Pastoral 
Theology."  Though  it  may  have  its  defects,  it  is  a  treasure  house  to  every 
minister  of  the  Gospel.  And  he  managed  to  perform  this  vast  amount  of 
intellectual  labor  without  any  apparent  injury  to  his  health;  and  this,  no 
doubt,  was  mainly  owing  to  the  manner  in  which  he  pursued  his  studies. 
He  was  systematic,  regular,  seasonable,  steady,  calm,  moderate — remark- 
ably so.  He  was,  therefore,  always  beforehand  with  his  work ;  never  hur- 
ried, or  driven,  or  cornered;  never  urged  or  goaded  beyond  his  strength. 
His  example  may  be  turned  to  a  good  account  by  men  of  all  occupations, 
but  especially  by  students,  and  still  more  especially  by  theological  students 
and  ministers  of  the  Gospel.— D.D.  by  R.C.,  1811.  "Rev.  Gabriel  Ludlow." 
See  also  "New  Brunswick  Review,"  i,  100;  "Evangelical  Quarterly,"  ii, 
US;  "Biograph.  Sketch,"  prefixed  to  his  "Pastoral  Theology;"  Art.  in 
"Sprague's  Annals,"  by  Dr.  Proudfit;  "Bibliotheca  Sac,"  1854,  p.  420,  "Mc- 
Clintock's  Cyc.;"  "Ch.  Int.,"  Feb.  8,  1852.  D.D.  by  U.C.,  1819.  "Dr. 
Demarest's  Sketch,  Centennial  of  Sem.,"  442. 

Publications:  "Lectures  on  History  and  Chronology,"  1834;  second 
edition.  Article  in  "Sprague's  Annals  on  Rev.  Ira  Condit."  "A  Fourth 
of  July  Oration,"  1815.  "A  Sermon  on  a  Sacramental  Occasion"  (Pub- 
lished anonymously).  "Lectures  on  Pastoral  Theology,"  8vo,  pp.  617., 
N.  Y.,  1853  (Edited  by  Rev.  Dr.  Ab.  R.  Van  Nest,  for  reviews  of  these 
lectures;  see  "Dr.  Cor.  Van  Santvoord's  Miscellaneous  Discourses,"  and 
"Bibliotheca  Sac,"  ii,  417).  See  "Princeton  Rev.,"  1854,  p.  139.  Address 
to  Hon.  Theodore  Frelinghuysen  as  President-elect  of  Rutgers  College, 
1850  ("New  Brunswick  Rev.,"  i,  100). 

Cantine,  James,  b.  Stone  Ridge,  Ulster  Co.,  N.  Y.,  March  3,  1861 ;  U.C. 

83,  N.B.S.  89,  1.  CI.  Kingston;  Missionary  in  Arabia,  1889 

Carey,  J..  A.     West  R.D.C.,   New  York  City,   185 1-2;   d.     Obit,   in  "Ch. 

Int.,"  Nov.  4,  1852. 
Carle,  Jean,  b.  at  Nimes,  France ;  engaged  by  the  Consistory  of  the  Walloon 

Church,  Amsterdam,  for  service  in  New  York;  arrived  July  27,  1754; 

installed  Aug.  4  over  French  Ch.,  Pastor,  1754-64;  also  stated  supply 

at  New  Rochelle;  Chaplain  of  French  Hospital,  London,  1754 — (1790?). 
The  historian  Smith  says:  "He  bears  an  irreproachable  character,  is  very 
intent  upon  his  studies,  preaches  moderate  Calvinism,  and  speaks  with 
propriety,  both  of  pronunciation  and  gesture."  He  was  very  zealous  and 
energetic  The  Register  which  he  kept  indicates  a  high  sense  of  his  re- 
sponsibility.    He  also  administered  the  sacraments  four  times  per  year  at 


362 


THE    MINISTRY. 


New  Rochelle,  the  dissident  congregation  of  which  place  had  become,  since 
the  death  of  Rev.  Mr.  Rose,  1750,  a  mere  "annex"  of  the  New  York 
church.  He  won  the  esteem  and  love  of  the  people,  but  his  efforts  to 
resuscitate  the  New  York  church  were  not  successful.  He,  therefore,  re- 
signed, May  23,  1763,  but  offered  to  remain  if  they  would  conform  to  the 
Church  of  England,  but  this  the  church  would  not  do.  He  sailed  on  April 
17,  1764,  for  London.  He  was  one  of  the  original  trustees  of  King's  Col- 
lege. See  "Doc.  Hist.,"  N.  Y.  (4to  ed.),  iii,  315.  "Collections  of  Hugue- 
not Soc,"  N.  Y. 

Carle,  John  H.,  Q.C.  1811,  partly  in  N.B.S.  1814,  1.  Prcsbyt.  Geneva;  Mar- 
bletown,  Hurley,  14-26,  and  Shokan  also,  14-25  (Presbyt.,  25-48), 
Mapletown  and  Currytown,  48-51. 

Carpentier,  Casper,  mentioned  in  1657  in  a  letter  of  Megapolensis  and 
Drisius  to  CI.  Amsterdam.  He  was  a  brother-in-law  of  Jean  Paul 
Jacques,  commandant  at  Fort  Casimir,  Delaware.  He  died  in  1684. 
See  "Amst.  Cor.,"  "Letters,"  Aug.  5,  1657,  Oct.  10,  1688.  This  latter  is 
quoted  in  "Murphy's  Anthology,"  108.  "Doc.  Hist.,"  N.  Y.,  iii,  69-72. 
"Spottswood's  Hist.  Ser.,"  New  Castle,  1859.  Dr.  Spottswood  says, 
"In  1684  there  died  in  this  town  a  French  clergyman,  concerning  whom 
we  can  learn  nothing.  It  is  presumed  that  he  was  one  of  the  exiled 
Huguenots."  Several  additional  documents  about  ministers  of  this 
name  will  be  found  in  "The  Amsterdam  Correspondence,"  now  in 
course  of  publication  by  the  state  of  New  York. 

Carr,  Wm.  H.,  b.  Kinderhook,  N.  Y.,  1812  (Centreville,  Green  Co.,  N.  Y., 
1867-70,  Presb.),  Prattsville,  70-5,  Sharon.  75-7,  Gallupville,  77-80. 
Died  Aug.  7,  1890. 

His  early  ministry  was  in  the  Presbyterian  Church.  On  the  breaking 
out  of  the  Civil  War  he  enlisted  as  Chaplain  of  the  Fourth  Regiment,  of 
New  York,  and  served  continuously  with  his  regiment  until  the  close  of 
the  war,  and  then  was  honorably  discharged.  See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.," 
1891,  418. 

Carre,  Ezechiel.  Pastor  of  French  Ch.,  Narragansett,  R.  I.,  1687,  perhaps 
Pastor  in  N.  Y.  C,  1673-/8  (?)• 

Carroll,  Joseph  Halstead  (s.  of  Rev.  D.  L.  Carroll),  b.  Brooklyn,  N.  Y., 
May  21,  1833;  U.Pa.  51,  P.S.  54,  1.  Presbyt.  Philadelphia  (Jainesburg, 
N.  J.,  55-8,  Aiken,  S.  C,  58-60,  S.S.  South  Cong.  Ch.,  New  Haven, 
62-7),  New  Haven,  67-9,  Brooklyn  (Lee  Av.),  69-71,  East  Brooklyn, 
72-6,  Newburgh,  76-81  (Presbyt.  Stillwater,  Minn.,  82-7;  d.  Jan.  7). 
D.D.  by  H.S.C.,  1868. 

Publications  :  "Memorial  of  Gerard  Hallock,"  1866.  "Letter  to  Dr. 
Leonard  Bacon,"  1866. 

Carroll,  Vernon  Bond,  b.  at  Baltimore,  Md.,  1846;  R.C.  68,  N.B.S.  71,  lie. 
CI.  L.  I.,  Pottersville,  71-3,  Chapel  of  Collegiate  Ch.,  N.  Y.  C.  (Seventh 
av.  and  54th  St.),  73-7,  Warwick,  77-86  (Tenafly,  N.  J.,  Presbyt.,  86- 
96,  Amenia,  N.  Y.,  Presbyt.,  1899.     Died  Dec.  18). 


THE   MINISTRY.  363 

See  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.,  R.C.,"  1900,  26.  "Memorial  Sermon  by 
Prof.  Jacob  Cooper,"  1900. 

Case,  Calvin.  R.C.  1848,  N.B.S.  1851,  1.  CI.  Bergen,  1851 ;  Grahamville, 
1852-3,  Day,  1855-7,  Kiskatom,  1857-60,  West  Hurley,  1860-5,  w.  c. 

Case,  Clifford  Philip,  b.  Jersey  City,  Oct,  22,  1873 ;  R-C.  97,  N.B.S.  1900, 
1.  CI.  Paramus ;  Associate  Pastor  West  End  Collegiate  Ch.,  N.  Y.  C, 
Sept.,  1900-Dec,  1901,  Six  Mile  Run,  Jan.,  1902 

Caton,  John  Coi.lings,  b.  Portland,  Eng.,  Feb.  25,  1872;  P.U.  95,  Yale 
Div.  Sch.  98;  lie.  by  Cong.  Assoc,  New  Haven,  97;  ord.  by  CI.  Scho- 
harie, 98;  Lawyersville,  98-1901,  Fonda,  1901 

Center,  Samuel,  b.  1794  at  Hoosick,  N.  Y. ;  Mid.  C.  1819,  N.B.S.  23,  1.  CI. 
N.B.,  Miss,  to  Johnsborough  and  Chester,  23,  Herkimer  and  German 
Flats,  24-6  (Morian  and  Northumberland  Presbyt.),  27-30,  teaching  in 
Class.  School,  Albany,  30-7,  in  Michigan  University,  37-40,  pastor  also 
at  Monroe,  Mich.,  37-40,  Agent  of  For.  Evang.  Soc,  40-1,  Prof,  in 
Albany  Academy,  41- . .,  in  Angelica  Academy,  and  Pastor  at  Angelica 
and  Macedon  Center,  18.. -1859;  d.     See  "Manual,"  1879. 

Chalker,  Isaac.     New  Paltz,  176.  .-176. . 

Chamberlain,  Jacob,  b.  Sharon,  Ct,  Ap.  18,  1835;  Western  Reserve  Coll. 
56,  N.B.S.  59,  lie.  and  ord.  by  CI.  N.  Y.,  May,  59;  voyage  to  India,  Dec, 
59-Ap.,  60,  Palmaner,  60-3,  Madanapalle,  63-7,  Madanapalle  and  Pal- 
maner,  67-73,  voyage  to  America,  Jan. -Sept.,  74,  in  America,  speaking 
on  Missions,  747,  voyage  to  India,  by  way  of  Japan  and  China,  July- 
Oct.,  78,  Madanapalle  and  Palmaner,  78-84,  voyage  to  America,  May- 
July,  84,  in  America,  84-87,  voyage  to  India,  Nov.-Dec,  87,  in  India, 
88-94,  in  America,  94-96,  voyage  to  India,  Nov.-Dec,  96.  M.D.  by 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  N.  Y.  C,  1859.  D.D.  by  R.C. 
Western  Reserve  and  Union  College,  all  in  1878.  LL.D.  by  H.  C,  1900; 
same  by  West.  Res.  Coll.,  1901. 

His  ancestry  goes  back  to  some  of  the  earliest  arrivals  in  the  Massachu- 
setts Bay  Colony.  Both  his  paternal  and  maternal  grandfathers  were  of- 
ficers in  the  Revolutionary  War.  Dr.  Chamberlain's  medical  training  was 
received  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York,  and  the 
Cleveland  Medical  College. 

In  1859  he  sailed  with  his  wife  to  join  the  Arcot  Mission,  India,  of  the 
Reformed  Church.  He  acquired  the  Tamil  language,  expecting  to  work 
among  the  Tamil  people,  but  Providence  led  to  his  transfer  to  a  Telugu 
district  as  its  first  missionary.  Acquiring  that  language,  he  has  spent  most 
of  his  life  working  among  the  Telugus,  with  headquarters  at  Madanapalle, 
150  miles  inland  from  Madras.  His  work  has  been  threefold,  evangelistic, 
medical,  and  literary.  For  a  quarter  of  a  century  his  evangelistic  field,  in 
which  he  was  the  only  missionary,  was  as  large  as  the  state  of  Connecticut, 
and  he  was  for  many  years  the  only  physician  in  the  same  area.  Before 
his  visit  home  in  1874  over  30,000  patients  had  had  his  personal  treatment. 
For  many  years  he  was  chairman  of  a  committee  of  all  the  missions  labor- 
ing in  the  Telugu  country  for  bringing  out  a  new  version  of  the  Bible  into 
the  Telugu  language,  which  is  spoken  by  18,000,000  people. 


364 


THE   MINISTRY. 


In  1863  with  four  native  assistants  he  made  a  1,200  mile  exploring, 
preaching,  and  Bible  distributing  tour,  lasting  more  than  four  months,  up 
through  the  Dominions  of  the  Nizan  of  Hyderbad,  till  then  unentered,  and 
on  to  the  country  of  the  Ghronds  and  Kios,  through  regions  never  before 
penetrated  by  a  missionary.  The  perils  and  adventures  he  then  met  have 
many  of  them  been  made  use  of  in  those  two  thrilling  stories  "In  the  Tiger 
Jungle,"  and  "The  Cobra's  Den." 

Dr.  Chamberlain  has  taken  four  furloughs,  each  one  because  of  broken 
health.  In  his  journey  home  in  1874  he  spent  four  months  in  explorations 
in  Egypt,  Sinai,  the  Wilderness,  and  Palestine.  On  his  return  to  India  in 
1878  he  spent  two  months  in  visiting  Japan  and  China,  studying  the  mis- 
sionary operations  in  those  lands.  In  1873  he  was  appointed  Chairman  of 
Committee  for  bringing  out  a  New  Translation  of  the  Old  Testament 
from  Hebrew  in  Telugu.  In  1879  he  was  made  Chairman  of  Committee 
for  Revising  the  Telugu  New  Testament.  In  1868  he  established  a  hos- 
pital at  Madanapalle,  and  another  in  1872  at  Palmaner.  In  1878  he  was 
elected  Vice-President  of  the  American  Tract  Society  for  India.  He  was 
directed  by  the  Synod  of  1886  to  confer  with  the  English  Presbyterian 
societies  on  the  subject  of  union  of  the  native  churches  in  India.  The  fifth 
Council  (December,  1889)  of  the  Presbyterian  Alliance  at  Calcutta  took 
measures  to  formulate  a  basis  of  union. 

Publications:  "Translations  of  Liturgy  of  Refd.  Ch.  in  Telugu," 
Madras,  1873;  2d  ed.,  1885.  "Hymns  for  Public  and  Social  Worship,  in 
Telugu,"  i2mo. ;  Chris.  Knowledge  Soc.  of  Pres.  of  Madras,  1884;  2d  ed., 
1886  (In  all  3,000  copies).  New  Testament:  Greek;  Mardas  Athanaeum, 
1869.  "The  Telugu  People  and  their  Language" :  A  paper  before  the 
American  Oriental  Society,  New  Haven,  1876.  "Tract  Work  in  India": 
Am.  Tract  Soc,  1876.  "The  Bible  Tested":  Am.  Bible  Soc,  1878;  4th  ed., 
1885  (In  all  21,000  copies).  "Winding  up  a  Horse;  or,  Christian  Giving," 
1879;  2d  ed.,  1879  (5,000  copies).  "Native  Churches  and  Foreign  Mis- 
sionary Societies":  Bangalore  Conference  Report,  Madras,  1879  (2,000 
copies).  "Break  Cocoanuts  Over  the  Wheels;  or,  All  Pull  for  Christ," 
1885  (2,000  copies).  "Union  and  Co-operation  Among  Native  Churches." 
"Co-operation  and  Organic  Unity  on  Mission  Fields."  "The  Religions  of 
the  Orient :  Their  Beauty  and  Their  Fatal  Defect."  "The  Lord's  War 
Waxes  Hot."  "In  the  Tiger  Jungle,  and  Other  Stories  of  Missionary 
Work."  "The  Cobra's  Den."  "India  for  Christ."  "Address  at  Ecumeni- 
cal Conference,"  New  York,  1899. 

Also  numerous  articles  in  the  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  "Mission 
Monthly,"  "Missionary  Herald,"  "N.  Y.  Tribune,"  "N.  Y.  Evening  Post," 
"Christian  Union,"  "Illustrated  Christian  Weekly,"  "Edinburgh  Mission 
Quarterly,"  "London  Church  Mission  Intelligencer,"  "Melbourn  Southern 
Cross,"  etc..  etc. 

Chamberlain,  Lewis  Birge,  b.  Vellore,  India,  Oct.  3,  1864;  R.C.  86,  N.B.S. 

91,  1.  CI.  N.  B.,  Missionary  at  Madanapalle,  India,  1891 

Publications:  Arts,  in  "Christian  Intelligencer"  and  "Mission  Field;" 
'Seshaya,"  "A  Story  of  India" — a  continued  story.     Articles  in  "Harvest 


THE   MINISTRY.  365 

Field,"  of  Mysore  City,  India:  "Christian  Endeavor  in  India;"  "The  Ma- 
danapalle  Convention  Case" — two  articles;  "Illegal  Marriages  Among 
Native  Christians;"  "The  Improvement  of  Christian  Instruction  in  Mission 
Schools" — two  articles;  "Chellayga" — a  character  sketch. 

Chamberlain,  William  Isaac,  b.  Madras,  India,  Oct.,  1862;  R.C.  82, 
N.B.S.  86,  lie.  by  CI.  N.  B.,  Missionary  at  Madanapalle,  India,  88-91, 

Chittoor,    91-4,    Vellore,    94 .     President    Arcot    Mission    College, 

1900 

Publications  :     "Education  in  India,"  1899. 

Chambers,  Talbot  Wilson,  b.  Carlisle,  Pa.,  Feb.  25,  1819;  D.C.  30-2,  R.C. 
32-4,  N.B.S.  34-5,  P.S.  36-7;  teaching,  37-9;  lie.  Presb.  Clinton,  Miss., 
38,  Raritan,  2d  (Somerville,  N.  J.),  39-49,  New  York,  Collegiate,  49- 
1896;  d.  Feb.  3.  Pres.  of  Gen.  Syn.,  1863.  Vedder  Lecturer,  1875. 
Trustee  R.C,  1868.  Trustee  of  Columbia  Coll.,  1881.  S.T.D.  by  C.C., 
1853.     LL.D.  by  R.C.,  1885. 

His  paternal  ancestors  were  Irish,  while  his  maternal  ancestors  were 
German.  In  his  boyhood  his  health  was  delicate,  yet  his  mental  precocity 
and  studious  habits  were  notable.  The  youngest  member  of  his  class  in 
college,  he  was  equal  to  others  in  all  branches  of  study ;  was  a  good  writer 
and  speaker,  being  particularly  noted  for  skill  in  debate.  He  was  char- 
acterized even  in  childhood  by  the  unusual  strength  of  his  religious  con- 
victions, and  the  deep  fervor  of  his  piety.  During  his  college  life  he  mani- 
fested equal  fidelity  in  his  attention  to  the  duties  of  religion  and  in  the  per- 
formance of  his  literary  work.  Before  assuming  a  pastoral  charge  he 
taught  in  private  families  for  two  years  in  the  South,  at  the  same  time 
prosecuting  his  literary  studies.  During  this  time  he  acquired  great  facility 
in  reading  Hebrew  and  Greek,  and  also  increased  his  acquaintance  with  the 
Latin,  Italian,  Spanish,  French,  and  English  classics.  At  Somerville  the 
church  prospered  under  his  ministry.  While  there  he  married  Louisa 
Mercer  Frelinghuysen  on  May  21,  1841. 

In  the  Collegiate  Church  in  New  York,  for  twenty-two  years  (1849-71), 
he  preached  in  rotation,  with  the  other  ministers,  in  the  different  church 
buildings  of  that  body ;  but  in  1871  he  was  assigned  by  the  Consistory  to 
special  duty  in  the  Middle  Church  in  Lafayette  place.  He  rendered  full 
ministerial  service  for  about  forty-three  years,  but  he  was  in  the  ministerial 
office  for  fifty-seven  years.  After  the  retirement  from  active  service  of 
Dr.  Thos.  E.  Vermilye  in  1869,  he  was  the  oldest  minister  of  that  church 
in  active  service,  and  after  the  death  of  Dr.  Vermilye  in  1893,  the  senior 
minister.  These  circumstances,  together  with  his  ability  as  a  preacher  and 
writer,  his  exceptional  familiarity  with  the  history  of  the  American  Dutch 
Church,  the  clearness  and  definiteness  of  his  opinions,  and  his  power  in 
debate,  gave  him  a  high  position  and  wide  influence. 

He  was  a  theologian  by  nature  and  training.  His  views  of  truth  were 
well  defined  and  strongly  conservative.  He  strenuously  opposed,  in  private 
and  public,  what  he  regarded  as  dangerous  departures  from  the  doctrinal 
systems  of  Geneva,  Dort,  and  Westminster.  For  more  than  an  ordinary 
generation  he  was  an  acknowledged  leader  in  the  counsels  of  the  denomina- 


366 


THE    MINISTRY. 


tion,  with  which  his  name  and  memory  are  identified.  In  its  Missionary 
Boards  and  its  Classical  and  Synodical  Assemblies  his  firmness,  his  good 
judgment,  his  readiness  in  discussion,  his  familiarity  with  ecclesiastical 
usages,  and  the  force  of  his  chaiacter,  gave  him,  generally,  an  influence  such 
as  hardly  any  other  minister  possessed  since  the  days  of  Dr.  Livingston. 
He  rendered  most  valuable  services  tc  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions,  hav- 
ing been  its  President  from  1888-96,  and  one  of  the  most  generous  con- 
tributors to  its  funds. 

But  he  was  pre-eminently  a  student.  He  read  constantly  and  widely, 
rising  early  that  he  might  have  a  quiet  hour  every  day  for  the  study  of  the 
Scriptures  in  the  original  languages.  For  twenty-five  years  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  a  Greek  club,  and  seldom  allowed  anything  to  interfere  with  his 
presence  at  its  meetings.  He  was  well  acquainted  with  general  history, 
especially  familiar  with  church  history,  and  minutely  conversant  with  the 
history  of  the  Reformed  Church,  both  in  Europe  and  America.  He  kept 
himself  abreast  of  the  current  discussion  of  all  important  religious  ques- 
tions. He  read  carefully  and  critically  the  most  significant  works,  often 
writing  notices  of  them  for  some  paper  or  review.  But  he  read  with  hardly 
less  avidity  whatever  came  to  hand — poetry,  fiction,  the  most  recent  plays — 
partly  for  mental  rest  and  refreshment,  and  partly  that  he  might  know 
what  other  people  were  reading.  He  contributed  numbers  of  articles  to  re- 
ligious journals  on  a  great  variety  of  subjects.  He  was  recognized  as  one 
of  the  ablest  and  most  uncompromising  champions  of  the  conservative  view 
of  the  origin  and  authority  of  the  Bible,  as  against  the  opinions  advanced 
by  many  of  the  representatives  of  the  higher  criticism.  His  studious  habits, 
his  wide  and  exact  learning,  and  his  rare  command  of  his  mental  resources 
enabled  him  from  time  to  time  to  pass  from  the  pulpit  to  the  temporary 
occupancy  of  a  Professor's  chair.  On  different  occasions  he  gave  instruc- 
tion in  New  Testament  exegesis  in  Union  Theological  Seminary,  in  the 
seminaries  at  Hartford,  Princeton,  Allegheny,  and  Lane,  as  well  as  at  New 
Brunswick.  The  extent  and  variety  of  his  publications  may  be  seen  at  the 
close  of  this  article. 

The  work,  however,  outside  of  his  pulpit  and  pastoral  labors,  in  which 
he  took  the  deepest  interest,  was  that  which  he  performed  as  one  of  the 
American  Company  of  Revision  of  the  English  Bible,  and  which  extended 
over  a  period  of  ten  years.  He  was  the  only  pastor  in  the  Old  Testament 
Company,  and  was  one  of  its  most  faithful  and  highly  esteemed  members. 
At  a  later  date  he  was  no  less  prominently  connected  with  the  Alliance  of 
Reformed  Churches,  holding  the  Presbyterian  system.  He  was,  together 
with  Dr.  Philip  Schaff  and  Dr.  James  McCosh,  active  in  its  organization, 
became  Chairman  of  the  Western  Section  in  1884,  and  was  elected  Presi- 
dent of  the  Alliance  in  1892.  It  was  his  expectation,  if  his  life  had  been 
spared,  to  preside  at  its  sixth  General  Council,  which  was  to  be  held  at 
Glasgow  in  June,  1896.  and  to  deliver  the  usual  presidential  address,  but  he 
died  a  few  months  before  this  meeting. 

See  notice  of  his  death,  in  "Collegiate  Ch.  Year-Book,"  1896,  279.  "Ac- 
count of  Memorial  Window  in  Middle  Ch.,"  in  "Year-Book,"  1897.  468. 
Sketch  of  his  life,  from  which  the  above  is  largely  taken,  "Year-Book," 


THE   MINISTRY.  367 

1899,  817.  See  also  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1896,  496.  "Biog.  Notices  of 
Grads.  of  Rutgers  College,"  1896,  3,  4.  "Rev.  Dr.  E.  B.  Coe's  Commemora- 
tive Discourse,"  1896,  with  an  Appendix  containing  many  tributes  to  his 
character.  Rev.  Dr.  J.  P.  Searle's  art.  in  "Presbyt.  and  Refd.  Review," 
1896;  printed  also  separately. 

Publications  :  Many  editorials,  etc.,  in  local  papers,  Somerville,  1839-49. 
"Remarks  on  Social  Prayer":  Being  the  address  of  the  Classis  of  New 
Brunswick  to  the  churches  under  their  care,  1845.  "Importance  of  City 
Missions":  A  ser.  before  City  Miss.  Soc,  1850.  "The  Happiness  of  the 
Pious" :  Ser.  "Nat.  Preacher,"  1852.  "Duty  Due  to  Deed.  Pastors" :  Ser. 
on  death  of  Rev.  George  Schenck,  1852.  ."Gunn's  Life  of  Dr.  J.  H.  Living- 
ston," new  ed.,  with  new  matter,  1856.  "The  Gospel  the  Only  True  Re- 
former": Introduct.  to  "Brainard's  Remarks  on  the  Work  of  Grace  Among 
the  Indians,"  1856.  "Report  to  Gen.  Syn.  on  Separation  of  Dutch  Church 
from  Am.  Board,"  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1857,  227-236.  "Memorial  of  Rev. 
Dr.  John  Knox,"  1858.  "Remarks  on  Death  of  Dr.  Knox,"  1858.  "The 
Noon  Prayer  Meeting,  Fulton  st.,  N.  Y. :  Its  Origin,  Character,  Progress," 
1858  (Reviewed,  "Princeton  Rev.,  xxxi,  157).  Translation,  from  the 
Dutch,  of  "Minutes  of  the  Ccetus,"  1738,  1747-54;  and  of  the  "Conferentie," 
^■75S'l7^7-  Ln  Vol.  I,  pages  vii — exxxii,  of  "Mints,  of  Gen.  Synod,"  1859 
(not  complete). 

"Memoir  of  Hon.  Theodore  Frelinghuysen,  LL.D.,"  1863.  "Economy,  a 
Christian  Duty":  Ser.  "Nat.  Preacher,"  1865.  "Defence  of  the  Old  and 
Rightful  Name  of  Refd.  Prot.  Dutch  Ch.,"  in  "Christian  Intel!.,"  July  18. 
1867;  also  published  separately,  1867.  "Objections  to  Sunday-schools;" 
"N.  Y.  S.S.  Institute."  1868.  "Discourse  at  Centennial  Anniversary  of 
North  Dutch  Ch.,"  Fulton  St.,  N.  Y.  C.  1869.  Article  in  "Sprague's  An- 
nals" on  Rev.  George  Schenck,  vol.  ix,  1869.  "True  Religious  Liberty;  or, 
The  Ch.  Independent  of  the  State":  Ser.  before  CI.  N.  Y..  1869  (In  "Ch. 
Int.,"  Nov.  4.  1869).  Translation  of  Dutch  Minutes  of  Collegiate  Ch.,  1639- 
1775  :  In  2  MSS.  vols.,  1869-70. 

Letter  on  Madison  Av.  Refd.  Ch.,  1870.  Exercises  at  Dedication  of 
same,  1871.  "Reminiscences  of  Rev.  Dr.  Alex.  McClelland":  A  series  of 
14  arts,  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  1872.  "The  Writings  of  Solomon,"  1873  (In  "Fam- 
ily Treasury").  "Exposition  of  International  S.S.  Lessons"  for  1873,  in 
"Ch.  Int."  Art.  on  "John  Knox,  the  Reformer,"  in  "McClintock  and 
Strong's  Cyc,"  1873.  "Original  Exposition  of  Zechariah,"  for  "Lange's 
Commentary,"  1874.  Translation  and  Enlargement  of  "Schmoller's  Expo- 
sition of  Amos,"  in  "Lange's  Commentary,"  1874.  "Recalling  the  Past": 
Ser.  at  20th  anniversary  of  Ch.  cor.  5th  av.  and  29th  St.,  1874.  "The  Guile- 
less Israelite":  Ser.  in  commemoration  of  Rev.  Dr.  Thos.  De  Witt,  1874. 
"A  Jeu  d'Esprit,  X.  A.,"  Dec.  25,  1874.  28  arts,  on  "Palestine  and  the  East," 
in  "Ch.  Int.,"  Feb.,  1874-Nov.  5.  "Greek  Examination  Papers":  Inter- 
collegiate Assoc,  (with  W.  R.  Dimmock  and  Charlton  T.  Lewis),  Dec.  1, 
187S. 

"The  Influence  of  the  Refd.  Ch.  in  Preserving  Soundness  of  Faith,"  in 
"Centennial  Discourses,"  1876.  "The  Psalter  a  Witness  to  the  Divine 
Origin  of  the  Bible" :   Vedder  Lecture,    1876.     Translation   of  ordination 


368  THE    MINISTRY. 

papers,  and  letters  connected  therewith,  of  John  Philip  Boehm,  of  Pa.,  in 
"Mercersberg  Rev.."  1876.  Art.  on  John  Romeyn  Brodhead,  the  Historian 
of  N.  Y.,  in  "Scribner's  Monthly,"  1877.  "Is  Man  Depraved?"  Discussion 
with  O.  B.  Frothingham  (Unitarian),  in  "N.  Am.  Review,"  1878.  "A  New 
Version  of  the  Heidelberg  Catechism;"  made  in  connection  with  Rev.  Drs. 
C.  D.  Hartranft.  W.  H.  Campbell,  and  Win.  R.  Duryee,  1878;  in  "Mints. 
of  Gen.  Syn.,"  1878,  187-224;  pubd.  also  separately.  "The  Bible  an  English 
Classic" :  From  "Anglo-American  Bible  Revision,"  by  members  of  Revis. 
Com.,  1879.  (Printed  for  private  circulation.)  "Review  of  a  Generation": 
Discourse  on  30th  anniversary  of  his  settlement  in  New  York,  1879.  "The 
Truly  Good  Man":  Memorial  of  Rev.  Dr.  M.  S.  Hutton,  1880.  "The 
Bible  for  Learners,"  in  "Evening  Post  Essays,"  1880.  "Theory  of  Prof. 
Kuenen,  in  "Presbyt.  Review,"  1880.  "The  Coming  of  the  Lord,"  in 
"Refd.  Quarterly,"  1880.  "The  States  Bible  of  Holland":  A  Hist,  of  Dutch 
Translations,  "Refd.  Quartet  ly,"  1880.  "Descriptive  Letter  Press  of  the 
Dore  Bible  Gallery,"  1880. 

Arts,  on  "Revision":  "Will  Revision  Succeed?"  in  "S.S.  Times,"  18S1. 
"Shall  There  be  Revision  (of  Eng.  Translation)  ?"  "Independent,"  June, 
1881.  "The  Plan  of  Revision,"  "Presb.  Rev.,"  1881.  "Exposition  of  S.S. 
Lessons,"  July,  1880-Dec,  1881.  "The  Van  Bunschoten  Bequest,"  "Cath- 
olic Presbyterian,"  1881.  "The  Scope  of  the  Apocalypse,"  "Refd.  Quar- 
terly," 1881.     The  "Everlasting  Father,"  of  Is.  9:6,  "Journal  of  Philology," 

1881.  "The  Cloud  of  Witnesses":  Editorial  note  in  "Presbyt.  Rev.,"  July, 

1882.  "S.  S.  Reminiscences,"  Dec,  1882.  "The  World-wide  Pure  Offer- 
ing": Editorial  note  in  "Presbyt.  Rev.,"  Jan.,  1883.  Introduction  and  Ap- 
pendices to  "Godet  on  Romans,"  1883.  "The  Spirits  in  Prison":  Editorial 
note,  "Presbyt.  Rev.,"  Ap.,  1883.  "The  Literary  Character  of  Amos :  Old 
Testament  Student,"  1883.  "Misquoted  Texts,  in  Nos.  i-xix  of  "Homiletic 
Rev."  Essays  on  "Composition  of  Genesis,"  in  "Pulpit  Treasury,"  1883. 
"The  Three  Christian  Graces,"  in  "Journal  of  Ch.  Philosophy,"  1884. 
"Foreordination  and  Fatalism,"  in  "Refd.  Quarterly,"  1884.  "Biblical 
Criticism:  Its  Proper  Functions,"  paper  read  at  third  Gen.  Council  of  Al- 
liance of  Refd.  Chs.,  Belfast,  1884;  In  Report,  p.  67;  also  pubd.  in  "Chris- 
tian at  Work,"  July  5,  1884.  "Discussions  at  Third  Gen.  Council  of  Al- 
liance of  Refd.  Chs.  Report,"  pp.  39  and  141,  1884.  Notice  of  Rev.  Dr. 
Alex.  McClelland,  in  "Centennial  Mem.  of  Theolog.  Sem.  at  New  Bruns- 
wick," 1884.  "Preface  and  Supplementary  Notes  of  Am.  Edition  of 
Meyer's  Commentary  on  1  Cor.  and  2.  Corinthians,"  1884.  "Clay's  Defeat 
in  1844,"  in  "Unionist-Gazette,"  Dec,  1884.  "Paul,  the  Chief  of  Sinners," 
"Horn.  Rev.."  July,  1885.  "The  Belgic  Confession,"  "Presbyt.  Rev.,"  Jan., 
1885.  "A  Symposium  on  Romans,"  "Horn.  Rev.,"  Feb.,  1885.  "The  Doc- 
trine of  Expediency,"  "Horn.  Rev.,"  Ap.,  1885.  "A  Critical  Glance  at  the 
Completed  Work  of  Revisions,"  "N.  Y.  Times,"  May  21,  1885.  "The 
Major  Prophets  in  the  Revision,"  "S.S.  Times,"  May  23.  1885.  "Reply 
to  Dr.  Briggs  on  Revision,"  "Bibliotheca  Sacra.,"  Oct..  1885. 

"Sun  Images,  and  the  Sun  of  Righteousness,"  in  "Old  Testament  Stu- 
dent," Jan.,  1886;  also  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  Mar.  10,  17,  1885.  "A  Companion  to 
the  Revised  Old  Testament,"  1885. 


THE  MINISTRY.  369 

"The  First  Latin  Apologist  for  Christianity,"  "Refd.  Quarterly,"  Ap., 
1886.  "Modern  Criticism/'  "Horn.  Rev.,"  May,  1886.  "Prohibition," 
"Horn.  Rev.,"  Sept.,  1886.  "Saved  versus  Being  Saved,"  in  "Journal  of 
Soc  of  Bib.  Lit.  and  Exegesis,"  June,  1886.  "The  Divisions  of  the  Deca- 
logue," in  "Old  Testament  Student,"  Sept.,  1886.  "The  Sanction  of  the 
Decalogue,"  "Bibliotheca  Sacra.,"  Oct.,  1886.  "Children  of  Wrath"  and 
"The  Lord  is  at  Hand,"  "Journal  of  Soc.  Bib.  Lit.  and  Exegesis,"  Dec, 
1886.  "The  Sunday  Newspaper,"  "Horn.  Rev.,"  Jan.,  1887.  Use  of  "The 
Fathers,"  Christ.  Intell.,"  Feb.  16  and  Ap.  20,  1887.  "The  Classification  of 
the  Parables,"  "Presbyt.  Rev.,"  Jan.,  1887.  "The  Perfection  of  the  Deca- 
logue," "Old  Testament  Student,"  May,  1887.  Address  on  the  "Liturgy," 
"Collegiate  Ch.  Year-Book,"  1887,  pp.  88-96.  "Remarks  on  Dr.  J.  H.  Liv- 
ingston," "Yr.-Book,"  1887,  pp.  83-87.  "Fifty  Years  of  Church  Life":  Hist. 
Discourse  in  view  of  Removal  of  Middle  Dutch  Church,  of  Lafayette  place, 
N.  Y.  C,  1887.  "Biblical  Doctrine  of  Divine  Judgment,"  "Presbyt.  Rev.," 
July,  1887.  "The  Prayers  of  a  Generation":  Discourse  at  30th  anniversary 
of  the  Fulton  st.  Prayer  Meeting,  1887.  "The  Canon  of  Scripture,"  1887. 
One  of  the  editors  of  "Essays  on  Pentateuchical  Criticism."  12  numbers, 
1887-8.  "Remarks  at  Conference  of  Prot.  Missions  at  London,"  June,  1888, 
"Report  of  Proceedings,"  vol.  i,  267;  vol.  ii,  455.  "Historical  Sketch  of 
Pentateuchical  Criticism";  Introduction  to  "Moses  and  His  Recent  Critics," 
1889.  "Consilia  Evanglica,"  "Presbyt.  Rev.,"  Ap.,  1889.  "Studies  in  the 
Psalter,"  "Horn.  Rev.,"  Jan.,  1889-Dec,  1891 ;  also  Oct.,  1895,  and  Jan., 
1896.  "Fifty  Years  Ago":  Anniversary  of  Settlement  in  Somerville,  in 
"Unionist-Gazette,"  Oct.  14,  21,  1889.  "Homilies  of  Chrysostom  on  1  and  2 
Corinthians,"  in  "Post-Nicene  Fathers,"  vol.  xii.  First  Series;  Revised, 
with  additional  notes,  1889.  "Symbolism  of  Baptism,"  "Presbyt.  Rev.," 
Jan.,  1890.  "Substitutes  for  the  Fourth  Commandment,"  "Presbyt.  and 
Refd.  Rev.,"  July,  1890.  "Book  of  Jonah:  Fact  or  Fiction?"  "Mag.  of 
Chris.  Lit.,"  Aug.  1890.  "The  Only  Path  of  Safety":  A  tract,  "New  York 
Observer,"  Nov.,  1890.  "An  American  Persis  the  Beloved,"  "Miss.  Rev.," 
Dec,  1850. 

"The  Preface  to  the  Decalogue,"  "Presbyt.  and  Refd.  Rev.,"  Jan.,  1891. 
"The  Origin  of  a  Frightful  Idea":  A  tract,  "N.  Y.  Observer,"  Feb.,  1891. 
"The  Hosanna  of  the  Children":  A  tract,  1891.  "What  was  Done  and 
Why":  Ser.  before  Am.  Bible  Soc,  1891.  "The  Inaugural  of  Prof.  Briggs," 
"Presbyt.  and  Refd.  Rev.,"  July,  1891.  "Errancies  of  Scripture":  14  arts, 
in  "Ch.  Int.,"  July-Sept.,  1891.     "Worship":  A  tract,  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  Aug., 

1891.  "Christ's  Single  Exception  to  the  Mosaic  Law,"  in  "Independent," 
Oct.  29,  1891.  "Satan  in  the  Old  Testament."  "Presbyt.  and  Refd.  Rev.," 
Jan.,  1892.     "The  Inspiration  of  the  Scriptures,"  "Refd.  Quarterly,"  Oct., 

1892.  "Baptized  for  the  Dead":  Editorial  note,  "Presby.  and  Refd.  Rev.," 
July,  1893.  Report  on  the  "Uses  of  Presbyt.  History,"  in  Report  of  Ex- 
ecutive Com.  of  Presb.  Hist.  Soc,  1893.  "Holland  and  Religious  Free- 
dom": Am.  Soc  of  Ch.  Hist.  Papers.  1893.  "Our  German  Forefathers": 
Address  at  Centennial  of  German  Valley.  N.  J.,  1893.  "Dr.  Philip  Schaff 
as  Bible  Student  and  Reviser":  Schaff  Memorial  Meeting  of  Am.  Soc.  of 
Ch.  Hist,  Dec  27,   1893.     "The  Function  of  the  Prophet,  "Presbyt.  and 


370  THE   MINISTRY. 

Refd.  Rev.,"  Jan.,  1894.  "The  Nature  of  the.  Psalter,"  and  "The  Authority 
and  Uses  of  the  Psalms":  From  "Anti-Higher  Criticism,"  edited  by  Mun- 
hall,  Jan.,  1894.  "The  One  Lawgiver":  Editorial  note,  "Presbyt.  and 
Refd.  Rev.,"  July.  1894.  "Heathen  Testimony  to  the  Accuracy  of  St. 
Paul":  A  tract,  "N.  Y.  Observer,"  Dec.  13,  1894.  "A  Syllabus  of  Themes 
Touching  the  Law'" :  A  Synopsis  of  Twenty  Lectures  at  Lane  Seminary, 
Cincinnati,  O.,  Oct.,  1894.  "The  Unwritten  Law  of  God" :  Editorial  note, 
"Presbyt.  and  Refd.  Rev.,"  Jan.,  1895.  "Private  Interpretation":  "Refd. 
Quarterly,"  Ap.,  1895.  "The  Messianic  Idea  in  the  Prophets,"  "Presb.  and 
Refd.  Rev.,"  Ap.,  1895.  "Biographical  Sketches  of  Ministers  of  the  Col- 
legiate Ch.,  N.  Y.  C.  from  1699- 1825,"  in  "Year-Books,"  1882-95.  An  In- 
troduction to  the  New  Testament  for  a  new  "Teachers'  Bible,"  1896. 

In  addition  to  the  foregoing  he  was  one  of  the  editors  of  "Centennial 
Discourses  of  Refd.  Ch.  in  America,"  1876;  2d  ed.,  1877.  Associate  Editor 
of  "Concise  Dictionary  of  Religious  Knowledge,"  writing  all  the  Biblical 
and  Theological  articles  therein,  1891.  He  also  wrote  a  very  large  number 
of  Book  Reviews  for  the  "Presbyt.  and  Reformed  Review";  for  the  "Chris- 
tian Intelligencer,"  and  for  the  "New  York  Observer."  He  was  also  a 
contributor,  more  or  less  anonymous,  to  each  of  these  papers  for  more  than 
forty  years. 

Chambers,  Theodore  Frelinghuysen  (s.  of  T.  W.  Chambers),  b.  Raritan, 
N.  J.,  May  14,  1849;  C.C.N. Y.  68,  U.S.  71,  lie.  Presb.  N.Y.  71;  teach- 
ing, 71-2,  ord.  CI.  Passaic,  Oct.  23,  72;  Ponds,  N.  J.,  72-6  (Clove,  Deck- 
ertown,  N.  J.,  76-83:  Sparta,  N.  J.,  84-7;  German  Valley,  N.  J.,  87-98; 

supplying  Mine  Hill,  Dover,  N.  J.,  1898 r) 

Publications:     "Sparta  Centennial."     "Early  Germans  of  N.  J.,"  1895. 

"Life  of  Edmund  D.  Halsey." 

Chapin,  Charles  Brooks  (son  of  Rev.  Dr.  Henry  B.  Chapin),  b.  N.  Y.  C. 
May  20,  1855;  C.N.J.  76,  U.T.S.  77-80,  lie.  by  N.  Y.  Presbyt.  80;  ord. 
by  Presb.  Jersey  City,  81  (Norwood,  N.  J.,  81-2,  Freeport,  L.  I.,  83-7), 
Centennial  Chapel.  Brooklyn.  1st,  88-9  (Schenectady,  1890-2),  Hamil- 
ton Grange,  N.  Y.  C,  1893 .    D.D.  by  U.N.Y,  1895. 

Publications  :     Contributions  to  the  Religious  Press. 

Chapman.  John  Liddel,  b.  Ash  Grove,  near  Clones,  Ireland,  Feb.  27,  1812; 
U.T.S.  38-41;  resident  lie.  41-2:  ord..  by  CI.  Bergen,  Nov.  16,  92; 
Clintonville  (Irvington),  N.  J.,  92-9,  Prin.  of  Chapman  Home  Insti- 
tute, Irvington.  49-61  (S.S.  Irving,  Kan.,  64-8,  Troy,  Kan.,  69-71,  Prof. 
Bib.  Theology,  Lay  College  of  T.  De.  Witt  Taimage's  Tabernacle 
Church,  Brooklyn,  1872-9;  w.  c.  1879-91 ;  d,  July  27. 
He  was  a  remarkable  scholar  and  teacher,  and  published  a  number  of 

school  books. 

Chapman,  J.  Wilbur,  b.  Richmond,  Ind.,  June  17,  1859;  Lake  Forest  Univ., 
79,  Lane  Sem.,  82.  lie.  Whitewater  Presb.  Ind.,  82;  Schuylerville,  N.  Y., 
83-5,  Albany,  1st.  85-90  (Bethany  Presbyt.  Ch.,  Philadelphia,  90-2,  en- 
gaged in  Evangelistic  work.  92-6,  Bethany,  again,  96-9,  4th  Presb.  Ch., 
N.  Y.  C,  1899 .)     See  "Johnson's  Sketch  of  Ch.  of  Albany,"  p.  40. 


THE   MINISTRY.  371 

Chapman,  Nathan  R,  b.  West  Brook,  Ct,  Aug.  17,  1811;  R.C.  44,  N.B.S. 
47,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Miss,  at  Keyport,  47-9,  Canajoharie,  49-53,  Plaltekill, 
53-64,  Caatshan,  64-74  (S.S.  Mt.  Paran,  Md.,  74-81 ;  died  1893,  Feb.  27. 
See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1893,  893.  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads  of  R.C," 
1893,  17. 

Cheff,  Peter  Paul,  b.  Doetinchem,  Neths. ;  N.B.S.  1901 ;  Lawton,  Okla- 
homa, 1 90 1 

Chellam,  Shadrach  (Hindoo),  Arcot  Sem.,  1892;  Evangelistic  work  in 
India,  1892 

Chester,  Chs.  II.,  b.  1816;  Schuylerville,  N.  Y.,  1844-9.  Died  1878.  For 
other  details  see  "Manual"  of  1879. 

Chickering,  Edward  O.,  b.  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  9,   1866;  R.C.  1891, 

N.B.S.  1894,  lie.  by  CI Raritan,  111.,  1894-7,  Schagticoke,  N.  Y., 

four  months,  1897-8;  d.  Mar.  12.  See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1898,  p.  242. 
"Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,"  1898,  27. 

Chitara,  Ludwig,  once  an  Augustine  monk,  c.  to  America,  1785,  studied 
under  Hendel  and  Weyberg,  1.  about  1787;  Knowlton  and  Hardwick, 
N.  J.,  1787-92;  d.     "Harbaugh's  Lives,"  ii,  404. 

ChhoaThian-Khit,  studied  under  the  missionaries  at  Amoy,  China;  lie.  by 
the  Taihoe  (of  Classis)  of  Amoy,  in  spring  of  1871 ;  ord.  Dec.  21,  1871 ; 
Amoy,  1st,  71 

Chittenden,  Alanson  B.,  b.  at  Durham,  N.  Y.,  1797;  U.C  1824,  Aub.  Sem. 
28?  Miss,  to  Montgomery  Co..  N.  Y.,  27-8,  Glen  and  Miss,  at  Charles- 
town,  31-4,  Amity,  34-9,  Westerlo,  39-40,  Sharon,  41-5;  d.  1853. 

Chrestensen,  D.  H.     Irvington,  1895-96,  Blooming  Grove,   1897 

Christie,  James,  studied  under  Mason,  1815;  1.  1815;  Union  Village,  1816- 
18.  Assoc.  Ref. 

Christie,  John  I.,  b.  at  Schraalenberg,  1781 ;  C.C.  1799,  studied  under 
Froeligh,  1.  CI.  Bergen,  1802  (Amsterdam  and  Galway,  Presbyt.,  1803- 
12);  Warwick,  12-35;  d.  1845.  See  "Manual"  of  1879;  also  "Ch. 
Int.,"  Ap.  23.  1845. 

Church,  John  Bbownson,  R.C.  1867,  N.B.S.  70;  lie.  CI.  Rensselaer;  Tagh- 
kanic,  1870-7,  Rochester,  1877-92,  Riverside,  Paterson,  1892 

Clancy,  John,  Florida,  1835-60,  Presbyt. 

Clapp,  Ernest,  b.  Newton,  N.  C,  Dec.  11,  1867;  Ursinus  Col.,  89,  U.T.S. 
89-90,  Urs.T.S.  90-1  (ord.  by  Ger  Refd.  CI.  of  Philadelphia;  Royers- 
ford,  Pa.,  1891-2)  ;  Hopewell,  N.  Y.,  1892 

Clark,  John  Lewis,  b.  Decatur,  III,  Aug.  27,  1865;  Lin.U.  91,  U.T.S.  94 
(ord.  by  Presbyt.  Mackinaw,  Sept.  27,  1890;  Chapel  Miss.  Presbyt, 
Brooklyn,  1892-5)  ;  Assist.  Pastor  Colleg.  Ch.,  N.  Y.  C,  1895-7  (Chi- 
cago, Cumb.  Presb.,  1898-1901),  w.  c. 

Clark,  Rob.  C.  N.B.S.  1838,  1.  CI.  of  Philadelphia;  license  afterward  with- 
drawn, at  his  own  request,  1844. 

Clark.  Rufus  W.,  b.  in  Newburyport,  Mass.,  Dec.  17,  1813 ;  Y.  C  38,  New 
Haven  and  And.  Sems.,  41,  lie.  Presbyt.  Newburyport,  1840  (Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  Presbyt.,  41-2,  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  Cong.,  42-51,  Maver- 


372  THE   MINISTRY. 

ick,  Ch.,  East  Boston,   Cong.,  51-6,  Brooklyn,  Cong.,  57-62;,  Albany, 
1st,  1862-82;  d.  Aug.,  18S5.     D.D.  by 

Few  men  ever  preached  in  Albany  in  the  possession  of  more  friends  in 
all  churches  and  sects,  among  rich  or  poor,  than  Dr.  Clark.  He  was  a 
faithful  pastor,  a  genial,  kindly,  loving  friend;  he  wore  the  sunshine  of  the 
Gospel  in  his  face.     As  a  preacher,  he  preached  the  doctrines  of  the  cross. 

His  pen  was  also  busily  employed  in  setting  forth  the  truth  as  it  is  in 
Jesus,  in  the  exposition  of  God's  Word  for  the  sake  of  the  young,  and  the 
presentation  of  varied  topics  to  uplift  the  race,  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1887, 
431.  See  "Sketch  in  Christian  at  Work,"  Aug.  31,  1876.  "Johnson's  Hist 
Sketch  of  Ch.  of  Albany,"  1899,  p.  38. 

Bibliography — Volumes :  "Lectures  to  Young  Men,"  Washington,  D.  C, 
1842,  pp.  165.  "Memoir  of  Rev.  John  E.  Emerson,"  1851,  pp.  406.  The 
same,  abridged  for  American  Tract  Society,  1852,  pp.  272.  "Heaven  and 
Its  Scriptural  Emblems" — Illustrated,  1853,  PP-  269.  "Lectures  to  Young 
Men,"  Boston,  1853,  pp.  380.  "Life  Scenes  of  the  Messiah,"  Boston,  1854, 
PP-  330.  "Romanism  in  America,"  Boston,  1854,  pp.  271.  "The  African 
Slave  Trade,"  American  Tract  Society,  i860,  pp.  102.  "Heroes  of  Albany, 
who  Fell  in  Defense  of  our  Nation — 1861-65,"  Albany,  1867,  pp.  870. 
"The  Bible  and  the  School  Fund,"  Boston,  1870,  pp.  127.  "The  Work  of 
God  in  Great  Britain  under  Messrs.  Moody  and  Sankey,"  1873-75;  with 
Biographical  Sketches,  New  York,  pp.  371.  Republished  in  London,  pp. 
312.  Second  American  edition  has  "Discourses  of  Mr.  Moody"  added. 
"Notes  on  the  S.  S.  Internat.  Lessons  for  1876." 

Question-books  for  Sunday-schools  published  by  the  Massachusetts  Sun- 
day-school Society,  as  follows:  "On  the  Doctrines  of  Christianity,"  1856, 
pp.  122.  "The  Life  and  Teachings  of  Christ,"  1862,  pp.  150.  "The  Heroes 
of  the  Bible,"  four  volumes,  graduated  to  all  ages  of  pupils,  1864.  "The 
Great  Truths  of  the  Bible,"  three  volumes,  1866.  "The  Great  Duties 
Taught  in  the  Bible,"  three  volumes,  1868.  Also,  "Questions  on  the  Book 
of  Isaiah." 

Pamphlets:  "Popery  and  the  United  States,"  1847.  "Conscience  and 
Law,"  1851.  "Elements  of  a  Vigorous  and  Useful  Character,"  1848. 
"Essays  on  John  Foster  and  his  Writings,"  1848.  "Disc,  at  Ord.  cf  Rev.  John 
E.  Emerson  at  Newburyport,"  1850.  "Dedicatory  Ser.  at  Barnstable,"  1851. 
Address  before  Am.  Peace  Sec,  1851.  "The  Atlantic  Telegraph."  1858. 
"Intemperance,  the  Great  Evil  of  N.  Y.  and  Brooklyn,"  i860.  Disc,  before 
Foreign  Miss.  Soc,  1859.  "Christian  Conversation"  (in  "N.  Y.  Pulpit"), 
1858.  "Unity  of  Am.  Nationality,"  1863.  "Christian  Friendship."  1864. 
"Sources  of  Min.  Success  (in  "Nat.  Preacher"),  1864.  "The  Bible  the 
Source  of  True  Civilization,"  Am.  Tract  Soc,  1867.  "Life  and  Char,  of 
Hon.  Stephen  Van  Rensselaer,"  1S68.  "Religion  in  the  State  and  School," 
"Am.  and  For.  Ch.  Union,"  1870.  "Review  of  Prof.  Stuart's  Pamphlet  on 
Slavery,"  1850.  "A  System  of  Theology  in  Verse."  "Ch.  Int.."  June  28, 
July  6,  13,  1876.  "Sketches  of  Revs.  Wheelwright  and  Langdon,  in 
"Sprague's  Annals."  "Relations  of  Religion  to  Civil  Liberty"  (in  "Cen- 
tennial Discourses,"  1876). 


THE   MINISTRY. 


373 


Besides  these  volumes,  pamphlets,  and  a  few  special  discourses  above 
mentioned,  Dr.  Clark's  discourses  and  articles  as  printed  in  the  periodicals 
of  the  day  are  exceedingly  numerous.  For  a  large  list  of  them  see  "Chris- 
tian Intelligencer,"  Nov.  23,  Dec.  7,  Dec.  14,  1876. 

Clark,  Wm.  Hendee,  b.  at  Hudson,  Ohio,  Ap.  11,  1837;  W.R.C.  59,  U.S.  63, 
lie.  by  Presb.  Brooklyn ;  ord.  by  Presb.  of  Columbia,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  6,  1864 
(Spencertown,  N.  Y.  (Presbyt),  1863-5);  Chapel  of  Colleg.  Ch., 
N.  Y.  C,  cor.  29th  st.  and  Seventh  av.,  65-9,  Chapel  of  Colleg.  Ch., 
cor.  54th  st.  and  Seventh  av.,  69-72,  Paterson  (Broadway),  72-81, 
Nyack,  N.  Y.,  81-6,  Philadelphia,  2d,  86-91  (Bay  City,  Mich.  (Presb.)' 

91-6,  Detroit,  Mich.  (Immanuel  Ch.),  96 D.D.  by  Adelbert  Coll,  of 

Western  Reserve  Univ.  0.,  1884. 

Clark,  William  Walton   (son  of  Rufus  W.  Clark),  b.  at  Portsmouth, 
N.  H.,  May  8,  1846;  Wms.  Coll.  66,  U.T.S.  77,  lie.  by  the  Congrega- 
tionalists  (Painsville,  O.  (Cong.),  77-9),  Brighton  Heights,  S.  I.,  80-7, 
engaged  in  Evangelistic  work,  87-97,  Field  Sec.  of  Bd.  Dom    Miss 
1898 

Publications  :   Many  contributions  to  the  "Ch.  Int." 
Clearwater,  Chs.  Knapp,  b.  N.  Y.  C,  July  23,  1856;  C.C.N. Y.  76,  U.S.  79, 
lie.  Presbyt.  N.  Y.;  Mt.  Vernon.  N.  Y.,  79-94,  Newtown,  1st,  1894- — - 
See  "American  Ancestry,"  vol.  hi. 

Publications:  "Faith  in  God  versus  Faith  in  Prayer":  On  Death  of 
Pres.  Garfield.  "The  Influence  of  Popular  Infidelity":  A  Lecture  on  Self- 
control.  "The  Duties  of  Church  Members."  "True  Ministers  of  Christ" 
"Elements  of  Thanksgiving."  "The  Death  of  the  Righteous":  Funeral 
Sermon  for  Elder  John  Van  Santvoord.  "The  Heroic  Grasp."  "True 
Patriotism."  "The  Passing  of  Old  Newtown":  When  Newtown  became  a 
part  of  New  York  City.  "Medicine  for  Moods."  "A  Tragedy  in  Bar- 
gains."   "Having  a  Base  Line."    Contributions  to  "Ch.  Int." 

Cleghorn.  Elisha  B.,  b.  in  Missouri;  P.S.  1850  entered  R.D.C.,  w.  c.  1868-74. 

For  details  see  "Manual,"  1879;  P.S.  Gen.  Catalogue. 
Cleveland,  Geo.  H,  b.  in  N.  Y.,  1851 ;  R.C.  73,  N.B.S.  76;  lie.  CI.  N.B.; 

Clinton  Station,  1877-81    (Presbyt,  1883). 
Clifton,  Samuel  Tilden,  b.  Easton,  Pa.,  Ap.  30,  1874;  Lafayette  Coll.  94, 

U.T.S.  98,  1.  CI.  Orange;  Wurtsboro,  97-1900,  Coxsackie,  2d,  1900 

Also  Prof.  Greek  and  Latin  at  Chambersburg,  Pa.,  Academy,  1894-93, 

Post-Grad.  student  at  Lafayette  and  Columbia,  1896-99.    Ph.D.  1899. 
Clist,  Chs.  Lawrence,  b.  Port  Richmond,  N.  Y. ;  R.C,  N.B.S.  1889,  1.  CI. 

N.B. ;   Montville,  89-91,   Jersey  City,   Free  Refd.,  91-5,   Marbletown, 

N.  Y.,  1901 

Close,  John,  b.  at  Greenwich,  Ct,  1737;  C.N.J.  1763,  1.  Presbyt  of  Dutchess 

Co.,  1765  (Huntington,  1766-73,  New  Windsor  and  Newburgh,  1773-96 

Presbyt.),  Waterford  and  Middletown,  1796-1804;  d.  1815  (or  1813). 
Clowe,  Clinton  Wilson,  b.  Glenville,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  15,  1868;  U.C.  93,  N.B.S. 

96,  1.  CI.  Schenectady;  Gansevoort,  96-7,  Bethlehem,  2d,  98-1900,  Dec 

31. 


374  THE   MINISTRY. 

Cludius,  Theodore,  studied  in  Europe,  1.  CI.  N.  B.  1865;  New  Brunswick, 
3d,  65-6;  joined  Ger.  Refd.  Ch. 

Cobb,  Henry  Evertsen  (son  of  Oliver  E.  Cobb),  b.  at  Hopewell,  Dutchess 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  March  25,  1863;  R.C.  84,  P.S.  88,  lie.  N.  CI.  L.  I.;  West 
Troy,  N.  Y.,  88-92,  Collegiate,  West  End  av.  and  77th  St.,  N.  Y.  C, 
1892 D.D.  by  U.N.Y.  and  by  R.C,  1901. 

Publications:  Sermons: — "The  Voice  in  the  Solitude."  "Nazareth." 
Sermon  in  Rutgers  College  on  "Day  of  Prayer  for  Colleges,"  "The  Vic- 
tories of  Youth,  the  Defence  of  Manhood,"  1899. 

Cobb,  Henry  Nitchie,  b.  in  N.  Y.  C,  Nov.  15,  1834 ;  Y.C.  1855,  U.S.  1857, 
1.  3d  Presbyt.  N.  Y.,  i860;  ord.  by  3d  Presb.  N.  Y.,  May  16,  i860;  Miss, 
to  the  Nestorians  in  Persia  and  Koordistan  (Am.  Bd.),  1860-2,  Mill- 
brook,  1866-81.  Cor.  Sec.  of  Bd.  Foreign  Missions,  1881 — D.D.  by 
R.C,  1878.  Chairman  of  Exec.  Com.  of  Ecumen,  Council  on  Foreign 
Missions,  N.  Y.,  1900. 

Publications  :  Besides  many  articles  in  the  periodicals  of  the  day,  he 
has  published  (tract)  "Mind  Your  Business"  (M.  Ep.  Soc),  1859;  "Letters 
from  Constantinople  and  Oroomiah,  in  "Bib.  Soc.  Record,"  "N.  Y.  Evan- 
gelist," "Ch.  Intelligencer,"  and  "Miss.  Herald,"  1861-2;  Scries  of  "Pas- 
toral Letters  to  the  Helpers  of  the  Nestorian  Missions  in  the  Koordish 
Mountains"  (Oroomiah,  1861-2)  ;  Ed.  of  "Rays  of  Light,"  a  monthly  paper 
in  the  Syriac  language  (Oroomiah,  1861-2)  ;  "Almanac,"  1861-2,  in  Modern 
Syriac;  "Sab.-school  Hymn-book,"  in  Modern  Syriac,  1862;  edited  the 
"Ancient  Syriac  New  Testament"  for  Am.  Bib.  Soc,  1874;  "Suggestive 
Readings  from  Syriac  New  Testament,"  in  "Presbyt.  Quarterly,"  1874; 
edited  and  wrote  Introduction  to  "Songs  in  the  Valley  of  Achor,"  1874;  and 
poems  in  newspapers,  in  "The  Changed  Cross,"  and  "The  Shadow  of  the 
Rock."  "Far  Hence":  Letters  written  on  a  tour  of  Foreign  Missions  of 
R.C.A.,  1892.  "A  Century  of  Missions"  of  R.C.A.,  1S97.  Reports  of 
Board  of  Foreign  Missions,  R.C.A.,  yearly,  since  1883  to  present  time. 

Cobb,  Oliver  Ellsworth,  b.  in  N.  Y.  C,  21  March,  1833 ;  Y.C  53,  U.S.  57, 
lie.  by  3d  Presb.,  N.  Y.,  57;  Hopewell,  N.  Y.,  57-72,  Flushing,  72-90. 
Died  at  Tarrytown,  N.  Y.,  23  Sept.,  1891. 

The  son  of  Sanford  Cobb  and  Sophia  L.  Nitchie,  he  was  a  child  of  the 
covenant,  rarely  blessed  with  the  spiritually  uplifting  influences  of  a  godly 
parentage  and  the  fostering  care  of  a  home,  in  which  the  duties,  privileges, 
and  joys  of  the  religious  life  received  constant  emphasis  and  illustration. 
Though  no  especial  parental  constraint  was  brought  to  bear  upon  his 
choice  of  a  profession,  it  was  made  plain  that  a  devotion  to  the  Gospel  min- 
istry would  not  only  fulfill  his  parents'  highest  hopes  for  him,  but  also  lead 
him  into  the  fields  of  widest  usefulness. 

To  such  influences  his  boyish  heart  and  mind  were  promptly  responsive, 
so  that  as  he  grew  in  years  he  grew  also  almost  as  naturally  into  the  prin- 
ciples and  purposes  of  the  spiritual  life.  At  the  age  of  thirteen  he  made 
public  confession  of  faith  in  the  South  Presbyterian  Church  of  Brooklyn, 


THE    MINISTRY.  375 

N.  Y.,  under  the  pastoral  care  of  Rev.  Samuel  T.  Spear.  But  long  before 
had  he  made  choice  of  the  ministry,  into  which  vocation  he  felt  assured 
that  God  had  called  him.  . 

He  was  fitted  for  college  in  the  school  of  Benjamin  W.  Dwight,  that 
prince  among  teachers.  He  spent  one  year  in  the  University  of  New  York 
before  going  to  Yale,  which  was  his  choice.  He  was  one  of  the  honor 
men  in  the  famous  class  of  '53.  The  year  after  graduation  was  spent  at 
home  in  study,  before  entering  on  his  theological  course.  In  his  first 
charge,  at  Hopewell,  he  was  the  successor  of  his  father-in-law,  Rev.  Abra- 
ham Polhemus.  Upon  resigning  at  Flushing  he  retired  to  the  old  family 
home  at  Tarrytown,  where  he  occupied  himself  in  study  and  in  almost 
constant  pulpit  supply.  His  greatest  joy  was  to  preach,  and,  despite  in- 
creasing weakness  and  pain  and  the  anxious  solicitude  of  friends,  he  con- 
tinued such  service  to  within  a  few  days  of  his  death. 

His  mental  powers  were  notably  great.  A  born  student,  he  mastered 
much  learning,  which  a  remarkably  attentive  memory  held  classified  and 
ready  for  apt  and  immediate  service.  All  the  subjects  of  modern  discus- 
sion found  in  him  an  eager  attention,  in  which  a  calm  and  judicial  mind 
knew  well  how  to  winnow  the  chaff  from  the  wheat.  To  this  power  of  ac- 
quisition he  added  a  rare  gift  for  teaching,  and  became  "a  scribe,  instructed 
unto  the  Kingdom  of  Heaven,  bringing  forth  out  of  his  treasure  things  new 
and  old,"  for  the  delight  and  upbuilding  of  those  who  waited  on  his 
ministry. 

To  that  ministry  all  else  was  subservient ;  all  learning  and  literature,  all 
poetry,  all  fine  imagination  being  laid  under  tribute  for  the  illustration  and 
enforcement  of  the  Gospel.  This  was,  indeed,  remarkable  in  him,  that,  in 
whatever  paths  of  study  or  reading  he  wandered — and  he  traveled  very  far 
a-field — he  ever  held  distinctly  and  prominently  in  view  the  intellectual  and 
spiritual  enrichment  of  his  pulpit.  There  was  his  great  and  absorbing  busi- 
ness, which  he  never  slighted,  and  for  which  all  his  excursions  were  under- 
taken. Never  thinking  that  mere  words  in  the  pulpit  might  supply  the  place 
of  substantial  thought,  never  forgetting  the  high  dignity  of  his  vocation  or 
its  divine  aim  in  the  salvation  of  souls,  he  spoke  from  a  full  mind  and  a 
loving  heart,  with  reverence  born  of  divine  unction,  with  ardor  and  enthu- 
siasm and  with  an  elegance  and  power  of  diction  which  often  rose  in  flights 
of  thrilling  eloquence. 

To  those  who  knew  him  it  was  always  matter  of  regret  that  a  constitu- 
tional and  at  times  an  almost  painful  modesty  hindered  his  activity  in  wider 
fields  than  those  bounded  by  his  parish  limits.  With  all  his  learning,  intel- 
lectual force  and  power  of  convincing  speech,  he  was  ever  self-distrustful 
and  retiring  and,  save  in  the  pulpit,  shrinking  from  the  public  view.  He 
was  admirably  fitted  to  take  a  much  more  prominent  place  in  the  life  and 
activity,  the  knowledge  and  esteem  of  the  church  at  large  than  he  ever 
occupied  and  was  more  than  equal  to  any  position  in  the  church.  He  would 
sit  a  silent  member  in  the  General  Synod,  when  his  wider  knowledge  of 
church  affairs,  his  logical  faculty  and  his  effective  powers  of  speech  would 
have  found  noble  and  useful  exhibition  and  exercise  had  they  not  been  re- 
strained by  this  lack  of  assurance.    He  would  neither  "push"  himself  nor 


376  THE    MINISTRY. 

allow  others  to  do  it  for  him.     Nor,  save  in  the  rarest  instances,  would  he 
consent  to  print  the  products  of  his  pen. 

In  all  this  his  friends  note  a  distinct  loss  to  him,  to  them  and  to  the 
church  at  large,  though  they  also  recognize  that  nothing  of  such  wide  activ- 
ity could  have  given  him  a  higher  or  larger  place  in  the  honor  and  affection 
of  those  who  knew  him  or  of  the  churches  he  loved  so  well  and  served  so 
faithfully. 

In  those  churches  his  pastoral  efficiency  was  fully  equal  to  his  pulpit 
power.  To  him  his  sacred  vocation  was  never  a  mere  profession.  It  was  a 
heavenly  service.  No  labor  was  too  great,  no  sacrifice  too  severe  for  the 
unselfish  love  he  bore  to  the  people  of  his  charge.  He  had  an  unbounded 
capacity  for  sympathy  and  all  the  joys  and  sorrows  of  his  flock  were  re- 
flected in  his  own  pleasure  and  pain.  With  a  wisdom  of  counsel  unsur- 
passed and  a  tenderness  of  sympathy — often  that  sweetest  voiceless  sym- 
pathy which  can  express  itself  only  in  the  communion  of  teajrs,  he  was  well- 
fitted  to  reprove  and  exhort,  to  guide  them  that  were  in  doubt  and  to  com- 
fort those  who  mourned.  So  he  led  his  people  like  a  flock,  finding  his 
chief  delight  in  bringing  them  to  the  Great  Shepherd  and  Bishop  of  their 
souls. 

It  was  thus  that  his  people,  in  whose  minds  his  memory  is  ever  fresh, 
love  to  think  of  him.  It  is  thus  that  his  host  of  friends,  bound  to  him  with 
strongest  cords,  love  also  to  think  of  him — "a  Man  of  God,  thoroughly  fur- 
nished unto  every  good  word  and  works,"  a  rarely  perfect  minister  of 
Jesus  Christ.     S.  H.  Cobb.     See  also  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1892,  649. 

Publications:  "The  Beloved  Physician":  A  Sermon  at  the  Funeral  of 
Denis  Wortman,  M.D.,  Hopewell,  N.  Y.,  1864.  "History  of  the  Refd. 
Ch.  of  Flushing" :    A  Sermon,  1882. 

Cobb,  Sanford  Hoadley,  b.  in  N.  Y.  C,  4  Feb.,  1838;  Y.C.  58,  P.S.  62,  1.  3d 
Presbyt.  N.  Y. ;  Schoharie,  64-71,  Saugerties,  71-83,  Grand  Rapids, 
Mich.  (Presb.),  Westminster,  85-94,  Jst  Presb.  Greenwich,  Ct,  1900- 
1901. 

Publications:  "The  Story  of  the  Palatines:  An  Episode  in  Colonial 
History,"  1897.  "The  Rise  of  Religious  Liberty  in  America:  A  History," 
1902. 

"Preaching  to  Sinners":  "Princeton  Rev.,"  1867.  "S.  S.  Libraries,"  ditto, 
1871.  "Farrar  on  the  Constitution":  "Am.  Presb.  Rev.,"  1870.  •"The  Theory 
of  Prohibition":  "New  Princeton  Rev.,"  1887.  "Christianity  and  the  Crim- 
inal": Proceedings  of  Mich.  Bd.  of  Corrections  and  Charities,  1887.  "The 
Fellowship  of  Goods  in  the  Apostolic  Ch.":  "Presb.  and  Refd.  Review," 
1897. 

Pamphlets:  "Short  Pastorates:  Their  Evil,  Cause  and  Cure":  Sermon 
Before  Partic.  Syn.  Albany,  1882.  "Philosophy  and  Theology  of  the 
Mind  Cure,"  1886.  "The  Presbyterian  System  in  the  Development  of  the 
Spiritual  Life  and  Power":  A  Lecture  at  Bay  View  Assembly,  1887.  "In 
Memoriam:  Rev.  Chas.  Doolittle,"  1887.  "Faith,  Creeds  and  the  West- 
minister  Confession":    Three    Sermons  on   the   Revision   Question,    1890. 


THE   MINISTRY.  377 

"The  Old  Dutch  Church  of  Schoharie" :  Anniversary  Sermon,  1894.  "The 
German  Immigration  to  New  York  and  Pennsylvania"  :  Pubd.  by  Wyoming 
Hist.  Soc,  1897. 

Articles  in  "Christian  Intelligencer":  "Curiosities  of  the  Revision"  (New 
Testament)  :  Series,  1881-2.  "Letters  from  Mission  Fields,"  1883-4. 
"Evolution,  or  Providence,  or  Both?  Critique  on  Kidd's  Social  Evolution": 
Two  papers,  1895.  "On  the  Late  Reading  of  Old  Books,"  1896.  "Quota- 
bility  of  Spencer,"  1896.  "The  Embassy  of  John,"  1898.  "How  Best  to 
Preach,"  1898.     "The  Place  of  the  Cross,"  1899.     "On  Preaching,"  1899. 

"Christian  Science":  A  Lecture.  "Grand  Rapids  Herald,"  1888.  Sir  Ed- 
win Arnold's  "The  Light  of  the  World,"  "Northwestern  Press,"  1891. 
"Moses,"  ditto,  1891.  "Theories  About  God,"  ditto,  1891.  "Old  Paths":  A 
Series  on  Christian  Apologetics,  in  "North  and  West,"  1896.  "Humor  in 
the  Bible,"  ditto,  1896.  "Jonathan  Edwards,"  "N.  Y.  Evangelist,"  1894. 
"The  Missionary  Spirit  in  Connection  with  Home  Missions,"  ditto,  1895. 
"The  New  Gospel  of  Yahweh,"  "The  Presbyterian,"  1898.  "The  Great 
Lawgiver,"  ditto,  1899.  "The  New  English  Catechism,"  ditto,  1899. 
Other  Sermons  and  Articles. 

Cochran,  Ab.  Gibson,  b.  Winhall,  Vt.,  Feb.  11,  1822;  Med.  Coll.  47,  P.S. 

47-8;  S.S.  at  Easton,  63-70,  S.S.  Gansevoort,  70-83,  S.S.  Easton,  83-8; 

for  further  details,  see  "P.  Sem.  Gen.  Cat." 
Cock,  Gerhard  Daniel,  Rhinebeck  (Ger.  Ch.)  and  Camp  (or  Germantown, 

N.  Y.),  1764-91,  died;  also  supplied  New  Paltz,  2d,  1768-70. 
See  his  petition  to  Sir  Henry  Moore  against  Hardenberg,  etc.,  who  forced 
him  to  take  the  oath  of  allegiance,  when  seeking  to  suspend  Meyer,  1764. 
"Doc.  Hist.,"  iii,  598,  991.     His  call  to  Camp  and  Reinbeck,  dated  Feb.  27, 
1764,  is  in  Record  Bock  at  Germantown. 

Coe,  Edward  Benton  (son  of  Rev.  Dr.  David  B.  Coe),  b.  at  Milford,  Ct, 
June  11,  1842;  Y.C.  62,  Yale  Sem.;  U.T.S.  61-3,  Prof,  of  Modern 
Langs.,  Yale  Coll.,  64-79,  he.  by  Manhattan  Association  (Cong.),  77; 
ord.  by  CI.  N.  Y.,  Oct.  2,  79;  New  York,  Collegiate  Ch.,  5th  Ave.  and 

48th  St.,  79-99,  Senior  Minister,  1899 

D.D.  by  R.C.  1881  and  by  Y.C.  1885.     LL.D.  by  R.C.  1893.     President  of 

General  Synod,  1898. 

Publications:  "The  Foundation  of  the  Church";  Ser.,  Feb.  10,  1881,  at 
the  Dedication  of  the  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church  of  Syracuse, 
N.  Y.  "The  Gospel  and  the  Sailor";  Dis.  at  Fifty-fourth  Anniversary  of 
the  Am.  Seamen's  Friend  Soc,  May  7,  1882.  "Address  in  Commemora- 
tion of  Asa  Dodge  Smith,  D.D.,  L.L.D.,  late  President  of  Dartmouth  Col- 
lege," delivered  before  the  Alumni, June  27,  1882.  "The  Dignity  of  Human 
Nature" ;  Thanksgiving  Ser.  in  Collegiate  Church,  Fifth  Ave.  and  Forty- 
eighth  St.,  N.  Y.  C,  Nov.  30,  1882.  "Thanksgiving  in  Hard  Times;" 
Thanksgiving  Ser.  in  the  Collegiate  Church,  Fifth  Ave.  and  Forty- 
eighth  St.,  Nov.  27,  1884.  "Annual  Sermon  for  the  Am.  Tract 
Society,"  1886.  "On  Growing  Old";  Sermon  in  the  Collegiate  Church, 
Fifth  Ave.  and  Forty-eighth  St.,  N.  Y.  C.  Nov.  10,  1889.    "Church  Unity;" 


378  THE   MINISTRY. 

Sermon  in  the  Collegiate  Church,  Fifth  Ave.  and  Forty-eighth  St.,  N.  Y.  C, 
May  24,  1891.  "Duty  and  Love";  Sermon  in  the  Collegiate  Church,  Fifth 
Ave.  and  Forty-eighth  St.,  N.  Y.  C,  May  24,  1891.  "Washington — the 
Man" ;  Sermon  before  the  Society  of  the  Sons  of  the  Revolution,  New 
York,  Feb.  18,  1893.  "Discourse  Commemorative  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Ed- 
ward Vermilye,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Senior  Minister  of  the  Collegiate  Church,"  in 
the  Collegiate  Church,  Fifth  Ave.  and  Forty-eighth  St.,  N.  Y.  C,  April  9, 
1893.  "Discourse  Commemorative  of  the  Rev.  Talbot  Wilson  Chambers, 
S.  T.  D.,  LL.  D.,  Senior  Minister  of  the  Collegiate  Church,"  in  the  Col- 
legiate Church,  Fifth  Ave.  and  Forty-eighth  St.,  March  29,  1896. 
"Hi  torical  Address,"  delivered  at  the  Bicentenary  of  the  Charter 
of  the  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church  of  the  City  of  New  York,  at  the 
Collegiate  Church,  Fifth  Ave.  and  Forty-eighth  St.,  N.  Y.  C,  May  11,  1896. 
"The  Church  and  the  Popular  Discontent" ;  Sermon  at  the  Collegiate 
Church,  Fifth  Ave.  and  Forty-eighth  St.,  New  York,  Nov.  22,  1896.  "Men- 
tal Sobriety";  Sermon  in  the  Collegiate  Church,  Fifth  Ave.  and  Forty- 
eighth  St.,  N.  Y.  C.  April  3,  1898.  "He  Goeth  Before  You";  Sermon  in 
the  Col1egiat<  Church,  Fifth  Ave.  and  Forty-eighth  St.,  N.  Y.  C,  1898. 
"Life  Indeed,"  1899,  i2mo,  pp.  267. 

Uso  the  following:  "Baccalaureate  Ser.  Before  Students  of  Rutgers 
1  0,"  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  July  4,  1883.     "Church  Union  for  the  Evangeliza- 

tion of  the  World";  Paper  at  Conf.  for  Church  Union,  Philadelphia,  18S8. 
"The  Hymns  of  the  New  Testament,"  1S88;  in  "Collegiate  Ch.  Year 
Book,"  1  SSi >.  p,  84.  "Address  at  Anniversary  of  Fifty  Years  of  Service 
of  Rev.  Dr.  T.  E.  Vermilye,"  Oct.  3,  1889.  "Address  at  Laying  of  Corner- 
Stone  of  Wist  End  Ave.  Collegiate  Ch.,"  N.Y.C.,  1891  ;  in  "Colleg.  Ch. 
Yr.  Book,"  1892,  p.  112. 

Coens,  Henricus,  reed,  into  CI.  Amst.  June  4,  1725,  from  Wester  Nieuland; 

ord.  by  CI.  Amst.  Sept.  4,   1725,  and  sailed   for  America,  Oct.  7,  1725. 

Aquackanonck,    Second  River,   Pompton,   Ponds,    1726-35,   d.    Feb.   14. 

He  organized  the  secession  elements  in  the  Raritan  churches.     He  also 

wrote    to    Holland    a    detailed    account    of    the   troubles    between    the 

churches  of  Second  River  (Belleville)  and  Aquackanonck.    See  "Amst. 

Cor." 
Cole,  David  (s.  of  Isaac  D.  Cole),  b.  at  Spring  Valley,  N.  Y..  Sept.  22,  1822; 

R.C.  42,  lie.  by  Pres.  N.B.  April  13,  58;  ord.  by  CI.  N.B.  Nov.  23,  58. 

East  Millstone,  Nov.  23,  58-April  1,  63,  Prof,  of  Greek  Lang,  and  Lit 

in  R.C,  March  16,  63-Jan.  1,  66;  Yonkers,  Dec.  10,  65-Sept.  1,  97;  w.  c. 

D.D.  by  Franklin  and  Marshall  College,  1865.     Pres.  of  General  Synod 

in   1884. 

Publications:  "Manual  of  English  Grammar,"  pp.  66,  1848.  "Princi- 
ples of  English  Grammar  Applied,"  pp.  190,  1853.  "Needs  of  the  N.  J. 
Public  School  System,"  an  address  before  the  State  Legislature,  Feb.  9, 
1854.  "Classical  Education,"  an  address  in  Smithsonian  Institution,  Wash- 
ington D.  C,  Dec.  27,  1854.  "Many  Editorials  in  N.  J.  Department  of 
N.  Y.  Teacher,"  1855.  "Aims  of  the  N.  J.  State  Normal  School,"  an  ad- 
dress at  Commencement  of  Farnum  Preparatory  School,"  1857.     Address 


THE   MINISTRY.  379 

to  "Franklin  Guards,"  of  Somerset  Co.,  N.  J.,  on  leaving  for  the  Civil  War, 
Sept.,  1862.  Historical  address  at  Tenth  Anniversary  of  Ref.  Church  of 
East  Millstone,  N.  J.,  1865.  Thanksgiving  sermon  at  Yonkers,  1866.  His- 
torical address  as  delegate  from  Gen.  Synod  of  Ref.  Church  to  Gen.  As- 
sembly of  Pres.  Church,  in  session  at  Philadelphia,  1870.  "Unity  of  the, 
Church  on  Earth,"  a  sermon  on  John  17:  20,  21,  1871.  "Offerings  to  the 
Lord,"  the  annual  sermon  on  Benevolence  to  Gen.  S>nod  of  Ref.  Church, 
1874.  "Isaac  Cole  and  Catharine  Serven,"  the  genealogy  of  an  extensive 
branch  of  the  Holland  Cole  family  in  America  from  1633  to  date,  pp.  269, 
1876.  "Our  American  Republic  the  Child  of  Special  Providence,"  a  Cen- 
tennial Thanksgiving  sermon  at  Yonkers,  1876.  Sermon  on  Fourth  Lord's 
Day  of  Heidelberg  Catechism,  1879.  "Garfield  Home  Life,"  an  address  at 
Yonkers  Memorial  Services  for  President  Garfield,  1881.  Historical  ad- 
dress at  Bi-Centennial  of  Founding  of  Yonkers  City  Hall  building,  1882. 
Historical  sermon  at  Fortieth   Anniversary  of  Ref.   Church  of  Yonkers, 

1883.  Address  at  funeral  of  Hon.  Joseph  Masten,  ex-Mayor  of  Yonkers, 

1884.  Sermon  as  Pres.  of  Gen.  Synod  at  installation  of  Rev.  John  G. 
Lansing  as  Prof,  in  Theological  Seminary  at  N.  B.,  1884.  Response  as 
Pres.  of  Gen.  Synod  to  address  of  welcome  at  Centennial  of  N.  B.  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  1884.  Edited  Beers  and  Co.'s  "History  of  Rockland  Co., 
N.  Y.,"  1884.  "History  of  Yonkers  in  Scharf's  History  of  Westchester  Co., 
N.  Y.,"  pp.  172,  1886.  Remarks  at  Conf.  for  Union  of  German  and  Dutch 
Churches,  Philadelphia,  1888,  page  129.  "Christian  Endeavor  an  Edu- 
cator," an  address  before  N.  Y.  State  C.  E.  Association,  1888.  "Thy  King- 
dom Come,"  a  sermon  preached  in  Yonkers,  1891.  "History  of  Ref.  Church 
of  Tappan,  N.  Y.,"  pp.  168,  prepared  for  Bi-Centennial  of  the  church,  1894. 
Address  at  funeral  of  Hon.  Rudolf  Eickemeyer,  Pres.  of  Yonkers  Board 
of  Education,  1895.  Address  at  Twenty-fifth  Anniversary  of  settlement  of 
Rev.  John  K.  Allen,  D.D.,  as  pastor  of  First  Ref.  Church  of  Tarrytown, 
1895.  Charge  to  Rev.  J.  Hendrik  de  Vries  at  his  installation  as  pastor  of 
Second  Pres.  Church  of  Princeton,  N.  J.,  1897.  Historical  address  at  Bi- 
Ccntcnnial  of  the  organization  of  the  "Old  Dutch  Church  of  Sleepy  Hol- 
low," Tarrytown,  1897.  Historical  address  at  Centennial  of  founding  of 
Rockland  Co.,  N.  Y.,  1898.  "The  Teaching  of  Our  Lord,  Its  Authority 
and  Its  Themes,"  1900.  "First  Record  Book  of  the  Old  Dutch  Church  of 
Sleepy  Hollow:  A  Translation  of  Its  Minutes  and  Elaborate  Copy  of  Its 
Registers,  with  Exhaustive  Indexes,"  1901.  "History  of  the  Reformed 
Churches  of  Tappan  and  Clarkstown,  in  the  Centennial  Memorial  Volume 
of  the  Classis  of  Paramus,"  1901.  Hist.  add.  at  Fiftieth  Anniversary  of  CI. 
of  Westchester,  1901.  Hist.  add.  at  laying  of  corner-stone  of  Refd.  Ch., 
Nyack,  1901.  Current  articles  and  sketches,  educational,  historical  and 
biographical,  or  upon  Bible  subjects,  covering  a  lifework  from  1845  onward 
and  too  numerous  to  be  mentioned. 

Cole,  Isaac  D.,  b.  at  Spring  Valley,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  25,  1799;  N.B.S.  1829,  1.  CI. 
N.  Y.,  Aug.  4,  1829;  ord.  CI.  Paramus,  May  24,  1831 ;  assistant  at  Tap- 
pan,  Nov.,  1829-31,  May  24;  collague  at  Tappan,  May  24,  1831-2,  Dec. 
12;  Totowa,  2d,  Dec.  16,  1832-3,  Dec.  16,  Tappan  again,  1833-64,  Feb. 


380  THE   MINISTRY. 

9 ;  w.  c,  but  supplying  Presbyt.  Ch.,  New  Hempstead,  N.  Y.,  occasion- 
ally.    Died  Aug.  30,  1878. 

He  passed  his  early  childhood,  from  1802  to  1807,  in  the  Collegiate 
Church,  under  the  instructions  of  Drs.  Livingston,  Abeel  and  Kuypers  and 
his  youth,  from  the  latter  date  to  his  conversion  in  1818,  under  the  min- 
istry of  Rev.  Christian  Bork.  At  about  twenty  his  thoughts  were  turned 
to  the  ministry.  Attempts  to  prepare  for  college  were  defeated  by  repeated 
attacks  of  blindness,  brought  on  by  excessive  application  to  study.  In  1826 
he  was  a  successful  teacher  in  New  York  City.  The  longing  for  the  min- 
istry had  never  abated  and  the  trouble  with  the  sight  having  passed  away, 
he  left  teaching  and  entered  the  Theological  Seminary. 

Mr.  Cole  was  of  pure  Holland  ancestry,  being  in  the  sixth  American- 
born  generation  from  one  of  the  officers  of  the  West  India  Company,  in 
New  Amsterdam  as  early  as  1633.     Attachment  to  the  Reformed  Church, 
its  history  and  standards  was  a  strong  element  of  his  nature.     And  this 
birthright  love  was  deepened  by  his  veneration  for  the  pastors  of  his  youth. 
But  what  he  had  so  reverenced  in  these  favorite  models  early  became  with 
him  a  conscious  life.     He  inherited  from  his  fathers  simplicity  of  feeling 
and  plainness  of  manner.    A  modest  demeanor  and  a  composed  spirit  were 
among  his  admirabl?  traits.     Yet  he  was  eminently  firm  in  opinion  and  in 
action.     His  life  in  Christ  was  clear  and  his  interest  in  spiritual   things 
profound  and  singularly  uniform.     His  devotion  to  the  truths  of  the  Gospel 
as  subjects  for  conversation  and  teaching  was  rare.     His  knowledge  of  the 
Divine  Word,  both  of  its  letter  and  spirit,  and  his  skill  in  the  use  of  it, 
were  marvelous.     His  Christian  experience  was  unspeakably  rich  and  his 
judgment  in  utilizing  it  excellent.     He  had  great  wisdom  in  dealing  with 
exercised  souls.     As  a  pastor,  he  enjoyed  the  affection  and  confidence  both 
of  the  old  and  the  young.     In  the  pulpit  he  spoke  as  an  ambassador  from 
heaven,  solemnly  responsible  for  delivering  his  message  without  addition  or 
diminution.     His  manner   was  tender   but   earnest.     He   always   preached 
without  manuscript  and  his  delivery  was  wholly  free  from  affectation;  yet 
his  sense  of  the  proprieties  of  the  pulpit  was  so  perfect  that  his  manner  never 
gave  pain  to  good  taste.     Devout  reverence  for  his  Master  and  his  truth 
gave  unction  always    to  his  discourses.    He  was  generally  quiet  as  to  tone 
and  gesture,  yet  often,  in  perorations  of  sermons,  when  speaking  of  the 
peril  of  the  impenitent  or  the  coming  glory  of  the  saints,  he  would  rise  to  a 
sublimity  of  thought  and  diction  difficult  to  surpass.    He  spoke  so  much  in 
Bible  words  and  so  directly  to  heart  experience,  that  he  was  acceptable  in 
all  pulpits.     He  pursued  his  ministry  on  the  field  of  the  great  secession  of 
1822  and  always  had  about  him  many  of  the  traditional  prejudices  that  had 
come  down  from  that  event  and  period.     And  despite  his  own  rare  love  and 
soundness  in  our  Reformed  faith,  he  was  actually  arraigned  and  formally 
tried  upon  a  charge  of  heresy.     These  surroundings  and  experiences  had 
wonderfully  cultivated  the  teaching  qualities  for  which  he  was  by  nature 
remarkable.     He  was  a  man  of  vigorous  faith  and  earnest  prayer  and  did 
everything  in  the  fear  of  the  Lord.    Liberality  with  his  worldly  means  was 
one  of  his  prominent  characteristics.     In  respect  to  himself,  one  concern 


THE    MINISTRY.  381 

with  him  was  supreme.  He  loved  to  speak  of  the  solidity  of  his  hope,  but 
never  lost  sight  of  the  words:  "He  that  endureth  to  the  end  shall  be  saved." 
On  his  dying-bed  he  was  wholly  given  up  to  spiritual  meditation  and 
prayer.  He  could  not  speak  much,  but  when  he  did  speak,  he  literally 
poured  out  the  word  for  the  instruction  and  comfort  of  those  around.  His 
familiarity  with  the  truth  as  it  is  in  Christ  was  never  brought  into  more 
touching  display.  Finally  he  sank  to  his  rest,  leaving  behind  him  the 
memory  of  a  life  that  in  every  relation,  whether  of  son,  brother,  husband, 
father,  neighbor,  citizen,  teacher,  or  minister  of  the  Gospel,  had  been  a 
powerful  preacher  both  by  example  and  percept.  For  further  sketch,  see 
"Hist,  of  Ch.  of  Tappan,"  1894,  pp.  91-109. 

Publications:     "Gospel  Preaching,"  1850. 
Cole,  Philip  Henry,  b.  Rhinebeck,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  27,  1864;  U.C.  88;  U.T.S. 

88-9;  ord.  CI.  Schenectady,  Oct.  20,  91;  Assist.  Prof.  English  in  U.C. 

89-95 ;  Schenectady  2d,  91-7,  Syracuse,  1897 

Cole,  Solomon  T.,  b.  Esopus,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  5,  1836;  N.B.S.  64;  1.  CI.  Ulster; 

Plattekill,  64-8,   Preakness,  68-72,  Schagticoke,  72-9,  Westerlo,  79-82, 

Tyre,  82-4,  Plattekill,  84-91,  Esopus,  96-99,  w.  c. 
Collier,  Edward  Augustus  (brother  of  Ezra  and  Jos.  Collier),  b.  N.  Y.  C. 

1837;  N.Y.U.  57;  P.S.  60;  1.  Presbyt.  of  Nassau,  59;  ord.  by  Presbyt. 

North  River  Nov.  6,  60  (Saugerties,  Cong.  60-1,  Amenia,  N.  Y.,  Presby. 

61-4)  ;  Kinderhook,  1864 ifO^Q^Zjij^ 

Publications:  "Hist.  Disc,  at  kinderhook,"  "The  Hallowed  House," 
1865.  Sermon  at  Inauguration  of  Prof.  Henry  E.  Dosker  in  West.  The- 
olog.  Sem.,  1894. 

Contributions  to  Periodicals  and  Papers :  Metrical  versions  of  many  of 
the  Psalms ;  Hymns  and  other  Verses  in  variety  and  large  numbers. 

Hymns  in  "Royal  Praise,"  "Gospel  Hymns,"  "Church  Hymnary,"  Trinity 
Hymn  in  "Church  Hymnary"  of  Presbyt.  Ch.,  in   Scotch,   Canadian  and 
English  Presbyt.  Hymnals,  in  S.S.  Hymnals.     Prose  articles  in  the  press, 
signed  and  unsigned. 
Collier,   Ezra  Warren,   b.  at   Plymouth,    Mass.,   Nov.    10,    1826;   R.C.   48, 

N.B.S.  54,  1.  S.  CI.  N.  Y.,  Manhattan  Ch.  N.  Y.  C.  54-6,  Freehold,  2d, 

56-66,  Coxsackie,  2d,  66-67,  died  at  Aiken,  S.  C,  Dec.  5,  1869. 
From  childhood  his  tastes  and  hahjts  were  literary.  In  early  life  he 
wrote  considerably  for  the  press  and  for  his  own  gratification.  The  writer 
has  a  number  of  his  poems  and  other  literary  productions.  The  former 
are  unusually  graceful  and  melodious  and  each  embodies  some  delicate 
fancy.  He  always  wrote  with  great  facility  as  well  as  finish  and  his  spoken 
style  was  as  finished  as  his  written.  We  have  never  heard  any  one  who 
united  such  fluency  with  more  exactness  of  expression  and  arrangement  of 
thought.  His  fancy  was  exuberant  and  his  rhetorical  culture  of  a  high 
order,  yet  his  taste  was  so  severely  correct  that  he  was  never  guilty  of  the 
sensational  or  the  "splurgy."  He  was  a  connoisseur  in  words.  When  he 
heard  a  new  or  apt  expression  it  was  as  if  a  botanist  had  found  a  new  floral 
specimen.  He  took  the  delight  in  hearing  a  speaker  that  always  strikes 
the  right  word,  that  one  with  a  sensitive  ear  for  music  takes  in  the  firm 


382  THE   MINISTRY. 

and  perfect  touch  of  a  skilled  pianist.  His  style  was  sententious,  his 
periods  being  brief  and  compact.  It  was  instinct  with  subtle  and  delicate 
beauties  of  thought  and  phrase  which,  doubtless,  often  escaped  his  less  cul- 
tivated hearers.  It  was  eminently  biblical.  He  had  the  Scriptures  at  his 
tongue's  end,  and  was  not  afraid  of  being  called  old-fashioned  because  he 
appealed  to  the  Divine  Word  rather  than  evolved  his  conclusions  from  the 
"depths  of  his  own  consciousness." 

His  strength  and  clearness  of  mind  were  equal  to  its  beauty.  He  was 
proficient  in  mathematics,  and  it  was  his  favorite  study.  Although  shrink- 
ing almost  morbidly  from  disputation,  when  aroused  he  was  3  logical  ath- 
lete. He  would,  after  writing  a  sermon,  be  able  to  recite  it  verbatim  with 
one  or  two  perusals,  and  this  not  merely  at  the  time,  but  equally  well  with- 
out re-reading,  after  the  lapse  of  weeks  and  months.  He  was  once  ex- 
changing with  a  brother  minister,  and  after  entering  the  pulpit  was  im- 
pressed with  the  conviction  that  the  written  sermon  which  he  had  brought 
with  him  was  not  adapted  to  the  audience  or  the  occasion.  Suddenly  there 
rose  to  his  recollection  the  text  of  a  discourse  which  he  had  committed  to 
memory  several  years  before,  but  which  he  had  never  since  re-read  or  re- 
called. He  rose  and  repeated  it  from  beginning  to  end  without  hesitation 
and  exactly  as  he  had  originally  written  it. 

There  was  a  unity  about  the  plan  of  his  sermons  which  never  left  any 
doubt  as  to  his  theme.  In  fact,  he  lodged  the  central  and  seed-thought  of 
his  discourse  so  firmly  and  distinctly  in  the  minds  of  his  hearers  that  it  was 
almost  impossible  to  forget  it. 

Those  who  did  not  know  him  intimately  could  hardly  suspect  the  exquisite 
and  original  humor  of  the  man.  In  familiar  intercourse  it  glanced  and 
sparkled  along  his  speech  with  an  almost  unconscious  naturalness.  It  was 
inimitable,  and  wholly  sui  generis,  yet  so  subtle  as  almost  to  be  occult  to 
those  who  had  not  a  large  perception  of  humor  in  their  own  natures.  As 
his  health  declined  this  vivacity  almost  wholly  faded  and  needed  to  be 
aroused  by  special  social  influences,  but  it  never  wholly  left  him. 

This,  with  his  extensive  literary  acquirements  and  his  command  of  lan- 
guage, rendered  him,  to  some  at  least,  the  most  fascinating  of  talkers.  It 
was  the  conversational  charm  with  which  he  held  me  that  first  drew  me  to 
that  intimacy  of  many  years,  which  is  now  one  of  my  most  cherished 
recollections.  . 

He  was,  too,  superior  to  popular  applause,  and  to  those  mere  surface 
graces  of  manner  and  adaptations  of  style  which  attract  the  crowd.  Other- 
wise, and  had  he  devoted  a  tithe  of  the  care  and  self-discipline  that  a  great 
many  inferior  but  more  conspicuous  men  have  successfully  employed  for 
this  end.  he  might  have  been  one  of  our  most  popular  and  sought  preachers. 

Another  trait  of  character  contributed  to  this  result.  He  was  devoid  of 
ambition.  The  idea  of  emulation  or  rivalry  was  distasteful  to  him.  And 
he  shrunk  from  publicity  as  persistently  as  many  others  court  it.  He  had 
the  grand  contempt  of  noble  natures  for  all  things  circuitous  and  petty. 
Though  naturally  conservative,  he  instinctively  sided  with  the  generous 
side  of  every  question,  and  when  he  took  his  stand  could  not  be  frightened 
from  it  by  any  amount  of  clamor  or  persecution. 


THE   MINISTRY.  383 

He  often  seemed  cold  and  unsympathetic  to  strangers  or  casual  acquaint- 
ances. But  they  who  knew  him  well  knew  that  a  more  tenderly  pious,  a 
more  genial  and  loving  nature  never  existed,  nor  one  capable  of  a  warmer 
enthusiasm  for  the  true,  the  beautiful  and  the  good.  The  poor  and  the 
humble  can  testify  to  his  gentle  and  kindly  nature.  No  one  ever  left  more 
devoted  friends  in  every  class. 

And  every  one  respected  him  with  a  profound  respect,  which  never  dared 
encroach  upon  the  limits  of  delicacy  and  propriety  while  he  lived,  and 
which  looks  back  and  says,  "That  was  a  man,  every  inch  of  him !"  When 
needful  to  keep  the  obtrusive  in  the  background,  or  repulse  the  impertinent, 
or  check  the  irreverent,  his  tongue  was  a  sword  whose  point  was  as  sharp 
as  its  stab  was  grave  and  quiet. 

He  was  a  faithful  and  devoted  pastor.  He  was  content  and  happy  in  the 
unshining  round  of  a  country  minister's  useful  and  self-denying  labors  and 
every  week  and  every  year  saw  his  work  done,  and  well  done,  till  the 
summons  came  to  work  no  more,  but  to  walk  homeward  through  the  even- 
ing shadows  to  his  heavenly  rest. 

And  all  during  those  months  of  patient  and  gradual  decay  his  faith  and 
hope  were  unwavering  and  bright.  His  religion  was  very  childlike.  He 
knew  all  about  the  rationalizing  speculations  of  our  scientific  age,  and  had 
himself  passed  through  that  phase  of  mental  and  moral  experience.  But 
he  was  too  large  of  brain  and  elevated  in  the  spiritual  cast  of  his  nature  to 
conceive  of  a  world  without  the  supernatural  and  the  divine  as  its  supreme 
and  imminent  fact.  He  saw  nothing  contrary  to  reason  in  a  personal,  holy, 
just,  and  loving  God.  Neither  did  he  see  why  that  God  should  not  reveal 
himself  to  man,  and  use  for  that  purpose  inspired  writers,  and  above  all, 
One  who  was  the  likeness  of  His  own  glory,  shrouded  in  a  veil  of  flesh. 
And  he  recognized  in  Jesus  of  Nazareth  this  Divine  humanity,  from  whose 
lips  he  was  willing  to  take  the  law  of  life  and  immortality.  And  when 
that  Blessed  One  offered  himself  as  the  vicarious  atoner  for  the  sins,  of 
whose  existence  he  needed  no  revelation  from  without,  he  joyfully  received 
Him,  and  clave  to  Him  with  a  simple  but  unrelaxing  trust,  even  unto 
death.  His  was  that  true  positivism  which  takes  account  of  moral  phe- 
nomena for  the  inductive  evolution  of  moral  truth.  And  finding  in  his 
own  consciousness  a  sense  of  sin  which  could  not  be  cleansed  or  quieted 
except  by  the  interposition  of  a  Divine  Redeemer,  finding  there,  in  fact,  an 
echo  of  the  Gospel,  he  never  dreamed  of  going  to  material  nature,  or  to  the 
brain  for  confirmation  or  refutation  of  the  spiritual  things  which  the  spirit, 
out  of  its  needs  and  aspirations  and  conscience  of  sin,  is  alone  competent  to 
discern. 

Thus  his  faith  was  childlike  as  it  was  unfaltering.  Thus  he  lived  and 
thus  he  died.  Not  amid  visions  and  raptures,  but  walking  calmly  in  the 
unclouded  daylight  of  God,  a  faithful  and  successful  worker,  a  true  friend, 
a  strong-minded,  strong-hearted,  genuine  man,  a  humble  Christian,  always 
and  in  every  relation  of  life  a  man  of  God. — Rev.  F.  N.  Zabriskie. 

Publications  :  Biography  of  his  brother  Joseph,  as  an  Introduction  to 
the  latter's  work,  "Dawn  of  Heaven."  Many  articles  for  the  press,  in- 
cluding poems. 


384  THE   MINISTRY. 

Collier,  George  Zabriskie  (son  of  Rev.  Ezra  W.  Collier),  b.  at  Freehold, 
N.  J.,  Apr.  9,  1862;  R.C.  1883,  N.B.S.  1886,  lie.  CI.  N.B. ;  Stuyvesant 
Falls,   N.  Y.,   1886-9,  Alexandria  Bay,   N.   Y.,   1890-6,   Grand   Haven, 

Mich.  (2d),  1896-1900,  Mellenville,  N.  Y.,  1900 

Publications:  "Significance  of  the  Book  of  Esther  in  the  Interpreta- 
tion of  Sacred  and  Secular  History,"  "S.S.  Times,"  1892.  "Exegesis  of 
Heb.  11:19,"  in  "Horn.  Rev.,"  May,  1894.  Sermons:  On  "Bribery,"  in 
"Preachers'  Mag.,"  Sept.,  1898;  "The  Crime  of  Assassination,"  "Horn. 
Rev.,"  Oct.,  1900. 

Collier,  Isaac.     R.C.    1857,    N.B.S.  60,  1.   CI.   Greene ;    Coeymans,   60-66, 

Battle   Creek,  66-70,   Addisville,    Pa.,   71-84    (Cong.,   Augusta,    Mich., 

1884). 
Collier,  Isaac  Henry,  b.  at  Athens,  N.  Y.,  1834;  R.C.  59,  N.B.S.  62,  1.  CI. 

Greene ;   Caatsban,  62-4,   Nassau,  64-5,  Lodi.  N.  Y.,  65-70,   Saratoga, 

70-74.    Montville,    74-9    (S.S.   Oakfield,    N.    Y.    (Presb.),    1879-81;    d. 

Feb.  19. 
Collier,  Joseph  A.,  b.  at  Plymouth,  Mass.,  1828;  R.C.  49,  N.B.S.  52,  1.  S. 

CI.  N.  Y. ;  Greenville  and  Bronxville,  52-5,  Geneva,  55-9,  Kingston,  2d, 

59-64 ;  d. 
Few  young  men  among  our  ministers  ever  rose  more  rapidly  by  the 
simple  force  of  unostentatious  merit.  His  name  was  mentioned  every- 
where with  respect  and  affection.  His  personal  qualities  and  professional 
labors  excited  admiration  and  elicited  praise.  His  brethren  in  the  ministry 
loved  him,  and  the  Christian  public  gladly  honored  him.  He  was  a  diligent 
student.  He  loved  to  commune  with  the  great  thinkers  and  writers,  and 
thus  feed  his  own  mind.  He  was  a  clear  and  impressive  preacher.  His 
sermons  were  never  slovenly.  What  he  did  he  did  well.  They  had  solid 
substance.  They  were  eminently  thoughtful  and  suggestive,  his  reasoning 
cogent,  and  his  style  as  lucid  as  his  argument.  His  illustrations  were  never 
florid  nor  redundant,  but  always  simple,  apt,  and  chaste;  while  his  pleading 
with  the  sinner  was  as  that  of  one  by  whom  Christ  himself  was  beseeching, 
"Be  ye  reconciled  to  God." 

His  manner  was  animated,  forcible,  tender,  persuasive;  his  glowing  eye 
and  radiant  countenance  attesting  to  all  his  thorough  earnestness  and  his 
deep  sympathy  with  his  sacred  themes.  He  possessed  unusual  qualifica- 
tions for  the  work  of  the  ministry,  and  his  brief  labors  were  crowned  with 
large  success.  He  ever  felt  the  deepest  interest  in  the  spiritual  welfare  of 
the  young.  He  preached  at  Kingston  a  series  of  Sabbath  evening  dis- 
courses to  the  youth  of  his  flock,  which  were  afterward  published  under 
the  title  of  "The  Young  Men  of  the  Bible."  But  especially  did  his  heart 
turn  toward  the  children.  Into  this  field  he  threw  himself  with  peculiar 
ardor  and  delight  and  with  great  success.  He  loved  to  lead  the  lambs  into 
green  pastures.  One  regular  Sabbath  service  in  each  alternate  month  he 
devoted  entirely  to  the  children.  At  such  times  he  delivered  discourses 
adapted  to  the  comprehension  of  the  youngest,  though  instructive  to  all. 
Two  series  of  these  discourses  have  been  published  under  the  titles  of 
"Little  Crowns  and  How  to  Win  Them"  and  "Pleasant  Paths  for  Little 


THE   MINISTRY.  385 

Feet."  "The  Christian  Home"  and  "The  Dawn  of  Heaven"  are  also  pro- 
ductions of  his  pen,  the  latter  published  after  his  death.  He  was  a  sym- 
pathizing pastor.  While  he  loved  books,  he  loved  his  people.  His  min- 
istry was  a  model  of  pastoral  fidelity.  He  walked  habitually  with  God. 
See  "The  Dawn  of  Heaven,"  in  which  is  found  a  biographical  sketch  by 
his  brother  Ezra.  He  also  published  "The  Strife  and  the  Crown,"  a  tem- 
perance ser.,  1861,  and  "The  Right  Way,"  a  prize  essay  on  Peace.  Am. 
Tract  So.     See  "McClintock's  Cyc." 

Collins,  Barnabas  V.,  b.  1814;  Lafayette  Coll.,  Pa.,  N.B.S.  42,  1.  CI.  N.  Y. ; 

West  Farms,  42-5,  Ponds,  45-67,  w.  c. ;  d.  1877,  July  23. 
Collins,  Chas.     Philadelphia  Classical  Institute,  theology  in  private,  1.  CI. 
Philadelphia,  1858  (S.S.  Norristown,  Pa.,  Presbyt.,  61-2),  S.S.  Mana- 
yunk,  63-4  (S.S.  Jeffersonville  Presbyt.,  1866). 
Comfort,  Lawrence  L.,  b.  Nov.  5,  1822,  in  Orange  Co.,  N.  Y. ;  U.C.  48, 
N.B.S.  51,  1.  CI.  Orange;  Rockaway,  52-4,  New  Hurley,  54-71,  in  Eu- 
rope, 1871-2,  Berea,  72-9;  d.  July  21. 
Publications  :     "Centennial  Hist.  Disc,  at  New  Hurley,"  1870. 
Compton,  Jas.  Murphy,  b.  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Aug.  18,  1817;  R.C.  43,  N.B.S. 
46,  1.  CI.  N.  B.  Tyre,  47-50;  Piffardinia,  50-1,  Kiskatom,  51-4,  Union 
and  Jerusalem,  54-60,  Gallupville  and  Knox,  60-3,  S.S.  at  Currytown 
and  Mapletown,  64-8,  Stone  Arabia,  and  Ephratah,  68-9,  Stone  Arabia, 
69-70,   Columbia  and  Henderson,   70-4,   Columbia,    74-5,   Union,   75-8, 
S.S.  Spraker's  Basin,  78-82,  at  Mapletown,  6  ms.,  82,  Columbia  (Herki- 
mer Co.),  N.  Y.,  88-1891;  d.  Dec.  12.     "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1892,  654. 
"Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,"  1892,  28. 
Compton,  William  Edgar  Wells,  b.  Jamesburg.   N.  J.,  Nov.   10,   1870; 

R.C.  94,  N.B.S.  97,  1.  CI.  N.  B.;  West  Copake,  N.  Y.,  1897 

Conant,  Chs.  Albion,  b.  Temple  Moins,  July  28,  1S33;  U.C.  60,  Bangor 
Sem.  and  Aub.  Sem.  63,  lie.  Cong.  Assoc,  Bangor,  Me.,  62;  ord. 
Cayuga  Presb.,  64  (Moravia,  N.  Y.,  64-5,  Genoa,  N.  Y.,  65-71,  Pike, 
N.  Y.,  71,  Amherst,  Mass.,  72-6,  Duluth,  Minn.,  76-8,  Cannon  Falls, 
Minn.,    78-82,    St.    Paul,    Minn.,    82-4,    Voorheesville,    N.    Y.,   87-92), 

Lisha's  Kill,  1893 

Condict,  Ira,  b.  at  Orange,  N.  J.,  Feb.  21,  1764;  C.NJ.  1784,  studied  under 
Dr.  John  Woodhull,  of  Monmouth,  1.  Presbyt.  N.  B.,  1786  (Hardwick, 
Newtown,  and  Shappenock,  Presbyt.,  1787-93)  ;  New  Brunswick,  1794- 
1811,  also  Prof.  Moral  Phil,  in  Queen's  Col.  and  Vice-President  of  the 
same,  1809-11;  d.  June  1.     Elected  a  trustee  of  Queen's  College,  1774; 
also  Pres.  of  same,  1794-1810. 
He  became  a  subject  of  grace  while  in  college,  and  immediately  devoted 
himself  to  the  ministry.     He  took  a  high  stand  in  his  class,  and  was  par- 
ticularly distinguished  for  his  accuracy  in  the  classics.     In  his  first  charge 
he  found  a  wide  and  destitute  field,  demanding  great  energies  of  character 
and  powers  of  endurance.     Within  the  limits  of  this  charge  are  now  found 
numerous  flourishing  churches.     In  New  Brunswick  he  labored  with  a  zeal 
and  perseverance  seldom  equaled.     This  church  at  that  time  embraced  a 


386  THE   MINISTRY. 

large  country  population,  in  addition  to  a  city  charge  of  about  two  hundred 
families.     He  was  an  efficient  pastor  and  an  earnest  worker. 

In  catechizing,  pastoral  visitations,  and  labors  among  the  poor  he  was 
indefatigable.  He  had  for  every  department  of  labor  a  definite  plan  and 
pursued  it  vigorously.  No  man  could  have  accomplished  more  than  he 
did  ;  and  the  secret  of  his  efficiency  lay  in  the  wisdom  of  his  plans.  He 
gained  a  just  popularity  for  his  learning;  for,  while  he  was  laborious  as  a 
pasior,  he  did  not  neglect  his  study  Public  institutions  honored  themselves 
by  placing  his  name  on  their  catalogues,  and  places  of  responsibility  in  the 
church  were  pressed  upon  him.  The  corporation  of  Princeton  College 
elected  him  a  member  of  their  board,  having  previously  conferred  upon  him 
the  title  of  Doctor  of  Divinity.  The  General  Synod  elected  him  their  Pres- 
ident in  is'oo.  and,  as  a  member  of  church  judicatories,  he  was  active  and 
influential  and  took  a  prominent  part  in  their  deliberations. 

Two  important  events  occurred  in  connection  with  his  ministry  in  New 
Brunswick,  both  of  which  he  earnestly  and  successfully  advocated.  The 
first  was  the  partial  revival  of  Queen's  College  in  the  year  1807.  For 
several  years  this  institution  had  been  closed ;  its  funds  were  exhausted 
and  its  buildings  occupied  for  other  purposes.  With  great  personal  effort 
and  persistent  application,  as  a  trustee  of  the  college,  he  secured  quite  a 
liberal  endowment,  drew  around  him  an  encouraging  number  of  students, 
and  awakened,  on  behalf  of  this  institution,  considerable  interest  through- 
out the  bounds  of  the  denomination.  For  several  years,  in  addition  to  his 
labors  as  the  pastor  of  the  church,  he  was  acting  President  of  the  institu- 
tion, and  at  one  time,  with  the  aid  received  from  only  one  tutor,  the  whole 
work  of  instruction  devolved  upon  him.  The  history  of  our  college  reveals 
the  fact  that  to  Dr.  Condict,  more  than  any  other  person,  is  she  indebted 
for  the  noble  building,  standing  in  its  beautiful  location,  as  an  ornament  to 
the  city.  He  was  mainly  instrumental  in  securing  from  Mr.  James  Parker, 
by  gift,  the  lot  on  which  it  stands.  The  first  subscription  paper  for  the 
edifice  was  drawn  up  by  his  hands,  and  some  time  before  his  death  he  had 
the  satisfaction  of  seeing  his  efforts  crowned  witli  success. 

The  second  important  event  in  his  ministry  was  the  removal  of  our  Theo- 
logical Seminary  to  New  Brunswick  and  its  vigorous  growth  under  the 
administration  of  the  venerable  senior  Professor,  Dr.  John  11.  Livingston. 
It  was  not  until  the  year  1810  that  the  seminary,  on  its  permanent  establish- 
ment in  New  Brunswick,  started  on  its  career  of  prosperity  which  has  made 
it  a  fountain  of  life  for  the  church  and  the  world. 

Thus,  year  after  year,  Dr.  Condict  toiled  on  in  the  work  of  the  ministry, 
a  man  eminently  useful  and  of  distinguished  position  in  the  church.  He 
died  in  the  midst  of  his  years,  his  strong  constitution  giving  way  under  the 
pressure  of  accumulating  burdens.  Some  closing  incidents  in  his  life  were 
remarkable.  The  church  to  which  he  had  ministered  for  about  seventeen 
had  resolved  to  erect  a  new  and  more  commodious  edifice  for  worship, 
The  plans  were  all  perfected  and  the  work  commenced.  In  the  providence 
•  i  God,  the  last  sermon  preached  in  the  old  building  was  the  last  sermon 
which  Dr.  Condict  preached.  And.  as  if  in  anticipation  of  the  event  before 
him.  he  took  for  his  text  this  striking  passage  of  Scripture:  "But   I  must 


THE    MINISTRY.  387 

die  in  this  land,  I  must  not  go  over  Jordan ;  but  ye  shall  go  over  and  pos- 
sess the  land.  Take  heed  unto  yourselves,  lest  ye  forget  the  covenant  of 
the  Lord  your  God,  which  He  made  with  you,  and  make  you  a  graven 
image,  or  the  likeness  of  any  thing  which  the  Lord  thy  God  hath  forbidden 
thee."  After  a  sickness  of  only  eight  days,  with  precious  exercises  of 
grace  and  in  the  triumph  of  faith,  he  fell  asleep  in  Jesus,  in  the  forty-eighth 
year  of  his  age  and  the  twenty-fifth  of  his  ministry. 

He  is  represented  to  have  been  a  tall,  muscular  man,  with  black  hair,  of 
prominent  features,  very  grave  in  his  deportment,  and  a  man  of  undoubted 
piety.  Many  still  remember  his  sedateness  of  appearance;  and  not  one  who 
ever  heard  him  in  prayer  could  forget  the  unction  and  spirituality  of  his 
devotions.  He  was  subject  to  frequent  moods  of  despondency,  yet  he  was 
gifted  with  fine  conversational  powers,  and  frequently  in  social  intercourse 
with  his  people,  he  would  throw  off  all  reserve  and  exhibit  a  mind  full  of 
vivacity  and  affection.  He  wore  in  the  pulpit  the  gown  and  cassock,  and 
his  very  appearance  was  dignified  and  solemn ;  not  a  solemnity  that  repelled, 
but  drew  toward  him  the  esteem  of  the  people  as  a  consistent  and  devoted 
minister.  His  strength  lay  in  his  powerful  conviction  of  the  truth,  in  his 
intense  earnestness  of  soul,  in  his  deep  sympathy  with  his  hearers,  and  in 
a  singleness  of  aim  that  held  him  in  close  contact  with  the  class.  He  had 
a  great  aversion  to  appear  in  print,  and,  although  repeatedly  urged  to  give 
his  sermons  for  publication,  he  uniformly  declined  so  doing.  The  only  pro- 
duction of  his  pen  that  has  fallen  under  the  writer's  notice  is  a  sermon  oc- 
casioned by  the  death  of  George  Washington,  delivered  by  invitation  of  the 
Mayor  and  Common  Council  of  the  city,  and  published  under  their  direction. 
As  a  preacher  he  was  clear  in  his  analysis,  close  in  his  discussion  of  the 
topic,  and  pungent  in  the  application.  He  distrusted  very  much  his  own 
abilities,  and  was  occasionally  depressed  in  mind  to  such  a  degree  that  he 
felt  scarcely  fitted  to  enter  the  pulpit.  But  while  he  was  known  among  his 
own  people  and  friends  as  the  "beloved  Condict,"  with  all  classes  he  was 
held  in  high  esteem,  not  only  for  his  personal  worth,  but  for  his  sterling 
pulpit  abilities. — Rev.  Dr.  R.  H.  Steele.  See  also  art.  in  "Sprague's  An- 
nals," by  Dr.  Cannon,  and  "Alden's  Biog.  Diet."     "McClintock's  Cyc." 

Publications:  "A  Disc.  Commemorative  of  Washington,"  1799.  Sketch 
in  "Inauguration  of  Dr.  Gates  as  Pres.  Rutgers  College,"  p.  82. 

Conger,  Willard,  b.  Whitestone,  L.  I.,  Feb.  23,  1874;  R.C.  96,  N.B.S.  99, 
lie.  by  CI.  N.  B. ;  instructor  in  Rutgers  Preparatory  School,  99-1901 ; 
Asbury  Park,  1901 

Conklin,  John  Woodruff  (s.  of  Nath.  Conklin),  b.  Montville,  N.  J.,  1851 ; 
R.C.  71,  teaching,  71-3,  N.B.S.  76,  lie.  CI.  N.  B.,  Boonton,  76-80;  voy- 
age to  India,  via  England,  Jan.  8-Mar.  6,  81  ;  Missionary  in  India,  81- 
90,  retd.  to  America ;  S.S.  Fairfield,  N.  J.,  93-5,  Prof,  of  Sociology  and 
Missions  in  Bible  Normal  College,  Springfield,  Mass.,  95-1900,  Field 
Sec.  of  Bd.  For.  Missions,  1900 

Conklin,  Marion  Townsend,  R.C.  1881,  N.B.S.  84,  1.  CI Whitehousc, 

84-9,  Wallkill,  89-1900,  Presbyt. 

Conklin,  Nathaniel,  b.  1824,  Basking  Ridge,  N.  J.;  R.C.  44,  N.B.S.  47,  1.  CI. 


388  THE   MINISTRY. 

N.  B. ;  Miss,  to  Long  Branch,  1847-51,  Montville,  1851-70  (New  Ver- 
non, N.  J.,  Presbyt.,  1870-82.     Died  Aug.  17,  1892. 
He  was  greatly  blessed  in  his  ministerial  labors.     His  qualifications  were 
his  own  deep  and  sincere  piety,  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  Scriptures, 
and  a  style  of  preaching  which  was  eminently  Biblical.     His  prayers  were 
uplifting.     The  spirit,  the  verbiage,  and  the  illustrations  of  the  Bible  per- 
meated his  sermons.     He  was,  therefore,  an  evangelical  preacher.     He  was 
ever  seeking  to  edify  the  body  of  Christ  and  to  save  the  lost.     He,  accord- 
ingly, enjoyed  large  revivals  of  religion  in  his  successive  charges,  by  which 
many  were  added  to  the  church.     "Biog.  Notice  of  Grads.  R.C.,"  1893,  18. 
Conner,  William  Waddell,  b.  Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  Aug.  31,  i860;  C.NJ. 
85.  Allegheny  Sem.  99,  1.  Allegheny  Presby.  98;  ord.  by  CI.  Newark, 

99;  Belleville,  1899 

Connitt.  G.  W.     W.C.  1849,  Theolog.  Institute  Conn.  53,  1.  North  Assoc. 

of  Hartford.  52  (Deep  River,  Conn.,  Cong.,  54-6,  Deep  River,  Conn., 

Presbyt.,  56-62)  ;  Fallsburgh,  62-5,  New  Prospect,  66-70. 

Conover,  Garret  M.,  b.  Clinton,  N.  J.,  Mar.  29,  1866;  R.C.  1892,  N.B.S.  95, 

1.    CI.    Raritan ;   North   Paterson  and  Hawthorne,   95-97,    Clarkstown, 

1897 

Consaul,  Gansevoort,  D.  W.,  b.  Schenectady,  1841 ;  Am.  Col.  59,  P.S.  61,  lie. 
CI.  Schenectady;  S.S.  Fort  Plain,  63-7,  ord.  by  CI.  Montgomery,  1868; 
Mohawk,    1867-9,   Herkimer,    1869-77,   Geneva,    Switzerland,   1877;   al- 
lowed to  demit  the  ministry,  1879. 
Cook,  George  E.     W.S.  1900. 
Cook,  William  Wynkoop,  b.  Richboro,  Pa.,  Nov.  21,  1843;  R.C.  73,  U.T.S. 

73-6;  ord.  CI.  Philadelphia;  Philadelphia,  4th,  76-81;  Methodist. 
Coombs,  William.     Rosendale,  N.  Y.,  1894-8. 

Cooper,  Jacob,  b.  Dec.  7,  1830,  near  Somerville,  Ohio;  Y.C.  52,  Univ.  Berlin, 
54.  studied  theology  at  Halle  and  Berlin,  in  connection  with  philology; 
lie.    (O.S.)    Presb.,    Oxford,    O.,    Aug.    17,    53;    ord.    (O.S.)    Presb., 
Transylvania,  Ky.,  Ap.  26,  62  (S.S.  Harmony  Ch.  (O.S.)  Presbyt.  Ky., 
61-6,  Chaplain  3d  Ky.  Reg.  Inf.  Union  Army,  62-3,  Prof.  Greek,  Centre 
Coll.    Danville,   Ky.,   Ap.,   55-Sept,   66)  ;    Prof.    Greek,   Rutgers   Coll. 
New  Brunswick,  Sept.,  66-93 ;  Prof,  of  Logic  and  Philosophy,  Rutgers 
Coll.,  1893 Ph.  D.  by  Berlin  University,  1854.  Member  of  the  Philo- 
sophical Soc.  of  Bergin,  1856.     D.C.L.  by  University  of  Jena,  1873,  for 
prize    essay:    De    Jure    Naturali    Testimcntum    Facicndi.     S.T.D.    by 
Columbia  Coll.,  1874.     LL.D.  by  Tulane  University,  1895. 
After  leaving  Berlin  he  continued  his  studies  at  Halle  and  Edinburgh 
under  such  men  as  Trendelenburg,  Hengstenberg,  Boeckle,  Pott,  Roediger, 
and  Sir  William  Hamilton.     In  1855  he  was  called  to  fill  the  Chair  of  Greek 
at  Centre  College,  Ky.,  and  remained  there  for  eleven  years,  excepting  two. 
as  Chaplain  in  the  Union  army,  1862-3.    For  four  years  he  was  editor  of  the 
"Danville  Review,"  writing  many  articles  on  religious  and  patriotic  sub- 
jects.    In  1866  he  v/as  called  to  the  Chair  of  Greek  in  both  Miami  Univer- 
sity (Ohio)  and  Rutgers  College.     He  accepted  the  offer  from  Rutgers,  and 
after  thirty-six  years  still  abides  with  that  institution.     In   1883  the  Uni- 


THE   MINISTRY.  389 

versity  of  Michigan  offered  him  the  Professorship  of  Metaphysics  and 
Ethics  and  also  the  position  of  University  Preacher.  He  accepted,  but  the 
Rutgers  trustees  would  not  accept  his  resignation.  In  1888  the  General 
Synod  chose  him  to  be  the  Vedder  Lecturer.  These  were  delivered  in  1885, 
on  "Doubt."  Since  1897  he  has  been  one  of  the  editors  of  the  "Bibliotheca 
Sacra."     He  also  preaches  continually. 

Publications:  "Aboriginal  Monuments  of  the  Mississippi  Valley," 
"Yale  Lit.  Mag,"  1851.  lH  nt.pl  r?js  rcbv  'EXXt'jvoov  'IarpiKtfS  'Idropia. 
Oxon  MDCCCLI.  "De  Mysteriis  Eleusiniis :  Dissertatio  Inauguralis  ad 
Capsessendos  summos  in  Philosophia  Honores,"  "Berolini,"  MDCCCLIIL 
"Critical  Examination  of  Plato's  Phcedo,"  "Danville  Rev.,"  1861.  "New 
Gospel  of  Rationalism,"  "Danville  Review,"  1861.  "Israel  and  Siani," 
"Danville  Rev.,"  1862.  "The  Loyalty  Demanded  by  the  Present  Crisis," 
"Danville  Rev.,"  1S64.  Second  ed. :  Union  League,  Philadelphia,  1864. 
"Perjury  Exemplified  in  Secession,"  "Danville  Rev.,"  1864.  "Slavery  in 
the  Church  Courts,"  "Danville  Rev.,"  1864.  "Biographical  Notice  of  R.  J. 
Breckenridge,  D.D.,  LL.D.,"  "Presbyterian,"  Philadelphia,  Jan.  13,  1872. 
"De  Jure  Naturali  Testamentum  Faciendi:  Thesis  Lcgalis  Coronata," 
Jena,  MDCCCLXXIV.  "On  the  Eleusinian  Mysteries,"  second  ed.,  "New 
Englander,"  1876.  "Henry  Stephens'  Greek  Thesaurus,"  "Presb.  Quar- 
terly" and  "Princeton  Rev.,"  1876.  "What  is  Truth?"  "Princeton  Rev.,'' 
1876.  "Homeric  Poetry,"  "Bibliotheca  Sac,"  1877.  "What  Constitutes 
Successful  Teaching  in  Colleges,"  "New  Englander,"  1877.  "The  Ameri- 
can Student  in  College,"  "New  Englander,"  1878.  "Pascal,  The  Thinker," 
"Bib.  Sac,"  1883.  The  Vedder  Lectures:  "Doubt,"  1885.  "Address  at 
Funeral  of  John  Terhune,"  1886.  "Biog.  of  Rev.  Dr.  Geo.  Duffield,  Pres. 
of  Bd.  of  Regents,  Mich.  University,"  1889.  "The  Natural"" Right  of 
Making  a  Will,"  2d  ed.,  1892.  "Government  of  the  American  Student," 
1892.  "The  Argument  for  Revealed  Religion  from  'Constant  Tendency,'  " 
"Refd.  Quarterly,"  1893.  "Dishonesty  of  Heresy,"  "Refd.  Quar.,"  1893. 
"Recollections  of  President  Noah  Porter,"  "Bib.  Sac,"  1894.  "Is  Adapta- 
tion Possible  Without  Design?"  "Bib.  Sac,"  1894.  "The  Spirit  of  the 
Higher  Criticism,"  "Refd.  Quarterly,"  1894.  "The  A'Pnori  Proof  for  the 
Existence  of  God,"  "Presby.  Refd.  Rev.,"  1894.  "Gladstone's  Edition  of 
Butler,"  "Bib.  Sac,"  1896.  "Gladstone's  Studies  in  Butler,"  "Refd.  Quar.," 
1896.  "Gladstone's  Butler,"  "Book  Rev.,"  1895.  "Last  Days  of  Glad- 
stone," "Presb.  and  Refd.  Rev.,"  1897.  "Irrationality  of  Doubt,"  "Refd. 
Quar.,"  1897.  Art.  on  William  E.  Gladstone,  "Independent,"  1896. 
"Biog.  of  President  Woolsey,"  "Bib.  Sac,"  1897.  "Vicarious  Suf- 
fering: The  Order  of  Government  in  Nature,"  "Presb.  and  Refd. 
Rev.,"  1897.  "Creation:  The  Transmutation  of  Energy,"  "Bib.  Sac,"  1898. 
"The  Inconsistency  of  Doubt,"  "Refd  Quart.,"  1898.  "Induction  Correlated 
to  the  Symptote,"  "Refd.  Quarterly,"  1S99.  "The  Platonic  Idea  Illus- 
trated by  the  Composite  Photograph,"  "Meth.  Rev.,"  1900.  "Miracles  in 
Scripture  Have  a  Scientific  Counterpart,"  "Refd.  Quart.,"  1900.  "Char- 
acter Sketch  of  President  W.  P.  Johnston,"  1900.  "The  Passage  from 
Mind  to  Matter,"  "Bib.  Sac,"  1901.  "Nature,  an  Organized  System," 
"Refd.    Quar.,"    1901.    "Higher    Criticism,    Suicidal,"   "Bib.    Sac,"    1901. 


390  THE    MINISTRY. 

"Divine  Sovereignty  Adjusted  to  Human  Freedom,"  "Refd.  Quar.,"  1901. 
"Theodicy,"  "Bib.  Sac,"  1901.  "Logical  Proof  of  Immortality,"  "Meth. 
Rev.,"  1901.  Funeral  Orations:  Gov.  Ludlow,  Judge  Scott,  Rev.  V.  B. 
Carroll,  Katharine  Weston,  Peter  Cortelyou.  Also  many  other  articles  in 
the"  papers  and  reviews.  Many  of  the  review  articles  also  printed  sepa- 
rately. 

Cooper,  John  R.,  b.  1827 ;  lie.  by  Seceders,  64 ;  Clarkstown  and  Hempstead, 

65-86.  Died  1887. 
Cornelison,  John,  b.  at  Nyack,  1769;  studied  under  H.  Meyer  and  Living- 
ston, lie.  by  the  Synod  of  R.D.  Ch.,  1791  ;  Miss,  in  Northern  and  West- 
ern States,  1791-93.  Bergen  and  English  Neighborhood,  1793-1806,  vis- 
ited the  Settlements  on  the  Delaware  and  Susquehanna  (Hanover), 
1794,  Bergen,  1806-28;  d. 
He  commenced  his  ministerial  course  full  of  the  ardor  of  youth,  a  noble 
zeal  for  the  glory  of  God,  and  an  anxiety  for  the  souls  of  men.  He  was  a 
man  of  meekness,  of  simplicity  in  manner,  of  godly  deportment,  and  fer- 
vent in  prayer.  He  was  much  beloved,  not  only  by  his  own  people,  but  by 
all  the  fathers  and  brethren  in  the  ministry.  There  was  something  in  his 
speech  and  manner  which  won  the  reverence,  regard,  and  affection  of  all. 
His  ministry  was  marked  by  the  gradual  progress  of  the  Spirit's  work 
among  his  people,  though  in  1818  he  had  a  special  revival.  He  took  a 
warm  interest  in  all  the  just  then  budding  enterprises  of  the  day.  He  was 
also  a  warm  friend  of  the  Theological  School  at  New  Brunswick.  His  re- 
proofs were  spoken  with  kindness  and  tempered  with  affection.  He  took 
much  interest  in  the  colored  people,  many  of  whom  were  slaves,  opening  a 
special  service  for  them  in  his  own  house.  He  formed  them  into  classes, 
teaching  some  of  them  to  read,  and  also  filling  their  minds  with  Gospel 
truths.  For  some  time  before  his  death  he  lost  the  use  of  his  faculties 
and  was  cut  off  from  all  intercourse  with  his  family  and  friends.  A  brain 
fever  deprived  him  of  his  senses.  But  it  pleased  God  a  few  hours  before 
his  decease  to  resuscitate  his  powers  and  to  enable  him  to  utter,  in  a  short 
but  impressive  manner,  his  clear  prospects  and  joyful  hopes.  He  blessed 
all  his  children  and  his  wife,  and  addressed  a  short  exhortation  to  each. 
He  then  said,  in  a  low  voice :  "Lord  Jesus,  receive  my  departing  soul  into 
Thine  arms.  I  bless  and  thank  Thee,  O  Lord!  for  Thy  faithfulness  and 
goodness  to  me.  Thou  hast  never  left  me  nor  forsaken  me.  Thou  hast 
guided  me  gently  and  safely  over  the  journey  of  life.  Thou  hast  not  per- 
mitted me  to  wander  from  Thee.  And,  O  my  Saviour  !  Thou  wilt  not  leave 
me  in  the  last  conflict— in  these  my  last  moments !  .  .  .  Into  Thy  hands 
I  commend  my  departing  soul."  And  then  he  gently  fell  asleep.— "Mag.  R. 
D.  C,"  iii,  32,  34- 

Cornelius,  Simon  (Hindoo),  Arcot  Sem.  1896;  laboring  as  an  evangelist 
in  India,  1896 

Cornell,  Frederick  Frelinghuysen  (s.  of  John  Cornell),  b.  at  Allentown, 
N.  J.,  Nov.  16,  1804;  C.N.J.  25,  P.S. ;  1.  Presbyt.  Newtown,  29;  Pro- 
fessor of  Languages  in  College  of  Mississippi,  Natchez,  28-9,  Miss,  at 
Stuyvesant.    three   months,   29.    at    Columbiaville,   29-31,    Marshalville. 


THE    MINISTRY.  391 

31-2,  Montville,  33-6,  N.  Y.  C.  Manhattan  Ch.,  36-56  (Pluckemin 
Presbyt.,  56-64,  w.  c.)  ;  d.  1875,  Aug.  7.  D.D.  by  U.C.,  1866. 
In  early  childhood  he  enjoyed  all  the  advantages  of  a  cultured  Christian 
home.  He  assisted  his  father  in  the  English  department  in  the  Somer- 
ville  Academy.  He  became  the  subject  of  grace  in  1822,  in  the  great  revival 
at  Somerville.  He  was  early  distinguished  for  his  filial  love,  his  mother 
often  declaring  that  he  was  her  great  comfort.  The  main  and  most  ser- 
viceable part  of  his  ministry  was  at  Manhattanville,  N.  Y.  C.  He  there 
devoted  himself  earnestly  to  ministering  among  the  masses.  He  went  from 
house  to  house  among  the  poor,  visiting  the  sick,  often  at  the  risk  of  his  own 
lffe  from  contagious  diseases,  and  burying  their  dead,  by  whomsoever 
solicited.  When  he  retired  from  this  field  he  was  comparatively  broken 
down  and  sought  rest  in  Somerville.  As  he  had  been  a  faithful  son,  so 
he  was  an  affectionate  husband  and  a  kind  father,  creating  an  atmosphere  of 
love  in  his  home  which  made  it  ever  a  delightful  abode. 

Cornell,  James  Alexander  Hervey  (s.  of  John  Cornell),  b.  at  Allentown, 
N.  J.,  Aug.  29,  1818;  R.C.  38,  N.B.S.  41,  1.  CI.  N.  B. ;  Westerlo,  41-43, 
New  Baltimore,  43-45,  New  Baltimore  and  Coeymans,  45-48,  Syracuse, 
48-51,  Raritan,  3d,  51-56,  Sec.  Bd.  Education,  56-61.     Financial  Sec.  of 
General   Synod,   69-73 ;   Coeymans,   73-79,    vv.   c.     Died  Aug.   20,    1899. 
D.D.  by  C.N.J.,  1858. 
He  came  of  ministerial   stock  on  both   sides.     He   was   an  earnest  and 
spiritual  preacher.     When  about  to  preach  for  the  first  time  in  the  place 
which  became  his  first  charge,  he  found,  after  leaving  the  steamboat  at 
Albany,  that  he  and  a  fellow  passenger  had  exchanged  satchels,  and  his 
sermons   were  gone.     On   Sunday  morning  he  got   along  very  well  on  a 
sermon  which  he  had  memorized  in  the  seminary,  and  with  which  the  peo- 
ple were  much  pleased.     They  insisted  on  his  preaching  before  an  audi- 
ence in  a  union  church   in  the  afternoon,   and  he  found  it  impossible  to 
excuse  himself.     He  drew  up  an  analysis  of  another  sermon  as  a  guide,  and 
upon  attempting  to  use  it  he  found  his  thoughts  did  not  come  for  amplifica- 
tion as  he  had  hoped,  and  in  two  or  three  minutes  he  had  read  through  his 
entire  analysis  as  written.     As  he  drew  near  the  end  of  his  notes  he  felt 
that  he  must  do  something,  and  he  stepped  aside  from  the  desk  and  launched 
out  on  his  subject,  and  delivered  a  most  eloquent  sermon  which  completely 
captivated  the  audience,  and  he  was  at  once  called  unanimously. 

In  the  Board  of  Education  for  five  years,  he  did  an  excellent  work.  His 
appeals  were  very  successful. 

But  the  work  for  which  he  will  be  especially  remembered  was  that  which 
he  accomplished  for  the  fuller  endowment  of  the  seminary  at  New  Bruns- 
wick, N.  J.  The  necessity  of  a  Professorship  of  Pastoral  Theology  and 
Sacred  Rhetoric  had  long  been  felt.  A  committee  had  had  this  subject 
before  them  for  several  years,  but  no  very  earnest  attempt  had  been  made 
until  1864.  It  was  then  determined  to  attempt  to  increase  the  old  Perma- 
nent Professorial  Fund  of  the  three  professors  and  found  the  new  Pro- 
fessorship. Just  then  the  Rev.  Dr.  Nicholas  E.  Smith  offered  to  give 
$40,000  for  the  increase  of  the  old  funds,  if  the  churches  would  raise  as 


392  THE   MINISTRY. 

much  more  for  the  new  professorship.  There  was  also  a  condition  that  the 
salaries  of  all  the  professors  should  be  made  up  to  at  least  $2,500.  The 
three  professors,  Drs.  Woodbridge,  Berg,  and  De  Witt,  attempted  to  raise 
this  amount.  Dr.  De  Witt  was  especially  zealous  and  successful  in  his 
efforts.  In  1865  Dr.  Smith  gave  his  bond  for  $40,000,  and  as  about  the  same 
amount  had  been  subscribed  and  a  considerable  portion  paid  in,  the  Synod 
resolved  at  once  to  establish  the  fourth  professorship.  The  writer  well 
remembers  the  discussion  in  the  Synod,  in  the  old  First  Church  of  New 
Brunswick,  on  this  subject.  The  more  prudent  business  men  advised 
against  the  action  until  the  cash  was  in  hand.  But  the  younger  element 
prevailed  and  carried  the  day.  Dr.  Smith  paid  interest  on  his  bond  for  twb 
years.  Then  the  oil  investments  in  which  he  was  interested  failed  and  he 
was  obliged  to  ask  Synod  to  release  him  from  his  obligation.  A  newly 
constituted  committee  was  now  authorized  to  employ  a  financial  agent  to 
secure  moneys  for  endowment  and  for  buildings.  It  was  at  this  juncture 
that  the  invaluable  services  of  Dr.  Cornell  were  secured  by  the  committee. 
He  threw  his  whole  heart  into  the  work.  He  felt  that  it  was  a  position 
of  rare  influence,  and  that  a  singular  opportunity  was  offered  him  of  doing 
much  for  the  church. 

We  cannot  go  into  all  the  details  of  his  efforts.  He  very  soon  secured 
the  gift  of  $40,000,  subsequently  increased  by  $20,000,  from  his  friend,  James 
Suydam.  The  moneys  previously  raised  by  the  professors,  with  the  proceeds 
of  the  sale  of  the  college  by  the  Synod  to  the  trustees,  went  into  the  three 
professorial  residences,  1865-7.  But  Synod  in  1869,  after  the  beginning  of  Dr. 
Cornell's  success,  made  him  their  own  financial  agent.  He  quickly  induced 
Messrs.  Suydam  and  Sage  to  buy  the  house  on  George  street  for$i8,ooo  for  a 
residence  for  Dr.  Berg,  who  had  previously  lived  in  the  east  wing  of  the  col- 
lege, and  subsequently  in  a  residence  of  his  own  on  Easton  avenue.  Mr. 
Suydam  soon  consented  to  build  the  hall  called  by  his  name,  at  an  expense 
of  about  $86,000,  in  1873,  while  after  several  unsuccessful  attempts  Mr. 
Sage  was  induced  to  build  the  library  called  after  him,  at  an  expense  of 
about  $65,000,  in  1875.  Mr.  Suydam  also  left  $20,000  for  the  care  of  Suy- 
dam Hall;  another  $20,000  for  the  general  care  of  the  grounds;  while  Mr. 
Sage  left  $35,000  for  the  support  and  maintenance  of  the  Sage  Library, 
$20,000  for  the  purchase  of  books,  and  $25,000  for  the  maintenance  and 
support  of  Hertzog  Hall.  He  also  left  $50,000  by  will  for  the  Hebrew 
Professorship.  Dr.  Cornell  also  secured  sixteen  subscriptions  of  $2,500 
each  toward  the  purchase  of  books  for  the  Sage  Library.  This,  with  some 
other  subscriptions  and  interest,  amounted  in  all  to  about  $60,000,  spent 
between  1875  and  1885  in  the  purchase  of  books  by  the  committee  appointed 
by  the  Synod  for  that  purpose. 

During  the  four  years  that  Dr.  Cornell  was  the  financial  secretary,  by  his 
peculiar  ability  and  methods  he  completely  revolutionized  the  financial  con- 
dition of  the  seminary,  by  adding  considerably  more  than  half  a  million  to 
its  resources,  in  endowments,  buildings,  and  books,  although  only  $110,000 
of  this  amount  became  available  for  the  salaries  of  professors.  When  the 
Committee  on  the  Centennial  Volume  of  the  Seminary  was  laboring  to 
make  that  volume  as  complete  as  possible,  some  of  them  sought  a  meeting 


THE    MINISTRY.  393 

with  Dr.  Cornell,  and  he  was  kind  enough  to  display  his  memoranda  before 
them,  which  were  largely  utilized  in  making  up  certain  parts  of  that  volume. 
The  church  is,  therefore,  wonderfully  indebted  to  Dr.  Cornell,  and  his  name 
will  ever  occupy  a  large  and  important  place  in  her  progress  and  history. 
See  also  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1900,  891.  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  of  R.C.," 
1900,  10. 

Cornell,  John,  b.  at  Northampton,  Pa.,  1774;  studied  under  Livingston,  1. 
CI.  N.  Y.,  1798  (Allentown  and  Nottingham,  Presbyt,  1800-21),  Prin- 
cipal of  Academies  at  Somerville,  1821-8,  and  at  Millstone,  1828-35;  d. 
:  He  pursued  his  classical  studies  at  the  Log  College,  Pa.,  completing  them 
with  Dr.  Wilson,  in  New  York  City.  During  his  pastoral  charge  at  Allen- 
town  he  was  highly  respected  as  an  amiable  and  faithful  teacher  of  the 
Gospel.  During  his  latter  years,  an  impaired  state  of  health  having  com- 
pelled him  to  withdraw  from  stated  public  duties,  he  removed  to  Somer- 
ville, and  subsequently  to  Millstone,  where  he  finally  died.  In  both  of  these 
places  he  devoted  himself  sedulously  to  the  instruction  of  youth,  numbering 
among  his  pupils  several  who  became  prominently  useful  in  the  ministry 
and  the  other  learned  professions.  Though  born  and  educated  in  the  Re- 
formed Church,  his  active  ministry  was  spent  wholly  in  the  Presbyterian. 
He  was  again  connected  with  the  Reformed  while  conducting  his  classical 
academy.  As  an  instructor  he  was  marked  by  great  thoroughness  and 
ability,  President  Lindsley  testifying  that,  of  all  the  students  who  came  to 
Princeton,  none  were  better  prepared  than  those  who  came  from  under 
his  care. 

He  was  also  a  man  well  read  in  divinity.  He  possessed  a  clear  and  dis- 
criminating mind  and  a  sound  judgment,  and  was  firmly  attached  to  the 
great  doctrines  of  grace.  In  the  pulpit  he  appeared  with  great  respectabil- 
ity, and  his  sermons  were  instructive,  methodical,  and  impressive.  He  was 
very  brief  and  accurate  in  his  style,  calm  but  impressive  in  his  delivery, 
with  a  voice  soft  but  far-reaching.  On  the  bed  of  sickness  he  found  effect- 
ual consolation  in  the  truths  which  he  had  preached,  expressing  his  entire 
reliance  in  Christ,  as  the  rock  of  his  salvation.* 

*He  married  Miss  Maria  Frelinghuysen,  daughter  of  Gen.  Frederick  Frel- 
inghuysen, a  lady  of  great  amiability  and  eminent  piety.  Her  bright  example 
was  invaluable,  and  her  presence  always  inspired  pleasure  and  comfort.  In 
her  the  poor  and  suffering  lost  a  friend,  and  the  Church  of  Christ  a  burning 
light.  Her  mind  was  naturally  vigorous  and  strong.  She  was  characterized 
by  unwearied  faithfulness,  by  kindness  of  manner,  by  a  patience  and  serenity 
of  disposition  that  were  peculiarly  her  own.  She  was  accurate  in  her  percep- 
tions and  judgment,  and  at  all  times  a  wise  and  discreet  counselor.  She,  more- 
over, deeply  realized  the  obligations  which  her  position  in  life  imposed  upon 
her.  Before  her  family,  she  beautifully  exemplified  the  excellence  of  the 
principles  of  the  Gospel.  The  path  of  duty  under  her  government  was  strewed 
with  flowers,  and  virtue  and  religion  were  made  attractive.  But  her  charity 
was  too  large  to  be  restricted  within  such  narrow  limits.  It  made  the  whole 
world  of  mankind  her  brethren  and  sisters.  The  hut  of  poverty  was  often 
cheered  by  her  presence.  She  loved  to  commune  with  the  children  of  affliction 
and  sorrow,  and  lead  them  to  the  great  source  of  consolation  and  peace.  In 
the  house  of  mourning  she  was  always  at  home.  She  had  clear  conceptions 
of  the  plan  of  salvation,  yet  ever  had  a  pungent  sense  of  her  condition  as  a 
sinner,  sometimes  almost  feeling  ready  to  conclude  that  all  past  experience 
was  delusive.  Yet  she  neglected  no  opportunity  of  advancing  the  kingdom  of 
Christ,  and  was  rewarded,  at  length,  with  perfect  assurance  of  faith. 


394  THE    MINISTRY. 

Cornell.  Win.,  b.  in  Seneca  Co.,  N.  Y..   [834;  R.C.  59,  N.B.S.  62,  lie.  CI. 

Geneva;  Minisink,  62-3,  teaching  at  Freehold,  N.  J.,  63  (Woodstown. 

X.  J.,  Presbt,  64-8),  teaching  at  Somerville,  N.  J.,  6876;  d.  Sept.  11. 

See  "Biog.  Diet.  X.  J."  p.  331. 
Cornell,  Wm.  Augustus.     R.C.  [841,  N.B.S.  44.  1-  CI.  N.  B. :  Athens.  44-88 

Blooming  Grove,  48-52.    Died  Aug.  1876. 
Conui.   Edward.     X.B.S.  1872,  1.  CI.  N.  B. ;  Stanton,  72-6,   Gilboa,  76-9, 

Presbyterian. 
Cort,   Cyrus,   b.   Greensburg,    Pa.,   Mar.    15,    1834;    Franklin   and   Marshall 

Coll.  Pa.,  60,  Mercersburg  Sem.  Pa.,  62,  lie.  by  CI.  Westmoreland,  Pa., 

62;  ord.  by  same,  63  (in  Refd.  Ger.  Ch.,  Altoona,  63-8,  Mt.  Alto,  Pa.. 

68-70,  Henry  Sem.,  Henry  City,  111.,  70-3,  Vinton.  la.,  73-7.  Maquoketa, 

la.,  77-8,  Columbus  Junction,  la.,  78-80,  Leighton,  la.,  80-1),  Pella,  2d, 

80-1    (Greencastle,  Pa.,  81-93,  Wyoming,  Del.,  and  Ridgely,  Md.,  93-6, 

Sabillasville,  Md.,  96-1901.) 
Publications:  "Col.  Henry  Bouquet  and  Campaigns  of  1763-4."  "Enoch 
Brown  and  Scholars,  Massacred  by  Indians,  July  26,  1764."  "Memorial  of 
Peter  Minim,"  read  before  the  Delaware  General  Assembly,  1895. 
"Michael  Schlatter,  Our  Reformed  Ancestry,"  1895.  Many  articles  in 
"Refd.   Church  Review.''  magazines  and  papers,  religious  and  secular. 

Corwin,  Charles  Edward  (son  of  Edward  T.  Corwin),  b.  Sept.  7,  1868,  at 
Millstone,  N.  J.;  R.C.  92,  N.B.S.  95,  lie.  by  CI.  of  New  Brunswick; 
Cuddebackville,  N.  Y.,  95-7,  Greenport,  Columbia  Co.,  N.  Y.,  1897 

Publication.^  :  "Development  of  the  History  of  the  Doctrine  of  the 
Atonement,"  "Refd.  Ch.  Monthly,"  July-Oct.,  1896.  "Social  Evolution:  A 
Digest."  "Refd.  Ch.  Monthly,"  Jan.,  1898.  "Song  of  Songs,"  "Horn. 
Monthly,"  Nov.,  1900.  "Onesimus,  Christ's  Freedman :  A  Tale  of  the 
Pauline  Epistles,"  121110,  pp.  332,  1899.  Articles  and  editorials  in  "Ch. 
Int." 

Corwin,  Edward  Tanjore,  b.  in  N.  Y.  C,  July  i_\  r834;  Coll.  of  City  of 
New  York.  S3-  N.B.S.  56,  1.  CI.  Bergen;  Resident  Graduate  at  N.B.S. 
56-57,  Paramus,  57-63,  Hillsborough  (Millstone),  63-88;  also  Instructor 
in  Hebrew  and  O.  T.  Exegesis  in  N.B.S.,  Nov.,  83-May,  84;  Rector  of 
Hertzog  Hall,  88-95;  Instructor  in  Heb.  and  O.  T.  Exegesis,  Jan.-Mar., 
89.  Jan.  and  Feb.,  90,  Sept.,  90-May.,  91;  Instructor  in  N.  T.  Exegesis, 
Jan. May.  92;  Greenport,  Columbia  Co.,  N.  Y.,  95-97;  General  Synod's 
Agent  in  Holland,  for  collecting  ecclesiastical  documents  relating  to 
America.  Aug.  21,  97-Nov.  13,  98;  editing  the  said  ecclesiastical  docu- 
ments   (as  well  as  others  obtained  by  J.  Romeyn   Brodhead  in  1841-4). 

for  the  state  of  New  York,  July,  1899 D.D.  by  R.C.  1872;  President 

of  General  Synod,  1891. 

Publication.-:  "Recollections  of  Prof.  John  Ludlow":  In  Ludlow 
Memorial.  1S57.  ".Manual  and  Record  of  Church  of  Paramus."  1858;  2d 
edition,  enlarged,  pp.  108,  1859.  "Manual  of  Refd.  Prot.  Dutch  Ch.  in 
N.  A.,"  pp.  1''''.  1859.  "Farewell  Sermon  at  Paramus."  1863.  Sermon  on 
Death  of  President  Lincoln :  "In  Lincolniana,"  1865.     "The  Millstone  Cen- 


THE    MINISTRY.  395 

tennial,"  pp.  113,  1866.  "Manual  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America," 
2d  edition,  with  plates,  pp.  400,  1869.  "The  Corwin  Genealogy,"  pp.  315, 
1872.  Editor,  with  Rev.  Dr.  T.  W.  Chambers  and  James  Anderson,  M.D., 
of  "The  Centennial  Discourses,"  1876.  "Character  and  Development  of 
the  Reformed  Church  During  the  Colonial  Period,"  in  "Centennial  Dis- 
courses," pp.  66,  1876.  Index  to  second  edition  of  same,  pp.  30,  1877.  Ar- 
ticle "Education  in  the  Reformed  Church,"  in  "Cyc.  of  Education,"  1877. 
"Manual  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America,"  3d  ed.,  plates,  pp.  676,  1879. 
"History  of  Hillsborough  and  Franklin  Townships,  Somerset  Co.,  N.  J.," 
with  many  biographical  articles  in  "History  of  Hunterdon  and  Somerset 
Counties,  N.  J.,"  1880.  "Exposition  of  S.S.  Lessons,"  in  "Christian  Intel- 
lingencer,"  1880.  "Twentieth  Anniversary  Sermon,"  at  Millstone,  N.  J.,  Dec. 
30,  1883:  1884.  Editor,  with  Rev.  Drs.  D.  D.  Demarest  and  P.  D.  Van 
Cleef,  of  "Centennial  of  the  Theological  Seminary  at  New  Brunswick,  N.  J., 
1884,"  1885.  Preface,  Table  of  Contents,  and  much  of  the  Appendix  of 
said  "Centennial,"  together  with  "The  Centennial  Catalogue  and  Index," 
1885.  "The  Historical  and  Doctrinal  Relations  of  the  Reformed  German 
and  the  Reformed  Dutch  Churches  in  America" :  An  address  at  a  Confer- 
ence on  Union,  in  Philadelphia,  Ap.  3,  4,  1888.  Articles  in  "Concise  Dic- 
tionary of  Religious  Knowledge"  on  Refd.  Ch.  in  America;  on  Church 
Union;  on  Vows,  etc.,  1889.  "Recollections  of  Rev.  Dr.  Wm.  H.  Camp- 
bell," in  "Campbell  Memorial,"  1894.  "The  History  of  the  Reformed 
Church  in  America,"  in  "American  Church  History  Series,"  vol.  viii,  1895. 
"The  Amsterdam  Correspondence" :  A  paper  read  before  the  American 
Church  History  Society,"  Dec,  1896;  in  vol.  viii  of  their  "Proceedings," 
1897;  also  published  separately.  Article  on  "Krankbesoeckers,"  or  "Com- 
forters of  the  Sick,"  in  "Collegiate  Church  Year-Book,"  1897,  p.  486. 
Article  on  "The  Reformed  (Dutch)  Church,"  in  "Progress,"  July,  1898; 
by  University  Association,  Chicago,  111.  Letters  from  Holland  on  "The 
Ecclesiastical  Archives  of  Holland,"  in  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  Sept., 
1897-Nov.,  1898.  "De  Hollandsche  Kerk  in  Amerika,"  in  "Troffel  en 
Zwaard"  (Trowel  and  Sword),  Utrecht,  1898.  Abstract  of  Report  of  Gen- 
eral Synod's  Agent  on  his  "Searches  in  the  Ecclesiastical  Archives  of  Hol- 
land, 1897-8,"  1898.  "History  of  the  New  Brunswick  Theological  Semi- 
nary," in  "Dr.  David  Murray's  History  of  Education  in  N.  J.,"  1899.  A 
"General  Ecclesiastical  History  of  Columbia  County,  N.  Y.,  on  Occasion 
of  the  60th  Anniversary  of  the  Church  of  Greenport,  N.  Y.,"  1896;  pub- 
lished by  Hendrick  Hudson  Chapter,  Daughters  of  the  American  Revolu- 
tion, 1900.  Address  before  the  Presbyterian  Historical  Society,  Dec.  18, 
1899,  on  "Recent  Ecclesiastical  Researches  in  Holland,"  in  "Journal  of 
Presbyt.  Hist.  Soc,"  Dec,  1901.  "Original  Documents  on  the  Colonial 
Ecclesiastical  History  of  New  York  and  New  Jersey,"  vols,  i  and  ii,  1620- 
1700,  now  in  press;  published  by  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  New  York, 
under  the  direction  of  the  State  Historian,  Hon.  Hugh  Hastings.  (To  be 
followed,  probably,  by  four  more  volumes,  1701-1800.)  Contributions  to 
the  press. 

Cotton,  Geo.  Hai.e,  b.  South  Bend,  Ind.,  Oct.  12,  1857;  Western  Coll.  la.; 
lie  by  Conf.  of  United  Brethren,  Toledo.  la.,  83;  preaching  in  Toledo 


396  THE   MINISTRY. 

Circuit,  83;  supplied  R.  D.  C.  Salem,  S.  D.,  84-5,  S.S.  Linden,  N.J., 
86-9;  N.B.S.  89,  supplied  Middle  Collegiate,  N.  Y.  C,  89-91;  ord.  by  CI. 
N.  Y.,  91,  Schraalenberg,  Jan.,  1892 

Publications  :  "An  Easter  Sermon."  A  few  other  sermons.  Hist. 
Ser.  at  Centennial  of  Building  Church  of  Schraalenberg,  1901. 

Cough Camp,  177. . —  178. .,  died. 

Courtney,  Robt.  Wm.,  R.C.  1899,  N.B.S.  1902. 

Cox,  Henry  Miller,  b.  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  July  5,  1854;  R.C.  76,  N.B.S.  79, 
1.  CI.  N.  B. ;  South  Bergen,  N.  J.,  79-82,  Herkimer,  N.  Y.,  82-90,  High 

Bridge,  N.  Y.  C,  90-9,  Prospect  Hill,  N.  Y.  C,  1901 

Publications  :  Sermon  on  Death  of  Pres.  Garfield,  in  "Garfield  Mem. 
Vol.,"  Jersey  City,  1880.  "Hist.  Refd.  Ch.  Herkimer,"  1886.  Address  at 
Funeral  of  Gen.  F.  E.  Spinner,  1891.  Sketches  of  Foreign  Travel,  in 
"Herkimer  Citizen,"  1889.  Sermons  and  contributions  to  the  press.  "Rec- 
ollections of  Gen.  Spinner,"  in  "College  and  School,"  Utica,  Ap.,  1890. 

Cozine,  Cornelius,  b.  on  Long  Island,  Nov.  4,  1718.     About  1751  he  removed 
to  New  Jersey.     In  1762  he  was  living  in  Somerset  Co.,  N.  J.     Pos- 
sibly he  was  a  preacher  before  he  left  L.  I.;  Conewago,  Pa.,  1784-8. 
Craig,  Horace  P.,  b.  at  Centreville,  N.  J.,  1845;  N.B.S.  75,  lie.  CI.  Phila- 
delphia; Locust  Valley,  June   16.  75-80,  Coeymans,  80-91,   N.  and  S. 

Hampton,  1891 

Crane,  Josiah  E.,  b.  Fair  Oaks,  N.  Y.,  Ap.  27,  1853;  R.C.  81,  N.B.S.  84, 1. 
CI.  Philadelphia;  Rocky  Hill,  84-92,  Schodack  Landing,  92-6,  Wurts- 

boro,  1896 

Cranmer,  Wm.  Stockton,  b.  Barnegat,  N.  J.,  Dec.  19,  1858;  R.C.  82,  N.B.S. 

85,  1.  CI.  Bergen;  Astoria,  L.  I.,  85-93,  Somerville,  1893 

Publications  :     Addresses,  sermons,  hymns. 
Craven,  Elijah  Richardson,  b.  Washington,  D.  C,  Mar.  28,   1824;  C.N.J. 
42,  P.S.  48,  lie.  by  Presb.  of  Baltimore,  47;  ord.  by  CI.  N.  B.,  Feb.  27, 
50;  Raritan,  2d  (Somerville),  N.  J.,  50-4  (Newark,  3d  Presbyt.,  54-87; 

Sec.  Presbyt.  Bd.  Pub.  and  S.S.  Work,  1887 D.D.  by  C.N.J.,  1859. 

LL.D.  by  L.C.,  1890.     Moderator  of  General  Assembly,  1885. 
Publications  :     Numerous  review  and  newspaper  articles.     Part  of  the 
Am.  additions  to  "Lange's  Commentary  on  John."    All  of  the  Am.  addi- 
tions to  "Lange's  Commentary  on  the  Book  of  Revelation." 

Crawford,  John  B.,  b.  at  Crawford,  N.  Y.,  1814;  R.C.  36,  N.B.S.  39.  1-  CI. 
Orange;  Middletown  Village,  Nov.  1839-Oct.,  40;  d.     See  "Manual," 

1879. 
Crispell,  Cor.  Eltinge,  b.  in  Marbletown,  N.  Y.,  Mar.  14,  1820;  R.C.  39, 
N.B.S.  42,  1.  CI.  N.  B. ;  Piermont,  42-47,  Linlithgo,  47-57.  Schoharie, 
57-63,  Rector  of  Grammar  School,  New  Brunswick,  1863-66,  also  Prof, 
of  History  in  Rutgers  College,  63-66.  Prof,  of  Nat.  Philosophy,  Mathe- 
matics and  Astronomy  in  Hope  Coll.  66-7,  Prof,  of  Didactic  and 
Polemic  Theology  at  Hope  College,  67-79,  Spring  Valley,  N.  Y., 
1879 .     D.D.  by  R.C.  1867. 


THE   MINISTRY.  397 

Publications  :     "Hist,  of  West.  Theolog.  Sem.,"  in  "Corwin's  Manual," 
1879,  pp.  123-8.     "Hist,  of  Theolog.  Instruction  in  the  West,"  in  "N.  B. 
Sem.  Centennial,"  pp.  171-180.    Arts,  on  "Constitutional  Amendments,"  in 
"Ch.  Int."  and  pamphlet  form. 
Crispell,  Peter,  b.  Hurley,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  6,  1862;  R.C.  84,  N.B.S.  87,  1.  CI. 

Kingston;  Warwick,  N.  Y.,  87-94,  Utica,  N.  Y.,  1894 

Crocker,  Asahel  B.,  b.  at  Cambridge,  N.  Y.,  1813 ;  U.C.  39,  P.S.  42,  1. 
Presbyt.  Troy;  Glenville,  2d,  42-8  (Eastern,  N.  Y.,  Congreg.),  48-1850. 
Died. 

Crolius,  Peter  B.,  b.  N.  Y.  C,  1837;  Coll.  C.  N.  Y lie.  CI.  L.  I.,  Dec, 

70;  Guttenberg,  Oct.  15,  72-4,  Kerhonksen,  75-1879;  d. 
Crosby,  Arthur,  b.  N.  B.,  N.  J.,  Ap.  10,  1847;  R.C  68,  N.B.S.  and  U.S.  70, 

lie.  CI.  Poughkeepsie ;  Presbyterian.     See  "U.  S.  Gen.  Catalog." 
Crosby,  Howard,  b.  in  N.  Y.  C,  Feb.  27,  1826;  N.Y.U.  44,  lie.  by  N.  Berk- 
shire Assoc.  Mass.,  59;  reed,  as  a  licentiate  by  CI.  N.  B.,  Oct.  16,  60, 
dismissed  to  Presbyt.  of  N.  B.,  Ap.  16,  61 ;  Prof,  of  Greek  in  N.Y.U., 
50-9,  Prof,  of  Greek  Lang,  and  Lit.  in  R.C.  60-3  (New  Brunswick,  1st 
Presb.,  61-3,  N.  Y.  C,  4th  Av.  Presbyt,  63-1891 ;  d.  March  29).    S.T.D. 
by  Harvard,  T859.     LL.D.  by  C.C.,  1872. 
See  "Biog.  Notices  of  Rutgers  Coll.  Grads.  and  Professors,"  1891,  12. 
Crousas,  Jean  S.,  Sayville,  L.  I.,  1888-90. 

Cruikshank,  John  C,  b.  Nov.  16,  181 1,  at  Salem,  Washington  Co.,  N.  Y.; 
U.C.  34,  N.B.S.  37,  lie.  by  CI.  of  L.  I. ;  Hyde  Park,  37-43,  Hurley,  43-50' 
Little  Falls,  50-68,  w.  c.  Died  Nov.  12,  1859. 
He  was  the  child  of  godly  parents,  and  in  early  life  enjoyed  the  benefit  of 
a  thorough  religious  training,  which  influenced  and  controlled  him  in  his 
whole  after  life.  The  study  of  God's  Word  was  ever  his  delight,  and  his 
proficiency  therein  made  him  an  able  Bible  expositor.  His  deep  and  in- 
tense interest  in  educational  matters  soon  brought  him  into  prominence, 
and  in  August,  1867,  he  was  appointed  Superintendent  of  Schools  in  Pas- 
saic County,  N.  J.  This  office  he  filled  for  more  than  twenty-five  years, 
and  with  such  efficiency  and  acceptability  as  to  merit  the  title  Doctor  of 
Science,  which  was  conferred  on  him  by  Rutgers  College  in  1891.  After 
resigning  his  pastoral  charge  to  engage  in  educational  work,  he  continued 
to  preach  until  failing  eyesight  rendered  it  unsafe  for  him  to  travel  alone. 
He  was  tall,  erect,  and  commanding  in  form,  while  his  long  white  hair, 
falling  down  upon  his  shoulders,  gave  him  a  patriarchal  appearance.  In 
intellect  he  was  mighty;  in  address  genial  and  hearty.  He  was  an  eloquent 
preacher.     See  also  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1900,  892. 

Publications  :  "Oration  at  Burial  of  Col.  Duncan,"  1849.  "Errors  of 
Lossing's  Field  Book  and  Eager's  Hist.  Ulster  Co.,"  1852.  Address  before 
Passaic  Co.  Inst,  on  "Perseverance,  Energy,  and  Decision  of  Purpose  in  the 
Cause  of  Education,"  1863.  "Hist,  of  Schools  in  Passaic  Co,"  Centennial 
Exh.,  1876.  "Annual  Reports  of  Pub.  Schls.  of  Passaic  Co.,"  1868-76. 
Cruikshank,  Wm.  (brother  of  John  C),  b.  at  Salem,  N.  Y.,  Mar.  12,  1798; 
U.C.  1821,  N.B.S.  24,  1.  CI.  N.  B. ;  Flatlands  and  New  Lots,  25-34,  New- 
burgh,  35-38,  S.S.  Mamakating,  49-54;  d.     See  "Manual,"  of  1870. 


THE    MINISTRY. 


Cruikshanks,  James,  b.  Haddington,  Scotland.  [828;  Y.C.  54.  And.  Scm.  56 
(South  Maiden,  Mass. ;  Spencer,  N.  Y. ;  serving  in  the  Christian  Com- 
mission of  the  Army)  ;  Metuchen,  1882-7.     Died  June  3.  1889. 
Cummings,  Lawrence  P.,  Manhattan,  N.  Y.  C,  1870-2. 
Cunningham,  Samuel  Robert,  b.  Antrim,  Ireland,  Sept.  30,  1857;  Temple 
Coll.  Philadelphia,  Pa..  88,  N.B.S.  91,  lie.  CI.  N.  B. ;  Colts  Neck,  91- 

1901,  Ponds,  N.  J.,  1901 

Currie.  Robt.  Ormiston,  b.  1806;  R.C.  29,  Rector  of  N.  B  Gram.  Schl.  30-1, 
N.B.S.  34,  1.  CI.  N.  B.;  New  Utrecht,  35-1866;  d.     See  ".Manual,"  of 
1S70. 
|'i  11  i,  vtions:     "Memoir  of  Rev.  Geo.  A.  Shelton,  Rector  of  St.  James 
Parish,  Newtown,  L.  I.,"  1865. 

Curtenius.  Antonius.  b.  at  Drenthe,  Neths.,  1698;  matriculated  at  University 
of  Groningen,  Oct.  4,  1724,  as  a  student  of  theology ;  matric.  at  Leyden 
University,  Aug.  23,  1725,  as  a  student  of  theology,  being  26  years  old. 
Ordained  by  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  Oct.  3,    1729.     Arrived   in   New 
York,  Oct.  24,  1730;  Hackensack,  1730-7;  Hackensack  and  Schraalen- 
berg,  1737-55;  also  supplying  Paramus  occasionally,  1737-48;  Brooklyn, 
Flatlands,  Bushwick,  Flatbush,  New  Utrecht,  and  Gravescnd,   1755-6; 
died. 
The  first  reference  to  him  in  the  "Minutes  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam" 
is  on   Oct.  4,   1728,   which  reads:    Anthony  Curtenius  exhibited  his  testi- 
monials before  Classis,  and  preached  on  Mat.  3,  2,  and  requested  to  be  re- 
ceived inter  commendatos,  for  churches  in  foreign  lands.     This  was  granted 
him.     A  year  later  the  call  from  "Akkinsak"  was  put  in  his  hands,  and  he 
again  preached  before  Classis  on  Ps.  2,  12,  and  was  ordained,  on  Oct.  3, 
1729.     He  did  not  arrive  in  New  York  until  Oct.  24,  1730,  and  the  next  day 
began  his  labors  in  Hackensack.     His  call  also  stipulated  that  he  should 
preach  at  Schraalenberg,  but  he  did  not  want  to  take  so  large  a  burden  on 
himself;  but  just  then  the  churches  of  Schraalenberg  and  Paramus  had  an 
opportunity  to  call  Rev.  G.  W.  Mancius  from  Caatsban,  as  appears  from  a 
letter  of  the  Consistory  of  Hackensack,  without  date,  but  soon  after.     After 
referring  to  the  arrival  of  Curtenius  they  say:  "As  Domine  Curtenius  was 
belter  satisfied  with  serving  Hackensack  alone,  instead  of  undertaking  the 
labor  involved  in  such  a  proposed  union,  and  as  an  opportunity  was  offered 
to  the  i-  ople  of  Schraalenberg  and  Pereemes  to  call  Domine  Mantius,  who 
is  also  an  able  teacher,   from  the  German  congregation  near  Catskill,  this 
was  done.     We  arc  happy,  therefore,  now  to  inform  your  reverences,  that 
Domine    Mantius    is    already    settled   at    Schraalenberg    (he    was    installed 
there   Sept.   19,   1 73 1 ) ,   while  Domine   Curtenius  serves   us   at    Hackensack 
alone  in  the  duties  of  pastor  and  teacher,  to  the  full  satisfaction  of  all  and 
to  the  edification  of  many.     There  is  also  great  friendship  with  the  people 
of  Schraalenberg  and   Paramus." 

Curtenius  was  pastor  at  Hackensack  when  those  difficulties  began  which 
have  now.  for  nearly  a  century  and  a  ball,  distracted  the  religious  com- 
munities of  Bergen  County,  N.  J.  The  origin  of  these  difficulties  is  some- 
what obscure,  yet  their  general  nature  can  be  understood.    (Goetschius,  J. 


THE    MINISTRY.  399 

H.,  Jr.)  Another  minister  was  called,  as  a  colleague,  after  Mr.  Curtenius 
had  preached  in  his  charges  for  eighteen  years.  This  may  have  been  partly 
on  account  of  the  excessive  labor,  and  partly  on  account  of  the  disaffection 
of  some  toward  Domine  Curtenius,  who,  perhaps,  was  not  very  popular. 
Yet  the  latter  installed  Mr.  Goetschius  as  his  colleague.  They  were,  more- 
over, both  members  of  the  Coetus,  although  when  Coetus  proposed  turning 
itself  into  a  Classis,  in  1753,  Curtenius,  with  several  others,  became  the 
bitter  opponent  of  the  Ccetus.  The  elders  and  deacons  of  his  charge  seem 
to  have  been,  without  exception,  inimical  to  Curtenius.  He  was  not  treated 
by  them  with  the  deference  which  was  his  due,  they  not  even  consulting 
him  in  important  business  matters.  He  often  preached  without  a  single 
one  of  them  in  their  places. 

Yet  he  had  his  friends,  and  the  year  after  he  left  Hackensack  (1756), 
having  been  called  by  the  party  of  Arondeus  on  Long  Island  to  succeed  that 
troublesome  man,  his  party  at  Hackensack  and  Schraalenburgh  had  them- 
selves organized  into  new  and  independent  consistories.  This  service  was 
done  by  Domine  Haeghoort,  of  Second  River  (1756).  The  new  organiza- 
tions now  called  John  Schuyler,  of  Schoharie,  to  succeed  Curtenius.  Mr. 
S.  had  been  ordained  to  the  ministry  in  this  country,  indeed  (but  by  ex- 
press direction  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam),  in  1736,  by  Domines  Erickson 
and  Haeghoort.  He  had  been  a  member  of  Ccetus  from  its  origin,  but  now 
against  their  wishes  took  charge  of  these  new  organizations,  and  was  cen- 
sured by  them  for  it.  Coetus  seems  to  have  hoped  that  the  separation  would 
not  continue.  But  the  committee  of  Ccetus  who  imposed  the  censure, 
namely,  T.  Frelinghuysen,  Verbryck,  Fryenmoet,  and  J.  Leydt,  were  prose- 
cuted for  it.  But  the  division  was  made,  and  continues,  with  all  its  unhappy 
influences  and  sins,  to  this  day.  Yet  Curtenius  seems  to  have  been  a  mild 
and  prudent  man.  Says  his  obituary :  "He  was  remarkable  for  his  inde- 
fatigable diligence  in  the  ministrations  of  his  office.  His  actions  in  all  the 
affairs  of  life  have  ever  been  accompanied  with  the  strictest  rules  of  justice, 
so  that  none  could  with  more  propriety  claim  the  title  of  a  preacher  and 
sincere  Christian,  which  not  only  his  morals  manifested,  but  his  happy 
death."  A  funeral  eulogy  on  him  was  printed  in  New  York  by  H.  Goelet. — 
"Amst.  Cor.,"  "Taylor's  Annals."  The  remnants  of  the  old  secession  re- 
cently joined  the  "Christian  Reformed  Church"  of  the  West ;  while  some  of 
the  seceder  churches  have  become  Presbyterian. 

Curtis,  Mattoon  Monroe,  b.  Westmoreland,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  19.  1858 ;  Ham.  C. 

80.    U.T.S.    83;   ord.    by    CI.    Westchester;    Hastings-on-Hudson,    83-5 

(Cleveland,    O.    (Presb.),   85-8,   Prof,   of   Philosophy,   West.    Reserve 

University,  Cleveland,  O.,  1891 )    Ph.D.  by  Univer.  of  Leipsic,  1890. 

Cushing,  David,  b.  1801  ;  N.B.S.  31,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia;  S.S.  Walpack,  31-2, 

Kinderhook,  2d,  34-5  (Lockport,  N.  Y.,  and  Portsmouth,  O.,  55-1849). 
Cussler,  Henry  Charles,  b.  Shelburne  Falls,  Mass.,  Dec.  2,  1866;  R.C.  93, 

N.B.S.,  96,  1.  CI    Greene;  Free  Refd.  Ch.  Jersey  City,  96-1901,  Buffalo, 

Lafayette  Ave.,  1901 

Cuyler,  Cornelius  C,  b.  in  Albany,  1783;  U.C.,  1806,  studied  under  Bassett 

and  Livingston,  1.  CI.  Schenectady,  1808;  Poughkeepsie,  1809-33  (Phila- 


4<X>  THE    MINISTRY. 

delphia  Presbyt.,  iS33-May,  50)  ;  d.  Aug.  31,  1850.     Elected  a  trustee  of 
R.  C.  1827.     D.D.  by  U.C.  1828. 

His  strength  and  agility  of  body  in  early  life  were  great.  The  necessity 
of  self-reliance  early  developed  his  faculties.  The  result  was  that  at  twen- 
ty-five years  of  age  he  had  the  maturity  which  many,  no  less  gifted  by  na- 
ture, do  not  attain  till  a  much  later  period.  As  a  man.  he  was  confiding, 
friendly  and  social  to  an  unusual  degree.  With  all  his  delightful  tenderness 
were  united  great  boldness  and  manliness  of  natural  intellect  and  patience 
and  heroism  of  heart. 

His  Christian  character  was  adjusted  in  fine  proportions.  The  ascetic, 
the  superstitious,  the  fanatical,  or  the  harsh  had  in  him  no  place.  Humble 
before  God,  he  was  courteous  but  not  servile  before  man.  A  lover  of  peace, 
he  made  no  man  an  offender  for  a  word.  His  faith  bordered  not  on  pre- 
sumption, and  yet  it  was  firm.  His  love  to  God's  people  was  strong  and 
self-sacrificing. 

As  a  public  servant  of  the  Lord  Jesus  he  was  entitled  to  great  veneration. 
He  ever  held  fast  the  form  of  sound  words,  but  he  did  not  rest  in  a  heart- 
less orthodoxy.  He  held  that  it  was  good  to  be  zealously  affected  in  a 
good  cause.  He  was  greatly  successful  in  winning  souls  and  in  edifying 
believers.  During  the  first  two  years  of  his  ministry,  two  hundred  were 
united  to  his  church,  and  he  was  favored  with  three  other  large  revivals 
in  his  first  charge.  While  there,  he  refused  calls  to  some  of  the  most  im- 
portant positions  in  the  country,  rejoicing  in  the  affectionate  confidence  of  a 
pious  and  devoted  people.  He  received  at  three  different  communion  sea- 
sons respectively  sixty-nine,  eighty  and  eighty-eight  individuals,  at  one 
time  baptizing  twenty-nine  adults  on  a  single  occasion.  When  he  took 
charge  at  Poughkeepsie,  there  were  only  about  fifty  communicants,  and  there 
were  added  during  his  ministry  nearly  a  thousand.  In  Philadelphia,  he  re- 
ceived about  three  hundred.  His  ministerial  and  pastoral  duties  were  ever 
pursued  with  unwearied,  assidious  and  punctual  devotedness. — Funeral 
Address  by  Rev.  W.  S.  Plumer.    "McClintock's  Cyc.' 

Publications  :  "Whose  Children  Are  Entitled  to  Baptism,"  1816. 
"Charge  to  Dr.  Milledoler  When  Installed  Prof,  of  Theology,"  1825.  "Let- 
ters, Mag.  R.D.C.,"  iii,  253,  292,  330.  "Discourse  on  Death  of  Rev.  Dr.  G. 
R.  Livingston."  1834.  "Decline  of  Revivals,"  1834.  "Believer's  Sojourn 
on  Earth  and  Expectation  of  Heaven,"  1836.  Art,  in  "Sprague's  Annals" 
on  Dr.  S.  S.  Woodhull.  "Signs  of  the  Times,"  a  vol.  of  discourses.  1839. 
"Evidences  of  a  Gracious  State."  Tract  17,  Vol.  3,  of  Presbyt.  Tracts. 
See  "Princ.  Rev.,"  1840. 

Cuyler,  Theodore  Ledyard.  b.  Aurora,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  10.  1822;  C.N.J.  41,  P.S. 
46;  lie.  Presb.  of  Philadelphia  (S.S.  Burlington,  N.  J.,  1846;  ord. 
Evang.  47;  Trenton,  3d.  1849-53);  N.  Y.  C.  Market  St.,  1853-60 
(Brooklyn,  Park  St.,  Presb.  1860-1900.)     See  "Schaff-Herzog.  Cyc." 

Publications:  About  4.000  articles  for  the  leading  religious  papers  of 
American  and  Europe.  "Stray  Arrows."  1852.  1880.  "The  Cedar  Chris- 
tian," 1858,  1861.  "The  Empty  Crib,"  1868.  "Heart  Life,"  1871.  "Thought 
Hives,"  1872.     "Printed  Papers  for  the  Christian  Life,"  1879.     "From  the 


THE   MINISTRY.  401 

Nile  to  Norway,"  1881.  "God's  Light  on  Dark  Clouds,"  1882.  "Wayside 
Sayings  from  the  Fountain  of  Life,"  1883.  "Right  to  the  Point,"  1884. 
"Lafayette  Ave.  Ch.,"  1885.  "Beulah  Land,"  1900.  In  all  he  has  pub- 
lished 19  books. 

Dahlmann,  John  J.   W.     From   Presbytery  of  Nassau    (Melrose,    1861-3, 

Philadelphia,  G.R.  63-5)  5  R.D.C.  1865. 
Dailey,  William  N.  P.,  b.  Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  July  28,  1862;  U.C.  84, 

Hartford  Sem.  87,  lie.  by  Presbyt.  of  Utah  (Presbyt.  Miss,  in  South 

Utah,  87-90)  ;  Albany,  3d,  90-97,  Athens,  N.  Y.,  1st,  97-1901. 
Daille,    Pierre,   born    at   Chatteleraut,    France,    1649;    Prof,   of   Theology, 

School  of  Saumur,  1679-82;  French  Reformed  Ch.,  N.  Y.  C,  1683-96; 

supplied  New  Paltz,  Staten  Island  and  other  French  chs.,  occasionally, 

1683-92,  and  itinerated  among  them  constantly,  1692-6;  Boston,  School 

St.,  French  Refd.  1696-1715;  d.  May  20. 

He  was  the  first  regular  Huguenot  pastor  in  New  York.  He  was  a 
relative  of  Jean  Daille,  author  of  "The  Apology  for  the  Reformed 
Churches"  (b.  1594,  d.  1670),  who  was  one  of  the  best  scholars  and  theo- 
logians of  his  day.  Michaelius  and  Drisius  had  already  preached  to  the 
French  in  New  York  and  Staten  Island  and  a  few  others  had  officiated 
occasionally  (New  York,  French  Ch.),  but  Daille  was  called  by  the  N.  Y. 
Consistory  for  this  express  object.  Banished  from  France  in  1682,  he  had 
gone  first  to  Holland  and  then  to  England,  where  he  had  consented  to  re- 
ceive Episcopal  ordination,  but  this  did  not  hinder  his  call  by  the  Dutch 
Consistory.  (Baird  says  he  came  over  under  the  auspices  of  the  Bishop  of 
London;  church  was  Presbyterian  in  government.)  He  came  with,  or  soon 
after,  Selyns,  who  calls  him  his  colleague.  Selyns  wrote  to  Increase 
Mather,  at  Boston,  in  May,  1683,  and  refers  to  Daille  and  Van  Zunren  as 
his  fellow-laborers.  Daille  had  become  Professor  of  Theology  at  Saumur 
in  1679.  This  was  one  of  the  four  great  Protestant  Schools  of  France.  It 
was  destroyed  by  order  of  Louis  XIV  in  1683.  Its  course  of  instruction 
was  very  complete.  In  Oct.,  1683,  Selyns  writes  to  the  Classis  of  Amster- 
dam:  "Domine  Peter  Daille,  late  Professor  at  Salmurs  (Saumur),  has 
become  my  colleague.  He  is  full  of  fire,  godliness  and  learning.  Banished 
on  account  of  his  religion,  he  maintains  the  cause  of  Jesus  Christ  with 
untiring  zeal."  Besides  officiating  in  New  York,  in  the  Fort  (used  by  the 
French  and  Episcopalians,  through  the  courtesy  of  the  Dutch),  whither 
came  the  scattered  Huguenot  families,  more  or  less  frequently  from  Staten 
Island,  yet  twice  a  year  he  visited  New  Paltz  and  occasionally  the  other 
French  settlements.     He  was  the  Apostle  of  the  French  in  America. 

There  was  a  division  caused  in  his  widely  extended  congregation,  much 
to  his  sorrow,  by  Rev.  Laurentius  Van  den  Bosch,  a  Huguenot  pastor,  who 
came  from  Boston  about  1686,  and  started  independent  French  services  on 
Staten  Island  and  at  Kingston.  (Vanden  Bosch.)  About  the  same  time 
there  was  a  great  influx  of  Huguenots  to  New  York  on  account  of  the 
Revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes,  1685,  and  Pastor  Peiret  started  a  new 
congregation  and  a  French  church  was  built  on  Marketfield  street  for  them 
in  1688.     The  older  French  colonists  had  worshipped  in  the  Fort,  the  Dutch. 


402  THE    MINISTRY, 

English  and  French  taking  turns  on  Sunday.  But  the  introduction  of 
Papal  rites  in  the  Fort  by  Governor  Dongan,  J683,  must  have  made  it  a  dis- 
tasteful place  for  Huguenots,  especially,  and  as  the  Dutch  were  now  build- 
ing a  church  in  Garden  street,  these  French  worshippers  in  the  Fort  united 
with  the  new  Huguenot  congregation  in  their  new  edifice  in  1692.  For  the 
next  four  years,  Daille  itinerated  almost  continually,  1692-6. 

He  fell  under  the  displeasure  of  Governor  Leisler  in  1692.  Disapprov- 
ing of  his  violent  measures,  he  "went  to  the  commander  and  exhorted  him 
to  meekness;"  but  both  he  and  Peiret  were  abused  by  Leisler  and  threat- 
ened with  imprisonment.  Nevertheless  Daille  subsequently  tried  to  pre- 
vent Leisler's  execution.  Upon  the  arrival  of  De  Bon  Repos,  who  took 
charge  of  the  French  on  Staten  Island  and  at  New  Paltz,  and  in  response 
to  a  call  from  Boston,  Daille  removed  thither.  The  'Boston  News-Letter" 
has  the  following  notice  of  his  death :  "On  Monday  morning  last,  the  20th 
current,  Dyed  here  the  Reverend  Mr.  Peter  Daille,  Pastor  of  the  French 
Congregation,  aged  about  66  years.  He  was  a  Person  of  great  Piety,  Char- 
ity, affable  and  courteous  Behaviour,  and  of  an  exemplary  Life  and  Con- 
versation, much  Lamented,  especially  by  his  Flock."  (See  Rev.  C.  W, 
Baird's  Monograph  on  Daille  in  "New  Hist.  Mag.,"  vol.  i.  The  article  was 
also  printed  separately.  Baird's  "Hist,  of  Huguenot  Emigration  to  Ameri- 
ca," ii,  236.  Also  "Doc.  Hist.  N.  Y."  (4to  ed.),  ii,  297,  iii,  70;  "Col.  Hist 
N.  Y.,"  iii,  651  ;  "Mass.  Col.  Hist.,"  ii,  52;  "Drake's  Hist,  of  Boston"  and 
the  "Du  Bois  Reunion."  Also  "Daille  Jean"  in  "McClintock's  Cyc."  "Col- 
lections of  Huguenot  Society,  New  York,"  vol.  i. 

Dangremond,  Arthur  C.  V.,  H.C.  1899,  N.B.S.  1902. 

Dangremond,  George  C,  H.C.  1895,  N.B.S.  98,  East  Williamson,  1898 

Dangremond,  Gerrit,  b.  Prov.  of  Overisel,  Neths.,  Feb.  5,  1839;  H.C.  1866, 
W.T.S.  69,  1.  CI.  Holland;  Hamilton,  Mich.,  69-73  (Cong.,  Mattewan 
and  Fremont,  Mich.,  73-79),  South  Haven  and  Twin  Lakes,  79-84, 
Detroit,  84-85.  East  Saugatuck.  85-89,  Hospers  and  Le  Mars,  Iowa. 
89-95,  Arcadia,  N.  Y.,  1895 ;  English  and  Dutch. 

Daniel,  John,  (Hindoo),  Arcot  Sem.  1896;  acting  as  an  evangelist  in 
India,  1896 

Danncr,  Julius  Le  Moyne,  b.  Logan,  O.,  1842,  Beloit  Coll.  63,  U.S.  67; 
N.Y.C.  Union,  6th  Ave.,  69-71,  Paterson,  N.  J.,  1st,  81-1891 ;  for  fur- 
ther details,  see  "U.  S.  Cat." 

Dater,  Henry,  b.  Ramsay,  N.  J.,  Feb.  5.  1827;  R.C.  47,  N.B.S.  50,  L  CI. 
Paramus;  Branchville,  50-54,  Hyde  Park,  54-77,  w.  c.  Died  Oct.  19, 
1899.  See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1900,  894;  "Biog.  Notices,  Grads.  of 
R.  C,"  1900,  19. 

Darrach,  W.  B.,  Kerhonksen.  N.  Y.,  1885-6,  w.  c.  86-1893. 

Davenport,  Jerome  A.  N.B.S.  1847,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Miss,  to  Thousand  Isles. 
47-50,  Miss,  to  Wisconsin,  1854,  Episcopalian. 

David,  J.  I.  (Hindoo),  Arcot  Sem.,  1898.  Acting  as  an  evangelist  in  India, 
1898 

Davie.  J.  T.  M.  From  Presbyt.  North  River,  ,1853 ;  Flatlands,  53-61 ;  d. 
1862. 


THE    MINISTRY.  403 

Davis,  George,  Peapack,  1888-93,  Marbletown,  N.  Y.,  1893-1901,  Attorney  for 
Anti-Saloon  League,  1901. 

Davis,  John  A.,  b.  Oct.  28,  1839,  at  Flatbush,  Ulster  Co.,  N.  Y. ;  R.C.  65, 
N.B.S.  68,  1.  CI.  Ulster;  ord.  as  an  Evangelist,  Sept.,  68;  visiting  the 
churches  for  For.  Bd.  68-9,  voyage  to  China,  Jan.  9-March,  69,  Amoy, 
69-70,  voyage  to  America,  Oct. -Nov.  70,  in  service  of  Bd.  F.M.  70-2, 
Palisades,  Jan.  72-3,  Pottersville,  73-8,  Oyster  Bay,  78-83,  Newark,  2d, 
83-9  (Presb.,  Hempstead,  L.  I.,  89-93,  Nyack,  93-97)  ;  died  Sept.  24. 

He  had  devoted  himself  to  the  work  of  Foreign  Missions  and  was  ac- 
cepted by  the  Foreign  Missionary  Board  of  the  Reformed  (Dutch)  Church 
and  ordained  to  this  end.  After  visiting  the  churches  for  several  months, 
he,  with  his  wife,  sailed  for  China  and  began  their  missionary  labors  at 
Amoy.  But  in  less  than  two  years  his  failing  health  required  their  return 
to  the  United  States,  in  the  autumn  of  1870.  Then  again  he  served  the 
Board  in  earnestly  seeking  to  develop  the  missionary  spirit  among  the 
churches,  and  hoping  the  way  might  be  opened  to  return  to  the  field  of  his 
life  work,  to  which  he  had  given  himself.  But  it  was  not.  However,  his 
missionary  zeal  did  not  abate.  It  was  manifest  in  his  future  life,  especially 
in  his  warm  interest  in  the  Interdenominational  Missionary  Conferences. 
He  did  much  to  sustain  them  by  his  presence,  counsels  and  vivid  reports 
of  their  proceedings.  He  was  a  ready  linguist  and  had  excellent  command 
of  his  mother  tongue.  He  possessed  fluency  and  affluence  combined,  which 
rendered  him  an  instructive  and  entertaining  speaker  in  the  pulpit  and  on 
the  platform.  This  was  also  apparent  in  his  frequent  articles  for  the  press. 
They  discovered  much  vivacity  and  pertinence  of  a  practical  nature.  «He 
held  a  useful  pen  in  his  declarations  of  truth  and  righteousness.  He  further 
became  the  author  of  several  small  volumes  designed  practically  for  the 
young.  They  were  begotten  in  his  heart,  chiefly  from  his  personally  ac- 
quired knowledge  of  the  Chinese.  Socially  Mr.  Davis  was  genial  and  very 
cheerful.  He  sought  to  infuse  his  best  life  into  others  for  helpfulness.  His 
versatile  genius  and  ardent  ministerial  life  of  about  thirty  years  were  spent 
usefully  in  the  service  of  his  Lord  and  Master.  Through  the  benevolence 
of  a  friend  of  Mr.  Davis  many  theological  students  were  helped  while 
prosecuting  their  studies,  aggregating  several  thousand  dollars.  See  "Biog. 
Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,"  1898,  23. 

Publications  :  "The  Chinese  Slave  Girl."  "Leng  Tso,  the  Chinese 
Bible  Woman."  "Chohh  Linn,  the  Chinese  Boy  Who  Became  a  Preacher." 
"The  Young  Mandarin."  "Tom  Bard."  "The  Flaw  in  the  Iron." 
"Upton."    "Rescue  the  Drunkard,"  etc.    He  published  14  vols,  in  all. 

Davis,  Joseph  Page  (son  of  Wm.  P.  Davis),  b.  Guilderland,  N.  Y.,  Nov. 
9,  1859;  U.  C.  81,  N.B.S.  84,  1.  CI.  Schenectady;  Bethlehem.  1st,  84-6, 
Albany,  3d,  86-1887;  d.  April  16.     See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.."  1887,  437. 

Davis,  Lyman  E.,  b.  Perrysburg,  O.,  Dec.  28,  1854;  Nebraska  Univ.  1  year; 
Adrian  Coll.  77  \  lie.  by  Ohio  Conf.,  Meth.  Epis.  Ch.  1878  (Cong.  Chs., 
Middletown,  Albany;  Meth.  Chs.,  Brooklyn,  Tarrytown,  Pittsburg); 
Fort  Miller  and  Northumberland,  1896-7,  w.  c. 

David,  Titus  Elwood  (brother  of  John  A.  Davis),  b.  Flatbush,  Ulster  Co., 


404  THE    MINISTRY. 

N.  Y.,  April  15,  1851;  R.C.  74,  N.B.S.  77,  I  CI.  Ulster  (Fairmount, 
N.  J.,  77-80,  Schagticoke,  N.  Y.,  80-7,  Valatia,  N.  Y..  88-90,  Bound 

Brooks,  N.  J.,  00 All  Presbyterian). 

Publications:     "The   Master's   Call,"   1880.     "First  Houses   of  Bound 

Brook,"   1895.     "Battle  of  Bound  Brook,"   1896.     "From   New  Jersey  to 

California,"  1897. 

Davis,  Wesley  Reid,  b.  in  Maryland,  1844;  Wesleyan  University,  Middle- 
town,  Ct.,  1868  (settled  in  Meth.  Chs.,  Baltimore,  Brooklyn,  Harlem)  ; 
Albany,  2d,  1880-8,  Brooklyn  Heights,  1888-93,  w.  c. 

Davis,  Wm.  E.  (s.  of  Wm.  P.  Davis),  b.  at  Princetown,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  18, 
1845;  R.C.  68,  N.B.S.  71,  1.  CI.  Schenectady;  North  Hempstead,  71-9, 
Branchville,  79-83,  Lebanon,  1883 

Publications:  "Thanksgiving  Sermon  at  Manhasset,"  1875.  "Funeral 
Sermon  of  Mrs.  Eliza  Onderdonk,  Manhasset,"  1876.  "Life  and  Ministry 
of  Rev.  Wm.  Pitcher,  South  Branch,"  1883.  "Why  Liquor  Should  Not  Be 
Sold  in  Lebanon,"  1897. 

Davis,  Wm.  Page,  b.  at  Ware,  Mass.,  Sept.  6,  1806;  U.C.  33;  studied  the- 
ology one  year  with  President  Nott;  two  years  with  Dr.  Beman,  of 
Troy,  N.  Y.   (supplying  Hamilton,  Union  and  Bethlehem   (Presbyt.), 
1834-43),  Princetown,  N.  Y.,  43-8,  Helderberg,  48-52,   Coeymans  and 
New  Baltimore,  52-6  (S.S.,  Rochester  and  Vienna,  Wis.,  Presbyt.  six 
months  in  1856),  Helderberg,  56-70,  Rotterdam,  2d,  71-5,  Lawyersville, 
77-84 ;  died  Jan.  7,  1894. 
The  natural  dignity,  the  genial  manner,  the  strong  character  and  the  warm, 
earnest  Christian  devotion  of  Brother  Davis  made  him  much  beloved  by  all 
who  knew  him.     With  a  very  warm  heart,  a  deep  love  for  his  Saviour,  a 
clear  apprehension  of  the  blessed  Gospel  and  a  consuming  passion  for  souls, 
he  had  also  a  native  and  a  fairly  cultivated  talent  of  expression,  which  made 
him  always  forcible  and  sometimes  eloquent.     Everywhere  his  labors  were 
fruitful  in  winning  souls  and  edifying  the  body  of  Christ.     He  had  his  share 
of  the  trials  and  sorrows  of  life  and  of  the  pastorate,  but  he  had  also  the 
abundant  joys  of  the  servants  of  Christ.     One  joy  filled  his  heart  and  was 
the  unbounded  satisfaction  of  his  age.     He  was  permitted  to  welcome  into 
the  blessed  work  of  the  ministry  two  sons,  the  Revs.  William  E.  and  Joseph 
P.  Davis    (one  of  these  went  home  before  him),  a  son-in-law,  the  Rev. 
Henry  Ward,  and  a  grandson,  the  Rev.  William  Davis  Ward.     See  "Mints. 
Gen.  Syn.,"  1896,  216. 

Dawson,  Edward,  b.  Walden,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  10,  1871 ;  R.C.  98.  N.B.S.  1901, 
1.  CI.  Orange;  West  Hoboken,  N.  J.,  1901 

Dean  Artemus,  b.  at  Cornwall,  N.  Y.,  1824 ;  A.C.  1842,  A.S.  1848,  lie.  by 
Andover  Assoc.  1848;  ord.  by  Ecc.  Council  in  Vt.  1849  (Johnson,  Vt., 
1849-51,  Newbury,  Vt.,  1851-7),  Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  1858  (Greenfield, 
Mass.,  1861-6,  Westboro,  Mass.,  1867-9,  all  Cong.  Chs.),  Owasco  Outlet, 
1873-5,  High  Bridge,  1875-85,  Palisades,  1894- 1900,  w.  c. 

De  Baun,  Isaac  J.,  b.  1836,  1.  by  Seceders,  i860;  Montville.  1861-5,  Para- 
mus,  1868-75;  died  1895. 


THE   MINISTRY. 


405 

De  Baun,  John  A.,  b.  in  Rockland  Co.,  N.  Y.,  1833;  R.C.  52,  N.B.S.  55, 
1.  CI.  Paramus ;  Oyster  Bay,  55-8,  Niskayuna  and  Lisha's'  Kill,  58-81,' 
Niskayuna,  81-3,  Fonda,  83-1900;  d.  June  22.  D.D.  by  U  C  1877 
Pres.  of  Gen.  Synod  1880. 

He  was  consecrated  to  the  ministry  from  his  birth.  He  was  in  pastoral 
work  for  45  years,  although  he  only  served  in  three  pastorates,  in  each  of 
which  he  won  the  affections  of  his  people.  He  was  the  personal  friend  and 
confidant  of  young  and  old.  Few  men  ever  came  into  the  lives  of  others 
as  did  he.  In  his  preaching  he  was  didactic  rather  than  emotional,  and  yet 
so  large-hearted  that  abstract  doctrine,  as  stated  by  him,  glowed  with  life 
and  light.  He  was  a  careful  and  painstaking  student,  and  although  familiar 
with  the  results  of  criticism,  he  was  conservative.  None  of  these  things 
moved  him,  but  he  built  on  the  foundation  of  the  Word  of  God  and  was 
thoroughly  loyal  to  revealed  truth.  The  secret  of  his  power  was  in  his 
magnificent  spiritual  personality,  as  well  as  in  his  large  and  varied  attain- 
ments. He  was,  however,  no  ascetic,  but  a  man  among  men,  cheerful, 
genial,  saintly.  The  inner  sanctuary  of  his  home  was  consecrated  by  the 
purest  affection.  He  was  prominent  in  all  church  councils  where  his  calm, 
deliberate  judgment  and  the  wisdom  of  his  counsel  were  always  recognized 
and  had  telling  weight.  He  served  on  many  of  the  committees  looking  to- 
ward Church  Union  or  Federation,  especially  on  those  relating  to  the  Ger- 
man Church.  See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1901,  1230.  "Biog.  Notices  of 
Grads.  R.C.,"  1901,  8. 

Publications  :  "Hitherto  Hath  the  Lord  Helped  Us,"  1862.  "Plea  and 
Plan  for  Presbyt.  Unity,"  "Princeton  Rev.,"  1865.  "A  Neglected  Point  in 
Morals,"  "Evang.  Repository  and  United  Presb.  Rev.,"  1866.  "Exegesis 
of  Rom.,"  8:  19-23;  ditto,  1866.  "Sermon  on  Character  and  Consumma- 
tion of  Christian  Love,"  1862.  "Memorial  Sermon  on  Joseph  Stanford," 
1873.  "Memorial  Sermon  on  Elder  A.  V.  P.  Lansing,"  1875.  "Hist. 
Sketch  of  Chs.  of  Niskayuna  and  Lisha's  Kill,"  1876.  "Sermon  on  Benevo- 
lence Before  Gen.  Synod,"  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  1878.  "Letters  from  Europe,"  in 
"Ch.  Int."  and  Schenectady  "Daily  Union,"  1878.  "Sermon  at  the  Funeral 
of  Rev.  Henry  Raymond,"  1879.  "Sketch  of  Rev.  Dr.  A.  B.  Van  Zandt," 
in  "Centennial  of  New  Brunswick  Sem.,"  p.  456. 

De  Baun  John  Y.,  b.  in  Rockland  Co.,  N.  Y.,  1827 ;  1.  by  the  Seceders,  1856 ; 
Ramapo  and  Hempstead,  1856-60,  Hackensack  and  English  Neighbor- 
hood, 1860-75,  Hackensack,  75-87,  Grand  Rapids,  87-92,  Leonia,  N.  J., 
92-5;  d. 
De  Beer,  J.,  Immanual  Ch.  Belmont,  Iowa,  1895-8,  Baileyville,  111.,  98-1900, 

Zoar  and  Washington  Chs.  at  Ackley,  Iowa,  1900 

De  Beer,  J.  B.,  Forreston,  1867-70,  Grand  Haven,  1870-2,  Cleveland,  1872-4, 

Parkersburgh,  Iowa,  1874-80. 
De  Bey,  Bernardus,  b.  in  Drenthe,  Neths.,  Oct.  10,  1816;  c.  to  America, 
68;  Chicago  (Hoi.),  68-91,  Emeritus.    Died  Feb.  9,  1894. 
His  preparation  for  the  ministry  was  wholly  private,  but  under  able  in- 
structors.   He  was  pastor  at  Middlestum,  Groningen,  for  twenty-four  years. 
He  was  a  superior  Latin  and  Greek  scholar  and  a  proficient  in  Hebrew  and 


406  THE   MINISTRY. 

in  Systematic  Theology.  In  Holland  he  had  been  a  long  time  one  of  the 
Board  of  Examiners  in  the  Theological  School  of  Kampen.  As  a  preacher 
he  was  profoundly  evangelical  in  thought  and  very  effective  in  manner ;  in 
ministerial  plans  and  work  he  was  thoroughly  practical.  He  came  to 
America  as  a  friend  of  Dr.  Van  Raalte,  with  a  large  Holland  colony,  at- 
tracted by  the  fertile  farming  lands  of  Michigan  and  Illinois. 

His  perfect  familiarity  with  the  history  and  elements  of  the  Holland 
Church  at  home  and  here,  his  solid  personal  character  and  the  high  regard 
in  which  he  was  held  by  all,  excited  strong  hope  that  he  might  be  blessed  to 
the  healing  of  the  ecclesiastical  divisions  among  his  countrymen.  This  hope 
was  not  realized,  but  his  coming  was  greatly  blessed  to  the  First  Church  of 
Chicago,  of  which  he  became  pastor.  Very  feeble  when  it  received  him  in 
1868,  it  grew  under  his  twenty-three  years  of  care  to  very  great  strength. 
Beginning  in  a  little  chapel,  it  now  has  an  imposing  house  of  worship. 
Beginning  with  small  numbers,  it  long  ago  became  an  immense  congre- 
gation, and  has  become  the  parent  of  three  other  flourishing  churches. 
"Mints.  Gen.  Synod,"  1894,  219. 

De  Bey,  Dirk  John,  b.  Drenthe,  Neths.,  Feb.  22,  1851 ;  H.C.  79,  N.B.S.  82, 
1.  CI.  Wisconsin;  Clymer  (Abbe  Ch.),  82-8,  Gibbsville,  Wis.,  88-96, 
Grand  Rapids,  2d,  96-1900,  Holland,  Neb.,  1900 

De  Bruyn,  J.  A.,  Pastor  Elect,  Paterson,  6th,  1885. 

De  Bruyn,  Peter,  b.  at  Zeeland,  Mich.,  Oct.  24,  1850;  H.C.  70,  H.S.  73,  1. 
CI.  Holland;  Rochester,  1873-91,  Grand  Haven,  1891-97;  d.  May  18. 

His  parents  were  among  the  earliest  Holland  immigrants  to  Western  Michi- 
gan. His  father  was  an  elder  in  the  church  and  a  teacher  in  the  village 
school  at  Zeeland.  The  son's  youth  was  spent  in  that  place  and  in  Holland, 
whither  his  parents  removed.  Springing  from  sturdy  pioneer  stock,  he  was 
imbued  with  the  spirit  of  the  early  Dutch  settlers.  As  a  citizen  and  noble 
Christian  worker  he  endeared  himself  to  all  by  his  life  and  a  conscientious 
discharge  of  his  many  duties.  Unassuming  and  reliable,  he  met  every  duty 
and  sorrow  courageously,  devoting  himself  to  the  Christian  education  of 
those  with  whom  he  had  to  do.  He  was  most  highly  esteemed  as  a  man 
with  pure  motives,  high  ideals  and  irreproachable  character.  As  a  pulpit 
orator  it  is  claimed  that  he  had  few  superiors.  He  was  equally  gifted  in 
the  Holland  and  English  languages.  His  sermons  and  addresses  were  con- 
vincing and  models  of  logic.  His  bearing  before  an  audience  kept  the  at- 
tention of  his  hearers.  He  was  a  most  kindly  man  and  his  work  among  his 
parishioners  most  effective.  The  Consistory  of  his  first  charge  at  Rochester 
expressed  great  gratitude  for  his  labors  in  establishing  their  church.  The 
church  he  served  in  Grand  Haven  is  one  of  the  largest  in  the  State.  He 
witnessed  a  remarkable  growth  in  its  membership  and  during  his  pastorate 
many  improvements  were  made.  He  was  Secretary  of  the  Western  Social 
Conference.  His  urbane  and  gracious  presence  was  a  great  delight  to  his 
brethren.  Interested  in  all  matters  pertaining  to  the  church,  his  contribu- 
tions whether  prepared  or  spontaneous,  were  always  suggestive  and  help- 
ful.    "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1897,  773- 


THE   MINISTRY.  4°7 

•Decker,  Floyd,  b.  Flatbfookville,  N.  J.,  Sept.  28,  1869;  R.C.  98,  N.B.S. 
1901,  1.  CI.  N.B.,  Keyport,  1901 

Decker,  Henry  E.  W.C.  1854,  N.B.S.  1857,  1-  CI.  Rensselaer,  1857;  New 
Concord,  1857-60,  Piermont,  1860-5,  Grand  Rapids,  1865-7,  Havana, 
1867-72,  Davenport,  1872-5,  teaching,  1876  (Turin,  N.  Y.,  Presbyt.)  ; 
died  March  25,  1893. 

De  Fraest,  David  R.,  b.  in  Greenbush,  Rensselaer  Co.,  N.  Y.,  1785;  N.B.S. 
1818,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1818;  Cato,  1821-5,  Cato  and  Stirling,  1825,  independ- 
ent, 1825-8,  1828,  suspended;  Assoc.  Presbyt.;  d.  1851. 

De  Graff,  Garret  D.  L.,  b.  Marbletown,  N.  Y.,  May  18,  1869;  N.B.S.  1901, 
1.  CI.  Kingston;  Blue  Mountain,  N.  Y.,  1901 

De  Groot,  Douwe,  b.  in  Friesland,  Neths.,  Aug.  6,  1871 ;  Gymnasium  in 
Neths.;  W.S.  97,  1.  CI.   Mich.;   Otley,  Iowa,  97-9,  Roseland,   Minn.,. 

1899 

De  Haan,  John,  Danforth,  111.,  1898,  Summit,  111.,  1S99 

De  Hart,  Wm.  H.,  b.  at  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  1837 ;  R.C.  65,  N.B.S.  68,  I. 

CI.  Bergen;  N.  and  S.  Hampton,  68-71,  N.Y.C.,  Knox  Mem.  Chapel, 

71-7,   Jamaica,   77-87,   Bethlehem,    1st,   87-8,   Raritan,   3d,    1888— Also 

Stated  Clerk  of  Gen.  Synod,  1896 

De  Jonge,  see  also  De  Young. 

De  Jonge,  Albert  Willem,  b.  Appindegam,   Groningen,   Neths.,   Sept.  22, 

1868;  W.S.  98,  1.  CI.  Holland;  Holland,  4th,  Mich.,  1898 

De  Jonge,  B.  (brother  of  A.  W.  De  Jonge),  W.S.  1900,  Gelderland,  Mich., 

1900 

De  Jonge,  Gerhard,  b.  Zeeland,  Mich.,  June  8,  1859;  H.C.  82,  W.S.  87,  1. 

CI.  Holland;  S.  Blendon,  Mich.,  87-90,  Vriesland,  Mich.,  1890 

De  Jonge,  Jacob  B.,  b.  Roseland,  111. ;  H.C.  1880,  McCormick  Sem.,  Chi- 
cago, 83,  1.  CI.  Wisconsin;  Greenleafton,  Minn.,  83-5,  New  Holland, 

Mich.,  85-93,  Zeeland,  1893 

De  Jonge,  John  Lukas,  b.  Roseland,  111.,  Dec.  12,  1872;  H.C.  93,  PS.  26, 
winning  the  Hebrew  Fellowship,  $600,  that  year.    Orange  City,  Iowa, 
96-7;  died  at  San  Diego,  Feb.  6,  1898. 
De  Jonge,  Wm.  P.,  b.  at  Goes,  Neth.,  1824;  grad.  at  Kampen,  Hoi.,  Oct. 
58;  lie.  and  ord.  by  Christian  Ref.  Ch.,  Holland,  58;  settled  in  chs.  of 
Refd.    Christian    Ch.,    Neths.,    58-71 ;    Grandville,    Mich.,    71-1887;    d. 
Aug.  8. 
He  was  an  able  preacher.     His  sermons  were  always  edifying.     His  aim 
was  to  establish  his  people  in  the  truth.     Such  was  his  love  of  preaching 
that  even  after  his  health  began  to  fail  and  when  in  great  physical  weak- 
ness, he  still  ascended  the  pulpit  and  continued  his  labors  until  the  Master 
called  him.    He  was  already  in  middle  life  when  he  came  to  America  in 
1871,  but  he  at  once  joined  the  Refd.  Ch.  in  America  and  was  always  in 
hearty  sympathy  with  it.     During  the  agitation  and  secession  movement, 
1880-2,  he  stood  firm  as  a  rock  against  it  and  manifested  his  loyalty  by 
word  and  deed.    He  published  at  this  time  an  earnest  pamphlet  against 
the  movement  and  advocated  loyalty  to  the  Refd.  Ch.  in  A.— D.  Broek. 
See  also  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1888,  676. 


408  THE    MINISTRY. 

Dekker,  Frederick  G.,  b.  Zwartshius,  Neths.,  July  n,  1866,  Lit.  Depart- 
ment, Theolog.  Sem.  Kampen,  Holland,  1892,  N.B.S.  96,  1.  CI ; 

Wortendyke,  N.  J.,  96-97,  Paterson,  1st,  Holl.,  1897 

De  Jongh,  John,  H.C.  1897,  W.S.  1900,  Wormser  City,  1st,  Montana, 
1900 

Dellius,  Godfreidus,  b.  1652,  matriculated  in  Leyden  University,  Oct.  1,  1672, 
for  the  study  of  Philosophy;  lie.  by  Classis  of  Wyk  about  1680-1 ;  ord. 
by  CI.  Amsterdam,  July  20,  1682;  Albany,  also  supplying  Schenectady, 
1683-99 ;  suspended,  illegally,  by  the  civil  authorities ;  also  Miss,  to 
Mohawk  Indians,  1683-99;  returned  to  Holland;  Antwerp,  1700-1714 
and  longer. 

The  name  of  Dell,  Delius  or  Dellius  is  found  frequently  among  the  stu- 
dents of  the  Dutch  Universities  as  the  following  list  shows :  Matriculated  at 
Leyden  University :  June  13,  1620,  Jacobus  Delius,  of  Rupell,  aged  26,  The- 
ology. May  9,  1653,  Georgius  Dell,  of  Weesop,  aged  20,  Medicine.  Dec. 
17,  1654,  Nicolaus  Dell,  of  Weesop,  aged  20,  Jurisprudence.  June  3, 
1661,  Nicolaus  Dell,  of  Amsterdam,  aged  22,  Jurisprudence.  Oct.  1, 
1672,  Godfriedus  Dellius  (place  not  given),  aged  20,  Philosophy.  Matricu- 
lated at  Utrecht  University:  1646,  Jacobus  Dellius,  Weesop;  1682,  Cor- 
nelius Dellius,  Utrecht.  The  "Utrecht  Catalogue"  does  not  give  the  ages 
or  the  topics  of  study. 

Godfreidus  Dellius  was  called  to  Albany  as  an  assistant  to  Schaats  in  his 
declining  days.  For  the  first  half-dozen  years  he  seems  quietly  to  have 
performed  his  duties,  but  for  the  last  ten  years  of  his  ministry  he  is  much 
mixed  up  in  civil  affairs.  He  refused,  in  common  with  all  the  Reformed 
clergy,  to  recognize  Leisler  in  1689.  He  was  commanded  to  appear  in  New 
York  to  answer  this  charge,  but  he  secreted  himself  in  New  Jersey  and  on 
Long  Island.  He  also  was  clandestinely  at  Selyns'  house  in  the  city  while 
in  the  neighborhood.  He  afterward  fled  to  Boston.  Leisler  charged  him 
with  being  a  principal  actor  in  the  French  and  English  difficulties  and  an 
enemy  to  the  Prince  of  Orange,  refusing  to  recognize  the  English  Revolu- 
tion by  which  the  Protestant  William  succeeded  the  Papal  James.  He 
styled  him  a  "Cockaran"  minister,  and  states  that  he  refused  to  celebrate 
Thanksgiving  day  for  the  happy  revolution,  and  also  a  subsequent  day  of 
humiliation,  and  that  he  shut  his  doors  when  William  and  Mary  were  pro- 
claimed King  and  Queen  of  the  province;  that  Dellius  was  the  principal 
of  Major  Winthrop's  council,  helping  the  disaffected  and  corresponding  with 
the  Jesuits  in  Canada.  Dellius,  however,  wrote  to  England,  representing 
Leisler's  character  in  its  true  light.  It  would  seem  that  it  was  not  hostility 
to  the  Prince  of  Orange  which  influenced  the  Dutch  clergy  generally,  but 
rather  an  unwillingness  in  any  way  to  recognize  Leisler's  proclamations  as 
lawful.    . 

Immediately  after  Leisler's  execution,  in  May,  1691,  Governor  Sloughter 
recalled  Dellius,  who  was  on  the  point  of  embarking  for  Europe  from 
Boston.  He  returned  to  New  York,  and  thence  proceeded  to  Albany.  ^  He 
said  that  he  returned  especially  for  the  sake  of  teaching  the  poor  Indians, 
and  they  expressed  great  gratitude  to  the  new  Governor  for  recalling  him. 


THE   MINISTRY.  409 

He  was  allowed  by  the  Government  £60  a  year  for  teaching  them.  (See 
"Anderson's  Hist.  Col.  Ch."  (Epis.),  iii.  415,  417,  427.)  In  1693  he  had 
three  Indian  boys  boarding  at  his  house.  He,  like  Megapolensis  before 
him.  greatly  restrained  their  ferocities  toward  their  French  prisoners. 
Father  Milet,  when  a  prisoner  among  the  Oneidas,  was  saved  much  suffer- 
ing through  Dellius'  influence.  Milet,  while  a  captive,  wrote  him  several 
letters  and  Father  Dablon,  another  Jesuit  missionary  in  Canada,  warmly 
thanked  Dellius  in  a  letter  and  offered  to  secure  him  pecuniary  compensa- 
tion for  his  kindness  from  any  port  of  France  which  he  might  name.  Del- 
lius also  corresponded  with  Governor  Fletcher  about  the  French  and  In- 
dian difficulties,  the  French  and  English  both  seeking  to  monopolize  the 
fur  trade  with  the  Five  Nations.  He  was  also  often  employed  as  a  civil 
agent  to  the  Indians  and  had  a  most  remarkable  power  over  them. 

With  the  conclusion  of  peace  between  the  English  and  French  in  Europe, 
Dellius  and  Peter  Sghuyler  were  sent  as  agents  to  Canada,  to  Count  de 
Frontenac  (April,  1698),  to  announce  the  peace  and  bring  to  an  end  the 
provincial  hostilities.  They  took  with  them  nineteen  French  prisoners  and 
secured  the  delivery  of  those  held  by  the  French.  This  was  done  under 
the  authority  of  Bellomont. 

But  Bellomont  proved  to  be  a  giddy-headed  governor  in  many  respects. 
He  was  wild  on  the  subject  of  the  grants  of  land  made  by  Fletcher.  Peti- 
tions had  been  presented  in  1695  to  purchase  lands  of  the  Indians,  partly,  at 
least,  to  secure  them  to  the  crown  of  England  and  to  prevent  their  aliena- 
tion to  the  French.  So  Dellius  states  in  his  defense,  and  Fletcher  said  the 
same.  The  deeds  were  made  to  Dellius,  Peter  Schuyler,  Evert  Banker  and 
Dirk  Wessels,  in  1696,  and  were  confirmed  by  Fletcher.  They  took  in  a 
strip  on  the  east  side  of  the  Hudson,  above  Albany,  extending  to  Vergennes, 
Vt,  being,  as  was  said  by  Bellomont,  about  70  miles  in  length  and  12  in 
breadth.  Another  tract  was  in  the  valley  of  the  Mohawk,  50  miles  by  4. 
Such  grants  were  given  to  prevent  Jesuit  occupation.  But  by  the  intrigues 
of  Bellomont,  the  Indians,  who  were  converts  of  Dellius,  were  led  to  de- 
clare that  they  had  been  cheated.  Bellomont  says :  "This  is  a  prodigious 
tract  of  country  to  grant  away  to  a  stranger,  that  has  not  a  child,  that  is 
not  a  denizen  and,  in  a  word,  a  man  that  has  not  any  sort  of  virtue  or 
merit."  But  he  had  a  wife  and  children.  The  governor  spared  no  oppor- 
tunity to  blacken  Dellius's  character  and  believed  and  reported  all  sorts  of 
rumors  and  gossip  about  him,  as  if  they  were  proven  facts.  But  these 
charges  were  silly  and  absurd  beyond  expression,  as  proved  in  detail  by 
documents,  by  Dellius,  in  his  defense  before  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  in 
1700. 

In  the  spring  of  1699  Bellomont  secured  a  bill  to  vacate  the  lands,  but 
against  the  opinion  of  the  Attorney-General.  He  also  secured  an  illegal 
vote  to  suspend  Dellius  from  his  ministerial  functions.  Dellius  resolved  to 
go  to  England  to  represent  matters  in  their  irue  light.  He  carried  with  him 
numerous  certificates  from  the  best  men  of  the  country,  vindicating  him  in 
the  whole  transaction ;  from  the  two  French  ministers ;  from  Rev.  Mr. 
Vesey,  of  Trinity  Church ;  from  the  Consistories  of  Albany,  Schenectady, 
Kingston,  and  others.      His  congregation  at  Albany  presented  him  with  a 


4-IO  THE    MINISTRY. 

numerously  signed  petition,  begging  him  to  return  to  them.  Mr.  Vesey 
prayed  for  him  by  name  in  his  public  services,  asking  that  God  would  de- 
liver him  from  the  hands  of  his  enemies,  give  him  a  prosperous  voyage 
and  send  him  back  to  his  flock.  Albany  raised  £200  and  New  York  £500 
(about  $1,875)  to  enable  him  to  hasten  to  England  to  defeat  the  vacating 
act  before  it  received  the  King's  signature.  The  King  delayed  action  on 
it  for  many  years.  The  Classis  of  Amsterdam  also  complained  to  the 
Bishop  of  London  of  Bellomont's  arbitrary  conduct  and  the  Bishop  ex- 
pressed his  regrets  that  so  useful  a  man  as  Dellius  had  been  suspended  from 
his  duties.  Bellomont  also  sought  to  have  Mr.  Vesey  removed,  but  with- 
out success.  The  documents  and  correspondence  are  very  full  on  these 
topics.  In  1714,  while  still  settled  at  Antwerp,  he  put  in  a  claim,  through 
A.  D.  Philipse,  attorney,  for  arreages  of  salary,  for  about  sixteen  months, 
at  Albany  for  teaching  the  Indians ;  also  for  £50  yet  due  him  on  his  com- 
mission to  Canada  with  Schuyler  in  1698.  The  Council  allowed  him  half 
his  claim  for  instructing  the  Indians,  £40,  but  refused  to  pay  the  other  claim, 
although  Schuyler  had  received  his  £50.  For  some  other  Items  about 
Dellius,  see  Chapter  vii  of  this  work. 

See  "Col.  Hist.  N.  Y.,"  iii,  696,  715,  732,  753,  771-2;  iv,  26,  47-50,  60. 
78,  88,  92-97,  125,  170,  175-8,  219,  239,  240,  248,  279-282,  294-5,  330-351,  362-7, 
379,  39i,  398,  402,  426,  462-3,  488-490,  497,  500,  503,  505.  5io.  514,  528-9, 
533-4,  539-541,  553-8,  566,  581-2,  586,  622-3,  714,  743,  774,  780-5.  791,  813, 
825-6,  1 1 12;  v,  715,  553,  651 ;  vi,  145,  569;  viii,  344"5 ',  ix,  680-2,  690-2.  "Doc. 
Hist.  N.  Y.,"  ii,  73,  247;  iii,  78,  81-2,  422.  535-541,  562.  "Smith's  Hist. 
N.  Y.,"  78,  92,  98,  159,  279.  "Bancroft's  U.  S.,"  iii.  192.  "Amst.  Cor.," 
many  letters.  In  letter  Dec.  29,  1700,  the  Classis  vindicates  Dellius  from 
the  aspersions  of  Bellomont.  See  also  "Johnson's  Sketches  of  Ch.  of  Al- 
bany," 1899.  Page  13.  The  documents  now  in  course  of  publication  by  the 
State  of  New  York  will  do  much  toward  clearing  up  Dellius's  character. 

Demarest,  Alfred  Howard  (son  of  David  D.  Demarest),  b.  Hudson,  N.  Y., 
Nov.  23,  i860;  R.C.  79,  N.B.S.  84,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Port  Richmond,  S.  I., 

84-1901,  Catskill,  1901 

Demarest,  Cor.  T.,  b.  Jan.  23,  1786,  in  N.  Y.  C,  C.C.  1804,  studied  under 
Livingston  and  Froeligh,  1.  CI.  Paramus  1807;  White  House,  1808-13, 
English  Neighborhood,  1813-24,'  seceded,  suspended.     (English  Neigh- 
borhood,   1824-39,    Hackensack   and    English    Neighborhood,    1839-52, 
New  York,  King  St.  1852-62;  d.  Dec.  26.)     Elected  a  trustee  of  Q.C. 
1812.     A.M.  by  C.C.  1813. 
In  the  early  part  of  his  labors  at  English  Neighborhood  he  seems  to  have 
been  much  blessed.     For  five  years  all  was  amicable.     But  he  then  became 
entangled  in  the  unhappy  difficulties  of  the  Hackensack  Church  by  taking 
part  too  warmly  with  Domine  Froeligh.     (Froeligh.)     He  was  charged 
with  having  tampered  with  the  Minutes  of  the  Classis  of  Bergen  in  refer- 
ence to  the  matters  in  dispute,  and  thus  he  was  led  on  into  the  secession  in 
1824.     ("Comp.  Banner  of  Truth,"  vol.  iv,   125.)     The  Classis  then  sus- 
pended him  (he  refusing  to  appear)  for  falsifying  their  Minutes,  for  pre- 
varication and  private  and  public  abuse  of  Classis  and  for  public  schism. 


THE   MINISTRY. 


411 


(See  Minutes  of  Classis.)  His  Consistory  unanimously  went  with  him 
into  the  secession  and  attempted  to  carry  the  property  with  them,  which 
resulted  in  a  lawsuit,  sixty-two  members  of  the  congregation  protesting 
against  their  secession.  Judge  Ewing  decided  against  the  seceders  and 
gave  the  property  to  those  who  had  remained  in  the  old  connection.  He 
seems  to  have  taken  the  place  of  Solomon  Froeligh  when  he  died  in  1827, 
as  the  chief  leader  of  the  secession.  He  trained  several  students  for  the 
ministry.  See  "Taylor's  Annals  of  CI.  of  Bergen"  and  "Brinkerhoff's 
Hist,  of  True  Refd.  Dutch  Church." 

Publications:  "A  Lamentation  over  Rev.  Solomon  Froeligh,  S.T.D.," 
1827.  This  stout  pamphlet  contains  much  valuable  matter  on  the  history 
of  Dr.  Froeligh  and  the  Secession  of  1822,  but  bears  marks  of  the  bitter- 
ness of  the  times.  "Funeral  Sermon  on  Rev.  Chas.  Hardenbergh,"  1821, 
in  "Banner  of  Truth,"  vol.  iii.  Several  other  sermons  in  "Banner  of 
Truth,"  one  on  Demonology.  In  183 1  he  was  highly  eulogized  by  Rev. 
C  Z.  Panlison,  in  his  "Development  of  Facts,  Etc.,"  but  in  his  "Reasons 
for  Leaving  the  True  Refd.  D.  Ch."  in  1832,  he  was  criticized  for  "lack 
of  unction,"  "Christless  preaching,"  etc.  See  Lemma  XV,  Acts  of  Syn. 
T.R.D.C.  1863,  for  notice  of  his  death.  "Funeral  Sermons  by  Rev.  A.  Van 
Houten,"  in  "Ban.  of  Truth,"  Sept.,  1894. 

Demarest,  David  D.,  b.  near  Schraalenberg,  N.  J.,  July  30,  1819,  R.C.  37, 
N.B.S.  40,  lie.  by  CI.  N.B.;  Catskill  (assist,  of  Rev.  Jas.  Romeyn)! 
40-41,  Flatbush,  Ulster  Co.,  N.  Y.,  41-43,  New  Brunswick,  2d,  43-52, 
Hudson,  N.  Y.,  52-65,  Prof,  of  Pastoral  Theology  and  Sacred  Rhetoric, 
N.B.  Sem.  65-1898;  d.  June  21.  D.D.  by  C.N.J.  1857.  Pres.  Gen.  Syn. 
1858.  Stated  Clerk,  Gen.  Syn.,  1862-71.  LL.D.  by  R.C.  1892.  Trus- 
tee R.C.  1858-98. 

He  was  of  Huguenot  descent  on  his  father's  side.  The  family  came  to 
America  in  1663  and  finally  settled  near  Hackensack,  N.  J.  During  his  col- 
lege course  a  powerful  revival  of  religion  visited  New  Brunswick  and  he 
and  all  his  classmates  became  the  subjects  of  renewing  grace.  In  1852,  for 
the  benefit  of  his  health,  he,  in  company  with  Rev.  John  A.  Lansing,  spent 
a  season  in  Europe,  visiting  old  historic  scenes.  While  at  Hudson,  he  pre- 
pared a  course  of  lectures  on  the  history  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church, 
which  he  delivered  in  many  pulpits.  These  were  subsequently  recast  and 
published  in  1856.  They  were  rewritten  and  published  again  in  1889.  In 
1865  he  was  called  to  the  chair  of  Pastoral  Theology  in  the  New  Bruns- 
wick Seminary,  and  for  33  years  he  fulfilled  its  duties  with  distinguished 
ability  and  fidelity,  leaving  the  impress  of  his  personal  character,  his  sound- 
ness of  faith,  his  orderly  methods,  his  discriminating  judgment  and  his 
loyalty  to  the  history,  standards  and  customs  of  the  Reformed  Church  upon 
successive  classes  of  students.  For  the  training  of  so  many  ministers  in 
the  best  methods  of  preaching  and  pastoral  work,  fof  indoctrinating  them 
in  the  constitution  and  usages  of  the  church  and  for  inspiring  them  with 
love  for  and  loyalty  to  its  distinctive  characteristics,  the  church  owes  him 
an  incalculable  debt. 

Besides  the  general  history  of  the  church  above  referred  to,  he  wrote 


412  THE   MINISTRY. 

extensively  upon  subjects  connected  with  the  early  Dutch  and  Huguenot 
settlements  of  New  York  and  New  Jersey.  He  was,  at  the  time  of  his 
death,  one  of  the  oldest  Trustees  of  Rutgers  College,  having  been  forty 
years  in  that  office,  and  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  for  thirty-two 
years.  He  was  conspicuously  and  zealously  devoted  to  the  interests  of  that 
institution.  In  every  sphere  of  Christian  service,  whether  as  pastor,  pro- 
fessor, preacher  or  writer,  he  was  both  faithful  and  wise;  though  clear 
and  firm  in  his  own  convictions,  he  was  tolerant  of  the  views  of  others  and 
exceptionally  successful  in'  exerting  influence  and  in  making  and  holding 
friends.  He  retained  his  mental  vigor  to  the  verge  of  his  four-score  years 
with  a  good  degree  of  physical  strength  and  had  just  completed  another 
year  of  seminary  work  when  he  died. 

He  was,  from  his  earliest  years,  a  student  from  love  of  study.  With  a 
mind  clear  and  quick,  he  absorbed  knowledge  rapidly.  It  was  his  young 
life's  ambition  to  become  a  scholar.  He  was  hard  working  and  painstak- 
ing, so  that  from  the  beginning  of  his  ministry  he  took  stand  in  the  church 
as  one  of  her  most  solidly  grounded  men.  As  a  lover  of  language  and 
literature,  a  student  of  history,  secular  and  sacred,  a  theologian  and  writer, 
his  conversation,  addresses  and  writings  gave  evidence  of  accurate  habits 
of  thought.  As  a  natural  outcome  of  his  persistent  unity  of  thought  and 
self-culture,  he  became  a  marked  man  in  the  church  and  her  councils. 
Boyhood  growth,  under  very  special  conditions,  had  made  him  an  intense 
lover  of  the  Reformed  Church  and  from  his  entrance  in  the  ministry  he 
gave  himself  without  reserve  and  with  the  whole  strength  of  his  special 
lines  of  study  to  the  support  of  her  polity  and  institutions.  He  was  looked 
upon  as  a  living  ideal  of  the  personality,  the  manners,  pulpit  gifts,  pastoral 
devotion  and  ruling  tact,  which  the  church  wished  to  have  developed  in  her 
students  for  the  ministry.  His  carefully  prepared  lectures  reflected  honor 
on  the  seminary,  but  his  personal  character  and  spirit  taught  even  more 
powerfully.  His  nature  was  pure,  his  thought  was  clear,  his  temper  was 
even,  his  tact  was  unfailing,  his  prayers  and  sermons  were  methodic,  neat 
and  instructive  and  his  pastoral  spirit  was  cordial,  winning  and  comforting. 
From  faithful  study  he  had  grown  into  a  mastery  of  the  truths  of  divine 
revelation  as  systematized  in  the  standards  of  the  church. 

Dr.  Demarest  married  on  Aug.  19,  1846,  Catharine  Louisa,  daughter  of 
Judge  James  Schureman  Nevius,  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  Jersey, 
and  theirs  became  a  model  Christian  home.  Four  sons  entered  the  min- 
istry, while  one  of  the  three  daughters  married  a  minister,  Rev.  Dr.  Graham 
Taylor,  of  Chicago,  111.  See  "Schaff-Herzog  Cyc,"  "Dr.  David  Cole's  Art," 
in  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  of  R.C.,"  1899,  3-5.  "Memorial  of  Rev.  David 
D.  Demarest,  Pres.  of  New  Brunswick  Hist.  Club,"  1898.  "Mints.  Gen. 
Syn.,"  1899,  552.    Arts,  in  "Ch.  Intell."  in  summer  of  1898. 

Publications  :  "Sermon  on  the  Death  of  Rev.  Peter  A.  Overbagh," 
1842.  Article,  "The  Right  of  Private  Judgment,"  "Protestant  Quarterly 
Review,"  January,  1874.  "The  Manly,  Independent  Thinker,"  an  address 
delivered  before  the  Alumni  Association  of  Rutgers  College,  July  24,  1855. 
"Religion  in  Politics."  "Hudson,"  1856.  Article,  "Protestantism  in  Hun- 
gary," "Princeton  Review,"  April,  1856.     "History  and  Characteristics  of 


THE   MINISTRY.  413 

the  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church,"  i2mo,  pp.  221,  plates.  1856, 
article,  "Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church,"  "Appletons'  American  Cyclo- 
pedia," 1862.  "Tracts  of  the  Board  of  Publication  of  the  Reformed  Dutch 
Church";  No.  25,  "Church  Discipline";  No.  37,  "The  Confession  of  Christ." 
A  series  of  articles  in  "The  Christian  Intelligencer"  on  the  "History  and 
Various  Features  of  the  Constitution  of  the  Reformed  Church,"  May,  1873. 
An  article  on  the  prayer  test  published  in  "The  Sower,"  1873.  Article, 
"The  Reformed  Church  in  America,"  "Southern  Presbyterian  Review," 
April,  1873.  "Exposition  of  the  International  Sunday-School  Lesson  on 
the  Gospel  of  Mark,"  July-Dec,  1874,  published  in  "The  Sower  and  Gospel 
Field."  "Liturgical  Features  and  Spirit  of  the  Reformed  Church  in 
America."     (Discourse  XVI  in  Centennial  Volume,  1876.) 

Arts,  on  John  a  Lasco,  in  "Presbyt.  Rev.,"  1881.  "Practical  Catechetics," 
1882.  "Hist.  Disc,  at  Centennial  of  N.  B.  Theolog.  Sem.,"  1884,  with 
sketches  in  appendix  of  Drs.  Milledoler,  Berg,  Cannon  and  Col.  Gardner  A. 
Sage.  1885.  Editor,  with  Drs.  P.  D.  Van  Cleef  and  E.  T.  Corwin,  of 
"Centennial  of  Seminary,"  1885.  "The  Huguenots  on  the  Hackensack," 
1886.  "Dort  and  Westminster,"  1890.  "Hist,  of  Examinations  for  Licen- 
sure." Seven  Arts,  in  "Ch.  Intelligencer,"  about  1894.  Rutgers  (Queen's) 
College  and  Medical  Degrees,"  1894.  "Practical  Liturgies,"  1894.  "Part 
II,"  1895.  "Hist,  of  Rutgers  College  in  Dr.  Murray's  Hist,  of  Education  in 
N.  J.,"  1895.  "Notes  on  the  Constitution,"  1896.  "Address  at  200th  Anni- 
versary of  Ch.  of  Tarrytown,"  1897.  "Pastoral  Theology,"  1897.  Many 
articles  in  reviews  and  in  "Christian  Intelligencer." 

Demarest,  Jas.  (son  of  John  Demarest),  b.  1797,  Dec.  28,  at  Boght,  N.  Y. ; 
Col.  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  N.  Y.  1820,  N.B.S.  29,  1.  CI.  N.B. 
Miss,  at  Williamsburgh,  29-30,  Williamsburgh,  30-39,  Wawarsing,  42-48, 
Miss,  at  Lansing,  111.,  48,  Sup.  of  Leake  and  Watts  Orphan  House, 
49-53,  North  Hempstead,  53-59,  w.  c. ;  died  Jan.  24,  1887. 
As  a  minister  of  the  Gospel,  he  was  a  methodical   sermonizer  and  an 

acceptable  preacher;  as  a  pastor,  active  and  conscientious  in  visitation;  as  a 

member  of  Classis  the  embodiment  of  frankness  and  devout  piety,  full  of 

good  works  and  love.    "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1887,  435. 

Demarest,  James  (son  of  Jas.  Demarest)  ;  U.C.  1852,  N.B.S.  56,  1.  CI. 
N.  Y. ;  Hackensack,  2d,  1856-63,  Newark,  North,  63-6,  Chicago,  2d, 
66-72  (Peekskill,  Presby.  72-4),  Kingston,  2d,  74-82;  Fort  Plain,  84-90, 
Flushing,  90-7,  Brooklyn,  North  (S.S.),  1898.     Financial  Secretary  of 

Special  Committee  on  the  Finances  of  N.B.S.,  1898 D.D.  by  U.C. 

1877. 
Publications  :  A  number  of  sermons  in  pamphlet  form  and  in  the  re- 
ligious and  secular  press.  Many  contributions  to  "Christian  Intelligencer" 
and  other  papers.  "The  Duty  of  Ref.  Ch.  in  the  Future,  as  Foreshown  by 
Its  Course  in  the  Past,"  in  "Centennial  Discourses,"  1876.  "Exposition  of 
S.S.  Lessons,"  in  "Ch.  Int."  and  "Kingston  Freeman,"  Oct.-Dec,  1880. 

Demarest,  Jas.  D.,  b.  March  9,  1780;  studied  theol.  under  Froeligh  and 
Livingston,  1.  CI.  Paramus,  1803 ;  Caatsban,  1808-9,  Kakiat  and  Ramapo. 


414  THE   MINISTRY. 

1809-24,  seceded  (Ramapo  and  Kakiat  (Hempstead),  24-58,  w.  c.)  ;  d. 
Nov.  7,  1869.     Several  sermons  of  his  have  been  published  in  "Banner 
of  Truth."     Obituary,  '"Banner  of  Truth,"  Nov.,  1869. 
Demarest,  Jas.  Schureman  Nevius  (s.  of  D.  D.  Demarest),  b.  at  N.B., 
N.  J.,  July  21,   1851;   R.C.  1872,   N.B.S.  76,   lie.  CI.   N.B. ;  Flatbush 
(Ulster  Co.),  N.  Y.,  July  i,  76-81,  Nassau,  N.  Y..  81-83,  w.  c,  Queens. 
L.  I.,  1887. 
Demarest,  John,  b.  at  New  Bridge,   N.  J.,   Sept.  5,   1764;  studied  under 
Froeligh,  1.  by  Synod  of  D.R.  Chs.  1789;  Niskayuna  and  Boght,  1790- 
1803.  Minisink  and  Mahakemack,  1803-8;  Ponds  and  Wyckoff,  1812-20, 
seceded,  1822;  suspended,  1824,  Missy,  of  CI.  Hackcnsack,  1825.     Died 
April  8,  1837. 
He  was  of  the  fourth  generation  in  descent  from  David  Demarest,  the 
original   American   settler.     He  was  old  enough  before  the  close  of  the 
Revolution  to  bear  arms  in  the  militia  of  Bergen  Co.,  N.  J.,  for  about  three 
years.    At  the  close  of  the  war  he  began  to  study  for  the  ministry.    In  1820 
he  removed  to  a  small  farm  near  Tappan,  N.  Y.     He  manifested  a  great 
zeal  for  purity  of  doctrine,  the  faithful  exercise  of  discipline  and  a  dis- 
criminating administration  of  the  sacraments.     He  would  not  baptize  the 
children   of  non-professors.     It  was   after  he  left   the   pastorate   that   he 
seceded. 

For  an  account  of  his  courtesy  at  the  exhumation  of  the  remains  of  Major 
Andre,  forty  years  after  their  interment,  see  "N.  J.  Hist.  Soc.  Proceedings," 
1875.  Two  sisters  of  Andre  requested  the  British  Government  to  transfer 
the  remains  to  England.  A  British  man-of-war  arrived  in  the  Hudson  in 
August,  1821,  having  on  board  the  Duke  of  York,  an  uncle  of  the  late 
Queen  Victoria.  J.  Buchanan,  the  British  Consul  at  New  York,  joined  the 
Duke  and  sailed  up  the  river  to  Tappan.  The  Duke,  the  Consul  and  Capt. 
Paul  went  on  shore  and  repaired  to  the  lonely  grave.  The  farm  in  which 
the  grave  was  situated  belonged  to  Rev.  John  Demarest.  He  treated  his 
distinguished  guests  with  the  courtesy  due  to  their  official  station.  The 
remains  were  carefully  exhumed  and  were  taken  away  with  a  cedar-tree 
whose  roots  were  entwined  about  the  skeleton,  which  remained  intact.  The 
sisters  desired  to  send  Mr.  Demarest  a  solid  silver  communion  service,  but 
he  replied  that  a  simple  gift  would  be  quite  as  acceptable.  In  due  time  there 
arrived  a  beautifully  wrought  snuff-box  made  of  the  cedar-wood  of  the  tree 
above  alluded  to  and  heavily  lined  with  gold.  The  following  inscription  is 
on  the  inside  of  the  lid  :  "From  his  Royal  Highness  the  Duke  of  York,  to 
mark  his  sense  of  the  Rev.  John  Demarest's  liberal  attention  upon  the  oc- 
casion of  the  removal  of  the  remains  of  the  late  Major  John  Andre,  at 
Tappan,  on  the  10th  of  August,  1821." 

Andre's  two  sisters,  supposing  him  to  be  a  French  Catholic  priest,  from 
his  name,  sent  him  a  silver  communion  service  adapted  to  that  body.  He 
declined  this,  informing  them  that  he  was  a  Protestant.  The  Consul  sent 
it  back,  but  the  vessel  foundered  at  sea.  They  then  sent  him  a  silver 
sacramental  cup  gilded  on  the  inside  and  inscribed  with  his  name  and  title. 
"Obituary"  in  "N.  Y.  Observer,"  Sept.,  1837.  See  also  "Lemma  XV,  Acts 
Syn.,  T.R.D.C,  1837. 


THE   MINISTRY.  4*5 

Demarest,  John  Terhune,  b.  near  Hackensack,  N.  J.,  Feb.  20,  1813;  R.C. 
34,  N.B.S.  37,  1.  CI.  N.B.  New  Prospect,  37-49,  Minisink,  50-2,  Prin. 
oftheHarrisb'urgh  Academy,  52-4,  Pascack,  54-67,  New  Prospect,  69-71, 
again  73-85,  Emeritus.     Died  Jan.  30,  1897.     D.D.  b  R.C.  1857. 
He  was  alwas  a  student,  having  an  accurate  and  broad  scholarship.     His 
pulpit  preparations  were  models  of  clear  thought,  expressed  in  pure  and 
forcible  English.     His  churches  were  deeply  attached  to  him,  one  of  them 
calling  him  three  times  to  its  pastorate.   He  was  very  positive  and  outspoken 
in  his  convictions  and  his  opinions  were  respected,  whether  one  could  agree 
with  him  or  not.     He  was  also  a  ready  and  accurate  writer.     Besides  many 
articles  for  the  secular  ?nd  religious  press  and  a  few  published  sermons, 
his  elaborate  commentaries  on  the  "Catholic  Epistles"  show  wide  learning, 
an  accurate  knowledge  of  the  Greek  language,  as  well  as  of  the  principles 
of  Biblical  interpretation.     He  tried  to  understand  what  the  sacred  writers 
meant  and  not  build  up  a  theory  as  to  what  they  ought  to  say.     He  had  a 
contempt   for  evolution  of   doctrine   from   inner   consciousness;    for   that 
criticism  which  rips  the  Bible  to  pieces  and  which  pretends  to  tell  to  which 
of  many  authors  each  line  of  Genesis  or  Isaiah  belongs.    His  commentaries 
are  a  rich  mine  for  materials  to  build  up  Gospel  sermons.     See  "Mints,  of 
Gen.  Syn.,"  1897,  768.    "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  of  R.C,"  1897,  8.    "Schaff- 
Herzcg.  Cyc." 

Publications:  "Exposition  of  First  Peter,"  Svo,  pp.  283,  1.851. 
("Princeton  Rev.,"  xxiii,  561.)  "Exp.  of  Second  Peter,"  8vo,  pp.  225, 
1862.  "The  Efficient  Cause  of  Regeneration,"  "The  Duty  and  Manner  of 
Preaching  to  the  Unrenewed"  and  the  "Doctrine  of  Election:  Three  Ser- 
mons," 1842.  "Sectarianism  Rebuked;  or,  Immersion  Not  the  Only  Mode 
of  Baptism:  A  Tract,"  1861.  "A  Tract  on  Bib.  Doct.  of  Justification." 
"Christocracy;  or,  Essays  on  the  Coming  and  Kingdom  of  Christ,"  1867, 
1879.  Dr.  Gordon  was  joint  author  in  this  work.  "A  Commentary  on  the 
Catholic  Epistles,"  8vo,  pp.  650,  1879. 

Demarest,  Nathan  Henry,  b.  N.  Y.  C,  July  3,  1861 ;  R.C.  80,  N.B.S.  83, 
1.    CI.    N.   Y. ;    Miss,    at   Nagasaki,   Japan,    1833-90,    Roxbury,    N.    Y., 

1890 

Demarest,  Stephen  Du  Bois,  b.  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  Jan.  28,  1868;  R.C. 

88,  N.B.S.  91,  1.  CI.  N.  B.  (Bessemer,  near  Pueblo),  91-99,  Prescott, 

Arizona,  92-94;  d.  Dec.  11.     See  Dr.  J.  G.  Lansing's  notice  of  him,  in 

"Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,"  1895,  17- 
Demarest,  Wm.,  b.  near  Hackensack,  Aug.  24,  1813 ;  C.C.  34,  N.B.S.  37,  I 

CI.  N.  Y.;  Miss,  in  N.  Y.  C.  37-8;  Clover  Hill,  38-40,  New  Hurley, 

40-5,  Berne,  1st,  and  Beaverdam,  45-50,  Westerlo,  50-4,  Bound  Brook, 

54-7,  Ramapo,  1858-70,  Union,  187 1-4;  d. 
He  was  pure  in  character,  strong  in  his  convictions  of  duty,  devoted  to 
the  work  of  preaching  the  Gospel,  conscientious  in  the  discharge  of  every 
duty,  and  intensely  loyal  to  the  church  in  whose  interests  he  labored— loyal 
to  her  constitution,  her  order,  and  her  whole  polity.  As  a  preacher^  he 
was  Biblical,  combining  the  doctrinal,  practical,  and  experimental.  Faith- 
ful in  his  preparation  for  the  pulpit,  he  fed  the  people  with  the  pure  Word 


4J6  THE   MINISTRY. 

of  Life.     In  his  intercourse  with  the  people  there  was  kindness  and  gentle- 
ness combined  with  dignity,  which  could  not  fail  in  making  an  impression. 

Publications:  "Translation  of  Frelinghuysen's  Sermons,"  i2mo,  pp. 
418,  1856;  with  an  admirable  sketch  of  the  author,  Rev.  T.  J.  Freling- 
huysen.  "Translation  of  the  Minutes  of  the  Early  Provisional  Synod," 
1771-92;  in  vol.  i  of  the  so-called  "Mints,  of  Gen.  Syn.,"'  1859. 

Demarest,  Wm.,  in  secession,  licensed  1837,  w.  c. 

Demarest,  Wm.  H.  S.  (son  of  D.  D.  Demarest),  b.  Hudson,  N.  Y.,  May 

12,  1863;  R.C.  S3,  teaching  in  R.C.  Prep.  School,  83-6,  N.B.S.  88,  1.  CI. 

N.  B. ;  Walden,  88-97,  Catskill,  97-1901,  Prof.  Ecc.  Hist,  and  Ch.  Gov. 

N.B.S. 1901 

Publications:  "Hist.  Disc."  at  Walden,  N.  Y.,  1893.  "Memorial  Ser- 
mon of  Henry  Cromwell  Knapp,"  1894.  Address:  "The  Making  of  the 
States,"  1894.  "Reconstruction  in  the  Sunday  School,"  in  "Presb.  and 
Refd.  Rev.,"  1901. 

De  Martel,  Jacques  Adam,  from  London;  supplied  French  Ch.  N.  Y.  C, 
Feb.  4,  i77o.-Aug.,  1771. 

De  Mund,  Isaac  S.,  b.  at  Stillwater,  N.J.,  1803;  C.N.J.  23;  studied  theology 
with  Rev.  John  Cornell,  while  assisting  him  in  his  classical  school  at 
Somerville,  N.  J.,  23-5,  lie.  and  ord.  by  Presb.  Newton,  Oct.,  25  (San- 
dusky and  Milan,  O.,  25-6,  S.S.  Ringwood,  N.  J.,  26-7,  Presbyt.),  Wal- 
peck,  1827-9,  teaching  at  Natchez  Academy,  Miss.,  29-30,  Pompton,  30- 
39,  Houston  St.,  N.  Y.,  39-48,  Yonkers,  48-50,  Belleville,  50-56  (2d 
Lancaster  (St.  Paul's)  Ger.  Ref.,  56-64),  Paramus,  1864-70,  w.  c, 
supplied  Coxsackie,  1st,  70-1,  Athens,  2d,  71,  1875,  Ramseys,  76-7, 
Emeritus,  1875.    Died  Ap.  23,  1888. 

His  sermons  were  always  carefully  prepared,  were  Biblical,  instructive, 
and  impressively  delivered.  His  addresses  at  the  sacramental  table  were 
noted  for  their  edifying  character.  His  prayers  were  appropriate,  and  his 
personal  life  an  example.  He  was  deeply  interested  in  the  salvation  of  the 
Jews,  and  eagerly  desired  to  see  the  time  when  they  should  be  brought 
in  with  the  fulness  of  the  Gentiles ;  and  they  were  always  remembered  in 
his  prayers.  He  was  liberal  in  his  gifts  to  benevolent  causes.  His  pen 
furnished  many  valuable  contributions  to  the  religious  press.  He  was  the 
spiritual  comforter  of  President  Buchanan  in  his  last  sickness. 

Publications  :  Several  sermons  and  addresses,  among  which  may  be 
mentioned  a  "Sermon  on  Death  of  Pres.  Taylor,"  1850.  "Lamentation  on 
Death  of  Pres.  Lincoln,"  1865.  "Subordination  to  Government  the  Salva- 
tion of  our  Country,"  1861.  Also,  a  "Review  of  General  Synod's  Action 
on  Slavery,"  a  series  of  articles  in  "Ch.  Intelligencer,"  signed  "Omega" 
and  "D.,"  including  an  article  against  the  Synod's  action  in  refusing  ad- 
mission to  the  Classis  of  North  Carolina  (Ger.  Refd.  Ch.)  because  some 
of  its  members  were  slave-holders;  dated  Dec.  27,  1855.  Said  Classis 
wished  to  join  the  Dutch  Church  because  of  the  Mercersberg  Theology  in 
the  German  Church.  "Translation  of  Thysius  on  the  Lord's  Supper,"  in 
"Mercersberg  Review." 


THE    MINISTRY.  4J7 

Denham,   Alex.,   from   Assoc.   Refd.   Presbyt.   of  Washington,    1827,   w.   c. 

1827-30. 
Den  Hollander.  Abram,  a  candidate  in  Classis  of  Rochester,  1901. 
Denman,  Mark  Austin,  b.  Amity.  Pa.,  Aug.  3.  1859,  Washington  and  Jef- 
ferson Coll.  82,  P.S.  86,  lie.  by  Presbyt.  Troy,  85    (Presbyt.   Melrose, 
N.  Y.,  86-9)  ;  Bacon  Hill  and  Gansevoort,  89-91.  Canajoharie,  91-1901. 

Brooklyn,  12th  st.,  1901 

Denniston,  J.  Otis.  b.  N.  Y.  C.  1835;  Y.C.  56.  U.S.  61-2,  U.S.  Army,  63-5, 

lie.   66.    Chapel   at   Fishkill-on-Hudson,   66-8;    ord.    CI.    Poughkeepsie, 

May,  67 ;  Presbyt.  1868.     See  "Union  Sem.  Gen.  Cat." 

De  Pree,  Jas.,  b.  Axel,  Netherlands,  Nov.  29,  1845;  H.C.  67,  H.S.  70;  1.  CI 

Holland;  Spring  Lake,  Mich..  70-80,  West  Branch  (Sioux  Centre)   la., 

1880 

De  Pree,  Peter,  b.  Axel,  Zeeland,  Neths.,  Ap.  17,  1839;  R.C.  62,  N.B.S.  65; 
1.  CI.  Holland;  Miss.  Pella,  la..  65-7,  Bethel,  la.,  67-72,  Vriesland,  72- 
82,   Grand   Rapids,   4th,   82-91,    Pella,    1st.   92-18,    Grand    Rapids.    6th. 

1897 .     D.D.  by 

Publications  :  In  part,  Levensgeschiedenis  van  Rev.  Cor.  Van  der  Meu- 
len,  1876. 

De  Puy,  Ephraim,  b.  1814,  at  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  R.C.  35.  N.B.S.  40,  1.  CI. 
N.B.;  Prattsville.  41-6,  Clove,  46-53,  Mott  Haven,  53-4.  Middleport. 
56-7,  w.  c.  57-61  (became  Episcopalian;  Christ  Ch.  Elizabeth.  N.  J.,  61- 
63,  St.  Mary's  Ch.  Burlington,  N.  J..  63-5  ;  also  Prof,  of  Belles-lettres, 
St.  Mary's  College,  Burlington,  N.  J.,  63-5  ;  Zion  Ch.  Belvidere.  N.  J., 
65-74,  w.  c,  residing  in  New  York  City,  74-90;   in  Lakewood.   N.  J.. 

90-1896 ;  died  April  1st.)     D.D.  by 

He  was  a  great  student,  and  was  considered  one  of  the  best  read  men  of 
his  day.  He  was  also  a  colonel  in  the  Civil  War.  See  "Biog.  Notices  of 
Grads.  R.  C."  1896,  10. 

De  Ronde,  Lambertus,  b.  in  Holland.  1720;  Zwilichem.  17.. -46.  Surinam 
(Dutch  Guiana),  S.  A.,  1746-50.  New  York  and  Harlem.  1750-84, 
Schaghticoke,  1784-95 ;  d.  Sept.  30. 
In  1749  he  proposed  to  the  Classis  to  publish  a  book  of  First  Truths  in 
Negro-English  and  Dutch.  The  Classis  requested  him  first  to  transmit  it 
to  them  for  approval.  He  made  a  visit  to  New  York  in  1750.  His  preach- 
ing, while  there,  was  so  pleasing  that  the  Collegiate  Church,  after  examin- 
ing mis  testimonials,  called  him,  on  Aug.  20.  1750.  with  the  understanding 
that  he  was  to  join  the  Ccetus.  In  1751  the  Classis  complained  that  he  had 
been  installed  over  the  church  of  New  York  without  their  knowledge,  and 
that  he  signed  the  letter  of  the  Ccetus,  without  any  explanation  of  his  new 
relationships.  But  he  never  attended  another  Ccetus  meeting.  He  became 
a  decided  member  of  the  Conferentie  party  after  the  disruption  in  1755.  and 
was  never  absent  from  their  meetings.  His  Consistory,  however,  remained 
neutral.  He  was  naturalized  in  1756.  He  did  not  possess  as  high  a  stand- 
ard of  character  and  usefulness  as  his  colleague.  Ritzema,  yet,  in  many 
points,  he  was  respectable.     Though  he  was  one  of  the  committee   which 


4*8  THE    MINISTRY. 

procured  Dr.  Laidlie  to  preach  in  English,  he  afterward  turned  against  him. 
and  was  the  leading  spirit  in  the  "Dutch  party"  in  the  famous  lawsuit  which 
grew  out  of  this  matter.  Many  were  bitterly  determined  not  to  submit  to 
the  innovation  of  English  preaching.  The  Consistory,  however,  gained  the 
suit,  which  was  upon  a  side  issue,  while  the  "Dutch  party"  had  £300  costs 
to  pay.  During  the  most  of  the  Revolution,  being  driven  from  his  charge, 
he  supplied  Schaghticoke,  but  in  1780  represented  the  churches  of  Red  Hook 
and  Saugerties  in  the  Classis  of  Kingston. — "Amst.  Cor.,"  many  letters, 
"Doc.  Hist.  N.  Y.,"  iii,  310,  324.  "Gunn's  Livingston,"  8vo  ed.,  1830,  p.  139. 
"Collegiate  Ch.  Year-Book,"  1885,  67. 

Publications  :  "De  gekruisigde  Christus,  als  het  voornaeste  toeleg  van 
Gods  getrouwe  Krinsgesanten,  in  hunne  prediking,"  Nieuw-York:  Hen- 
drick  De  Forest,  1751 ;  4to,  pp.  8  and  28;  or,  ''The  Christ  Crucified,  as  the 
Principal  Subject  of  God's  Faithful  Servants  of  the  Cross,  in  their  Ser- 
mons." "De  ware  gedachtniss";  or,  "The  True  Remembrance,"  Heb. 
l3'-7',  giving  an  account  of  the  death  of  the  Rev.  Gualterus  Du  Bois,  Oct. 
13,  1751.  (A  copy  in  State  Library  at  Albany  Extract  "Doc.  Hist.  N.  Y.," 
324).  A  System  containing  the  Principles  of  the  Christian  Religion,  suit- 
able to  the  Heidelberg  Catechism,  by  plain  questions  and  answers,  useful 
for  the  information  of  all  persons  in  the  true  confession  of  faith ;  and 
necessary  toward  their  preparation  for  that  awful  and  solemn  ordinance, 
the  Lord's  Supper.  To  which  is  prefixed  a  particular  address  to  parents  in 
general,  showing  the  relation  they  stand  under  to  their  children,  to  instruct 
them  in  the  principles  of  the  Christian  religion.  And  to  which  is  added  an 
application  upon  the  whole  system.  i6mo,  pp.  185;  New  York:  1763.  (This 
is  the  first  book  in  the  English  language  published  by  a  member  of  the 
Reformed  Dutch  Church  in  America.  It  was  prepared  a  short  time  before 
the  call  of  Laidlie  to  meet  the  growing  necessity  of  instruction  in  English. 
De  Ronde  himself  offered  to  preach  in  English  if  his  Consistory  thought  him 
qualified.)  "True  Spiritual  Religion;  or,  Delightful  Service  of  the  Lord"; 
Two  Discourses;  and  "True  and  Unfeigned  Repentance  of  Job";  i2mo,  pp. 
xvi,  262;  New  York:  1767.  "De  Constitutie,  eenpariglyk  geaccoordeerd  by 
de  algemeene  Conventie,  gehoude  in  de  Stad  van  Philadelphia  in  't  Jaar 
1787;  en  gesubmitteerd  van  het  volk  der  vereeingde  Staaten  van  Noord 
Amerika ;  Zynde  van  scs  derzeive  Staaten  alreede  geadopteerd,  namentlyk, 
Massachusetts,  Connecticut,  Nieuw  Jersey,  Pennsylvanie,  Delaware  en 
Georgia.  Vertaald  door  Lambertus  de  Ronde,  V.  D.  M.  Gedrukt,  by  order 
van  de  Federal  Committee  in  de  Stad  van  Albany,  door  Charles  R.  Web  iter, 
1788":  or,  "The  Constitution,  unanimously  agreed  to  by  the  General  Con- 
vention, held  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia  in  the  year  1787,  and  submitted  to 
the  People  of  the  United  States  of  North  America.  This  has  already  been 
adopted  by  six  States,  namely,  Massachusetts,  Connecticut,  New  Jersey, 
Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  and  Georgia.  Translated  by  Lambertus  de  Ronde, 
V.D.M.,  and  published  by  order  of  the  Federal  Committee  in  the  city  of 
Albany  by  Chs.  R.  Webster,"  1788. 

There  is  bound  up  in  the  same  volume  in  the  State  Library  in  Albany, 
N.   Y.,  the  Constitution  of  the  U.   S.   in  German,     ft  was  printed  by  the 


THE    MINISTRY.  419 

same  authority,  and  is  of  the  same  date  and  imprint;  but  the  name  of  the 
translator  is  not  given.  The  two  translations  make  a  small  8vo  volume  of 
32  pages. 

Many  letters  to  Holland.  A  few  letters  of  his  from  Surinam  were  se- 
cured by  the  author  in  1897-8,  and  will  be  issued  in  "Amsterdam  Corre- 
spondence," now  in  course  of  publication  by  the  State  of  New  York. 

De  Rooy,  Jacobus,  b.  1812,  S.S.  Paterson,  1st  Holl.,  56-8.     Died  1884. 

De  Spelder,  John  A.,  b.  in  Michigan,  1851 ;  H.C.  70,  H.  Sem.  73,  1.  CI.  Mich- 
igan ;    Macon    and    South    Macon,    73-83,    Prin.    of    N.    W.    Classical 

Academy,  Orange  City,  la.,   1883 S.S.   Orange  City    (American), 

1885-7.  pastor,  1887-94. 

De  Voe,  David,  studied  theol.  under  Livingston  (?)  Beaverdam  and  Mid- 
dleburgh,  1808-16,  also  Oppenheim,  11-16,  St.  Johnsville,  16-30,  Colum- 
bia and  Warren,  36-9;  d.  1843.  Was  an  active  pioneer  in  Central  New 
York,  and  organized  many  churches.  See  reports  of  Miss.  Soc.  R.  D. 
C,  1822-32. 

De  Vries  Henri,  b.  at  The  Hague,  Neths.,  Dec.  13,  1847;  High  School, 
Amsterdam,  71;  N.B.S.  76,  1.  N.  CI.  L.  I.;  Jericho,  L.  I.,  76-77,  Alex- 
andria Bay,  77-82,  Assist.  Past.  Middle  Collegiate  Ch.,  N.  Y.  C,  82-84, 
Peekskill.  1884 

Publications  :  Trans,  from  the  Dutch  of  "The  Work  of  the  Holy 
Spirit."  by  Dr.  N.  Kuyper,  of  Amsterdam,  1900.  Contributions  to  the  "Ch. 
Int."  and  other  religious  papers. 

De  Vries,  J.  Hendrik,  b.  Amsterdam,  Neths.,  May  8,  1859:  R.C.  81,  N.B.S. 
88,  1.  CI.  Westchester;  ord.  by  Presb.  of  Westchester,  88  (Miss.  Pastor 
of  Immanuel  Chapel,  Yonkers,  88-93)  ;  Bronxville,  93-7  (Princeton, 
2d  Presbyt,  1897 ) 

Publications  :  Translation  from  the  Dutch  of  one  vol.  of  Dr.  Kuyper's 
"Encyc.  of  Sacred  Theology,"  1898.  Translation  of  several  of  his  articles 
and  homilies  for  the  religious  press. 

Dewing,  Jared,  N.B.S.  1820,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Miss,  at  Princetown,  1822;  Presbyt. 
(De  Wint,  Peter,  in  1749,  called  to  Bergen  and  Staten  Island;  an  impostor; 

suspended,  1751,  deposed,  1752,  went  to  West  Indies.) 

De  Witt,  John,  b.  at  Catskill,  August,  1789;  U.C.  and  C.N.J.  1809,  studied 

under  Dr.  Porter,  of  Catskill,  lie.  by  Berkshire  Assoc,   181 1    (Lanes- 

boro,  Mass.,  11-13)  I  Albany,  13-15,  Albany,  2d,  15-23,  Prof.  Ecc.  Hist. 

in  New  Brunswick  Sem.,  23-31,  also  of  Oriental  Literature,  25-31,  Prof. 

of  Belles-lettres.  Criticism  and  Logic  in  Rutgers  Col.,  25-31;  d.  Oct.  11, 

1831.     Elected  a  trustee  of  Q.C.  1823.     D.D.  by  U.C.  1821. 

He  had  traits  different  from  most  men.     Indeed,   he  was  a  sui  generis 

man.      His   temperament   was   warm   and   impulsive,    with   a   vivacity  and 

sprightliness  that  sometimes  ran  into  excessive  levity.     His  faculties  were 

very  vigorous,  and  he  had  a  versatility  that  was  indulged  to  a  fault.     While 

he  was  a  pastor  he  sought  to  know  everything.     He  was  distinguished  by  a 

marked  individuality  if  not  originality  of  mind.     He  did  and  said  things 

in  his  own  way,  and  as  no  one  else  was  likelv  to  do  or  say  them ;  vet  he 


420  THE    MINISTRY. 

always,  or,  at  least,  generally,  did  and  said  them  well.  He  excelled  almost 
any  man  in  solving  knotty  problems  in  theology,  and  in  elucidating  difficult 
and  complicated  texts  and  subjects.  His  induction  into  the  professorial 
chair  was  of  great  and  evident  advantage  to  him,  inasmuch  as  it  served  to 
concentrate  his  mind,  and  restrain  its  tendencies  to  an  excessive  excursive- 
ness,  while  it  gave  him  an  opportunity  to  bring  his  multifarious  acquire- 
ments to  bear  upon  his  special  department  of  labor.  He  was  somewhat 
abrupt  in  speech  and  manner,  yet  a  man  of  much  kindness  and  hospitality. 
— Rev.  Gabriel  Ludlow. 

He  commenced  the  study  of  law  in  Kinderhock;  but,  his  mind  having 
been  brought  under  deep  religious  convictions,  he  felt  called  to  devote  him- 
self to  the  ministry.  In  Albany  he  was  the  colleague  of  Dr.  Bradford.  The 
church  of  Albany  had  two  buildings  in  different  parts  of  the  city,  and  in 
1815,  when  the  collegiate  connection  was  dissolved,  the  two  pastors  drew 
lots  to  decide  to  which  churches  they  should  respectively  go. 

He  was  a  man  of  frank,  joyous,  and  genial  nature,  yet  of  acute  and  ten- 
der sensibilities.  His  piety  was  ardent.  His  preaching  eminently  plain, 
evangelical,  and  earnest.  His  manner  in  the  pulpit  was  unaffected,  digni- 
fied, and  serious,  his  voice  clear  and  strong,  and  his  enunciation  distinct 
and  deliberate.  No  man  could  listen  to  him  without  pleasure  and  instruc- 
tion. As  a  pastor  he  enjoyed  in  a  high  degree  the  confidence  and  affection 
of  his  people,  and  his  separation  from  them  was  an  event  deeply  regretted 
by  them  all.— See  "Evang.  Quarterly."  ii,  114.  and  sketch  in  "Sprague's 
Annals."  •'Centennial  of  N.  B.  Sem.."  433.  "Johnson's  Sketches  of  Ch.  of 
Albany,"  1899,  p.  31. 

Publications:  Disc,  on  death  of  Dr.  J.  H.  Livingston.  1825.  A  Ser.  on 
"Infant  Baptism."  "The  Bible  pf  Divine  Origin":  A  premium  tract.  A 
Ser  on  the  "Necessity  of  the  Atonement."  1830.  in  "Murray  St.  Lecture^." 
and  "The  Scripture  Doct.  of  Regeneration."  1832. 

De  Witt,  John  (son  of  John  De  Witt,  above),  b.  Albany,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  29. 

1821;  R.C.  38,  N.B.S.  42.  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Ridgeway,  Mich,  42-4.   Ghent, 

N.  Y.,  1st,  44-9,  Canajoharie.  N.  Y.,  49-50,  Millstone,  N.  J.,  50-63.  Prof. 

of  Bib.   Lit.   in   N.B.S.,   63-84,    Prof,  of  Hellenistic  Greek   and   N.   T. 

Exegesis,    N.B.S.,    84-92,    resigned.     D.D.    by    R.C,    i860     LL.D.    by 

Lafayette  Coll.,  1882.  Litt.D.  by  C.C..  [888. 
Dr.  De  Witt  was  very  prominent  in  the  plans  which  ultimated  in  the 
fourth  professorship  in  the  New  Brunswick  Seminary  in  1865.  The  com- 
mittee, in  reporting  to  Synod  in  1866,  say:  "Your  committee  feel  that  they 
cannot  close  this  report  without  a  special  acknowledgment  of  the  great 
service  rendered  the  church  by  Prof.  John  He  Witt,  D.D.,  who  initiated 
the  present  movement,  obtained  the  principal  part  of  the  large  amount  that 
has  recently  been  subscribed  for  the  various  purposes  of  the  institution,  and 
of  whom  it  is  especially  to  be  noted,  that  by  untiring  zeal  and  energy,  al- 
though with  the  hearty  co-operation  of  his  colleagues,  he  carried  the  effort 
to  carry  the  fourth  professorship  to  a  successful  termination."- -"Mints. 
Gen.  Syn.,"  1866,  p.  94. 

He  was  also  equally  active  in   subsequent   efforts  for  increasing  the  en- 


THE    MINISTRY.  4-21 

dowments  and  multiplying  the  buildings  and  developing  the  library.  He 
increased  the  endowments  by  personal  efforts,  although  in  no  large  amounts, 
by  the  sum  of  about  $70,000.  After  the  appointment  of  Rev.  Jas.  A.  H. 
Cornell  as  financial  agent  of  General  Synod  (1869-73),  the  New  Property 
Committee  assumed  these  responsibilities. 

Dr.  De  Witt  was  invited  to  become  a  member  of  the  American  Old  Testa- 
ment Revision  Company,  at  its  formation  in  1872.  When  the  Anglo-Amer- 
ican edition  was  published,  in  1885,  he  was  requested  by  the  American 
committee  to  prepare  the  Old  Testament  for  a  future  American  edition,  by 
incorporating  the  Appendix  in  the  text.  His  report  concerning  the  incom- 
pleteness of  the  Appendix  led  to  the  enlargement  of  the  plan,  and  resulted 
in  the  publication  of  "The  American  Standard  Edition" :  Thos.  Nelson  & 
Sons,  August,  1901.  With  the  surviving  members  of  the  company,  Dr.  De 
Witt  labored  upon  this  edition  up  to  its  very  issue,  although  he  was  eighty 
years  of  age  at  its  date  of  issue. 

Publications  :  "Our  Catechisms  and  Confessions" :  A  series  of  articles 
in  the  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  1872.  "The  Sure  Foundation  and  How  to 
Build  On  It,"  i860.  "The  Praise  Songs  of  Israel,  a  New  Rendering  of  the 
Psalms,"  1884;  2d  ed.,  1886;  3d  ed.,  with  introductory  essay  and  notes,  1891. 
"What  Is  Inspiration?  A  Fresh  Study  of  the  Question,  with  New  and 
Discriminative  Replies,"  1893.  "Progressive  Revelation,"  not  yet  pub- 
lished. 
De  Witt,  John  Ten  Eyck,  s.  of  Richard  De  Witt,  b.  Guilford,  N.  Y.,  Sept. 

22,  1867;  R.C.  89,  N.B.S.  92,  1.  CI.  Ulster;  Oradell,  1892— 
De  Witt,  Peter,  b.  at  Flatbush,  1739;  C.N.J.  1769,  studied  theol.  under  Liv- 
ingston, lie.  by  General  Meeting  of  Ministers  and  Elders,  1778;  Rhine- 
beck,  Rhinebeck  Flats,  87-98,  and  Upper  Red  Hook.  1788-91.  Ponds  and 
Wyckoff,  1 798- 1809,  d. 
De  Witt,  Richard,  b.  at  Hurley,  N.  Y.,  July  21,  1839;  R.C.  60,  N.B.S.  63.  1. 
CI.   Kingston;   Guilford,   64-71.   Spring  Valley,   71-76,   Walkill   Valley, 
77-89,  Flatbush   (Ulster  Co.),  N.  Y.,  89-1901,  d.  Feb.  20. 
He  was  a  wise  and  devoted  pastor,  and  an  able  exponent  of  the  Gospel. 
He  entered  heartily  into  all  the  personal  and  social,  as  well  as  the  church 
life  of  his  people.     He  never  deemed  any  labor  to  be  too  hard  to  be  done, 
nor  any  self-denial    a  cross.     He  was  a  man  of  eminent  good  sense  and  a 
wise  adviser.     Modest  in  his  self-appreciation,  he  was  rated  high  by  all  who 
knew  him.     "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1901,  1233.     "Biog.  Notices,  Grads  R.C," 
1901,  12. 

De  Witt,  Thomas,  b.  at  Kingston,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  13.  179*  ;  U.C.  1808;  studied 

theology  under   Brodhead  and   Froeligh,  and  at  N.B.S.    1812,   lie.   CI. 

N.B. ;   Hopewell  and   New   Hackensack,   Nov.   24,   1812-25.   Hopewell, 

1825-7,  New  York,  1827-74,  d.  May  18.     Elected  a  trustee  of  R.C.  1840; 

of  C.C.  1858.     Ed.  of  "Ch.  Int."  1831-43-     D.D.  by  R.C.  1828. 

In  his  boyhood  he  evinced  a  sedate  disposition  and  a  taste  for  reading  and 

study.     He  was  seldom  seen  without  a  book  in  hand.     He  was  the  favorite 

pupil  of  the  teacher  among  almost  a  hundred  classical  students.     He  did  not 

unite  with  the  church  till  after  the  close  of  his  collegiate  course.     It  was  the 


422  THE   MINISTRY. 

preaching  and  conversation  of  Rev.  Dr.  Gosman  which  helped  him  to  form 
his  religious  decision.  His  ministry  lasted  for  sixty-two  years,  forty-seven 
of  which  were  spent  in  New  York  City  amid  scenes  of  great  activity  and 
usefulness.  He  was  peculiarly  honored  and  revered  by  all  classes  of  men 
and  all  denominations  of  Christians.  He  was  identified  with  very  many  of 
the  benevolent  and  philanthropic  societies  of  the  city,  and  was  one  of  the 
principal  factors  in  the  Bible  and  Tract  Societies.  The  dignity  of  his  pres- 
ence was  often  sought  on  literary  occasions,  and  he  was  always  ready  to 
welcome,  in  his  quaintly  courteous  style,  visitors  from  other  cities  or  other 
lands  renowned  for  their  writings  or  their  deeds.  For  thirty  years  he  was 
one  of  the  vice-presidents  of  the  Historical  Society,  and  its  president  in 
1870-2.  In  1846  he  visited  Europe,  and  secured  the  gift  to  the  Reformed 
Dutch  Church  from  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  of  the  many  original  auto- 
graph letters  which  had  been  sent  by  the  ministry  and  churches  of  America 
to  that  ecclesiastical  judicatory  between  1638-1776.  The  last  great  public 
act  of  his  life  was  the  dedication  of  the  new  church  on  the  corner  of  Fifth 
avenue  and  Forty-eighth  street.  He  seemed  feeble,  and  had  some  difficulty 
in  mounting  the  pulpit  steps,  but  when  he  came  forward  the  spirit  was 
strong  enough  to  overcome  the  weakness  of  the  flesh,  and  what  he  uttered 
seemed  like  inspiration.     He  was  then  more  than  eighty-two  years  old. 

He  was  truly  a  great  man.  The  elements  of  his  moral  greatness  were 
humility  and  truth.  From  his  humility  sprang  his  unexampled  serenity  of 
temper  and  quietness  of  spirit.  Those  who  knew  him  best  never  remember 
to  have  seen  him  impatient  under  contradiction  or  irritated  by  opposition. 
While  he  possessed  himself  the  mosf  sagacious  judgment,  he  was  not  only 
tolerant  of  differences  of  opinion,  but  tender  of  those  who  differed  from 
him.  Yet  he  was  firm  and  decided.  His  humility  kept  him  free  from 
egotism  and  boasting.  Though  by  no  means  deficient  in  the  power  of  con- 
versation, he  fully  tested  the  golden  value  of  silence.  No  observer  could 
fail  to  mark  the  simplicity  and  transparency  of  his  talk,  and  to  love  it  for 
its  '-meekness  of  wisdom."  He  had  sometimes  a  quaint  sententious  way  of 
uttering  a  poetical  thought  or  giving  a  decided  opinion. 

This  poetical  fervor  kindled  occasionally  in  familiar  intercourse,  and  was 
constantly  flaming  forth  in  his  pulpit  exercises.  It  did  not  interfere  with 
the  plain,  practical  lessons  which  all  earnest  Christians  love  to  hear  con- 
stantly enforced.  His  imagination  only  served  to  enhance  the  joy  of  the 
Gospel.  His  preaching  has  been  described  as  being  like  the  inspiration  of 
Hebrew  prophets.  He  made  thorough  preparation,  and  left  nothing  except 
the  mere  verbiage  to  the  inspiration  of  the  moment.  Exact,  careful,  sys- 
ti  in  1  lie,  severe  thought  was  the  foundation  of  his  discourses,  and  then  an 
earnest  heart  inspired  the  language  he  employed. 

Says  Dr.  Chambers:  "Nature  endowed  him  with  a  large  and  well-propor- 
tioned frame,  a  robust  constitution,  and  a  face  at  once  dignified  and  ex- 
pressive. His  expansive  forehead,  bright  eyes,  well-shaped  nose,  full  mouth 
and  rounded  chin  were  no  faint  index  of  what  dwelt  within,  and  attracted 
respect  and  confidence  in  advance.  The  prevailing  feature  of  his  character 
was  a  guileless  simplicity.  It  appeared  in  everything :  in  the  quiet  and  reg- 
ular habits  in  regard  to  food  and  sleep;  in  the  management  of  his  house- 


_^CTre 


%M/iasQz%foZ7 


THE   MINISTRY.  423 

hold;  in  conversation;  in  preaching;  in  intercourse  with  men  of  every 
class. 

"The  idea  of  doing  anything  by  indirection  seems  never  to  have  oc- 
curred to  him,  much  less  of  pretending  to  be  or  do  anything  different  from 
the  actual  fact.  He  was  naturally  a  man  of  warm  heart  and  kindly  feeling, 
domestic  in  his  tastes,  and  never  happier  than  when  in  the  bosom  of  his 
family,  yet  cherishing  wide  sympathies  with  his  kind,  and  especially  with 
the  children  of  sorrow. 

"His  mind  was  both  reflective  and  inquiring,  and  had  this  type  from  a 
very  early  period.  He  was  an  omnivorous  reader,  and  yet  not  a  oareless 
one,  for  his  marvelous  memory  allowed  little  that  he  once  knew  ever  to 
escape  him.  What  he  thus  acquired  he  assimilated  in  a  way  peculiar  to 
himself.     Every  utterance  bore  his  own  image  and  superscription. 

"His  piety  was  deep-rooted  and  intelligent,  swaying  the  whole  man,  and 
giving  tone  to  all  else  that  he  was  and  did.  It  rested  upon  the  spiritual 
apprehension  of  the  truth  as  it  is  in  Jesus.  His  humility  was  profound 
and  unaffected.  He  was  completely  exempt  from  the  jealousy  of  superior 
talent  or  reputation.  When  burdened  with  honors,  and  his  name  a  house- 
hold word  for  every  kind  of  Christian  and  ministerial  excellence,  he  never 
forgot  that  he  was  a  sinner  saved  by  grace.  When  he  lost  a  son  and 
daughter  in  their  prime,  faith  soon  resumed  its  wonted  ascendancy,  and  the 
aged  mourner  gave  an  example  of  patient  and  cheerful  submission  which 
was  alike  touching  and  instructive. 

"He  was  a  good  man.  This  feature  shone  out  brightly  in  his  prayers,  an 
exercise  in  which  he  greatly  excelled.  Its  peculiar  characteristics  were 
fullness  of  matter,  freshness,  variety,  the  apt  use  of  Scripture  language, 
simplicity,  humility,  reverence,  and  a  sacred  fervor  which  poured  itself  out 
like  a  rushing  stream  from  an  overflowing  fountain.  The  same  earnestness 
marked  his  preaching.  He  was  not  a  mere  essayist,  or  critic,  or  rhetorician. 
or  composer  of  homilies,  but  an  ambassador  of  Christ.  He  did  not  write 
out  his  discourses,  and  rarely  made  any  notes ;  but  none  the  less  was  there 
a  thorough  and  adequate  preparation.  His  material  was  patiently  gathered 
and  faithfully  digested,  his  extraordinary  memory  enabling  him  to  carry  in 
his  mind  two  or  three  distinct  trains  of  thought  at  once  without  confusion 
or  distraction.  His  whole  matter  and  manner,  his  utterance,  feeling,  and 
character,  gave  him  during  the  greater  part  of  his  ministerial  career  a  wide 
popularity.  The  old  Middle  Church  in  Nassau  street  was  often  crowded  to 
its  utmost  capacity  by  the  most  cultivated  portion  of  our  population.  His 
pastoral  fidelity  was  also  remarkable." 

See  "Memorials  of  Thos.  De  Witt,  D.D.,"  containing  a  biographical 
sketch  by  Miss  May,  funeral  addresses  by  Drs.  T.  E.  Vermilye,  Wm. 
Adams,  S.  H.  Tyng,  and  memorial  sermons  by  Drs.  Chambers,  Ormiston, 
and  Jas.  Ludlow,  and  personal  reminiscences  by  many  friends.  Also  "Col- 
legiate Ch.  Year-Book,"  1897,  457. 

Publications:  "A  Sermon  at  the  Opening  of  the  General  Synod  at 
Albany,"  1825.  "Mag.  R.  D.  C,"  i,  105,  137.  "The  Gospel  Harvest  and 
Christian  Duty,"  1830.     "The  Wisdom  and  Beauty  of  Youthful  Piety."     In 


424  THE    MINISTRY. 

"National  Preacher,"  January,  1830.  "A  Sermon  at  the  Installation  of 
Rev.  G.  W.  Bethune,"  Philadelphia,  1834.  "Funeral  Sermon  of  Rev.  David 
S.  Bogert,"  on  Aug.  4,  1839.  "Introduction  to  Rev.  F.  M.  Kip's  'Memories 
of  an  Old  Disciple,'  "  1848.  "Sketches  of  New  Netherlands,"  1844  ("N.  Y. 
Hist.  Soc.  Proceedings").  "Sources  of  the  Early  Settlements  of  N.  Y.," 
ditto.,  1848.  "A  Succinct  Tract  on  the  Hist.  Doct.  Gov.  of  R.P.D.C.  in 
N.A.,"  1848.  Hist.  Appendix  to  a  Sermon  of  Rev.  R.  W.  Dickerson,  en- 
titled "The  House  of  God,"  at  the  Dedication  of  R.D.C.  at  Fordham,  1849. 
Address  at  Laying  of  Corner  Stone  of  Twenty-ninth  Street  Church,  1851. 
Introduction  to  James'  "Young  Man's  Friend,"  1852.  Article  on  "Jeptha's 
Daughter."  In  Wainwright's  "Women  of  the  Bihle,"  1852.  An  Introduc- 
tion to  "Dunshee's  Hist.  Sketch  of  the  Parochial  School  System  in  Hol- 
land." 1853.  ''The  Tabernacle  of  God  with  Men."  A  Discourse  at  the 
Opening  of  R.D.C,  corner  of  Fifth  avenue  and  Twenty-ninth  street.  N.  Y. 
City,  1854.  Translation  from  the  Dutch  of  the  "Report  and  Instructions 
by  the  Synod  of  South  Holland,"  met  at  Breda,  July,  1730.  In  "Christian 
Intelligencer."  Feb.  1.  1855.  See  also  Sept.  23,  1852.  Address  at  the 
Funeral  of  Dr.  Brodhead,  1855  ("Broadhead  Memorial")-  Introductory 
Notice  to  "Demarest's  Translation  of  Frelinghuysen's  Sermons,"  1856.  A 
Discourse  delivered  in  the  North  R.D.C.  N.  Y.  C.  1857.  A  Discourse 
Commemorative  of  Rev.  Dr.  John  Knox,  1858  ("Knox  Memorial").  "The 
Heidelberg  Catechism  in  the  Reformed  Church  of  Holland  and  America." 
1863.  In  "Tercentenary  Monument."  p.  413-  "A  Tribute  to  the  Memory 
of  Rev.  Dr.  John  Gosnian,"  1865  ("Gosman  Memorial").  "Providence  and 
Prayer,"  1865  ;  one  of  the  South  Ch.  lectures.  An  Address  at  the  150th  An- 
niversary of  the  First  R.D.C.  of  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  1867.  In  "Steele's 
Hist.  Discourse."  An  Address  at  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  Dedi- 
cation of  the  North  R.D.  Church,  1869.  Articles  in  "Sprague's  Annals  of 
the  R.D.  Pulpit"  as  follows:  On  Rev.  Johannes  Megapolensis  ;  on  Rev.  J.  H. 
Livingston;  on  Rev.  Sol.  Froeligh  ;  on  Rev.  William  McMurray;  on  Rev. 
John  S.  Mabon.  Editorials  in  the  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  1830-52.  Com- 
munications and  translations  of  many  Dutch  Letters  and  Documents  in  the 
"Christian  Intelligencer,"  1830-74.  Many  Communications  in  the  "Hist. 
Collections  of  the  State  of  New  York."  Translations  of  Letters  in  the 
"Documentary  Hist,  of  State  of  N.  Y." 

D]  WlTZ,  C.  F..  Yankton  (Ebenezer).  S.  D.,  1806-9,  Bailey ville.  111., 
1899 

De  Young  (De  Jong),  John  Lucas  (neph.  of  J.  P.  De  Jong),  b.  Roseland, 

111.,  Dec.  12.  1872 ;  H.C.  93,  P.S.  96,  1.  CI ;  Orange  City,  la.  (Am. 

Ch.),  96-7,  d.  at  St.  Diego,  Feb.  6,  1898.  A  young  man  of  great  promise, 
but  cut  off  by  consumption  soon  after  entering  the  ministry.  See 
"Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1898,  238. 

Dey,  Richard  Varick  (grandson  of  Archibald  Laidlie),  b.  X.  Y.  C,  Jan.  11, 
1801,  C.C.  1818,  N.B.S.  1822,  lie.  by  Congregationalists  Greenfield  Hill. 
Ct.,  22-9,  Vandewater  St.  Ch.,  N.  Y.  C,  29-31,  Huguenot  Ch.,  Charles- 
ton, S.  C,  Aug.  31-Aug.  32,  supplying  Bleecker  St.  Ch..  N.  Y.  C,  and 
preaching  in  the  Apollo  rooms,  Broadway   (near  Canal  st),  32-5;  S.S. 


THE    MINISTRY.  425 

at  Upper  Black  Eddy  and  Milford,   1835.     Died  Sept.  jo,   1837.     A.M. 
by  Y.C.  1823. 

Publications  :  Fun.  Disc,  of  Mrs.  Mary  Laidlie,  1825.  There  is  a 
sketch  of  Mrs.  Dey,  who  died  Mar.  3,  1886,  in  "N.  Y.  Gen.  and  Biog. 
Record,"  vol.  xvii,  242.  She  was  Lavinia  Agnes  Scott,  of  New  Brunswick. 
N.  J.,  and  married  Mr.  Dey  Sept.  11,  1822.  See  "Collegiate  Ch.  Year-Book," 
1886,  p.  83. 

Deyo,  Paul  T.     Samsonville,  1868-70,  Dashville  Falls.  70-3,  Kiskatom,  73-5, 

Krumville,  76-93,  and  Lyonsville,  76-81,  w.  c.     Died  Aug.  16,  1901. 
Dickhaut,  Bent.  Edward,  b.  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Ap.  29,  1863 ;  R.C.  84,  N.B.S. 
87,  1.  S.  CI.  L.  I.;  ord.  by  CI.  N.  Y.,  87;  Missionary  in  N.  Y.  C,  87-9. 

Fishkill,  89-96,  South  Brooklyn,   1896 

Dickhaut,  John  Conrad,  b.  Cur  Hesse.  Ostheim,  Ger.,  Feb.  17,  1815  ;  studied 
under  Dr.  Guldin,  of  N.  Y.  C. ;  lie.  and  ord.  by  CI.  N.  Y.  about  1845  ; 
N.  Y.  C,  3d  Ger.  Refd.,  1845;  New  Brooklyn  (Ger.),  54-66,  also  New- 
town (Ger.),  56-61.  East  Williamsburgh  (Ger),  66-71,  Canarsie,  76-86, 
emeritus.     Died  Dec.  30,  1887. 
He  was  highly  esteemed,  being  an  earnest,  godly  and  zealous  man.     He 
accomplished  great  good  in  the  German  churches  to  which  he  ministered. 
He  was   careful,   prudent,   God-serving,   and   an   excellent   counselor.     He 
was  also  an  excellent  preacher,  and  his  fellow  countrymen  loved  to  hear 
him.     His  strength  lay  in  his  earnest,  consistent,  godly  life,  and  his  general 
enthusiasm  in  the  Lord's  work.     "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1888,  679. 

Dickhoff,  Wm.     Ebenezer  (Oregon),  111.,  1898. 

Dickson,  Alexander,  b.  Rathfriland,  Ireland,  Dec.  25,  1825 ;  U.C.  46,  P.S. 
46-8,  ord.  CI.  Watervliet,  May  16,  49;  Waterford,  49-52,  Albany,  3d, 
53-60,  S.S.,  Dudley  Ch.,  Albany,  60-2,  w.  c.     D.D.  by  U.C.  1877. 

Publications  :     ''All  About  Jesus,"  i2mo,  pp.  404,  1875. 

Dickson,    Henry   R.,    b.    in   Charleston,    S.    C,    1838;    Charleston    Coll.   58, 

Columbia   Sem.,   61;    lie.    Presb ,   61    (Colleton   district,    S.   C, 

18..-..,  in  hospitals  at  Richmond,  during  the  Rebellion;  Ebenezer  and 
Rockhill,  S.  C,  1865-..,  York,  S.  C.  18..-..);  Brooklyn.  1st,  75-7,  d. 
Mar.  8.  See  "Manual"  of  1879. 
Dickson,  James  Milliken,  b.  Ryegate,  Vt.,  Feb.  6,  1831;  Dart.  Coll.  53. 
U.S.  57,  lie.  N.  Y.  Presbyt.  of  Ref.  Presbyt.  Ch.,  May  20,  and  ord.  by 
same  Nov.  18,  1857  (1st  Ref.  Presb.,  Brooklyn.  57-63;  6th  Presbyt.  Ch., 
Newark,  N.  J.,  63-70;  Goodwill  Presbyt.  Ch.,  Montgomery,  N.  Y.,  70- 
83)  ;  N.  Y.  C.  34th  St.,  83-89  (Pilgrim  Cong.,  Providence,  R.  I.,  89-94)  ; 

East  New  York,  1894 

Publications  :  "The  Goodwill  Memorial" :  A  Hist,  of  Presbyt.  Ch., 
Montgomery,  N.  Y.,  including  the  general  local  history,  1880.  Contribu- 
tions to  the  press. 

Diephuis.  Jacobus,  b.  in  Neths.,  1832;  Kampen  Sem.,  Neths.,  65;  pastor  of 
Ch.  Refd.  chs.  in  Neths.,  65-87,  Huizen  being  his  last  charge ;  Worten- 
dyke,  N.  J.,  87-9,  d.  Dec.  31.     See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.."  1890.  193. 


426  THE    MINISTRY. 

Ditmars,  Cornelius  Peterson,  b.  Ap.  23.  1853,  at  Roycefield,  N.  J. ;  R.C. 

76,  N.B.S.  79,    LCI.  N.  B. ;  Leeds,  79-83,  Niskayuna,  1883 

Publications:  Many  articles  for  "Ch.  Int."  "A  Chapter  in  Ch.  His- 
tory"; Address  at  150th  Anniversary  of  Ch.  of  Niskayuna.  1900. 

Dixon,  Charles  Morrison,  b.  at  Newark.  N.  J..  May  24.   1871 ;  R.C.  94, 

N.B.S.  97.  lie.  CI.  N.  B. ;  Prattsville  and  Grand  Gorge,  N.  Y.,  1897 

Dixon,  Joseph,  Shawangunk,  1892-9  (Beemerville.  N.  J..  1899- ) 

Dobbs,  John  Francis,  b.   Liberty  Corner,   X.  J.,  July  2.   1870;   Lafayette 

Coll.  97,  U.S.  1900,  1.  by  Presb.  of  Elizabeth;   Mott  Haven.   N.  Y.   C. 

(S.S.),  98-1900,  pastor  1900 

Doe,  Walter,  P.,  b.  1813,  U.C.  44,  U.S.  46,  S.S.  at  Gansevoort.  51-3.     Died 

1887.     See  "U.  S.  Gen.  Cat." 
Doeppenschmidt,  Chs.,  b.  at  Frankfort  on  the  Main,  Ger. ;  from  Ger.  Evang. 

Assoc,  Ohio,  1856;  Jersey  City,  4th   (Ger),  1856-64,  Hudson  City,  2d 

(Ger),  1864-85,  died  May  13. 

He  was  educated  in  Germany  as  a  Roman  Catholic  priest :  became  a 
Protestant,  came  to  America,  and  did  good  work  among  the  Germans  of 
Jersey  City  for  nearly  30  years. 

Doig,  Robert,  b.  in  N.  Y.  City,  July  11,   1842;  R.C.  69,  N.B.S.  72,  1.  CI. 
Bergen;  Berne  and  Beaverdam,  72-85,  Glenville.  2d,  S5-92,  d.  June  16. 

Repeated  revivals  blessed  his  ministry  at  Berne  and  Beaverdam.  Failing 
health  compelled  him  to  seek  a  less  laborious  field.  Although  quiet  and 
unassuming,  he  filled  a  large  place  in  the  Classis.  He  was  ever  ready  to 
take  up  any  work  which  might  be  assigned  him.  He  was  largely  instru- 
mental in  founding  the  churches  of  Altamont  and  Mt.  Pleasant  in  the 
Classis  of  Schenectady.  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1893,  888.  "Biog.  Notices  of 
Grads.  R.C."  1893,  25. 

Publications:     "Hist.    Disc,   at   58th   Anniversary   of    S.S.    at   Berne." 

1880.     Fun.   Ser.  of  G.  G.   Merselis.    1882.     Fun.   Add.   D.   S.  Dyer,   1884. 

"Hist,  of  Berne,"  in  "Albany  and  Schenectady  Co.  Hist.."  1885. 

Doll,  George  J.  L.,  b.  at  Frankfort.  Germany,   1739;  c.  to  America  in  or 

before  1770;  Albany   (Ger.).   1772-5.  Kingston.   1775-1808;  died  March 

28,  181 1. 

He  preached  in  German  and  French,  when  at  Albany,  and  in  Dutch  at 
Kingston,  being  the  last  preacher  in  that  language  at  that  place.  During  the 
first  summer  of  Dr.  Gosman's  preaching  in  English,  Mr.  Doll  occasionally 
preached  in  Dutch  in  the  afternoon  to  please  the  older  people.  The  pastor- 
ate of  Domine  Doll  covered  the  trying  period  of  the  Revolution,  during 
which  he  was  as  patriotic  as  he  was  devout.  This  is  evident  from  his 
thrilling  letter  addressed  to  Gov.  George  Clinton  on  the  occasion  of  his 
inauguration  at  Kingston  as  the  first  Governor  of  the  State  of  New  York, 
on  the  30th  of  July,  1777;  and  also  from  his  letter  addressed  to  General 
Washington,  when  on  a  visit  to  Kingston  in  1782.  Kingston  was  taken  by 
the  British  under  General  Vaughan  and  burned.  Oct.  16,  1777.  There  are 
reasons  to  believe  that  they  were  at  first  reluctant  to  burn  the  church.  But 
upon  learning  of  the  active  patriotism  of  Domine  Doll  and  his  Consist' uy 


THE    MINISTRY.  42J 

they  no  longer  hesitated,  but  sacrilegiously  applied  the  torch  to  the  house  of 
God,  and  also  to  the  parsonage.  He  served  the  Church  of  Kingston  faith- 
fully and  acceptably  for  33  years,  when,  in  consequence  of  the  infirmities  of 
age  and  a  growing  desire  to  have  preaching  in  English,  a  colleague  was 
called — John  Gosman.  In  May,  1809,  he  removed  to  Kinderhook,  to  reside 
with  his  youngest  daughter,  Mrs.  Jas.  Vanderpoel.  An  obituary  of  the  day 
says :  "His  unblemished  life,  his  ardent  zeal  in  the  cause  of  religion,  the 
purity  of  his  morals  and  the  Christian  meekness  which  adorned  his  char- 
acter proclaimed  him  'the  messenger  of  truth,  the  legate  of  the  skies.'  Al- 
though he  had  no  relatives  in  this  country,  the  unspotted  excellence  of  his 
life  had  attached  to  him  numerous  and  distinguished  friends.  He  had  no 
enemies.  His  unwearied  pains  to  spread  the  Gospel  blessings,  and  to  preach 
Christ  and  Him  crucified,  had  endeared  him  to  every  member  of  his  flock. 
By  him  the  violated  law  spoke  out  its  thunders,  and  by  him  in  strains  as 
sweet  as  angels  use,  the  Gospel  whispered  peace." 

Donald,  James.     Mariaville,  1844-50,  w.  c.  1853. 

Doolittle,  Horace,  b.  at  Milton,  Saratoga  Co...  N.  Y.,  Mar.  1,  1803;  U.C.  26, 

P.S.  29,  lie.  Presb.  N.  B.,  Oct.  8,  1828,  ord.  by  Presby.  Elizabeth,  Apr. 

30,   1830   (Springfield.  N.  J.,  30-2,  South  Orange,  32-40,  both  Presb)  ; 

Pompton,  40-52.  Stanton,  52-72,  S.S.  Three  Bridges,  Aug.,  76-7,  d.  Feb. 

18,  1877. 
During  his  last  year  in  the  seminary  he  spent  his  Sabbaths  on  Neshanic 
Mountain,  for  the  Am.  Bible  Soc,  and  did  much  good.  In  his  manners  he 
was  a  gentleman ;  in  his  piety  he  was  exemplary  and  cheerful ;  in  his  preach- 
ing he  was  earnest,  instructive,  evangelical,  orthodox,  interesting,  search- 
ing, and  faithful ;  in  his  pastoral  duties  active,  untiring,  and  watchful ;  in  the 
government  of  the  church,  parental,  prudent,  and  firm  ;  and  in  the  church 
courts  prompt,  regular,  and  assiduous  in  the  discharge  of  business.  In  bis 
ministry  at  Stanton  he  was  a  revivalist,  and  was  honored  by  the  ingather- 
ings of  forty  souls  at  one  season  of  refreshing.  He  found  that  church  feeble 
and  lifeless,  and  left  it  strong  and  active,  greatly  improved.  He  was  the 
means  of  securing  to  it  a  parsonage.  He  loved  the  children  and  catechized 
them  faithfully.  He  abounded  in  pastoral  visitation  and  was  universally 
beloved  and  respected  by  his  people  for  his  consistency  and  kindness. 

Doolittle,  Philip  Melauchton,  b.  Jan.  20,  1831  (son  of  Horace  Doolittle)  ; 

U.C.   1852,   N.B.S.   1856,  1.  CI.  of  Philadelphia,   1856;   North   Branch, 

1856 D.D.  by  R.C.  1901. 

Doolittle,  Theodore  Sandford,  b.  at  Ovid,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  30,  1836;  R.C.  59. 

N.B.S.  62,  lie.  by  CI.  of  N.  Y.;  Flatlands,  L.  I.,  62-64,  Prof.  Rhetoric, 

Logic  and  Metaphysics  in  Rutgers  College,  64-93 :  d.  Ap.  19. 

Elected  Vice-President,  R.C.  1889;  acting  President.  89-91.  D.D.  by 
Wesleyan  Univer.  1872;  LL.D.  by  U.C.  1891. 

While  in  college  he  gave  decided  promise  of  literary  abilities  in  writing 
for  the  press;  and  throughout  his  life  his  pen  was  seldom  idle.  His  activity 
was  something  wonderful.  He  wrote  in  an  exceedingly  graceful  style  and 
apparently  with  little  effort.     He  was  an  omnivorous  reader,  his  memory 


4-'^  THE    MINISTRY. 

was  tenacious  and  as  a  result  he  wrote  easily  on  any  subject  which  chanced 
to  be  before  the  public.  He  traveled  much  and  wrote  letters  descriptive  of 
home  and  foreign  scenery  which  delighted  multitudes  of  readers.  He  did 
an  incredible  amount  of  work  in  many  different  directions  at  the  same  time. 
He  always  did  liis  full  measure  of  duty  in  college  and  was  ever  ready  to 
fill  a  gap  made  by  the  sickness  or  absence  of  a  colleague.  He  lectured  on 
many  subjects,  but  had  a  special  fondness  for  Architecture  and  the  Fine 
Arts.  He  preached  constantly  in  churches  of  all  denominations  and  was 
everywhere  welcomed  for  his  earnest  and  eloquent  advocacy  of  the  faith. 
But  it  was  chiefly  as  a  college  professor  that  his  work  was  done,  and  his 
influence  is  to  be  estimated.  He  was  a  teacher  by  nature,  by  culture  and 
by  choice.  He  was  always  young  in  feeling,  cheerful  in  temper  and  sym- 
pathetic with  whatever  was  bright,  beautiful  and  joyous.  He  loved  young 
people  and  never  outgrew  the  reinemhrar.ee  that  he  was  once  young,  because 
he  Still  kept  his  youthful  spirit.  With  an  inexhaustible  Umd  of  good  nature, 
with  bright  looks  and  kindly  words,  he  met  all  his  pupils  and  drew  them  to 
him  with  the  fervor  of  a  mutual  love.  In  his  government  he  always  ap- 
pealed to  the  manly  and  noble  in  the  pupil.  He  hated  to  punish  and  avoided 
discipline  up  to  the  verge  of  possible  endurance;  but  when  that  limit  was 
reached  he  was  fearless  in  administration.  The  year  he  acted  as  President 
was  one  of  the  most  orderly  and  fruitful  of  good  in  the  whole  history  of 
the  college.  Tie  taught  from  a  fulness  of  exact  knowledge,  which  was 
always  at  the  command  of  a  tenacious  memory  and  from  a  fondness  for 
giving  forth  knowledge  and  a  delight  in  witnessing  its  expansive  power  in 
the  soul.  His  acquisitions  in  every  department  of  elegant  learning  were 
well-nigh  encyclopedic.  The  pleasure  he  took  in  social  intercourse  was  a 
great  part  of  his  life.  His  friendships  were  widespread  because  his  sym- 
pathies were  so  responsive. 

Says  Dr.  Wortman,  in  his  sermon  on  Prof.  Doolittle: 

"For  nearly  thirty  years  he  was  professor  in  one  of  the  most  difficult  and 
important  departments  in  Rutgers  College.  Instructing  frequently  in  other 
branches  than  those  immediately  his  own.  he  exerted  a  marked  influence 
on  all  the  successive  classes,  particularly  in  teaching  them  true  habits  of 
philosophic  thought,  of  clear  expression,  of  forceful  utterance.  More  than 
was  generally  known,  the  financial  and  numerical  growth  of  the  college  was 
owing  to  his  large  influence  over  men,  his  constant  exertions  and  the  draw- 
ing power  of  his  individual  character.  .  .  .  He  was  gifted  in  head  and 
yet  even  more  gifted  in  heart.  Few  men  had  so  wide  learning  as  he.  He  was 
professor  and  preacher,  metaphysician  and  critic.  He  was  equally  versed 
in  literature  and  in  the  fine  arts:  in  the  sciences  and  in  practical  habits  of 
life  He  was  a  scholar  and  a  man  of  affairs,  with  keen  knowledge  of  human 
nature  and  unusual  resources  in  dealing  with  men  of  widely  different  traits- 
and  trends.  He  was  a  wide  reader,  remembered  what  he  read  and  held  it 
at  instant  use.  As  an  educator  few  were  so  well  equipped  with  all  manners 
of  learning,  which  he  could  bring  to  bear  by  way  of  historical  or  philosophi- 
cal illustrations,  whether  in  his  own  special  field  of  metaphysics  or  in  ethics. 
theology,  or  ecclesiastical  history. 


THE    MINISTRY.  429 

Dr.  Doolittle  was  a  direct  descendant  from  Sir  Archibald  Clark.  Laird 
of  Doolittle,  Midlothian,  Scotland.  From  the  Laird  of  Doolittle  the  family 
can  be  traced  back  to  Sir  Alamus  Clark,  of  Comric  Castle,  County  of  Perth. 
Scotland,  1349.  Sir  Archibald  Clark  was  a  "Roundhead"  and  tradition  says 
that  being  a  Puritan,  he  would  do  little  for  the  Church  of  England.  Hence. 
by  a  kind  of  medieval  pun,  he  was  called  Dolittle,  a  name  which  his  descend- 
ants adopted.     The  Laird  was  Assistant  Secretary  to  James  I. 

See  "The  Targum,"  Ap.  26.  1893.  "Biog.  Sketches  of  Grads.  of  R.C.," 
1893.  p.  6.  "Mints,  of  Gen.  Syn.,"  1893,  p.  895.  "Arts."  in  "Christian  at 
Work."    April  and  May,  1893,  and  in  "Ch.  Int." 

Publications  :  Editor  of  "The  Rutgers  College  Quarterly,"  1857-9. 
Various  articles  contributed  to  the  "Educational  Monthly."  1864-7.  "Ser- 
mon on  National  Thanksgiving  Day,"  1865.  "An  Account  of  the  Cen- 
tennial Celebration  of  Rutgers  College,"  1870,  8vo.  pp.  97.  Associate  Edi- 
tor of  "The  Christian  at  Work,"  1872-93,  writing  many  of  the  leading  edi- 
torials;  articles  on  a  great  variety  of  subjects:  and  the  "Weekly  Exposition 
of  the  International  Sabbath  School  Lessons,"  1879-93.  "Reviews  of  Dar- 
win, Huxley,  Tyndall,  J.  Stuart  Mill"  and  others.  Articles  on  Pantheism,. 
Positivism,  Materialism,  Spiritualism  and  many  similar  subjects  in  "Chris- 
tian at  Work,"  1873-6.  Letters,  "Across  the  Continent,"  in  "Christian  In- 
telligencer," 1875.  Address  before  the  Pacific  Branch  of  the  American 
Tract  Society,  San  Francisco.  July  19,  1875.  Article  011  Rutgers  College, 
in  "Appleton's  Cyclopedia,"  1876.  "History  of  Rutgers  College  for  the 
Bureau  of  Education  at  Washington,  D.  C,"  1876.  8vo,  pp.  125.  "History 
of  Rutgers  College"  (condensed)  for  the  "College  Book,"  1876.  "Hist,  of 
Rutgers  College"  in  "Corwin's  Manual."  1879.  Article  on  "Architecture 
of  Refd.  Ch.  in  America"  in  "Corwin's  Manual,"  1879.  "Address  of  Wei 
come  in  Behalf  of  the  Faculty  of  Rutgers  College  to  President  Gates."  1882. 
Congratulatory  Address  in  behalf  of  the  Faculty  of  R.  C.  at  Centennial  of 
New  Brunswick  Seminary,  1884.  Sketch  of  James  Suydam  and  Gardner 
A.  Sage,  in  Centennial  Vol.  of  N.  B.  Sem.,  1884.  An  exhaustive  Article  on 
"Instinct,"  in  "Presbyt.  Review."  Oct..  1886.  Address  in  behalf  of  the 
Faculty  of  R.  C.  in  Memory  of  Prof.  George  H.  Cook.  1890.  "History  and 
/Esthetics  of  Architecture."  1890.  Address  of  Welcome  in  behalf  of  the 
Faculty  of  R.  C.  at  the  Inauguration  of  President  Scott.  1891.  Two  Chap- 
ters in  "Memorial  History  of  America";  on  ihe  Story  of  the  Civil  War: 
and  the  School,  College  and  University,  1892.  Address  in  behalf  of  the- 
Faculty  of  R.  C.  at  Dr.  Wm.  H.  Campbell's  Memorial  Service,  1892.  Ex- 
tracts of  same  in  Memorial  of  Dr.  Campbell. 

Doremus,  Geo.  S.  Mott,  N.B.S.,  1897;  Presbyterian. 

Doremus,  Joseph  H..  b.  Parsippany,  N.  J..  Ap.  19.  1835:  R.C.  62:  N.B.S. 
65  ;  lie.  CI.  Passaic  ;  Presbyterian. 

Dorsius,  Peter  Henry,  b.  at  Meurs,  Ger.,  1711:  matriculated  at  Groningen 
University,  Ap.  5,  1734,  as  a  student  of  theology:  at  Leyden  University 
Sept.  17,  1736,  ditto;  lie.  CI.  Schieland.  at  Rotterdam.  Ap.  30,  1727\ 
ordained  bv  the  Theolog.  Faculty  at  Groningen,  May  29.   1737:  sailed 


43°  THE   MINISTRY. 

for  America,  July  II,  1737;  arrived  at  Philadelphia,  Oct.  5;  Bucks  Co., 
Pa.,  1737-48;  visited  Holland,  sailing  May  26,  1743,  arriving  July  14; 
sailed  for  America  Oct.  19,  1743;  arrived  in  Philadelphia  Jan.  14,  1744; 
O.  S. ;  returned  to  Holland,  1748. 

The  Consistory  in  Bucks  Co.,  Pa.,  wrote  to  Holland,  asking  for  a  min- 
ister. They  sent  funds  for  his  voyage  and  promised  him  $144  per  year.  An 
answer  was  sent  back  that  such  a  young  man  had  been  found,  but  was  not 
yet  through  his  studies  and  asked  whether  a  part  of  the  money  sent  might 
not  be  devoted  to  his  tuition.  This  was  granted.  When  about  to  start  he 
offered  to  serve  the  Deputies  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  in  any  way.  They 
gladly  accepted  his  offer  and  asked  him  to  give  them  all  the  information 
possible  about  the  German  Reformed  in  Pennsylvania.  He  wrote  to  them 
March  1,  1738.  describing  Pennsylvania  and  its  churches,  but  made  no 
reference  to  Rev.  J.  P.  Boehm  and  his  work.  On  June  9.  1738,  at  the  joint 
desire  of  the  Deputies  of  the  Synods  of  North  and  and  South  Holland, 
thirteen  questions  were  submitted  to  Dorsius,  asking  for  specific  informa- 
tion about  Pennsylvania.  Upon  receiving  them  Dorsius  invited  Boehm  to 
visit  him,  which  he  did,  Nov.  28,  1738.  Together  they  formulated  a  report 
as  to  the  number  of  Reformed  congregations  in  Pennsylvania ;  as  to  the 
number  of  these  which  each  minister  served;  as  to  the  number  of  Elders. 
Deacons  and  communicants,  as  well  as  schoolmasters  and  precentors.  This 
report  was  sent  to  Holland  in  the  spring  of  1739.  On  July  26,  1743,  he  was 
present  at  the  meeting  of  the  Synod  of  North  Holland,  meeting  at  Hoorn, 
where  he  made  a  further  report  about  Pennsylvania.  For  his  trouble  the 
Synod  recompensed  him.  On  Sept.  16,  1743.  he  appeared  before  the 
Deputies  at  the  Hague  and  made  a  report  to  them,  concerning  Pennsyl- 
vania. They  also  recompensed  him  by  a  present  in  money,  $12.  and  asked 
him  why  he  returned  to  Holland.  He  answered  that  he  wished  to  consult 
them  about  his  future;  whether  he  could  go  to  another  field,  or  organize 
a  congregation  in  Philadelphia  in  union  with  his  congregations  in  Bucks 
Co.,  in  order  that  he  might  receive  some  better  compensation,  for  his  salary 
had  been  reduced  from  $144  to  $96;  his  young  people  were  becoming  Eng- 
lish; and  the  Moravians  and  Romanists  were  active  in  his  vicinity.  He 
•^aid  that  the  only  remedy  was  to  send  more  ministers  and  have  the  Depu- 
ties guarantee  their  salaries.  The  Deputies  gave  him  permission  to  change 
his  field  or  to  organize  a  new  church  in  Philadelphia. 

The  Deputies  also  urged  his  speedy  return  and  instructed  him  to  make  out 
a  fuller  report  and  send  it,  so  that  the  Synods  of  July,  1744.  might  have  it 
for  action.  He  sailad  from  Rotterdam  Oct.  19,  1743.  and  landed  in  Phila- 
delphia Jan.  16,  1744.  O.  S. 

He  now,  with  the  assistance  of  Boehm,  prepared  a  more  elaborate  report 
of  the  conditions  and  necessities  of  Pennsylvania.  He  also  suggested  a  plan 
in  a  letter  of  Feb.  16,  1744.  by  which  the  Pennsylvania  churches  might  be- 
come self-supporting,  with  the  formation  of  a  Coctus.  He  also  prepared 
■Goetschius  one  of  the  Frelinghuysens,  Fryenmoet,  Jonathan  Du  Bois  and 
Marinus,  more  or  less  fully,  for  the  ministry. 

When  Rev.  Michael  Schlatter  arrived  on  his  mission  in   1746  he  received 


THE   MINISTRY.  431 

him  kindly,  but  he  was  not  present  at  the  preliminary  meetings  in  1746  or 
1747.  He  did  not  think  that  Schlatter  had  anything  to  do  with  the  Dutch 
churches,  but  only  with  the  German.  He  also  claimed  that  his  Dutch 
churches  in  Bucks  Co.  were  independent ;  yet  the  Consistory  of  Dorsius 
went  to  Philadelphia  in  May,  1748.  to  confer  with  Schlatter  about  their 
church.  The  fact  was  that  Dorsius  was  breaking  down  from  drink  and 
his  Consistory  wished  to  be  relieved  of  him.  His  wife  left  him  on  account 
of  his  drunkenness  and  on  Sept.  1,  1749,  his  Consistory  suspended  him  from 
service. 

Meantime  he  had  sailed  from  Philadelphia,  Aug.  4,  1748,  for  Ireland.  He 
reached  Rotterdam  finally  on  Oct.  1,  1748,  and  supplied  churches  at  Rot- 
terdam and  Maaslings.  On  July  13,  1749.  he  appeared  before  the  Deputies 
and  suggested  plans  for  the  benefit  of  the  congregations  in  Pennsylvania. 
On  Jan.  13,  1750,  he  asked  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  to  send  him  to 
d'Elmina  under  the  care  of  the  West  India  Co.,  but  the  Classis  could  not 
do  this  without  the  proper  papers  of  dismissal  from  his  congregation  in 
Pennsylvania.  He  again  met  the  Deputies  of  the  Synods,  Jan.  20,  1750,  and 
asked  for  a  dismission  from  his  church  in  America  in  order  to  go  to  d'El- 
mina in  Guinea ;  but  as  the  Deputies  had  not  appointed  him  to  Pennsylvania, 
they  said  they  could  not  dismiss  him.  By  a  letter  from  his  wife  they  also 
learned  about  his  conduct  in  Pennsylvania  and  refused  to  have  anything 
more  to  do  with  him,  referring  him  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  The 
Classis  repeatedly  asked  him  to  appear  before  them,  but  he  did  not.  On 
Oct.  5,  1750.  the  Classis  learned  all  the  facts  from  the  Deputies.  Mrs. 
Dorsius  continued  to  receive  aid  from  Holland  or  the  Pennsylvania  Coetus 
until  1776. 

See  "Dr.  Jas.  I.  Good's  Reformed  (Ger.)  Church  in  America."  "Amst. 
Cor."     "Manual  of  1879." 

Dosker,  Henry  E.  (Son  of  Rev.  Nich.  Dosker),  b.  Bunschoten,  Neths., 
Feb.  5,  1855;  Gymnasium  of  Zwolle,  Neths.,  June  24,  72\  H.C.  76;  Mc- 
Cormick  Sem.,  Chicago,  79,  1.  CI.  Grand  River ;  Ebenezer,  79-82,  Grand 
Haven,  82-6,  Lector  of  Theology,  Holland,  Mich.,  84-8,  Holland,  3d, 
Mar.,  89-94,  Prof.  Hist.  Theology,  Western  Theolog.  Sem.,  Holland. 
Mich.,  1894 

Publications:  "De  Zondagschool,"  1882.  "Levensschets  van  Dr.  A.  C. 
Van  Raalte,"  1893.  "John  of  Barneveldt,  Martyr  or  Traitor,"  1898.  "John 
Calvin,"  in  "Presbyt.  Quarterly,"  1900.  Dr.  Bavinck  on  "The  Principium 
Externum,"  in  "Presbyt.  Quarterly."  "Topical  Outline  Studies  in  Ecc. 
Hist.,"  1901.  Numerous  Magazine  Articles.  Sermon  on  Patriotism  before 
Van  Raalte  Post,  G.  A.  R.,  1901. 

Dosker,  Nicholas  H.,  b.  at  Amsterdam,  Neth.,  June  18,  1820;  Univ.  Gron- 
ingen,  Nov.  20,  1849;  lie.  by  CI.  Groningen,  Ap.  10,  1850;  ord.  by  same 
May  19,  1850  (Groningen,  50-2,  Bunschoten,  52-6,  Almkerk,  56-62, 
Harlingen.  62-9,  Zwolle,  69-73,  all  in  Holland)  ;  c.  to  America,  1873; 
Grand  Rapids,  2d,  73-83,  Kalamazoo,  83-87.  Died  Ap.  18. 
He  occupied  as  pastor  successfully  between  May,  1850.  and  April,   1873, 


43-  1  UK    MINISTRY. 

the  pulpits  of  five  Christian  Reformed  churches  in  the  Netherlands.  He 
was  more  than  mice  chosen  President  of  the  General  Synod  of  thai  church 
and  filled  other  important  positions.  He  was  also  nominated  at  one  time 
to  the  professorship  of  Practical  Theology  in  the  Seminary  at  Kampen,  but 
declined.  During  the  thirty-seven  years  of  his  ministerial  life,  no  less  than 
thirty  calls,  from  twenty-seven  churches,  were  extended  to  him,  and  so 
richly  blessed  were  his  labors  in  nearly  every  one  of  the  charges  held  by 
him.  that  either  the  church  buildings  had  to  be  enlarged  or  new  chui  el 
off  from  the  old.  He  was  an  evangelical  and  popular  preacher,  holding  the 
mystery  of  the  faith  in  a  pure  conscience:  a  safe  counselor  and  leader  in 
matter^  pertaining  to  the  polity,  the  administration  and  government  of  the 
church.  He  readily  adapted  himself  to  the  genius  and  character  of  Ameri- 
can institutions.  Loyal  to  the  Reformed  Church  and  her  interests,  and 
faithful  and  hold  in  the  utterance  of  his  convictions,  he  proved  a  very  tower 
of  strength  to  the  church  of  which  he  held  the  charge,  and  to  the  Classis 
with  which  he  was  connected  during  the  agitations  and  defections  which 
marked  the  years  1880-1882.  The  whole  period  of  his  ministerial  life  was  to 
him  a  period  of  diligent  and  hard  labor  crowned  with  large  results.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Council  of  Hope  College  from  1883  and  of  the  Board  of 
Superintendents  of  the  Western  Theological  Seminary  from  [885  until  his 
death.     "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.."  1887.  437. 

Doty,  Elihu,  b.  in  18..  ;  R.C.  1835;  N.B.S.  36;  1.  CI.  Schoharie;  voyage  to 
Java.  June-Sept..  36.  Batavia.  36-9.  Sambas.  Borneo,  June.  39-40.  in 
Borneo.  40-April.  44.  Amoy.  June.  44-5.  voyage  to  America.  Nov., 
45-March,  46,  in  America,  46-7.  voyage  to  China,  May-Aug..  47,  Amoy, 
47-59j  voyage  to  America,  Nov.,  59-Feb.,  60,  in  America.  60-1.  voyage 
to  China,  May-July,  61,  Amoy,  61-4,  sailed  for  America,  Nov.  30,  1804; 
(1.  "ii  passage. 

His  first  aspirations  after  missionary  life  were  formed  in  the  Sabbath- 
school.  In  his  studies  he  was  known  fur  his  faithful  application  and  excel- 
lent scholarship — not  showy,  but  solid — developing  excellent  judgment  and 
great  balance  of  mind,  and  winning  respect  and  confidence  by  his  earnest 
and  decided  piety.  He  was  somewhat  advanced  in  age  when  he  began  his 
preparation  for  the  ministry,  and.  by  the  advice  of  others,  overleaped  two 
years  of  the  collegiate  course.  He  was  a  man  of  massive  solidity  of  char- 
acter, and  his  religious  convictions  of  great  strength..  He  was  not  brilliant 
or  profound,  his  reading  was  not  extensive,  nor  did  he  sacrifice  much  to  the 
graces.  Yet  what  he  undertook  he  performed.  His  integrity,  intellectual 
and  moral,  was  complete,  and  no  one  ever  dreamed  of  questioning  his  con- 
scientiousness.  His  missionary  ardor  was  increased  by  the  magnetic 
presence  and  contagious  enthusiasm  of  the  genial  and  winning  David  Abeel. 
In  Borneo  his  labor  appeared  fruitless,  but  in  Amoy  he  was  abundantly  re- 
warded. In  his  later  years  in  China,  he  gave  himself  more  especially  to  the 
literary  work  of  the  mission,  preparing  for  the  press  such  works  as  were 
deemed  suitable.  He  was  admirably  fitted  for  this  department  by  his  habits 
of  accuracy,  his  candor,  judgment  and  freedom  from  caprice  and  prejudice. 
IN-  was  a  laborious  man.      There  was  no  romance  in  his  character.     A  stern, 


THE    MINISTRY.  433 

determined  worker,  he  sturdily  pressed  on.  He  met  difficulties  with  a  quiet 
heroism,  but  turned  not  aside.  He  never  spared  himself  till  friends  com- 
pelled him.  He  met  with  many  discouragements  in  the  dealhs  of  his  fellow- 
missionaries,  Abeel,  Pohlman,  Thompson,  in  the  loss  of  two  wives  succes- 
sively, and  in  asthmatic  difficulties.  At  last  he  felt  compelled  to  leave  China 
finally  to  die  among  his  brethren,  but  four  days  before  reaching  his  native 
land  he  expired.  His  disability  and  subsequent  decease  were  due  to  over- 
work. For  fourteen  years  his  salary  was  regularly  contributed  by  the  Mar- 
ket St.  Church,  N.  Y.  C.     See  fuller  sketch  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  April  6.  1865. 

Publications:  "Narrative  of  a  Tour  in  Borneo."  "Some  Thoughts  on 
the  Proper  Term  for  God  in  the  Chinese."  8vo,  pp.  28.  "Shanghai,"  1850. 
"Translation  of  Sacramental  and  Marriage  Forms  of  R.P.D.C.  into  Amoy 
Colloquial,"  1853.  "Anglo-Chinese  Manual  of  the  Amoy  Dialect."  8vo, 
pp.  212,  1853.  (This  is  in  the  Romanized  character.)  "Translation  and 
Revision  into  the  Amoy  Dialect  of  Milner's  "Thirteen  Village  Sermons,  in- 
cluding Milner's  Tract  on  the  Strait  Gate."     "Amoy,"  1854. 

Dougal,  Arthur,  b.  Alpans,  Schenectady  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  20,  1868;  U.C. 
92;  P.S.  95;  lie.  Presbyt.  of  Albany,  95;  ord.  Presbyt,  Newcastle,  95 
(Northwood,  N.  Y.  (Pres.  Miss.),  May-Sept,  94,  Berlin.  Md.,  1895- 
1900)  ;  Fort  Plain,  N.  Y.,  1900 

Douwstra,  Harm.   Rella,  3d,  1894-1902,  Kalamazoo,  3d,  1902 

Dowling,  George  Thos.,  b.  N.  Y.  C.  June  2,  1849;  Hamilton  Coll.;  Crozier 
Theolog.  Sem.  (Fellowship,  N.  J.,  Bapt..  1870-1,  Providence,  R.  I., 
Bapt.  3d,  71-3.  Cleveland,  O.,  Baptist  Central,  73-..);  Lecturing;  Al- 
bany, Madison  Ave.,  1889-92;  Lecturing;  became  Episcopalian;  Brook- 
line,  Mass. ;  Pasadena,  Cal. 

Doyle,  Daniel  P.  From  Mt.  Hermon  School;  Long  Island  City  (Sunny- 
side),  1897 

Dragt,  John  J.,  Pella  and  Firth,  Neb.,  1895-6,  Muscatine,  Iowa,  97;  Rot- 
terdam, Kan.,  1897 

Drake,  Edward  Ale.nander,  b.  Chicago.  111.,  May  11,  1871 ;  Lake  Forest 
Coll.,  94;  Aub.  Sem.,  97;  lie.  CI.  Montgomery;  Manito  and  Spring  Lake, 
111.,  1897 

Drake,  Francis  Topping,  b.  at  Southold,  L.  I.,  June  20,  1805;  R.C.  38; 
N.B.S.  41;  lie.  CI.  Orange;  Wurtsboro',  42-4,  Canastota.  44-53  (Middle 
Is.,  L.  I..  Presbyt.,  53-63,  supplied  Holly,  N.  Y.,  Presbyt.  one  year;  d. 
1867.  Feb.  18).     See  "Manual  of  1879." 

Dreyer.  John  H..  b.  1768,  New  York,  Ger.  1812-14,  went  to  Europe,  w.  c. 
1814-24,  name  stricken  from  roll ;  d.  1840. 

Drisius,  Samuel,  b.  1600,  residing  at  Middelburg  when  he  matriculated  in 
Leyden  University,  Sept.  23.  1620,  aged  20;  topic  of  study  not  specified. 
Pastor  of  an  English-speaking  church  in  England  (not  Dutch,  as  gen- 
erally said)  from  16307-1649? ;  matriculated  a  second  time,  at  Leyden, 
June  14,  1649,  as  a  student  of  Medicine;  aged  46?;  residence,  Anglus, 
England;  sailed  for  America  April  4,  1652;  New  Amsterdam,  1652-73; 
d.  April  18. 


434  THE    MINISTRY. 

His  name  first  appears  in  the  Amsterdam  Records  on  Feb.  12,  1652,  as 
Dries. 

"Inasmuch  as  the  Hon.  Directors  of  the  West  India  Co.  have  noti- 
fied the  Deputati  ad  Causas  Indicas  that  they  would  gladly  have  another 
pastor  in  the  church  of  New  Amsterdam,  and  that,  if  possible,  he  should 
also  be  able  to  preach  in  English;  and 

"Inasmuch  as  the  Assembly  has  been  informed  that  there  is  at  Leyden  a 
Rev.  Samuel  Dries,  formerly  pastor  in  England  and  who  is  able  to  preach 
in  Dutch  (Duytsche)  and  English; 

"Therefore  the  Deputati  ad  Causas  Indicas  are  authorized  to  inquire  more 
fully  and  to  learn  if  said  person  is  inclined  to  undertake  said  service." 

On  account  of  the  political  troubles  Drisius  had  left  England  about  1648-9 
and  begun  the  study  of  medicine  at  Leyden,  as  above  indicated.  He  now 
signs  his  name  as  Samuel  Dries,  instead  of  the  Latinized  form  of  Drisius. 
There  is  a  slight  discrepancy  as  to  his  age,  but  there  is  no  doubt  as  to  his 
identity  with  the  Drisius  of  1620.  There  is  also  some  confusion  in  the 
translation  of  "Duytsch."  This  has  been  translated  by  "German,"  but  it 
really  means  Dutch,  which  is,  however,  generally  expressed  by  "Neder- 
duytsch."  His  name  is  Dutch — Dries,  Driesch,  being  the  same  as  van  Dries- 
sen.  Hence  the  statements  that  he  was  a  German  and  brought  up  in  the 
German  tongue,  seem  incorrect.  The  latter  certainly,  for  he  was  edu- 
cated at  Leyden.  The  Minutes  also  speak  of  him  always  as  having  been  a 
"pastor  in  England,"  not  a  "Dutch  pastor  in  England."  It  would  seem  then 
♦  hat  his  ministrations  for  a  score  of  years  had  been  in  English,  and  hence 
the  Classis  wanted  to  know  if  he  could  yet  speak  Dutch  well.  For  on  Feb. 
26  we  read  that  he  was  educated  by  Duitsche  parents  and  in  the  Duitsche 
tongue ;  the  Classis,  therefore,  determined  to  make  trial  how  they  like 
his  Duitsche  pronunciation.  This  latter  certainly  means  the  Holland 
tongue;  and  his  trial  sermon  is  referred  to  in  the  next  session  (March  n) 
as  having  been  in  "Nederduytsch."  On  March  18  he  presented  commenda- 
tory testimonials  from  the  entire  Consistory  of  the  English-speaking  Presby- 
terian Church  of  Amsterdam.  This  implies  that  he  preached  in  English 
while  in  England. 

On  April  4.  1652,  the  Directors  of  the  West  India  Company  wrote  to 
Stuyvesant:  "At  your  request  for  another  preacher  whom  you  desire,  if 
possible,  to  preach  in  the  English  language,  we  have  made  every  effort  and, 
at  last,  as  if  sent  by  the  Lord,  Domine  Samuel  Dries,  a  bachelor  of  about 
40  (?)  years,  has  made  his  appearance,  who,  on  account  of  the  perturbances 
in  England,  where  he  had  been  preaching,  being  born  of  Dutch  parents, 
retreated  from  there.  He  has  the  reputation  of  being  a  very  pious  man 
and  possessed  of  great  gifts,  is  able  to  preach  in  both  languages,  English 
and  Dutch,  and.  if  necessary,  even  in  French.  He  is  said  to  be  of  a  very 
peaceful  disposition  and  agreeable  conversation,  so  that  we  are  confident 
the  community  will  be  pleased  with  him  and  that  he  will  be  a  great  instru- 
ment for  the  propagating  of  God's  holy  Word  and  glory;  also  a  suitable 
assistant  to  the  old  gentleman.  Domine  Megapolensis.  We  have  allowed 
him  a  salary  of  100  florins  per  month  ($40,  or  $480  per  year)  and  250  florins 
per  year  for  subsistence."     .     .     .     "He  is  unmarried."     .     .     .     O'Callag- 


THE   MINISTRY.  435 

han  (ii,  191)  makes  the  same  mistake  about  his  age,  following  the  Directors. 
He  subsequently  married  Lysbeth  Juriaensen,  widow  of  Isaac  Greveraet. 
She  died  in  1688.  Munsell.  in  his  "Annals  of  Albany,"  gives  an  interest- 
ing account  of  Mrs.  Drisius  (vii,  93).  We  have  seen  not  a  single  docu- 
mentary reference  that  Drisius  could,  or  ever  did,  preach  in  German.  On 
account  of  his  knowledge  of  English,  he  was  employed  as  envoy  to  the  Gov- 
ernor of  Virginia,  to  negotiate  a  commercial  treaty.  He  united  with  Mega- 
polensis  in  protesting  against  the  Lutherans.  They  even  induced  Governor 
Stuyvesant  to  issue  a  proclamation  breaking  up  their  so-called  conventicles. 
Fines  and  imprisonments  were  suffered  by  some  for  a  violation  of  the  order. 
Complaints  were  finally  made  to  the  W.  I.  Company,  who  administered  a 
just  rebuke.  It  was  Drisius  who  first  proposed  to  the  company  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  Latin  school  in  New  Amsterdam,  that  the  youth  might  not 
be  required  to  go  to  Boston  to  secure  a  classical  education.  For  a  while 
he  preached  to  the  Huguenot  and  Vaudois  settlers  on  Staten  Island  once  a 
month,  but  ill-health,  after  a  few  years,  compelled  him  to  relinquish  these 
services.     See  "Baird's  Daille." 

See  "Amst.  Cor.,"  many  letters.  "Doc.  Hist.."  iii,  69.  "Col.  Hist.,"  i, 
496,  iii,  75,  646.  "Gen.  and  Biog.  Rec,"  vii,  61.  His  letters  are  now  in 
course  of  publication  by  the  State  of  New  York.  It  would  be  interesting 
to  hunt  up  the  place  of  his  preaching  for  many  years  in  England.  Probably 
a  reference  would  be  found  to  it  in  the  Mints,  of  the  Presbyterian  Church 
of  Amsterdam,  1649-52.     These  Minutes  are  intact  from  1600. 

Drury,  John  Benjamin,  b.  Rhinebeck,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  15,  1838;  R.C.  58; 
N.B.S.  61;  lie.  CI.  Poughkeepsie ;  Miss,  to  Davenport,  la.,  61-2, 
Ghent,  1st,  64-87,  Editor  of  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  1887— D.D.  by 
R.C.  1880;  Vedder  Lecturer,  1883;  Lecturer  in  Summer  School  of  Am. 
Institute  of  Christian  Philosophy,  1885 ;  Pres.  of  Gen.  Synod,  1886. 

Publications  :  "Plea  for  a  Neglected  Study,"  "Am.  Ed.  Monthly,"  1867. 
"Darwinism,"  "Scribner's  Monthly,"  1875.  "Hist.  Sketch  of  First  Refd. 
Ch.  of  Ghent,  N.  Y.,"  1876.  "Reformed  Ch.  of  Rhinebeck:  Historical  Ad- 
dress," 1881.  "Saratoga  of  To-Day";  in  "Outing."  Vol.  i,  No.  1,  May, 
1882.  "The  Catskill  Mountains";  in  "Outing,"  Vol.  i,  No.  4,  Aug.,  1882. 
"Truths  and  Untruths  of  Evolution:  Vedder  Lecture:  New  York,"  1884. 
"How  Best  to  Work  the  Presbyterian  System  as  Respects  the  Eldership 
and  Diaconate";  "Proceedings,  Fourth  General  Council  of  Alliance  of  Re- 
formed Churches":  London,  1888.  Address,  "Closing  Session  of  Fifth 
General  Council,  Alliance  of  Reformed  Churches":  Toronto,  1892;  in  "Pro- 
ceedings," p.  432.  "Relation  of  Truth  and  Time,"  "Christian  Thought," 
1885,  Vol.  iii,  No.  3,  p.  181.  "George  Hammell  Cook  as  a  Scientist";  in 
"Memorial:  Services  in  Kirkpatrick  Chapel,"  June  17,  1890,  p.  28.  "Fed- 
eral Union  of  Reformed  Churches,"  "Presbyt.  and  Reformed  Review," 
1891,  Vol.  ii,  p.  292.  "Rev.  Dr.  William  Henry  Campbell  as  a  Teacher"; 
in  "Rutgers  College  Publications,"  1894,  p.  37.  "The  Pulpit  and  Modern 
Unbelief,"  "Christian  Thought,"  June,  1894,  Vol.  xi,  No.  6,  p.  452.  Articles 
on  the  "Meetings  of  the  General   Synod  of  Refd.   Ch.   in   America";   in 


436  THE    MINISTRY. 

"Presbyt.  and  Refd.  Review,"  yearly  since  1897.     Editorials  and  Articles  in 
"Ch.  Int.,"  since  1887.     Numerous  Articles  for  the  Press. 

Duisbink  Gerrit  Hendrik,  b.  Overisel,  Mich.,  Dec.  3,  1866;  H.C.  92;  W.S. 
95;  I.  CI.  Holland;  Holland,  3d,  Mich.,  1895 

Publications:     Hist.  Sketch  of  3d  Ch.  Holland,  Mich.,  1899. 

Du  Bois,  Anson  (son-in-law  of  P.  S.  Wynkoop),  b.  at  Catskill,  Aug.  29, 
1821 ;  R.C.  47;  N.B.S.  50;  1.  and  ord.  CI.  Greene;  Miss,  to  Thousand 
Isles,  50-4 ;  Kingston,  2d,  54-9,  Cor.  Sec.  Bd.  Dom.  Missions,  59-62, 
Schenectady,  2d,  62-9,  teaching  classical  and  Eng.  school  at  Amelia 
C.H.,  Va.,  69-70,  and  preaching  to  Dutch  settlers  at  Amelia  CH.  and 
Mattoax,  Va.,  69-70;  Flatlands,  70-82,  St.  Thomas,  W.  I.,  82-6,  supply 
at  Owasco  Outlet,  86,  Athenia,  N.  J.,  86-1901 ;  Emeritus.  President  of 
Gen.  Syn.,  1865.    D.D.  by  U.C.,  1865. 

Publications:  Many  articles  in  the  "Ulster  Democrat,"  1857-8:  in  the 
"Ch.  Intelligencer,"  1860-2,  and  "Historical  Arts"  in  "Catskill  Recorder" 
and  "New  Paltz  Independent."  Sermon  on  death  of  Rev.  Dr.  C.  D.  West- 
brook,  "Ch.  Int.,"  Apr.,  1858;  "Native  Ministry  of  R.D.C.,  Dec.  20.  i860; 
"The  Kingdom  of  God,"  a  Ser.  before  Gen.  Synod,  June  6,  1866;  in  the 
"Schenectady  Star,"  "The  Closing  Year,"  Dec.  1865;  "Six  Sermons  to 
Young  Men,"  Mar.,  1868;  in  "The  Sower,"  three  articles  on  "Organic 
Union,"  Sept.  and  Oct.,  1873;  articles  in  "Rural  Gazette,"  Flatbush,  N.  Y. ; 
articles  on  Rev.  Jas.  Romeyn  and  Brogun  Hoff,  in  "Manual  R.C.A.,"  1869, 
1879 !  Opening  Address  at  Du  Bois  Reunion,  1875 ;  "The  True  Purpose  of 
Life";  a  fun.  ser.  at  death  of  E.  H.  Tanner,  1853.  See  "Du  Bois  Bi-cen- 
tenary  Reunion,"  44-71. 

Documents  and  Family  Hist,  of  Benj.  Du  Bois,  who  settled  at  Catskill, 
1727,  4to,  1878.  "Hist,  of  Church  of  Flatlands";  in  MSS.  in  Sage  Library; 
printed  in  "Stile's  Hist.  Kings  Co.,  N.  Y.,"  1884. 

Pamphlets :  Memorial  Sermon  for  Rev.  Wm.  O.  Allen,  25  yrs.  pastor 
R.D.S.,  St.  Thomas,  W.  I.,  1885.  Sermon  against  Sunday  Opening  of  Co- 
lumbian Exposition,  1893.  "Our  Duty  to  the  Future;  an  Address  at  Com- 
mencement of  Western  Theolog.  Sem.,  Holland,  Mich.,"  1895. 

Du  Bois,  Benj.,  b.  at  PittsgroVe,  N.  J.,  Mar.  30,  1739;  studied  under  J.  H. 

Goetschius,  1.  by  the  American  CI.   1764;   Freehold  and  Middletown, 

1764-1827;  d.  18. .  Elected  a  trustee  of  Q.C.  1783. 
He  was  a  son  of  Lewis  Du  Bois,  of  French  extraction.  He  was  a  man  of 
great  prudence  and  moderation,  whose  sentiments  were  not  put  forth  in  an 
offensive  manner.  He  was,  however,  firm  and  decided  in  his  opinions,  and 
delivered  a  sermon  on  the  subject  of  the  Coetus  and  Conferentie  difficulties 
soon  after  his  settlement,  which  was  displeasing  to  Do.  Erickzon,  who  yet 
lived  in  the  congregation  and  who  now  consorted  with  the  latter  party.  He 
married  Femmentjc  Denise,  a  member  of  his  congregation,  and  had  ten 
children,  several  of  whom  settled  in  Ohio.  He  lived  in  troublous  times. 
The  subjects  of  independent  jurisdiction  and  of  language  Were  both  under 
discussion  in  the  early  part  of  his  ministry.     It  required  no  ordinary  share 


THE    MINISTRY.  437 

of  meekness  to  maintain  a  proper  spirit  in  such  times.  Yet  he  maintained 
his  position  among  this  people  as  their  pastor  during  the  space  of  sixty- 
three  years.  During  the  Revolution,  so  ardent  was  he  in  the  cause  of 
human  liberty,  that  he  frequently  shouldered  his  gun  and  knapsack  and 
went  out  in  his  turn  on  patrol — "like  a  pack-horse,"  as  his  enemies  said. 
He  was  perfectly  fearless.  At  one  time,  when  he  was  out  in  a  skirmish, 
such  was  his  eagerness  to  press  on  the  enemy  that  he  could  not  be  kept  in 
line,  and  Colonel  Holmes  was  obliged  to  make  a  different  disposition  of  his 
troops  and  bring  him  further  back,  lest  he  should  be  singled  out  and  shot 
down  by  the  enemy.  He  frequently  preached  to  his  people  on  the  subject 
of  the  war,  exhorting  them  to  do  their  duty  faithfully  to  their  country,  and 
invariably  he  made  their  struggle  for  liberty  the  subject  of  his  public 
prayers.  His  bodily  infirmities  toward  the  latter  part  of  his  ministry  greatly 
increased,  so  that  he  sometimes  fainted  in  the  pulpit,  and  in  1817  the  Con- 
sistory gave  him  a  colleague  in  Rev.  S.  A.  Van  Vranken. — "Hist.  Dis.  by 
Marcellus."  "Du  Bois  Reunion,"  107,  147.  Rev.  T.  W.  Wells'  "Hist.  Disc, 
at  Marlboro',"  1877.     "Proceedings  N.  J.  Hist.  Soc,"  iii,  133. 

(His  great-grandson,  Benj.  Du  Bois  Wyckoff,  a  Presbyt.  minister,  b. 
1834;  Hanover  Coll.  18. .  ;  Allegheny  Sem.,  18. .  ;  Miss,  to  Allahabad,  India, 
60-2,  Minpooric,  62-8,  in  America,  69-71,  Futteghur,  Ind.,  71-5,  returned  to 
America,  75,  Archibald  and  Oliphant,  Pa.,  76-9,  Miss,  in  Greene  Co.,  N.  Y., 
79-83,  Jullinder,  Gabatha,  Ind.,  83-8,  Umballah,  Ind.,  88-95,  having  charge 
in  this  latter  place  of  a  leper  asylum.  Twenty-nine  years  were  spent  in 
India.) 

Du  Bois,  Geo.,  b.  1800,  at  New  Paltz;  studied  under  Froeligh,  1819,  1.  CI. 
Paramus,  1819;  Bloomingburgh  and  Mamakating,  1820-4,  Franklin  St., 
New  York,  1824-37,  Tarrytown,  1838-44;  d. 

He  was  remarkable  for  the  amiability  of  his  spirit  and  the  propriety  of 
his  conduct.  The  dew  of  heavenly  grace  rested  on  him  in  the  morning  of 
his  life.  He  ever  commanded  the  increasing  respect  and  attachment  of  the 
charges  to  which  he  ministered  by  the  uniformly  edifying  character  of  his 
preaching,  the  consistency  of  his  character,  and  the  practical  wisdom  and 
diligence  displayed  in  prosecuting  all  the  details  of  his  ministerial  and  pasto- 
ral works.  When  called,  as  a  young  man,  to  succeed  the  venerable  Bork 
in  New  York,  whose  preaching  was  distinguished  by  rich  evangelical  senti- 
ment and  holy  unction,  he  sustained  the  position  well,  and  won  the  strong 
confidence  and  cordial  affection  of  the  people.  Symptoms  of  a  pulmonary 
disease  led  him  to  leave  the  city.  In  each  of  his  charges  his  ministry  was 
successful.  He  was  favored  with  several  revivals.  These  excited  his  zeal, 
and,  unconscious  of  the  pressure  of  these  labors  upon  him,  his  constitution 
was  breaking.  When  laid  aside  from  his  duties,  he  displayed  the  same 
beautiful  spirit  in  sickness  as  he  had  in  health.  His  mind  was  uniformly 
calm  and  placid,  while  his  soul  rested  in  quiet  confidence  on  his  Redeemer. 
His  character  was  one  of  beautiful  symmetry.  In  his  mental  constitution 
there  was  nothing  brilliant  or  acute;  but  with  a  well-balanced  and  sound 
mind,  and  by  uniform  industry,  his  efforts  were  always  highly  respectable. 
His  preparation  was  always  made  with  care,  his  sermons  being  well  di- 


43* 


THE    MINISTRY. 


gested,  rich  in  evangelical  matter,  discriminating  in  the  delineation  of  Chris- 
tian experience,  and  always  edifying.  He  was  modest  and  unobtrusive  in 
manner,  cautious  and  discriminating  in  practical  matters,  ever  following  the 
convictions  of  duty  with  calm  decision.  He  commended  himself  to  all  by 
his  evident  sincerity  and  singleness  of  purpose,  and  his  blameless  and  useful 
life.  He  published  "A  Caution  to  the  Temperate,"  1829.  See  "Bi-Centen- 
nial  of  Ch.  Tarrytown,"  147. 

Du  Bois,  Gideon,  Aquackanonck,  1724-6. 

Du  Bois,  Gualtherus   (son  of  Rev.  Peter  Du  Bois,  of  Amsterdam),  b.  at 
Streefkerk,  Holland,  1671 ;  lie.  by  CI.  of  Amsterdam,  Apr.  5,  1695 ;  ord. 
by  same,  June  1,  1699,  New  York,  1699-1751 ;  died  Oct.  9.     Supplied 
Hackensack  1728-30  and  Bergen  and  other  places  occasionally. 
In  the  last  edition  of  the  "Manual,"  he  is  put  down  as  a  graduate  of  Ley- 
den  University,   1697.     This  was  stated  on  the  authority  of  De  Ronde's 
funeral  sermon,  as  quoted  in  "Doc.  Hist.,"  iii,  324.     But  his  name  does  not 
appear  in  the  printed  catalogues  of  either  Leyden,  Utrecht  or  Groningen. 
Yet  in  the  Mints,  of  Classis,  quoted  below,  laudable  certificates,  ecclesi- 
astical and  academic,  were  read.    His  father,  Rev.  Peter  Du   Bois,  was 
called  from  the  church  of  Gorcum  to  Amsterdam,  and  installed  there,  May 
25,  1687,  and  died  March  3,  1698,  being  the  100th  minister  settled  in  the 
Collegiate  Church  of  Amsterdam,  after  the  Reformation  (Wagenaar's  "De- 
script,  of  Amsterdam,"  ii,  145).  There  is  only  one  Du  Bois  mentioned  in  the 
Leyden  Catalogue — Adrian  Du  Bois,  who  matriculated  Sept.  9,  1746,  as  a 
student  of  Theology,  annos  academicos  habens,  and  only  one  in  Utrecht 
University — Henry  Francis  Gualtherus  Du  Bois,  but  this  was  as  late  as 
1874.     There  is  no  Du  Bois  in  the  catalogue  of  Groningen.       That  of 
Franeker  the  writer  does  not  possess,  if,  indeed,  it  was  ever  printed. 

The  first  reference  to  Mr.  Du  Bois  in  the  Minutes  of  the  Classis  of  Am- 
sterdam is  on  Oct.  4,  1694 :  "Revs.  Abrahamus  Lakens,  Jacobus  Vergeyck, 
Gualterus  Du  Bois,  Nicholas  Colvius,  John  Godefridus  Daily,  all  studiosi 
S.S.  Theologise,  ask  to  be  admitted  to  the  preparatory  examination.  On 
reading  their  laudable  certificates,  both  ecclesiastical  and  academic,  the  Rev. 
Classis  granted  their  request.  There  were  given  as  texts  to  the  first,  Rom. 
5:  12;  to  the  second,  Rom.  3:  28;  to  the  third  (Du  Bois)  Rom.  3:  25; 
'Whom  God  hath  set  forth  to  be  a  propitiation,  through  faith  in  his  blood,' 
etc.;  to  the  fourth,  Rom.  10:  4;  to  the  fifth,  Rom.  9:  13.  The  time  for  the 
examination  will  be  the  first  Monday  in  April."  "Mints.  Classis  of  Am- 
sterdam," Vol.  viii,  p.  215. 

They  accordingly  preached,  on  April  5,  1695.  preparatory  to  examination 
for  licensure.  "They  thereby  gave  such  satisfaction  to  the  Assembly  that 
they  were  further  admitted  to  the  subsequent  examination  in  the  principal 
articles  of  Sacred  Theology.  Therein  they  showed  themselves  so  ready  in 
their  answers,  not  only  in  giving  an  account  of  the  sound  Word,  which  is 
according  to  doctrine,  but  also  in  the  removing  and  solving  of  the  subter- 
fuges and  objections  of  those  who  are  outside  our  circle,  that  the  Rev. 
Classis  made  no  objection  to  admit  them  unanimously  to  public  preaching, 
for  the  exercising  of  their  gifts,  wherever  and  whenever  they  might  be 


THE   MINISTRY.  439 

requested.  They  doubt  not  but  that  in  due  time  they  will  be  worthy  in- 
struments for  the  upbuilding  of  Christ's  Church  and  laborers  that  need  not 
be  ashamed.  To  this  end  the  Classis  invoked  upon  all  of  them  the  bless- 
ing, rich  in  grace,  of  the  Most  High.  They  will  be  provided  with  let- 
ters and  proper  testimonial,  after  they  have  signed  the  Formulae  of  Con' 
cord."     Vol.  viii,  226-7. 

During  the  next  four  years,  1695-9,  the  church  of  New  York  was  going 
through  a  great  crisis,  both  about  the  obtaining  of  their  charter  and  espe- 
cially the  calling  of  the  first  minister  under  their  new  charter.  The  docu- 
ments are  very  voluminous,  but  interesting.  But  all  was  settled  before  Du 
Bois  arrived  in  1699.  Rev.  Hieronyums  Verdieren  had  declined  the  call  on 
account  of  the  many  and  complex  difficulties  existing.  Van  Schaick  and 
Banker,  the  Committee  of  the  New  York  church,  said  to  the  Classis,  "that 
the  calling  of  and  sending  of  a  minister  should  be  conducted  at  the  present 
juncture  with  the  greatest  care."  One  should  be  chosen  of  a  very  pacific 
character,  in  order,  if  possible,  to  quench  the  disturbances.  Domine  SeiynS 
wrote  an  account  of  the  difficulties,  sending  over  copies  of  the  official  docu- 
ments, all  of  which  are  now  recovered.  After  several  attempts,  the  Classis, 
on  May  4,  1699,  voted  on  three  candidates,  Rev.  Gualterus  Du  Bois,  Rev. 
John  Lydius,  of  Oyfberg,  and  Rev.  Petrus  Vas.  Du  Bois  was  chosen  by  a 
plurality  of  votes  and  letters  were  at  once  written  to  New  York.  The  Classis 
says:  "From  these  nominees,  we  have  chosen  by  a  majority  of  votes,  Rev. 
Gualterus  Du  Bois,  a  young  man  of  about  28  years  of  liberal  study  and  dig- 
nified gifts.  He  is  a  son  of  our  deceased  colleague  (Rev.  Peter)  Du  Bois.  He 
is  a  very  conscientious  man  and  also  amiable  in  intercourse.  We  feel  assured 
that,  with  God's  blessing,  he  will  do  good  service  in  your  church.  Since  he 
is  an  enemy  of  all  partizanship,  we  have  good  hope  that  he  may  prove  a 
blessed  instrument  to  calm  all  your  disturbances,  both  by  his  precept  and 
example."  On  June  1,  1699,  after  preaching  a  sermon,  Du  Bois  underwent 
his  final  examination,  "and  did  so  acquit  himself  therein  that  the  Assembly 
cordially  admitted  him  to  ordination  to  the  Sacred  Ministry.  This  was 
performed  by  the  examiner,  Scrillingh,  by  the  laying  on  of  hands."  Vol. 
viii,  305.  The  next  day  the  proper  testimonials  were  given  him  by  the 
Deputies  and  a  duplicate  copy  of  his  call. 

On  March  29,  1700,  the  Consistory  of  New  York  wrote  a  letter  heartily 
thanking  the  Classis  "in  providing  us  with  such  an  excellent  pastor  as 
Domine  Gualtherus  Du  Bois.  His  learning  and  virtues  have  justly  become 
an  ornament  to  our  church.  Through  his  remarkable  zeal,  mingled  with 
gentleness,  the  troublesome  disputes  which  have,  through  each  other's 
rashness,  now  for  some  years  past  turned  our  church  topsy-turvy,  have  at 
last  been  almost  completely  extinguished.  Every  one  in  the  congregation 
takes  the  greatest  satisfaction  in  his  teaching  and  deportment."  .  .  .  "We 
clearly  perceive  the  blessing  of  the  Lord  in  this  circumstance,  for  he  has 
brought  light  out  of  darkness.  For  never  was  a  congregation  more  agi- 
tated than  ours  over  the  calling  of  a  minister ;  and  never  did  feeling  extend 
to  such  hot  antagonisms." 

In  the  fall  of  1700  the  Consistory  built  Domine  Du  Bois  a  new  parsonage. 
He  was  evidently  the  right  man  for  the  times  and  place.    The  records  of 


440  THE    MINISTRY. 

his  church,  his  correspondence  and  tradition  all  unite  in  representing  him 
as  a  man  of  a  quiet  and  peaceful  spirit.  In  seasons  of  difficulty  arising  from 
contentions,  such  as  existed  on  Long  Island  and  elsewhere,  he  exerted  a 
most  beneficent  influence  to  conciliate  and  heal.  Respectable  in  his  pulpit 
exercises,  prudent,  judicious  and  consistent  in  his  practical  course,  and 
kind  in  his  spirit,  he  won  the  affection  of  the  church  and  the  respect  of  the 
community.  He  welcomed  Schlatter  on  his  arrival,  in  1746.  He  preached 
for  the  last  time  on  Sept.  25,  1751.  He  designed  to  proceed  to  Bergen  the 
next  day  (Monday)  and  administer  the  Lord's  Supper.  But  he  was  seized 
that  Sabbath  evening  with  illness  which  in  ten  days  terminated  his  life.  He 
had  passed  his  eightieth  year.  The  newspapers  of  the  city  noticed  his  death 
with  high  praise  of  him.  He  left  a  large  amount  of  MSS.,  which  testify 
to  his  industry  and  devotedness.  In  these  he  expounds  in  order  whole 
books  of  the  Bible.  His  wife,  who  accompanied  him  from  Holland,  was 
Helena  Van  Boelen.  (But  according  to  the  "N.  Y.  Gen.  and  Biog.  Record," 
xi,  174,  he  married  Helena  Van  Boelen,  of  New  York,  Dec.  13,  1700.) 
Some  of  his  children  became  connected  with  the  leading  families  of  the  day, 
and  his  descendants  are  numerous.  He  was  the  author  of  the  plan  for  a 
Ccetus,  and  one  of  its  warmest  friends  at  its  original  institution,  in  1737,  as 
well  as  ten  years  later,  when  it  was  brought  into  practical  operation ;  but 
he  died  before  the  disruption  of  the  church  into  Coetus  and  Conferentie  and 
the  sad  contentions  which  followed.  Had  his  life  been  spared,  he  would 
doubtless  have  exerted  a  most  salutary  influence.  His  correspondence 
(which  remains  in  the  archives  of  the  church)  with  the  Classis  of  Amster- 
dam, denotes  ability  and  a  spirit  of  moderation  and  kindness.  His  hand- 
writing is  exceedingly  neat  and  distinct,  and  his  autographic  signature  pe- 
culiarly fine  and  imposing.  In  the  Consistory  room  of  the  Collegiate  Church 
there  is  a  large  and  well-executed  portrait  of  him,  which  strikes  the  be- 
holder as  characteristic  of  the  qualities  ascribed  to  him.  The  portraits  of 
all  his  successors  are  also  there  to  be  seen.  While  such  were  the  traits  of 
his  character,  he  was  so  universally  honored  that  by  virture  of  accorded 
merit  he  was,  says  Smith,  in  his  "History  of  New  York,"  more  like  a  bishop 
among  the  Dutch  churches  than  the  pastor  of  a  single  organization. — Rev. 
Dr.  Thos.  De  Witt. 

Barclay,  in  his  correspondence  with  the  Church  in  England,  throws  out  an 
unkind  fling  at  him  for  resisting  their  encroachments.  Mr.  Du  Bois  bap- 
tized Samuel  Provoost,  who  afterward  became  a  bishop  in  the  Episcopal 
Church.  This  circumstance  was  subsequently  charged  against  him,  as  in- 
validating his  office,  he  having  received  no  other  baptism !  ("Christians' 
Mag.,"  i,  92,  ii,  430,  435.) 

"Doct.  Hist.,"  iii,  324,  329,  537,  541.  "Mints.  Ch.,  N.  Y."  His  many  let- 
ters, with  other  documents,  will  be  found  in  Vol.  iii,  of  the  Amsterdam  Cor- 
respondence, when  published.  Vols,  i  and  ii,  1620- 1700,  are  now  in  press, 
being  published  by  the  State  of  New  York. 

The  "Weekly  Post  Boy,"  a  paper  of  the  day,  has  the  following  tribute 
(Oct.  14,  1751)  to  his  memory,  arranged  in  a  sort  of  blank  verse: 

"A  Gentleman  of  a  spotless  Character  and  undissembled  Goodness  ;  Amia- 


THE    MINISTRY. 


44I 


ble  in  his  Temper,  and  in  all  Points  exemplary:  Of  a  benevolent.  Disposition, 
a  diffusive  Charity,  and  for  his  engaging  Manners,  and  for  the  sanctity  of 
his  Morals,  beloved  by  all  but  the  Foes  of  Virtue.     Great  was  his  Knowl- 
edge in  sacred  Literature;  Nor  was  he  ordinarily  skill'd  in  the  liberal  Sci- 
ences: But  for  human  Prudence,   and  the  Knowledge  of  Men,  To  most 
superior  and  surpassed  by  none.     Of  a  catholic  Disposition,  and  a  Christian 
Charity.    He  never  usurped  the  Province  of  God,  Nor  thundered  his  An- 
athemas against  these  of  different  Sects,  whose  lives  were  irreprehensible. 
On  controversial  Points,  and  polemic  Theology,  often  destructive  to  vital 
Piety,  He  scorned  to  employ  his  precious  Moments ;  Yet  stripping  an  Argu- 
ment of  its   specious  Glare,   He  had  an  admirable  Talent   to  expose   its 
Disguise  and  Sophistry.     The  awful  Majesty  and  the  Rigour  of  Religion, 
He  softened  by  the  winning  Mildness  of  his  Converse;  and  those  Virtues 
which  appear  stern  and  forbidding  in  others,  Shone  in  him  with  attractive 
Beauty,  and  ineffable  Lustre.     His  Deportment  was  grave,  venerable  and 
solemn,  yet  open,  unaffected  and  familiar.     His  Discourses  remarkable  for 
a  pleasing  Variety  of  the  Natural  and  Sublime,  Yet  intelligible  to  the  most 
illiterate:  His  style  was  nervous  and  emphatic,   Yet  neither  destitute  of 
flowing  Periods,  Nor  the  Flowers  of  Rhetoric.     To  ecclesiastical  Dominion, 
and  spiritual  Bondage,  To  blind   Superstition,  and   franctic   Enthusiasm; 
with  every  species  of  ghostly  Tyranny  and  Priest-craft,  He  was  a  resolute 
and  irreconcilable  Foe:  But  for  primitive  Christianity,  and  the  Gospel  of 
Christ   (unadulterate  with  human  Inventions  or  the  Roguery  of  Priests). 
Together  with  a  Freedom  of  Enquiry  and  the  Liberty  of  Man,  A  Triumph- 
ant Defender.     Unambitious  of  Power,  Affluence  or  Honors,   He  conse- 
crated his  literary  Acquirements,  to  inculcate  Religion  in  its  Evangelical 
Purity:  And  looking  on  the  glittering  Toys  of  mortal  Life  with  a  wise 
Indifference,  He  laid  up  Treasures  in  the  Regions  above,  Where  he  now 
partakes,  as  the  Reward  of  his  Toils,  Pleasures  immortal  and  everlasting 
Repose.     By  his  Doctrine,  his  Prayers,  and  his  Life,  He  liv'd  the  Blessing 
and  Ornament  of  his  People,  for  above  the  Space  of  Fifty-two  years;  And 
longing  for  Heaven,  and  for  Heaven  mature,  He  departed  this  Life  with 
Serenity  and  Joy,  or  rather  Acclamation  and  Triumph ;  Bequeathing  to  his 
Church  Lamentation  and  Woe,  and  to  his  Followers  a  bright  and  shining 
Example.     His  remains   were   interr'd   in  the  Old  Dutch   Church,   where 
they  sleep  in  Expectation  of  a  glorious  Resurrection.     May  his  Congrega- 
tion pass  from  the  Weakness  of  regretting  him,  To  the  Contemplation  of 
his  Virtues;   And  rather  adorn  his  Memory  with   deathless    Praises   By 
imitating  his  Pattern,  and  adopting  his  Excellencies." 
See  "Winfield's  Hist,  of  Hudson  County,  N.  J.,"  383. 

Publications:  Kort  Begryp  der  waare  Christelyke  Leere,  uit  den 
Heidelberg  Catech.  uitgetrokken,  door  ordre  der  Christelyke  Synod  te  Dor- 
drecht, Anno  1618-19.  Met  eenige  verklaaringe  over  elke  Vraage  verrykt, 
voor  den  Leer — lieven  den  en  Bejeerigen  tot's  Heeren  H.  Avondmaal. 

Zamengestelt  door  Gualtherus  du  Bois,  Bedienaar  des  Godlyken  Woords 
inde  Nederduitsche  Gereformeerde  Gemeente  ter  Stede  Nieuw-York  in 
America,  24th  April,  1706.    Pages  75.    Or 


442  THE    MINISTRY. 

Compendium  of  the  True  Christian  Doctrine,  extracted  from  the  Heidel- 
berg Catechism  by  Order  of  the  Synod  of  Dort,  1618-19:  Enriched  with 
certain  Explanations  on  Each  Question  for  the  Instruction  of  those  desir- 
ing to  partake  of  the  Lord's  Supper. 

Composed  by  Gualterus  Du  Bois,  Servant  of  the  Word  of  God  in  the 
Dutch  Refd.  Church  of  the  city  of  New  York,  Ap.  24,  1706.     Pages  75- 

The  Title  in  full  is  given  in  Biog.  Appendix  to  Dr.  Bethune's  "Sermons 
on  the  Catechism."  Rev.  Dr.  A.  P.  Van  Gieson  has  a  copy  of  this  rare 
volume. 

Du  Bois,  Hasbrouck,  N.B.S.  1859,  Newark,  4th,  59-61,  Bloomingburgh, 
63-6,  Mott  Haven,  66-87 ;  also  S.S.  Union,  High  Bridge. 

Du  Bois,  John,  b.  in  Schoharie  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Mar.  5,  1812;  U.C.  39,  N.B.S.  42, 
1.  CI.  Washington;  Manheim,  43-5,  Gansevoort,  45-5°,  Cicero,  50-4, 
Boght,  54-9,  Mamakating,  59-65,  Middleport,  66-74,  Cuddebackville, 
74-80,  S.S.  at  Mamakating,  80-84,  d.  Ap.  7. 

Du  Bois,  Jonathan,  b.  in  Pittsgrove,  N.  J.,  Dec.  3,  1727;  studied  under  his 
pastor,  Rev.  David  Evans  (Presbyt.),  and  at  the  Presbyt.  Synod's 
school  at  New  London,  Pa.  Licensed  in  the  fall  of  1750;  North  and 
South  Hampton.  Pa..  1751-72,  d.  Dec.  15. 

In  his  eighteenth  year  his  attention  was  turned  to  the  ministry.  After 
studying  a  while  with  his  pastor  and  at  the  Presbyterian  Synod's  school  at 
New  London,  Pa.,  he  was  sent  with  a  letter  from  his  pastor  to  his  relatives 
at  Esopus,  N.  Y.,  asking  for  help  to  pursue  his  studies.  He  was  one  of  the 
original  trustees  of  Queen's  College,  1770.  See  "Harbaugh's  Lives,"  ii, 
380.  "Du  Bois  Reunion,"  108,  109.  He  was,  according  to  a  receipt,  already 
officiating  in  some  capacity  at  N.  and  S.  Hampton,  as  early  as  the  middle 
of  1749- 

Duby,  J.  Louis,  c.  from  Geneva,  Switz.,  1795 ;  supplied  French  Ch.,  N.  Y.  C, 

I795-7.  returned  to  Geneva. 
Duckworth,  Joseph.     Philadelphia,  South,  1896-7. 

Duiker,  A.  Danforth,  111.,  1872-4,  Milwaukee,  74-8,  Grand  Haven,  1st,  Mich., 

78-81 ;  seceded :  Grand  Haven,  1882. 
Duiker,  Roeloff,  Grandville,  Mich.,  1888-92,  Grand  Rapids,  8th,  92-1896, 

emeritus. 
Duiker,  Wm.  John   (s.  of  R.  Duiker),  b.  Niezyl,  Neths.,  Jan.  21,  1865; 

H.C.  86,  N.B.S.  89,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Albany   (Hoi.),  89-91,  Middleburgh. 

la.,  91-5,  Fulton,  III,  1895 

Dumont,  A.  Henry,  N.B.S.  1826,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Miss,  at  Union  and  Salem, 

26,  Greenbush  and  Blooming  Grove,  26-9,  Pottsville,  Pa.,  and  Miss,  at 

Tuscarora  and  Fort  Carbon,  29-30,  Gen.  Agent  of  Miss.  Soc,  32-33. 

Congregationalist,  Newport,  R.  I.,  1833-..,  d.  1865. 
Du  Mont,  Wm.  Alex.,  b.  Bedminster,  N.  J.,  Dec.  23,  1857;  R.C.  80,  U.S. 

82-5,    1.    CI.    Raritan ;    Hastings-on-Hudson,    85-8,    New    Hackensack, 

1888 

Duncombe,  Alfred,  b.  Stroud,  Gloucester,  Eng. ;  R.C. ;  N.B.S.  1893,  1.  CI. 

Bergen;  Manhasset,  1893 


THE    MINISTRY.  443 

(Dunlap,  John.     Miss,  to  Sand  Beach,  1828-9,  d.) 

Dunlap,  John.     S.S.  at  Castleton,  1888-9. 

Dunnewold,  John  Willem,  b.  July  23,  1821,  at  Winterswyk,  Neth.,  July  19, 
1821;  studied  privately;  lie.  by  Cong.  Assoc,  of  Chautauqua,  N.  Y., 
June,  51 ;  ord.  by  Cong.  Oct.  8,  51  (Clymer,  Cong.,  51-3)  ;  Clymer 
R.D.C.,  53-60,  Clymer  and  Mina  Corners,  60-8,  Gibbsville,  Wis.,  68- 
87,  Lansing,  111.,  87-94.     Died  Oct.  20,  1895. 

He  settled  in  Milwaukee,  after  a  brief  stay  in  Albany,  having  come  to 
America  in  1846.  A  colony  of  Hollanders  had  settled  at  Clymer,  N.  Y., 
and  being  without  a  church,  they  spent  their  Sabbaths  in  card  playing  and 
other  improper  ways.  Yet  conscience  was  not  dead.  They  longed  for 
some  one  to  guide  and  teach  them.  Some  of  them  remembered  a  young 
man  at  Winterswyk  in  Holland,  who  used  to  stand  near  a  pillar  in  the 
church  there,  listening  intently  to  the  preaching  of  the  Word.  They  wrote 
to  Holland,  thinking  he  could  serve  them.  They  found  he  was  in  Mil- 
waukee. They  wrote  to  him  there  and  asked  him  to  come  to  them  as  a 
private  Christian  and  elder.  He  came.  He  labored  by  day  and  taught 
from  house  to  house  far  into  the  night.  There  ensued  a  wonderful  revival. 
He  longed  to  become  a  minister.  The  means  for  an  academic  education 
were  wanting.  A  Congregational  minister  instructed  him,  and  he  was  or- 
dained by  Congregationalists.  For  more  than  40  years  he  was  an  earnest 
preacher  of  the  Gospel,  without  educational  advantages,  a  burning  love  for 
Christ  and  souls  more  than  supplied  its  place.  He  was  unequaled  as  a 
pastor.  He  had  a  peculiar  ability  in  enforcing  Divine  truth  in  reference  to 
the  various  duties  and  experiences  of  those  among  whom  he  lived.  Though 
without  a  regular  education,  he  preached  in  Dutch,  German,  or  English. 
See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1896,  492. 

Dunning,  E.  O.,  from  Oneida  Assoc;  Canajoharie,  1842-4,  w.  c.  1844-9. 

Durand,  Cyrus  B.,  b.  N.  Y.  C,  July  27,  1835 ;  R.C.  58,  N.B.S.  61,  1.  CI. 
Bergen;  Preakness,  62-8,  Boonton,  68-71,  Hackensack,  2d,  71-82;  be- 
came Episcopalian  (Newark,  St.  James,  1882 ) 

Duryea,  John  H,  b.  at  Wallkill,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  28,  1810;  R.C.  34,  N.B.S.  37, 
1.  CI.  Orange,  Wawarsing,  1837-8,  Totowa,  2d,  1838-95,  d.  Emeritus, 
1882.    D.D.  by  R.C.  1871. 

He  was  of  Huguenot  ancestry  on  the  paternal  side.  He  remained  in  his 
field  at  Paterson  for  56^  years.  After  being  declared  emeritus,  he  still 
was  active  in  the  church,  teaching  a  Bible  class,  and  visiting  the  sick,  and 
performing  other  duties  so  far  as  health  would  permit.  The  church  which 
he  served  so  long  is  his  memorial ;  its  history  is  the  history  of  his  life.  He 
made  it  what  it  is.  He  also  took  active  part  in  the  welfare  of  the  city 
generally,  aiding  in  developing  its  educational  institutions,  served  as  super- 
intendent of  public  schools,  and  for  20  years  was  on  the  Board  of  Ex- 
aminers of  Teachers.  He  served  with  zeal  and  fidelity  in  every  position 
to  which  he  was  called.  He  was  in  hearty  sympathy  with  the  benevolent 
work  of  the  church,  supporting  her  institutions  by  precept  and  example. 
For  many  years  he  served  on  the  Board  of  Domestic  Missions,  and  on  its 


444  THE    MINISTRY. 

Executive  Committee.  He  was  a  busy  man.  a  constant  student  of  the 
Scriptures,  a  constant  reader  of  theological  literature,  a  careful  sermonizer, 
expository  and  experimental.  He  was  a  man  of  strength  in  every  element 
of  noble  manhood,  physically,  mentally,  and  morally.  His  whole  life  was 
on  an  elevated  plane  of  spirituality.  He  habitually  rested  on  the  Divine 
Spirit  for  the  attainment  of  all  good,  and  was  consecrated  to  usefulness 
wherever  he  could  serve.  See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1896,  487.  Also  "The 
Pastor  and  the  Church."  or  "Memorial,"  by  Rev.  Dr.  T.  W.  Welles,  1896. 
See  also  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C.,"  1896,  9. 

Publications  :  "Address  at  the  Funeral  of  Rev.  Peter  Allen,"  1862. 
New  York:  1875.  "History  of  the  Second  Reformed  Church  of  Totowa" 
(Paterson),  with  "Notes  of  the  Early  Churches  in  the  Neighborhood." 
Published  in  the  "Paterson  Press."  April  15,  1857,  Feb.  21,  1869. 

Duryea,  Joseph  Tuthill,  b.  Jamaica,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  9,  1833;  C.N.J.  56,  P.S.  59; 
lie.  Presbyt.  Nassau,  L.  I.,  58  (Troy,  2d  Presbyt.,  59-62)  ;  New  York, 
Collegiate,  62-7  (Brooklyn,  Presb.  Classon  Av.,  67-78,  Boston,  Central 
Cong.,  78-88,  Omaha,  Neb.,  Cong.,  89-95),  Williamsburgh.  L.  I.,  95- 
1898,  d.  May  17.  S.T.D.  by  C.NJ.  1866.  LL.D.  by  State  University 
of  Kansas,  1895. 
His  Huguenot  ancestor  settled  at  Bushwick,  L.  I.,  1675.  He  lived  for 
a  while  with  an  uncle  at  Greenport,  L.  I.,  while  a  boy,  and  while  attending 
Sunday-school  there  his  attention  was  directed  to  the  ministry.  At  dif- 
ferent times  he  taught  in  Princeton  College,  Wellesley  College,  Boston 
University,  Boston  Conservatory  of  Music  and  School  of  Oratory,  Wheaton 
Seminary,  and  several  other  institutions.  He  was  also  asked  to  be  Presi- 
dent of  five  or  six  different  institutions,  among  them  Princeton  and  Union 
Colleges.  He  was  one  of  the  best  known  clergymen  in  the  United  States. 
He  had  a  wide  reputation  for  Biblical  scholarship  and  eloquence  in  the 
pulpit.  His  sermons  were  noted  for  clearness  and  precision  of  expression. 
His  mind  was  naturally  cheerful,  his  views  liberal,  and  his  earnest,  sincere 
and  manly  characteristics  won  for  him  universal  esteem.  At  the  time  of 
his  death  he  was  one  of  the  nominees  for  the  Professorship  of  Hellenistic 
Greek  and  New  Testament  Exegesis  in  our  Theological  Seminary.  He 
was  recognized  as  one  of  the  most  eminent  scholars  of  the  day.  He  had 
a  richly  furnished  mind,  an  attractive  personality,  a  warm  and  consecrated 
heart,  and  in  all  his  pastorates  he  won  and  held  admiration  and  affection. 
He  is  credited  with  having  rescued  Princeton  College  after  the  Civil  War. 
The  South  had  contributed  largely  to  the  moral  and  financial  support  of 
that  institution.  With  the  wrecked  fortunes  of  Southern  families,  the  col- 
lege was  in  jeopardy.  Mr.  Duryea  had  gained  a  great  reputation  by  his 
management  of  the  United  States  Christian  Commission,  and  now  in  this 
crisis  offered  his  services,  and  in  a  very  short  time  secured  more  funds 
than  necessary  for  keeping  open  the  doors  of  the  college.  It  was  then  that 
he  might  have  been  its  President,  had  he  not  preferred  to  work  as  a  pastor. 
It  was  through  his  arduous  work  in  Omaha  that  he  ruined  his  health.  Not 
well  when  he  went  there,  he  found  some  relief.  But  hard  times  came  on 
and  he  worked  with  all  his  strength  for  the  poor.     His  church  was  opened 


THE    MINISTRY.  445 

to  them  for  house  purposes.  He  organized  relief  wagons,  investigating 
committees  of  Knights  of  Labor,  himself  visiting  the  families  in  want.  He 
gave  particular  attention  and  aid  to  the  large  mass  of  laboring  people  known 
as  Killies'  Army,  which  at  that  time  swept  through  Omaha.  He  made 
addresses  to  them  and  escorted  them  to  railroad  depots  to  quiet  the  ex- 
citement which  followed  their  work.  He  contracted  nervous  prostration, 
and  came  East  for  medical  treatment.  Recuperating  for  a  time  at  Yonkers. 
although  still  pleading  ill  health,  he  accepted  the  call  to  the  First  Church 
of  Williamsburgh,  which  was  urgently  pressed  upon  him.  He  had  been 
in  Boston  for  several  weeks  previous  to  his  death,  on  account  of  his 
physical  condition,  which,  however,  was  not  considered  precarious.  Seri- 
ous apprehensions  were  not  awakened  until  the  morning  of  his  departure. 
Relatives  were  quickly  summoned,  whom  he  greeted  with  a  smile  and 
grasp  of  the  hand,  and  then  quietly  and  swiftly  fell  asleep.  He  had  sent 
in  his  resignation  to  the  Williamsburgh  Church,  and  a  meeting  had  already 
been  called  for  its  consideration.  See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,''  1898,  247;  also 
"Colleg.  Ch.  Year-Book."  1900,  p.  151. 

Publications:  "Presbyterian  Hymnal."  1874.  "The  Psalter  for  Use  in 
Worship,"  1886.  "Vesper  Services,"  1887.  Oration  before  Alumni  of 
Princeton  in  Commemoration  of  the  Graduates  who  served  in  the  Union 
Army.  Address  before  the  Cabinet.  Senate.  House  of  Representatives, 
and  Officers  of  the  Army  and  Navy  of  the  U.  S.  "Sermons  and  Ad- 
dresses." 

Duryee,  Abram,  b.  at  Millstone,  N.  J.,  Aug.  4.  1867;  R.C.  89-91,  N.B.S.  94. 

1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Cherry  Hill,  N.  J.,  1894 

Duryee,  Isaac  G.,  b.  in  Schenectady,  1810;  U.C.  38,  A.S.  41,  1.  South  Assoc. 

Litchfield.  Ct..  42;  Fallsburgh,  42-51,  Glenham,  51-2.  Schenectady,  2d, 

52-8,  S.S.  Port  Jackson,  59-62,  Chaplain  31st  Reg.  N.  Y.  V.  at  Hilton 

Head,  S.  C,  62-66,  d. 

He  overcame  great  obstacles  in  his  youth,  and  secured  for  himself  an 
education.  He  commenced  with  English  grammar  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
two.  He  was  pre-eminently  a  man  of  warm  heart,  and  of  great  purity  of 
purpose.  He  was  a  great  friend  of  the  colored  race,  succeeding,  by  his 
personal  efforts  during  his  college  course,  in  securing  for  them  the  erection 
of  a  comfortable  chapel  in  Schenectady.  He  was  an  Abolitionist,  and  not 
afraid  to  speak  when  it  was  yet  unpopular  to  advocate  the  rights  of  a  com- 
mon humanity  for  all.  He  pleaded  most  eloquently,  in  the  Synod  of  1855. 
against  the  admission  of  the  North  Carolina  Classis  (from  the  German 
Church),  because  the  members  of  its  churches  were  slaveholders.  His 
labors  in  the  ministry  were  richly  blessed.  When  the  Rebellion  broke  out 
he  offered  his  services,  but  his  devotion  to  duty  proved  too  great  for  his 
physical  constitution.  While  on  a  furlough,  visiting  his  home,  he  died. 
Of  his  spirited,  sympathetic,  and  most  Christian  labors  in  the  camp,  in  the 
hospital,  and  among  the  wounded  and  dying,  all  who  knew  them  spoke  in 
high  praise. 

Publications:  "Ebenezer":  A  Sermon  at  the  Reopening  of  R.D.C., 
Fallsburgh,  1849. 


446  THE    MINISTRY. 

Duryee,  John,  b.  1760,  ( ?)  studied  theol.  under  Livingston,  lie.  by  Gen. 
Meeting  of  Ministers  and  Elders,  1784;  Raritan  and  Bedminster,  1786- 
98,  Bedminster,  1798-1800,  Pottersdam,  1800-1,  Fairfield,  1801-17,  d. 
1836.  (?)  Elected  a  trustee  of  Q.C.  1786. 
Duryee,  Joseph  Rankin,  b.  Newark,  N.  J.,  Nov.  22,  1853;  R.C.  74,  N.B.S. 
79;  lie.  by  CI.  Newark;  ord.  by  same,  June  23,  79;  employed  in  gather- 
ing and  organizing  a  R.D.C.  on  the  ground  formerly  occupied  by  the 
Chapel  of  Collegiate  Ch.,  7th  av.  and  54th  St.,  1879-85 ;  pastor  of  said 

church— "Grace  Refd.  Ch.,"  N.  Y.  C,  1885 D.D.  by 

See  "Collegiate  Ch.  Year-Book,"  1881,  67;  1886,  60. 
Duryee,  Philip  H.,  b.  at  New  Utrecht,  1774;  C.C.  1795,  studied  theol.  under 
Livingston,  1.  CI.  N.  Y.,  1798;  Miss,  in  the  West,  1798-1802,  Saratoga 
and  Easton,  1802-28,  English  Neighborhood,  29-48,  d.  1850.     Elected  a 
trustee  of  Q.C.  1840.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1834. 
In  his  first  settlement  he  had  taken  great  pleasure  and  labored  diligently 
in   rearing  new   churches,   while   fostering  the    interests   of   his   principal 
charge.     He  was  possessed  of  a  kind  spirit  and  gentleness  of  manner,  and 
sought  and  followed  the  things  which  make  for  peace.     He  was  well  adapted 
to  labor  at  English  Neighborhood  after  the  troubles  occasioned  by  the  se- 
cession there,  gaining  many  friends. — See  "Taylor's  Annals."    "Biog.  Diet. 
N.  J.."  462. 

Duryee,  William  Rankin,  b.  in  Newark,   N.  J.,  April   to,   1838;  R.C.  56, 
N.B.S.  6r,  lie.  by  CI.  of  Bergen ;  ord.  by  CI.  Bergen,  62;  Chaplain,  62-3, 
East  Williamsburgh,  63-4.  Jersey  City  (Lafayette  Ch.),  64-91;  Prof,  of 
Ethics,   Evidences  of  Christianity  and  the  English    Bible  in   Rutgers 
College.  91-1897.  d.  Jan.  20.     D.D.  by  R.C.   1876.     Elected   trustee  of 
R.C.  1877.     Pres.  of  Gen.  Synod,   1883. 
He  began  the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of  Frederick  T.  Frelinghuysen. 
but  within  a  year  decided  upon  the  ministry.     At  the  end  of  the  junior  year 
in  the  seminary  he  spent  a  year  and  a  half  in  traveling  in  Europe,  Egypt, 
and  Palestine.     He  served  in  the  war  as  chaplain  of  the  First  Kentucky 
Infantry,  which  position  he  was  compelled  to  resign  on  account  of  an  at- 
tack of  camp-fever.     He  was  possessed  of  a  rare  combination  of  gifts,  with 
tastes  broad,  cultivated,  and  refined.     He  was  an  accomplished  scholar,  a 
ready,  forcible,  and  witty  speaker.     His  speeches  at  the  annual  dinners  of 
the  Holland  and  St.  Nicholas  societies,  in  both  of  which  he  held  member- 
ship, ranked  among  the  best.     He  was  interested  in  civil  reform ;  and  in 
the  racetrack  campaign  in  New  Jersey,  a  few  years  ago,  he  did  efficient 
work,   and  spoke   at   some   of  the  largest  gatherings   in  the    State.     His 
preaching  was  most  acceptable,  and  his  long  pastorate  at  Jersey  City  most 
fruitful.     Faithful  in  public  and  private  ministrations,  he  completely  won 
the  hearts  of  his  people.     Every  interest  of  the  denomination,  its  doctrines, 
its  ministers,  its  institutions  and  boards,  its  social  assemblies,  all  shared  in 
his  love  and  devotion.     He  served  all  with  rare  tact,  wisdom,  and  good 
feeling.     With  a  clear  and  active  intellect,  sound  judgment;   reading  and 
learning,  wide,  discriminating  and  enriching,   a  vigorous  imagination  and 
poetic  sensibility,  quick  wit,  subtle  and  refined  humor,  in  close  alliance  with 


THE    MINISTRY.  447 

the  tenderest  pathos ;  there  was  great  power  in  his  personality.  In  the  col- 
lege he  was  thoroughly  in  touch  with  the  students.  Each  recognized  in 
him  a  fellow  and  a  friend.  Quickening  their  aspirations,  sympathizing  and 
counseling,  he  drew  them  to  him,  and  lifted  them  up  in  thought  and  pur- 
pose. The  faculty  treasured  his  sage  advice  and  accurate  judgment.  His 
devotion  to  his  work  was  very  marked.  Leaving  the  class  room  one  day  his 
students  helped  him  down  the  steps  to  his  carriage,  and  the  last  hour  of  his 
work  in  the  college  was  closed.  A  month  before  his  death  he  stood  in 
the  college  pulpit,  feeble  but  erect,  and  with  indications  that  the  end  was 
near,  preached  for  the  last  time. 

The  memory  of  his  first  wife  is  embalmed  in  the  Charlotte  W.  Duryee 
School  for  Women,  in  connection  with  the  Amoy  Mission.  To  this  mission 
his  daughter,  Lilly  N.  Duryee,  went  as  a  missionary  in  1894.  "Mints.  Gen. 
Syn.,"  1897,  766.    "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C.,"  1897-5. 

Publications:  "Sentinels  for  the  Soul":  Premium  Tract  for  Soldiers. 
Tract  Society,  1862.  8  pp.  "Religious  Poems,"  in  "Christian  Intelli- 
gencer" and  "N.  Y.  Observer,"  from  1863-73.  "Popular  College  Mistakes." 
An  Address  before  the  Philoclean  Society  of  Rutgers  College,  June  19, 
1866.  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  July,  1866.  "Songs  of  the  Hearth  and 
Home."  Prize  Song,  published  July,  1869,  and  included  in  Bryant's  "Li- 
brary of  Poetry  and  Song."  Articles  on  "Hebrew  Redeemer,"  "Duty  of 
Church  to  Baptized  Children,"  and  various  subjects,  1862-1876.  In  "Chris- 
tian Intelligencer,"  "N.  Y.  Observer,"  and  other  papers.  "Historical  Sketch 
of  Communipaw."  In  a  pamphlet  containing  addresses,  etc.,  July  4,  1876. 
"Our  Mission  Work  Abroad" :  Discourse  19,  in  "Centennial  Discourses  of 
Reformed  Church."  1876.  Address  at  Funeral  of  Rev.  Dr.  B.  C.  Taylor, 
1881.  "Review  of  the  Success  of  the  Republic  of  Liberia,"  1882.  "Re- 
ligious Lyrics" :  A  Vol.  of  Poems,  1887.  Paper  on  "The  English  Bible" : 
Read  before  The  Intercollegiate  Association  of  the  Middle  States  at  Cor- 
nell University.  His  pen  was  chiefly  employed  on  subjects  of  the  day, 
review  of  books,  church  and  religious  topics.  A  number  of  addresses  of 
his  have  been  published. 

Dusinberre,  Thos.  5"proull,  b.  at  Warwick,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  18,  1835 ;  R.C.  61, 
N.B.S.  64,  1.  CI.  Paramus  (supplied  Amity,  Presb.,  in  fall  of  64,  taught 
the  classics,  65-6,  Miss,  at  Park  Chapel,  Albany,  Apr.-Oct,  66)  ;  Pratts- 
ville,  66-70,  Linlithgow.  70-89.  West  New  Hempstead,  89-1898,  w.  c. 

Dutcher,  Jacob  C,  b.  Oct.  8,  1820:  R.C.  43,  N.B.S.  46,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Owasco, 
46-50,  Bergen  Neck,  50-54,  Bergen  Point,  54-57,  Coxsackie,  1st,  57-58, 
Seventh  Av„  N.  Y.  C,  58-59,  Sixth  Av.,  N.  Y.,  Union  Ch.,  59-63, 
Market  St.,  N.  Y.,  63-66  (S.S.,  Somers.  Ct.,  Cong.,  67-8),  Bound 
Brook,  68-79,  U.  S.  Consul  at  Port  Hope,  Canada,  80-87,  w.  c.  Died 
Nov.  27,  1888. 

He  was  an  effective  writer  and  speaker,  a  good  pastor,  and  a  man  of 
large  and  noble  heart. 

See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1889.  915.  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C," 
1889,  18. 


448  THE    MINISTRY. 

Publications:  "Requisites  of  Nat.  Greatness,"  1843.  "Washington": 
An  Oration  at  Niblo's  Theatre,  1872,  before  Order  of  United  Americans. 
This  address  had  a  very  large  circulation.  "Our  Fallen  Heroes."  "Amer- 
ica: Her  Danger  and  Her  Safety,"  1875.  "The  Prodigal  Son,"  pp.  125, 
1870.  "The  Old  Home  by  the  River."  pp.  230,  1874;  two  editions.  "Frank 
Lyttleton ;  or.  Winning  His  Way."  pp.  320.  "Sketch  of  Capt.  Demming," 
written  by  request  of  Legislature  N.  Y.,  and  pub.  by  them  ;  pp.  80,  1864. 

Dutton.  Charles  S.     H.C.  1881.  N.B.S.  84,  Macon  and  S.  Macon.  84-7.  S.S. 

at  Raritan,  111..  87-8.  w.  c.  88-1897. 
Dwight,   Maurice  W.,  b.  at  Kempsville,  Va.,  May    4,   1796;    C.C.   1816, 

N.B.S.  21,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Waterford,  N.  Y.,  22-6,  New  Hackensack,  26-33, 

Brooklyn,  1st,  33-55;  died  1859.  D.D.  by  R.C.  1845. 
He  was  a  son  of  Dr.  Maurice  W.  Dwight  of  Kempsville.  Va.,  nephew 
of  the  late  President  Dwight  of  New  Haven,  and  a  great-grandson  of 
President  Edwards.  As  a  man,  in  person,  and  in  the  neatness  of  his  dress, 
he  attracted  notice.  His  manners  and  address  commended  him  to  the  con- 
fidence and  affection  of  those  with  whom  lie  mingled.  His  conversational 
powers  were  of  a  high  order,  but  blended  with  modesty.  He  could  listen  - 
as  well  as  talk.  As  a  Christian,  he  was  circumspect,  cheerful  and  fruitful. 
He  believed  that  Christianity  alone  laid  in  the  soul  the  foundation  of  true 
and  enduring  happiness.  As  a  minister,  he  appreciated  the  dignity  and 
responsibility  of  his  position.  His  pulpit  preparations  were  made  with 
great  care.  He  brought  "beaten  oil"  into  the  sanctuary.  With  a  command 
of  language  and  a  fluency  of  speech  which  few  possess,  he  yet  seldom  ap- 
peared in  the  pulpit  without  a  written  sermon.  His  writing  was  charac- 
terized by  clearness,  elegance,  force  of  diction  and  logical  connection.  He 
was  earnest  in  his  delivery,  as  one  "standing  between  the  living  and  the 
dead."  He  was  more  than  a  mere  theologian.  He  had,  indeed,  studied  the 
"System,"  but  he  went  beyond  its  limits  into  the  fields  of  literature  and 
science,  and  culled  their  choicest  flowers  to  illustrate  and  adorn  the  truths 
of  the  Gospel.  As  a  pastor,  he  was  rarely  well  qualified.  He  was  seldom 
absent  from  a  meeting  of  the  Classis.  He  displayed  a  sound  and  dis- 
criminating judgment  in  the  discussions,  and  was  always  heard  with  defer- 
ence and  respect. 

Publications:     "Duties  and  Responsibilities  of  Christian  Young  Men." 

1837.  "Guilt  and  Danger  of  Reading  Infidel  Works,"  in  "Nat.  Preacher," 

1838.  "On  Death  of  President  Taylor,"  1850.     "Bearing  False  Witness," 
in  "Pulpit  Repertory,"  1849.     "On  Death  of  Gen.  Jer.  Johnson,"  1853. 

Dyer,  David.  Fultonville,  1841-3. 

Dyer.  Francis,  from  Cong.  Assoc.  Maine,  1857,  w.  c.  1857-61. 

Dyer.  Samuel,  Westerlo,  1856-62,  Presbyt. 

Dyke.  Chalmers  Peter.  R.C.  1892,  N.B.S.  95:  Germantown.  N.  Y.,  95-1900* 

Herkimer,  tqoo 

Dyke.  Jacob,  b.  Dokkum.  Vriesland,  Neths. :  H.C.  83,  N.B.S.  86.  1.  Presby. 

of  Lynns  N.  Y.,  Sodus,  N.  Y.    (Presb.),  86-93.  South  Bend,  Ind.,  OO- 

1901    ("Pennington,  Ind.    (Presbyt.),   1001 ") 


THE    MINISTRY.  449 

Publications:     Articles,   Addresses,    Sermons,   Hymns,   and   Poems   in 
magazines  and  papers,  secular  and  religious. 
Dykema,  Klaas  J.,  b.  Prov.  Groningen,  Neths.,  Feb.  14,   1866;  H.C.  94, 

N.B.S.  97,  1.  CI.  Wisconsin;  Westfield,  N.  Dakota,  1897 

Dykhuizen,  Harm,  H.C.  1895,  W.S.  98,  Le  Mars,  la.,  1898 

Dykstra,  B.  D.,  W.S.  1900,  S.S.  Bethlehem,  la.,  1900 

Dykstra,  Lawrence,  b.  in  Netherlands.  Aug.  13,  1851;  H.C.  75,  H.S.  and 
N.B.S.  78,  lie.  CI.  Grand  River;  Fulton,  111.,  78-82,  Cleveland,  O.,  82-3. 
N.  Orange,  la.,  83-6,  Albany  (Holl.),  86-8,  Bethlehem,  1st,  88-91,  Chi- 
cago   (Englewood),  93-8,   Pella,   2d  Jan.,   98-1901,  Rochester,    N.   Y., 

1901 

Took  a  post-graduate  course  of  three  years  in  Chicago  University. 
Thesis — The  Synod  of  Dort. 

Dysart,  Jos.  P.,  b.  N.  Y..  1841 :  U.C.  1865.  United  Presbyt.  Sem.  1868,  lie. 

U.  Presbyt.  Delaware,  N.  Y.,  Ap.,  1867  (Harrisville,  O.,  1870-1,  Albany. 

Sprague  Ch.,  1871-3)  ;  Glen,  1874-79. 
Dyslin,  John   Henry,   St.  Johnsonville,   1790-1815,   also   S.S.   at  Manheim. 

He  was  "a  Swiss,  a  good  character,  and  a  man  of  learning." — "Doc. 
Hist.,"  iii,  674,  686. 

Eal,  see  Oehl ;  also  written  Ehie. 

Easton,  Thomas  Chalmers,  b.  in  Jedburgh,  Royburghshire,  Scotland,  Nov. 
12,  1836;  West  Collegiate,  Edinburgh.  58,  Edinburgh  Divinity  Hall 
(U.P.Ch.),  accident  prevented  graduation;  lie.  by  Hartford  Cent. 
Assoc.,  Ct.,  63  (South  Glastonbury.  Ct.  (Cong.),  63-8,  traveled  in 
Europe;  Belvidere,  111.  (Presb.),  72-80);  New  Brunswick,  1st,  80-6, 
Newark,  1st,  86-9,  San  Francisco,  Calvary,  Presb.  89-93,  Washing- 
ton, D.  C,  Eastern  Presb.,  1893- D.D.  by  Lake  Forest  Univ.,  18S1. 

Publications  :     Address    of    Welcome    at    Centennial    of   N.B.S..    1884. 

Address  at  175th  Anniv.  of  Ch.  of  Six-Mile  Run.     Sermons. 

Ebaugh,  John  S.,  b.  York,  Pa.,  Ap.  19,  1795:  studied  under  Helffenstein ; 
ord.  by  Syn.  Ger.  Ch.,  1818;  Miss,  in  N.  Carolina.  1S-19;  Carlisle,  Pa., 
19-34;  joined  Free  Synod,  1831  ;  Agent  Am.  Bible  Soc,  35;  united  with 
R.D.C.,  N.  Y.  C.  1838;  laboring  with  portions  of  the  old  German  Ch.. 
1838-44;  pastor  of  said  ch..  1844-51  (His  name  continues  as  pastor  of 
a  German  ch.,  variously  or  nowhere  located,  from  1851-61).  Died 
Nov.  2,  1874. 

The  circumstances  connected  with  Mr.  Ebaugh's  settlement  in  N.  Y.  C. 
were  peculiar  and  unfortunate.  A  German  ch.  had  been  founded  in  1758 
by  Lutherans  and  Reformed.  In  1764  they  had  joined  the  Dutch  body, 
but  there  was  always  more  or  less  of  friction  between  the  two  elements  in 
the  church.  From  1805  onward  the  church  had  been  half  independent.  In 
1822  they  left  their  original  site  in  Nassau  street  and  moved  to  Forsyth 
street.  In  1823  they  notified  Classis  that  they  intended  to  withdraw  from 
R.D.C.  A  majority,  however,  was  against  this  action,  yet  in  1825  the 
church  had  actually  withdrawn,  and  joined  the  German  Reformed  Church. 


45°  THE    MINISTRY. 

But  in  1838  there  came  an  application  from  a  portion  of  that  church  asking 
the  Classis  of  New  York  of  R.D.C.  to  take  them  again  under  its  care  and 
supply  their  pulpit.  Mr.  Ebaugh  had  recently  joined  the  R.D.C,  and  the 
Classis  now  appointed  him  stated  supply  to  this  ancient  German  church, 
1838-9.  The  division,  however,  was  not  healed.  The  other  party  held 
aloof,  having  their  own  services,  and  the  two  ultimately  went  into  a  law- 
suit, as  to  the  ownership  of  the  church  property.  In  1844  the  Chancellor 
decided  in  favor  of  the  party  adhering  to  the  Dutch  Classis.  It  was  now 
that  Ebaugh  became  pastor.  Eut  in  1846  the  Court  of  Errors  reversed  the 
decision  of  the  Chancellor  and  gave  the  other  party  the  property,  with  all 
the  books  and  the  seal  of  the  corporation. 

Ebaugh  and  his  adherents  being  thus  ousted  were  obliged  to  hold  ser- 
vices wherever  they  could  find  a  place.  In  1847  he  bought  a  certain  prop- 
erty on  Seventeenth  street  and  collected  about  $3,664  in  behalf  of  his  en- 
terprise; but  in  1850  he  had  again  sold  this  property.  The  Consistory, 
meanwhile,  had  allowed  him  $2,091  for  his  salary,  while  trying  to  save 
their  church  organization,  and  secure  a  home.  He  also  continued  to  make 
his  annual  reports  to  Classis,  and  the  Classis  received  them.  He  still 
based  the  strength  of  his  adherents  upon  the  old  lists  prepared  for  the 
court  (1844-6)  ;  yet  evidently  their  numbers,  under  the  circumstances, 
would  be  melting  away.  He  also  answered  all  the  constitutional  questions 
each  year  in  the  affirmative.  But  in  1850  the  German  elder  in  Classis  an- 
swered these  questions  in  the  negative.  A  committee  of  investigation  was 
appointed,  and  in  October,  185 1,  Dr.  Chambers  moved  that  this  German 
church  be  disbanded.  This  led  to  a  hot  discussion,  and  the  motion  was 
lost;  but  a  committee  was  appointed  consisting  of  Drs.  Gordon,  Chambers, 
and  Elder  John  Westervelt  to  make  a  thorough  investigation  into  the 
status  of  the  church  and  the  whole  business.  They  reported  that  Ebaugh 
would  not  obey  their  citations,  and  that  in  his  reports  to  Classis  he  had 
misrepresented  the  status  of  his  church.  They,  therefore,  suggested  that 
he  be  tried  by  Classis  on  these  charges.  The  next  day  the  committee  and 
the  members  of  the  Classis  who  had  voted  with  them,  probably  the  whole 
Classis,  found  themselves  sued  for  libel  in  the  Supreme  Court,  damages 
being  placed  at  $5,000.  His  trial,  however,  went  on,  and  Mr.  Ebaugh  was 
suspended  from  the  ministry  on  Feb.  16,  1852. 

In  the  meantime,  in  1851,  Ebaugh  had  published  an  elaborate  pamphlet 
styled  "A  Vindication  and  Defence  of  the  German  Reformed  Church  in 
New  York  City,  and  Its  Pastors,"  with  an  appendix  of  30  pages.  He  now 
appealed  his  case  to  the  Particular  Synod,  and  published  a  second  pamphlet 
largely  for  the  benefit  of  this  Synod.  But  the  Particular  Synod  sustained 
the  action  of  the  Classis.  He  then  appealed  the  whole  matter  to  the  General 
Synod  (see  "Minutes."  1852,  pp.  262-5).  and  that  Synod  reversed  the 
action  of  the  lower  courts.  This  was  hard  on  the  Classis  of  New  York. 
The  Synod,  later  in  the  session,  passed  a  resolution  expressing  its  disap- 
probation of  Ebaugh's  pamphlet,  and  the  manner  of  its  circulation  in 
Synod. 

But  in  the  fall  session  of  Classis,  October,  1852,  Dr.  Gordon  entered  a 
complaint  against  Mr.  Ebaugh  for  malicious  prosecution  of  him  while  he 


THE   MINISTRY.  45 1 

was  acting  as  a  committee  of  Classis.  Ebaugh  put  in  a  protest  against  the 
present  proceedings  of  the  Classis,  for  which  the  Classis  immediately  cen- 
sured him,  and  demanded  that  he  put  in  an  answer  to  Dr.  Gordon's  com- 
plaint. He  demanded  time,  and  the  Classis  adjourned  to  Nov.  6,  1852. 
Ebaugh  then  plead  "not  guilty,"  for  the  following  reasons :  The  General 
Synod  had  decided  them  in  error  in  suspending  him,  and  had  restored  him 
to  his  old  standing;  and  it  was  incompetent  now  for  the  sixteen  members 
of  the  Classis,  who  had  before  illegally  suspended  him,  to  sit  in  judgment 
again  upon  him,  in  matters  connected  with  the  same  business.  He  asked 
that  the  other  members  of  the  Classis  should  try  him,  or  the  matter  should 
be  transferred  to  the  South  Classis  of  New  York.  The  Particular  Synod 
was  to  meet  shortly,  and  they  could  transfer  his  church  and  himself  to  that 
Classis.  He  requested  them  not  to  force  action,  therefore,  precipitously. 
In  the  meantime,  he  issued  a  third  pamphlet  upon  this  business.  The  trial 
was  postponed. 

Meantime,  the  German  delegate  to  the  Particular  Synod  had  been  in- 
structed by  this  German  Consistory,  both  on  April  18  and  Oct.  3,  1852,  to 
seek  transfer  for  their  church  and  minister  to  the  South  Classis,  as  soon 
as  Mr.  Ebaugh  procured  his  dismission  to  that  Classis.  The  Particular 
Synod  granted  this  request  on  that  condition.  At  the  trial,  continued  on 
Dec.  13,  1852,  much  objection  was  made  to  what  was  called  irrelevant  testi- 
mony; but  the  Classis  finally  sustained  the  complaint  of  Dr.  Gordon,  and 
Ebaugh  was  again  suspended.  Appeals  were  again  taken,  and  this  time 
the  General  Synod  sustained  the  Classis  ("Minutes  of  Gen.  Syn.,"  1853, 
355-7).     Many  minor  points  have  been  omitted. 

It  appeared,  during  the  trial,  or  it  was  asserted,  that  Ebaugh  had' been 
trying  to  keep  up  the  continuity  of  his  church  in  the  hope  of  a  favorable 
decision  against  the  Collegiate  Church,  which  had  been  sued  by  other 
parties,  who  claimed  that  its  funds  belonged  to  all  the  Dutch  churches  of 
the  city.  (See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1853,  355.)  It  also  appeared,  inci- 
dentally from  Ebaugh's  pamphlets  that  the  old  German  church,  so  far  as 
it  belonged  to  the  R.D.C.,  was  terminated,  civilly  at  least,  by  the  Court  of 
Errors  in  1846,  and  that  Ebaugh  and  his  Consistory  had  gotten  out  a  new 
certificate  of  incorporation  on  Sept.  23,  1847,  not  of  renewal,  but  of  origi- 
nation. The  Classis  had  not  been  informed  of  this  circumstance,  but  upon 
learning  of  it  it  declared  the  old  organization  defunct.  But  it  was  ques- 
tioned whether  the  action  of  the  court  killed  the  ecclesiastical  organization. 
Suffice  it  to  say  that  Ebaugh  was  ultimately  restored,  and  he  and  his 
church,  as  the  4th  German  Church,  appears  on  the  "Minutes  of  Synod"  in 
South  Classis  of  New  York  in  1856.  The  writer  well  remembers  him  as  a 
regular  attendant  at  the  earlier  meetings  of  the  Fulton  street  prayer  meet- 
ing in  1857-8. 

See  Ebaugh 's  three  pamphlets,  185 1,  1852.  Also  "A  True  Report  of  the 
Last  Trial  of  Ebaugh,  Dec,  1852,  with  an  Account  of  Matters  Leading 
Thereto;  by  a  Member  of  Classis."  (This  is  known  to  have  been  Dr.  W. 
R.  Gordon.)  Also  "Consistory  of  the  Ger.  Refd.  Ch.  in  N.  Y.  C.  Appel- 
lants to  the  Particular  Synod  of  N.  Y.  vs.  the  Classis  of  N.  Y.,"  1852,  pp. 
32.     This  contains  many  important  Documents :  Acts  of  the  German  Con- 


45-  THE    MINISTRY. 

sistory,  in  seeking  to  be  transferred  to  the  South  Classis  of  New  York. 
For  origin  of  this  church,  1758,  see  "Mints.  Ch.  N.  Y.,"  1758.  Page  273, 
Eng.  Transl.  There  is  also  a  brief  sketch  of  this  church,  but  not  verv 
accurate,  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  Feb.  23,  1893.  See  also  "Dedication  Souvenir  of 
Ger.  Refd.  Ch.,  68th  St.,  N.Y.C.,"  1898.  "Mints,  of  Classis  of  New  York." 
"Dubb's  Manual,  Ger.  R.C.,"  390. 

Publications  :  "A  Newly-Opened  Treasury  of  Heavenly  Incense ;  or. 
Christian's  Companion":  Containing  Instructions  and  Devotional  Exer- 
cises. Translated  and  compiled  chiefly  from  the  work  of  Rev.  John  Zolli- 
koffer,  of  Herisan.  in  Europe.  To  which  are  prefixed  "Sermons  by  Dr.  J. 
M.  Mason  and  Dr.  Alex.  McClelland,"  8vo,  pp.  612.  New  York:  1839. 
An  Article  of]  "Millenarianism,"  in  Rupp's  "Hist,  of  the  Religious  Denom- 
inations," 1844.  Pp.  511-519.  "A  Vindication  and  Defence  of  the  Ger. 
Ch.  and  Its  Pastor,"  1851  ;  and  two  other  similar  pamphlets,  1851.  1852. 

Eckel,  Henry,  b.  at  Bridgeton,  N.  J.,  1823;  U.Pa.  46,  N.B.S.  49>  I.  CI.  Phila- 
delphia ;  Sharon,  49-50,  Rosendale,  50-53,  Moresville,  53-4,  Kiskatom, 
1854-55,  d.     See  "Manual"  of  1879. 

Eddy,  Zechariah,  b.  Stockbridge,  Vt.,  Dec.  19,  1815 ;  educated  privately: 
ord.  by  Presbyt.  of  Pa.  (Cumberland  Presbyterian),  1835.  (Miss,  in  Pa. 
and  Ohio,  35-8,  Springville,  N.  Y.  (Presbyt),  38-43.  Mineral  Point. 
Wis.,  44-50,  Warsaw.  N.  Y.,  50-6,  Birmingham,  Ct..  56-8,  Northampton. 
Mass.,  58-67),  Brooklyn  Heights,  N.  Y.,  67-71,  Detroit,  Mich.  (Cong.), 
73-84,  Atlanta,  Ga.,  84-6. 

Publications  :  "Immanuel ;  or.  The  Life  of  Christ,"  1868.  Editor  of 
"The"  Hymns  of  the  Church,  R.C.A.,"  1869.  Editor,  with  Drs.  Schaffs  and 
R.  D.  Hitchcock,  of  "Hymns  and  Songs  of  Praise,"  1874.  Editor,  with 
Drs.  R.  D.  Hitchcock  and  L.  W.  Mudge,  of  "Carmina  Sanctorum."  Also 
many  sermons. 

Edgar,  Cor.  Henry,  b.  at  Rahway,  N.  J.,  Ap.  11,  1811 ;  C.NJ.  31,  1.  Presb. 
Elizabeth;  Rector  of  Grammar  School,  N.Y.U.,  38-45  (Bridge  Hamp- 
ton, L.  I.,  Presb.,  45-53),  Easton,  Pa.,  53-82.     Died  1884.  Dec.  23. 

He  was  no  compromiser,  cither  in  theology  or  politics.  He  was  an 
earnest  and  forcible  writer  and  speaker.  He  was  one  of  the  clearest  think- 
ers and  logicians,  but  not  an  orator  in  the  usual  sense  of  the  word.  His 
pulpit  efforts  were,  however,  sought  after  by  the  press,  and  thus  he  became 
an  educator  in  other  spheres  than  his  own  city.  His  original  investiga- 
tions and  expositions  of  Scripture  were  equaled  by  few  ministers  of  his 
day.  His  preaching  was  expository  and  doctrinal,  and  thoughtful  minds 
listened  to  it  with  unabated  attention. 

He  was  one  of  the  advance  guard  of  that  small  body  of  brave  ministers 
who  combated  the  evils  of  slavery  previous  to  the  Rebellion.  When  other 
pulpits  in  his  town,  and,  indeed,  throughout  the  land,  were  silent  upon  this 
all-absorbing  topic.  Dr.  Edgar  stood  as  a  watchman  upon  a  high  tower.  He 
noted  the  signs  of  the  times  and  proclaimed  the  duty  of  the  Christian 
church  to  disavow  so  foul  a  crime.  He  was  the  one  minister  in  Easton  who 
boldly  announced  the  truth  as  he  understood  it,  without  fear  or  hesitation. 


THE   MINISTRY. 


453 


Publications  :  "Desire  of  all  Nations."  Article  in  "Evangelical  Quar- 
terly," i860.  "Earthquakes  Instrumentalities  of  God."  "Thanksgiving," 
i860.  "Jonah's  Experience."  Article  in  "Evangelical  Quarterly,"  1861. 
Oration  on  the  "Occasion  of  Raising  the  Flag  over  the  Jewish  Synagogue," 
1861.  "Germs  and  Growth."  "Thanksgiving,"  1861.  -The  Curse  of 
Canaan  Rightly  Interpreted":  Three  Lectures,  1862.  -God's  Help":  A 
Thanksgiving  Discourse,  1864.  "The  Significance  of  the  Assassination  of 
President  Lincoln."  "The  Nation's  Loss  and  Gain."  "The  Majesty  of 
Law."  "Josiah  and  Lincoln  the  Great  Reformers":  Four  Discourses  oc- 
casioned by  the  death  of  the  President,  and  published  by  request  of  citizens 
of  Easton  of  all  parties,  1865.  "Memorial  of  Russell  S.  Chidsey,"  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  American  Reformed  Church  of  Easton,  1865.  "An  Ex- 
position of  the  Last  Nine  Wars,"  1867.  "The  Elders  that  Rule  Well":  A 
Sermon  before  the  Classis  of  Raritan,  1868.  "The  Highest  Name":  A 
Sermon  on  the  Occasion  of  the  Ordination  of  Rev.  Henry  Stout,  Mission- 
ary to  Japan.  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  1864.  Oration  on  the  "Occasion 
of  Decorating  the  Graves  of  Soldiers  Fallen  in  the  War  to  Put  Down  the 
Rebellion,"  1869.  Another  Oration  on  Decoration  Day,  1872.  "The  Tem- 
ple of  the  Lord" :  A  Sermon  on  the  Occasion  of  Dedicating  the  new  Amer- 
ican Reformed  Church,  Easton,  1872.  "Motives  to  Study":  A  Lecture  to 
the  School  Institute  of  Northampton  County,  Penn.,  1872.  "Chris- 
tianity Our  Nation's  Wisest  Policy."  Thanksgiving,  1872.  "The  Miracle 
in  Cana  no  Authority  for  the  Use  of  Wine  as  a  Beverage,"  1874.  "Thor- 
oughly Furnished."  In  "Centennial  Discourses,"  1876.  Articles  in  local 
papers  touching  the  interests  of  education :  Letters  from  Sharon  Springs 
and  from  Richfield  Springs:  Newspaper  reports  of  Sermons  of  Addresses 
on  various  topics  and  at  different  times. 

Edmondson,  Jas.,  lie.  CI.  Montgomery,  1868;  Cicero,  1879-81,  Mohawk 
1881-86.     Ph.D.  by  R.C.   1882. 

Edwards,  Thomas,  b.  1768  in  Wales;  ord.  1798;  S.S.  Mamakating,  1831-34, 
Coeymans,  1834.     Died  Ap.  16,  1838. 

Eells,  James,  b.  Westmoreland,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  27,  1822 ;  Ham.  Coll.  44,  Aub. 
Sem.  Si  (Penn.  Yan,  N.  Y.  (Presb.)  51-4,  Cleveland,  O.,  2d,  55-9), 
Brooklyn  Heights,  N.  Y.,  59-67,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  67-70,  Cleveland, 
O.,  70-4,  Oakland,  Cal.,  74-9,  Prof,  of  Pract.  Theology  and  Apologetics 
in  San  Francisco  Theolog.  Sem.,  77-9.  Prof,  of  Pract.  Theol.  and 
Church  Polity  in  Lane  Theol.  Sem.,  Cincinnati,  O.,  79-1886,  d.  March 
9.  D.D.  by  U.N.Y.  1861.  LL.D.  by  Marietta  Univ.,  1881.  Moderator 
of  Gen.  Assembly,  1877. 

Dr.  Eells  while  pastor  of  the  church  in  Oakland  was  for  two  years  or 
more  Professor  of  Practical  Theology  in  the  San  Francisco  Theological 
Seminary.  In  1884  he  was  again  elected  to  a  professorship  in  the  same 
institution.  He  held  the  matter  under  advisement  for  a  long  time.  Con- 
siderations of  health  made  him  hesitate;  he  had  already  premonitions  of  the 
disease  which  was  to  end  his  life.  But  he  employed  his  vacation  visit  here 
in  raising  money  to  endow  a  professorship  in  that  institution.  His  efforts 
were  attended  with  remarkable  success.     In  one  of  the  driest  and  hardest 


454  THE   MINISTRY. 

years  ever  known,  he  received  many  thousand  dollars,  and  in  another  vaca- 
tion would  have  completed  the  endowment.  Soon  after  his  last  visit  to  the 
Pacific  coast  he  consulted  medical  men  as  to  his  prospects  of  life  with  a 
view  of  determining  whether  he  could  safely  accept  the  professorship  in  the 
seminary  in  that  city  with  the  additional  work  which  would  be  incident  of 
the  new  position.  He  was  warned  that  the  strain  of  hard  work  would  not 
do,  while  there  was  no  immediate  danger  if  only  quiet  and  moderate  labor 
was  performed.  It  was  this  advice  which  moved  him  to  decline  the  of- 
fered professorship  in  San  Francisco.  But  he  expected  to  work  for  the 
seminary,  and  if  his  health  permitted  to  devote  some  time  to  the  work  of 
instruction.  Dr.  Eells  was  always  a  hard-working  man.  He  was  never 
idle.  While  holding  his  professorship  in  Lane  Seminary  he  officiated  as 
pastor  of  one  of  the  largest  Presbyterian  Churches  in  that  city,  filling  the 
pulpit  regularly  until  a  permanent  pastor  was  obtained. 

The  life  of  Dr.  Eells  was  symmetrical  and  rounded  up  to  a  completeness 
which  is  rare  in  these  last  days.  He  was  an  able  preacher,  a  wise  and 
faithful  teacher,  a  Christian  scholar  and  gentleman  everywhere.  He  was 
a  many-sided  man.  He  could  do  many  things  well.  Besides  his  religious 
offices,  which  were  always  well-filled,  he  was  wise  in  secular  matters.  His 
brother  is  an  eminent  banker  and  financier,  and  Dr.  Eells  had  the  same 
talent  in  kind  which  he  consecrated  to  the  advancement  of  his  church. 
He  knew  how  to  approach  men  of  the  world ;  they  had  confidence  in  him, 
and  often  took  pleasure  in  helping  his  work  along  with  liberal  subscrip- 
tions, for  the  liking  they  had  of  the  man.  His  life  was  gentle,  patient,  full 
of  work  and  crowned  with  eminent  success.  He  fell  with  the  harness  on. 
He  could  not  have  chosen  a  better  way.  The  memory  of  the  eminent 
Christian  scholar,  teacher,  and  divine  will  long  be  held  in  tender  and  grate- 
ful remembrance  on  the  Pacific  coast. 

Publications  :  "Memorial  of  Samuel  Eells,"  1872.  Sermons.  Sermon 
on  "Death  of  Pres.  Lincoln,"  in  "Voices  of  Pulpit,"  1865. 

Eggleston,  Ambrose.     Fallsburg,  1836-37,  Breakabin,  1843-45. 

Ehle,  see  Oehl. 

Elliker,  Solomon.     Ebenezer,  Oregon,  111.,  1887-06,  w.  c.  96-98. 

Elliott,  John  H.,  b.  Ontario,  Canada,  Mar.  4,  1853;  Brampton  Academy; 
special  course  in  Cong.  Sem.,  Chicago  (ord.  by  Cong.  Council,  Chicago, 
May  19,  1894;  laboring  as  an  Evangelist,  94-6,  Rochester,  Central 
Presb.,  96-8)  ;  N.  Y.  C,  34th  st.,  1898 

Publications:  "Notes  and  Suggestions  for  Bible  Reading,"  1889.  "The 
Worker's  Weapon,"  1894.     "Personal  Worker's  Helper,"  etc' 

Ellsworth,  John  S.,  b.  Windham.  Pa.;  Lafayette  Coll.;  U.S.  83,  lie.  by 
Cong,  (in  Cong.  chs. :  Le  Rayville,  Pa. ;  Newark  Valley,  N.  Y. ;  Presb., 
Am'enia  and  Millerton,  N.  Y.)  ;  Clifton,  N.  J.,  1900 

Elmendorf,  Anthony,  b.  in  Ulster  Co.,  N.  Y.,  1813 ;  R.C.  36,  N.B.S.  39.  I 
CI.  N.B. ;  Hurley,  40-43,  Hyde  Park,  43-8,  East  Brooklyn  (Bedford). 
48-51,  North  Brooklyn,  51-66,  d.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1S60. 


THE   MINISTRY.  455 

Possessed  of  quick  intelligence,  an  ardent  temperament,  and  a  desire  for 
excellence,  he  made  rapid  progress  in  his  several  branches  of  study  while  a 
student.  He  was  the  principal  instrument  of  organizing  the  North  Church 
of  Brooklyn,  in  1851.  He  met  with  many  difficulties  which  called  forth 
qualities  truly  heroic.  But  he  lived  to  see  the  entire  success  of  the  enter- 
prise. Declining  health  at  last  compelled  him  reluctantly  to  resign.  He 
prepared  his  sermons  with  the  greatest  possible  care,  writing  them  out  ac- 
curately, and  delivering  them  with  unction.  He  studied  to  make  his  min- 
istry profitable  to  the  young.  He  accomplished  a  vast  deal  through  sheer 
force  of  will,  aided  by  grace  divine.  He  was  never  robust,  for  many  years 
half  an  invalid,  with  a  delicate  physical  organization,  keeping  his  mental 
energies  constantly  overstrained;  yet  he  kept  up,  and  worked  on  with 
cheerful  courage,  as  long  as  strength  endured. 

Publications:  "The  Excess  of  Future  Glory  Over  Present  Suffering," 
"National  Preacher,"  1854.  Valedictory  Sermon,  preached  in  the  North 
R.D.C.,  Brooklyn,  1865.  Article  in  "Sprague's  Annals"  on  Rev.  H.  G. 
Livingston. 

Elmendorf,  Joachim,  b.  at  Rochester,  Ulster  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Mar.  26,  1827; 
R.C.  50,  N.B.S.  53,  1.  CI.  Poughkeepsie ;  Ithaca,  53-5,  Saugerties,  55-62, 
Syracuse,  62-5,  Albany,  2d,  65-72,  Poughkeepsie,  2d,  1872-86,  Harlem 

Collegiate,  N.  Y.  C,  1886 D.D.  by  U.C.  1865.     Elected  Trustee 

of  R.C.  1869.     Trustee  of  Vassar  College,  1880. 

Publications  :  Discourse :  "Benevolence" :  Preached  before  General 
Synod,  1864.  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  June,  1864.  Discourse:  "Com- 
memorative of  Hon.  Daniel  Gott,"  1864.  Closing  Address:  New  York 
State  Sabbath-school  Convention.  "Albany  Evening  Journal,"  June  18, 
1869.  Address.  Semi- Centennial  Anniversary  of  Second  Reformed 
Church,  Glenville,  N.  Y.,  1868.  In  Memorial  Volume.  Discourse:  Com- 
memorative of  Rev.  Isaac  N.  Wyckoff,  D.D.,  1869.  In  Memoriam.  Her- 
man Ten  Eyck  Foster.  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  1869.  Discourses  in 
Remembrance  of  Richard  Varick  De  Witt  and  Alice  Justina  De  Peyster. 
Published  in  Memorial  Volume,  1872.  Memorial  Discourse  of  Rev.  Sher- 
man B.  Canfield,  D.D.,  Presbyterian  Church,  Syracuse,  March  10,  1871. 
"Syracuse  Journal"  and  "Syracuse  Standard."  Tribute  to  Mrs.  Sarah 
Sheffield  in  Memorial  Volume,  1864.  Memorial  of  Barrie  Sanders.  "Lines 
and  Sermon,"  Albany:  December  20,  1871.  Sermon:  Inauguration  of  the 
Rev.  A.  B.  Van  Zandt,  D.D.,  as  Professor  in  Seminary  of  the  Reformed 
Church.  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  September  24,  1872.  Address:  Com- 
memorative of  Amos  Pilsbury,  Albany :  July  16,  1873.  "Times  Co."  Ad- 
dress at  Funeral  of  Hon.  Jacob  B.  Jewett.  Poughkeepsie :  January  26,  1876. 
"Poughkeepsie  News."  "Some  Practical  Thoughts  on  Singing  with  the 
Spirit  and  Understanding,"  1889,  in  "Collegiate  Ch.  Year-Book,"  1890,  99. 
Many  articles  for  the  press. 

Elmendorf,  Peter.    R.C.  1845,  N.B.S. ;  d.  1851 

Elterich,  Wm.  L.     Bayonne,  3d  (Ger.),  1875-80  (Presbyt,  Allegheny,  Pa., 
t88o ) 


456  THE   MINISTRY. 

Eltinge,  Cor.  C,  b.  near  Kingston,  1793  (brother  of  Wilhelmus  Eltinge)  ; 
Q.C.  1812,  N.B.S.  16,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Pleasant  Plains,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y., 
16,  Minisink  and  Mahackemack,  17-37,  Mahackemack  (Deerpark),  37- 
43,  d. 
He  was  a  remarkably  vigorous  man,  which  enabled  him  to  endure  great 
fatigues.     He  was  a  man  of  blameless  life,  of  a  meek  and  sweet  temper. 
He  possessed  native  strength  of  mind,  and  a  large  share  of  prudence  and 
discretion.     He  was  plain  and  affable  in  his  manners,  regular  and  industri- 
ous in  his  habits,  firm  in  his  maintenance  of  truth,  but  averse  to  sectarian 
strife.     In  untiring  pastoral  diligence  and  in  zeal  and  fervor  in  the  pulpit 
in  urging  the  claims  of  the  Gospel  he  had  few  equals.     He  preached  in 
destitute  localities  for  twenty  miles  around,  as  opportunity  permitted.     He 
had  a  clear  and  analytical  mind,  and,  in  the  discussion  of  exciting  questions, 
he  was  always  moderate,  calm,  and  firm.     There  was  something  very  re- 
markable— a  peculiar  unction — about  his  prayers,  which  made  his  hearers 
feel  that  he  was  ''of  God's  own  hand  anointed." — Rev.  Dr.  Chs.  Scott. 

Eltinge,  C.  Du  Bois   (son  of  C.  C.  Eltinge)  ;  R.C.  1844,  N.B.S.  48,  1.  CI. 
Orange;  Miss,  to  Montgomery,  48-1850,  Fallsburgh,  51-2,  Raritan,  111., 
56-61,  w.  c.     His  name  was  dropped  from  the  roll  of  Classis  for  non- 
attendance  and  other  reasons. 
Eltinge,  Wilhelmus,  b.  near  Kingston,   1778;   C.NJ.   1796;   studied  under 
Dirck  Romeyn,  lie.  1798;  Paramus  and  Saddle  River,  1799-1811,  Para- 
mus,  1811-16,  Paramus  and  Totowa,  1st,  1816-33,  Paramus,  1833-50,  d. 
185 1.     Elected  a  trustee  of  Queen's  Coll.  1807.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1839. 
Called  at  the  early  age  of  twenty-one  to  the  ministry,  he  remained  for 
fifty-one  years  in  a  single  charge,  at  times,  however,  adding  to  this  a  neigh- 
boring congregation.     He  was  a  man  of  great  firmness  and  decision.     It 
was   difficult   to   change   his    opinion.     He   was    a    pointed   preacher.     He 
neither  courted  the  favor  nor  feared  the  frowns  of  men.     During  the  first 
three  years  of  his  ministry,  he  was  blessed  with  a  great  revival,  about  three 
hundred  being  added  to  his  churches.     He  was  prominent  in  the  scenes  of 
the  secession  in  Bergen  Co.,  N.  J.,  taking  a  firm  stand  against  the  seceders. 
He  was  a  ready  debater,  and  always  active  on  the  floor  of  Classis  or  Synod. 
He  was  very  punctual  in  his  habits.     He  lived  almost  forty  years  on  a  farm 
of  his  own,  ten  miles  from  his  charge;  and  he  would  start  on  Saturday 
morning  and  lecture  again  in  the  evening  on  the  way  home.     He  often 
quoted  to  young  ministers,  when  urging  them  to  diligence  in  the  Master's 
work :    "Juniores  ad  labores  !  Seniores  ad  henores  !" — Rev.  John  Manley. 

Publications  :  "Letter  of  Religious  Intelligence  from  Paramus,  N.  J." 
(N.  Y.  "Miss.  Magazine,"  vol.  3,  p.  76.  See  also  "Manual  and  Record  of 
Paramus,"  p.  50.)  "A  Peacemaker;  or,  an  Essay  on  the  Atonement  of 
Jesus  Christ,"  1823.  "A  Sermon  on  the  Inability  of  Man  to  Believe  in 
Jesus  Christ  Except  the  Father  Draw  Him,"  1823.  (Published  anony- 
mously.) A  Review  and  Refutation  of  "Short  Notices  and  Reviews,"  con- 
tained in  the  "Monthly  Evangelical  Witness"  of  August,  1823,  and  January. 
1824.  (This  magazine  was  edited  by  James  R.  Wilson,  of  Newburgh.) 
By  a  Dutchman  Good  and  True  of  1824. 


THE   MINISTRY.  457 

Emerick,  Irving  P.,  Shokan  and  Shandaken,  1889-90. 

Enders,  Jacob  Henry,  b.  Fort  Hunter,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  19,  1834;  U.C.  58,  P.S. 
61;  ord.  as  an  Evangelist  by  Presbyt.  of  Albany,  Oct.  1,  62;  S.S.  at 
Kingsboro,  N.  Y.,  62;   Chaplain,  U.S.A.,  62-5;  Lysander,  66-9,  Chit- 
tenango,  69-80;  in  Europe,  78-9;  assoc.  pastor,  Albany  City  Mission, 
81-4,  Synodical  Miss.  Sup.  of  Partic.  Synod  of  Albany,  90-9;  died  1901. 
On  Dec.  20,  1882,  a  beautiful  chapel  was  dedicated  at  Minaville,  a  gift  of 
Mr.  Enders,  in  memory  of  his  wife,  Elizabeth  Leslie  Voorhees,   1843-81. 
The  chapel  is  connected  with  the  church  in  the  rear  and  is  complete  in  all 
its  appointments.     Mrs.  Enders  had  been  brought  up  in  this  church.     The 
chapel  furnishes  the  church  with  all  the  accommodations  necessary  for  con- 
venience and  effective  work. 
Englesman,   John,   b.   at   Uithvizermeeden,    Groningen,    Neths.,    Mar.   6, 

1864 ;  H.C.  95,  W.S.  98,  1.  CI.  Wis. ;  Randolph  Centre,  Wis..  1898 

Ennis,  Howard  Wilber,  b.  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  July  6,  1868;  R.C.  90,  U.T.S. 
90-2;  ord.  by  N.  CI.  L.  I.  Nov.  10,  1892;  Newtown,  92-4  (Washington, 

West.  Presby.  94-7)  ;  Williamsburg,  L.  I.,  1898 

Ennis,  Jacob,  b.  in  Essex  Co.,  N.  J.,  1807;  N.B.S.  35  ;  1.  CI.  Bergen;  voyage 
to  Java,  June-Sept.,  1836,  Java,  1836-40,  also  preaching  on  Island  Balee, 
1838.  In  1837  he  made  an  exploration  into  the  interior  of  Sumatra, 
barely  escaping  with  his  life.  Died  in  Houston,  Tex.,  Jan.  12,  1890. 
He  married  a  Miss  Haines,  sister  of  Mrs.  Thos.  C.  Doremus,  the  noted 
friend  of  missions.  Upon  their  return,  in  1840,  she  separated  from  him  and 
he  was  deposed.  He  then  engaged  in  educational  work  and  was  elected 
Professor  of  Natural  Science  in  the  National  Military  College  of  Bristol, 
Pa.  Afterward  he  became  principal  and  proprietor  of  the  Scientific  and 
Classical  Institute  of  Philadelphia,  where  he  spent  the  best  part  of  his  life. 
He  also  occupied  for  some  years  the  chair  of  Physical  Sciences  in  the  State 
Normal  School  at  Shippenburg,  Pa.  In  his  career  as  an  educator,  he  from 
the  start  laid  great  stress  on  the  importance  of  the  study  of  nature,  and 
was  indeed  a  bold  and  fearless  innovator  in  this  respect,  anticipating  by 
perhaps  a  quarter  of  a  century  the  recognition  that  scientific  studies  have 
subsequently  had  in  all  the  highest  institutions  of  learning.  His  life  was 
quiet,  simple,  but  laborious.  He  was  a  member  of  the  chief  scientific  bodies, 
both  in  this  country  and  abroad,  and  his  contributions  in  the  shape  of  ad- 
dresses before  learned  societies,  pamphlets  and  articles  in  scientific  periodi- 
cals were  many  and  varied,  always  strikingly  original,  often  profound  and 
sometimes  prophetic.  Among  these  contributions,  chiefly  on  astronomical 
problems,  was  one  entitled  "The  Two  Great  Works  to  Be  Done  on  Our 
Sidereal  Systems."  In  this  publication  two  questions  are  asked — First, 
Which  way  round  does  the  great  ring  of  the  milky  way  revolve?  Secondly, 
In  which  direction  must  we  look  for  the  center  of  our  sidereal  systems, 
and  how  far  is  it  distant?  These  two  questions  he  attempted  to  answer 
himself  in  an  unpublished  work,  upon  which  he  expended  all  the  time  and 
thought  that  he  could  command  during  the  latter  days  of  his  life.  He  con- 
sidered this  the  most  important  and  certainly  the  most  original  and  far- 
reaching  of  his  works  on  astronomy,  and  it  will  no  doubt  be  published  in 


458 


THE   MINISTRY. 


due  time.  In  his  book  on  "The  Origin  of  the  Stars,"  published  over  twenty 
years  ago,  some  of  the  most  transcendental  problems  of  physical  astronomy 
were  attacked  and  solved  with  a  keen  analysis,  an  abundance  of  facts  and  a 
wealth  of  illustration  worthy  of  a  master  of  the  science.  Prof.  Ennis' 
intellectual  scope  and  sympathies  were  not  narrow  or  one-sided ;  he  was 
familiar  with  the  entire  range  of  English  and  classical  literature,  and  was 
an  excellent  linguist.  His  literary  style  was  simple,  direct  and  lucid;  he 
had  a  great  dislike  for  "big  words,"  and  always  succeeded  in  making  his 
ideas  clear  by  the  use  of  plain  and  untechnical  language  even  when  handling 
the  most  abstruse  problems.  His  habits  and  tastes  were  simple,  his  wants 
few,  his  disposition  kindly  and  gentle  and  the  attitude  of  his  mind  was  dis- 
tinctly reverent.  He  was  so  quiet,  modest  and  unobtrusive  that  but  few 
suspected  the  presence  of  a  great  thinker  so  near  at  home,  and  fewer  still 
knew  him  personally.  He  died  in  Houston,  Tex.,  Jan.  12,  1890. — "Popular 
Science  Monthly,"  May,  1890. 

His  journal,  while  in  the  East  Indies,  was  published  in  "Christian  Intel- 
ligencer" in  1839.  The  "Mints,  of  Classis  of  Bergen"  contain  the  account 
of  his  deposition  in  1840.  See  confirmation  of  the  same  in  "Mints.  Gen. 
Syn.,"  1841.     "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.,  R.C.,"  1890,  9. 

Enos,  Edgar  Ai.  b.  1846,  Ham.  Coll.  74,  U.S.  78,  lie.  CI.  Monmouth;  As- 
bury  Park,  78-9,  became  Episcopalian.     For  details  see  "U.  Sem.  Cat." 

Enyard,  Wm.  Tillotson,  b.  N.  Y.  C.  1836;  R.C.  55;  N.B.S.  58;  1.  CI.  Ber- 
gen; Mott  Haven,  58-65,  Brooklyn,  North,  65-73,  Brighton  Heights, 
73-9.     Died  Ap.  26,  1880. 

Erhardt,  Fred.  C,  b.  N.  Y.  C,  Ap.  17,  i860;  Bloomfield,  N.  J.,  79,  Theolog. 
School,  Bloomfield,  N.  J.,  82;  lie.  by  Presb.  of  Brooklyn  (Ger.  Presb. 
Ch.  Manchester,  N.  H.,  82-5)  ;  Ger.  Ch.  Norfolk  St..  N.  Y.  C,  85-94, 
Brooklyn,  New  (Herkimer  St.),  1894 

Erickzon,  Reinhardt,  b.  in  Groningen,  Neths.,  about  1695-1700;  matriculated 
at  Groningen  Univ.  Aug.  28,  1714,  for  the  study  of  Literature;  ord.  by 
CI.  of  Amsterdam  Sept.  4,  1725,  for  the  churches  of  New  Barbadoes 
(Hackensack),  Schraalenburg  and  Paramus.  Pastor  of  Hackensack. 
Paramus  and  Schraalenburgh,  1725-8,  Schenectady,  1728-36,  Schoharie, 
also,  1730-1,  supplied  Claverack,  1731-2,  Freehold  and  Middletown 
(Neversink),  1736-64;  d.  1771. 

His  name  is  apparently  Swedish.  In  Schenectady  he  had  many  acces- 
sions to  the  church.  On  June  18,  1734,  he  and  his  Consistory  petitioned  for 
a  charter  for  the  church  of  Schenectady.  He  was  the  first  President  of  the 
Coetus,  and  maintained  his  relations  to  them  almost  down  to  his  death. 
He  was  of  considerable  intellectual  ability,  highly  esteemed  by  his  minis- 
terial associates,  and  influential  in  the  counsels  of  the  church.  Toward  the 
close  of  his  pastorate  in  Monmouth  County,  he  became  a  victim  to  the  drink- 
ing customs  of  the  day.  Charges  were  made  against  him,  his  salary  was 
withheld,  and  he  was  excluded  from  his  pulpit.  He  continued  to  live  in  the 
parsonage  for  six  years,  until  a  successor  was  called,  when  he  removed  to 
New  Brunswick  and  lived  with  a  daughter,  Mrs.  Van  Norden.  He  died 
soon  after.     A  portrait  of  him  is  in  possession  of  Rev.  G.  C.  Schanck. 


THE   MINISTRY.  459 

See  "Amst.  Cor.,"  many  letters  or  allusions;  "Minutes  of  Coetus"  and 
"Brick  Church  Memorial"  (Marlboro'),  by  Rev.  T.  W.  Wells,  1877,  which 
contains  the  fullest  account  of  him  yet  published. 

Ettirajooloo,  received  by  letter  as  a  member  of  Classis  of  Arcot,   1867; 

Head  Master  at  Arcot  Seminary  at  Vellore,  India,  1867-71. 
Evans,    Chas.   A.,   Mooresville   and   Roxbury,    1849-50,    Mooresville,    50-3, 

Clove,  53-6,  South  Bend,  56-7,  Jefferson,  1857-8,  w.  c. 
Evans,  C.  P.,  S.S.  Wynantskill,  1881-3. 
Evans,  E.,  Jamesville,  N.  Y.,  1836. 
Evans,  Wm.,  Miss,  to  Cobleskill,  Breakabin  and  Livingstonville,  1826-.., 

Owasco,  39-46,  w.  c.  1846-8. 

Faber,  John  Peter,  N.B.S.  1899,  Stuyvesant  Falls,  1899 

Fagg,  John  Gerardus,  b.  Bethlehem,  Wis.,  Feb.  21,  i860;  H.C.  81;  N.B.S. 

85  ;  1.  CI.  Wisconsin ;  Lawyersville  and  Cobleskill,  85-87,  Miss,  at  Amoy, 

China,  88-94,    New   Paltz,  94-95,   Middle   Collegiate   Ch.,   N.   Y.    C, 

189S 

Publications:  "Forty  Years  in  South  China;  or,  Life  of  Rev.  John 
Van  Neste  Talmage,"  1894.  "Life  of  St.  Paul,"  1891.  "^Esop's  Fables," 
1891. 

Fairchild,  E.  S.,  A.C.  and  C.N.J.  1856;  A.S.  1859  (Morrisania,  Cong.,  60-1, 
Oyster  Bay,  Presbyt,  62-5),  Flushing,  66-71,  College  Point,  71-8,  editor 
of  "The  Flushing  Times,"  78-9,  New  York  City,  6th  Ave.,  80-1886. 

Farmer,  S.  F.,  Franklin  Col.,  O.,  1850,  Cannonsburg  Sem.,  Pa.,  54  (United 
Presbyt.,  Williamsburgh,  56-61,  N.  Y.  C,  Presbyt,  28th  St..  61-8)  ; 
Brooklyn,  East,  68-1870;  Presbyterian. 

Farr,  Jas.  McC,  b.  N.  Y.  C,  1869,  C.  N.  J.  90;  P.S.  91 ;  assist,  pastor,  48th 
St.,  N.  Y.  C,  1896. 

Farrar,  Jas.  McNall,  b.  Candor,  Pa.,  June  16,  1853 ;  Westminster  Coll. 
75;  P.S.  78;  ord.  U.P.  Presbyt.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  Dec.  10,  78  (Har- 
risville,  O.,  78-84,  Philadelphia,  4th,  Pa.,  84-00,  both,  Presbyt.)  ;  Brook- 
lyn, 1st,  1890.     D.D.  by  W.C.T.  1891. 

Faulkner  Wm.  E.,  Wyckoff,  88-91. 

Fehrman,  Jacob,  b.  Jan.  29,  1838,  in  N.  Y.  C. ;  N.B.S.  62;  lie.  N.  CI.  L.I. ; 
colleague  with  Dr.  J.  B.  Hardenbergh  in  Gouverneur  St.  Mission  for  a 
few  months ;  Richmond,  S.  I.,  62-6,  Fordham,  66-9  (East  Lake  George, 
Union  Evang.  Ch.,  70-2),  High  Bridge,  1872-4;  d.  Mar.  1.  See  "Man- 
ual" of  1879. 

Fiecke,  Julius,  Jersey  City,  1st,  Ger.  1893-5. 

Feltch,  Jos.  H.,  1867. 

Fenner,  Jas.,  1864-7. 

Ferris,  Isaac,  b.  in  N.  Y.  C,  Oct.  9,  1798;  C.C.  1816,  N.B.S.  1820,  1.  CI. 
N.B. ;  Miss,  at  Manheim,  Oppenheim,  Danube,  Osquak  and  Herkimer, 
Sept.-Dec.  20;  New  Brunswick,  21-4,  Albany,  2d,  24-36,  Market  St., 
N.  Y.  C,  36-53 ;  Chancellor  of  N.  Y.  University,  and  Prof.  Moral  Phil. 


460  THE    MINISTRY. 

and  Evid.  Rev.  Religion,  52-70,  Chancellor,  Emeritus,  1870-3;  d.  June 
16.  Elected  a  trustee  of  Q.C.  1822.  D.D.  by  U.C.  1833.  LL.D.  by  C.C. 
1853. 

His  preliminary  and  collegiate  education  were  secured  only  by  dint  of 
his  strong  will,  and  with  his  devoted  mother's  assiduous  aid.  When  a  lad, 
he  exchanged  a  pair  of  skates,  which  he  had  bought  with  money  that  he 
had  earned,  for  a  Latin  Grammar;  and  while  aiding  his  father,  who  was  a 
quartermaster  in  the  last  war  with  Great  Britain,  he  studied  this  book  at 
every  opportunity,  until  at  length  he  was  placed  under  the  care  of  the  cele- 
brated blind  classical  teacher,  Professor  Neilson,  who  prepared  him  for 
college.  Such  persistent  struggles  speedily  brought  their  rewards.  Re- 
sisting strong  inducements  to  enter  upon  secular  and  lucrative  professional 
life,  he  gave  himself  to  the  work  of  the  ministry.  In  1852  he  was  chosen 
Chancellor  of  the  University  of  the  City  of  New  York,  an  office  which  had 
been  vacated  nearly  two  years  before  by  the  removal  of  the  Hon.  Theodore 
Frelinghuysen  to  the  Presidency  of  Rutgers  College,  and  which  demanded 
the  highest  courage  and  executive  ability  to  cope  with  its  immediate  diffi- 
culties. Seventeen  years  and  a  half  of  services  followed,  which  resulted  in 
the  extinction  of  a  crushing  debt  of  nearly  one  hundred  thousand  dollars, 
the  endowment  of  four  professorships  by  contributions  of  nearly  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty  thousand  dollars  more,  and  in  the  addition  of  several  new 
departments  to  the  course  of  instruction.  At  the  age  of  seventy-two,  the 
Chancellor  retired  from  active  labors  with  the  title  of  Emeritus  and  the 
honors  of  a  successful  administration.  The  remaining  period  of  his  life 
was  largely  devoted  to  useful  services  in  various  charitable  and  educational 
institutions  and  in  the  Boards  of  our  own  church. 

His  majestic  presence,  his  broad  and  well-balanced  mind,  his  fine  endow- 
ments, his  kindly  nature,  his  benevolent  spirit,  his  successful  ministries  of 
every  kind  are  fresh  in  the  memories  of  thousands.  He  possessed  great  sa- 
gacity, a  large  stock  of  roundabout  common  sense,  administrative  powers 
that  were  seldom  equaled,  and  a  combination  of  practical  qualities  which 
made  him  wise  in  counsel,  bold  in  action,  progressive  and  yet  conservative, 
and  intensely  earnest  in  following  the  dictates  of  his  convictions  and  in  pur- 
suing his  plans  for  accomplishing  great  things  in  the  kingdom  of  Christ.  In 
the  Boards  and  Synods  of  the  church,  in  the  Sunday-school  and  Bible  Socie- 
ties, in  the  Rutgers  Female  Institute  and  in  the  University,  he  had  full  scope 
for  the  development  of  his  peculiar  executive  skill.  As  a  preacher,  he  was 
pre-eminently  scriptural,  practical,  clear,  discriminating,  earnest,  direct,  and 
wise.  His  pastoral  qualifications  were  of  the  most  effective  kind.  Person- 
ally, he  possessed  a  magnetism  which  reached  the  whole  circle  of  his  asso- 
ciations, and  made  him  the  best  of  friends  and  a  center  of  great  influence. 

Intensely  attached  to  his  own  church,  his  comprehensive  charity  enlisted 
him  most  heartily  in  all  the  great  movements  of  the  kingdom  of  God.  De- 
voted to  his  own  immediate  pastorates,  he  laid  himself  out  as  well  for  the 
interests  of  the  entire  denomination.  He  loved  the  doctrine  and  practice 
of  Christian  unity,  and  with  unfaltering  step  followed  wherever  the  Master 
led  him.     Nay,  he  was  a  born  leader  under  the  great  Captain,  and  thousands 


THE   MINISTRY.  461 

were  glad  to  march  under  his  gentle  guidance.  But,  withal,  he  was  one  of 
the  most  decided  of  men.  He  could  be  as  stern  and  positive  as  he  was 
dignified  and  kind. 

But  the  crowning  virtue  of  Dr.  Ferris  was  that  deep-toned,  personal 
piety  which  graced  his  speech,  molded  his  character,  beautified  his  life  and 
mellowed  his  age.  Its  saintly  glow  was  upon  his  radiant  face ;  it  shone  in 
his  acts,  and  it  was  glorified  in  his  departure.  No  raptures,  no  ectasies  at- 
tended his  last  illness,  but  peace  reigned,  and  there  was  a  heavenly  beauty 
upon  and  within  him,  in  which  he  realized  that  apostolic  benediction,  "The 
grace  of  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  and  the  love  of  God,  and  the  communion  of 
the  Holy  Ghost  be  with  you."  Even  when  his  mind  was  wandering  upon 
all  other  subjects,  it  was  bright  and  at  home  whenever  Christ  and  his 
church  were  named.  He  died  without  a  struggle,  and  his  rest  is  glorious. 
See  Duyckinck's  "Cyc.  Am.  Lit."  fed.  1855),  li,  733. 

Publications:  "A  New  Year's  Sermon,"  1827  ("Mag.  R.D.C.,"  i,  361). 
"An  Appeal  in  Behalf  of  Sunday-schools."  "Annual  Sermon  Before  Am. 
S.S.U.,"  1834.  "Domestic  Christian  Education,"  1835.  "Address  at  the 
Funeral  of  Col.  Alex.  B.  Thompson,  U.S.A.,"  1838.  "Address  at  the  Open- 
ing of  Rutgers  Female  Institute,"  1839.  "Questions  and  Proofs  for  S.Ss.," 
1842-7,  completing  the  circle  of  evangelical  doctrines  in  five  years.  "Ecclesi- 
astical Characteristics  of  R.P.D.C,"  1848.  "Home  Made  Happy."  "A 
Sermon  to  Parents,"  1848.  "A  Discourse  before  the  A.B.C.F.M.,"  Sept. 
12,  1848.  "A  Letter  to  the  Ministers  and  Members  of  R.D.C.  in  Behalf  of 
the  Education  of  Christian  Young  Men  for  the  Ministry,"  1851.  "Address 
at  the  Organization  of  the  Y.M.C.A.,  of  New  York,"  1853.  "A  Sermon  on 
the  Influence  of  True  Affection,"  "National  Preacher,"  1857.  "Report  on 
Separate  Action  in  Foreign  Missions,"  made  to  the  General  Synod  in  1856 
and  printed  in  1857.  (Dr.  Ferris  was  the  actual  author  of  this  paper.)  A 
large  separate  edition  was  printed.  "Address  at  the  Opening  of  the  Law 
Department  of  the  University  of  New  York,"  1858.  "Funeral  Sermon  Oc- 
casioned by  the  Death  of  the  Rev.  T.  M.  Strong,  D.D.,"  1861.  "A  Discourse 
on  the  Death  of  Rev.  G.  W.  Bethune,"  1862.  "Discourse  Commemorative 
of  Rev.  John  C.  Guldin,"  1863.  "National  Thanksgiving,"  1863.  "Jubilee 
Memorial  of  American  Bible  Society,"  1866.  "Semi-Centennial  of  Ameri- 
can Sunday-school  Union,"  1866.  "Address  at  the  150th  Anniversary  of 
the  First  R.D.C.  at  New  Brunswick,"  1867.  (In  "Steele's  Hist.  Dis- 
course.") "Inauguration  at  Rutgers  Female  College,"  1867.  "Address  at 
the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  North  Dutch  Church,"  1869.  "Speech 
Before  the  15th  Annual  Convention  of  Sunday-school  Teachers  of  New 
York  State,"  1870.  "Address  at  the  Laying  of  the  Corner-stone  of  Madi- 
son Avenue  Reformed  Church,"  1871.  "Memorial  Discourse;  or,  Fifty 
Years  in  the  Reformed  Church  in  America,"  1871.  Many  Reports  of  the 
Board  of  Foreign  Missions.  Article  in  "Sprague's  Annals,"  on  Rev.  John 
S.  Vredenbergh.     Many  Union  Question-Books  of  Am.  S.S.U. 

Ferris,  John  Mason  (son  of  Isaac  Ferris),  b.  Albany,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  17,  1825; 
N.Y.U.  43,  N.B.S.  49,  1.  CI.  N.B. :  Tarrytown,  49-51,  Tarrytown,  2d. 
51-4,   Chicago,  2d,  54-62,   Grand  Rapids,   1st,   62-5,   Prof,  in  Holland 


462  THE   MINISTRY. 

Academy,  64-5,  Sec.  Bd.  For.  Missions,  65-83,  Editor  of  "Christian  In- 
telligencer," 1883— D.D.  by  R.C.  1867.  See  Moerdyk's  "Hist,  of  Church 
of  Grand  Rapids,"  page  11;  also  "200th  Anniv.  of  Ch.  of  Tarrytown," 

I49# 

Publications:     Numerous   articles   in  "Chicago  Press"   and   "Chicago 

Tribune"  and  in  "Grand  Rapids  Eagle,"  1854-64-     "Reports  of  Board  of 
Foreign  Missions,"  1865-83.     "Hist.  Foreign  Missions"  in  "Manual  R.C.A.," 
1869,  1879.    "Address  at  200th  Anniv.  of  Ch.  of  Tarrytown,"  1897. 
Ferris.  Win,  b.  1818;  lie.  by  CI.  L.I.,  1869;  East  Williamsburg,  73-81.    Died 

July  18,  1883. 
Ferwerda.   Floris    (son-in-law  of  Dr.   S.  M.   Woodbridge),   H.C.   1897; 

N.B.S.  1900;  lie.  by Palisades,  1900 

Ficken,  Herman  C,  Bloomfield,  Academy  Dept. ;  N.B.S.  1898;  1.  S.  CI. 

L.I. ;  Schagticoke,  1898 

Ficken,  John,  Canarsie,  1893-1900,  w.  c. 

Field,  Jacob  Ten  Eyck,  b.  at  Lamington,  N.  J.,  1787;  C.N.J.  18..,  studied 
theology  under  Dr.  Woodhull,  of  Monmouth  (Miss,  at  and  near 
Stroudsburg,  Pa.,  1807-10;  ord.  Nov.  28,  1810;  Presbyt.  Ch.  Fleming- 
ton,  N.  J.,  1810-1813,  Pompton  Plains,  13-15,  Pompton,  15-27,  Totowa, 
2d,  28-32;  Presbyt.  Died  1866. 
Publication:  Farewell  Sermon  at  Pompton,  Ap.  3,  1827.  Text  Mic. 
6:    3. 

Finch,  Horace  W.,  N.Y.U.  1846 ;  Greenport,  1857-60,  w.  c.  1860-4. 
Fisher,  Geo.  H.,  b.  1800;  C.C.,  1821,  N.B.S.  25;  1.  CI.  N.B.;  North  Branch, 
25-30,  Fishkill,  30-5,  Hudson,  36-41 ;  also  S.S.  at  Mt.  Pleasant,  38-41. 
Broome  St.,  N.  Y.,  41-55,  Utica,  55-9,  Hackensack,  2d,  64-70,  emeritus. 
Died  1872.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1845. 
For  many  years  he  stood  in  the  foremost  rank  of  the  distinguished  minis- 
ters of  the  Reformed  Church.     He  was  a  man  of  ripe  scholarship,  of  ex- 
tensive knowledge,  and  of  more  than  the  average  pulpit  power.    Churches  of 
prominence  sought  him  as  their  pastor,  and  he  filled  every  situation  to 
which  he  was  called  with  great  satisfaction  to  the  people  to  whom  he  minis- 
tered, and  always  left  the  fields  in  which  he  had  labored  greatly  strengthened 
by  large  ingatherings.     He  took  an  active  part  in  the  work  of  the  denomina- 
tion, acting  for  six  years,  during  his  residence  in  New  York,  as  the  Corre- 
sponding Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Domestic  Missions  for  the  Eastern 
Department.     He  was  always  regarded  by  those  who  were  associated  with 
him  as  a  prudent  counselor  and  an  efficient  administrator  of  all  the  trusts 
confided  to  him.     His  ministry  in  the  church  at  Broome  St.,  as  the  succes- 
sor of  Rev.  Dr.  Van  Vranken.  who  had  been  called  to  the  Theological 
Seminary,   was   an  eminently  prosperous   one.     The   remembrance  of  his 
earnest  and  efficient  preaching,  of  his  faithful  labors,  of  his  kind,  social  in- 
tercourse and  his  devout  life  was  long  regarded  as  a  rich  inheritance  by 
that  congregation.     He  was  especially  noted  for  his  wisdom  and  tenderness 
among  the  families  of  affliction,  where  he  was  truly  a  son  of  consolation. 
His   manner   was   reserved   and  his  appearance  dignified,    courteous    and 


THE   MINISTRY.  463 

affable.  He  was  fluent  as  a  speaker,  and  in  his  sermonizing  clear,  compact 
and  forcible.  As  a  member  of  church  courts  he  was  most  valuable  from 
his  thorough  knowledge  of  the  constitution  and  his  familiarity  with  cus- 
toms and  usages.  In  his  whole  life  he  conducted  himself  as  an  earnest 
and  conscientious  minister  of  the  Gospel ;  and  in  his  death,  which  was  a 
triumph  of  faith,  he  showed  himself  to  be  a  true  Christian.  During  the 
last  two  years  of  his  life  he  was  disabled  from  all  public  services  and  active 
mental  exertion.  Living  among  the  people  to  whom  he  had  formerly  min- 
istered, he  exerted  a  most  happy  influence  as  the  ex-pastor  of  the  church 
and  a  wise  counselor  of  his  successor.  He  died  at  Hackensack  on  the  23d 
of  November,  1874,  in  the  sixty-ninth  year  of  his  age,  and  the  forty-seventh 
of  his  ministry. — Rev.  Dr.  R.  H.  Steele. 

Publication  :  "Divine  Providence  Proved  and  Illustrated."  "Nat. 
Preacher,"  1848. 

Fisher,  Isaac  M.,  C.C.  1817;  N.B.S.  1820;  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Bedminister,  21-38, 

Newburgh,  38-9 ;  d.    Elected  a  trustee  of  Q.C.  1835. 
Fisher,  Jas.  Pinkerton,  b.  Londonderry,  N.H.,  1813,  U.C.  39 ;  U.S.  41 ;  S.S. 

Glen,  N.  Y.,  1845-6.    Died  1865.     For  further  details,  see  "U.S.  Cat." 

Fitzgerald,  Thos.,  Minisink,  1879-81. 

Fletcher,  Orville  Theodore,  b.  Mt.  Pleasant,  Pa.,  Jan.  12,   1869;  Ham. 

C.  92;  lie.  by  Meth.  Epis.  Ch.  93;  U.S.  95;  lie.  by  Presbyt.  95   (Wee- 

hawken,  Presb.  94-6)  ;  Altamont,  N.  Y.,  1896 

Flikkema,  Garret,  b.  Fulton,  111.;  Univ.  of  Nebraska,  95,  N.B.S.  98;  1.  CI. 

Wisconsin :  Palmyra  and  Ontario,  98-9,  Palmyra,  99-1902,  Muscatine, 

1902 

Flipse,    Martin,   H.C.    1890;    N.B.S.   93;    Albany    (Hoi.),   93-6,    Passaic 

(Hoi.),  1896 

Florence,  E.  W.,  Owasco  Outlet,  1899- 1902,  Currytown,  1902 

Foering,  Christian  Frederick,  b.  1736;  studied  under  Weyberg;  lie.  and 
ord.  by  the  Ger.  Coetus  in  the  spring  of  1769  (Germantown,  Pa.,  1769- 
72,  call  dated  Sept.,  1771)  ;  Ger.  Ref.  N.  Y.  C,  1772-4,  Hillsborough 
(Millstone),  1774-9;  d.  March  29. 

A  native  of  Hanover,  he  was  brought  to  America  by  his  widowed  mother 
when  only  seven  years  of  age.  His  father  having  died  in  the  military  ser- 
vice of  that  kingdom,  his  mother,  to  save  him  from  the  impressment  which 
she  knew  to  be  before  him,  tied  him  to  her  back,  and,  skating  across  the 
Rhine,  escaped.  They  secured  a  passage  to  New  York  and  ultimately  took 
up  their  abode  in  Philadelphia  or  vicinity.  The  lad  became  a  schoolmaster 
and  afterward  studied  the  surveyor's  art;  but  God  called  him  to  the  min- 
istry. He  married  Miss  Margaret  Miller,  daughter  of  Sebastian  Miller,  a 
merchant  of  Germantown,  Pa.,  and  numerous  descendants  live  in  Philadel- 
phia to  this  day.  He  preached  in  German,  Dutch,  or  English.  His  teacher 
represented  him  as  a  man  who  had  spirit  and  life,  and  who  would  take 
trouble  to  bring  souls  to  the  Lord  Jesus.  His  congregation  in  New  York 
was  very  loth  to  part  with  him.  He  was  eminently  devout.  He  was  also 
an  ardent  and  active  patriot  in  the  American  Revolution  and  one  of  the 


464  THE    MINISTRY. 

early  trustees  of  Queen's  College.     He  died  of  a  cold,  caught  in  escaping 
party  of  British  sent  out  to  capture  him  because  of  his  zeal  in  behalf 
1  ty.     See  "Millstone  Centennial,"  1866,  p.  47-55  ;  "Helffenstein's  Ser. 
at  Germantown,  Pa.,"  1867,  and  "Harbaugh's  Life  of  Schlatter,"  246. 

Folmsbee,  Garret  Jacob,  R.C.  1890;  N.B.S.  93;  1.  CI Prospect  Hill, 

X.  Y.  C,  1893-6. 

Fonda,  Jacob  D..  b.  1793.  at  Watervliet;  U.C.  1815;  X.B.S.  19;  1.  CI.  N.B. : 
Easton  and  Union  Village,  20-30.  Union  Village,  30-5,  Caughnawaga, 
35-42,  Linlithgo  and  Greenport,  42-7,  Schaghticoke,  47-56;  d.  See 
"Manual"  of  1879. 

Fonda,  Jesse,  b.  at  Watervliet,  April  27.  1786;  U.C.  1806,  lie.  North  Con- 
sociation, Hartford  Co.,  Ct,  1808;  Nassau  and  Schodack,  1809-13,  New 
Brunswick.  13-17,  Montgomery,  17-27;  d.  May  2.  Elected  a  trustee 
of  Queen's  Col.,  1814.  See  "Manual*'  of  1879.  See  also  "Mag.  R.D.C.," 
i,  103,  ii,  96,  225-234. 

Publications:  "Letter  of."  ("Mag.  R.D.C.."  ii.  231-234.)  "On  Bap- 
tism," i2mo.  "Confidence  in  God  in  a  Day  of  Trouble ;  a  Valedictory  Dis- 
course at  New  Brunswick,"  1817.  "Familiar  Letters  on  the  Sacraments," 
1824. 

Forbes,  Jas.  Campbell,  b.  Glasgow,  Scotland,  Feb.  19,  1869;  Glasgow  Univ. 
94,  N.B.S.  97.  I.  CI.  Westchester;  Gansevoort,  97-9,   Port  Jervis,  2d, 

1899 

Force,  Frank  A.,  b.  Woolcot,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  24.  1850;  H.C.  76.  N.B.S.  80, 
1.  CI.,  Michigan:  Woodstock,  80-2,  Manito  and  Spring  Lake,  82-6  (El- 
mira  and  Fife  Lake.   Mich..  86-01).  Gallupville,  91-5.  Owasco  Outlet, 

95-8.  Courtlandtown,  1890 

Force,  Jas.  G.,  b.  1767:  C.N.J.  1794;  S.S.  at  Walpeck,  t8o8-ii  ;  Reed,  from 

Presbyt.  of  Jersey.  181 1 ;  Walpeck  and  Hardwick,  11-16,  Walpeck,  16-27 

(also   supplied   at   times    Smithfield.    N.   J.,    Presbyt.)  ;    d.    1851.     See 

"Manual,"  1879;  also  "Mills  Hist.  Disc,"  1874. 

Ford,  Herbert,  b.  Norwich.  Fng..  Feb.  9.   i860;  U.S.  90:   S.S.  East  Will- 

iamsburgh,  1890-1.     For  details,  see  "U.S.  Cat." 
Ford,  Wm.  H.  b.  Lebanon.  X.  Y..  1848;  U.S.  1873:  Northumberland  and 
Fort  Miller.   75-7.   Northumberland.   77-80    (Presbyt.;    New   Scotland, 
N.  Y..  80-2.  Matawan.  N.  J.,  82-3)  ;  Brooklyn,  Middle,  83-7,  Bushwick, 
87-91    (Presbyterian). 
Forsyth,  Jas.  C.  Farmer  Village,  1870-5.  Montgomery,  Presb.,  1875-98;  d. 
Forsyth.  John.  b.  1811.  at  Newburgh,  X.  Y. ;  R.C.  29;  University  of  Edin- 
burgh: studied  theology  under  Dr.  Chalmers:  Philadelphia.  2d,  Assoc. 
Ref.  Ch.  35-7.  Newburgh,  Union  Ch.  37-47:  also  Assoc.  Prof.  Bib.  Lit. 
in  Theolog.  Sem.  Assoc.  Ref.  Ch.,  Newburgh,  37-47.  Prof,  of  Latin  in 
C.N. J.,  47-53.  Prof.   Bib.  Lit.  and  Ecc.   Hist..   Newburgh.   53-60,  Prof 
Eng.   Lang,   and   Lit.   in    Rutgers   Coll.,   60-3,    Prof.    Moral    Philosophy 
and  Chaplain  at  West  Point,  71-81  ;  placed  on  the  retired  list  of  the 
Army.    Died  1886.  Oct.  17,    D.D.  by  R.C.  1842. 

TH--  natural  abilities,  enriched  with  varied  scholarship  and  large  experi- 


THE    MINISTRY.  465 

ence,  peculiarly  fitted  him  for  the  fields  of  service  to  which  at  different 
periods  of  his  life  he  was  called.  Dr.  Forsyth  was  hospitable,  benevolent, 
interested  in  the  religious  and  moral  prosperity  of  his  city,  possessed  of  a 
catholic  spirit  and  a  person  who  had  broad  views  of  Christian  duty  and 
greatly  rejoiced  in  what  advanced  the  Master's  kingdom  and  lamented 
when  obstacles  were  presented  to  prevent  that  advancement.  To  promote 
that  growth  his  voice  and  busy  pen  were  employed. 

Publications  :  American  edition  of  "Dick's  Theology,"  in  2  vols.,  with 
"Life  of  the  Author,"  1836.  "Address  Before  the  Alumni  of  Rutgers  Col- 
lege," 1836.  "Dignity  and  Duty  of  the  Church."  "The  Bride  Saith  Come." 
"A  Sermon  Before  the  Associate  Reformed  Synod  of  New  York,"  1836. 
"Sketches  of  Scottish  Church  History."  "Christian  Magazine,"  1836. 
"History  of  the  Marion  Controversy."  "Christian  Magazine,"  1837. 
Many  other  articles  in  subsequent  vols,  of  "Christian  Magazine."  "Truth 
in  Jesus."  A  Sermon  Preached  in  the  First  A.  R.  Church  of  Newburgh. 
1837.  "History  of  the  Theological  Seminary  of  the  Assoc.  Ref.  Church," 
1840.  "History  of  the  Associate  Reformed  Church,"  1844.  See  "Rupp's 
History  of  Denominations."  "Memoir  of  the  Rev.  Alexander  Proudfit, 
D.D.,  with  Selections,"  1844.  "Pastor's  Counsels  to  a  Young  Christian." 
1844.  "The  Christian  Instructor,"  Vols.  1  and  2.  Editor  of,  1845-6.  "Ad- 
dress Before  the  Peithessnphian  and  Philoclean  Societies  of  Rutgers  Col- 
lege," 1848.  "The  Epistle  of  James  in  Henry's  Commentary,  with  Addi- 
tional Notes."  "Partridge  and  Oakey's  Edition  of  London,"  1848.  "Fishers 
of  Men."  A  Sermon  in  Assoc.  Ref.  Pulpit,  1851.  "Historical  Essays  on 
the  Reformation  in  Holland  and  Geneva"  and  on  the  "Synod  of  Dort." 
"Christian  Intelligencer,"  1856.  "Power  and  Perpetuity  of  Law."  A 
Sermon  Delivered  in  the  Chapel  of  the  College  of  New  Jersey.  "Prince- 
ton Pulpit,"  1852.  "Duty  of  Praying  for  Others,"  by  Rev.  W.  Romaine. 
Edited  by,  with  Sketch  of  His  Life  and  Times.  "Presb.  Board,"  1856. 
"Presbyterianism  Before  the  Reformation."  "Address  Before  the  Presb. 
Historical  Society,"  Philadelphia,  1857.  "Sermon  on  the  Death  of  the 
Rev.  Abraham  Polhemus,  D.D.,"  in  the  First  Ref.  Dutch  Church  of  Newark. 
In  "Memorial  of,"  1857.  "Beginning  at  Jerusalem."  A  Sermon  Deliv- 
ered at  the  Annual  Meeting  of  the  American  and  Foreign  Christian  Union, 
1858.  "Formularies  of  the  Church  of  Holland."  1859;  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  Jan. 
27,  1859,  seQ-  Articles  on  the  "Belgic  Confession."  in  "Ch.  Int.."  spring  of 
i860.  "The  Good  Fight":  Sermon  Before  Grad.  Gas?  of  Rutgers  Coll.. 
1861.  "Baccalaureate  Address  to  Senior  Class,  R.C.."  1862.  "History  of 
the  Public  Schools  of  Newburgh,"  1863.  "Lives  of  the  Early  Governors 
of  New  York"  ;  in  "Newburgh  Daily  Union,"  1863.  "The  Public  Library." 
Address  at  the  Reopening  of  Public  Library.  Newburgh,  1863.  "Trans- 
lation and  Enlargement  of  Moll's  Exposition  of  Psalms  42-50."  in  "Lange's 
Commentary,"  1871.  "Translation  and  Enlargement  of  Schmoller's  Ex- 
position of  Joel,"  with  a  new  version,  in  "Lange's  Commentary."  1874. 
Letters  to  the  "Scottish  Guardian,"  Glasgow,  from  1846-1861.  Articles 
in  "Princeton  Review":  1.  "Allison's  History  of  Europe,"  1843.  2.  "Fall 
of  the  Jesuits."  1845.  3.  "Whewell's  Elements  of  Morality,"  1846.  4.  "The 
Evangelical   Alliance,"   1846.     5.  "The  Apostolic   Constitutions,"   1849.     6. 


466 


THE    MINISTRY. 


""Ignatius   and   His   Times,'"    1S49.     7.  "Macaulay's    History   of  England," 

1850.  8.  "Dyer's  Life  of  Calvin,"  1850.  9.  "CEcolampadius,  the  Reformer 
of  Basle,"  1851.  10.  "Panslavism,  Germanism,  and  the  Reformation  in 
Poland,"  1851.  11.  'History  of  the  Vaudois  Church,"  1851.  12.  "Bristed's 
Five  Years  in  an  English  University,"  1852.  13.  "D'Aubigne's  History  of 
the  Reformation  in  England"  (vol.  5),  1853.  14.  "Sprague's  Annals  of  the 
American  Pulpit,"  vols.  1  and  2,  1857.  15.  "Sprague's  Annals  of  the 
American  Pulpit,"  vols.  3  and  4,  1858.  16.  "Sprague's  Annals  of  the 
American  Pulpit,"  vol.  7,  1861.  17.  "Sprague's  Annals  of  the  American 
Pulpit,  Unitarian,"  1865.  18.  "Sprague's  Annals  of  the  Smaller  Bodies  of 
Presbyterians  in  U.  S.,"  1869.  19.  "Memoirs  of  Philip  di  Mornay,"  1862. 
20,  "The  Fathers  of  Rosshire,"  1863.  21.  "Arabia,"  1865.  22  "The  Great 
Schools  of  England,"  1866.  23.  "Froude's  History  of  England,"  1869. 
"New  Brunswick  Review":  "Thomas  Boston,"  1849.  "Theological  and 
Literary  Journal,"  Dr.  Lord's      New  York:  "The  Fullness  of  the  Times," 

1851.  "Hengstenberg's  Song  of  Solomon,"  1853.  "History  of  the  Otto- 
man Empire,"  1855.  "Spra'gue's  Annals,"  1857.  "Porter's  Damascus  and 
Palmyra,"  1857.  Letters  in  "Dr.  Sprague's  Annals."  on  "Rev.  Dr.  John 
Johnston,"  on  "Rev.  Dr.  John  Pierce,"  on  "Rev.  Joseph  Tuckerman,"  on 
"Rev.  Isaac  Rysdyk,"  on  "Rev.  Jesse  Fonda,"  on  "Rev.  William  Macaulay," 
on  "Rev.  James  Scrimgeour,"  on  "Rev.  Robert  Forrest,"  on  "Rev.  Dr. 
Samuel  B.  Wylie,"  on  "Rev.  Dr.  James  R.  Wilson."  Letters  in  "Memorial 
of  Rev.  Thomas  De  Witt.  D.D.,"  1876.  "Memoirs  of  Rev.  Joseph  M.  Car- 
roll, D.D.,"  in  "Men  of  Note  in  Cumberland  Valley,"  1876.  Analytical 
Index  to  the  First  Series  of  the  "Princeton  Review,"  1825-28.  Index  to 
Topics  Discussed  in  Forty  Volumes  of  the  "Princeton  Review,"  1820-68. 

Fort,  Ab.,  b.  at  Schaghticoke,  1790;  U.C.  1810,  studied  under  Froeligh,  and 
X.B.S.  1821,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1821;  Westerlo,  1822-30,  Westerlo,  Union, 
Salem,  and  Coeymans,  1830-1,  Salem  and  Union,  1831-6,  Esopus,  1836- 
53,  w.  c.  1853-60,  d.  Had  charge  also  of  Wiltwyck  Chapel,  1854-60. 
See  "Manual"  of  1879. 

Fortuin,  Foppe,  b.  Heeg,  Neths.,  Sept.  10,  1853  5  Zetten  College,  Neths.  73, 
Utrecht  Univ.  78;  lie.  by  Hervormde  Kerk.  July  21,  78;  Gereformeerde 
Kerken,  Jan.  29,  87,  in  the  Neths. ;  Christian  Refd.  Ch.  in  America, 
Mar.  1,  98;  in  Ref.  Ch.  in  A.,  Feb.  27,  1901.  Pastor,  Brunisse,  Heeg. 
78-81,  Barendrecht,  Hilversum,  84-91;  (Kalamazbo,  Mich..  Ch.  Refd. 
08-1901.)  Middleburg,  la.  (Ch.  of  Free  Grace),  1901 

Publications  :     "Sermons  in  Dutch."    "Het  Ontstaan,  de  Erkenning  en 
het  Gezag  der  Drie  Formulieren  van  Eenigheid." 
Fowler,  Wm.  Coutant,  b.  Newburgh,  N.  Y.,  1839,  U.S.  70,   (Methodist)  ; 

ord.  CI.  Rensselaer,  74,  Stuyvesant  Falls,  74-80.     For  other  details,  see 

"U.  S.  Cat." 
Fox,  Valentine  Radiger,  c.  from  Germany,  Germantown,  N.  Y.,   1802-24, 

retd.  to  Germany. 
Francis,  Lewis,  b.  at  Royalton,  Vt,  Sept.  14,  1836;  Univ.  Vt.  1856,  A.S. 

60,  lie.  Suffolk  Smith  A^nc.  Mass.  Mar.  6,  60;  ord.  by  Cong.  Council, 


THE   MINISTRY.  4^7 

Feb.  18,  63;  (Colchester,  Vt,  60-4,  Castleton,  Vt.,  64-72,  both  Cong.)  ; 
Greenpoint,  1873—    D.D.  by  R.C.  1898. 

Publications:     "Centennial  Add.  of  Cong.  Ch.,  Castleton,  Vt."    "Hist. 
Sermon  at  Greenpoint,  N.  Y." 
Franzen,  L.  Herbert,  Norfolk  St.,  N.  Y.  C,  1894-5. 
Frazee,  J.  Hatfield,  R.C.  (1848),  N.B.S.  (i860),  Miss,  to  Zion,  Pisgah,  and 

Good  Hope,  Miss.  60-1,  (Toms  River,  N.  J.,  Presbyt.  61-6,  also  Chap. 

3d  N.  J.  Cavalry,  one  year),  Bloomingburgh  and  S.S.   Mamakating, 

66-9,   (Presbyterian). 
Frazer,  Alexander  Dyce  Davidson,  b.  Aberdeen,  Scotland,  Ap.  26,  i860; 

U.S.   94,    ord.    CI.    Westchester;    S.S.    Belmont,    94-5,    Amoy,    China, 

1895 

Frazer,  Thomas,  b.  in  Scotland,  1791,  and  ordained  there,  S.S.  at  Helder- 

bergh,  1834-5,  pastor  35-38,  Sharon,  38-40,  Currytown  and  Mapletown, 

40-43.  Died  in  Montreal,  1884. 
He  was  a  forcible  preacher,  careful  in  analysis,  with  a  pungent  style  that 
attracted  attention  and  carried  conviction  to  the  minds  of  his  hearers.  He 
was  excellent  as  a  sermonizer.  His  Scottish  origin  was  evident  in  the 
plainness  of  his  speech.  His  consolations  at  the  sick  bed  were  remarkable, 
as  well  as  his  affectionate  counsels  to  the  young. 

Freeh,  Henry,  Jamaica.  2d  (Ger.),  1881-5,  Point  Rock,  West  Leyden,  86- 

1887. 

Freeman,  Bernardus,  b.  in  Westphalia,  16. .  ;  lie.  and  ord.  by  CI.  Lingen, 

in  Westphalia,  for  service  at  Albany;  c.  to  America,  1700;  rejected  by 

the  church  of  Albany;  Schenectady,  and  Miss,  to  the  Mohawks,  1700-5, 

New  Utrecht,  Bushwick,  Flatbush,  and  Brooklyn  (under  license  from 

Lord  Cornbury,  Dec.  26,  1705),  1705-41;  emeritus;  d.  1743. 

He  was  a  Westphalian  tailor.     In  1699,  when  New  York  wanted  another 

minister  among  several  candidates,  Freeman  also  appeared,  but  the  Classis 

did  not  think  his  education  was  sufficient  for  so  responsible  a  field.     His 

natural  talents,  however,  were  remarkable.     About  the  same  time  with  the 

return  of  Dellius  to  Europe,  the  church  of  Albany  wrote  to  the  Classis 

either  to  send  him  back,  or  to  find  another  in  his  place.     Albany  also  wrote 

to  Van  Schaick  and  Banckert  to  try  and  secure  them  a  pastor.     The  Classis 

soon  found  a  man  in  Lydius  for  the  church  of  Albany,  but  Banckert  acted 

independently,    and    secured    ordination,    through    personal    influence,    for 

Freeman,  from  a  Classis  outside  the  Netherlands,  as  above  indicated,  and 

shipped  him  to  America  without  the  knowledge  of  Dellius  or  the  Classis  of 

Amsterdam,  and  before  they  had  got  Lydius  ready  for  his  departure  for 

Albany.     The    Classis    soon   learned  these   facts,    and    sent   letters   to   the 

churches  in  America  warning  them  against  Freeman.     But  it  so  happened 

that  Lydius,  though  starting  later,  arrived  at  Albany  first.     Freeman  was 

also  intending  to  get  letters  from  England  to  Lord  Bellomont  to  favor  his 

cause.     But  Bellomont  endorsed  the  action  of  the  Consistory,  who  adhered 

to  Lydius. 

Schenectady  then  called  Freeman,  and  for  a  while  he  and  that  church 


408  THE    MINISTRY. 

were  virtually  independent  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  Many  letters  were 
written,  and  the  Classis  offered  to  ratify  Freeman's  call  and  office,  as  the 
churches  sadly  needed  pastors,  if  he  would  place  himself  under  their  care. 
On  Oct.  27.  1701,  the  Consistory  of  Schenectady  petitioned  for  the  privilege 
of  collecting  money  in  Albany  and  elsewhere  to  build  a  church.  In  the 
meantime  Freeman  was  very  useful  among  the  Indians.  On  Aug.  21,  1700, 
he  was  appointed  minister  to  the  Five  Nations,  near  Albany,  by  Governor 
Bellomont,  at  a  salary  of  £60.  During  the  first  year  he  received  of  this 
only  £40.  In  1701  this  salary  was  raised  to  £75.  In  1703  it  is  reported  to 
have  been  paid  irregularly.  He  acquired  more  skill  in  the  language  of  the 
Mohawk  Indians  than  any  Dutch  minister  that  had  been  in  the  country,  not 
even  excepting  Dellius.  He  translated  a  great  part  of  the  English  Liturgy 
into  the  Indian  tongue,  in  particular  the  morning  and  evening  prayer,  the 
litany,  the  creed  of  Athanasius,  besides  several  places  of  the  Old  and  New 
Testaments.  He  represented  that  the  litary  mightily  affected  them,  says 
Rev.  Thos.  Barclay,  of  the  English  Church.  He  adds :  "He  is  a  gentleman 
of  a  good  temper,  and  well  affected  to  our  church :  and,  if  there  were  a 
bishop  in  this  part  of  the  world,  would  be  persuaded  to  take  Episcopal 
ordination.  I  often  entreat  him  to  go  over  to  England;  but  he  is  afraid  of 
the  danger  of  the  voyage,  and  his  wife  will  not  consent  to  live  among  the 
Indians.  He  has  promised  to  give  me  his  manuscripts,  and  what  he  has 
done  into  the  Indian  tongue." 

In  1705  he  allowed  himself  to  be  used  as  a  tool,  and  accepted  of  a  civil 
license  from  Governor  Cornbury  (Dec.  26,  1705)  to  officiate  in  the  churches 
on  Long  Island,  after  he  had  already  declined  a  call  from  them.  This 
usurpation  of  the  Governor  in  ecclesiastical  matters  was  part  of  their  set- 
tled policy  to  gain  control  over  the  Dutch  churches,  and  ultimately  to 
establish  Episcopacy,  if  possible.  In  the  meantime  a  party  in  the  churches 
on  Long  Island  had  called,  through  the  Classis,  Antonides.  This  was  the 
beginning  of  troubles  on  Long  Island  which  lasted  for  very  many  years. 
The  Classis  greatly  feared  that  it  would  be  the  occasion  of  the  complete 
loss  of  ecclesiastical  independency  by  the  Dutch  churches.  The  Classis  fre- 
quently refers  in  this  correspondence  to  an  American  Classis.  but  says  it 
must  be  yet  far  in  the  future. 

Antonides  was  obliged  to  get  out  a  civil  license  in  self-defense. 

Domine  Du  Bois,  of  New  York,  consented  to  install  Freeman  over  the 
church  of  New  Utrecht  alone,  but  Freeman  had  a  private  understanding 
with  factions  in  the  other  churches.  At  length  both  pastors  were  accepted 
by  both  parties  after  a  fashion,  and  matters  became  somewhat  more 
Christian. 

See  "Doc.  Hist.,"  iii,  89-115,  425,  541,  698,  iv,  413;  "Col.  Hist.,"  iv,  727, 
833,  835,  1163;  "Prince's  L.  I.,"  326-7;  "Anderson's  Annals  of  Col.  Ch.," 
iii,  416,  425 ;  "Sutphen's  Disc,"  15 ;  "Amst.  Cor.,"  many  letters. 

Publications  :  "The  English  Liturgy"  (in  part)  translated  into  the 
tongue  of  the  Mohawk  Indians,  with  selections  from  Scripture,  1705.  (See 
"Doc.  Hist.  N.  Y.,"  iii,  541,  598;  "Anderson's  Annals  of  Col.  Ch.")  Ten 
years  later  we   find   the   following  publication,  viz. :    "The   Morning  and 


THE   MINISTRY,  469 

Evening  Prayer,  the  Litany,  Church  Catechism,  Family  Prayers,  and  sev- 
eral Chapters  of  the  Old  and  New  Testament,  translated  into  the  Mahague 
(Mohawk)  Language  by  Lawrence  Claesse,  interpreter  to  Wm.  Andrews, 
Missionary  to  the  Indians  from  the  Hon.  and  Rev.  Society  for  the  Propa- 
gation of  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts."  Printed  by  W.  Bradford,  N.  Y., 
1715.  4to.  Titles  (one  in  Mohawk),  2  pp.,  115  pp.,  21  pp.  (Hon.  Henry 
C.  Murphy  owns  a  copy  of  this  rare  work.)  (See  "Midler's  Amsterdam 
Catalogue,"  1872,  No.  368.)  Nevertheless,  we  read  ("Doc.  Hist.  N.  Y.," 
iii,  698)  that  in  1763  and  1766  there  was  an  attempt  made  to  have  a  trans- 
lation of  the  '  Book  of  Common  Prayer"  (prepared  by  Messrs.  Andrews, 
Barclay,  and  Ogilvie,  Episcopal  ministers  in  New  York  and  Albany)  printed 
in  New  York,  by  Weyman,  in  the  Mohawk  language.  But  the  difficulties 
were  insurmountable.  Weyman  died  a  bankrupt  when  he  had  reached  the 
seventy- fourth  page.  The  work  passed  then  (1771)  into  the  hands  of 
Hugh  Gaine,  when  400  or  500  copies,  it  is  said,  were  printed.  In  1839  there 
was  published  in  New  York.  "Ne  Kaghyadonghseva  ne  Isaiah,"  or  Isaiah 
in  Mohawk.  8vo.  Was  any  of  this  work  from  Freeman's  MSS.  ?  (See 
"Dix's  Trinity  Ch.,"  page  241,  and  note.  He  is  hardly  correct.)  (See 
"Miiller's  Catalogue,"  1872,  No.  1008.)  "De  Spizel  der  Self-Kennis"  (or 
"The  Mirror  of  Self- Knowledge").  "Moral  Precepts."  Translated  from 
the  Ancient  Philosophers.  i8mo,  pp.  202;  1720.  "De  Weegschaale  der 
Genade  Gods."  "Wegende  het  genaden  en  verbroken  Werknerbond, 
begrepen  in  de  verklaringe  wer,"  Rom.  4:8  de  12.  "Geloofs  artikelen,  de 
iq  Geboden,  bet  gebed  des  Heeren,  en  dertig  Predicatien."  "Bedienaar 
des  Godlyken  Woords  tot  Midwoud,  in  Nieuw  Jork,  eertyds  Nieuw  Neder- 
land  t'Amsterdam,"  1721.  Small  410,  pp.  578.  With  Portrait.  (Or,  "The 
Balances  of  God's  Grace."  Thirty  Sermons.)  "Verdegiging,"  (or  "His 
Defense  Against  the  Church  of  Raritan").  i8mo,  pp.  126;  1726.  This 
was  reviewed  by  Classis,  Dec.  1,  1726.  In  reference  to  his  Mohawk  "Com- 
mon Prayer,"  the  "Christian  Intelligencer"  has  the  following,  July  13,  1881 : 
"The  'Common  Prayer,'  translated  into  the  Mohawk  language  for  the  use 
of  the  Indians  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York,  and  printed  at  New  York  in 
1715,  is  one  of  the  rarest  books  in  the  class  of  American  linguistics.  When 
the  third  edition  was  published  in  1787  it  was  stated  that  very  few  copies 
had  survived  the  War  of  Independence,  in  which  the  Mohawk  tribes,  having 
joined  the  Royal  cause  against  that  of  the  States,  suffered  severely,  and 
were  expatriated  to  Canada.  It  was,  therefore,  an  event  of  some  biblio- 
graphical importance  when  a  copy  turned  up  in  a  sale  at  Puttick  &  Simp- 
son's auction  rooms  last  week  in  this  city.  Mr.  Quaritch  was  the  pur- 
chaser." 

Freer,  Harris  A.,  N.B.S.  1898;  1.  CI.  Kingston;  Buskirks,  1898 

Freese,  A.  P.     Germantown,  N.  Y.,  1849-50,  Blue  Mountain,  72-4  (1876  to 

Presbyt.  of  Columbia). 
Frelinghuysen,  Ferdinandus  (s.  of  T.  J.  Frelinghuysen)  ;  Univer.  Utrecht, 
1752,  lie.  CI.  Utrecht,  June  7,  1752;  ord.  by  CI.  Amsterdam,  July  3, 
1752;  called  to  Kinderhook,  but  died  on  passage  over,  1753,  of  small- 
pox, as  did  also  Jacobus,  his  brother.    "Amst.  Cor." 


47°  THE    MINISTRY. 

Frelinghuysen,  Henrietta  (s.  of  J.  T.  Frelinghuysen)  ;  studied  under  Dor- 
sius  and  Goetschius;  lie.  by  the  American  Classis,  1754;  Wawarsing, 
Rochester,  and  Marbletown,  supplied,  1754-7,  pastor,  1757,  d. 

He  was  called  to  take  the  place  of  his  brother,  who  had  died  at  sea.  The 
congregation  of  Marbletown  and  connected  places  had  made  several  in- 
effectual attempts  to  secure  a  pastor,  having  called  Schuyler  in  1738,  and 
Fryenmoet  in  1740.  In  1751  they  called  Jacobus  Frelinghuysen,  and  went 
to  the  expense  of  sending  him  to  Holland  for  ordination.  He  embarked 
with  his  brother  Ferdinand,  May  22,  1751,  and  remained  in  the  University 
of  Utrecht  till  1753.  In  July  of  that  year  they  set  sail  for  America,  but 
died  on  ship.  Their  brother,  Theodore,  of  Albany,  communicated  this  fact 
to  the  churches  to  which  they  had  been  called,  in  October  of  the  same  year. 
In  December  they  called  Henricus,  another  brother,  who  had  studied  in 
this  country.  But  the  difficulty  of  procuring  ordination  again  presented 
itself.  The  congregations  were  unwilling  to  subject  themselves  a  second 
time  to  the  expense,  delay,  and  danger  of  sending  him  to  Holland.  In  a 
protracted  correspondence  with  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  they  requested 
that  he  might  be  ordained  here.  In  1755  he  did  obtain  license  to  preach ; 
but  not  till  three  years  after  could  he  obtain  ordination.  But  he  died  only 
two  weeks  after,  of  smallpox. 

Frelinghuysen,  Jacobus  (Eng.  James),  C.N.J.  1750  (s.  of  T.  J.  Freling- 
huysen), studied  under  Goetschius,  University  Utrecht,  1752;  lie.  by  CI. 
of  Utrecht,  in  Holland.  June  7.  1752,  ord.  CI.  Amsterdam,  July  3,  1752; 
sailed  for  America,  Ap.  1753 ;  called  to  Wawarsing,  Rochester,  and 
Marbletown,  but  died  on  the  passage  over,  1753. 

Frelinghuysen,  John,  b.  1727,  at  Three-Mile  Run  (s.  of  T.  J.  Frelinghuy- 
sen) ;  1.  CI.  Amsterdam,  1749;  Raritan,  Sourland,  Six-Mile  Run,  Ne- 
Shanic,  and  North  Branch,  1750-4,  d. 

He  entered  on  his  duties,  as  the  successor  of  his  father,  with  high  pros- 
pects before  him.  He  was  distinguished  for  his  pulpit  eloquence.  He 
found  .the  troublesome  Arondeus  on  his  field,  ministering  to  those  disaf- 
fected to  the  evangelical  views  of  his  father.  He  was  joyfully  received  by 
the  people,  and  educated  several  young  men  for  the  ministry.  But  while  on 
his  way  to  Ccetus,  in  September.  1754,  he  was  suddenly  taken  sick,  and 
died  on  Long  Island.  His  congregations  were  disconsolate  over  his  loss. 
He  left  one  son,  Frederick,  the  father  of  the  late  Hon.  Theodore  Freling- 
huysen. He  married,  in  Amsterdam,  a  lady  by  the  name  of  Van  Berg,  the 
daughter  of  a  merchant  there.  She  was  a  woman  of  remarkable  character. 
She  subsequently  married  Rev.  J.  R.  Hardenbergh.     (Hardenbergii,  J.  R.). 

Frelinghuysen,  Thcodorus   (s.  of  T.  J.  Frelinghuysen)  ;  baptized  May  26. 

1723,  studied  under  J.  H.  Goetschius;  lie.  and  oro.  by  CI.  Amsterdam, 

1745;  Albany,   1745-59,  also  supplied  Schaghticoke.     Died  about  1761. 

He  was  sent  to  Holland  for  licensure  and  ordination,  but  was  six  months 

on  the  sea  in  returning,  having  fallen  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy.     It  was 

this  partly,  as  well  as  the  death  by  smallpox  of  his  two  brothers  at  sea  on 

their  return,  which  made    Theodore  Frelinghuysen  so  warm  an  advocate  of 


THE    MINISTRY.  471 

American  ecclesiastical  independence.  But  he  was  long  hampered  by  his 
church  at  Albany,  which  opposed  him  in  this  matter.  Hence  he  never 
attended  the  meetings  of  the  Cretus,  until  Ritzema  and  others  attempted  to 
secure  a  Dutch  Professorship  of  Divinity  in  Kings  College.  Then  he  broke 
through  all  restraint,  and  traversed  the  length  and  breadth  of  the  Church 
in  the  midst  of  winter  (January,  1755),  and  procured  signers  in  favor  of  an 
American  Classis,  and  a  University  for  the  Dutch  alone,  in  opposition  to  the 
Episcopal  College.  He  then  returned  home  and  awaited  the  opening  of  the 
spring.  In  April,  1755,  a  committee,  which  had  been  appointed  for  the  pur- 
pose, was  to  meet  in  New  York,  and  examine  the  answers  of  the  churches 
concerning  an  American  Classis.  But  in  the  meantime  most  of  the  members 
of  this  committee  had  become  involved  in  the  matter  of  a  Dutch  professor- 
ship in  Kings  College,  and  they,  therefore,  did  nothing  in  the  matter  of 
canvassing  the  opinions  of  the  churches. 

Frelinghuysen,  therefore,  took  upon  himself  the  responsibility  of  calling 
a  meeting  of  Ccetus  for  May  30,  1755.  The  friends  of  ecclesiastical  inde- 
pendence came  together,  organized  an  American  Classis,  licensed  Henry 
Frelinghuysen,  censured  certain  ministers,  and  formally  appointed  Theodore 
Frelinghuysen  to  go  to  Holland  and  collect  funds  for  a  university,  even  as 
Schlatter  had  collected  £32,000  in  Holland  and  England  for  educational  pur- 
poses among  the  Germans  in  Pennsylvania.  He  did  not  at  once  start,  but 
waited  more  than  four  years.  In  the  meantime  successive  meetings  of  the 
American  Classis  were  held,  and  Hardenberg,  Van  Nist,  Barcolo,  and  J.  M. 
Goetschius  were  inducted  into  the  ministry.  Ritzema  and  his  friends  were 
deceived  by  the  English  about  the  professorship  for  the  Dutch  in  Kings 
College,  and  the  charter  was  passed  without  such  a  provision;  but  a  few 
months  later,  alarmed  at  the  possibility  of  a  separate  Dutch  institution,  an 
amendment  was  made  to  the  charter,  upon  Ritzema's  personal  application, 
granting  such  a  professorship.  But  the  original  Dutch  friends  of  the  meas- 
ure were  now  angry  at  the  English  duplicity,  and  the  church  of  New  York 
censured  Ritzema  for  securing  the  amendment.  Ritzema  and  his  friends 
never  attended  the  meetings  of  the  American  Classis,  but  for  the  next  eight 
years  sent  letters  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  denouncing  the  operations  of 
the  American  Classis.  Thus  openly  began  the  Coetus  and  Conferentie  diffi- 
culty, which  lasted  sixteen  years. 

If  Frelinghuysen  had  gone  to  Holland  at  once  he  might  have  succeeded. 
He  had  tried  repeatedly  to  hold  correspondence  with  the  church  of  New 
York  before  he  went  ( 1755-9),  but  they  would  not  respond.  He  had,  how- 
ever, a  powerful  assistant  in  the  city,  in  opposition  not  only  to  the  Dutch 
professorship,  but  to  a  sectarian  college  supported  by  general  taxation,  in 
William  Livingston,  the  eminent  jurist  and  statesman,  who  published  many 
eloquent  articles  in  his  paper,  "The  Independent  Reflector,"  and  in  the 
"New  York  Mercury,"  fifty-two  articles  styled  "The  Watch-Tower."  In 
these  he  showed  that  an  Episcopal  establishment  was  lurking  under  all 
these  schemes. 

Frelinghuysen  preached  also  in  English  to  the  soldiers  who  were  sent  to 
Albany  for  the  protection  of  the  frontier.     In  the  spring  of  1759  he  took 


472  THE    MINISTRY. 

strong  ground,  though  with  little  success,  against  the  spirit  of  gayety  and 
fashion  which  a  regiment  of  royal  troops  had  introduced  in  that  city.  On 
one  occasion,  having  preached  an  unusually  earnest  sermon  against  worldly 
follies,  he  found  on  Monday  morning  at  his  door  a  pair  of  shoes,  a  staff,  a 
silver  coin,  and  a  loaf  of  bread.  Being  a  man  of  peculiar  sensitiveness,  he 
conceived  this  to  be  an  intimation  to  him  to  leave.  This  he  determined  to 
do,  and  also  now  to  carry  out  his  mission  concerning  the  university.  He 
sailed  from  New  York,  October  10,  1759,  and  reached  Amsterdam  safely. 
In  December  he  again  wrote  to  the  church  of  New  York,  requesting  that 
they  would  send  a  reply  which  might  reach  him  by  August  1,  1760.  The 
letter,  however,  seems  to  have  arrived  too  late  for  them  to  answer  as  re- 
quested, as  appears  from  the  minutes  of  that  Consistory,  July  14,  1760.  He 
was  not  successful  in  collecting  funds.  The  division  already  existing  in  the 
church  necessarily  made  his  efforts  a  failure.  The  plans  now  begun  reached 
their  consummation  in  1770,  when  Queen's  (now  Rutgers)  College  was 
chartered. 

Mr.  Frelinghuysen's  temper  was  ardent,  and  his  manners  frank  and  pop- 
ular. In  the  pulpit  his  preaching  was  earnest  and  eloquent,  while  his  pure 
life  when  out  of  it  illustrated  and  enforced  his  teachings.  His  memory  was 
long  precious  in  Albany,  meriting  the  tribute  of  "the  apostolic  and  much- 
beloved  Frelinghuysen." 

Mr.  Frelinghuysen  had  married  a  daughter  of  Sylvester  Symes,  of  a 
wealthy  family  in  Albany.  By  her  he  received  a  large  property  on  Staten 
Island  and  elsewhere  in  New  York.  He  is  said  to  have  made  his  will  on 
shipboard,  while  the  vessel  was  lying  in  the  Narrows,  just  before  sailing. 
This  was  attested  by  a  Mr.  Bleecker  and  others.  He  gave  his  property  to 
his  brothers,  sisters,  wife  and  child,  and  left  the  will  with  the  lawyer  who 
drew  it.  He  also  corresponded  with  the  lawyer  while  abroad.  A  year  or 
two  later  he  returned  to  America,  and  was  accidentally  drowned  while  the 
vessel  was  lying  off  Sandy  Hook. 

See  "Amst.  Cor.,"  many  letters.  "Minutes  of  Church  of  New  York." 
"Munsell's  Annals  of  Albany,"  i,  113-118.  "Dr.  Rogers'  Hist.  Disc,  Al- 
bany," 1857.  "Introd.  to  Rev.  T.  J.  Frelinghuysen's  Sermons,  N.  Y.,"  1856. 
"Centennial  Discs.,"  71-84.  Also  art.  "Schlatter,  and  Theological  Sem." 
"Sedgewick's  Life  of  Hon.  Wm.  Livingston."  See  also  "Circular  of  Ch.  of 
Albany,"  1892.     "Johnson's  Sketches  of  Ch.  Albany,"  17. 

Publications:  "A  Catechism,"  1748.  Second  edition,  1752?  (See 
"Minutes  of  Ccetus,  XLIII,  Frelinghuysen's  Sermons,"  p.  11.  On  account 
of  the  scarcity  of  appropriate  books  in  America,  this  catechism  was  com- 
posed, the  fundamental  truth  assumed  in  which  is  "that  I  am,  and  am  a 
rational  being."  It  is  pervaded  by  a  peculiar  force  of  demonstration,  but 
is  not  thought  to  be  sufficiently  explicit  on  original  sin.)  Funeral  Sermon  of 
his  brother  Henricus.  1757-  (See  "Ccetus,  XCIX,  CII,  Frelinghuysen's 
Sermons,"  p.  10.) 

Frelinghuysen,  Theodorus  Jacobus,  b.    1691,  in  Wolfenbuettel,  East  Fries- 
land;  lie.  1717  (Embden,  Holland,  1717-19)  ;  Raritan,  New  Brunswick. 


THE  MINISTRY.  473 

Six-Mile    Run,    Three-Mile    Run,    North    Branch,    1720-47,    d.     Also 
Sour  land,  1729-47,  and  N.  and  S.  Hampton,  Pa.,  occasionally. 

He  was  the  first  minister  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  Central  New  Jersey. 
Divine  Providence  committed  to  this  remarkable  man  the  important  work 
of  sowing  the  seed  of  truth  and  righteousness  in  a  soil  which  has  yielded, 
under  subsequent  cultivation,  the  most  abundant  harvest.  Such  was  the 
influence  that  he  exerted  throughout  the  whole  denomination,  as  well  as  in 
the  field  of  his  special  labors,  that  the  church  is  called  to  cherish  his  mem- 
ory with  warmest  gratitude. 

Very  little  information  in  reference  to  this  pioneer  of  the  Gospel  ministry 
in  this  section  of  the  church  has  been  transmitted  to  us.  His  parents  were 
of  considerable  reputation  in  their  own  country;  and,  among  his  relatives, 
an  uncle,  Henricus,  is  known  to  have  been  an  able  and  successful  minister. 
Of  his  early  life,  and  the  circumstances  of  his  conversion,  nothing  is  known. 
His  theological  education  was  thorough,  having  enjoyed  the  advantages  of 
a  full  course  of  study,  at  a  time  when  the  science  of  theology  and  true  piety 
in  Holland  were  in  a  highly  prosperous  condition.  That  he  was  a  man  of 
considerable  literary  culture  is  evident  from  his  call  to  assume  the  rector- 
ship of  an  academy  in  the  town  of  Embden,  as  well  as  from  the  proofs  fur- 
nished in  his  published  discourses.  He  entered  the  ministry  at  the  age  of 
twenty-six,  and  for  about  two  years  was  the  pastor  of  a  church  in  his 
native  country.  The  circumstance  of  his  selection  for  the  important  mis- 
sion to  this  country  was  always  regarded  by  him  as  a  special  call  from  God. 
A  pious  elder  entertained  a  young  traveler  on  his  way  through  the  town  to 
Embden.  During  the  evening  he  was  so  well  pleased  with  the  spirituality 
of  his  conversation,  and  his  eminent  gifts,  especially  in  prayer  during  family 
worship,  that  he  immediately  informed  his  pastor,  who  had  interested  him- 
self in  procuring  an  evangelical  missionary  for  the  new  settlements  on  the 
Raritan,  "I  have  found  a  man  to  go  to  America."  Accordingly,  after  care- 
ful deliberation,  the  call  was  accepted,  and  he  emigrated  to  this  country. 

The  field  of  his  pastoral  charge  was  very  extensive,  embracing  all  the 
churches  of  our  denomination  in  Somerset  and  Middlesex  counties.  When 
he  entered  upon  his  labors,  he  found  the  morals  of  the  people  in  a  most 
deplorable  state.  They  had  been  entirely  destitute  of  the  stated  ministry 
of  the  Gospel  since  the  first  settlement  of  the  country ;  and  although 
church  organizations  existed,  and  homes  of  worship  had  been  erected,  yet 
as  the  natural  result  of  the  absence  of  pastoral  supervision,  there  was  a 
great  departure  from  serious  and  vital  piety.  The  physical  appearance  of 
the  country  very  much  resembled  the  morals  of  the  people.  It  was  wild 
and  uncultivated.  Dense  forests  covered  the  land ;  the  streams  were  un- 
bridged ;  the  settlements  were  widely  scattered ;  the  roads  were  little  more 
than  paths  through  the  wilderness ;  and  it  had  all  the  appearance  of  a  new 
country. 

But  he  was  a  man  equal  to  the  times,  and  with  great  facility  adapted  him- 
self to  the  circumstances  in  which  he  was  placed.  He  had  great  energy  of 
character,  was  remarkable  for  his  fearlessness  and  independence  of  spirit, 
and  would  "sooner  die  a  thousand  deaths,"  as  he  expressed  it,  "than  not 


474  THE    MINISTRY. 

preach  the  truth."  From  the  sermons  which  have  been  preserved,  we 
gather  that  he  was  a  warm,  earnest  minister,  dwelling  principally  upon  the 
doctrine  of  the  new  birth,  and  having  a  dreadful  antipathy  to  all  manner  of 
formalism.  Indeed,  hi?  preaching  was  so  direct  and  personal,  and  at  the 
same  time  of  such  an  evangelical  character,  that  the  people  almost  immedi- 
ately raised  against  him  a  violent  opposition.  He  was  charged  with  preach- 
ing doctrines  contrary  to  the  standards  of  the  church,  and  introducing 
customs  which  were  subversive  of  her  system  of  government.  This  con- 
troversy was  opened  almost  at  the  commencement  of  his  ministry,  and  it 
was  carried  on  for  several  years  with  a  spirit  of  bitter  persecution.  Indeed, 
in  some  portions  of  the  field,  it  seems  to  have  disturbed  the  peace  of  the 
church  during  his  whole  life. 

Mr.  Frelinghuysen  met  all  this  opposition  in  the  spirit  of  a  true  Gospel 
minister.  That  he  was  always  discreet  in  his  management  of  the  opposi- 
tion, and  was  never  provoked  to  rashness,  is  not  maintained  by  his  warmest 
admirers.  But  his  brethren  in  the  ministry  vindicated  him  against  all  the 
aspersions  of  his  enemies;  legal  decisions  were  obtained  in  his  favor,  and 
he  himself  was  especially  thankful  that  God  "had  raised  up  pious  brethren 
in  Holland  and  East  Friesland  to  sustain  him  by  their  godly  and  edifying 
epistles." 

His  ministry  was  eminently  successful,  as  it  was  also  exceedingly  labori- 
ous. His  residence  was  near  the  city  of  New  Brunswick,  then  a  small 
hamlet,  from  whence  he  would  go  forth  on  preaching  and  catechizing  tours, 
laboring  with  great  diligence  in  the  work  of  his  Master.  Throughout  this 
extensive  field  he  enjoyed,  as  the  fruit  of  his  ministry,  several  extensive  re- 
vivals of  religion,  which  were  distinctly  marked  with  the  power  of  God's 
grace,  and  stamp  upon  his  ministry  the  character  of  eminent  usefulness. 
He  is  frequently  found  in  distant  congregations,  assisting  their  pastors  in 
extraordinary  labors,  and  he  is  uniformly  represented  to  have  been  sound 
in  his  doctrinal  views,  searching  in  his  reproofs,  fervent  in  his  appeals,  and 
particularly  distinguished  for  his  success  in  winning  souls  to  Christ.  He 
was  for  several  years  a  co-laborer  with  Rev.  Gilbert  Tennent,  in  New 
Brunswick,  who  speaks  of  him  in  terms  of  high  commendation.  He  en- 
joyed the  friendship  of  Rev.  George  Whitefield,  who  speaks,  in  his  journal, 
of  the  pleasure  he  experienced  in  the  society  of  this  godly  man.  And  Rev. 
Jonathan  Edwards,  whose  experience  in  New  England  was  very  similar  to 
his  own,  commends  him  for  his  discriminating  manner  in  setting  forth  di- 
vine truth. 

In  order  to  meet  the  growing  wants  of  his  extensive  charge,  Mr.  Freling- 
huysen resorted  to  the  expedient  of  appointing  '"helpers,"  after  the  manner 
of  the  apostles.  Men  who  were  gifted  in  exhortation  and  prayer,  and  who 
had  commended  themselves,  by  their  godly  lives,  to  the  people,  were  se- 
lected, under  the  sanction  of  the  Consistory,  to  hold  neighborhood  services, 
to  visit  the  sick,  to  direct  the  inquiring,  and  to  be  generally  useful  in  the 
congregation.  The  tradition  is  that  these  men  became  extensively  useful, 
and  while  the  measure  was  a  novelty  in  the  Dutch  Church,  yet  it  tended 
greatly  to  the  prosperity  of  the  church.  These  extraordinary  officers  held 
their  positions  during  life ;  and  one  of  the  number.   Hendrick  Fisher,  an 


THE    MINISTRY.  475 

elder  in  the  church  of  New  Brunswick,  subsequently  a  distinguished  Revo- 
lutionary patriot,  became  a  lay  preacher  and  catechist,  and  some  of  his  pub- 
lished discourses  are  still  in  existence. 

Mr.  Frelinghuysen  was  accustomed  to  receive  into  his  family  young  men 
of  piety,  and  train  them  up  for  the  Gospel  ministry.  How  many  availed 
themselves  of  this  advantage  is  not  known ;  but  among  the  number  we  find 
the  names  of  Rev.  Samuel  Verbryck,  Rev.  John  H.  Goetschius,  and  Rev. 
Thomas  Romeyn.  He  was  an  early  advocate  for  the  establishment  of  an 
ecclesiastical  judicatory  in  this  country,  with  more  enlarged  powers  than 
had  hitherto  been  granted  by  the  church  in  Holland.  As  a  member  of  the 
first  convention  held  in  New  York,  he  was  an  efficient  supporter  of  that  new 
plan  which  was  there  originated,  and  which  resulted  in  the  independence  of 
our  church  in  America.  It  is  said  that  such  was  his  zeal  and  foresight,  that 
the  plan  of  a  college  and  seminary  was  first  suggested  by  him,  to  provide  a 
well-educated  ministry. 

Concerning  the  events  that  transpired  during  the  latter  part  of  Mr.  Fre- 
linghuysen's  life,  few  records  have  been  preserved.  It  is  known  that  he 
was  frequently  prostrated  by  sickness,  the  effect,  no  doubt,  of  excessive 
labor;  and  that  he  enjoyed  a  large  ingathering  into  the  church — a  most 
cheering  evidence  of  divine  favor,  and  a  great  encouragement  to  that  noble 
minister,  who  had  now  triumphed  over  all  opposition,  and  whose  work  was 
thus  crowned  with  God's  approbation. 

The  date  of  his  death  is  not  known,  although  there  is  reason  to  believe 
that  the  event  occurred  about  the  commencement  of  the  year  1748,  when 
he  had  not  yet  reached  his  fifty-seventh  year.  Nor  is  the  place  of  his 
burial  definitely  ascertained.  The  tradition  is  that  his  body  rests  in  the  old 
yard  of  the  Six-Mile  Run  Church.  The  aged  remember  that  their  parents 
pointed  to  the  spot  as  the  resting-place  of  a  "great  man."  Is  it  not  a  strik- 
ing fact  that  the  distinguished  minister  who  first  broke  ground  for  the 
Gospel  in  central  New  Jersey  lies  in  an  unknown  grave?  But  if  no  monu- 
ment marks  his  grave,  his  memory  is  preserved  among  the  greatest  lights 
of  our  Zion.  The  character  of  his  mind  is  sufficiently  indicated  by  his  pub- 
lished discourses;  his  success,  by  the  ingatherings  which  he  enjoyed,  the 
foundations  which  he  laid,  and  the  seed  which  he  planted :  and  his  piety,  by 
the  savor  which  yet  breathes  from  his  memory.  When  such  eminent  men 
as  Gilbert  Tennent,  George  Whitefield,  and  President  Edwards  speak  of 
him  as  one  of  the  great  divines  of  the  American  Church,  we  freely  accord 
to  him  the  distinguished  position  which  he  occupies. — Rev.  R.  H.  Steele. 

The  "Klagte,"  or  Complaint  against  him,  has  recently  been  translated  by 
Rev.  M.  G.  Hansen,  and  is  in  the  archives  of  Synod.  See  extract  from 
letter  of  the  Complainants,  under  date  of  Nov.  2,  1725.  In  letter  of  June, 
1726  ("Amst.  Cor."),  there  is  a  very  full  resume  of  it.    The  full  title  is: 

"Klagte   van   eenige   Leeden    der   I       Or,  "Complaint  of  certain  members 


Neder  duytse  Hervormde  Kerk, 
woonende  op  Raratans,  etc.,  in  de 
Provincie  van  Nieu-Jersey,inNoord 
America,  onder  de  Kroon  van  Groot 


of  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church, 
dwelling  on  the  Raritan,  &c,  in  the 
Province  of  New  Jersey,  in  North 
America,  under  the  Crown  of  Great 


476  THE   MINISTRY. 


Brittanje  over  het  Gedrag,  Aldaar 
en  Elders  van  Do.  Theodorus  Ja- 
cobus Frilinghuisen  met  syn  Kerken- 
Raaden.  Ten  Antwoord  op  hunne 
Ban-Dreygende  Daag-Brieven,  &c, 
aan  alle  Liefliebbers  der  Waarheyd, 
ter  ondersoek,  voor  gesteld,  hoe  die 
Gegrond  zyn,  of  Niet.  Met  een 
Noodige  Voor-Reeden  tot  ophelder- 


Britain.  concerning  the  conduct, 
there  and  elsewhere,  of  Domine 
Theodorus  Jacobus  Frelinghuysen, 
together  with  his  Consistory.  A 
reply  to  their  letters  of  citation, 
threatening  excommunication,  sub- 
mitted to  all  Lovers  of  Truth,  to 
judge  whether  there  was  any  Cause 
for  them.     Together  with  a   neces- 


ing  van  de  Klagte.  Uytgegeven  door   j    sary  Preface  in  Explanation  of  the 
de     Gevalmagtigden     der     gemelde       Complaint.    Published  by  a  commit-' 


Leeden.  Te  Nieu-York  gedrukt  by 
William  Bradford  en  J.  Peter 
Zenger,"  1725;  i2mo,  pp.  146. 


tee,  authorized  by  said  members. 
Printed  in  New  York  by  Wm.  Brad- 
ford and  J.  Peter  Zenger,"  1725. 


Many  letters  in  "Amst.  Cor."  Sketch  of  his  life  by  Rev.  Wm.  Demarest, 
in  Introd.  to  "Frelinghuysen's  Sermons,"  1856.  "Gunn's  Livingstone,"  ed. 
1856,  p.  359.  "Messler's  Memorial  Sermons  and  Hist.  Notes,"  1873. 
"Steele's  Hist.  Disc,"  1867.  "Corwin's  Millstone  Centennial,"  1866. 
"Tercentenary  Monument,"  528. 

Publications:  Three  Sermons  (in  Dutch).  New  York:  1721.  Two 
Sermons  (in  Dutch).  New  York:  1729.  These  two  lots  of  sermons  were 
translated  into  English  and  published  by  Hendrick  Fisher,  in  1730.  Ten 
Sermons  (in  Dutch).  New  York:  1733.  Second  edition,  published  in 
Holland,  under  approval,  and  with  the  commendation  of  the  Theological 
Faculty  of  the  University  of  Groningen,  who  called  them  "the  noble  fruit 
brought  from  the  New  World  to  their  Doors,"  1736.  Two  Sermons  (in 
Dutch)  as  an  improvement  of  an  earthquake  felt  in  New  Jersey,  Dec.  7, 
l737-  Utrecht:  1738.  Four  Sermons  (in  Dutch).  Philadelphia:  about 
1745.  (These  five  lots  of  sermons  were  translated  into  English  by  Rev. 
Wm.  Demarest,  and  published  by  the  Board  of  Publication  R.D.C.  in  1856, 
i2mo.  pp.  422 ;  with  an  Introduction  by  Dr.  Thomas  De  Witt,  and  a  Bio- 
graphical Sketch  by  Rev.  Wm.  Demarest.)  An  Answer  to  the  "Klagte," 
or  Complaint  against  him  (see  Boel),  is  said  to  have  been  published  by 
him  about  1727  or  1728.  Where  can  a  copy  be  found?  (Boel,  Freeman, 
Van  Santvoord,  Demarest,  Wm.  Messler,  Steele,  R.H.,  and  Freeman's 
Defence.) 

[There  were  also  noted  persons  of  this  name  in  Europe,  probably  of  col- 
lateral branches  of  the  same  family.  Among  the  best-known  pupils  of  the 
celebrated  educator,  Herman  Auguste  Francke,  of  Halle,  were  John  Anas- 
tasius  Frelinghausen  (Francke's  son-in-law),  and  Gottlieb  Anastasius  Fre- 
linghausen.  (See  "Cyc.  Ed.  Art.  Francke.")  The  former,  J.  A.  F.,  was  a 
man  of  practical  piety,  who  stood  up  boldly  against  the  rationalism  of  the 
day,  an  associate  of  Baumgarten.  (See  Art  "Pietism,"  in  "McClintock's" 
and  other  cyclopaedias.)  He  was  also  Prof,  at  Halle,  and  died  1785.  (See 
"Knapp's  Theology,"  pp.  15,  17.)  He  left  a  work  in  MS.  "An  Abstract 
of  the  Whole  Doct.  of  the  Ch.  Religion,  with  Observations."     A  2d  ed. 


THE    MINISTRY.  477 

London,  1805.     He  was  also  minister  of  St.  Ulrich's  Ch.  and  inspector  of 
the  public  school   at  Halle.     He  published  "The   Sacerdotal   Prayer;   or, 
Twenty-Six  Public  Meditations  on  John  17,"  Halle,  1719.]     See  also  ar- 
ticle, Frilinghausen,  John  Anastasius,  in  Julian's  Hist,  of  Hymnology. 
French,  see  Funck  and  Vonck. 
French,  John  W.,  St.  John's,  Hoboken,  1891. 
Freund,  J.  W.,  Ger.  Evang.  Hoboken,  87-88. 
[Frey,    C.    F.    (converted   Israelite),   Miss,   at   Yorkville,    1827,   became   a 

Baptist.     "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  ii,  282,  159. 
Friedel,  Henry  A.     (at  first  an  independent  Lutheran)  ;  3d  Ger.  Ch.  N.Y.C., 

1856-75,  Flatbush,  2d,  1875-87. 
Frieling,  Harke,  b.  Auburn   (near  Chicago),  111.,  Ap.  T2,  1872;  Theolog. 

Sch.  Ch.  Refd.  Ch.  Grand  Rapids,  95  ;  W.S.  08,  lie.  by  CI ;  Three 

Oaks,  Mich.,  98-9,  Grand  Rapids,  8th,  1899 

Fritts,  Chas.  W.,  b.  in  Columbia  Co.,  N.  Y. ;  R.C.  1862.  N.B.S.  65,  1.  CI. 

Hudson;  Blawenburgh,  65-70,  Fishkill-on-Hudson,  70-1899,  w.  c.     D.D. 

by  R.C.  1887. 

Publications  :  "A  Funeral  Sermon  of  Col.  Henry  Duryea,"  1870.  "The 
Centennial  of  the  Republic."  "Fishkill  Standard,"  1876.  "Address  at  Cen- 
tennial of  First  Presbyt.  Ch.,  Newburgh,"  1884.  "Sermon  on  25th  Anni- 
versary of  Pastorate  at  Fishkill-on-Hudson,"  1895.  "Address  at  200th 
Anniv.  of  1st  Refd.  Ch.,  Tarrytown,"  1898.  Articles  in  "N.  Y.  Observer." 
Articles  and  letters  from  the  Orient  in  "Christian  Intelligencer."  Many 
letters  of  travel,  Addresses,  Sermons,  in  "Fishkill  Standard." 

Froeligh,  Moses  (brother  of  Sol.  Froeligh),  b.  at  Saugerties   (?)   May  9. 
1763;  studied  theol.  under  Sol.  Froeligh  and  Livingston,  lie.  by  Synod 
of  D.R.  Chs.,  1787;  Shawangunk  and  Montgomery,   1788-1811,  Mont- 
gomery, 1811-17,  d. 
He  was  a  man  of  prepossessing  appearance,  and  of  a  good  mind.     His 
voice  was  clear,  his  enunciation  distinct,  his  gesture  natural,  and  his  de- 
livery unembarrassed.     He  was   familiar   and   agreeable   with  his    friends. 
but  sometimes  fearfully  sarcastic  to  others.     He  had  an  exuberance  of  wit 
and  anecdote  at  command,  by  which  he  often  and  easily  carried  his  point 
in  argument.     With  advancing  age  he  became  more  reverential,  and  mani- 
fested more  religious  sensibility.     In  all  important  matters  he  was  exceed- 
ingly conscientious,  and  where  duty  was  involved  he  was  absolutely  im- 
movable.    His  wonderful  exuberance  of  spirit,  no  doubt,  somewhat  lessened 
his  usefulness. — "Sprague's  Annals." 

Froeligh,  Peter  D.  (s.  of  Sol.  Froeligh),  b.  1782,  baptized  at  Millstone,  Oct. 

13,  1782;  C.C.  1799,  studied  under  his  father,  lie.  CI.  Paramus ;  1801. 

Pittstown,  Tioshock,  and  Sincock,  1802-7,  New  Paltz  and  New  Hurley. 

1807-16,  Aquackanonck,  16-25,  seceded,  suspended  (Aquackanonck  and 

English  Neighborhood?),  25-1827. 

He  was  an  attractive  preacher,  his  sermons  always  being  interesting,  and 

delivered  with  great  force  and  distinctness.     But  while  sound,  perspicuous, 

and  clear,  they  were  lacking  in  spiritual  point  and  pungency,  and  failed  to 


478  THE    MINISTRY. 

effect  an}-  reformation  in  morals  or  manners.  He  was  a  man  of  medium 
height,  pleasant  countenance,  and  great  suavity  of  manners.  But  becoming 
suspected  in  a  certain  matter  about  a  will,  he  terminated  his  own  life. — 
See  "Stitt's  Hist.  Ch.  New  Paltz." 

Froeligh,  Solomon,  b.  at  Red  Hook,  May  2Q.  1750  (brother  of  Moses  Froe- 
ligh)  ;  studied  under  D.  Romeyn  and  J.  H.  Goetschius,  lie.  by  Gen. 
Meeting  of  Ministers  and  Elders,  1774;  Jamaica,  Newtown,  Oyster  Bay 
and  Success,  1775-6,  supplied  Fishkill  and  Poughkeepsie,  1776-80.  Hills- 
borough and  Ne-Shanic,  1780-6,  Hackensack  (1st)  and  Schraalenburgh 
(1st).  1786-1822;  also  Lector  in  Theology,  1792-7,  Prof,  of  Theology, 
1797-1822,  seceded;  1823,  suspended  (Hackensack  and  Schraalenburgh. 
secession,  1822-7,  d.  Oct.  8).  Elected  a  trustee  of  Q.C.  1783.  D.D. 
by  R.C.  j8ii. 

He  was  early  religiously  impressed,  under  the  ministry  of  Schuneman, 
and  begged  his  father,  who  was  a  farmer,  to  give  him  an  education. 
Through  his  mother's  influence,  he  finally  prevailed.  He  married  Rachel 
Vanderbeck  in  1771.  His  patriotism  in  the  Revolution  was  very  ardent,  and 
when  the  British  entered  Long  Island  he  wa?  compelled  to  flee  from  his 
congregations,  narrowly  escaping.  He  went  to  Hackensack.  and  accom- 
panied Dr.  Livingston  on  horseback,  on  the  west  side  of  the  Hudson,  to  the 
north.  A  brief  autobiography  may  be  found  in  "Demarest's  Lamentation 
over  Froeligh,"  with  remarks  on  men  and  measures.  Settling  at  Hacken- 
sack in  1786,  over  that  portion  of  the  congregations  which  had  been  es- 
pecially of  the  Ccetus,  or  Progressive  party,  he  at  fir-t  sought  to  unite  the 
two  antagonistic  elements  in  that  section.  (Goetschius  Curtenius.) 
Walmoldus  Kupyers,  the  pastor  of  the  other  part,  was  a  mild  and  peace- 
able man,  though  pastor  of  those  who  had  opposed  the  independent  or- 
ganization of  the  American  Reformed  Church.     (Kuypers,  W.) 

The  old  spirit  still  manifested  itself  in  a  refusal  to  attend,  on  the  part  of 
this  people,  the  meetings  of  the  Classis  of  Hackensack  (1771-86),  and  also 
on  account  of  personal  animosities  with  members  of  Mr.  Froeligh's  congre- 
gation. The  two  parties  were  also  divided  by  opposite  sentiments,  in  the 
Revolutionary  struggle,  and  in  the  early  political  controversies  of  the  coun- 
try. It  was  at  such  a  period  that  Mr.  Froeligh  settled  at  Hackensack 
(1786.)  Efforts  were  now  made  by  Synod  to  reconcile  the  conflicting  par- 
ties, and  Mr.  Froeligh's  people  seem  to  have  been  favorable  to  it ;  but  Mr. 
Kuypers'  people  refused,  unless  the  well-known  charter  was  repealed.  The 
old  charter  seems  at  length  to  have  been  done  away  with  by  the  new  law 
for  incorporating  religious  societies  of  1789,  of  which  these  congregations 
availed  themselves,  and  it  was  hoped  that  peace  was  now  established.  From 
1790-5,  they  actually  came  together,  and  built  a  church  in  common,  but  the 
strife  soon  burst  forth  anew. 

Some  of  the  people,  who  had  been  in  the  heat  of  the  old  ecclesiastical 
feuds  (1748-71),  looked  upon  Mr.  Kuypers'  people  as  schismatics,  and  dis- 
approved of  the  union  effected.  They  disliked  the  efforts  of  Mr.  Froeligh 
in  this  direction,  and  labored  with  him  until  he  yielded  to  the  pressure,  and 


THE    MINISTRY.  479 

professed  to  feel  that  the  union  was  undesirable,  if  not  wicked.  He  applied 
Jer.  15:19-21  to  the  circumstances,  considering  his  own  people  as  the  pre- 
cious, and  Mr.  Kuypers'  as  the  vile,  and  thus  preached  upon  it.  About  the 
same  time,  the  union  church  which  had  been  built  was  struck  by  lightning, 
and  the  stone  over  the  entrance  with  the  words  "Union  makes  strength," 
was  broken  in  two.  This  was  looked  upon  as  ominous,  and  all  the  efforts 
of  Synod,  even,  proved  unavailing  to  keep  the  congregations  united. 

Mr.  Kuypers  died  about  this  time  (i795)-  But  whatever  may  have  been 
the  position  of  Mr.  Kuypers'  people  before,  now  the  tables  seemed  to  have 
turned,  and  Mr.  Froeligh  and  his  people  to  have  become  the  aggressors. 
It  must  be  remembered  that  there  were  two  Consistories,  but  only  one  cor- 
poration. Now  Mr.  Froeligh's  people,  hoping  to  control  everything,  after 
Mr.  Kuypers'  death,  attempted  to  prevent  his  Consistory  from  sending  dele- 
gates to  Classis,  and  protesting  against  it  when  done,  and  appeals  from 
classical  decisions  were  carried  up  to  the  Synods.  And  when  Mr.  Kuypers' 
Consistory  attempted  to  call  Rev.  J.  V.  C.  Romeyn,  this  they  also  attempted 
to  defeat,  protesting  against  it,  and  carrying  the  matter  by  appeal  to  the 
Synods.  The  two  Consistories  (making  one  corporation)  voted  on  strictly 
party  lines,  while  Mr.  Froeligh,  as  the  President,  gave  the  casting  vote 
always  in  favor  of  his  own  Consistory.  Synod  sustained  Mr.  Kuypers' 
people  in  all  their  acts,  approving  of  the  call  on  Mr.  Romeyn.  His  Consis- 
tory now  kindly  invited  Mr.  Froeligh  to  officiate  at  his  installation,  but  he 
refused.  The  old  Classis  of  Hackensack  being  divided  in  1800,  Synod 
declared  Mr.  Froeligh's  church  to  belong  to  the  Classis  of  Paramus,  and 
the  other  to  the  Classis  of  Bergen,  hoping  thus  to  prevent  collision.  Yet 
about  this  time,  a  precious  revival  extended  all  over  the  country,  also 
visiting  this  region,  and  Mr.  Froeligh  had  more  than  two  hundred  added  to 
his  church  on  profession  in  a  single  year  (1800). 

The  building  of  new  churches  and  parsonages  by  the  opposing  congrega- 
tions (which  were  one  corporation)  furnished  many  new  causes  of  conflict 
and  of  sin.  Members  irregularly  passing  from  one  to  the  other,  and  Mr. 
Froeligh  baptizing  children  of  disaffected  members  in  Mr.  Romeyn's  con- 
gregation, did  not  tend  to  harmonize  matters.  Technical  questions  also 
arose,  Mr.  Froeligh's  Consistory  assuming  the  responsibility  of  the  bap- 
tisms, to  free  Mr.  Froeligh  from  blame.  Classes  and  Synods  took  opposite 
views  of  the  matter,  till  at  length  Mr.  Froeligh,  with  four  other  ministers  in 
the  north— Brokaw.  Palmer.  Toll,  Wyckoff,  H.  V.— who  had  been  sus- 
pended for  contumacy,  combined  in  organizing  what  they  styled  "The  True 
Reformed  Dutch  Church."  This  secession  took  place  in  1822.  Thus  that 
portion  of  the  congregations  in  Hackensack  and  Schraalenburgh  which  had 
warmly  favored  the  independent  American  ecclesiastical  organization — 
which  had  belonged  to  the  Coetus  party,  and  which  under  Goetschius. 
Dirck  Romeyn,  and  the  early  years  of  Froeligh,  had  denounced  schism — 
had  now,  through  their  personal  animosities,  effected  a  real  schism,  which 
has  been  the  bane  of  Bergen  County,  in  all  its  original  extent,  for  nearly  half 
a  century.  Likewise,  many  fair  regions  along  the  Mohawk,  and  farther 
west,  were  desolated  by  the  same  wave.  The  attempt  was  made  to  vindicate 
the  secession  on  doctrinal  grounds  and  looseness  of  discipline.     It   was 


480  THE    MINISTRY. 

charged  that  the  church  had  become  Hopkinsian  (or  too  mildly  Calvinistic) 
in  its  theology,  and  many  pamphlets  were  produced  by  the  opposite  sides 
upon  the  question.  The  matter  was  brought  by  memorials  of  different 
parties  before  the  General  Synod.  Dr.  Froeligh  had  been  appointed  as- 
sistant Professor  of  Theology  in  1792,  and  this  now  made  him  directly 
responsible  to  the  Synod  for  his  conduct.  He  was  accordingly  suspended  in 
1822  from  his  professorship  and  from  the  ministry  for  seceding,  for  charg- 
ing the  constituted  authorities  of  the  church  with  unsound  doctrines  and 
with  looseness  of  discipline  (especially  while  he  had  himself  irregularly 
administered  baptism  to  the  disaffected  of  another  congregation)  for  unit- 
ing with  deposed  ministers  in  contempt  of  ecclesiastical  authority,  and  for 
promoting  schisms  and  dissensions.  It  was  afterward  proved  by  letters  of 
Mr.  Froeligh  to  different  parties,  and  by  the  testimony  of  some  of  his  stu- 
dents, that  he  had  contemplated  secession,  in  imitation  of  the  Scotch,  for 
many  years. 

Mr.  Froeligh  was  seventy-two  years  of  age  at  his  secession.  He  was  not 
a  man  of  lofty  genius  or  of  intellectual  greatness.  He  followed  the  beaten 
track  of  doctrinal  exposition  and  experimental  religion.  He  became,  with 
years,  severely  dogmatic.  His  studies  were  rather  confined  to  the  needful 
and  the  useful.  He  was  considered,  during  many  of  his  latter  years  by  the 
church  at  large,  as  a  troubler  in  Israel.  He  expressed  his  doctrines  in  the 
severest  terms,  preaching  an  unalterable  reprobation.  He  was.  no  doubt, 
led  into  the  ecclesiastical  difficulties,  before  he  was  aware,  so  far  that  he 
felt  he  could  not  recede,  and  by  thus  acting  he  soon  became  guilty  of  many 
inconsistencies.  It  must  be  remembered  that  he  at  first  strove  for  union, 
and  when  he  had  failed  in  all  his  efforts  and  plans,  the  reaction  carried  him 
far  the  other  way.  From  his  position  he  found  himself  at  the  head  of  a 
party,  and  circumstances  led  him  on  till  the  consummation  which  we  have 
seen.  Much  sin  was  on  both  sides,  no  doubt,  but  why  should  the  children 
perpetuate  the  old  feuds?  He  was  appointed  Chaplain,  1st  N.  Y.  Line.  3d 
Continental    Establishment,    which    appointment    was    approved.    Nov.    21, 

1776.  Reconfirmed,  Jan.  3,  1777,  but  the  appointment  was  dropped.  Sept.. 

1777,  he  never  having  joined  his  regiment. 

See  "Mints,  of  Classis  of  Hackensack,  Bergen,  and  Paramus."  "Mints,  of 
Gen.  Syn.,"  1822-3.  "Cannon's  Pastoral  Theology."  585.  "Taylor's  An- 
nals of  Classis  of  Bergen,"  1856.  "Gordon's  Life  of  Ostrander,"  pp.  25.  32, 
46,  47.  "Rev.  C.  T.  Demarest's  Lamentation  Over  Froeligh."  "Centennial 
of  N.  B.  Sem.."  420.  "Brinkerhoff's  Hist,  of  True  Refd.  Dutch  Church." 
"Romeyn's  History  of  Ch.  of  Hackensack."  "Gordon's  Manual  of  Ch.  of 
Schraalenburg."  "Mints,  of  True  Reformed  Dutch  Church."  "Rev.  H. 
Beet's  Sketch  of  Froeligh,  in  Dutch,"  in  "De  Gereformeerde  Amerikaan," 
Oct.  and  Nov.,  1900. 

Publications:  "A  Fourth  of  July  Discourse,"  1794.  A  Sermon  preached 
at  Hackensack,  1795.  on  occasion  of  the  lightning  rending  the  steeple  of  the 
church — Job.  37:5  (In  "Banner  of  Truth."  vol.  iv,  No.  2.  This  is  a  maga- 
zine of  the  True  Dutch  Reformed  Church).  A  Sermon  on  the  "Heidelberg 
Catechism" — 1  John  1 :3 — "Banner  of  Truth."  vol.  iv.  No.  6.     A  Sermon  on 


THE    MINISTRY.  481 

Gen.  47:9 — "Banner  of  Truth."  vol.  iv,  No.  8.  A  Sermon  on  2  Tim.  2:8 — 
"Banner  of  Truth,"  vol.  v,  No.  1.  A  Sermon  in  the  "New  Jersey 
Preacher,"  on  Ex.  17  :6 — "The  Smitten  Rock,"  1813.  An  account  of  the 
Religious  Revival  at  Hackensack  and  Schraalenburg,  "N.  Y.  Miss.  Mag./' 
1800.  "The  Trial  of  Universal  Charity  by  a  Jury,"  i2mo,  pp.  268,  N.  Y. : 
1824.  "Reason  Assigned  by  a  Number  of  Ministers.  Elders,  and  Deacons 
for  Declaring  Themselves  the  True  Reformed  Dutch  Church  in  the 
U.  S.  A.,"  i2tno,  pp.  11:  Hackensack:  1822. 

Fryenmoet  (Frymuth),  Johannes  Casparus,  b.  in  Switzerland,  1720;  Mini- 
sink,  Walpeck  and  Mahakkemack,  1741-56,  also  Smithfield,  N.  J.,  1741- 
Dec.  1743;  supplied  Wawarsing,  1745-51,  Kinderhook,  Claverack,  and 
Livingston  Manor,  1756-70,  supplied  also  Red  Hook,  Kinderhook,  and 
Schodack.  1770-78,  d. 

He  emigrated  while  a  young  man  to  America,  and  took  up  his  residence 
near  Port  Jervis,  N.  Y.  The  associated  churches  on  the  Delaware  took  a 
special  interest  in  him,  and  finally  induced  Mancius  to  ordain  him  (1741) 
that  he  might  serve  in  the  churches  on  the  Delaware,  even  as  Frelinghuysen 
and  Dorsius  had  ordained  Goetschius  three  years  before.  Hence  Mancius 
was  called  "Promotor,"  as  if  he  had  power  like  an  inspector  or  bishop  to 
"prefer"  men  to  ecclesiastical  offices.  Mancius  had  organized  these  churches 
on  the  Delaware  in  1737.  But  many  found  fault  with  this  ordination,  and 
hence  application  was  made  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  that  he  might  be 
legally  ordained.  The  propriety  of  sending  him  to  Holland  was  long  under 
consideration,  and  it  has  been  generally  supposed  that  he  went,  but  the 
"Amsterdam  Correspondence"  shows  the  contrary.  The  Classis  granted 
permission  in  May.  1744,  to  ordain  him  according  to  the  Church  Order. 
This  was  done  by  Mancius  on  Dec.  16,  1744,  in  the  presence  of  Domines 
Vas  and  Weiss.  His  very  neat  handwriting,  his  great  regularity  in  keeping 
records,  and  the  sweet  savor  he  left  behind  him  of  deep,  evangelical  piety, 
continued  in  Port  Jervis  (says  Slauson)  even  down  to  his  day.  He  was 
very  popular  as  a  preacher.  So  great  was  his  popularity  that  quite  a  strife 
occurred  between  certain  churches  which  wished  his  services.  The  churches 
of  the  Delaware  and  of  Ulster  County  were  the  contestants.  A  corre- 
spondence took  piace  between  them  of  a  very  spicy  nature,  and  evincing  no 
little  spirit  of  rivalry  as  to  wealth  and  worldly  standing. 

He  became  in  a  few  years  a  conservative  member  of  the  Ccetus,  but  in- 
dignantly withdrew  when  they  proposed  to  organize  a  Classis.  He  had 
ordained  Arondeus  over  the  Conferentie  elements  in  Somerset  County,  N. 
J.,  in  1747.  In  1756,  an  Indian  massacre  compelled  him  to  flee  from  his 
home,  and  he  went  to  Raritan,  and  the  Conferentie  party  there  sought  most 
strenuously  to  call  him,  but  they  were  prevented  by  the  friends  of  Ccetus, 
who  already  had  determined  to  call  Hardenbergh,  who  had  married  John 
Frelinghuysen's  widow. 

The  dispute  rose  so  high  that  the  Circle  (or  Classis)  of  New  Brunswick 
was  called  in  to  settle  it.  He  had  great  power  in  personal  intercourse, 
being  remarkably  social  and  genial,  and  was  frequently  placed  on  commis- 


482  THE   MINISTRY. 

sions  to  deal  with  delicate  cases.  See  "Slauson's  Hist.  Ser.  at  Port  Jervis," 
and  "Zabriskie's  Claverack  Centennial."  "Mills'  Hist.  Disc,  at  Bushkill," 
1874,  and  at  Port  Jervis,  1878. 

Fulton,  Wm.  Collegiate  education  in  Europe,  studied  theology  under  Dr. 
Helffenstein,  1.  by  Ger.  Ref.  CI.  of  Philadelphia,  1852  (Phcenixville, 
G.R.  and  S.S.  at  Jeffersonville,  Presbyt.,  1853-5)  ;  Manayunk,  1855- 
March,  1865,  Chaplain  of  the  Scott  Legion  Regiment  and  Miss,  at 
Hilton  Head,  S.  C,  March-Nov.,  1865,  Manayunk  again,  1865-9. 

Funck,  Seymour  P.  (see  French  and  Vonck)  ;  C.C.  1817,  N.B.S.  1821,  1.  CI. 
N.B.  1821  (Jamaica,  Presbyt.  1823-5)  ;  d.  1828.— "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  iii,  64. 

Furbeck,  George,  b.  at  Guilderland,  Feb.  24,  1821 ;  U.C.  46,  N.B.S.  51,  1.  CI. 
Schenectady;  1851,  d.  Oct.  18.     See  "Manual"  of  1879. 

Furbeck,  Geo.  Warren  (s.  of  Philip  Furbeck),  b.  Westerlo,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  23, 
1864;  U.C.  87.  N.B.S.  90,  1.  CI.  Passaic;  Stuyvesant,  90-8.  Albany,  6th, 
1898 

Furbeck,  Howard  (s.  of  Philip  Furbeck),  U.C.  1897,  N.B.S.  1901 ;  Amster- 
dam, N.  Y.,  1901 

Furbeck,  Philip  (brother  of  George  Furbeck),  b.  at  Guilderland,  Dec.  29, 
1832;  U.C.  54.  N.B.S.  59,  1.  CI.  Schenectady;  Caughnawaga,  59-62, 
Westerlo,  62-67,  Buskirk's  Bridge  67-75,  Farmer  Village,  75-82,  Little 
Falls.  N.  J.,  82-88,  St.  Johnsville,  88-92,  Taghkanick,  92-97.  Died  July 
23,  1899. 

He  was  a  man  of  clear  understanding,  scholarly  tastes,  conservative  judg- 
ment, and  unfaltering  devotion  to  duty.  He  was  sympathetic,  warm- 
hearted, with  deep  nttachments,  and  an  unbounded  readiness  for  personal 
friendships.  He  always  held  the  confidence  of  the  people  whom  he  served, 
and  led  many  souls  to  Christ.     "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1900,  895. 

Gamble,  Samuel,  b.  Pa,  1828;  Jeff.  Col.  58,  P.S.  61  (New  Scotland,  N.  Y., 
61-7;  also  supplied  Hamiltonville,  61-2,  Bethlehem,  1st,  63-7;  Stillwater, 
68-70)  ;  Guilderland,  70-5,  S.S.  Pekin,  1st,  111,  85-90.  S.S.  Constantinc, 
90-1,  S.S.  Presb.  ch,  Gardner,  91-1895,  d.  Mar.  18.     See  P.S.  Cat. 
He  was  a  most  acceptable  preacher,  forcible  and  strenuous,  yet  winning. 
He  had  the  tact  of  uniting  factions.     Personally,  he  was  a  man  of  mark, 
having  a  magnificent  physique.     As  a  pastor  he  was  charming.     He  could 
not  only  teach  his  people  duty,  and  admonish  them  to  holiness,  but  could 
show  them  how  to  swing  a  scythe  or  cradle  as  well.     Usually  large  re- 
vivals attended  his  ministrations. 

Ganse,  Hervey  Doddridge,  b.  near  Fishkill,  N.  Y,  Feb.  22,  1822 ;  N.Y.U.  35- 
8,  C.C.  39,  N.B.S.  43,  1.  CI.  N.Y. ;  Freehold,  2d,  43-56,  N.  Y.  C,  W.  23d 
st.   (after  71  in  Madison  av.),  56-76  (St.  Louis,  Mo,  76-83,  Cor.  Sec. 

Presbyt.  Bd.  for  Colleges  and  Academies,  83-91),  d President  of 

Gen.  Synod,  1866.     Editor  of  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  1871-5. 

In  his  first  charge  at  Freehold  he  at  once  attracted  large  audiences  and 

edified  all  who  heard  him.     His  preaching  was  brilliant  and  effective.     Here 

also  he  laid  the  foundation  of  that  ripe  scholarship  which  was  one  of  the 

distinguishing  characteristics  of  his  later  life.     When  he  removed  to  New 


THE    MINISTRY.  483 

York  he  came  soon  to  be  regarded  as  one  of  the  first  preachers  of  the  me- 
tropolis. His  vigorous  thought,  his  fervid  style,  and  his  impassioned  de- 
livery commanded  a  hearing;  while  his  broad  sympathy,  his  intense 
earnestness,  and  his  Christlike  consecration  challenged  the  affection  of 
those  who  waited  on  his  ministry.  The  President  of  Union  Seminary,  Dr. 
Hitchcock,  pronounced  him  to  be  at  that  time  the  most  acute  and  discrimi- 
nating mind  in  the  New  York  pulpit. 

In  1861  Rutgers  College  gave  him  the  degree  of  D.D.  This  honor  he 
declined  in  an  exceedingly  courteous  but  forceful  letter,  holding  as  did 
Albert  Barnes  and  others,  that  such  distinctions  were  contrary  to  the  spirit 
of  the  Gospel.  Yet  such  were  his  commanding  abilities  that  the  title  clung 
to  him.  (See  the  letter  in  the  papers  of  July,  1861.)  He  was  repeatedly 
elected  to  professorial  chairs,  but  he  preferred  the  pastorate.  He  was 
chairman  of  the  committee  to  report  on  the  elimination  of  the  word 
"Dutch"  from  the  corporate  title  of  the  church  (1866-7).  Here  his  skill 
in  debate  was  exhibited  in  a  wonderful  degree.  Yet  so  dispassionate  was 
his  review  of  the  past  and  his  forecast  of  the  future,  although  there  was 
opposition  from  most  influential  quarters,  that  he  secured  a  practically 
unanimous  vote  in  favor  of  the  change,  there  being  only  eight  dissenting 
votes  in  the  Synod.  He  was  also  one  of  the  most  active  members  in  the 
Boards  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Missions,  and  often  represented  his  church 
as  a  delegate  to  other  bodies.  He  was  chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Union  of  the  Dutch  Church,  with  the  Presbyterian  Churches,  North  and 
South,  and  the  German  Church.  Several  meetings  were  held  with  these 
bodies.  His  speech  in  1874  in  the  Synod  at  Poughkeepsie  was  a  master- 
piece of  logic  and  eloquence,  which  thrilled  the  Synod.  Without  a  note, 
he  met  his  committee  the  evening  before,  and  went  over  the  main  points  of 
his  speech,  and  reproduced  the  same,  with  elaborations,  the  next  day,  to 
the  amazement  of  the  committee.  (See  the  speeches  in  full,  in  favor  of  and 
against  Union,  in  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  June  and  July,  1874.)  But  for 
a  circumstance  that  occurred  in  Philadelphia  just  before  this  meeting  of 
Synod  the  friends  of  union  would  have  carried  the  day.  He  was  for 
years  the  leading  debater  on  the  floor  of  Synod. 

In  1876  he  accepted  a  call  to  a  Presbyterian  church  in  St.  Louis.  There 
for  seven  years  he  was  held  in  the  same  high  esteem  and  love.  His  min- 
istry was  cosmopolitan.  Here  he  fearlessly  denounced  sin,  especially  that 
of  gambling.  The  city  had  long  been  infested  with  that  evil.  By  his  ser- 
mons and  articles  in  the  press  the  conscience  of  the  community  was  so 
quickened  that  a  crusade  was  organized  against  it,  which  resulted  in  ridding 
the  city  of  the  evil.  For  eight  years  more  he  served  as  Secretary  of  the 
Board  of  Aid  for  Colleges.  Not  without  a  struggle  did  he  leave  the  pastor- 
ate. He  appreciated  the  necessity  of  intellectual  culture,  while  his  own 
consecration  disposed  him  to  insist  that  learning  should  be  hallowed  by 
religion.  As  executive  officer  he  inspired  the  aims  of  the  Board,  outlined 
its  policy,  directed  its  efforts,  and  largely  achieved  its  results.  Nearly  a 
million  dollars  were  acquired  in  property  and  endowment,  which  was  for- 
ever consecrated  to  Christian  education. 

His  qualities  challenged  the  admiration  of  all  who  knew  him.     He  was 


4^4  THE   MINISTRY. 

courteous,  cordial,  sincere,  true.  He  was  a  diligent  student,  a  discriminat- 
ing observer,  a  profound  thinker.  From  nature  and  art,  from  science  and 
philosophy,  from  reason  and  Scripture,  he  derived  stores  of  knowledge 
which  qualified  him  to  meet  every  emergency  and  discharge  every  duty.  In 
every  position  he  occupied  he  evinced  tremendous  force.  He  was  versatile. 
He  was  a  reasoner  of  exceptional  dialectic  power.  He  was  a  poet  of 
singular  sweetness.  He  was  an  administrator  of  marvelous  resources. 
Above  all,  he  was  a  thorough  Christian.  He  invariably  preached  the  pure 
Gospel,  holding  up  the  Cross  of  Christ  as  the  central  fact,  always  present- 
ing the  truth  as  it  is  in  Jesus,  with  singular  simplicity  and  spirituality. 
And  as  might  be  expected,  he  met  death  without  a  fear  and  without  a 
doubt.  A  volume  of  his  poems  and  hymns  was  published  after  his  death. 
See  "Memorial  Address  by  Dr.  J.  McC.  Holmes." 

Publications:  "Bible  Slaveholding  Not  Sinful;  a  Reply  to  Slavehold- 
ing  Not  Sinful,"  by  Dr.  S.  B.  How,  1856.  A  Sermon  on  the  "Duties  of  the 
Sabbath,"  in  the  "Christian  Sabbath,"  1862.  Article  on  "Baptism  for  the 
Dead,"  "Am.  Presbyt.  and  Theolog.  Rev.,"  1863.  A  Sermon  on  the  "Trin- 
ity," in  "South  Church  Lects.  on  Christian  Doct,"  1865.  Article  on 
"Change  of  Name,"  "Appendix  to  Minutes  Gen.  Syn.,"  1867.  "Rem- 
iniscences of  Dr.  Thomas  De  Witt"  (In  "Memorial").  Article  in 
"Sprague's  Annals  of  Am.  Ref.  D.  Pulpit,"  on  "Rev.  George  Schenck." 
Many  editorials  in  the  "Christian  Intelligencer."  "Practical  Results  of 
N.  Y.  S.  S.  Institute,"  1868.     Various  Hymns.     An  example: 

"It  was  no  love  of  mine,  dear  Lord, 
That  won  Thy  love  for  me — 
On  me  were  Thy  compassions  poured 
From  the  accursed  tree. 

"And  now  I  hold  Thee  by  no  bands 
Of  saintly  prayer  or  deed, 
I  hold  Thee  with  my  trembling  hands. 
These  hands  of  guilt  and  need. 

"Saviour  and  sinner,  we  have  met, 
And  meeting,  will  not  part : 
The  blood  that  bought  me  claims  me  yet : 
Christ  has  me  in  His  heart. 

"So  pure,  though  vile;  and  rich,  though  poor, 
I  have  my  all  in  Thee — 
Beloved  and  loving,  pledged,  secure, 
To  all  eternity." 

Ganss,  Jacor  J.,  b.  Frankfort  on  the  Main,  Ger..  Aug.  3,  1859;  Basel,  79, 
Basel  and  Karls  Schule,  80;  ord.  by  CI.  Bergen,  83,  Ger.  Evang., 
Kreischersville,  S.  I.,  1883 Ph.D. 

Publications:  "Das  Forsthaus."  "Der  Goldgraeber."  "Der  Mueller- 
sohn."    "Gottes  Wege  sind  Wunderbar." 


THE    MINISTRY.  485 

Garabed,  H.  (Armenian),  N.B.S.  1887. 
Gardeneir,  W.,  Kalamazoo,  1855,  d. 

Gardiner,  Hugh  Brodie.  b.  in  Scotland,  1820 ;  Y.C.  42,  P.S.  49,  Galena,  111., 
49-51,  S.S.  Madison,  Wis.,  51-5.  Coeymans  and  New  Baltimore,  56- 
60,  Herkimer,  60-4;  S.S.  Bergen.  Cong.,  64-7,  Sec.  Am.  Tract  Soc, 
Schenectady,  67-70,  Perry,  Presbyt.,  70-2;  died  1874.     See  "P.  S.  Cat." 

Gardner,  John,  b.  at  Gilbertsville,  Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  1,  1814;  U.C.  41, 
N.B.S.  44,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Harlingen,  1844-81.  d.  Oct.  20. 

He  had  the  advantage  of  a  pious  and  worthy  Scotch  and  New  England 
ancestry.  For  37  years  he  exercised  a  ministry  of  great  devotion  and  use- 
fulness in  a  single  field.  While  he  was  an  excellent  pastor,  his  preaching 
was  Scriptural,  varied  and  forcible,  and  always  very  instructive.  That  he 
held  his  large  audience  steadily  for  so  long  a  period  is  proof  that  he  did 
not  lack  qualities  to  attract  and  interest.  Under  the  blessing  of  God  his 
faithfulness  was  rewarded  with  large  accessions  to  the  church.  Near  the 
end  of  his  ministry  108  were  gathered  in  at  a  single  communion.  During 
his  long  pastorate  in  this  one  field  he  was  a  noble  example  of  an  irreproach- 
able life  and  of  the  courteous.  Christian  gentleman.  His  end  was  a  triumph 
of  faith. 

Gardner,  John  Scoon  (s.  of  John  Gardner),  b.  at  Harlingen,  N.  J.,  Nov.  1, 
1850;  C.N.J.  71,  U.S.  75,  He  CI.  Philadelphia  (S.S.  Morris  Plains, 
Presbyt.,  75-6)  ;  ord.  by  CI.  Schoharie,  Aug.  23,  76;  Middleburg,  76-80, 
Harlingen,  80-3,  Flatlands,  1883 

Gardner,  Theodore  A.,  b.  in  Vt,  1830;  W.C.  53,  U.S.  57;  ord.  by  CI.  Sara- 
toga, 62 ;  S.S.  Manhattanville,  55 ;  Buskirk's  Bridge,  61-2,  Tiossiock, 
62-7 ;  died  Jan.  20,  1880.     Other  details,  see  "U.  S.  Gen.  Cat." 

Garretson,  Garret  I.,  b.  near  Somerville,  1808,  R.C.  29,  N.B.S.  32,  1.  CI. 
N.B. ;  Stuyvesant,  32-4 ;  Newtown  and  Jamaica,  35-49,  Lodi,  49-52,  d. 
1853.     See  "Manual"  of  1879. 

Publications:  "A  Discourse  at  Jamaica,  L.  I.."  Feb.  15,  1842,  at  the 
Quadragenian  Anniversary  of  the  Ministry  of  the  Rev.  Jacob  Schoonmaker, 
D.D.,  1842.  "The  Christian  Citizen."  1842.  "A  Sermon  on  the  Death  of 
A.  S.  Rapalje,"  1847. 

Garretson,  Geo.  Rem.,  b.  at  Jersey  City,  May  21,  1850;  R.C.  70,  N.B.S. 
70-1,  U.S.  71-3,  in  Europe,  73-4,  U.S.  74-5,  lie.  CI.  Bergen,  Sept.,  1875 ; 
1st  Long  Is.  City,  75-6,  1st  L.  I.  City,  and  St.  Johns,  Laurel  Hill,  76-7, 
Ap.  1  st,  Hyde  Park,  77-8  (Presb.  Mattituck,  L.  I.,  83-7,  Claremont. 
Presby.  ch.,  Jersey  City,  87-1900). 

Garretson,  Gilbert  S.  (s.  of  John  Garretson),  b.  N.  Y.  C,  1839;  R.C.  59, 
N.B.S.  62,  1.  CI.  Cayuga;  Upper  Walpack,  63-84,  Franklin  Furnace, 
N.  J.,  85-91,  w.  c. 

Garretson,  Jas.  Cortelyou,  b.  Middlebush,  N.  J.,  Aug.  8,  185 1 ;  R.C.  71, 
N.B.S.  74,  lie.  CI.  N.B. ;  Prattsville,  75-7,  Taghkanic,  1877-91,  supply- 
ing churches,  1892 

Garretson,  John,  b.  at  Six-Mile  Run,  N.  J.,  Nov.  9,  1801 ;  U.C.  23,  N.B.S. 


486 


THE    MINISTRY. 


26,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Miss,  to  Kinderhook  Landing  (Stuyvesant)  and  Colum- 
biaville,    26-7,    Middleburgh,   27-33,    Schraalenburgh,    33-6,    Miss,    at 
Brooklyn,  organizing  the  Central  Ch.,  36-7,  Belleville,  37-49,  Cor.  Sec. 
Bd.  Dom.  Missions,  49-59.  Canastota,  59-61,  Owasco  Outlet,  61-4,  Eso- 
pus,  65-6,  also  S.S.  at  St.  Remy   (Lawrenceville,  Pa.,  Presb.,  66-9)  ; 
Cortlandtown,  69-72;  w.  c. ;  Rector  of  Hertzog  Hall,  1874-5,  d.     D.D. 
by  R.  C.  1855. 
He  was  a  man  of  good  mind  and  excellent  attainments  as  a  theologian. 
His  views  of  the  doctrines  of  grace  were  remarkably  clear;  and  his  convic- 
tions of  their  truth  decided.     He  had  the  experimental  knowledge  of  their 
truth,  and  his  faith  never  wavered.     He  lived  near  to  God.     His  conversa- 
tions during  his  long  and  severe  illness  were  edifying  and  delightful.     His 
judgment  was  sound.     He  was  a  good  counselor.     In  the  pulpit  he  was  uni- 
formly instructive  and  impressive.     He  was   systematic,   faithful,   sympa- 
thizing as  a  pastor.     He  is  held  in  fond  remembrance  by  many  a  parishioner. 
He  was  a  useful  member  of  ecclesiastical  bodies,  familiar  with  the  modes  of 
transacting  business  and  always  ready  to  do  his  share  of  work.     His  sym- 
pathy with  the  young  was  complete.     He  was  never  more  happy  than  when 
he  had  young  people  around  him.     He  kept  his  heart  young,  and  hence  he 
won  the  affections  of  the  young  men  in  Hertzog  Hall  at  once ;  and  his  in- 
fluence over  them  was  unbounded  and  most  salutary.     Under  his  secretary- 
ship the  Dom.  Miss.  Board  made  great  progress  in  the  West.     During  this 
period  the  Holland  immigration  (1847-52)   took  place.     His  policy  was  to 
organize  a  line  of  churches  between  the  East  and  West.     (See  his  "Dom. 
Miss.  Reports,"  1849-59.) 
Garretson,  John.  R.C.  1861,  N.B.S.  64,  I.  CI.  N.B. :   (supplying  Broadalbin, 

N.  Y.,  Presbyt.,  65-8,  pastor,  1868-9.  d). 
Garvin,  Isaac,  1832. 

Gaston,  John,  b.  Somerville.  N.  J.,  1825;  R.C.  49,  N.B.S.  52,  1.  CI.  N.B. ; 
Pompton,  52-62.  Saugerties.  62-9,  Aquackanonck,  69-95  >  emeritus ;  d. 
1901.     Elected  a  trustee  of  R.C.  1876.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1872. 
He  was  splendidlv  furnished  by  nature,  grace,  and  culture  for  the  exact- 
ing demands  of  his  high  and  holy  office.     He  was  a  true  "Shepherd  and 
Bishop  of  souls."     Powerful  in  the  presentation  of  truth  on  the  Sabbath, 
he  was  scrupulously  conscientious  in  the  practice  of  it  through  the  week. 
He  was  a  man  as  well  as  a  minister.     No  age,  class,  or  condition  of  life 
lay  outside  of  the  pale  of  his  interest  and  sympathy.     As  he  sought  to 
imprint  the  image  of  Christ  upon  the   hearts  of  men,   he  unconsciously 
wrought  of  himself  into  their  lives.     He   was   a   striking  and  important 
factor   in   the   life   of   every   community   in   which   his   lot  was    cast.     His 
ministrations  extended  far  beyond  his  own  parish.     In  a  real  sense  he  was 
a  servant  of  the  people,  at  the  marriage  altar,  at  the  baptismal  font,  at 
the  bed  of  sickness,  and  at  the  grave  of  the  dead.     His  sunny  nature,  his 
warm  heart,  his  tender  sjmpathy,  his  cheery  words,  his  strong  personality, 
his  fatherly  interest  in  everybody,   formed  ties  of  endearment  which  at- 
tached him  to  many. 
Dr.  Gaston's  interests  and  activities  have  been  wider  than  the  churches 


THE   MINISTRY.  487 

which  he  served.  They  have  extended  to  the  denomination.  For  thirty- 
six  years  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Education  of  the  Re- 
formed Church,  and  from  1S80  until  the  time  of  his  decease  he  has  served 
as  President  of  the  Board.  Since  1872  he  has  been  a  trustee  of  Rutgers 
College,  which  institution  more  than  thirty  years  ago  conferred  upon  him 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity,  an  honor  worthily  bestowed. 

Publications:  An  Address  at  the  Funeral  of  Rev.  Dr.  John  Gosman, 
1867  (In  "Memorial").  Address  at  Funeral  of  Mrs.  J.  B.  Sheffield,  1864. 
Gaston,  Joseph,  Belmont,  1895-6,  Hyde  Park,  97-1899. 

Gates,  Cor.  From  Ger.  Ref.  Ch.,  Wynantskill,  1840-2,  Caroline,  42-50, 
Manayunk,  51-4,  Port  Jackson,  56-7,  Woolcott,  57-9,  Minisink,  60-3, 
d.  Feb. 

Gates,  Wm.  Bishop,  U.S.  1902;  Assistant  Pastor,  Madison  Av.,  N.  Y.  C, 
1902 

Gebhard,  John  G.,  b.  at  Waldorf,  Ger.,  1750,  studied  at  Heidelberg  and 
Utrecht,  1.  1771  (Whitpain  and  Worcester,  Pa.,  1771-4)  ;  Ger.  Ref., 
N.  Y.  C,  1774-6,  Claverack,  1776-1826,  d. ;  also  at  Ghent  every  two 
months,  1782-87,  at  Taghkanic  quarterly,  1777-97,  at  Hillsdale  every 
seven  weeks,  1793- 1814,  and  at  Camp  occasionally. 

He  was  born  at  Waldorf,  in  Germany.  When  New  York  was  invaded 
by  the  British  he  removed  to  Kingston,  and  soon  accepted  a  call  to 
Claverack.  He  was  here  the  means  of  healing  an  unhappy  division,  bring- 
ing with  him  sagacity,  knowledge  of  human  nature,  prudence,  and  self- 
control.  He  mastered  the  Low  Dutch  tongue,  so  as  to  be  able  to  preach  in 
it,  in  three  months.  He  also  preached  in  all  the  surrounding  neighborhood, 
traveling  sometimes  even  to  Schoharie  (sixty  miles  distant)  to  break  to 
them  the  Word  of  Life.  In  1777  he  founded  the  Washingtonian  Institute  at 
Claverack,  of  which  he  was  principal.  He  was  always  modest,  dignified, 
and  courteous,  and  affable  in  his  intercourse  with  others.  He  was  a  matt 
of  peace.  As  a  preacher  he  had  life  and  energy,  and  was  frequently 
pathetic;  his  style  of  preaching  was  mostly  didactic,  addressed  to  the 
understanding  with  a  view  to  enlighten  and  convince.  As  a  patriot  of  the 
Revolution,  he  was  active  and  consistent;  he  used  the  weight  of  his  official 
character  to  maintain  the  righteousness  of  the  cause  and  enlarge  the  spirit 
of  freedom.  His  last  communion  season,  standing  on  the  border  of  the 
grave,  is  described  as  thrilling.  "Harbaugh,"  ii,  393.  "Claverack  Centen- 
nial."    "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  i,  232. 

Gebhard,  John  G.  (great-grandson  of  John  G.  Gebhard,  above),  b.  Hud- 
son, N.  Y.,  Nov.  2,  1857;  H.C.  78,  N.B.S.  82,  1.  CI.  New  Brunswick; 
Griggstown,  1882-5,  Claverack,  2d,  1885-91,  Herkimer,  91-1900,  Cor. 
Sec.  Bd.  of  Education,  1900 

George,  H.  W.,  1889-90. 

Gerhard,  Ludwig,  1865. 

Gesman,  N.  J.,  b.  Charlois,  Neths.,  Dec.  17,  1835;  c.  to  America,  46;  lie.  by 
CI.  Illinois,  88;  Ebenezer,  la.,  89-1894,  d.  Nov.  3. 


488  THE    MINISTRY. 

He  came  to  America  with  the  800  under  the  lead  of  Rev.  H.  P.  Scholte, 
1846.  They  settled  at  Pella,  la.  In  1865  he  began  to  study  law  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar ;  but  his  anxiety  to  preach  the  Gospel  led  him  into  the 
ministry.  He  was  always  ready  to  proclaim  the  Word  in  any  destitute 
locality,  and  his  efforts  were  rewarded  with  the  conversion  of  many  souls. 
In  1888  a  community  at  Ebenezer,  la.,  where  he  had  labored,  petitioned  the 
Classis  of  Illinois  to  organize  them  into  a  church,  and  they  at  once  chose 
Mr.  Gesman  as  their  pastor.  His  preaching  was  logical  and  instructive, 
but  his  ministry  was  short. 

Gesner,  Oscar,  R.C.  1862,  N.B.S.  65.  1.  S.  CI.  L.I.;  Rocky  Hill,  65-70. 
Linden,  70-4,  w.  c. 

Geyer,  Julius  W.,  N.B.S.  1863,  Ger.  Evang.  Mission,  N.  Y.  C.,  1863 

Gibson.  J.  R..  1888-9. 

Giffen,  John.  b.  Birkenhead.  Eng.,  Nov.  9,  1862;  U.T.S.  93;  ord.  by  Presb. 
NY.;  S.S.  Belmont,  N.  Y.  C.,  1892-3;  Sup.  Albany  Tract  and  Miss. 
Soc,  1893 M.D. 

Gilbert,  Archibald  F.,  b.  1826?  1.  by  Franklin  Assoc.  Mass.,  1861 ;  Pratts- 
ville,  61-1866,  d. 

Gillespie,  John  Hamilton,  b.  Glasgow,  Scotland,  1858,  R.C.  82,  N.B.S. 
85,  1.  CI.  Bergen ;  New  Hurley,  N.  Y.,  85-8,  Prof,  of  Greek,  Hope  Col- 
lege, 88-98,  Prof.  Hellenistic  Greek  and  N.  T.  Exegesis,  N.B.S., 
1898 

Gilmore,  Wm.  Brokaw,  b.  White  House,  N.  J.,  1835:  H.S.  66,  W.S.  69,  lie. 
and  ord.  CI.  Mich.,  70;  Prin.  Amelia  Institute,  and  Miss,  in  Va.,  69- 
72,  Prin.  Female  Dept.  Hope  College,  Nov.,  72-3,  June ;  Spring  Lake, 
111.,  73-82,  Havana,  111.,  82-1884,  d.  Ap.  24. 

He  was  an  active  worker.  The  social  qualities  of  his  nature  gave  him 
great  power,  and  endeared  him  to  the  kindly  sympathies  of  all.  He  was  full 
of  self-sacrificing  labors  for  the  good  of  others.  He  loved  his  Divine 
Master  with  a  most  tender  love,  and  he  loved  all  the  followers  of  Christ  of 
whatever  name.  To  the  churches  of  Spring  Lake,  Manito,  and  Havana,  he 
devoted  the  full  strength  of  his  manhood  in  labors  most  abundant. 

Ginnings,  see  Jennings. 

Girtanner,  Carl,  Hudson  City,  2d  (Jersey  City),  1879-81,  Newark,  West 
(Ger.),  1882 

Gleason,  Wm.  Henry  (son-in-law  of  Rev.  Dwight  M.  Seward),  b.  in  Dur- 
ham, Ct.,  Sept.  28,  1833;  Y.C.  53;  he  and  ord.  Presb.  L.  I.,  70;  New- 
burgh,  70-76,  Newark,  1st,  77-86,  Hudson,  N.  Y.,  1886-88,  w.  c.  Died 
Feb.  21,  1892. 

He  at  first  took  up  the  study  of  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1857. 
After  thirteen  years  of  successful  practice  as  a  lawyer,  and  earnest  Chris- 
tian work  as  a  layman,  the  thought  that  he  might  have  higher  and  wider 
usefulness  in  the  Christian  ministry  became  impressed  upon  him.  He  was 
a  very  attractive  preacher,  popular  in  the  best  sense  of  the  word.  Speaking 
without  notes,  with  a  musical  voice  and  freedom  in  gesture,  he  conveyed  in 


THE    MINISTRY.  489 

a  charming  way  the  message  of  sweetness  his  clear  mind  and  loving  heart 
had  drawn  from  the  Word  of  God.  In  all  of  his  charges  he  was  greatly 
blessed  in  winning  souls  to  the  Saviour.  A  large  and  steady  ingathering 
of  members  was  a  marked  feature  of  his  ministry.  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.," 
1892,  654. 

Gliddon,  A.  M.,  1892. 

Goeisel,  Gustavus  A.  T.,  N.B.S.  1884;  Yorkville  (Ger.),  84-90,  Greenburgh, 

1890 

Goebel,  Louis,  b.  Frankfort  on  Main,  Ger.,  July  27,  1858;  Bloomfield,  T. 

Sem.,  1877-80;  U.T.S.  1880-1 ;  ord.  by  CI.  Bergen,  Sept.  30,  1881 ;  Hack- 

ensack.  3d,  1881-90;  Yorkville,  N.  Y.  C.    (Evang.),   1890-5,  Flatbush, 

2d, 1895 

Goetschius,  John  Henry  (son  of  Rev.  Maurice  Goetschi,  of  Zurich,  Switzer- 
land), b.  1717;  studied  at  Zurich,  and  under  Dorsius ;  assisting  Dor- 
sius,  in  Bucks  Co.,  Pa.,  1739-41 :  licensed  by  Dorsius,  Frelinghuysen, 
and  Tennant,  1741 ;  Jamaica,  Newtown,  Success,  and  Oyster  Bay,  L.  I., 
1741-8,  re-ordained  by  the  Coetus,  1748,  Hackensack  and  Schraalen- 
berg,  N.  J.,  1748-74,  died. 

His  father,  Rev.  Maurice  Goetschi,  was  born  in  Switzerland  in  1686,  and 
ordained  in  1710.  He  was  a  remarkable  Oriental  scholar.  He  was  assist- 
ant pastor  at  Bernegg,  1710-20;  was  pastor  at  Salez,  1720-31,  when,  for 
some  reason,  he  was  deposed.  But  he  still  possessed  great  influence,  and 
left  Zurich,  Oct.  4,  1734,  with  a  party  of  400,  destined  for  America.  They 
had  a  very  difficult  and  dangerous  passage  down  the  Rhine,  on  account  of 
a  Franco-Austrian  war  then  raging.  They  were  molested  and  robbed  con- 
tinually. After  leaving  Mayence  they  met  with  further  disappointments 
and  discouragements  all  the  way  to  Holland,  although  occasionally  they 
found  friends  along  the  way.  The  colonists  finally  reached  Rotterdam, 
where  they  suffered  not  a  little ;  but  Rev.  Mr.  Wilhelmius  sought  to  miti- 
gate their  sufferings.  Goetschi  went  on  to  The  Hague,  where  he  unex- 
pectedly met  with  most  remarkable  success.  He  had  hoped,  upon  starting, 
that  England  would  send  them  to  the  Carolinas,  but  Count  Walpole,  the 
British  Ambassador  at  The  Hague,  said  he  could  not  send  them  on  to 
England  without  express  orders. 

Goetschi  now  addressed  himself  to  Mr.  Felss,  a  certain  statesman  there, 
who  received  him  most  favorably.  He  told  him  they  had  been  seeking  for 
six  years  for  a  man  to  organize  the  churches  in  Pennsylvania,  where  there 
were  60,000  of  the  Reformed  faith.  He  offered  to  secure  his  appointment 
as  Superintendent-General  of  Pennsylvania,  and  give  him  a  salary  for  the 
first  year  of  about  $800;  but  he  must  first  see  his  testimonials.  Goetschi 
wrote  to  Rev.  J.  Baptiste  Ott,  of  Zurich,  for  testimonials.  Ott  informed 
Rev.  Wilhelmi,  of  Rotterdam,  that  Goetschi  had  started  against  advice ; 
yet  since  he  had  reached  Rotterdam,  he  would  give  him  a  letter  of  introduc- 
tion to  Wilhelmi.  Information  was  also  sent  that  Goetschi  had  been  de- 
posed, but  that  he  was  a  man  of  great  energy,  and  might  yet  accomplish 
great  good  in  the  New  World.     Through  Statesman  Felss'  suggestion,  the 


49°  THE   MINISTRY. 

whole  body  was  diverted  from  Carolina  to  Pennsylvania.     They  left  Rot- 
terdam, Feb.  24,  1735. 

They  stopped  on  the  coast  of  England,  and  had  a  stormy  passage  all  the 
way  over,  and  a  brutal  tyrant  for  a  captain.  They  reached  Philadelphia, 
May  29,  1735,  and  Goetschi  himself  expired  soon  after  landing.  He  left  a 
wife  and  eight  children,  of  whom  John  Henry  was  the  oldest.  He  was 
then  only  seventeen. 

In  their  distress  John  Henry  writes,  on  July  21,  1735,  to  Rev.  Werdmiller, 
assistant  at  Zurich,  giving  an  account  of  the  voyage,  and  of  his  father's 
death,  and  asking  for  aid.  He  also  states  how  he  had  begun  to  preach  at 
this  early  age.  When  the  people  found  out  that  he  was  a  student  for  the 
ministry,  and  he  showed  them  the  certificate  of  his  studies,  they  were  de- 
lighted and  insisted  on  his  preaching.  He  preached  and  catechized  twice 
every  Sunday,  not  only  in  Philadelphia,  but  in  the  outlying  districts.  He 
received  another  certificate  from  Zurich,  on  May  28,  1736,  stating  that  he 
had  attended  college  there,  and  they  had  hopes  of  his  becoming  a  good 
minister  when  he  got  through  his  schooling.  He  now  sought  ordination 
at  the  hands  of  the  Presbyterian  Synod  in  Philadelphia,  but  that  Synod, 
May  27,  1737,  while  satisfied  with  his  testimonials,  as  far  as  they  went, 
delayed  ordaining  him,  and  advised  him  to  continue  his  studies. 

Nevertheless,  he  continued  preaching,  and  performed  other  ministerial 
duties.  He  officiated  in  a  dozen  different  congregations,  although  he  him- 
self only  partook  of  the  Lord's  Supper  for  the  first  time,  at  the  hands  of 
Rieger,  at  Germantown,  in  November,  1736  (if  Boehm's  statement  is  cor- 
rect). Goetschi,  therefore,  exhibited  a  spirit  of  independence,  to  say  the 
least,  not  altogether  justifiable.  The  South  Holland  Synod  proposed  in 
1738  that  Goetschius  should  be  ordained,  either  by  the  Presbyterian  Synod 
or  by  some  of  the  neighboring  ministers,  or  by  ministers  sent  there  for  that 
purpose.  But,  about  1739,  Goetschi  stopped  preaching,  and  went  to  Bucks 
County  to  finish  his  theological  studies  under  Dorsius.  The  Synod  of 
South  Holland  of  1740  refers  to  this  event,  saying  that  after  having  per- 
formed all  the  work  of  a  regularly  qualified  minister,  he  stopped  short  to 
finish  his  studies. 

In  October,  1740,  before  his  ordination,  Goetschius  visited  Long  Island, 
where  the  churches  of  Newtown,  Jamaica.  Hempstead,  and  Oyster  Bay 
gave  him  a  call,  whither  he  went  the  following  year. 

On  April  7,  1741,  Dorsius,  Tennant,  and  Frelinghuysen  ordained  him. 
Goetschi  asked  Boehm's  forgiveness  for  all  that  he  had  done  against  him. 
The  Classis  of  Amsterdam  censured  Dorsius  for  ordaining  Goetschius. 

Goetschius  was  installed  by  Freeman,  with  the  consent  of  Antonides,  over 
the  churches  in  Queens  County,  L.  I.  But  from  the  first  there  were  some 
who  questioned  the  validity  of  his  ordination,  and  his  colleague,  Antonides, 
took  part  with  them.  The  pressure  brought  to  bear  upon  him  caused  him 
sometimes  to  lose  his  temper,  for  which  the  Classis  rebuked  him.  His 
opponents  also  trumped  up  charges  of  immorality  against  liim,  which  pro- 
duced great  confusion  for  several  years,  but  the  Classis  ultimately  de- 
clared that  these  had  not  been  proven.     The  whole  business,  the  validity  of 


THE   MINISTRY.  491 

his  ordination  and  the  charges,  was  committed  to  the  ministers  of  N.  Y.  C. 
and  L.  I.,  and  articles  of  agreement  were  at  length  adopted.  For  the  sake 
of  peace  Mr.  Goetschius  consented,  in  1748,  when  the  Ccetus  was  formed  by 
classical  authority,  to  take  the  place  of  a  candidate,  though  he  had  been 
seven  years  in  the  ministry,  and  to  submit  to  a  new  examination  and  ordi- 
nation !  During  the  contest  much  unchristian  spirit  had  been  exhibited. 
The  church  was  sometimes  locked  against  him,  when  he  preached  in  barns, 
or  crowded  houses,  or  under  trees,  or  on  the  doorsteps  of  the  church.  On 
one  occasion,  when  in  the  church,  the  chorister,  who  sat  below  the  pulpit 
and  in  those  days  gave  out  the  hymns,  in  order  to  prevent  his  preaching, 
gave  out  the  whole  of  the  119th  Psalm,  which  would  have  taken  all  day  to 
sing.  But  Mr.  Goetschius  had  the  courage  to  stop  the  proceedings.  The 
neighboring  ministers  also  (Boel,  etc.),  who  were  opposed  to  his  ordina- 
tion, rebaptized  the  children  whom  he  had  baptized.  Yet  God  accepted  his 
ministry,  giving  him  while  on  Long  Island,  and  before  his  reordination.  as 
well  as  frequently  after,  great  revivals.  His  occasional  services  at  New 
Paltz  were  also  greatly  blessed. 

When  he  removed  to  Hackensack  new  difficulties  awaited  him.  He  was 
called  as  the  colleague  of  Mr.  Curtenius.  The  latter,  while  favorable  to 
the  Ccetus,  seems  to  have  been  among  the  more  conservative  members,  and 
ultimately  opposed  the  proposition  for  a  Classis.  The  two  colleagues,  there- 
fore, represented  the  conservative  and  progressive  elements.  Indeed,  the 
anti-Ccetus  party  on  Long  Island  soon  called  Curtenius  there  after  they  had 
driven  Goetschius  away. 

Mr.  Goetschius  and  his  friends,  embracing  all  the  elders  and  deacons  at 
Hackensack,  procured  a  charter  from  the  Governor  to  assess  the  expenses 
of  the  church  on  the  pews.  Domine  Goetschius  had  not  received  his  full 
salary  when  he  left  Long  Island.  This,  with  the  ecclesiastical  questions 
about  ordination,  fully  split  the  church,  and  was  the  foundation  of  those  un- 
happy differences  cherished  by  the  parties  which  led,  in  connection  with 
other  causes,  seventy  years  later,  to  the  secession,  and  the  organization  of 
the  "True  Reformed  Dutch  Church,"  as  they  styled  themselves.  Mr. 
Goetschius  was  blessed  again  in  New  Jersey  by  a  precious  revival  of  re- 
ligion. He  was  a  learned,  pious,  and  godly  man,  and  a  faithful  and  suc- 
cessful preacher  of  the  Gospel.  He  instructed  several  young  men  for  the 
ministry,  such  as  Dirck  Romeyn,  Thos.  Romeyn,  Sol.  Froeligh,  John  Leydt. 
Verbeck,  Benj.  Du  Bois,  the  younger  Frelinghuyseiis.  and  Martinus  and 
Henricus  Schoonmaker.  He  was  also  one  of  the  first  trustees  of  Queens 
College.  His  ministry  was  exactly  contemporary  with  the  great  dispute 
concerning  Hollandish  or  American  ordination.  When  he  first  settled  on 
Long  Island  he  gave  great  offense  by  preaching  on  the  text,  "The  Unknown 
God,"  reflecting  on  the  personal  piety  of  many  of  the  people.  They  in  turn 
started  slanderous  charges  against  him,  which  could  not  be  sustained,  and 
then  started  those  questions  about  the  validity  of  his  ordination.  He  was  a 
man  of  deep  feeling  and  strong  passions,  it  being  said  that  once,  when 
resistance  was  apprehended  to  his  entering  the  church  at  Hackensack,  he 
buckled  on  his  sword,  and  thus  accoutred  entered  the  pulpit.  It  must  be 
remembered,  however,  that  it  was  not  unusual  for  even  a  minister  to  wear 


49^  THE    MINISTRY. 

a  sword,  sometimes  carrying  it  to  church  and  laying  it  behind  him  in  the 
pulpit  during  service. 

He  was  below  the  middle  size,  of  a  vigorous  constitution;  abrupt  in 
speech,  but  his  language  was  clear  and  expressive.  He  was  a  man  of  pro- 
found erudition,  a  thorough  Calvinist,  and  an  accomplished  theologian. — 
"Amst.  Cor."  Many  letters,  especially  between  1743-50.  "Taylor's  An- 
nals of  CI.  of  Bergen."     "Strong's  Flatbush."     "Sprague's  Annals." 

Publications:     "De  Orbekende  God;   or,    The   Unknown  God"    (Acts 

17:23).     A  Sermon  preached  on  July  23,  1742.  at  ,  and  on  August  22, 

1742,  at  Newtown.  i8mo,  pp.  5.  1743.  (This  sermon  in  English,  but  appa- 
rently much  abbreviated,  in  the  "Banner  of  Truth,"  vol.  ii,  parts  6,  7.)  See 
also  "Rev.  Dr.  Jas.  L.  Good's  Hist.  Reformed  (Ger.)  Church,"  pages  173- 
190,  for  the  earlier  facts  in  the  life  of  Goetschius. 

Goetschius,  John  Mauritius  (brother  of  J.  H.  Goetschius),  b.  in  Canton  of 
Thurgau,  Switzerland,  July,  1724:  educated  as  a  physician;  c.  to  Amer- 
ica, 1744;  studied  for  the  ministry  under  his  brother;  lie.  by  Ccetus, 
1754;  Schoharie  (Ger.  and  Dutch),  1757-60,  Shawangunk  and  New 
Paltz,   1760-71,  d.  Mar.   17. 

He  at  once  began  to  practice  as  a  physician  at  Hackensack  on  his  arrival 
in  America,  but  was  persuaded  by  his  brother  to  prepare  for  the  ministry. 
He  warmly  espoused  the  cause  of  the  Ccetus.  Conferentie  complain  to 
Classis  (Nov.  9,  1756)  that  this  Goetschius  and  Henry  Frelinghuysen  have, 
without  any  call  or  commission,  officiated  for  more  than  two  years  as  min- 
isters of  congregations,  except  that  they  did  not  administer  the  sacraments ; 
that  Goetschius  had  said  at  last  meeting  of  the  Ccetus :  "We  have  been 
ciphers  long  enough ;  if  we  cannot  gain  our  end,  let  us  go  to  the  Presby- 
terians, whose  ordination  is  as  good  as  that  of  the  Netherlands  Church." 
The  Ccetus  approved  his  call  to  Schoharie,  Nov.  10.  1757,  and  he  was  or- 
dained and  installed  by  Vrooman  and  Theodore  Frelinghuysen  on  Dec.  14. 
Rev.  P.  N.  Semmer,  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  assisted.  He  preached  to 
both  the  Germans  and  Dutch  in  Schoharie,  and  also  practiced  medicine  all 
his  life.  His  field  of  labor  at  New  Paltz  extended  over  thirty  miles.  He 
was  large  and  commanding  in  person,  courteous  and  intelligent  in  his  inter- 
course with  others,  and  decided  in  his  opinions.  President  Stiles,  of  Yale 
College,  refers  in  his  journal  to  his  having  met  a  Rev.  Mr.  Huzius 
(Goetschius)  when  at  Kingston,  a  very  learned  man.  He  was  one  of  the 
original  trustees  of  Queens  College.  By  license  dated  Oct.  14,  1758,  he 
married  Catharine  Hagar.  of  Schoharie.  She  died  at  Shawangunk.  1785. 
See  "Stitts'  Hist,  of  Ch.  of  New  Paltz." 

Goetschius,  John  Mauritius,  studied  under  his  uncle,  J.  H.  G.  ?  Sought 
licensure  in  1773,  but  was  not  sufficiently  well  qualified.  In  1774  ru- 
mors against  him  again  delayed  his  license.  A  man  of  this  name 
joined  the  "Flying  Camp,"  in  N.  J.,  1776.  He  became  a  Major. — See 
"N.  J.  in  the  Revolution." 

Goetschius,  Stephen  (s.  of  J.  H.  Goetschius),  b.  about  1752;  studied  under 
his  father,  Livingston,  Westerlo,  and  Verbryck,  1.  by  Gen.  Meeting  of 


■  H  Ritchie 


^>^fe, 


THE    MINISTRY.  49J. 

Ministers  and  Elders,  1775;  New  Paltz  and  New  Hurley,  1775-96  (not 
ordained  till  June,  1777),  Marbletown  and  Shokan,  1796-1814,  Saddle 
River  and  Pascack,  1814-35,  d.  1837. 

He  was  instrumental  in  healing  the  breach  at  New  Paltz  which  the  ques- 
tions about  American  ordination  had  caused.  His  ministry  during  and 
immediately  after  the  Revolution  did  not  show  much  spiritual  fruit,  owing 
greatly  to  the  spirit  of  the  times.  He  was  small  of  stature  and  somewhat 
bent  in  form.  He  was  sharp  and  fearless  in  his  denunciation  of  sin.  After 
the  war,  he  organized  no  less  than  nine  churches  in  Ulster  County. 

Possessed  of  a  vigorous  constitution,  when  over  eighty  years  of  age  he 
could  yet  ride  on  horseback  between  his  two  charges.  He  never  became 
well  skilled  in  the  English  language.  He  loved  to  preach  in  Dutch.  He 
was  a  man  of  deep  thought,  holding  strongly  to  the  Calvinistic  doctrines, 
and  dwelling  much  on  experimental  religion,  election,  particular  atonement, 
depravity,  regeneration,  and  final  perseverance. — Rev.  John  Manley.  He 
was  teaching  a  Latin  school  at  New  Paltz,  1793.— "Ostrander's  Life,"  22. 

Goetschius,  Stephen  Z.,  b.  1795,  at  New  Paltz  (s.  of  Stephen  Goetschius), 
studied  under  Froleigh,  1.  CI.  Paramus,  1819;  Miss,  at  Manheim,  1822, 
seceded,  1823,  Danube  and  Osquak,  1823-4,  suspended.  (Report  Miss. 
Soc,  1823,  p.  8.)  Re-entered  R.D.C.  as  a  candidate  of  the  Classis  of 
Paramus,  April  16,  1828.  Canastota,  S.S.,  1836-7,  afterward  in  the 
West. 

Gorby,  I.  I.,  S.S.  at  Pekin.  111.,  1892-3. 

Gordon,  M.  R.,  Schaghticoke,  1890-4,  Glenville,  2d,   1895-1900,  w.  c. 

Gordon,  William  R.,  b.  N.  Y.  C,  Mar.  9,  181 1 ;  N.Y.U.  34,  N.B.S.  37,  1.  CI. 
N.Y. ;  North  Hempstead,  Jan.,  38-42,  Flushing,  42-9,  Houston  St., 
N.  Y.  C,  49-58,  Schraalenburgh,  58-80,  w.  c.  Died  March  30,  1897. 
S.T.D.  by  C.C.  1859. 

When  he  was  six  years  old  he  lost  his  father;  and  after  a  boyhood 
passed  in  New  York,  he  went  to  Newburgh.  He  was  taught  and  trained  in 
a  religious  household.  At  about  twelve  years  of  age  he  applied  for  admis- 
sion to  full  communion  in  the  Associate  Reformed  Church.  He  recited  the 
Shorter  Catechism  word  for  word,  before  the  elders,  and  gave  such  an 
account  of  his  experience  and  purpose,  that  they  declared  his  examination 
to  be  perfectly  satisfactory,  but  that  he  was  too  young  to  be  received  to 
the  Lord's  table.  He  thereupon  made  application  to  one  of  the  Reformed 
Dutch  Churches  in  New  York  City,  and  was  received  into  full  communion. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  first  class  that  graduated  from  the  New  York 
University  in  1834.  Washington  Irving  was  present  at  the  exercises.  He 
was  a  ripe  scholar  and  an  able  preacher.  His  sermons  were  products  of 
careful  thought  and  study,  and  his  style  was  perspicuous,  direct,  and  vigor- 
ous. While  scant  of  illustration  and  ornament,  or  of  graceful  delivery,  they 
yet  fastened  the  attention  and  secured  the  interest  of  all  thinking  people. 
He  set  forth  the  doctrines  of  grace  with  uncommon  force,  and  when  occa- 
sion offered  could  not  resist  sharp  dealing  with  gainsayers.  His  strength 
was  in  addressing  the  understanding,  rather  than  in  moving  the  feelings. 


494  THE    MINISTRY. 

He  was  more  widely  known  through  the  church  as  a  writer  than  as  a 
preacher.  His  mind  was  one  of  native  strength  and  thorough  discipline. 
It  was  acute  and  of  polemic  cast.  He  delighted  in  controversy  in  defence 
of  what  he,  in  his  heart,  believed  to  be  the  truth,  and  he  did  not  disdain  to 
use  sarcasm  as  a  weapon.  While  he  enjoyed  the  discomfiture  of  an  oppo- 
nent, he  was  innocent  of  personal  bitterness.  Sometimes  his  sharp  arrows 
would  strike  a  friend,  but  he  was  none  the  less  a  friend  for  that.  Those 
who  knew  him  intimately  can  testify  that  no  man  was  ever  more  faithful  to 
his  friends,  or  more  ready  to  make  personal  sacrifices  in  order  to  do  them 
service.  Much  that  those  who  were  strangers  to  him  would  criticise  will 
readily  be  overlooked  by  those  who  knew  his  zeal  for  the  truth,  his  earnest- 
ness of  contention  for  the  faith  once  delivered  to  the  saints,  and  his  kindli- 
ness of  heart  as  well.  None  of  his  parishioners  could  be  in  distress  with- 
out awakening  his  sympathy  and  commanding  his  generous  help.  "Mints. 
Gen.  Syn.,"  1897,  77^- 

Publications:  "A  Rebuke  to  High  Churchism,"  1844.  "The  Supreme 
•Godhead  of  Christ,"  1848.  Second  edition,  enlarged,  1858.  "A  Guide  to 
Children  in  Reading  the  Scriptures."  A  Prize  Essay,  1852.  "A  True 
Report  of  the  Last  Trial  of  Rev.  J.  S.  Ebaugh,"  etc.,  in  Classis  of  New 
York,  1852.  Published  anonymously.  (See  also  "Protest  of  Consistory  of 
German  Reformed  Church,  Appellants,  to  Particular  Synod  vs.  Classis," 
1852.)  "A  Certified  Report  of  the  Investigation  of  the  Case  of  Rev.  G.  I. 
Garretson  Before  Classis  of  Geneva,"  1853.  Published  anonymously. 
"Particular  Providence  in  Distinction  from  General,  etc.  Illustrated  in 
the  History  of  Joseph,"  1855.  Second  edition,  1856.  Third  edition,  1863. 
(See  "Princeton  Review,"  xxix,  155.)  "A  Threefold  Test  of  Modern 
Spiritualism,"  1856.  "Reformation;  or,  Removal  of  the  Candlestick."  A 
Sermon  in  behalf  of  Domestic  Missions,  preached  before  the  General 
Synod.  1857.  An  edition  of  30,000  copies  published  in  "The  Sower," 
N.  Y.,  1857.  "The  Peril  of  Our  Ship  of  State,"  1861.  "The  Folly  of  Our 
Speculations":  A  New  Year  Sermon,  1861.  "Strictures  on  a  Recent 
Sermon  by  Rev.  J.  H.  Van  Dyke,  in  Vindication  of  American  Slavery," 
1861.  "Reliance  on  God  Our  Hope  of  Victory,"  1861.  "Realizing  Eternity." 
On  the  Death  of  Rev.  Alex.  McClelland.  D.D.,  Prof,  of  Oriental  Languages, 
etc.,  1865.  "Christocracy."  Essays  on  the  Coming  and  Kingdom  of 
Christ.  1867.  (Dr.  J.  T.  Demarest,  joint  author.)  Second  edition,  1879. 
A  Tract  in  Answer  to  the  Romish  Tract,  "Is  it  Honest?"  (Am.  and  For. 
Chn.  Union.)  A  Tract  on  the  School  Question.  "Controversy  with  a 
Romish  Priest,"  growing  out  of  Tract  (No.  15).  Youngstovvn,  Ohio,  1868. 
Essay  on  the  "Nature  of  the  Controversy  Between  Protestantism  and 
Romanism,"  "St.  Louis  Presbyterian,"  1868.  "The  Reformed  Church  in 
America:  Its  History,  Doctrines,  and  Government,"  1869.  Published  anony- 
mously. "Croquet;  or,  Social  Prayer  Illustrated,"  1870.  "The  Church  and 
Her  Sacraments,"  1870.  "The  Hope  Set  Before  Us,"  1872.  "The  Immor- 
tality of  Character;"  On  the  Death  of  Rev.  Eben  S.  Hammond,  1873. 
"Peter  Never  at  Koine.'*  An  Essay  ir.  "St.  Louis  Presbyterian,"  1878. 
An  Autumnal  Sermon,  1873.  "We  All  Do  Fade  as  a  Leaf."  (In 
"Sower.")     "Life  of  Henry  Ostrander.  D.D.,"  187?.     (With  selections  of 


s^ 


THE    MINISTRY.  495 

his  sermons.)  "The  Sin  of  Reviling  and  Its  Work" :  On  the  Death  of 
President  Lincoln.  1865.  N.  Y. :  1875.  Various  Essays  for  "St.  Louis 
Presbyterian,"  and  for  "Central  Presbyterian,"  at  Richmond,  Va.  "Re- 
vealed Truth  Impregnable."     The  Vedder  Lectures,  1878. 

Gosman,  John,  b.  1784,  in  N.  Y.  C. ;  C.C.  1801,  studied  under  Mason  and 
Proudfit,  1.  Presbyt.  of  Washington,  1804  (supplied  Lansingburgh  and 
other  chs.  1804-8)  ;  Kingston  and  Hurley,  1808-11,  Kingston,  11-35, 
Philadelphia,  2d  (8th  St.),  35-6,  Westerlo,  S.S.  36-8  (Port  Byron, 
Presbyt.  38-41),  supplied  Coeymans  and  New  Baltimore,  41-2,  Hudson, 
42-53,  Flatbush,  Ulster  Co.,  54-9,  d.  1865.  Elected  a  trustee  of  R.C. 
1825.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1833. 

For  the  benefit  of  his  health,  the  first  four  years  of  his  ministry  were 
spent  in  itinerating.  He  was  among  the  most  artless  of  men,  and  trans- 
parent in  his  beautiful  simplicity  of  character.  Having  nothing  to  conceal, 
and  no  by-ends  of  his  own  to  serve,  he  was  under  no  temptation  to  assume 
disguises.  To  his  generous,  childlike  nature,  nothing  was  more  alien  or 
distasteful  than  the  schemes  of  a  selfish  ambition,  or  the  manoeuvres  inci- 
dent thereto.  And  this  guileless  candor  and  disinterested  openness  of  soul 
was  one  reason  of  the  strong  hold  which  he  acquired,  and  never  lost,  on  the 
love  and  confidence  of  his  fellowmen. 

He  also  possessed  a  most  genial,  social  disposition.  Fond  of  books,  he 
was  not  a  recluse.  Few  men  delighted  more  in  the  converse  of  friends,  or 
were  more  sought  after,  on  all  occasions  of  joy  and  of  sorrow.  In  the 
house  of  feasting  a  fine,  perennial  vivacity,  lighting  up  into  a  cheerful  glow 
the  mingled  dignity  and  cordial  affability  of  his  address,  together  with  a 
wit  ever  ready  and  pointed,  but,  at  the  same  time,  unfailing  in  its  benignant 
kindliness,  made  him,  indeed,  a  welcome  guest;  while  his  quick,  gushing 
sympathies,  gentle  bearing,  tender  tones,  and  deep,  experimental  acquaint- 
ance with  all  the  sources  of  consolation  in  the  Gospel  and  at  the  mercy- 
seat,  made  his  presence  even  more  a  delight  in  the  chambers  of  sickness 
and  death.         | 

His  labors  also  were  abundant.  Besides  those  connected  with  a  large 
and  growing  charge,  he  was  at  all  times  the  generous  helper  of  his  breth- 
ren, and  was  equally  prompt  in  responding  to  the  ever-recurring  appeals  for 
his  services,  on  occasions  of  special  public  interest,  throughout  the  county. 
He  dedicated  more  than  twenty  churches.  He  held  a  species  of  voluntary 
episcopate  in  Ulster  County,  such  as  none  could  well  object  to — an  episco- 
pate of  brotherly  kindness  and  helpfulness — one  as  freely  accorded  to  his 
personal  qualities  and  professional  distinction,  as  it  was  ever  exercised  by 
him  in  the  spirit  of  wisdom.  In  the  treatment  of  his  texts  he  was  always 
full  and  instructive,  abundant  in  illustration,  and  with  language  drawn 
from  the  purest  "wells  of  English  undefiled."  His  delicate  taste — correct, 
too,  as  it  was  delicate — with  his  intimate  knowledge  of  our  standard 
authors,  gave  to  the  language  he  used  a  charm  of  simplicity  which,  like  the 
sparkle  of  a  gem,  attracted  the  notice  of  the  least  cultivated,  as  -well  as  of 
the  educated  portions  of  his  hearers.  A  remarkably  retentive  memory,  too, 
which  enabled  him  to  summon,  at  his  command,  the  choicest  thoughts  and 


4y6  THE    MINISTRY. 

phrases  of  his  favorite  authors  in  both  poetry  and  prose,  gave  often  to  his 
own  fervent  discourse  the  power  derived  from  association,  and  imparted  to 
it  a  ray  of  light  to  bring  out  in  fuller  measure  its  own  inherent  strength 
and  beauty.  In  aptness  of  quotation  and  of  allusion  to  incidents  bearing  on 
his  subject,  in  either  sacred  or  profane  history,  he  had  few  equals.  He 
was,  therefore,  a  popular  preacher.  Yet,  from  his  modesty  and  unobtrusive 
habits,  his  reputation  as  a  pulpit  orator  was  confined  chiefly  to  his  own 
denomination. 

He  possessed  peculiar  unction  in  prayer.  Whether  at  the  family  altar  or 
in  the  pulpit,  by  his  fervor  and  earnestness,  in  language  glowing  with  the 
poetry  of  the  Psalmist,  and  bright  with  the  beauty  of  holiness,  ever  most 
appropriate  to  the  occasion,  he  seemed  almost  at  times  to  carry  the  souls  of 
his  hearers  with  his  own  up  to  and  through  the  very  gates  of  heaven. 

He  was  unusually  successful  in  raising  money  for  benevolent  societies  or 
purposes.  Principally  instrumental  in  organizing  the  Ulster  County  Bible 
Society,  it  became,  through  his  efforts,  one  of  the  most  flourishing  and  lib- 
eral. For  our  seminary  and  college  at  New  Brunswick  he  made  his  tours 
among  the  churches,  and  brought  in  large  and  unexpected  offerings.  See 
"Memorial.''  containing  addresses  or  tributes  by  Drs.  T.  De  Witt.  Sprague, 
Gaston,  Holmes,  Lillie,  Vermilye,  etc. 

Publications:  "A  Family  Prayer-Book. "  "Questions  on  the  Gospels 
and  Acts,  for  Bible  Classes."  "Sermon  at  the  Funeral  of  Rev.  J.  C.  Van- 
dervoort."  "Sermon  at  the  Funeral  of  Professor  James  Cannon,  D.D." 
An  article  on  "Nearing  Home"  (Presb.  Board).  Articles  in  "Sprague's 
Annals  of  American  Reformed  D.  Pulpit,"  on  Rev.  Elias  Van  Benschoten 
and  Rev.  Dr.  Jacob  Brodhead. 

Gowen.  Isaac  Wm..  b.  New  Brunswick.  N.  J..  Dec.  29.  1858;  R.C.  79. 
N.B.S.    83,    1.    CI.    N.B. ;    Cold    Spring.    N.    Y.,    83-5.    New    Durham. 

1885 

Publications:     Ed.  of  "Mission  Field,"   1888-92.     Assoc.   Ed.  of  "Ch. 

Int.,"  1886-7.     "Exposition  of  S.S.  Lessons,"  1890 

Graham.  Jas.  Edward,  b.  Catskill,  N.  Y..  July  22,  1849;  R-C.  71.  N.B.S. 
76,  1.  CI.  Schoharie;  Cherry  Hill,  N.  J..  78-80.  Greenville.  N.  Y.,  80-9. 
Amity.  1889 

Gramm.  GuSTAVUS  E.  Gym.  of  Halle.  Prus..  1844,  tutor,  44-56.  1.  CI. 
Maryland  (G.R.).  57  (Baltimore,  5th,  G.R.,  56-9.  Bethlehem's  Ch.  of 
Philadelphia,  59-61)  ;  Philadelphia,  4th.  1862-7.  w.  c. 

Grant,  Henry  J.,  R.C.  1865.  N.B.S.  68,  1.  CI.  Geneva:  traveled  in  Europe, 
Syria,  and  Palestine.  1868-70;  on  account  of  ill-health  had  license  re- 
voked about  1872.     An  insurance  agent  at  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

Grant,  William  D..  b.  Aberdeen.  Scotland,  Sept.  29.  1853:  Univ.  Toronto. 
80-3;  Knox  Coll..  Ontario.  84:  U.T.S.  S7 :  ord.  by  Presbyt.  N.  Y..  88 
(assist,  pastor,  Broome  St.  Tab..  N.  Y.  C.  87-9)  :  South  Bergen.  Jersey 
City.  80-96:  in  Europe.  1897.     Ph.D..  U.N.Y..   1893. 

Grasmeer,  Wilhelmus  (son-in-law  of  J.  MegapolensisV  Grafdyck.  Holland. 
16.. -49.  suspended;  c.  to  America.  1651:  Renssclacrwyck.  1651-2.  re- 
turned to  Holland. 


THE    MINISTRY.  4Q7 

The  church  of  Rensselaerwyck  having  lost  the  services  of  Megapolensis, 
by  his  removal  to  New  Amsterdam,  was  exceedingly  anxious  for  a  pastor. 
But  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  could  not  immediately  succeed  in  finding 
one.  Grasmeer  had  been  suspended,  and  perhaps  deposed,  by  the  Classis 
of  Alckmaer,  for  drunkenness,  quarreling,  and  other  things.  Without  per- 
mission of  his  Classis  he  determined  to  come  to  America,  having  secured 
certificates  from  Rev.  Mr.  Knyff  and  his  own  former  Consistory.  The 
Classis  of  Amsterdam  wrote  letters  to  its  two  churches  in  America,  warn- 
ing them  against  him.  Nevertheless,  the  church  of  Rensselaerwyck  was 
induced  by  the  certificates  to  accept  him  as  their  pastor.  Upon  his  first 
arrival  he  had  accompanied  Stuyvesant  on  his  expedition  to  the  South 
River,  in  July,  1651.  ("Col.  Hist.  N.  Y.,"  i,  597,  599,  600.)  He  preached 
with  acceptance  to  the  people.  But  the  Synod  of  North  Holland  confirmed 
his  suspension,  and  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  again  wrote  to  him,  and  to 
the  two  churches,  directing  them  no  longer  to  countenance  him,  and  com- 
manding him  to  return.  In  this  *hey  were  sustained  by  the  West  India 
Company.  In  1652  he  accordingly  went  back  to  Holland,  with  warm  testi- 
monials, asking  that  he  might  be  qualified  to  return.     This  was  not  granted. 

Gray,  Andrew,  studied  under  Livingston,  lie.  by  Synod  of  R.  D.  Chs.  1790; 
Poughkeepsie,  1790-4,  Miss,  to  the  Susquehanna  Region  (Hanover), 
1793-96,  Danville,  Angelica,  Sharon,  Karr  Valley,  and  Tuscarora,  1797- 
1819. 

He  was  driven  from  his  home  by  the  British,  in  the  war,  and  his  books 
and  property  destroyed  ;  d.  1819.  "Mints.  CI.  N.  B.,"  ii,  33,  54,  72,  77,  104, 
etc.  An  interesting  letter  from,  1809,  in  "Christians'  Mag.,"  iii,  105.  See 
also  "Centen.  Disc,"  509. 

Gray,  John,  b.  at  Aberdeen,  Scotland,  1792,  educated  and  ordained  in  Scot- 
land, about  1815  (Miss,  in  Russian  Tartary,  1818-25,  Dom.  Miss,  in 
England,  1825-33),  c.  to  America,  1833;  Fallsburgh  (Woodbourne), 
33-5,  Schodack,  35-46,  Cohoes,  47-8,  Ghent,  1st,  48-55,  Cicero,  56-7,  d. 
1865.     See  "Manual"  of  1879. 

Gray,  William,  Tyre,  1839-46. 

Green,  Elijah  Warner,  b.  New  Lebanon,  N.  Y..  March  8,  1856;  U.C.  82, 
Hartford  Sem.  85,  lie.  Presb.  Westchester,  84  (Presbyt.  Miss,  in  Utah, 
85-92,  Superintendent  of  Public  Schools  in  Utah,  90-3,  Presbyt.  Ch.. 
Oskaloosa.  Kan.,  93-4)  ;  New  Salem.  N.  Y..  94-6,  Philadelphia.  2d, 
96-8,  Keyport.  N.  J.,  98-1901,  Livingston,  N.  Y.,  1901 

Gregory,  Oscar  H.,  b.  Hobart,  Delaware  Co.,  N.  Y..  Aug.  27,  1809;  Amherst 
Coll.  28,  P.S.  and  N.B.S.  31.  1-  CI.  N.B. :  Farmerville,  N.  Y.,  31-38, 
Washington  and  Gibbonsville  (West  Troy,  South,  and  North).  38-43, 
West  Troy.  North,  43-70,  w.  c.  D.D.  by  U.C.  1853.  Pies,  of  Gen. 
Synod  i860.     Died  Dec.  11.  1885. 

Remarkably  genial  by  nature,  open-hearted  and  generous,  lie  was.  far 
above  all  these,  faithful  unto  Christ.  As  a  man,  he  governed  himself  by 
the  law  of  subjection  to  Christ.     In  society  he  advocated  the  principles  of 


498  THE    MINISTRY. 

the  Gospel  as  the  only  safe  foundation  for  the  state,  and  for  the  social  inter- 
course of  men  with  one  another.  He  looked  at  all  questions  of  church 
government  and  work  in  the  light  of  Christ's  law.  He  never  sought  to 
honor  himself  in  the  administration  of  his  office,  but  Christ.  He  was  noted 
for  his  fidelity  to  Christ  in  all  things.  Others  might  have  been  more 
brilliant  in  the  pulpit,  more  profound  in  philosophy,  may  have  had  a  wider 
secular  learning,  but  none  were  more  faithful  to  the  Master  and  to  the 
flock.  In  his  private  conversation,  in  his  pastoral  work,  in  his  social  inter- 
course, in  the  pulpit,  in  ecclesiastical  meetings,  he  ever  hid  himself  behind 
his  Master,  and  was  satisfied  if  men  saw  and  heeded  the  truth.  "Fun.  Ser. 
by  Dr.  J.  W.  Beardslee." 

Publications:  "Sermon  on  the  Death  of  David  A.  Abrahams,  Esq.,  a 
Ruling  Elder  at  West  Troy,"  1844.  Essay  on  "Fashion,"  "Am.  Magazine." 
"Sermon  on  the  Death  of  Martin  Whitbeck,  Esq.,  a  Ruling  Elder  at  West 
Troy,"  1858.  "The  Glory  of  God's  House."  "A  Sermon  at  the  Re-dedi- 
cation of  Church  at  Farmer  Village,"  1857.  "Memoir  of  Andrew  Meneely, 
Esq.,"     American  Tract  Society. 

Gregory.  Thos.  B.,  c.  from  England,  1833,  1.  Presbyt.  of  Onondaga,  1833 ; 
Canastota,  S.S.,  1834-5,  Prattsville,  1836-40,  Oyster  Bay,  1841-4,  Gra- 
hamville,  1844-8,  Miss,  at  Hoboken.  1850-4,  Huguenots,  S.  I.,  1855-60, 
w.  c.     D.  1871. 

Publications  :  "Ezekiel's  Wheel ;  or.  Providence  of  God  in  the  Govern- 
ment of  the  World,"  1857,  1859. 

Griffin,  Walter  Timothy,  b.  1852  at  Flatbush,  Ulster  Co.,  N.  Y. ;  R.C. 
1875,  N.B.S.  1878;  lie.  CI.  Ulster;  Jersey  City,  Central  Av.,  1878-81, 
Bedford,  Brooklyn,  81-6,  at  Limoges,  France,  since  1886,  as  Consul. 

Publications  :  "The  Homes  of  Our  Country,  Centres  of  Moral  and 
Religious  Influence,"  1881,  pp.  640. 

Griffis,  Wm.  Elliot,  b.  in  Philadelphia,  Sept.  17,  1843 ;  RC.  69,  N.B.S.  69- 
70;  in  charge  of  Knox  Mem.  Chapel,  N.  Y.  C,  May- Nov.,  70;  in  Gov- 
ernment Educational  Work  in  Japan,  70-4,  U.  S.,  75-7 ;  lie.  Manhattan 
Cong.  Assoc,  April  3,  77,  and  by  CI.  Schenectady,  May  22,  77 ;  Sche- 
nectady, 1st,  77-86  (Boston,  Mass.,  Shawmut  Cong.  Ch.,  86-93,  Ithaca, 

N.  Y.,  1st  Cong.  Ch.,  1893 )     D.D.  by  U.C.  1886.    L.H.D.  by  R.C. 

1899. 
He  is  a  descendant,  on  his  father's  side,  of  Devonshire  and  Nottingham- 
shire English  stock,  and  on  his  mother's  side,  of  German-Swiss  stock.  His 
English  ancestors  were  merchant  navigators  for  six  or  more  generations. 
As  a  sea  captain,  his  father  visited  almost  all  the  great  islands  of  the 
Pacific  Ocean.  During  his  college  course,  Mr.  Griffis  received  five  prizes 
in  oratory,  English  compositions,  and  science.  He  began  his  travels  in 
1869,  first  visiting  Great  Britain.  About  that  time  Japanese  students  began 
to  flock  to  America,  in  whom  he  took  great  interest.  In  1870  the  first 
application  came  from  Japan,  for  young  men,  to  teach  physical  science.  In 
that  year,  one  of  the  most  progressive  of  the  300  feudal   rulers  of  that 


THE    MINISTRY. 


499 


country  invited  Mr.  Griffis  to  enter  upon  that  work.  He  accepted  the  call, 
and  organized  a  school  on  the  American  model  at  Fukui.  He  lived  there 
for  about  a  year,  witnessing  Japanese  customs  never  before  seen  by  an 
American.  He  also  helped  to  organize  schools  in  the  province  of  Achizen, 
now  the  terminus  of  the  railroad  across  Niphon.  Many  of  his  students 
have  since  become  prominent  officers  in  the  Japanese  Government.  All  his 
personal  relations  with  the  Japanese  people  were  of  a  most  pleasant  kind. 
He  journeyed  through  central  and  northern  Japan,  inspecting  their  mines, 
gum  factories,  oil  wells,  silk-reeling  apparatus,  etc.  It  was  at  this  time 
that  the  old  feudal  system  was  broken  up,  and  everything  was  centralized 
under  the  Mikado.  The  baron  who  had  invited  him  to  Fukui  was  now 
summoned  to  Tokyo.  Here  he  proposed  that  a  Polytechnic  School  should 
be  established,  and  Dr.  Griffis  was  invited  to  undertake  the  work.  The 
plan  was  subsequently  carried  cut.  Meantime  he  was  invited  to  the  Chair 
of  Physical  Sciences  in  the  Imperial  University.  There  he  remained  three 
years.  He  had  an  audience  with  the  Emperor,  and  became  acquainted  with 
most  of  the  members  of  the  Cabinet,  who  led  the  nation  to  its  modern 
position.  For  two  years  of  this  time  his  oldest  sister  was  with  him,  and 
the  daughters  as  well  as  the  sons  of  the  prominent  Japanese  were  enter- 
tained at  his  house.  He  was  made  a  member  of  their  learned  societies,  and 
was  permitted  to  travel  extensively  through  the  country.  He  collected 
many  rare  books  in  the  Japanese  language,  and  has.  probably,  the  finest 
collection  of  general  works  on  Japan  in  Christendom.  Upon  his  return  to 
America  he  spent  a  couple  of  years  in  lecturing,  and  then  completed  his 
theological  course  at  Union  Seminary,  and  has  been  settled  as  above  indi- 
cated. He  has  been  an  unwearied  student,  as  the  following  list  of  his 
publications  shows.  His  proximity  to  the  libraries  of  Albany.  Boston,  and 
Ithaca  has  been  of  great  service  to  him  in  his  varied  researches.  He  has 
visited  Europe  six  times,  viz.,  in  1869.  1891,  1892,  1895,  1898.  and  1900.  By 
special  invitation  he  was  present  at  the  coronation  of  Queen  Wilhelmina,  of 
Holland,  because  of  his  writings  on  Dutch  history. 

He  is  one  of  the  three  American  members  of  the  Netherlandish  Society 
of  Letters  at  Leyden  (Mattschappi  der  Nederlansche  Letterkunde  te  Lei- 
den), and  of  the  American  Institute  of  Arts  and  Letters. 

Publications  :  Editor  of  "Our  Sabbath  School  Messenger."  Philadel- 
phia, 1865.  (Published  for  Sabbath-schools  of  Second  Reformed  Church.) 
Editor  and  one  of  the  founders  of  "The  Targum,"  the  Rutgers  College 
newspaper.  Contributions  to  the  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  from  1866  to 
the  present  time.  The  New  "Japan  Primers"  and  "Readers,"  San  Fran- 
cisco: 1872-1873.  "Guide  Books  to  Yokohama  and  Tokio."  Yokohama: 
1874.  Various  contributions  to  periodicals  on  "Life  and  Education  in 
Japan,"  and  revision  of  maps  and  gazetteer  articles  on  "Japan"  in  the 
standard  text-books  of  America  and  Great  Britain.  1875.  "The  Mikado's 
Empire,"  8vo,  pp.  625,  N.  Y. :  1876;  9th  edition,  with  additions,  pp.  677, 
N.  Y.:  1899.  Various  articles  on  "Japan  and  Oriental"  subjects  in  the 
encyclopaedias.  Article  on  "Japan  in  the  Manual  of  Missions  of  Reformed 
Church  in  America."    "Manual  and  Directory  of  First  Reformed  Church 


500  THE    MINISTRY. 

at  Schenectady."  1878.  "Memorial  volume  (53  pages  by  W.  E.  G.,  and  231 
pages  by  Prof.  Pearson),  at  the  200th  anniversary  of  1st  Reformed 
Church.  Schenectady,"  1880.  Various  papers  on  Japan  before  learned  so- 
cieties and  printed  in  their  proceedings.  1874-1901.  "Japanese  Fairy 
World."  1880.  "Asiatic  History"  ("Chautauqua  Text-Book."  1881). 
"Corea :  The  Hermit  Nation,"  1880.  "Arendt  Van  Curler,  Founder  of 
Schenectady  and  of  the  Dutch  Policy  of  Peace  with  the  Indians,"  1884. 
"Corea:  Without  and  Within,"  1885.  "The  Rutgers'  Graduates  in  Japan," 
1885.  Sermon:  "Abraham's  Day  and  Christ's."  1886.  "Matthew  Calbraith 
Perry:  A  Typical  American  Naval  Officer."  1887.  "The  Lily  Among 
Thorns:  A  Study  of  the  Biblical  Drama  Entitled  'The  Song  of  Songs.'" 
1889.  "Honda,  the  Samurai."  1890.  "Sir  William  Johnson  and  the  Six 
Nations,"  1891.  "The  Influence  of  the  Netherlands  in  the  Making  of  the 
Fnglish  Commonwealth  and  the  American  Republic"  (20,000  copies  print- 
ed). 1892.  "Japan  in  History,  Folk  Lore  and  Art."  "Massachusetts:  A 
Typical  American  Commonwealth"  Cfor  the  Columbian  World's  Fair  at 
Chicago),  1893.  "The  Validity  of  Congregational  Ordination"  ("The 
Dudleian  Lecture"  at  Harvard  University),  1893.  "Brave  Little  Holland 
and  What  She  Taught  Us,"  1894.  "The  Religions  of  Japan"  ("The  Morse 
Lectures"  in  Union  Theological  Seminary  for  1894),  1895.  "The  Responsi- 
bility of  Christian  Government  as  to  the  Citizen  Rights  of  Missionaries," 
1895.  "Townsend  Harris.  First  American  Envoy  in  Japan,"  1895.  "The 
Romance  of  Discovery,"  1897.  "The  Pilgrims  in  Their  Three  Homes," 
1808.  "The  Student's  Motley,"  1898.  "The  Romance  of  Colonization." 
1898.  "Charles  Carleton  Coffin,  War  Correspondent,  Traveler,  Author, 
Statesman,"  1898.  "America  in  the  East."  1899.  "The  American  in  Hol- 
land." 1899.  "The  Romance  of  Conquest."  1899.  "The  Pathfinders  of  the 
Revolution,"  icoo.  "Verbeck  of  Japan:  A  Citizen  of  No  Country."  T900. 
"In  the  Mikado's  Service,"  1901. 

Many  of  Dr.  Griffis'  contributions  to  literature  have  been  translated  into 
Dutch  and  Japanese. 

Griswold,  John  Valentine,  b.  Mich.,  1837:  U.C.  1865,  U.S.  1868  (Washing- 
tonville,  N.  Y..  Presb.,  1868-71)  ;  Miss,  pastor  of  Bethany  Chapel. 
Brooklyn,  1871-2  (Port  Jefferson.  L.  I.,  1872 ) 

Groenveld.  John  C.     Fynaart  and  Saugatuck,  81-2,  suspended   for  schism. 

Grootenhuis,  see  Te  Grootenhuis. 

Gruys,  Wm.  S.,  b.  Zaandam,  Neths.,  Ap.  9,  1868;  H.C.  95.  W.S.  98,  1.  CI. 
Holland;  Bethany  (Sully,  111.),  1898 

Gros,  John  Daniel,  b.  in  Germany,  1737  (Northampton,  Allentown,  Egypt, 
Jordan,  and  Schlosser's  Church,  176.  .-70,  Saucon  and  Springfield,  1770- 
3)  ;  Kingston,  Ger.,  1773-1783.  Ger.  Ref.  N.  Y.  C,  1783-95,  Prof,  of 
Gen.  Lans.  and  Geography  in  Columbia  College.  1784-95,  Prof,  of 
Moral  Philosophy  in  Columbia  College,  1787-95  (Canajoharie  and  per- 
haps S.S.  at  Stone  Arabia,  1796- 1800)  ;  died  May  25.  1812.  Regent  of 
U.N.Y.  1784-7.  Trustee  of  Colum.  Col.  1787-92.  S.T.D.  by  C.C.  1789. 
He  had  been  a  pupil  of  Kern,  and  became  the  instructor  of  the  illustrious 

Milledoler.     During  the  Revolution   he  was  exposed  to  many  perils  as  a 


THE    MINISTRY.  i,OI 

pastor  of  a  church  on  the  frontier.  He  removed  to  New  York  State  on 
account  of  want  of  love,  stubborn  conduct,  neglect  to  attend  worship,  and 
non-payment  of  salary  of  his  churches  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  Chaplain 
of  the  regiment  of  levies  for  the  immediate  defence  of  the  state,  appointed 
by  the  N.  Y.  Council,  April  27,  1781,  under  Lieut.-Col.  Marinus  Willett. 
On  April  10,  1782,  he  was  appointed  Chaplain  to  two  regiments  of  levies 
for  the  defence  of  the  frontier  of  the  state.  ("Harbaugh's  Lives,"  ii,  391). 
Upon  his  removal  to  New  York  City,  he  published  "Natural  Principles  of 
Rectitude,  a  Systematic  Treatise  on  Moral  Philosophy,"  8vo,  1795.  He  be- 
came wealthy  by  buying  soldiers'  land  warrants.  The  last  ten  years  of  his 
life  were  spent  in  the  vicinity  of  Fort  Plain  on  a  farm.  See  "Dr.  Francis' 
Old  New  York,"  p.  47,  and  "Drake's  Cyc."  Also  Art.  Millendoler,  in 
"Sprague's  Annals." 

Guenther,  August,  Brooklyn,  Ch.  of  Jesus,  1893 

Guenther,  John   Charles,  b.   Newark,   N.  J.,   Oct.    12,    1858;    Col.   Dep. 

Bloomfield,  N.  J.,  76;  Theolog.  Dep.,  79;  U.S.  1879-80;  ord.  by  Presb.. 

Newark   (Holton,  Kan.    (Ger.),  80-3;  City  Missionary,   Philadelphia, 

83-4)  ;  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  ,  1884-5  (Ger.  Presb.,  Newark,  1885-6)  ; 

Brooklyn,  Ger.  Evang.,  1886-1900,  w.  c. 
Guldin,  John  C.  (great-grandson  of  Rev.  Samuel  Guldin,  the  Pietist),  b.  in 

Bucks  Co.,  Pa.,  1799,  studied  theology  under  Herman,  lie.  1820   (?); 

(Chester  and  Montgomery  Cos.,  Pa.,  20-41,  Franklin  Co.,  Pa.,  41-2)  ; 

N.   Y.    C.  Ger.   Evang.   Miss.,   Rivington  St.,  42-63,   d.     Also  General 

Missionary  to  the  Germans  in  N.  Y.  C,  42-52. 
He  was  the  Apostle  of  the  Germans  for  many  years.  The  master  of 
two  languages,  he  was  the  chief  link  between  the  American  and  German 
elements  in  the  American  church.  While  ministering  in  the  German 
churches  in  Pennsylvania,  he  experienced  a  great  change,  acquiring  new 
views  of  true  religion,  or  at  least  having  a  slumbering  piety  quickened.  He 
became,  henceforth,  indefatigable  in  his  labors,  and  with  tears  implored 
men  to  seek  Christ.  He  had  great  revivals.  He  moulded  the  religious 
character  of  his  churches,  especially  in  Pennsylvania,  where  the  population 
was  not  transient.  Yet  he  met  with  bitter  opposition.  The  church  doors 
were  sometimes  closed  against  him.  Then  he  would  preach  the  pure  Gos- 
pel of  Christ  from  the  stone  steps;  with  a  joyous,  childlike  welcome  he 
greeted  old  and  young  who  expressed  a  hope  in  Christ.  In  dealing  with 
opponents  to  the  Gospel,  he  was  perfectly  fearless;  when  deciding  on  the 
mode  of  preaching,  whether  to  adopt  the  metaphysical  style  of  answering 
error,  or  of  directly  preaching  Christ,  he  chose  unhesitatingly  the  latter. 
Hence  his  large  success. 

In  New  York  his  labors  were  Herculean.  Besides  the  charge  of  a  con- 
gregation, he  was  for  ten  years  General  Missionary  to  all  the  Germans, 
superintended  the  issue  of  German  publications  in  the  Tract  Society,  and 
was  the  general  counselor  and  patriarch  of  all  those  of  his  own  nationality 
who  came  to  our  shores.  He  also  was  the  principal  agent  in  the  prepara- 
tion of  the  German  Hymn  Book,  since  adopted  by  the  Presbyterians  for 
their  German  churches. 


502  THE   MINISTRY. 

He  was  greatly  grieved  at  the  defection  in  the  German  church  which 
began  to  show  itself  about  1845.  He  labored  diligently  to  show  them  their 
departure  from  the  Reformed  faith.  But  his  failures  in  this  direction  be- 
came a  powerful  reason  for  us  to  extend  our  organizations  among  the 
Germans.  Our  common  standards  made  us  the  natural  friends  of  the  Ger- 
man immigrants.  A  new  field  was  opened  up  to  our  Domestic  Missionary 
Board,  and  in  which  Brother  Guldin  became  peculiarly  useful  and  active: 
nothing  in  this  direction  was  done  without  his  counsel  and  advice. 

He  delighted  to  preach  the  Gospel ;  his  sermons  were  the  outpourings  of 
a  heart  that  had  a  rich  experience  of  the  Saviour's  love.  His  language  was 
chaste,  simple,  artless,  and  earnest;  seeking  not  the  garniture  of  rhetoric, 
yet  unsloven  in  style,  he  stood  before  his  people  a  weeping  prophet,  feeling 
like  Paul,  "I  travail  in  birth,  till  Christ  be  formed  within  you."  His  prayers 
were  all  heart,  which  could  not  let  the  Master  go.  He  was  a  friend  to 
everybody.  Even  the  children  of  his  charge,  when  seeing  him  pass  along 
the  street,  would  catch  his  hand,  or  pull  his  coat,  to  win  one  of  his  smiles. 
He  was  also  the  agent  of  bringing  many  young  men  into  the  ministry. 
See  "Memorial  Sermon"  by  Rev.  Dr.  Isaac  Ferris.  See  also  "Biography  of," 
by  Rev.  J.  M.  Wagner,  in  "Evangelisch  Historisch  Jahrbuch,"  1878.  "Ch. 
Int.,"  Feb.  26,  1863. 

Publications:     A  German  Hymn-Book.     Editor  of  German  Edition  of 
the  "Sower."     "Vol.  of  Sermons,  in  German,"  pp.  600,  1853. 
Gulick,  Albert  Voorhees,  b.  Somerset  Co.,  N.  J.,  1830;  R.C.  57.  N.B.S.  60. 
1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Jerusalem,  60-5,  also,  Union,  60-4,  and  Onisquethaw,  64-5, 
Spring   Lake,   111.,    66-72,    Norwood    Park,    72-82    (Wilmington,    111., 
Presbyt.,  82-9,  Killiam  City,  Wis.,  89-1895,  w.  c.) 
Gulick,  Alex.,  b.  N.  Y.  C,  1814;  R.C.  35,  PS.  35-7-  U.S.  38-9  (Mt.  Pleasant, 
Greenville,  and  Union,  O.,  40-4)  ;  Woodstock,  45-59,  West  Hurley,  59" 
64  (Bridgeville,  Del.,  66-8,  Jasper,  N.  Y.,  69-73,  Kingswood,  W.  Va., 
74-5)  ;  re-entered  R.C.A.  1875,  w.  c.     Died  Ap.  1,  1887.     See  "P.S.  Gen. 
Cat."  and  "U.S.  Cat."     "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1887,  436. 
Gulick,  Charles  Wyckoff,  b.  near  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  Oct.  22,  1865 ; 

R.C.  95,  N.B.S.  98.  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Montclair  Heights,  1898 

Gulick,   Jacob   I.     Blooming  Grove,   1884-7,   Tyre,  88-91,   Macon   and   S. 
Macon.  91-5,  Constantine,  95-8,  Fairview,   111.,  98-1900.   Pennsylvania 

Lane,  111.,  1901 

Gulick,  Nelson  J.     Gansevoort  and  Northumberland  (Bacon  Hill),  1893-5. 
Gulick,  Uriah  D..  b.  in  Somerset  Co.,  N.  J..  Sept.  iq.  1835 ;  R.C.  59.  N.B.S. 
62,  1.  CI.  N.B. :  Pekin.  111.,  62-70,  Norwood  Park,  70-2,  Chicago  (Am. 
Ref.),  72-5,  Brooklyn,  12th  st..  75-88,  Steinway,  90-1900,  w.  c. 
Gunn,  Alexander,  b.  1785.  C.C.  1805,  studied  under  Dr.  Kollock,  of  Prince- 
ton, and  Dr.  Rodgers,  of  N.  Y.  C.  lie.  by  Presbyt.  N.  Y..  1809;  Bloom- 
ingdale.  1800-20.  d.     A.M.  by  C.N.J.  1805.     S.T.D.  by  Allegheny  Col.. 
18.. 
He  was  led  to  enter  the  Reformed  Church   (though  brought  up  in  the 
Presbyterian),   that  he  might  be   settled  near  his   widowed   mother,   and 
Bloomingdale  remained  his  only  charge  for  the  twenty-one  years  of  his 


THE   MINISTRY.  503 

ministry.  He  possessed  an  ease  and  dignity  in  his  manners  which  in  Eng- 
land would  have  secured  for  them  the  appellation  of  Chesterfieldian.  He 
respected  himself,  and  also  respected  the  feelings  and  opinions  of  others ; 
so  that  he  secured  universal  esteem,  and  deservedly  acquired,  in  the  best 
sense  of  the  term,  the  character  of  a  perfect  gentleman.  He  was  also  a 
man  of  great  prudence,  never  saying  or  doing  anything  rashly,  nor  could  his 
enemies  construe  any  part  of  his  conduct  to  his  own  moral  injury,  or  that 
of  the  cause  of  religion.     He  was  also  a  successful  peacemaker. 

His  talents  as  a  writer  and  preacher  were  also  of  a  very  high  order.  He 
possessed  an  original  and  lively  imagination,  which  threw  around  the  pro- 
ductions of  his  well-furnished  and  highly-cultivated  mind  a  charm  that 
fixed  the  attention  and  commanded  the  respect  and  admiration  of  his  hearers 
and  the  readers  of  his  works.  He  was  among  the  best  and  most  popular 
preachers  in  New  York.  He  also  held  a  powerful  pen  in  the  department  of 
theological  controversy.  The  facility,  ability,  and  taste  which  marked  his 
writings  secured  for  him  an  imperishable  honor — that  of  being  selected  by 
the  General  Synod  as  the  individual  best  qualified  to  write  the  biography  of 
their  distinguished  professor,  Livingston.  He  performed  the  task  to  the 
entire  satisfaction  of  the  Synod. 

His  piety  was  unfeigned.  From  the  time  of  his  father's  death,  at  the 
early  age  of  thirteen,  he  conducted  family  worship.  His  early  impressions 
grew  stronger  with  increasing  years.  In  his  last  sickness  the  Lord  tested 
his  faith,  so  that  he  exclaimed  to  a  friend,  "The  Lord  is  trying  me  in  deep 
waters,"  but  he  also  granted  him  a  joyous  and  glorious  deliverance.  His 
last  words  were,  "Lord  Jesus,  receive  my  spirit."  His  son.  Rev.  Lewis  C. 
Gunn,  C.C.  1830,  P.  S.  1832;  afterward  became  an  editor.  "Mag.  R.  D.  C." 
iv.  158,  256,  257,  289.     "Sprague's  Annals." 

Publications:  (Pseudonym,  Clericus,  in  "Mag.  R.  D.  C.")  A  Sermon 
Commemorative  of  Rev.  John  N.  Abeel,  D.D.  1812.  (See  also  "Mag. 
R.  D.  C."  iv.  289.) — A  Sermon  on  Intemperance.  1813. — A  reply  to 
"Whelpley's  Triangle."  1817. — Two  Letters  to  a  Clergyman  of  R.D.C.,  on 
the  Question  whether  a  man  may  lawfully  marry  his  deceased  wife's  sister. 
(Clericus.) — Reasons  in  Favor  of  the  Erasure  of  the  Law  forbidding 
such  Marriage.  8vo,  pp.  38.  1827. — A  Sermon  Commemorative  of  Rev. 
Dr.  John  H.  Livingston.  1828. — Memoirs  of  Rev.  John  H.  Livingston, 
D.D.  8vo,  pp.  540.  1829.  Second  edition,  abridged,  i2mo,  pp.  405,  1856. 
("Princeton  Review,"  ii.  150.) — Miscellany,  by  Gunn  and  Rowan.  "Evang. 
Guardian  and  Review."  1817.  (See  also  "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  iv.  289.) 
Gutweiler,   Ernest,   Coll.    City  N.Y.    1874,   N.B.S.    1877;  Long  Is.   City, 

1877 

Haan,  Enno  R.,  Wortendyke,  Holl.,  1890-2— (Chr.  Refd.  Ch.). 

Hadson,  Warnerus,  ordained  for  New-Amstel,  1662,  but  died  on  the  passage 

over,  1664. 
Haeger,  John   Frederic,  born   at   Siegen,   1684.     Matriculated  at.  Herborn 

University,  July  5,  1703 ;  matriculated  at  University  of  Lingen  (on  the 

borders  of  Holland)    about   1705,   and  left  there  on   Nov.   14,    1707; 

licensed  to  preach  by  the  Consistory  of  Siegen,  Feb.  14,  1708;  went  to 


504  THE    MINISTRY 

London  with  the  Palatine  emigrants,  1709;  ordained  by  the  Bishop  of 
London,  Dec.  20,  1709;  came  to  America,  1710;  acted  as  an  Episcopal 
minister  among  the  Reformed  Germans  and  Lutherans  along  the 
Hudson,  1710-1721,  died. 

Haeger  appears  with  the  Palatines,  in  London,  in  1709.     The  Society  for 
Propagating  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts  (founded  1701)   was  already  con- 
sidering the  propriety  of  sending  a  minister   with  the  German  emigrants 
to   the   New    World.      The   Archbishop   of   Canterbury  and  the  Bishop  of 
London  approved  of  this.     While  thinking  of  writing  to  Prof.  Franke,  of 
Halle,  to  recommend  a  young  man  for  this  position,  young  Haeger  offered 
his    services,    and    the    Secretary    of    the    Society    recommended    him    for 
ordination.     He  was  ordained  by  the  Bishop  of  London  on  Dec.  20,  1709. 
The  Society  offered  him  a  salary  of  £50.    He  sailed  from  Portsmouth  early  in 
1710,  with  a  company  of  Palatines.    But  the  Germans  in  New  York  did  not 
take  kindly  to  the  ritual  of  the  Church  of  England.     They  had  been  accus- 
tomed  to   simpler  services.     Haeger  was  greatly  disappointed  at  his  want 
of  success  in  this  direction.     Kocherthal,  the  Lutheran  minister,  who  came 
over    in    the    same    expedition,    opposed    the   efforts   of   Haeger   to   try   to 
proselyte  the   Lutherans  to   Episcopacy.     The   Lutherans  generally   turned 
against  Haeger.     His  only  hope  was  now  to  win  over  the  Reformed,  espe- 
cially as  they  had  no  minister  among  them.     In  Oct.,  1710,  Haeger  reports 
that    he    had    600    communicants;    but    his    subsequent    reports    make    the 
numbers  to  grow  less.     This  was,  no  doubt,  partly  owing  to  the  emigration 
of  a  hundred  members  to  Schoharie,  but  also  partly  to  the  unwillingness 
of  the  people  to  connect  themselves  with  the  Church  of  England.    In  1715, 
he  reports  458  communicants,   scattered   in  eight  places  on  either   side  of 
the  Hudson,  but  all  below  Catskill.     On  Oct.  15,  1715,  he,  with  John  Cast 
and   Godfrey  de   Wolven,    received   permission   to  build   a   church   for  the 
60  families  of  Palatines  at  Kingsberry,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.Y.     ("N.Y.  Col. 
MSS."  Ix.  41.)     On  Nov.  15,  1716,  Haeger  was  married  at  Kingsberry,  by 
Kocherthal    as    High    Dutch    minister,    to    Anna    Maria    Rohrbachim.      In 
1 7 id.    he   reports   only   233   communicants.     These   had   mostly   no   decent 
place  of  worship,  and  they  objected  to  receiving  the  communion  on  their 
knees,  as  Catholics  did  in  their  native  land.    Neither  did  the  Society  always 
pay  him  his  salary,  so  that  he  was  sometimes  obliged  to  borrow  money. 
On  his  very  urgent  appeals,  they  sent  him  £50,  in  1721,  but  he  died  before 
its  arrival.     His  widow  married  Rev.  James  Ogilvie.  an  Episcopalian  mis- 
sionary to  the   Indians;   Haeger  accompanied   Col.   Nicholson's  expedition 
to  Canada  in  1712.     Not  long  before  his  death,  he  officiated  at  the  marriage 
of  Conrad  Weiser,  on  Nov.  22.  1720.     He  also  labored  among  the  Indians. 
With  the  coming  of  Rev.  G.  M.  Weiss  to  the  Hudson  River  Valley.  1731, 
an  end  was  put  to  the  attempts  to  proselyte  these  Palatines  to  the  Church 
of  England.     See  Weiss.     ("Dr.  Good's  Hist.  Refd.  Ch.  in  U.S."     143-7- 
"Harbaugh's  Lives,"   ii.   373-     "Doc.  Hist."  iii.  413.  421.     "Col.   Hist."  v. 
215.  515- 

Haeghoort,  Gerardus,  ord.  by  CI.  of  Amsterdam,  Ap.  2,  1731 ;  arrived  in 
N.  Y.  C.  July  24,  1731,  and  at  Shrewsbury,  Aug.  3,  1731,  at  sunrise, 


THE    MINISTRY.  505 

where  the  whole  congregation  was  awaiting  him.    Freehold  and  Middle- 
town,  N.  J.,  1731-5,  Second  River  (Belleville),  1735-76,  d.  1783? 

He  was  sent  over  by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  in  answer  to  a  call  of  the 
church  of  Freehold  and  Middletown,  after  the  resignation  of  Do.  Morgan. 
He  was  a  man  of  great  respectability  as  a  preacher,  and  enjoyed  the  confi- 
dence and  respect  of  his  people.  As  early  as  the  spring  of  1732,  he  was 
called  to  the  church  of  N.  Y.,  at  a  salary  of  £125,  with  £7  extra  for  fire- 
wood, and  £25  for  house-rent;  but  he  declined.  ("Minutes  Ch.  N.  Y."  p. 
101,  "Eng.  Trans.")  On  March  15,  1737,  under  advice  from  the  Classis  of 
Amsterdam  to  Domines  Haeghoort  and  Van  Driessen,  the  former  wrote  to 
the  Consistory  of  N.  Y.,  urging  the  propriety  of  a  Ccetus.  This  was  the 
first  formal  attempt  for  that  organization.  ("Minutes  Ch.  N.  Y."  123-149.) 
After  serving  in  Monmouth  City  for  four  or  five  years,  he  was  induced,  by 
the  influence  of  Col.  John  Schuyler,  to  remove  to  Belleville.  His  Consistory 
expressed  their  heartfelt  sorrow,  on  their  minutes,  that  they  were  so  soon 
deprived  of  his  faithful  services,  and  their  wishes  that  God  would  bless  his 
labors  among  the  people  at  Second  River,  no  less  than  he  had  blessed  them 
here,  and  that  he  might  there  find  himself  no  less  beloved,  to  the  honor  of 
God's  great  name,  and  to  his  own  satisfaction. 

Hence  it  is  thought  that  he  was  perhaps  ambitious  in  so  soon  leaving  for 
a  more  eligible  field.  But  the  circumstances  of  the  church  of  Belleville 
were  peculiar.  For  valuable  gifts,  and  assistance  to  the  church,  the  Consis- 
tory had  bound  themselves  on  certain  conditions  to  allow  John  Schuyler  to 
have  a  vote  with  the  Consistory,  in  calling  any  minister,  and  also  to  sign  the 
call.  Thus  a  right  of  patronage  vested  in  the  Schuyler  family.  But,  about 
T753»  Mr.  H.  made  a  remark  which  greatly  offended  Mr.  Schuyler.  He  now 
attempted  to  convoke  the  congregation  without  the  consent  of  Consistory. 
This  offended  the  Consistory;  Mr.  S.  became  an  Episcopalian,  and  went  to 
the  expense  of  having  the  Common  Book  of  Prayer  rendered  into  Dutch, 
and  had  an  Episcopalian  come  and  preach  in  the  church.  The  Consistory  at 
length  refused  this  privilege,  but  after  a  while  in  some  way  the  church  was 
for  a  time  closed  against  Mr.  Haeghoort,  who  preached  on  the  steps.  His 
salary  was  also  for  a  while  withheld.  At  first  his  ministry  was  blessed  with 
converts,  but  during  the  troubles  very  few  were  added  to  the  church.  He 
was  a  conservative  member  of  Ccetus,  and  was  appointed  to  draw  up  the 
system  of  rules  for  the  government  of  that  body.  In  1751  he  protested 
against  Ccetus,  because  it  gave  redress  to  a  church  and  not  to  a  minister; 
because  it  had  an  extraordinary  clerk,  and  because  it  had  never  been  fully 
indorsed  by  Classis!  Some  personal  pique  is  evident.  He  joined  the  Con- 
ference when  they  organized,  but  not  liking  some  of  their  proceedings,  in 
1760  he  unceremoniously  left  them.  He  never  signed  the  articles  of  union, 
and  though  he  ministered  at  Belleville  till  1776,  he  seems  to  have  held  him- 
self aloof  from  all  ecclesiastical  bodies. — See  "Amst.  Cor." ;  many  letters ; 
"Taylor's  Annals  of  the  CI.  Bergen."  Rev.  T.  W.  Wells'  "Hist.  Dis.  at 
Marlboro',"  1877. 

Publications  :  Keten  der  Goddelyke  Waarheeden  die  men  geloven  en  be- 
trachten  moet  om  seelig  warden  in  haar  natuurlyk  verband  Kortlyk. .  .same 


5°6  THE   MINISTRY. 

geschalet...  by  G.  H.,  predicant  te  Second  River.     N.  Y.    1738.     pp.  v+38, 
("Copy  in  N.  J.  Hist.  Soc,  Miscel.  Pamphlets,"  Vol.  v.) 

Haeselbarth,  Wm.  G.,  1.  CI.  Paramus,  1856,  w.  c.  1856-73. 
Hagar,  see  Haeger. 

Hagar,  Augustus  H.,  b.  1851,  in  Weilerboth,  Bavaria;  c.  to  N.  Y.  C,  1870; 
Ger.  Sem.  at  Bloomfield,  N.  J.,  73 ;  teacher  of  the  Classics,  Theolog. 
Sch.,  Dubuque,  la.,  73-6;  Ger.  Presbyt.  Ch.,  Chicago,  76-8;  Ger. 
Presbyt.  Ch.,  Lawrence,  Mass.,  78-83;  Norfolk  st.,  N.  Y.  C,  83-4; 
d.  Oct.  20. 

Hagemen,  Andrew,  b.  at  Readington,  N.  J.,  1850;  R.  C.  71,  N.B.S.  74, 
lie.  CI.  Philadelphia;  Queens,  1875-87;  Holmdel,  87-93;  Belleville,  93-9 ; 
assist,  minister,  N.  Y.  C,  5th  av.  and  48th  St.,  1899 

Hagemen,  Andrew  J.,  b.  at  Roycefield,  N.  J.,  1837;  R.C.  60,  N.B.S.  63;  1. 
CI.  Raritan;  Hagaman's  Mills,  63-87,  St.  Thomas,  W.  I.,  87-90,  sup- 
plying churches,  1890 

Hagemen,  Chas.  S.,  b.  at  Harlingen,  N.  J.,  July  20,  1817;  R.C.  37,  P.S.  42, 
1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Nyack,  1843-52;  Poughkeepsie,  2d,  1852-71,  Freehold,  2d, 
1871-8,  S.S.  Charlestown,  N.  Y.,  81-5,  S.S.  Presbyt.  Ch.  of  Blauvelt, 
N.Y.,  85-9,  S.S.  Norwood,  N.  J.,  90-1;  d.  Oct.  20,  1901.  D.D.  by  R.C. 
1862. 

Publications  :  Address  on  the  death  of  Miss  E.  H.  McLellen  before  the 
Young  Ladies'  Institute  at  Poughkeepsie.  1856. — God,  the  Nation's  Safety. 
"Christian  Intelligencer."  October  15,  1862. — Address  at  the  Funeral  of  Mrs. 
Sarah  E.  McEckron,  wife  of  Rev.  George  M.  McEckron,  pastor  of  First  Re- 
formed Dutch  Church,  Poughkeepsie.  1864. — Ministerial  Support. 
"Christian  Intelligencer."  1865. — The  Support  of  the  Ministry  a  Divine 
Institution.  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  1866. — Address  at  the  One  Hundred 
and  Fiftieth  Anniversary  of  First  Reformed  Church,  New-Brunswick. 
1867. — Address  at  Funeral  of  Hon.  Peter  Vredenburgh,  Associate-Justice 
Supreme  Court  of  New-Jersey.  "Memorial,"  1873. — Address  at  Funeral 
of  Frances  Van  Vranken,  wife  of  Rev.  J.  McC.  Holmes.  D.  D.  "Memorial," 
1875. — Articles  on  Divorce  of  our  College  and  Seminary ;  Ordination  of 
Elders;  Facts  worth  Noting  and  Queries  worth  Considering,  in  "Christian 
Intelligencer."  A  Lecture  on  Wendell  Phillips,  in  "Daily  Press,"  of 
Poughkeepsie.     Tax  on  Incomes,  in  "N.  Y.  Times." 

Hageman,  Herman,  b.  Readington,  N.  J.,  Oct.  14,  1858;  R.C.  79.  N.B.S. 
82,  1.  CI.  Raritan;  Cuddeliackville,  82-87,  Clove  (High  Falls),  1877 

Hagemen,  Jas.  Winthrop  (s.  of  Chas.  S.  Hagemen),  b.  at  Nyack,  N.  Y., 
Mar.  18,  1852;  C.N.J.  72,  U.S.  75,  lie.  CI.  Monmouth;  (Wausau,  Wis. 
Presb.  1875 ) 

Hageman,  Peter  K.,  b.  Bound  Brook,  N.  J.,  Dec.  7.  1859;  R.C.  79.  N.B.S. 

82,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Shawaugunk,  82-90,  Coxsackie,  1st  90-4,  Middletown, 

N.  J.,  1894 

Hainer,  John  A.,  Fort  Miller  and  Saratoga,  1892-5. 


THE    MINISTRY. 


507 


Haines,  Francis  Stoddard,  b.  Elizabeth,  N.  J.,  Ap.  20,  1857;  C.N.J.  78, 
U.T.S.  80-3;  ord.  by  CI.  Montgomery,  84;  Canajoharie,  89-91  (Easton* 
Pa.    (Presby.),  1891 ) 

Haines,  Matthias  L.,  b.  at  Aurora,  Ind.,  May  4,  1850;  Wab.  Col.  71,  U.S. 
74,  lie  Presb.  Whitewater,  Ind.,  74;  ord.  N.  CI.  L.I.  74;  Astoria, 
74-85.     (Indianapolis,  Ind.,  1885 )•     D.D.  by  Wab.  Coll.,  1887. 

Haken,  G.,  Elim  (Kings),  111.,  1893-6,  Lennox,  1st  S.D.,  1896 

Haliday,  Thos.,  studied  under  Livingston,  1.  1806;  Presbyt. 

Hall,  Baynard  R.,  b.  in  Philadelphia,  1798;  C.NJ.  and  U.C.  1820,  P.S.  23; 
ord.  by  Presb.  Salem,  25 ;  Bloomington,  Ind.,  and  Prof,  in  University 
of  Indiana,  1823-31,  Bedford,  Pa.,  1831-8,  teacher  successively  in  Bor- 
dentown,  Trenton,  Poughkeepsie,  Newburgh,  Brooklyn,  1838-46,  enters 
R.D.C.  In  Brooklyn  he  was  principal  of  the  Park  Institute  1852— 
Died  1863,  Jan.  23.    D.  D.  by  R.  C  1848. 

His  father  was  a  surgeon,  the  eminent  Dr.  John  Hall,  and  connected  with 
Gen.  Washington's  staff.  He  was  left  an  orphan  at  the  early  age  of  three 
or  four.  His  father  left  him  a  large  fortune,  but,  through  some  misman- 
agement, he  never  came  into  the  possession  of  any  of  it.  Large  tracts  in 
Pennsylvania  and  South  Carolina  are  yet  known  as  the  "Hall  claim." 

The  celebrated  Dr.  Rush,  of  Philadelphia,  was  his  guardian,  and  did  his 
utmost  for  his  youthful  charge.  Great  attention  was  paid  to  his  early  edu- 
cation, in  the  hope  of  his  making  an  eminent  lawyer;  but  with  his  conver- 
sion his  heart  was  turned  to  the  ministry.  He  frequently  held  high  and 
important  positions  as  teacher.  During  his  latter  years,  with  much  of  the 
spirit  of  his  Master,  he  had  been  preaching  the  Gospel  to  the  poor  in  Brook- 
lyn.   These  shed  tears  of  sorrow  over  his  lifeless  remains. 

Dr.  Hall  had  ability,  as  an  author  and  a  scholar,  of  the  first  rank.  One  of 
the  professors  of  Princeton  remarked  at  his  graduation,  "Young  Hall,  in  ten 
or  twelve  years  is  likely  to  be  at  the  head  of  one  of  the  first  institutions  of 
learning  in  our  country."  He  has  written  several  works  which  have  marked 
him  as  a  correct  scholar,  a  master  of  "all  styles,"  and  a  vigorous  thinker. 
His  talents  received  some  of  the  most  flattering  commendations.  His  Latin 
Grammar,  published  when  thirty  years  of  age,  ranked  him  among  the  first 
classical  scholars.  "The  New  Purchase;  or,  Seven  Years  in  the  West," 
was  very  popular  when  published,  and  the  author  was  said  to  be,  in  a 
British  review,  "a  master  of  all  styles."  Several  later  works  from  his  pen 
are  characterized  by  a  like  scholarly  merit. 

He  was  distinguished  not  only  for  high  intellectual  culture  and  refine- 
ment, but  by  delightful  conversational  powers,  to  which  an  incessant  current 
of  humor  lent  animation  and  brilliancy,  and  to  which  the  cordial  kindness 
of  his  nature  gave  geniality.  His  life,  influenced  by  the  strongest  religious 
convictions  as  well  as  by  inherent  charity,  was  spent  in  labors  of  beneficence, 
which  were  only  interrupted  by  a  final  illness.— Rev.  James  Le  Fevre. 

Publications  :  "The  New  Purchase;  or,  Seven  Years  in  the  West."  1843 
(See  Index  to  "Princeton  Review,"  p.  187.)-"  A  New  and  Compendious 
Latin  Grammar.     Something  for  Everybody."     1843.— "Teaching,    a    Sci- 


508  THE    MINISTRY. 

ence."  "The  Teacher,  an  Artist."  (See  'Princeton  Rev."  1843.)—  "Frank 
Freeman's  Barber-shop."  "Theories  of  Education."  "Princeton  Rev.," 
[842.      (See  "P.S.  Gen.  Cat.") 

Hall,  David  B.,  b.  Washington  Co.,  N.  V..  Mar.  16,  1812;  U.C.  39.  PS. 
42,  1.  Pawlett  Assoc.  Vt.  41  (supplied  Wallingford,  Vt.,  41-42,  Middle 
Granville.  42-44;  ord.  Evang.  by  Cong.  Ap.  29,  46;  Columbia  (S.S.), 
44-48:  also  supplied,  Henderson,  47,  and  Harpersfield,  Del.  Co.,  N.  Y., 
Presb.  49).  Cleveland,  50-53,  S.S.,  Lawyersville,  53.  New  Rhinebeck, 
S.S..  and  Cobleskill,  53-55,  Princetovvn,  55-63,  Princetown  again,  65-69, 
w.  c.     Died  May  1,  1898. 

He  was  a  quiet,  modest  man,  confining  himself  closely  to  his  home  and 
making  few  acquaintances  outside  the  circle  of  his  work;  but  he  loved  to 
preach  the  gospel,  and  he  did  it  with  great  fidelity.  Through  much  of  his 
life  he  endured  a  heavy  domestic  affliction,  which  would  have  taken  the 
heart  out  of  many  another,  but  he  remained  cheerfully  faithful  to  his 
work.  He  retired  to  his  farm  at  Duanesburg  in  1869.  which  yielded  him 
but  scanty  returns,  but  he  was  not  only  uncomplaining,  but  cheerful. 
About  1868  an  unusual  work  of  grace  blessed  his  ministry,  which  gave  a 
new  impulse  to  the  church  of  Princetown,  N.  Y.  Soon  after  he  felt  com- 
pelled to  retire  from  pastoral  work,  but  he  went,  crowned  with  his  heart's 
desire,  the  experience  of  a  rich  spiritual  harvest.  He  was  a  man  of  good 
intellectual  gifts  and  of  deep  piety.  He  left  behind  him  a  sweet  memory, 
a  hallowed  influence,  and  a  bright  example.  See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1898, 
246. 

Publications:     "Genealogy  of  the  Hall  Family." 

Hall,  John  G.,  Fort  Plain,  1858-63. 

Hallenbeck.  Edwin  Forrest,  b.  Alexandria.  Va.,  Dec.  2,  1864;  N.B.S.,  90 
(special  course);  1.  CI.  Albany;  Brooklyn,  North;  (Presbyt. ;  Rens- 
selaer, 1  st;  Albany,  1st;  Binghamton,  West,  N.  Y.). 

Halloway.  William  W..  b.  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  R.C.  1839.  N.B.S.  42, 
1.  CI.  Philadelphia ;  Amity.  43-49.  Albany,  3d,  49-53,  Miss.  North-Brook- 
lyn. 53-5,  now  Lee  Avenue,  Brooklyn,  55-59,  Flushing.  59-65,  Broad- 
way Ch.,  Paterson,  65-71  (Battle  Creek,  Mich.,  72-77,  Mt.  Freedom, 
N-  J-,  77-85,  Morris  Plains.  N.  J..  85-92,  all  Presbyt.).  Died  Sept. 
20.   1898. 

In  his  youth  he  was  of  a  fiery  temper,  and  in  his  earlier  ministry  he  was 
a  passionate  preacher;  but  in  his  later  years  he  held  his  emotions  and 
desires  in  check.  He  was  a  man  of  strong  will  and  firm  convictions. 
When  he  had  made  up  his  mind,  it  was  difficult  to  effect  a  change.  But 
his  gentleness  would  then  be  his  strength.  He  was  never  self-assertive, 
nor  vociferous,  nor  pugnacious,  yet  he  would  maintain  and  carry  his  point 
by  the  force  of  quiet  perseverance.  His  gentleness  shone  in  his  face,  was 
articulate  in  the  tones  of  his  voice,  and  manifested  itself  in  his  entire 
manner.  He  was  never  irritable  or  morose.  It  was  his  personality  that 
constituted  his  charm.     As  a  preacher,  he  excelled.     As  a  pastor,  he  was 


THE    MINISTRY.  5O9 

wise  and  tender  and  sympathetic  In  manner  he  was  always  a  perfect 
gentleman.  He  kept  his  mental  powers  fresh  and  vigorous  to  the  last.  No 
sign  of  age  or  weakness  appeared.  He  kept  up  his  interest  in  theological 
and  church  and  political  matters.  He  was  a  constant  and  studious  reader. 
His  views  upon  all  subjects  were  clear,  broad  and  decided.  His  piety, 
never  demonstrative,  showed  itself  in  his  mellowed  character,  his  beautiful 
charity  and  his  loyalty  to  Christ.  See  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  of  R.  C," 
1899,    10. 

Publications  :     "Fun.   Ser. :    on  Death  of  Rev.  G.   R.   Williamson,"  in 
"Cypress   Wreath." 

Halloway,  William  Whiteman,  Jr.    (s.  of  W.  W.  Halloway),  b.  in  N.  Y. 

1843,  U.N.Y.  1864,  N.B.S.  1867,  1.  N.  CI.  L.I.  ;  Belleville.  1867-71,  Jersey 

City,  1st,  1871-6  (Dover,  N.  J.,  Presb..  1876 ) 

Halsey,  Abram  Oothout,  b.  Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  3,   1798;  U.C.   1822, 

P.S.    1827;   ord.    Presbyt.    of   North   River,    May   1,    1828:    N.    and   S. 

Hampton,  1829-67 ;  died  Aug.  23,  1868.  D.D.  by  R.  C.  1859. 
He  was  a  man  of  child-like  spirit,  esteeming  others  better  than  himself. 
He  was  diffident  about  preaching  before  other  ministers,  yet  he  had  excel- 
lent gifts.  He  was  unsuspicious.  While  mighty  to  wield  the  weapons  of 
war  against  Christ's  enemies,  it  was  a  fault  that  he  knew  not  how  to  defend 
himself.  He  was  also  a  man  of  catholic  spirit.  He  had  no  war  with  other 
sects.  With  well-settled  views  of  his  own,  he  cared  not  to  dispute.  His 
charitableness  was  unbounded.  He  was  the  highest  style  of  an  old-school 
Christian  gentleman.  His  sympathies  were  also  remarkable.  He  had  a  way 
of  talking  to  the  afflicted,  of  addressing  a  little  child,  of  listening  to  a  story 
of  distress,  that  few  equal,  and  his  prayers  were  possessed  of  peculiar  unc- 
tion. He  was  eminent  as  a  preacher.  New  York  and  Philadelphia  sought 
his  services  when  in  middle  life,  but  he  remained  in  his  first  charge.  He 
had  great  vigor  of  health,  was  an  athletic  man,  and  a  severe  student.  When 
in  middle  life,  with  full  voice,  and  large  presence,  and  gleaming  eye,  and 
great  thoughts,  as  he  stood  in  his  pulpit,  he  was  overwhelming,  sometimes 
melting  his  congregation  with  the  pity  and  tenderness  of  the  cross,  and 
then  coming  down  like  an  avalanche  of  rock  upon  the  fortresses  of  dark- 
ness. The  Bible  was  his  great  study,  and  to  illustrate  and  corroborate  its 
truths  he  delved  into  all  modern  science,  ransacking  and  rifling  the  astro- 
nomical, geological,  botanic  and  mineralogical  worlds.  He  had  great 
originality  of  intellect,  and  spoke  literally  extempore.  He  sometimes 
talked  in  parables  and  allegories.  There  was  no  hollow  cant,  no  whining 
sentimentality  about  him.  but  a  manly  carriage  of  Christian  behavior  that 
showed  the  world  he  loved  Christ. 

Hamilton,   Wm,   from   Presbyt.  of   Belfast,   Ireland,   1857;   New-Prospect, 

1857-63.     Went  to  Canada. 
Hamlin,  Henry  F.,  b.  Warren  Co.,  N.  J.,  Aug.  3,  1872;  LaF.  Coll.  94.  U.S. 

97;  traveling  in  Europe,  97-8;  Hyde  Park,  1900 

Hammond,  Eben  S.,  b.  July  27,  1815  ;  R.C.  1839,  N.B.S.  1842,  1.  CI.  L.I.  1842; 

Stone-House    Plains,    1842-4,    Gallupville.    1844-52,    Prattsville.    1852-4, 


5J0  THE    MINISTRY. 

S.  S.  Canajoharie,  1854-6,  Columbia,  1856-8  ("Schraalenburgh,  seces- 
sion," 1858-60)  ;  Miss,  to  Closter  City,  1862-4,  w.  c.  Died  1873.  See 
Fun.  Scr.  by  Dr.  W.  R.  Gordon. 

Hammond,  Israel,  b.  about  1791 ;  Owasco,  1831-9,  Mt.  Morris,  1842-5, 
Gorham,  1847-50,  emeritus,  1856. 

Hammond,  John  W.,  b.  in  Esopus,  1819;  N.B.S.  1848,  1.  CI.  Ulster,  1848; 
Shokan,  1848-9,  Grahamville,  1849-52,  Shokan,  1852-6,  Mohawk,  1856-9, 
Queens,  1859-63,  Grahamville  and  S.S.  Upper  Neversink,  1863-7,  Sho- 
kan and  Shandaken,  1867-73,  Roxbury,  1873-5,  d.  1876,  Nov.  23. 

Handy,  William  Collins,  b.  Aug.  10,  1835,  in  Northampton  Co.,  Va. ; 
C.N.J. .  55.  Danville  Sem.,  Ky.,  57;  lie.  and  ord.  by  Presb.  of  Balti- 
more, 57  (Presbyt.  Ch.,  Lewes,  Del.,  58-9,  Canton,  Miss.,  60,  Bucking- 
ham and  Eden,  Md.,  61-5,  w.  c,  1866-70;  New  Scotland,  71-4)  ;  Scho- 
harie, 76-80,  Ed.  of  "Sower  and  Mission  Monthly,"  81-2;  Jersey  City, 
Central  av..  81-2,  Schoharie,  1892 

Hangen.  Jac.  W.,  b.  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Mar.  5,  1805;  studied  theology 
under  Rev.  J.  W.  Sechant;  ord.  by  Eastern  Syn.  of  Ger.  R.  Ch.,  1828; 
Columbia  and  Warren,  29-32,  Mapletown  and  Currytown,  32-6,  S.S. 
Greenport  and  Germantown,  36-7,  Upper  Red  Hook  and  Germantown, 
37-40.  (Ger.  Ref.  Ch. :  Hilltown,  Pa..  1840,  Trappe.  Pa..  1841-3;  d. 
Feb.  23.) 

Hansen,  Maurice  G..  R.C.  1856,  N.B.S.  59,  1.  CI.  New  York;  Graves- 
end,  59-71,  Coxsackie,  71-81,  Grace  Chapel,  Flatbush,  L.  I.,  83-7,  Haga- 
man's  Mills,  N.  Y.,  87-93,  w.  c. 

Publications  :  Translation  of  a  portion  of  the  Dutch  report  of  addresses 
by  members  of  the  Evangelical  Alliance  at  Amsterdam.  "Christian  Intelli- 
gencer."— Various  contributions  to  the  "Soldier's  Friend." — "In  Memoriam: 
Walton  S.  Stoutenburgh."  1872. — Obituary  of  Rev.  Anson  F.  Munn. 
"Christian  Intelligencer,"  1877. — Translation  of  the  "Klagte,"  or  "Cora- 
plaint  of  Certain  Members  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  of  Raritan, 
etc.,  again  Rev.  J.  T.  Frilinghuisen  and  his  Consistory  in  1723."  English 
MSS.,  2>2i  pages.  1877. — Translation  of  the  pamphlets  of  Revs.  Ritzema 
and  Leydt,  on  the  Coetus  Controversy.  1760-3.  English  MSS.,  1878. — 
Translation  of  Rev.  C.  Van  Santvoord's  defense  of  Frelinghuysen,  entitled 
"A  Dialogue  between  Considerans  and  Candidus."  1726.  English  MSS., 
1878.  (All  of  these  translations  are  in  the  archives  of  General  Synod.) 
Numerous  Articles  and  Poems;  also  Versified  Translations  from  the 
French  and  German,  in  various  journals.  1877-1900. — "The  Refd.  Ch.  in 
the  Netherlands,  1340-1840:  Short  Hist.  Sketches,"  pp.  330.  1884. — Isaac 
da  Costa:  in  "Refd.  Quarterly."  1881. — Wessel  Gansevoort:  in  "Refd. 
Quarterly."  1881. — "The  Prison  Work  of  Hugo  Grotius,"  in  "Refd. 
Quarterly."  1884. — "The  Word  'Conscience'  in  the  Bible,"  in  "Old  Testa- 
ment Student."  1884. — "The  Name  'Lucifer,'  "  in  "Old  Testament  Stu- 
dent." 1884. — "The  .Mediaeval  Communists,"  "Princeton  Rev."  1884. — 
"The  Quarternian  Controversies" :  "Refd.  Quarterly."  1885. — "The 
Founder  of  Congregationalism" :  "Southern  Presbyt.  Rev."  1885. — "The 
Slang  of   Protestantism":    "Refd.    Quarterly."      1RR7. — "The    Salomona  of 


THE    MINISTRY.  511 

the  17th  Century":  "Refd.  Quarterly."  1888.— "Has  Plenary  Inspiration 
been  Invalidated?":  "Refd.  Quarterly."  1894.— "Modernizing  Christianity": 
"Refd.  Quarterly."  1895.— "The  Tyranny  of  Pulpit  Notices":  "Refd. 
Quarterly."  1895.— "History  and  Versified  Translation  of  the  Wilhelmus 
Song"  :  "N.  Y.  Tribune."  1898.— "Versified  Translation  of  the  Boer  Patri- 
otic Song"  :  "N.  Y.  Tribune."  1899.— Revision  of  the  MSS.  of  the  follow- 
ing works  of  Rev.  Wm.  E.  Griffin,  D.D. ;  (1)  "Brave  Little  Holland";  (2) 
"The  Pilgrims  in  their  Three  Homes";  (3)  "The  Student's  Motley";  (4) 
"The  American  in  Holland."  (Acknowledgment  of  these  revisions  is  made 
in  the  preface  of  some  of  Dr.  Griffis's  works.) 

Hardenbergh,  Chs.,  b.  ,  studied  under  Froeligh,  1.  CI.  Paramus,  1802; 

Warwick,  1804-8,  Bedminster,  1808-20,  Greenwich,  N.  Y.  C,  1820-1,  d. 
Elected  a  trustee  of  Q.C.  1812  —  See  "Fun.  Ser."  by  Rev.  C.  T.  Dema- 
rest,  182 1. 

Publications  :  "A  Ser.  at  Bedminster."  1818.  A  couple  of  his  sermons 
of  1812  and  1815  have  recently  been  printed  in  "Banner  of  Truth." 

Hardenbergh,  Jacob  Rutsen,  b.  at  Rosendale,  N.  Y.,  1736,  studied  under 
John  Frelinghuysen,  1.  by  the  American  Classis,  1758;  Raritan,  Bed- 
minster, North  Branch  (now  Readington),  Ne-Shanic,  and  Millstone 
(now  Harlingen),  1758-61,  visited  Holland,  1761-3,  Raritan,  Bedmin- 
ster, and  North  Branch,  1763-81,  Marbletown,  Rochester,  and  Wa- 
warsing,  1781-6,  New  Brunswick  and  also  Pres.  of  Queens  College, 
1785-90,  d.  Oct.  30.  He  was  one  of  the  original  trustees  of  Q.C.  A.M. 
by  C.N.J.  1770.     D.D.  by  C.N.J.  1771-     S.T.D.  by  C.C.  1789. 

He  was  son  of  Johannes  Hardenbergh,  a  colonel  in  the  N.Y.  Militia.  His 
father  was  Cornelius,  who  lived  and  died  at  Kingston,  and  the  latter's 
father  was  Johannes,  who  lived  in  N.  Y.  C.  and  immigrated  to  America 
about  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  century.  The  family  held  an  influential 
position  in  the  colony  from  the  earliest  period.  His  literary  education  was 
not  so  extensive  as  might  be  desired,  enjoying  only  the  advantages  of  the 
Academy  of  Kingston,  N.  Y.  No  facts  have  been  preserved  in  regard  to 
the  time  or  circumstances  of  his  conversion ;  but  that  he  must  have  devoted 
himself  to  the  work  of  the  gospel  ministry  in  very  early  life  is  evident  from 
the  fact  that  he  was  actually  licensed  to  preach  when  only  twenty  years  of 
age.  While  pursuing  his  theological  studies  at  Raritan,  his  preceptor,  Rev. 
John  Frelinghuysen,  dying  suddenly,  he  was  chosen  his  successor,  and  im- 
mediately entered  upon  his  labors  in  a  very  wide  and  important  field.  From 
his  first  appearance  in  the  pulpit  no  doubt  was  entertained  that  he  was 
destined  to  be  one  of  the  distinguished  lights  of  his  profession,  an  expecta- 
tion which  was  abundantly  realized. 

His  ministry  while  connected  with  his  first  pastoral  charge,  reaching 
through  a  period  of  twenty-three  years,  was  a  remarkable  illustration  of  his 
ability,  energy,  and  conscientious  devotion  to  his  peculiar  work.  He  was 
not  gifted  with  a  strong  physical  constitution,  but  was  sustained  by  great 
firmness  of  purpose  and  a  spirit  of  entire  consecration  to  his  Master.  He 
was  not,  indeed,  blessed  with  any  marked  outpouring  of  the  Spirit  upon  his 


5'2  THE    MINISTRY. 

congregations,  and  there  were  no  times  of  large  ingatherings.  But  this,  no 
doubt,  is  accounted  for  by  the  difficulties  he  encountered  and  the  adverse 
circumstances  of  the  times.  His  ministry  occupied  the  important  period  of 
the  distracting  controversy  between  the  Ccetus  and  Conferentie  parties,  and 
in  his  own  field  of  labor  the  dispute  was  carried  on  with  unusual  violence. 
At  one  time  the  contest  became  so  absorbing  that  the  regular  ministrations 
of  the  gospel  were  sadly  interrupted.  Mr.  I  lardenbergh  warmly  espoused 
the  cause  of  the  evangelical  party,  and  in  connection  with  the  prominent 
ministers  of  the  denomination  exerted  a  powerful  influence  in  accomplish- 
ing the  independent  organization  of  the  Dutch  Church.  During  the  prog- 
ress of  this  controversy  he  made  a  voyage  to  Europe,  for  the  purpose  of 
bringing  over  to  this  country  his  widowed  mother-in-law,  and  he  was  the 
first  minister  ordained  in  America  who  had  visited  Holland.  It  is  gener- 
ally understood  that  while  abroad  he  exerted  a  very  beneficial  influence 
on  behalf  of  his  cause,  and  deserves  much  of  the  credit  of  the  final  adjust- 
ment of  all  difficulties. 

In  addition  to  this  violent  ecclesiastical  contest,  Mr.  Hardenbergh's  min- 
istry at  Raritan  was  casl  during  the  stormy  period  of  the  Revolutionary  War. 
The  section  of  country  occupied  by  his  congregations  had  its  full  share  of 
sufferings.  At  an  early  period  of  the  conflict,  his  fellow-citizens  called  him 
to  a  scat  in  the  convention  that  formed  the  Constitution  of  New  Jersey,  and 
for  several  sessions  he  was  a  member  of  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State. 
As  to  his  political  knowledge  and  patriotism,  his  associates  in  office  testified 
their  confidence  by  appointing  him  chairman  of  important  committees,  and 
intrusting  to  him  much  of  the  business  of  legislation.  From  the  whole  of 
his  record  during  the  contest  with  Great  Britain  and  after  the  restoration  of 
peace,  we  must  rank  him  among  the  warmest  friends  of  liberty. 

His  public  zeal  on  behalf  of  his  country  often  provoked  the  enmity  of  his 
Tory  neighbors,  and  his  life  was  frequently  endangered.  He  often  slept 
with  a  loaded  musket  by  the  side  of  his  bed.  On  one  occasion,  an  expedi- 
tion of  the  Queen's  Rangers,  under  command  of  Colonel  Simcoe,  besides  ac- 
complishing their  immediate  object,  fired  the  church  edifice  of  Mr.  Harden- 
bergh.  then  near  the  Raritan.  and  burnt  it  to  the  ground.  The  loss  was 
severely  felt  by  the  congregation,  and  was  not  rebuilt  until  some  time  after 
the  war  had  closed.  It  was  not  to  be  expected  that  a  ministry  occupying 
a  period  of  so  great  conflict  would  be  equally  successful  as  if  the  region 
had  been  in  a  state  of  peace.  But  the  services  he  rendered  his  countrj  were 
not  permitted  to  interfere  with  his  duties  to  the  Church.  He  was  nol  only 
a  patriot,  but  a  Christian  minister,  and  in  this  most  important  sphere  he 
studied  to  make  every  other  consideration  subserve 

The  trustees  of  Princeton  College  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity  at  the  age  of  thirty-three.  He  took  a  leading  part  in 
the  establishment  of  Queen's  College,  and  was  unanimously  appointed  the 
first  President  of  that  institution.  This  position  he  was  induced  to  accept 
in  connection  with  the  pastorate  of  the  church  in  the  city  of  New  Bruns- 
wick. Although  he  had  labored  with  great  industry  during  the  early  part 
of  his  ministry,  yet  the  amount  of  work  that  he  now  discharged  was  much 
greater   than    at    any   preceding   period.      Besides   acting  as   teacher    in    the 


THE    MINISTRY.  513 

several  branches  of  study  pursued  in  the  college,  as  a  minister  and  pastor 
he  was  not  excelled.  His  friends  were  often  apprehensive  that  he  was 
tasking  himself  beyond  his  powers  of  endurance,  and  ventured  to  expostu- 
late with  him  on  the  subject;  but,  realizing  the  importance  of  his  efforts, 
he  could  not  be  persuaded  to  abandon  the  work  of  the  ministry  nor  leave 
his  post  as  President  of  the  College.  He  gave  early  indications  of  pulmo- 
nary disease,  and  finally  fell  a  victim  to  this  affection.  The  closing  scene 
was  a  triumph  of  grace.  His  last  words  were,  "I  am  going  to  cast  my 
crown  before  the  throne.  Now  I  shall  go  to  rest,  for  I  shall  go  to  be  with 
the  Lord.     Hosanna !" 

Dr.  Hardenbergh  was  naturally  a  man  of  strong  mind  and  of  extensive 
attainments,  and  in  his  day  was  justly  regarded  as  one  of  the  pillars  of  the 
Reformed  Dutch  Church.  On  four  different  occasions  he  was  chosen  Presi- 
dent of  General  Synod,  and  he  was  long  regarded  as  second  only  to  Dr.  Liv- 
ingston, with  whom  he  constantly  co-operated  in  all  public  movements.  His 
call  to  the  Presidency  of  the  College  shows  the  estimation  in  which  he  was 
held  as  a  scholar  and  disciplinarian,  as  well  as  a  divine.  He  labored  under 
the  disadvantages  of  a  small  endowment,  few  assistants  in  giving  instruc- 
tion, and  the  want  of  proper  facilities  in  the  way  of  library,  buildings,  and 
apparatus.  His  analysis  of  sermons  speaks  for  both  the  vigor  of  his  intel- 
lect and  the  thoroughness  of  his  theological  education. 

His  pastorate  at  New  Brunswick  was  eminently  successful.  He  believed 
the  doctrines  of  grace,  and  preached  them  with  vigor  and  perspicuity.  To 
win  souls  to  Christ  was  his  earnest  desire.  What  he  taught  to  others  he 
reduced  to  practice  in  his  own  life  and  conversation.  At  each  communion 
season  he  welcomed  numbers  into  the  church,  and  his  entire  ministry  seems 
to  have  been  a  continual  revival,  a  most  blessed  close  to  a  most  useful  and 
laborious  life.  He  was  eloquent  in  the  pulpit,  and  impressed  everyone  with 
his  t®ne  of  devotional  feeling — a  minister  eminently  beloved  by  all  who 
knew  him.* — Rev.  Dr.  R.  H.  Steele. 

Dr.  Hardenbergh  was  delegate  to  the  Provincial  Congress  of  New  Jersey, 
convened  at  Burlington,  June  10,  1776.  This  was  the  Congress  which 
issued  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  and  on  the  succeeding  day  adopted 
a  Constitution  for  the  State.  He  was  also  a  member  for  several  sessions 
of  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State. 

The  progenitor  of  the  Hardenbergh  family  in  America  emigrated  about 
1640  from  Maarsen,  near  Utrecht,  Netherlands.     Dr.  Hardenbergh  was  of 

*On  his  settlement  at  Raritan,  he  married  the  widow  of  Rev.  John  Fre- 
linghuysen,  to  whose  influence  he  was  indebted  in  no  small  degree  for  his  emi- 
nent usefulness.  The  character  which  she  left  behind  her,  under  the  familiar 
name  of  the  Jufrow  Hardenbergh,  distinguished  her  as  one  of  the  most  re- 
markable women  of  her  day.  Her  maiden  name  was  Dinah  Van  Berg.  She 
was  born  in  Amsterdam,  in  1725.  Her  father  was  a  wealthy  merchant,  exten» 
sively  engaged  in  the  East  India  trade,  who  reared  his  family  in  all  the  fash- 
ion and  refinement  of  the  metropolis  but  without  any  instruction  in  religion. 
She  became  the  subject  of  divine  grace  in  early  youth,  and  was  remarkable 
for  her  rapid  attainments  in  godliness  and  faith.  Her  naturally  strong  in- 
tellect was  developed  by  her  early  education,  and  she  retained  her  mental 
vigor  down  to  old  age. 

She  felt  from  her  early  years  that  she  had  a  work  to  do  in  the  Church. 
She  became  acquainted  with  John  Frelinghuysen  while   he   was   pursuing  his 


514  THE    MINISTRY. 

the  third  American  generation.  He  was  a  grandson  of  Sir  Johannes 
Hardenbergh  and  Catherine,  daughter  of  Col.  Jacob  Rutsen,  of  Rosendale, 
a  frequent  member  of  the  Colonial  Assembly.  Sir  Johannes  was  knighted 
by  Queen  Anne,  at  the  recommendation  of  the  Duke  of  Marlborough,  for 
gallantry  at  the  decisive  battle  of  Blenheim.  With  the  order  of  knighthood 
he  also  received  the  patent  which  bears  his  name,  and  which  comprised  a 
considerable  portion  of  what  now  constitutes  the  counties  of  Ulster,  Dela- 
ware.  and  Sullivan,  in  the  State  of  New  York.  He  was  twice  High  Sheriff 
of  Ulster  County,  and  a  member  of  the  Colonial  Assembly.  The  parents 
of  Dr.  Hardenbergh  were  Colonel  Joannes  Hardenbergh  and  Maria  Du- 
Bois,  a  granddaughter  of  Louis  DuBois,  the  New  Paltz  patentee.  Col. 
Joannes  was  a  member  of  the  Colonial  Assembly,  a  field  officer  with  Wash- 
ington during  the  Revolution,  an  elder  of  the  Reformed  Church.  He 
subscribed  the  rules  and  regulations  for  the  formation  of  the  Ccetus  in 
1748,  and  the  plan  adopted  for  the  peace  and  unity  of  the  churches  in  1771. 

See  "Fun.  Ser.  by  Rev.  Peter  Studdeford,"  1790.  See  "Mag.  R.  D.  C." 
"■  347- — "Gunn's  Livingston,"  ed.  1856,  p.  380. — "Dr.  Messler's  Memorial 
Sermons  and  Hist.  Notes,"  1874. — "Sprague's  Annals." — "McClintock's 
Cyc." — "Sketch  of,  as  first  President  of  Rutger's  College,  in  the  General 
Catalogues  of  the  College." 

Hardenbergh,  James  B.,  b.  June  28,  1800;  U.C.  1821,  N.B.S.  1824,  1.  by  CI. 
N.B.  1824;  Princetown  and  Helderbergh,  1824-5,  New  Brunswick, 
1825-9,  Orchard  st,  N.  Y.  C,  1829-30,  Rhinebeck,  1830-6,  Philadelphia 
1st,  1836-40,  Franklin  st.,  now  23d  St.,  N.  Y.  C.  1840-56,  w.  c.  Died 
Jan.  20,  1870.     Elected  a  trustee  of  R.C.  1825. 

He  was  born  in  the  town  of  Rochester,  Ulster  Co.,  N.  Y.,  on  the  28th  of 
June,  1800,  and  was  eminently  favored  in  the  advantages  he  enjoyed  in 
youth  and  the  religious  influences  that  were  thrown  around  him  in  early 
life.  His  father  was  a  man  of  deep  piety,  one  of  the  pillars  of  the  church, 
and  of  good  repute  among  all  men.  His  mother  was  of  Huguenot  descent, 
inheriting  all  the  sterling  virtues  which  belong  to  that  heroic  race.  For 
generations,  on  both  sides  of  the  house,  he  was  of  a  godly  stock,  and  the 
first  unfolding  of  his  mind  was  under  the  most  auspicious  influences.  He 
devoted  himself  to  the  work  of  the  ministry  when  he  was  yet  young,  and 
all  his  plans  in  life  were  shaped  with  that  single  object  before  his  mind. 
His  preparation  for  college  was  made  under  the  instruction  of  his  pastor, 
Rev.  Mr.  Murphy,  a  man  of  ripe  scholarship,  under  whose  training  he  re- 
theological  studies  in  Amsterdam,  and  became  his  wife.  After  Ler  husband's 
early  death,  she  was  on  the  point  of  embarking  again  for  Holland  with  her 
two  children,  when  Mr.  Hardenbergh  made  her  an  offer  of  marriage,  and  she 
became  an  efficient  co-worker  with  him  in  his  important  services  to  his  coun- 
try and  Church. 

She  was  a  woman  of  great  intelligence,  an  extensive  reader  and  corre- 
spondent, and  her  influence  was  felt  throughout  the  denomination.  She  kept 
an  elaborate  journal,  exhibiting  great  spirituality  and  intellectual  vigor.  In 
the  interval  between  the  services  en  the  Sabbath,  she  failed  not  to  Improve 
the  time  for  religious  conversation.  She  died  at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty- 
two,  in  1807.  Tradition  yet  loves  to  dwell  upon  her  virtues.  The  original 
journal,  now  handsomely  bound,  is  in  the  archives  of  General  Synod.  A  trans- 
lation made  by  the  late  Rev.  Wm.  Demarest,  and  in  possession  of  his  family. 
■  ight  to  be   purchased  and  deposited  in  the  archives. 


THE    MINISTRY.  515 

ceived  a  thorough  classical  education.  He  was  associated  during  his  entire 
literary  and  theological  course  with  some  of  the  most  prominent  clergymen 
of  our  church,  and  he  entered  the  ministry  at  a  time  when  a  spirit  of  new 
vigor  and  enterprise  was  everywhere  manifesting  itself.  He  began  his 
labors  in  a  large  country  congregation  in  the  vicinity  of  Albany,  and  entered 
at  once,  with  that  remarkable  earnestness  for  which  he  was  always  dis- 
tinguished, upon  the  work  of  building  up  a  church  which  very  greatly 
needed  prudent  and  watchful  supervision.  From  this  first  field  he  was  very 
soon  called  to  positions  of  more  prominence,  and  by  successive  removals  be- 
came the  pastor  of  churches  in  New  Brunswick,  Philadelphia,  and  New 
York;  and  in  them  all  he  proved  himself  to  be  a  most  faithful,  honorable, 
and  efficient  minister  of  the  gospel.  Whether  we  take  into  view  the  native 
cast  of  his  mind,  his  domestic  training,  which  could  not  be  excelled,  the 
superior  advantages  he  enjoyed  in  the  prosecution  of  both  his  academical 
and  theological  course,  or  the  important  fields  of  labor  which  he  was  suc- 
cessively called  to  occupy,  we  must  surely  come  to  the  conclusion  that  he 
was  favored  above  the  generality  of  men  who  are  called  to  this  laborious 
and  responsible  service.  And  all  these  advantages  and  talents  he  turned  to 
good  account,  improving  every  opportunity  with  exemplary  diligence  and 
fidelity. 

There  was  a  remarkable  completeness  and  symmetry  in  the  formation  of 
his  character,  and  those  who  knew  him  were  accustomed  to  observe  that 
the  various  qualities  that  went  to  make  up  the  man  were  all  well  balanced. 
He  had  a  sound,  discriminating  mind,  a  ready  and  retentive  memory,  in 
which  were  carefully  treasured  the  results  of  study  and  observation.  His 
taste  was  uncommonly  exact,  which  exhibited  itself  in  all  of  his  public  per- 
formances;  he  was  distinguished  for  his  remarkable  knowledge  of  human 
nature,  and  for  the  possession,  in  a  high  degree,  of  that  excellent  quality, 
common  sense,  which  is  so  very  important  in  order  to  an  honorable  and  use- 
ful life.  He  was  constituted  with  an  unusual  share  of  benevolent  feeling. 
Kindness  was  one  of  the  first  principles  of  his  nature.  It  was  pictured  upon 
his  benevolent  countenance;  it  breathed  in  every  utterance  from  his  lips;  it 
impressed  every  one  who  came  in  contact  with  him  by  his  bland  and  kindly 
manner;  and  it  found  expression  in  the  artless  simplicity  and  tenderness  of 
his  whole  life.  This  characteristic  fitted  him  in  an  eminent  manner  for  the 
work  of  the  pastorate,  in  which  department  of  church  work,  according  to 
the  judgment  of  Dr.  Bethune,  who  had  the  very  best  opportunity  to  form 
his  opinion,  he  very  greatly  excelled.  His  manner  among  the  families  of 
his  people  was  engaging,  popular  and  instructive.  He  had  the  rare  art  of 
avoiding  the  formality  which  is  so  often  connected  with  the  work  of  visita- 
tion, and  could  tiirn  it,  as  few  have  the  ability,  into  an  occasion  of  spiritual 
profit  to  the  different  members  of  the  household.  He  had  the  faculty  of 
drawing  the  children  around  him,  as  many  who  have  grown  up  under  his 
ministry  very  pleasantly  remember.  In  the  sick-room  he  was  always  re- 
ceived as  a  friend  as  well  as  a  pastor  and  counselor,  and  no  one  could  have 
been  his  superior  in  the  homes  of  bereavement  and  trouble.  This  benevo- 
lent cast  of  his  mind  fitted  him  to  deal  with  those  numerous  cases  which 
are  occurring  in  the  ministry,  requiring  kind  and  cautious  treatment,  and  as 


5*6  THE    MINISTRY. 

a  healer  of  dissensions  he  was  very  eminent  and  uniformly  successful. 
When  he  assumed  the  charge  of  the  Franklin-street  Church,  he  found  it  ;n 
a  most  deplorable  state  of  anarchy  and  confusion.  A  long  period  of 
vacancy,  with  the  distractions  which  are  incident  to  the  system  of  candi- 
dating,  had  stirred  up  bitter  strifes  among  conflicting  parties.  The  church 
seemed  to  be  on  the  border  of  extinction,  and  many  thought  that  its  light 
must  go  out.  But  his  appearance  among  them  was  like  oil  poured  on  the 
troubled  waters.  He  knew  no  parties  among  them,  and  worked  only  for 
the  good  of  their  souls  and  the  glory  of  the  Master.  And  the  result  was 
seen  in  the  new  strength  imparted  to  every  interest  and  the  large  ingather- 
ing of  precious  souls.  And  yet  he  was  firm  and  decided  in  all  matters  that 
required  such  manner  of  dealing.  He  had  a  high  sense  of  honor,  and  was 
the  very  soul  of  integrity  in  speech  and  behavior.  When  a  case  came  to 
his  notice  in  which  there  was  a  manifest  exhibition  of  wrong-doing,  he 
could  utter  himself  in  words  of  stern  and  indignant  rebuke.  He  was  a  man 
of  strong  convictions,  and  valued  them  highly,  and  it  was  his  way  to  adhere 
to  them  with  unwavering  fidelity  in  all  matters  which  he  deemed  to  be  of 
importance. 

As  a  preacher  he  was  able,  instructive  and  forcible,  and  in  this  part  of 
his  work  he  must  certainly  be  classed  among  the  best  of  his  time.  His 
sermons  were  distinguished  by  a  most  careful  regard  to  method ;  they  were 
always  clearly  analyzed  and  written  in  good  taste,  and  abounded  in  a  full 
presentation  of  evangelical  truth.  His  voice  was  clear  and  penetrating,  his 
utterance  measured  and  emphatic,  his  gestures  were  strong,  but  not  very 
abundant,  and  his  whole  manner  in  the  pulpit  was  most  affectionate,  im- 
pressive and  dignified.  He  never  startled  his  hearers  with  any  questionable 
statements,  and  never  offended  in  the  least  degree  by  the  presentation  of 
untimely  topics.  He  was  a  scriptural  and  practical  preacher,  and  his  fervor 
was  most  intense,  exhibiting  itself  on  special  occasions,  as  on  communion 
seasons,  when  he  would  overflow  with  emotion  and  pour  out  his  soul  in 
words  of  unsurpassed  tenderness.  His  very  appearance  was  that  of  a 
guileless  minister  of  Christ.  In  stature  he  was  above  the  usual  standard, 
and  presented  a  most  commanding  physical  presence.  His  frame  was  well 
proportioned,  and  he  moved  along  the  streets  with  a  firm  and  vigorous 
step,  and  in  an  upright  form.  His  countenance  was  pleasant  and  strongly 
marked  with  the  characteristics  for  which  he  was  distinguished.  He  would 
attract  attention  from  strangers  by  his  dignified  and  noble  bearing.  He 
was  a  Christian  gentleman  of  the  purest  type,  and  a  minister  of  God  in 
whose  lips  there  was  no  guile. 

We  may  add  to  this  review  of  his  character  that  he  was  favored  in  his 
opportunities  for  doing  good,  and  in  the  results  which  attended  his  labors. 
He  was  a  very  diligent  worker,  attending  to  all  the  details  of  the  ministerial 
office,  and  discharging  every  part  of  his  duties  well.  Conversions  were 
numerous  in  all  the  fields  to  which  God  called  him.  His  pastorate  at 
Philadelphia  was  short,  covering  only  about  four  years.  But  it  was 
blessed  with  large  ingatherings.  During  this  period  two  hundred  and 
twenty-two  persons  were  added  to  the  communion.  It  was  a  time  of  con- 
tinuous revival,  and  that  church  looks  back  to  that  time  as  a  season  of 


THE   MINISTRY.  517 

great  prosperity  and  enlargement.  In  New  York  he  was  instrumental  in 
introducing  into  the  church  a  number  of  young  men  who,  encouraged  by 
his  example  and  his  enthusiasm  in  work,  entered  upon  the  gospel  ministry. 
Some  of  these  have  passed  away,  but  several  are  still  doing  acceptable  ser- 
vice both  in  our  own  and  other  denominations.  With  a  constitution  broken 
down  from  excessive  labors,  he  was  forced  to  relinquish  his  charge  in  1856, 
but  not  until  he  had  seen  the  new  church  erected  on  Twenty-third  street 
entirely  freed  from  debt,  well  filled  with  worshippers,  and  in  complete 
working  order.  The  beginnings  of  disease  were  visible  in  his  naturally 
strong  constitution,  and  by  the  advice  of  physicians  he  spent  some  years  in 
traveling.  But  wherever  we  find  him  he  is  seen  to  be  engaged  in  the  work 
which  he  so  greatly  loved,  preaching  Christ.  He  spent  some  months  at  the 
South,  and  churches  at  Savannah,  Augusta,  and  Macon,  where  he  preached 
for  several  weeks,  would  gladly  have  retained  him  for  their  pastor.  He 
went  abroad  to  try  the  mineral  waters  of  the  Continent,  and  at  Havre, 
where  he  spent  considerable  time,  he  went  down  to  the  docks  and  taught 
the  sailors,  who  thought  there  never  was  such  a  wonderful  man.  Return- 
ing to  his  home  in  New  York  somewhat  recruited,  he  again  sought  employ- 
ment for  his  Master,  and  found  it  in  missionary  work  in  a  neglected  part  of 
the  city.  Here  again  he  is  seen  toiling  for  Christ  and  souls  in  his  usual 
earnest  way;  going  into  lanes  and  alleys  among  the  poor  and  destitute,  in 
shop  and  store,  with  the  message  of  salvation.  And  at  each  communion 
season  he  had  his  reward  in  the  joy  of  ingathering.  But  infirmities  grew 
upon  him,  and  he  became  entirely  unable  to  engage  in  any  active  service. 
His  peaceful  death  occurred  on  the  morning  of  January  24,  1870. — Rev.  Dr. 
R.  H.  Steele. 

Publications:   Art,  in  "Sprague's  Annals,"  on  Rev.  C.  Bork. — "Efficacy 
of  Prayer";  in  "Pulpit  Repository,"  1850. 
Haring,  Garret  A.,  b.  1829,  1.  by  Seceders,  1865;  Schraalenburgh,  1869 

(Harkness,  Jas.,  b.   1803  in  Scotland;  S.S.  Franklin  St.,  N.Y.C.,  1840;  d. 

1878.) 
Harlow,  S.  (Washington  Hollow,  N.Y.)     From  Assoc.  N.Y.  1839;  Shokan, 

1839-49,  Samsonville,  1852-8,  emeritus,  d.  1861.    See  Manual  of  1879. 
Harmeling,  Henry,  b.  Oostburg,  Wis.,  Nov.  8,  1864;  H.C.  88,  N.B.S.  91, 

1.   CI.   Wisconsin;   Sheboygan  Falls,  Wis.,  91-4,  Alto,  Wis.,  94-1900; 

Chicago,  1st,  1900 

Harmeling,  Stephen  J.,  b.  Gibbsville,  Wis.,  Mar.  8,  1851 ;  H.C.  78,  N.B.S. 

81,  1.  CI.  Monmouth;  Spotswood,  N.  J.,  81-3,  Marion,  Dak.,  83-1901, 

CI.  missionary,  N.  Yakima,  Wash.,  1901 

Harper,  Jos.  A.,  b.  Ireland,  Sept.  20,   1839;  c.  to  America,  50;  R.C.  73, 

N.B.S.   75,   lie.    CI.    N.B. ;    Cortlandtown,   May  25,   75-90,    Greenville, 

1890 

Harriman,  Orlando,  C.C.  1835,  N.B.S.  38,  1.  CI.  N.Y. ;  Hurley,  Jan.-July, 

1840;  became  Episcopalian.  Died  at  Jacksonville,  Fla.,  Apr.  30,  1881. 
Harris,  David  Tappen,  b.  Morristown,  N.  J.,  May  13,  1848;  lie.  by  N.J. 

M.E.  Conf.  1890;  ord.  by  CI.  Montgomery,  91;  Manheim,  91-92,  Ma- 

makating,  92-95,  Port  Jervis,  2d,  95-09,  Esopus,  1809 


5l8  THE    MINISTRY. 

Harris,  Henry  R.,  S.S.   New  Concord,  1873-4. 

Harris,  Howard,  b.  at  Belleville,  N.  J.,  July  29,  1848;  R.C.  73,  N.B.S.  76, 
lie  CI.  Newark;  Unionville,  76-83,  Missionary  to  Japan,  1884 

Harris,  John  Ferguson,  b.  in  N.Y.C.  Oct.  13,  1828;  R.C.  53,  N.B.S.  56. 
1.  CI.  N.Y. :  ord.  by  CI.  Poughkeepsie ;  Cold  Spring,  N.  Y.  56-57.  Pomp- 
ton  Plains,  N.  J.  58-67,  Hurley  and  North  Marbletown,  67-76,  Hurley, 
76-78,  supplying  churches,  78-86,  Cherry  Hill,  86-91,  Spotswood.  91-93. 
Hyde  Park,  93-Jan.  98;  d.  Mar.  14. 

His  grandfather,  John  Ferguson  was,  at  one  time,  mayor  of  New  York, 
and  afterward  naval  officer  of  that  port.  He  early  united  with  the  Col- 
legiate Church.  He  married  Susan,  daughter  of  Rev.  Dr.  Benj.  C.  Taylor, 
of  Bergen,  N.  J.  From  1878-86,  he  lived  at  Kingston,  N.  Y.,  supplying  the 
Presbyterian  church  of  Cornwall  for  a  considerable  period.  When  urged 
to  give  up  service,  on  account  of  failing  health,  he  replied,  "I  want  to  con- 
tinue my  work  just  as  long  as  I  am  able  to  do  so."  He  devoted  himself  to 
the  ministry  in  early  youth,  and  always  preached  a  pure  evangelical  doc- 
trine. He  was  a  faithful  pastor,  and  always  endeared  himself  to  the  young. 
See  "Mints.  Gen  Syn.,"  1898,  243— "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,"  1898, 
21. 

Harsha,  Wm.  Justin,  b.  Hanover,  111.,  Apr.  20,  1853;  C.N.J.  74,  McCormick 
Sem.  77,  lie.  Presb.  Springfield,  III,  76;  ord.  by  Presb.  of  Omaha,  77, 
(Omaha  1st,  Presb.  77-92),  Harlem,  N.Y.C.  2d  Collegiate,  92-9,  (Den- 
ver, Col.  Presbyt.  ch.  of  Highland  Park,  1901 

Publications:  "Biblical  Hermeneutics." — "Sabbath-day  Journeys." — 
"Ploughed  Under."— "A  Timid  Brave."— "Sings  as  He  Walks,"  etc. 

Hart,  Charles  Edward,  b.  at  Freehold,  N.  J.;  C.N.J.  1858,  P.S.  61,  1. 
Presbyt.  N.Y.  60;  ord.  by  same,  Dec.  6,  63;  (40th  st.  Presbyt.  Ch. 
N.Y.C.  (Murray  Hill),  63-6);  Newark,  North,  66-80,  Prof,  of  Eng. 
Lang,  and  Lit.  in  R.C.  80-97;  Theodore  Freylinghuysen,  Prof,  of  Eth- 
ics, Evidences  of  Christianity,  and  the  English  Bible  in  R.C.  1897 

Publications  :    "Courtesy" ;  a  sermon  preached  in  chapel  of  Rutgers  Col- 
lege, 1889,  and  pubd.  by  request. 
Hart,  John,  b.  in  Pa.,  1843;  R.C.  1869,  N.B.S.  1872,  lie.  CI.  Philadelphia; 

Locust  Valley,  1872-5,  Neshanie,  1875 

Hartig,  Franz,  b.  in  Amorbach,  Bavaria,  1850;  Gymnasium  of  Acchaffen- 
burg;  came  to  America,  1869;  Bloomfield  Theolog.  School,  79;  (Pleas- 
ant Dale,  N.  J.,  Presb.)  82-9,  Jamaica,  St.  Paul's  Ger.  Ch.,  1889-99,  d. 
He  came  from  a  noble  family.     His  father  was  governor  for  a  long  time 
of  a  province  in  Germany.     He  was  splendidly  equipped,  physically,  for  his 
work,  and  had  also  a  strong  mind.     He  possessed  a  never-failing  humor, 
which  made  him  a  good  companion.    As  a  pastor  he  was  energetic  and  tire- 
less in  his  efforts.     He  regarded  the  ministry  as  the  noblest  of  all  callings. 
He  never  looked  for  honor  or  worldly  gain,  and  his  labors  were  crowned 
with  fruitful  results.     "Mints.  Gen  Syn.,"  1899,  567. 


THE   MINISTRY.  519 

Hartley,  Isaac  Smithson,  b.  N.Y.C.  Sept.  20,  1830;  N.Y.U.  52,  U.S.  53-4, 
A.S.  54-6,  Res.  Lie.  57-8;  1.  by  Andover  Assoc.  1856;  Union  Ch.  Sixth 
av.  N.Y.C.  64-9,  Philadelphia,  2d,  70-1,  Utica,  1871-89;  Episcopalian, 
90;  Trustee  of  R.C.  1873-93.  D.D.  by  R.C.  1873.  (Great  Barrington, 
Mass.,  90-1899,  died  July  3.) 

Publications  :  Sermon  on  "Transfiguration  of  Christ" ;  "National 
Preacher,"  1865. — "Revivals"  (a  series  of  articles  on)  ;  "Christian  Intelli- 
gencer," 1866-7. — "Testimony  of  Profane  History  to  the  Coming  of  a 
Saviour" ;  "American  Theological  Review,"  1869. — "How  to  Reach  the 
Masses." — "Thanksgiving  Sermon." — "Anniversary  Address  before  the 
City  Tract  Society  of  Philadelphia";  "Philadelphia  Enquirer,"  1870. — "A 
'Charge'  to  a  Pastor";  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  1871. — The  "Vedder  Lec- 
tures," 1874. — "Prayer,  its  Relation  to  Modern  Thought  and  Criticism," 
1874. — Oration,  "Decoration  Day,"  1874. — Several  Hymns. — Welcome  Ad- 
dress State  Sunday-school  Convention ;  several  discourses  on  the  Cities  of 
Palestine,  Memorials  of  the  East,  the  Great  Religions  of  the  World,  etc., 
etc.,  "Utica  Herald,"  1875-7. 

Hartranft,  Chester  D.  (son-in-law  of  J.  F.  Berg)  ;  b.  Frederick,  Pa.,  Oct 
15,  1839;  U.  Pa.  61,  N.B.S.  64,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia;  South  Bushwick, 
64-6,  New  Brunswick,  2d,  66-78,  Prof,  of  Bib.  and  Ecc.  Hist,  in  the 
Hartford  Theolog.  Seminary,  Ct.  (Cong.)  78-88,  President  of  Hartford 
Theological  Sem.  and  Prof,  of  Biblical  Theology,  1888 

Also  teaching  Theological  Cyclopedia  and  Ecc.  Dogmatics  and  Ethics. 
Mus.  D.  by  R.C.  1861.     D.D.  by  R.C  1876. 

Publications  :  The  Moral  Ideas  which  controlled  the  American  Govern- 
ment during  the  First  Century  of  its  existence.  Address  before  the  New 
Brunswick  Historical  Club,  1875. — The  Importance  of  Cherishing  a  Historic 
Spirit.  Centennial  Discourse,  No.  XXII.  1876. — The  Aims  of  a  Theological 
Seminary;  an  Address  before  the  Alumni  Assoc,  June  7,  1877. — Transla- 
tion and  Enlargement  of  the  Exposition  of  Numbers  and  Deuteronomy  in 
Lange's  Commentary. — The  Anti-Donatist  Writings :  translated  by  Rev. 
J.  R.  King,  M.A. ;  Revised,  with  Additional  Notes,  by  Dr.  Hartranft,  with 
an  Introduction;  In  Nicene  and  Post-Nicene  Fathers  of  Christian  Ch.,  edi- 
ted by  Dr.  Schaff,  Vol.  iv,  pp.  369  onwards. — Address  in  chapel  of  Hartford 
Sem.  in  Memory  of  Prof.  Wm.  S.  Karr,  1888. — Some  Thoughts  on  the 
Scope  of  Theology  and  Theolog.  Education ;  Inaugural  Address  as  Presi- 
dent of  Hartford  Theological  Sem.  1888,  2  eds. — Address  in  Memory  of 
Prof.  Wm.  Thompson,  at  funeral  service  at  Hosmer  Hall,  Mar.  1,  1889, 
and  at  a  commemorative  service,  May  9,  1889. — Sozomenus ;  Church  Hist, 
from  A.D.  323-425 ;  in  Schaff  and  Wace  Nicene  and  Post-Nicene  Fathers, 
Vol.  ii,  pp.  179-454.  1890. — Memorial  address  on  Edward  Cone  Bissell : 
Chicago,  1894. — Influence  of  Biblical  Theology  on  the  Theological  Sci- 
ences; Inaugural  Address,  June  6,  1894. — The  Incarnation  Historically 
Considered ;  See  Christ  and  the  Church ;  Essays  concerning  the  Church  and 
the  Unification  of  Christendom.  1895. — Address  at  Inauguration  of  Presi- 
dent Perry,  of  Marietta  College,  Oct.  9,  1900. 


520  THE    MINISTRY. 

Hasbrouck,  Howabd  Crosby,  b.  Jamaica,  L.  I.,  March  i,  1870;  R.C.  91, 

N.B.S.  94,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Peapack,  1894-1900,  Piermont,  1900 

Hasbrouck,  J.  R.  H.     Studied  under  Froeligh,  1.  1808;  Klein,  Esopus,  and 

Bloomingdale,  1809-13,  Charlestown,  1st,  and  Canajoharie  (Mapletown 

and    Westerlo,   15-26),   Root,   now    Currytown,   26-30,   w.   c.     1830-44. 

Sketch  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  Feb.  9,  1854. 
Hastings,  S.   M.   P.   Ham.   C.   1833,  Aub.   Sem.   1837,   I.    Presbyt.  Oneida; 

Vernon,  N.   Y.,  39-48,   Pompey,  48-55,  Chittenango,   55-59,  Coxsackie, 

60-70,  Rochester,  1870-6,  d.  Feb.  24. 
Haughevoort,  see  Haeghoort. 

Hauser,  George,  Plainfield,  (Ger.)  1894 

Hawthorne,  Hugh,  1835. 

Hawxhurst,  Dan.  T.     R.C.  1873,  N.B.S.  1873-4. 

Hayt,  S.  A.     1868,  w.  c. 

Hazenburg.  Wm.     H.C.  1872,  H.S.  1875,  lie.  CI ;  Fulton,  111.,  1875-7, 

Passaic  (Hoi.,)   1877-79,  returned  to  Holland;  went  to  Africa  to  labor 

among  Mohammedans. 
Hedges,  Hugh  G.    R.C.  1846,  N.B.S.,  died,  1848. 
Heemstra,  John  F.     H.C.  95,  N.B.S.  1898,  Immanuel  98-9,  Sioux  Centre, 

la.,  1899 

Heeren.  Enne  J.,  b.  in  Uttun,  East  Friesland,  Europe,  Nov.   13,   1842;  c. 

to  U.S.  with  his  parents  in  1855;  H.C.  1867,  H.S.  1870,  lie.  and  ord. 

by  CI.  Wisconsin,  Feb.  7,  1872;  journey  to  India,  via  San  Francisco, 

Feb. -Apr.  1872,  Mudnapilly  and  Palamanair,  India,  1872-7,  voyage  to 

America,  1877 d.  Oct.  15,  1878,  at  Pueblo,  Colorado. 

His  undoubted  piety,  studious  habits,  and  far-reaching  conscientiousness 
gained  for  him  solid  confidence  among  his  professors,  fellow-students,  and 
the  circle  of  Christian  people  in  which  he  moved.  While  yet  a  student,  he 
had.  after  much  prayer  and  self-examination,  devoted  himself  to  the 
Foreign  Missionary  work.  The  Classes  of  Holland,  Wisconsin,  and  Grand 
River  accepted  him  as  their  representative  in  the  foreign  field,  and  became 
responsible  for  his  salary.  He  was  the  only  representative  of  our  Church 
in  the  Arcot  mission  while  Dr.  Chamberlain  was  in  America.  At  the  end 
of  that  time  his  system  seems  to  have  been  entirely  broken  down.  He  had 
to  return  home,  leaving,  however,  the  remains  of  two  little  ones  buried  in 
Indian  soil.  It  was  hoped  that  under  changed  circumstances  he  might  re- 
gain the  usual  vigor  of  a  once  strong  constitution.  His  physicians  recom- 
mended a  change  of  climate  and  advised  him  to  leave  Foreston,  111.,  for 
Colorado.  On  his  way  thither  they  stayed  with  some  of  Mrs.  Heeren's 
relatives  in  Orange  City,  Iowa.  They  were  detained  there  by  his  own 
weakness  and  the  ill-health  of  his  wife.  After  some  time,  however,  they 
were  able  to  journey  to  Colorado,  but  only  four  days  after  their  arrival  in 
Pueblo,  God  took  him  to  Himself,  and  he  rested  from  his  labors.  Thus  a 
precious  life  was  cut  off  in  the  beginning  of  its  career  of  usefulness,  the 
deceased  brother  being  only  thirty-six  years  of  age.  Born  in  Europe,  he 
labored  in  the  far  East,  and  died  in  the  far  West.  Although  young,  he  was 
.    irood  scholar  and  a  devout  Christian. 


THE    MINISTRY.  521 

Heermance,  Edgar  L.  (s.  of  Henry  Heermance)  ;  Y.C.  1858,  A.S.  61,  1.  by 
Cen.  Assoc.  New 'Haven,  61 ;  Castleton,  61-9,  tour  in  Europe  and  Pales- 
tine, 69-70,  w.  c.  70-2  (White  Plains,  N.  Y.  (Presbyt.),  1872-88,  d. 
Apr.  29.) 

Heermance,  Harrison,  b.  at  Rhinebeck,  N.  Y.;  R.C.  1834,  N.B.S.  37,  1.  CI. 

Poughkeepsie,     ;      Currytown    and    Mapletown,    37-40      (Milton 

Presbyt.  40-3),  Buskirk's  Bridge,  44-5,  Medina,  46-51,  Jefferson  and 
Pottsford,  51-7,  Macon,  57-62,  Chaplain  128th  Reg.  N.Y.V.  1864.  Died, 
Feb.  21,  1883. 

For  the  last  twenty  years  of  his  life,  owing  to  impaired  health,  he  was 
unable  to  endure  the  fatigues  of  a  pastoral  charge.  Yet  he  never  wearied 
of  counseling  and  laboring  for  the  prosperity  of  the  Church.  He  was 
devotedly  attached  to  his  Church,  both  hereditarily  and  by  conviction,  and 
had  an  intelligent  appreciation  of  its  distinctive  characteristics.  This  led 
him  to  devote  himself  in  the  early  days  of  our  Western  missions,  to  con- 
secrate himself  to  that  work.  From  1846  to  1862  he  labored  at  different 
points  in  Michigan,  his  last  field  being  the  Churches  of  Macon  and  South 
Macon. 

On  the  outbreak  of  the  rebellion,  with  all  the  earnestness  of  his  intense 
nature,  he  threw  himself  into  the  war  for  the  Union,  and  not  only  gave  his 
eldest  son  to  the  cause,  but  himself;  and  his  last  official  position  was  as 
chaplain  in  the  army.  His  exposures  while  in  the  field,  and  the  death  of 
his  son  in  the  war,  shattered  his  robust  constitution,  and  on  his  retirement 
from  the  army  he  came  home  to  Rhinebeck,  and  spent  quietly  but  usefully 
the  remaining  years  of  his  life. 

Mr.  Heermance  was  a  man  of  intense  convictions,  uncompromising  char- 
acter and  unswerving  loyalty  to  truth  and  duty.  As  a  preacher  he  de- 
lighted to  present  the  doctrines  of  grace,  and  believed  in  standing  by  the 
old  landmarks.  He  was  peculiarly  gifted  in  prayer,  and  this  was  the  fea- 
ture of  his  public  exercises  that  was  ever  particularly  remarked.  In  his 
prayers  he  carried  the  worshipper  into  the  very  presence  chamber  of  the 
King  of  Kings. 

Heermance,  Henry,  b.  at  Nassau,  1801,  U.C.,  N.B.S.  26,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Oyster 
Bay  and  North  Hempstead,  26-7,  Miss,  at  Stuyvesant,  27-8,  Sand 
Beach,  March-Nov.  29,  Blawenbergh,  32-5,  Kinderhook,  35-6,  died, 
1846.     See  Manual  of  1879. 

Hegeman,  see  Hageman. 

Heineger,  John,  Jersey  City,  1st  Ger.  1896-1900. 

Heines,  Cornelius,  b.  Oldeboom,  Netherlands,  Aug.  4,  1862;  c.  to  Amer- 
ica, 93;  lie.  by  CI.  Illinois,  July  10,  1894;  Otley,  la.,  93-97,  Lafayette, 
Ind.,  97-8,  Danforth,  111.,  98-9,  Kalamazoo,  1899 

Hekhuis,  Gerrit  John,  b.  Holland,  Mich.,  Aug.  2,  i860;  H.C.  85,  W.S. 
88,  1.  CI.  Holland;  Springfield,  Mich.,  88-91,  Bethany  Ch.  Roseland, 
Chicago,  1891 

Hekhuis,  Lambertus,  b.  in  Holland,  Mich.,  1849;  H.C.  77,  N.B.S.  80,  1.  CI. 
Holland ;  ord.  by  same,  Dec,  81 ;  sailed  Dec.  16,  81  for  India,  via 
England   and   Red    Sea ;   arr.   at  Liverpool   Dec.  27,   81 ;   sailed   from 


522  THE    MINISTRY. 

Liverpool  Jan.  3,  82;  arrived  in  Arcot 82.     Died,  Sept.  10,  1888. 

M.D.  by  Univer.  Med.  Coll.  N.Y.C.  1881. 
He  was  devoted  as  a  missionary  to  his  work,  and  possessed  the  confidence 
and  love  of  his  fellow  laborers.  His  desire  to  benefit  as  large  a  number 
as  possible,  was  seen  not  only  in  the  care  of  the  villages  and  churches 
committed  to  his  charge,  and  in  the  hospital  and  dispensary,  but  also  in  the 
industrial  school.  He  died  on  the  field  of  battle  in  the  vigor  of  manhood, 
and  useful  prospects  looming  up  before  him.  In  February,  1888,  he  received 
a  slight  scratch  in  the  face  from  the  tooth  of  a  dog,  which  proved  to  be 
mad.  Though  hopes  were  cherished,  from  the  time  that  had  elapsed,  that 
no  sad  results  would  follow  that  scratch,  they  were  doomed  to  disappoint- 
ment, f 

Henderson,    William   J.,   b.   in   Pa.,    1844;    C.N.J.   70,   P.S.   73;   Annadale, 

86-91.     For  other  details,  see  P.  S.  Gen.  Cat. 
Hendricks,  John,  b.  in  Rhinebeck,   1782;  U.C.   1808,  studied  under  Brod- 

head  and  Livingston,  lie.  CI.  N.Y.  1810;  d.  Aug.  6,  1876.     See  Manual 

of  1879. 
Hendrickson,  Henry  A.     R.C.    1875,   N.B.S.  78;  lie.   N.   CI.   L.I. ;   Colt's 

Neck,  1878-82,  Schodack  Landing,  N.Y.,  82-87,  Ellenville,  87-1895,  w.  c. 
Henry,  Jas.  Vernor,  b.  in  Albany,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  12,  1798;  C.N.J.  1815;  P.S. 

1821,  Ithaca,  Mar.  4,  1846-9,  supplied  Jersey  City,  1st,  1851.    Died  1873, 

Mar.  14.     See  Manual  of  1879,  and  P.S.  Cat. 
Henshaw,  Marshall,  b.  Bethany,  Pa.,  Oct.  3,  1820;  A.C.  1845,  U.S.  1846-7; 

tutor  in  Am.  Col.  1847-9,  ord.  by  Cong.  Feb.  1849;  (Prin.,  Derry,  N.H., 

1849-53,  Prin.,  Byfield,  Mass.,  1853-9)  ;  Prof.  Nat.  Phil,  and  Math,  in 

Rutgers   Coll.,    1859-63;    (Prin.   Williston   Sem.,    E.    Hampton,   Mass., 

1863-77),  Lecturer  on  Nat.  Phil,  at  Am.  Coll.,  81-91.     LL.D.  by  N.Y.U. 

1863,  D.D.  by  Am.C.  1872.     Died,  Dec,  1900. — "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads. 

R.C.,"  1901,  5. 
Herge,  Henry    John,   l>.   Allegheny,    Pa.,   Nov.  22,    1875;    Ger.     Presbyt. 

Theolog.  School,  Newark,  N.  J.,  1901 ;  lie.  by  Presbyt.  of  Baltimore ; 

Canarsie,  1901 

Herman,  Albert  Benj.,  b.   Sebringville,  Ontario,  Canada,  Sept.   1,   1863; 

R.C.  87,  N.B.S.  90,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Long  Branch,  90-7,  Mount  Pleasant, 

N.  Y.,  1897 

Heyer,  Wm.  S.,  b.  in  N.Y.C.  1798;  C.C.   15,  studied  under  Mason,  17-21. 

1.  CI.  N.Y.  21 ;  supplied  Philadelphia,  21,  and  Newburgh,  22,  Fishkill 

Landing,  23-51,  emeritus,  1862,  d.  1866. 
He  intended  to  pursue  the  mercantile  life,  but  he  could  not  get  rid  of  the 
idea  that  he  must  preach  the  gospel.  He  afterward  learned  that  an  emi- 
nent Christian  lady  had  agonized  in  prayer  that  he  might  consecrate  him- 
self to  the  ministry.  His  labors  were  not  distinguished  by  extraordinary 
seasons  of  revival,  but  were  blessed  with  constant  accessions  from  the 
world,  so  that  at  one  time  the  number  of  communicants,  in  proportion  to 
the  number  of  families,  was  larger  than  in  any  other  church  in  the  denomi- 
nation. He  had  not  the  qualities  of  the  brilliant  preacher,  but  was  a  scribe 
well  instructed  in  the  things  of  the  kingdom,  not  neglecting  the  gift  that 


THE    MINISTRY.  523 

was  in  him.  His  sermons  were  pre-eminently  evangelical,  earnest,  solemn, 
affectionate  in  tone,  and  adapted  to  all  classes.  He  ever  remembered  his 
position,  though  at  all  times  singularly  genial  in  temper,  and  accessible  in 
demeanor.  He  was  in  an  eminent  degree  a  godly  man.  "It  seems  to  me 
that  brother  Heyer  is  always  on  the  mount,"  said  our  missionary  Young- 
blood,  to  a  friend,  after  one  of  his  calls.  "How  long  do  you  expect  to 
have  your  husband  here?"  said  a  lady  to  Mrs.  H.,  on  leaving  a  daily  prayer- 
meeting  in  Newburgh ;  "he  seems  so  ripe  for  heaven  that  I  fear  it  cannot 
be  long."  After  the  relinquishment  of  his  charge,  he  preached  as  opportu- 
nity offered,  and  labored  in  the  jail.  His  character  was  a  singularly  well- 
balanced  one.  Except  his  deep-toned  piety,  which  was  always  visible,  there 
was  in  it  no  single  salient  trait.  He  was  so  simple,  straightforward,  and 
natural,  that  his  character  was  soon  obvious.  As  a  man  and  a  minister,  he 
was  ever  loyal  to  conscience.  Whatever  duty  was  imposed  upon  him,  he 
performed  it,  however  painful  it  might  be,  and  it  was  done  kindly,  tenderly, 
yet  with  decision.  He  was  a  man  strong  in  the  faith,  and  also  in  the  form 
of  sound  words.  He  bowed  to  the  authority  of  the  divine  word  with  the 
profoundest  reverence.  He  could  testify  to  the  ineffable  graciousness  of 
the  gospel,  and  its  power  to  sustain  under  the  keenest  afflictions.  It  had 
not  only  delivered  him  from  the  fear  of  death,  but  created  within  him  an 
eager  desire  to  depart  and  be  with  Christ.  Indeed,  this  was  his  ordinary 
and  habitual  state  of  mind.  The  day  before  his  death  he  said  to  his  wife, 
"A  little  more  suffering,  and  then  the  crown !  I  shall  see  Jesus !  I  shall  be 
like  him — like  him  !" — "Mag.  R.D.C."  ii.  64,  74. 
Heyser,  H.  C,  from  G.R.  Ch.  New  Brooklyn,  1867. 
Hicks,  W.  W.,  from  Methodist  Ch.     Lee  Avenue,  Brooklyn,  1867-8. 

Publications:  "Story  of  Ike  Cottle,"  1868. 
Hieber,  Louis,  b.  Landsberg,  Bavaria,  June  19,  1863;  R.C.  88-9,  N.B.S.  92, 
1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Stuyvesant  Falls,  92-3,  New  Hyde  Park,  93-5,  Blooming 
Grove,  95-7,  Cuddebackville,  97-9,  w.  c. 
Higgins,  Chs.  W.,  b.  at  Weston,  in  Somerset  Co.,  N.  J.,  Mar.  23,  1853; 
R.C.,  N.B.S.  77,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  supplying  Cherrytown,  N.  Y.,  78-9,  en- 
gaged in  business  and  mission  work,  at  Omaha,  Neb.  ;  ord.  by  Presbyt. 
of  Gunnison  (Synod  of  Colorado),  1898. 

Hill,  Alexander,  Rotterdam,  1st,  1890 

Hill,  Eugene,  b.  Rosendale,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  12,  1846;  Ellenville  Academy, 
63;  in  the  army,  64-6;  ord.  CI.  Kingston,  May,  81,  Bloomingdale,  81-3, 
Esopus,  83-6,  Three  Bridges,  86-91,  Clarkstown,  91-7,  Coxsackie,  1st, 

97-1901,  Garfield,  1901 

Publications  :     "Hist  of  Coxsackie,  1st  Church." 
Hill,  Wm.   Bancroft,  b.   Colebrook,  N.  H.,  Feb.   17,  1857;  Harvard,  79, 
U.S.  86,  lie.  Presb.  Baltimore  (North)  85;  ord.  Ch.  Greene,  86;  Athens, 

86-90,  Poughkeepsie,  2d,  1890 

Hill,  Wm.  J.,  b.  in  Ireland,   N.B.S.   1872,  lie.  CI.  Westchester;  Miss,  at 

Millbrook,  72,  East  New  York,  75-82,  Glenville,  2d,  82-4  (Presbyt.) 
Hillmann,  Alex.  C.     C.C.   1832,  N.B.S.  1836,  1.  CI.  N.  Y.  1836;  Stone- 
house   Plains,    1838-41,   Vanderveer,    1841-2,   Roxbury  and   Moresville, 


5^4  THE    MINISTRY. 

1843-5,   Wurtsboro,   1846-9,  Blue  Mountain,  1852-8,   w.  c.     Died   1876, 
Nov.  20. 
Himrod,  John  S.,  b.  Dec.  10,  1813;  R.C.  39,  N.B.S.  42,  1.  CI.  Albany;  Hills- 
dale,  42-3,    Claverack,   2d,   45-51,   S.S.    South    Bushwick,   51-3,    South 
Bushwick,  53-9,  Greenport,  61-82,  d. 

Publications  :    "Address  at  Funeral  of  Rev.  Edwin  Holmes,"  1874. 

As  a  man,  a  Christian  and  a  minister  he  was  a  model  of  personal  excel- 
lence and  official  worth.  He  devoted  the  best  years  of  his  life  to  the  up- 
building of  the  new  and  important  enterprise  at  South  Bushwick  (now  in 
Brooklyn),  N.  Y.  Failing  health,  however,  in  1859,  compelled  him  to  re- 
linquish this  field.  In  1861  he  had  so  far  regained  strength  that  he  accepted 
the  call  to  Greenport,  and  here  he  spent  twenty  years  of  unremitting  toil 
and  successful  achievement.  His  character  was  a  rare  combination  of 
simplicity  and  strength,  wisdom  and  worth.  A  more  guileless  man  it  was 
impossible  to  find,  and  yet  there  was  a  masculine  vigor  in  his  nature  which 
impressed  itself  upon  all  with  whom  he  was  associated.  In  knowledge  of 
men  and  things  he  was  singularly  wise,  and  yet  in  his  intercourse  with  all 
about  him  he  exhibited  the  utmost  humility  and  spirituality.  His  being 
was  suffused  with  the  spirit  of  Christ.  His  sermons  were  saturated  with 
the  doctrines  of  Christ.  For  him  to  live  was  Christ.  His  ministry  was, 
therefore,  exceptionally  successful.  In  all  the  churches  in  which  he  labored, 
rich  results  attended  his  efforts.  Temporal  prosperity  and  spiritual  growth 
were  the  invariable  accompaniments  of  his  ministerial  life.  His  work  in 
Greenport  was  signally  crowned  with  God's  blessing.  A  new  edifice  was 
erected  during  his  pastorate,  and  frequent  revivals  resulted  in  many  acces- 
sions to  the  .membership  of  the  church. 

Hinds,  Herbert  Calvin,  Schenectady,  2d,  87-91. 

Hitchcock,  Edward  Wm.,  b.  Homer,  N.  Y.,  May  1,  1833 ;  Y.C.  57,  Aub. 
Sem.  60,  ord.  by  S.  CI.  N.Y.,  Aug.  8,  60;  Tompkinsville,  S.  I.,  60-6, 
New  York  14th  st.  Presb.,  66-72,  Am.  Chapel,  Paris,  72-83  and  beyond. 
Died,  Sept.  19,  1901. 

Hock,  Frederic  W.,  Newtown,  2d  (Ger.),  1894-6. 

Hudson,  Joseph  Merlin,  Fordham,  1894 

Hoekje,  John,  b.  at  Hellendoorn,  Netherlands,  1846;  H.C.  75,  H.S.  and 
N.B.S.  78,  1.  CI.  Holland;  Rotterdam,  Kan.,  1878-91,  Fremont,  Mich., 
1891 

Hoes,  John  Cantine  Farrell,  b.  Middleburg,  N.  Y.,  July  13,  181 1;  A.C.  32, 
P.S.  35,  lie.  by  Presbyt.  New  Brunswick,  34;  ord.  by  CI.  of  Cayuga, 
Apr.  22,  36;  Chittenango,  36-7,  Ithaca,  37-45,  Kingston,  45-67,  resigned, 
supplied  churches  frequently.     D.D.  by  U.C.  1852.     Died    Feb.  9,  1883. 

The  Rev.  John  Cantine  Farrell  Hoes,  D.D.,  was  the  son  of  Peter  I.  Hoes, 
of  Kinderhook,  N.  Y.,  whose  sister  Hannah  was  the  wife  of  Martin  Van 
Buren.  His  mother  was  Maria,  daughter  of  Peter  Swart,  of  Schoharie, 
N.  Y.,  who  was  an  officer  in  the  Revolutionary  war.  Subsequently  he  was 
a  Judge  of  Schoharie  County,  State  Assemblyman  and  Senator,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  Congress  under  the  second  administration  of  Jefferson. 


THE    MINISTRY.  525 

Dr.  Hoes  enjoyed  all  the  advantages  of  a  Christian  nurture,  both  at  home 
and  in  the  society  in  which  his  lot  was  cast.  He  united  with  the  Reformed 
Dutch  Church  of  Kinderhook,  N.  Y.,  when  only  sixteen  years  of  age,  in  a 
revival  under  the  ministry  of  the  Rev.  Jacob  Sickles,  D.D. 

In  1835,  while  still  in  the  Seminary,  he  received  his  first  call  from  the 
Reformed  Church  at  Clover  Hill,  N.  J.,  which  was  declined.  When 
called  in  the  same  year  to  the  Reformed  Church  of  Chittenango,  N.  Y.,  he 
so  mistrusted  his  ability  to  meet  the  expectations  of  the  people,  on  account 
of  his  youth  and  inexperience,  that  he  proposed  to  preach  for  them  a  year 
before  being  installed.  The  trial  being  satisfactory  he  was  ordained  and 
installed  on  April  22,  1836.  More  than  twenty  years  later,  having  com- 
pleted a  pastorate  of  eight  years  in  the  Reformed  Church  of  Ithaca,  N.  Y., 
and  while  serving  in  Kingston,  N.  Y.,  the  Church  of  Chittenango  again 
tried  to  secure  his  services,  offering  a  much  larger  salary  than  he  was  re- 
ceiving, but  the  Church  of  Kingston  was  unwilling  to  let  him  go,  especially 
as  a  remarkable  revival  had  just  been  enjoyed.  In  1849  he  received  a  call 
from  the  Reformed  Church  of  Lodi,  N.  Y.,  but  the  Kingston  Church  voted 
unanimously  to  retain  his  services,  and  the  call  was  declined.  He  remained 
pastor  in  Kingston  for  twenty-two  years,  during  which  time  a  new  stone 
church  was  erected,  which  stands  to-day  a  model  of  ecclesiastical  archi- 
tecture. 

After  completing  his  pastorate,  his  congregation  presented  him  with  a 
written  testimonial  of  their  regard,  signed  by  more  than  three  hundred 
persons. 

Dr.  Hoes  resided  in  Kingston  until  his  death,  February  9,  1883,  and 
identified  himself  with  its  varied  enterprises.  During  the  War  of  the  Re- 
bellion he  was  a  stanch  patriot,  aiding  the  cause  with  unfaltering  zeal,  both 
from  his  pulpit,  and  upon  the  public  platform.  His  voice  was  frequently 
heard  in  the  various  "War  Meetings"  which  made  the  old  Court  House 
memorable.  Next  to  the  Church  of  Christ  there  was  no  public  cause  nearer 
his  heart  than  that  of  education.  For  twenty  years  he  was  a  trustee  of  the 
old  historic  Kingston  Academy,  and  President  of  its  Board  of  Trustees  for 
ten  years.  In  1867  he  was  elected  President  of  the  Board  of  Superin- 
tendents of  the  Theological  Seminary,  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church,  at 
New  Brunswick,  N.  J.  From  1854  until  his  death  he  was  a  life  director 
of  the  American  Bible  Society,  and  from  1839  was  a  life  director  of  the 
American  Tract  Society. 

After  Dr.  Hoes'  resignation  of  the  Kingston  Church,  he  frequently  sup- 
plied neighboring  churches.  His  wide  acquaintance  with  the  churches 
around  him,  and  his  acceptableness  as  a  preacher,  brought  these  opportu- 
nities often  to  him,  and  thus  the  influence  he  had  wielded,  when  in  charge 
of  a  parish,  he  continued  to  exert  through  these  frequent  ministrations  to 
the  very  last.  "He  was  a  well-furnished,  intelligent,  faithful  and  efficient 
minister  of  the  Word,  thoroughly  evangelical  in  doctrine  and  in  his  preach- 
ing, in  which  he  sought  to  present  'the  whole  counsel  of  God,'  and  to  bring 
the  great  truths  of  God's  wisdom  and  redeeming  love,  through  Jesus  Christ, 
home  to  the  heart,  the  understanding  and  the  conscience  of  men.  His 
'trumpet  gave  no  uncertain   sound,'  and  the  message  he  felt  honored  to 


526  THE    MINISTRY. 

bring  was  never  vague  or  misty,  so  that  the  hearer  failing  to  comprehend 
it,  might  easily  evade  its  force.  It  was  perspicuous,  direct  and  pointed,  so 
that  every  one  listening,  must  feel  the  significance  and  bearing  of  it  as  a 
matter  of  personal  concern,  and  as  impressing  personal  responsibility." 

His  people  were,  therefore,  well  instructed  and  ready  and  willing  to 
work.  Dr.  Hoes  was  very  methodical  in  all  his  habits.  His  full  and  ac- 
curate knowledge  extended  to  the  minutest  details  of  things  important  for 
him  to  know,  in  order  to  make  his  administration  effective.  In  the  Church 
Courts  he  was  an  able  and  ready  debater,  and  was  strong  and  fearless  in 
expressing  his  convictions.  He  was  thoroughly  familiar  with  the  consti- 
tution and  usages  of  the  Church,  and  united  Christian  courtesy  with  knowl- 
edge and  ability  in  supporting  his  opinions. 

"He  left  behind  him  a  name  whose  memory  can  never  fade  in  the  com- 
munity where  he  lived,  and  his  virtues  are  deeply  enshrined,  in  the  hearts 
of  those  who  knew  him  best  and  loved  him  most."  In  addition  to  an  in- 
terior marble  tablet  in  the  Kingston  Church,  erected  to  the  memory  of  Dr. 
Hoes,  soon  after  his  death,  on  May  4,  1901,  a  very  handsome  bronze  his- 
torical and  memorial  tablet  was  erected  on  the  exterior  wall  of  the  Church, 
in  memory  of  Dr.  Hoes  and  his  wife,  Lucy  Maria  Randall,  of  Cortland, 
N.  Y.,  the  gift  of  their  daughter,  Mrs.  Charles  Burnhans,  of  Kingston,  N.Y. 

See  "Memorials"  of  Rev.  John  Cantine  Farrell  Hoes,  D.D.,  edited  by 
Dr.  Cornelius  Van  Santvoord,  1883.  There  is  therein  contained  a  sermon 
of  his  before  the  Classis  of  Ulster,  1882,  on  Mat.  v.  1,  2  Sketch  in  "Syl- 
vester's History  of  Ulster  County,"  1880;  and  "Year  Book  of  Holland 
Society  of  New  York,"  1886-1887. 

[His  son,  Roswell  Randall  Hoes,  b.  Kingston,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  28.  1850; 
C.NJ.  71,  P.S.  75,  1.  North  River  Presbyt.  74,  ord.  by  Monmouth  Presbyt. 
75;  Mt.  Holly.  N.  J.,  1875-8.  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y.,  1878-81,  chaplain  in 
U.S.  navy,  1882 ] 

Hoff,  Brogun,  b.  at  Harlingen,  1794;  Q.C.  15,  N.B.S.  18,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Phila- 
delphia. 2d  (Eighth  st.)  18-24,  (Bridgeton,  N.  J.,  Presb.  24-33,  Bath, 
Pa.,  33-5),  Leeds  and  Kiskatom,  35-42,  Rhinebeck,  42-50,  Germantown, 
N.  Y.,  50-5,  d.     See  Manual  of  1879. 

Hoffman,  Abraham,  b.  at  Shawangunk,  1780;  studied  under  Froeligh  and 
Livingston,  1.  CI.  Paramus,  1808;  Courtlandtown,  1808-30,  also  Miss, 
to  Wawarsing,  Dec.  28-Feb.   29,  Cato,  31-43,  d.  1856. 

Hoffman,  Benj.,  b.  Overisel,  Mich.,  Jan.  17,  1871 ;  H.C.  95,  W.S.  98,  1.  CI. 
Holland;  Spring  Lake,  Mich.,  1898-1900,  Hampden,  Mich,  1900 

Hoffman,  John,  b.  at  Holland,  Mich.,  Feb.  28,  1849;  H.C.  1871,  W.Th.S. 
1874,  lie.  CI.  Holland;  Oostburg,  1874-81  (Presbyt.;  Baldwin.  Wis., 
81-87),  Abbe  ch.  Clymer,  N.  Y.,  87-93,  Sayville,  L.  I.,  93-99,  Cleveland, 
O.,  1899 

Hoffman,  Wm.  H.,  b.  at  Flemington,  N.  J.,  May  13,  1849;  R-C.  72,  N.B.S. 
75,  lie.  CI.  Raritan;  Wilcox,  Pa.,  75-7,  Pottersville,  N.  J.,  78-83 
(  Presbyt.) 


THE   MINISTRY.  527 

Hogan,  Jasper  Samuel,  b.  Guilderland  Centre,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  10,  1867;  R.C 
91,  N.B.S.  94,  1.  CI.  Schenectady;  Glen,  N.  Y.,  94-6,  Pompton  Plains, 

1896 

Publications:    "Centennial  Hist,  of  Refd.  Ch.  of  Glen,  N.  Y." 
Hogan,  Orville  J.,   N.B.S.   1893,   lie   CI.   N.B. ;   Rocky  Hill,   1893-8,   St. 

Johnsville,  1898 

Hogan,  Robert  James,  b.  Guilderland,  N.  Y.,  Aug.   11,   1865;  R.  C.  91. 
N.B.S.    94,    1.     CI.     Schenectady;    Buskirks,    N.    Y.,   94-7,     Bellevue, 

Schenectady,  1897 

Hogeboom,  Simon,  Marion  Centre,  1887-90,  Cleveland,  90-9,  Ontario  Cen- 
tre, N.  Y.,  1900 

Holmes,  Edwin,  b.  at  Salisbury,  Ct.,  July  17,  1797;  U.C.  1822,  Prin.  Dutch- 
ess Academy,  1822-5,  studied  theology  with  Dr.  C.  C.  Cuyler  and  at 
N.B.S.    1827;    lie.    CI.    Poughkeepsie ;   Linlithgo,    1827-35,   Albany,  3d, 
1835-41,  Athens,  1841-2,  Nassau,  1842-51,  Chatham,  1853-9,  w.  c.   Died, 
1873,  Nov.  23. 
The  intimacy  of  years  revealed  more  and  more  the  beauty  of  his  Chris- 
tian  spirit  and  his  steadfast  devotion  to  the   supreme  heartwork  of  his 
consecrated  life.     Through  a  period  of  about  forty-six  years  he  performed 
the  duties  of  the  pastorate  in  almost  a  single  region,  so  that  he  was  all 
that  while  quite  before  the  eyes  of  the  same  people  in  their  successive  gen- 
erations.    From   every  church   he  served  there   was   given  him   the  like 
tribute  of  love  and  gratitude  for  the  gentle  yet  firm,  cheerful  yet  cour- 
ageous  service  he  uniformly  rendered.     Conscientiously   diligent  and  in- 
geniously inventive  of  methods  whereby  to  commend  the  gospel,  he  had 
the  satisfaction  of  nearly  all  the  while  reaping — even  while  he  was  sowing. 
Genuine,  deep,  and  powerful  revivals  marked  the  beginnings  of  his  minis- 
try and  attended  it  nearly  to  its  close.     He  had  great  confidence  in  the 
power  of  Bible  truth,  and  never  undertook  to  be  wiser  than  the  inspired 
writers.     His  own   faith  became  contagious.     He  believed  and  therefore 
spake,  and  many  believed  through  his  word.     Hence  his  great  and  real 
success.     The  simple,  implicit,  yet  sublime  faith  he  reposed  in  Christ  as 
his  personal  Saviour  made  him  both  humble  and  strong,  meek  but  earnest, 
self-distrustful  yet  bold,  and  so  strength  and  beauty  blended  in  his  saintly 
life.     He  had  no  taste  for  stormy  conflicts  in  fields  of  controversy.     He 
walked  by  Siloa's  stream,  and  cared  not  to  try  the  rugged  and  flinty  paths 
that   run   up   into   the   cold   mountains   around   which  fierce   and   chilling 
speculations  are  wont  to  rave.     He  was  a  careful,  diligent,  and  methodical 
student,  and  prepared  his  sermons  with  a  rare  conscientiousness,  wishing 
to  have  them  approved  of  God,  rather  than  admired  by  his  audience.    His 
severe  taste,  coupled  with  his  respect  for  the  themes  of  the  gospel,  forbade 
his  indulgence  in  anything  beyond  a  clear,  stirring,  direct  style  of  speech. 
He  was  by  no  means  indifferent  to  beauties  of  style,  but  he  was  more  anx- 
ious far  about  the  manner  of  his  sermons  than  the  rhetorical  embellishments 
which  often  conceal  truth.     The  great  success  which  attended  his  ministry 
is,  after  all,  the  highest  testimony  to  the  character  of  his  pulpit  services 
and  to  his  pastoral  fidelity  that  can  be  presented.     In  simplicity  and  godly 


528  THE    MINISTRY. 

sincerity  he  moved  among  his  people,  and  in  the  sanctuary  his  voice  never 
uttered  an  uncertain  sound.  In  his  personal  habits  and  traits  he  exempli- 
fied every  Christian  grace.  For  this  reason  he  was  loved  and  trusted 
by  all  his  brethern  in  the  ministry  who  enjoyed  his  friendship,  and  by  the 
many  whom  he  served  in  the  gospel.  His  long  and  fruitful  life  illustrated 
in  a  self-evidencing  way  the  power  of  Christian  truth  and  the  attractive- 
ness of  unostentatious  piety.  None  knew  him  but  to  love  him  or  named 
him  but  to  praise.  Faithful  to  the  last,  he  abounded  in  labors  until  he  was 
called  up  higher  into  the  everlasting  rest. — See  Memorial  containing  ad- 
dresses by  Revs.  Himrod,  Porter,  C.  C.  Van  Cleef,  and  extracts  from  the 
papers. 

Publications  :    "A  Sermon  Preached  at  the  Funeral  of  Rev.  Peter  S. 
Wynkoop,"   1848.     "The   Present  Mysteries  and   Future  Developments  of 
Providence" ;  a  discourse  delivered  at  the  funeral  of  Francis  H.  Rathbone, 
Esq.,    1855.     "The   Vindications   of    Providence" ;    a    sermon   preached    at 
Chatham,  N.  Y.,  at  the  funeral  of  Staats  D.  Tompkins,  Esq.,  1867. 
Holmes,  John  McC.   (son  of  Edwin  Holmes)  ;  b.  Livingston,  N.  Y.,  Jan. 
22,   1834;    W.C.  53,  N.B.S.  57,  I.  CI.  of  Rensselear;    East  Williams- 
burgh,   57-9,   Lee  Avenue,   Brooklyn,    59-64,   Hudson,  65-77    (Albany. 
State  st.  Presbyt.  77-1897,  w.  c.)  D.D.  by  R.C.  1870. 

Publications  :  "Van  Doren  Prize  Essay  on  Missions"  :  "Christian  In- 
telligencer," 1856.  "Praise,  an  Element  of  Public  Worship" ;  Brooklyn, 
i860.  "The  Crisis  and  Its  Claims" ;  Brooklyn,  1862.  "The  Excellence  of 
Faith";  a  sermon  occasioned  by  the  death  of  the  Rev.  John  Gosman,  D.D., 
1865.  "The  Relation  of  Christianity  to  Civil  Government";  Hudson,  N.  Y., 
Thanksgiving  Day,  1866.  Address  before  the  General  Synod  of  the  Re- 
formed Church  in  the  United  States,  convened  at  Philadelphia,  November, 
1869;  published  in  "German  Reformed  Messenger"  and  "Christian  Intelli- 
gencer." "He  Being  Dead  yet  Speaketh" :  a  sermon  preached  in  the  Re- 
formed Church  of  Upper  Red  Hook  at  the  funeral  of  Rev.  John  G. 
Johnson,  1870.  "The  Warfare  of  the  Flesh  and  the  Spirit" ;  Hudson.  N.  Y  . 
November,  1871.  Memorial  of  Rev.  Edwin  Holmes,  1873.  Letters  from 
Europe;  published  in  "Hudson  Register  and  Star,"  1874.  Memorial  of 
Mrs.  John  McC.  Holmes,  1874.  Address  before  the  General  Synod  of  the 
Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  in  the  United  States,  convened  at  Baltimore. 
May,  1875:  "Christian  Intelligencer."  "Growth  and  Gratitude";  a  Centen- 
nial sermon,  Hudson,  N.  Y.,  July  2,  1876.  "The  Lessons  of  the  Century 
to  the  Laity  of  the  Church";  (sermon  No.  VI.  in  "Centennial  Discourses," 
1876.)  "Vacation  Experiences";  five  series  of  summer  letters  published 
in  "Hudson  Register  and  Star,"  1869-75.  Occasional  articles  in  the  "Chris- 
tian Intelligencer,"  1867-77.  "The  Possibilities  of  the  Medical  Profes- 
sion"; address  at  the  annual  commencement  of  the  Albany  Medical 
College,  1879.  "Presbyterian  Polity."  1880.  "Enthusiasm":  a  sermon  to 
young  men,  1882.  Miscellaneous  articles  in  "The  Criterion"  and  "The 
Work  at  Home,"  1882-1885.  Address  at  the  laying  of  the  corner-stone  of 
the  Albany  Y.  M.  C.  Building,  1886.  "The  Duty  of  the  Church  to  the 
Young":  address  delivered  in  Exeter  Hall,  London,  before  the  Alliance  of 


THE   MINISTRY.  529 

Reformed  Churches  holding  the  Presbyterian  system,  1888.  "Goodness, 
the  Measure  of  Character";  address  at  the  funeral  of  Archibald  McClure, 
Esq.,  1888.  "The  Power  of  the  Christian  Pulpit"  ;  a  sermon  preached  in 
the  Westminster  Presbyterian  Church,  of  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  at  the  installation 
of  Rev.  Samuel  Van  Vranken  Holmes,  1893. 

Hones,  Julius,  from  Evang.  Miss.  Assoc,  Berlin,  1854;  Jeffersonville,  54-8; 

S.S.  New  Brunswick,  3d,  58-60,  w.  c.  1860-76;  Jamaica,  Ger.  Evang. 

76.     1880,  d.  Oct.  I7> 
Hones,  L.  W.,  1892-3. 

Hoonte,  Teunis  H.,  Lodi,  Holland,  1896 

Hooper,  J.  F.,  Blue  Mountain,  1883-4. 

Hopkins,  David.     U.S.  1868,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1868,  ord.  by  Presbyt.     See  "Union 

Sem.  Gen.  Cat.,"  1876. 
Hopkins,  F.  E.     Bedford,  Brooklyn,  1880-1. 

Hopper,  Abram  Whittaker,  b.  Spring  Valley,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  4,  1867;  R.C. 

91,  N.B.S.  94,  I.  CI.  N.  Y. ;  Stuyvesant  Falls,  94-99,  Bath-on-Hudson, 

1899 

Horton,  Francis  A.     R.C.  1862,  N.B.S.  65,  1.  CI.  Hudson;  Glenham,  65-7, 

Catskill,  67-73  (Presbyt.  Cleveland,  O ;  Philadelphia). 

Hospers,  Gerrit  H.,  b.  at  Pella,  la.,  Oct.   14,  1864;  H.C.  84,  W.S.  87,  1. 

CI.    Holland ;    East    Williamson,    N.    Y.,    87-92,    Muskegon,    2d,    92-4, 

Cleveland,  2d.  1894 

Publications:  "Beginselen  van  Separatie,"  1897.  "A  Primer  of  Bible 
History,"  1899.  "The  Reformed  Doctrine  of  Justification,"  1900.  "Sacred 
History,  in  Questions  and  Answers,"  1901. 

Hospers,  Henry.    H.C.  1890,  N.B.S.  93;  Abbe  ch.    Clymer,  N.  Y.,  93-97; 

Gibbsville,  Wis.,  97-9,  Englewood,  Chicago,  1900 

Houbolt,   W.   A.     Theolog.    School  of  Kampen,   Netherlands,   1858,  1.   CI. 

Holland,  Mich.,  59,  Grand  Rapids,  59-60,  Albany  (Holland  Ch.)  61-4, 

Muskegon,   64-71,    Albany    (Holland    Ch.)    71-3,    Paterson,   6th,    73-7. 

went  to  Netherlands;  returned  to  America,  78;  Paterson  (Union  Ch.) 

78-1.879,  went  to  Holland. 
Houdin,  Michael,  b.  in  France,  1705.    He  was  received  into  Ch.  of  England, 

1749;  Miss,  at  Trenton,  N.  J.,  1753-60,  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y.,  1760-8, 

died,  Oct. 

He  was  originally  a  Franciscan  friar,  in  Montreal,  but  married  and  came 
to  New  York,  where  he  ultimately  took  the  oath  of  allegiance.  He  may 
have  officiated  in  the  French  Ch.  of  N.  Y.  C.  occasionally.  He  is  said  to 
have  been  chaplain  in  the  British  army  under  Wolfe,  at  the  siege  of  Quebec, 
1759-60.  Nov.  1,  1750,  he  writes  that  he  had  been  invited  by  the  people  of 
Trenton,  Allentown  and  Burlington  to  reside  among  them.  On  Feb.  I, 
1762,  he,  with  Jac.  Bleecker,  Jas.  de  Bley,  David  Lispenard,  wardens;  Is. 
Guion,  Jr.,  Elias  Guion,  Is.  Guion  (Sr.?),  Peter  Bertain,  John  Soulice,  ves- 
trymen ;  petitioned  for  a  Patent  of  Incorporation  for  French  Church  at  New 


530  THE    MINISTRV. 

Rochelle.     "Doc.  Hist,"   iii.   578.     "Dix's  Trinity  Ch.,"  251.     See  "Wal- 

dfon,"  36;  "Hall's  Hist.  Presbyt.  Ch.,  Trenton,"  pp.  105-7. 

House,  Isaac  E.     N.B.S.  1879;  Hoboken,  1st,  80-1887. 

How,  Samuel  Blanchard,  b.  Oct.  14,  1790,  in  Burlington,  N.  J.;  U.  Pa. 
1810,  P.S.  1813,  ord.  by  Presb.  of  Philadelphia,  1813 ;  Salisbury,  N.  J., 
1813-6;  Trenton,  1816-21 ;  New  Brunswick,  1821-3,  all  Presbyt;  Savan- 
nah, Ga.,  independent  ch.  1823-30;  Miss,  in  New  York  City,  North  st. 
1830;  President  of  Dickinson  Coll.  1830-1.  New  Brunswick,  1st,  1832- 
61,  d.  Mar.  1,  1868.  Elected  a  trustee  of  Rutgers  Coll.  1830;  D.D.  by 
U.C.  1830. 

He  was  in  all  respects,  whether  in  theology,  politics,  or  in  manners,  an 
old-school  man.  He  venerated  the  past,  and  looked  upon  all  change  as 
revolutionary.  Circumstances  had  added  to  his  theological  opinions  great 
positiveness.  New-school  doctrines  filled  his  soul  with  abhorrence  and 
alarm.  He  resisted  them  with  all  his  learning  and  with  all  his  might,  even 
to  the  last.  In  sermons,  conversations,  and  articles  for  the  press,  he  warned 
against  them. 

With  regard  to  slavery  he  unfortunately  took  extreme  ground  in  its  de- 
fense, and  in  1855  published  a  pamphlet,  entitled  "Slaveholding  not  Sinful." 
This  was  in  connection  with  the  request  of  the  Classis  of  North  Carolina, 
of  the  German  Reformed  Church,  to  be  admitted  to  our  body.  Many  replies 
to  their  request  were  made  on  the  floor  of  Synod,  and  a  pamphlet  in  answer 
to  Dr.  How  was  published  by  Rev.  H.  D.  Ganse. 

In  manners  he  was  the  perfect  gentleman.  His  considerate  and  respect- 
ful demeanor  was  manifest  to  all.  Courtesy  abode  on  his  lips.  He  neg- 
lected none  of  the  delicacies  and  none  of  the  proprieties  of  intercourse  which 
are  held  in  just  estimation  among  refined  and  polite  people.  He  was  gentle 
toward  the  poor,  condescending  to  men  of  low  estate,  and  always  guarded 
in  his  language  while  contending  for  his  convictions  with  strong  men  to 
whom  he  was  opposed.  While  in  Georgia,  he  preached  boldly  against  duel- 
ling, from  Ps.  19:  13,  although  the  practice  was  then  common. 

As  a  learned  and  accomplished  theologian  he  stood  among  the  foremost 
men  of  his  age.  His  familiarity  with  the  writings  of  the  great  divines, 
patristic,  mediaeval,  and  reformed,  enabled  him  to  quote  them  readily  on 
almost  any  point  under  discussion.  He  discharged  the  duties  of  the  minis- 
try with  singular  zeal,  fidelity,  and  success.  In  every  sense  he  was  a  hard- 
working man.  In  his  study,  pulpit,  and  parish,  he  was  never  slovenly  or 
negligent.  In  both  public  and  private  he  adorned  the  doctrine  of  godliness. 
See  "McClintock's  Cyc." 

Publications:  Ser.  in  2d  R.D.C.  Somerville,  1835.  "The  Gospel  Min- 
istry," New  Brunswick,  1838.  "Tribute  of  Filial  Affection" ;  on  death  of 
Mrs.  Jane  Kirkpatrick,  1851.  "Perpetual  Abode  of  the  Holy  Spirit  in  the 
Church;  and  Filial  Duty";  two  sermons,  New  Brunswick,  1851.  "Slave- 
holding  not  Sinful"  ;  an  argument  before  Gen.  Synod,  1855.  (See  Ganse'9 
reply.)  Funeral  ser.  on  death  of  Rev.  Dr.  J.  J.  Janeway,  1858.  Funeral  ser. 
on  death  of  Hon.  Littleton  Kirkpatrick,  1859.  See  Memorial.  Funeral 
ser.  on  death  of  Mrs.  Mary  Jenkins,  New  Brunswick,  i860. 


THE   MINISTRY.  S31 

Howland,   Samuel  Whittlesey,   b.  Jaffna,  Ceylon,  Mar.  4,   1848;  A.C.  70, 

U.S.  73,  ord.  by  Congs. ;  Miss,  to  Jaffna,  73-97,  Pres.  Jaffna  Coll.  73-97. 

Prof,   of    Theology,   do.,  89-92,   Vermilye  Chapel,   N.Y.C.    1897- 1900. 

D.D.  by  A.C.  1890. 
Hoyt,    Jas.    Howard,    b.  Saratoga,  N.  Y.,  July    13,  1847;    U.C.  73;    U.S. 

76; Greenburgh,  76-79  (Presbyt.)     See  "U.S.  Cat." 

Huenemann,  Jacob,  b.  Werthhausen,  Germany,  May  22,  1867;  Mission 
House  College,  Franklin,  Wis.,  87,  Miss.  House  Sem.  90,  lie.  and  ord. 
by  Ger.  Refd.  Ch.  (La  Crosse,  Wis.,  90-3,  Ger.  Ch.)  ;  German  Valley, 
la.,  93-1898  (Independent;  Menno,  S.  D.,  99-1901,  d.  Apr.  30.) 

Huizinga,  Abel  H.,  b.  Kalamazoo,  Mich.,  Aug.  18,  1859;  H.C.  80,  N.B.S. 
83,  1.  CI.  Holland ;  studied  Philology  in  Johns  Hopkins  University,  Bal- 
timore, Md.,  83-6;    New    Paltz,  86-94,  adjunct    Prof.  O.  T.  Lit.  and 

Exegesis,    McCormick    Th.    Sem.    Chicago,    94-6,    Fishkill,    1896 

Ph.D.  by  Johns  Hopkins,  1890. 

Publications  :  Articles  in  the  "Christian  Intelligencer."  In  1891 :  Two 
illustrations,  Feb.  11.  "Service  of  Christ,"  Apr.  22.  "Nature  and  Claims 
of  the  Bible,"  May  13.  "Origin  and  Composition  of  the  Bible,"  May  20. 
"Scriptures  Really  of  God,"  June  3.  "Implications  and  Consequences  of  the 
Divine  Origin  of  the  Scriptures,"  June  17.  "Erroneous  Ideas  and  Methods 
in  the  Study  of  the  Scriptures"  (1),  July  1.  "Erroneous  Ideas"  (2),  July 
8.  "Proposed  Reconstruction  of  Israel's  History,"  Oct.  28.  In  1892: 
"Real  Issue,"  Jan.  6.  "Genius  is  Inspiration,"  Feb.  3.  "Interpretations," 
March  9.  "Quotations,"  March  3.  "Round  Lake,"  Aug.  17.  In  1893: 
"Cyrus,  Darius,  Artaxerxes,"  Feb.  1.  "Shusan,  the  Palace,"  Feb.  8.  "Es- 
ther," March  1  and  8.  "A  New  Volume  of  Church  History,"  May  17. 
"The  Society  of  Biblical  Literature  and  Exegesis,"  June  14.  "The  Chris- 
tian's Light,"  Sept.  13.  "Behold  how  He  loved  him,"  Nov.  15.  In  1894: 
"Faithful  in  that  which  is  least,"  Jan.  10.  "Questions  and  Answers,"  Feb. 
14.  "The  Sleeping  of  Jesus,"  April  25.  "Modern  Criticism  and  the  New 
Testament";  five  articles,  May  23-June  20.  "Harvest,"  Aug.  8.  "Receiv- 
ing Christ,"  Sept.  12.  "Seeking  and  Saving,"  Oct.  10.  "Pearls  before 
Swine,"  Feb.,  1897.  "Four  Epochs  of  Church  History";  in  "S.S.  Times," 
Jan.  27,  1894. 

In  "New  York  Observer" ;  "Teaching  by  Parables,"  June  25,  1891. 
"Where  are  the  Tares?"  July  2,  1891.  "Truth  and  Freedom,"  Jan.  5,  1893. 
"A  New  Volume  of  Church  History,"  March  2,  1893. 

In  "De  Hope,"  in  the  Dutch  language :  Nine  articles  on  "De  Vaste  Rots 
der  Heilige  Schriften,"  May-Aug.,  1891.  Ps.  51 :  20,  Sept.  26,  1894.  "De 
Paus  en  Wereldlyke  Machten,"  Feb.  13,  1895.  "Het  zien  van  God";  two 
articles,  Nov.  20,  27,  1895. 

In  "Presbyterian  Quarterly"  :  "Babylonian  or  Hebrew  Account  of  Crea- 
tion," July,  1892.  "The  Book  of  Esther,"  July,  1893.  "Review  of  Royce: 
The  Spirit  of  Modern  Philosophy,"  July,  1893.  "Collation  of  Passages 
which  Speak  of  Seeing  God,"  Oct.,  1896.  In  "Bibliotheca  Sacra" :  "The 
Miracles  of  the  Bible,"  Jan.,  1892.      (Reprinted  in  the  "Literary  Digest.") 


532  THE    MINISTRY. 

In  "American  Journal  of  Philology" :  Three  articles,  "Analogy  in  the 
Semitic  Languages,"  Dec.  1890,  Apr.  1891,  July,  1891. 

In  "Presbyterian  and  Reformed  Review"  :  "Review  of  Taylor  on  the 
Miracles  of  Jesus,"  Jan.  1892.  "Practical  Exegesis  of  Isaiah,  40:31."  Jan. 
1894.  "Review  of  Bacthgen's  Commentary  on  the  Psalms,"  Jan.,  1894. 
"Review  of  Kuyper's  Encyclopedia  of  Theology,"  July,  1895.  "Recent 
Phases  of  Christian  Apologetics,"  Jan.,  1896.  "Review  of  Bousset's  Anti- 
christ," July,  1897.  "Review  of  Bousset's  Commentary  on  the  Apocalypse," 
Oct.,  1897. 

Article  on  Dutch  Literature,  in  "Johnson's  Encyclopedia."  Analogy  in 
the  Semitic  Languages ;  Doctor's  Thesis. 

In  "Preachers'  Assistant":  Sermon  on  Mat.  7:6:  "Pearls  before  Swine," 
Oct.  1891.  "Inspiration,"  Jan.  and  Feb.,  1892.  "Critical  Study  of  Israel's 
History,"  March,  1892.  "Contrasts  of  Christian  Experience,"  April,  1892. 
"False  and  True  Conceptions  of  Israel's  History,"  Oct.,  1892.  "Critical 
and  Philological  Gleanings,"  Nov.,  1892.  "Sacrifice,"  Jan.,  1894.  "Devo- 
tional and  Critical  Study  of  the  Psalms,"  Oct.,  1896.  "Date  and  Author- 
ship of  the  Psalms,"  Nov.,  1896.     "Scope  of  the  Psalms,"  Dec,  1896. 

Huizinga,  Henry,  b.  Jan.  8,  1873,  at  New  Gronigen,  Mich.;  H.C.  93,  W.S. 

96,  lie.  and  ord.  CI.  Mich.,  May  26,  96;  sailed  for  India,  June  10,  96; 

miss,  in  India ;  in  fall  of  1899  became  a  Baptist. 
Huizinga,  John,  b.  Kollum,  Vriesland,  Netherlands,  Mar.  12,  1841 ;  H.C. 

67,  H.S.  70,  lie.  CI.  Holland;  Mattoax  and  Amelia  Courthouse,  Va., 

70-6,  Holland,  1st,  Nebraska,  76-91,  Rock  Valley,  la.,  1891 

Hulbert,  Palmer  S.,  b.  Nova  Scotia,  1849;  Wabash  Coll.  76,  Aub.  Sem.  79; 

(Waverly,  N.  Y.,  79-82,  Fremont,  Neb.,  1882.)    Assist.  Collegiate  Ch.f 

N.Y.C.  29th  St.,  92-4  (Chicago,  1894.) 
Hulbert,   Victor   Moreau,  b.   at  Nassau,   N.   Y.,   Nov.   22,   1813;   R.C.   39, 

N.B.S.  42,  1.  CI.  L.I.  Aug.  1st;  ord.  CI.  N.  Y.  Jan.  4,  1843;  Greenville 

and  Yonkers,  42-45,  Yonkers,  45-48,  Flatbush  (Ulster  Co.)  48-52,  Yon- 

kers,  52-65,  White  Plains,  65-72,  Marbletown,  72-83,  w.  c.    Died,  Jan. 

7,  1892.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1867. 

In  form  and  figure  he  was  a  man  of  fine,  imposing  appearance,  full-hab- 
ited and  robust.  With  a  sound  body  he  enjoyed  a  vigorous  mind.  His 
faculties  were  acute,  and  his  mental  operations  quick  and  direct.  Shrewd- 
ness appeared  along  all  his  lines  of  movement.  In  the  serious  work  of  his 
life,  his  thought  ran  along  in  the  most  solid  and  effective  manner.  He 
was  a  wit,  of  humor  flashing  and  trenchant.  An  inexhaustible  fund  of 
anecdote  supplied  him  with  abundant  illustrations  for  every  subject  he 
touched.  Humor  had  been,  no  doubt,  before  his  conversion,  his  ruling 
passion.  But  during  his  Christian  life  and  his  ministry,  it  only  served  to 
give  him  conversational  brilliance,  and  a  popularity  with  men,  which  he 
laid  as  a  talent  at  his  Master's  feet. 

As  a  college  and  seminary  student,  he  used  his  natural  endowments  to 
purpose,  and  laid  the  foundations  of  a  broad  and  accurate  scholarship,  and 
came  to  his  life  work  with  a  training  that  lifted  him  at  once  to  power 
among  men.     From  his  very  entrance  into  public  service,  he  was  accepted 


THE   MINISTRY.  533 

as  a  born  leader  and  was  readily  followed  by  the  masses.  Then,  too,  he 
had  mastered  a  system  of  thought  and  faith,  and  became  a  clear,  consistent, 
and  powerful  preacher  of  the  gospel. 

As  a  public  speaker,  he  had  a  remarkable  command  of  language.  His 
control  of  thought  was  strong,  his  arrangement  was  clear,  his  reasoning 
was  cogent,  and  his  appeals  were  powerful.  In  purely  extemporaneous 
address,  his  readiness  was  very  great.  A  large  part  of  his  preaching  was 
without  manuscript.  His  vivacity  gave  him  strong  hold  on  the  young.  A 
gifted  vocal  and  instrumental  musician,  he  was  a  power  in  social  gather- 
ings, and  in  all  his  church  meetings.  And  he  was  always  among  the  fore- 
most in  movements  for  social  culture. 

During  the  Civil  War,  he  was  true  to  the  flag,  and  bold  and  pronounced 
for  the  Union.  In  his  family  he  stimulated  refinement,  and  was  concerned 
for  the  intellectual  and  moral  development  of  his  children.  His  home  was 
a  centre  of  reading  and  discussion  and  awakening  of  thought.  He  was  a 
lover  and  gatherer  of  books,  and  of  all  appliances  that  made  the  parsonage 
a  centre  of  attraction.  He  was  a  public-spirited  citizen  in  a  wide  sense.  He 
touched,  during  his  long  life,  a  great  variety  of  interests,  both  secular  and 
religious,  and  was  widely  and  variously  felt  by  his  fellow  men.  All  who 
knew  him  recognized  him  as  a  thinker  and  leader  of  more  than  common 
power.  The  many  and  strongly-expressed  tributes  rendered  to  his  memory 
after  his  death  were  evidence  of  the  general  consciousness  that  a  very 
marked  and  unusual  character  had  passed  away. — David  Cole.  See  also 
"Mints.  Gen.  Synod,"  1892,  655 ;  and  Dr.  Van  Santvoord's  sketch  of  him, 
in  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C.,"  1892,  20. 

Hulst,  George  Duryea,  b.  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Mar.  9,  1846;  R.C.  66,  N.B.S. 
69,  1.  N.  CI.  L.I. ;  South  Bushwick,  69-1900,  d.  Nov.  5.  Ph.D.  by  R.C. 
1891. 

He  had  but  a  single  charge  during  the  thirty-one  years  of  his  ministry. 
To  it  he  gave  all  that  a  happy,  hopeful  spirit,  a  pure  and  lofty  soul,  an  in- 
quiring, scholarly  mind,  a  Christ-loving  heart,  and  a  consecrated  life  could 
give.  He  was  a  faithful  and  devoted  pastor,  an  eloquent  preacher,  clear 
in  his  convictions  of  truth  and  earnest  in  the  advocacy  of  them.  Nor  was 
his  ministry  limited  by  the  bounds  of  his  own  parish.  It  was  potent  for 
good  in  a  wide  district  of  Brooklyn.  He  possessed  a  unique  personality. 
His  religion  was  most  natural,  wholly  free  from  cant.  He  was  in  touch 
with  life  and  all  its  activities.  With  his  independent  spirit,  and  critical 
mind,  he  thought  for  himself.  He  was  an  observing  and  interested  student 
of  Nature,  and  loved  to  roam  the  woods  and  hills.  From  the  life  that 
nestled  on  the  earth,  or  flitted  through  the  air,  he  read  lessons  of  divine 
wisdom  and  love,  so  that  many  were  taught  by  him  to  "look  up  from 
Nature  to  Nature's  God,"  and  to  that  Redeemer  who  loved  the  fowls  of 
the  air  and  the  lilies  of  the  field.  He  was  an  authority  on  entomology  and 
botany.  In  the  former  science  he  did  much  original  work,  and  published 
the  results  of  his  investigations  in  several  journals.  For  a  time,  he  was 
State  entomologist  of  New  Jersey,  and  was  acting  professor  of  entomology 
at  Rutgers  College.    He  declined  a  professorship  at  Rutgers  about  1891,  as 


534  THE    MINISTRY. 

he  preferred  to  remain  in  the  pastorate.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Botany  of  the  Brooklyn  Institute,  and  was  President  of  that  branch 
of  the  Institute  work  at  his  death.  In  1S80  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  and  in  1888  a 
Fellow  of  the  same.     See  also  "Biog.  Notices  R.C.  Grads.,"  1001,  15. 

Publications  :  In  1878.  "Larval  and  Pupal  Stages  of  Darapsa  versi- 
color Harr." 

In  1879.  "Scientific  Names  of  Insects." — "Letter  relating  to  What  Con- 
stitues  a  Genus." — "A  Correction." — "Notes  on  Smerinthus  geminatus." — 
"Notes  on  Deiopeia  bella." — "Notes  on  Samia  cynthia." — "Notes  on  a  Trip 
to  Florida." — "The  Uses  of  Cocoons." — "Abnormal  Larvae." — "Hints  on 
Rearing  Lepidoptera." — "Macroglossa  thysbe." 

In  18S0.  "Capture  of  Rare  Butterflies." — "Food." — "Plants  of  Lepi- 
dopterous  Larvae." — "Notes  on  Nemoria  Chloroleucaria." — "Descriptions  of 
New  Catocala." — "Remarks  on  the  Genus  Catocala,  with  a  Catalogue  of 
Species  and  Accompanying  Notes." — "Description  of  Some  New  Species  of 
Geometridae." 

In  1881.  "Some  Remarks  upon  Catocalae,  in  Reply  to  Mr.  A.  R.  Grote." 
— "Description  of  Some  New  Species  of  North  American  Lepidoptera." — 
"Remarks  on  Smerinthus  myops." — "A  good  way  to  get  rare  Lepidoptera." 
— "Description  of  some  New  Species  of  Geometridae." 

In  1882.     "Rearing  of  a  Hybrid  Moth." — "Sesia  Syringae  Harr." 

In  1883.     "Notes  on  Sesiidae." — "Arctia  nais  and  Variations." 

In  1884.  "A  Communication  in  reference  to  Arctia  nais." — "The  Genus 
Catocala." — "Synopsis  of  Lepidoptera." 

In  1885.  "Spilosoma  latipennis." — "Notes  on  Platysamia  polyommata 
Tepper." — "The  Family  Position  of  Euphanessa  mendica  Walk." — "Synop- 
sis of  Butterllies." 

In  1886.  "Descriptions  of  New  Pyralidae." — "New  Species  and  Varieties 
of  Geometridae." — "Larval  History  of  Spilosoma  congrua  Walk." — "Notes 
upon  the  Variations  and  Species  of  the  Ennominas." — "Notes  on  Some 
Species  of  Geometridae,  No.  2." — "Geometrina." — "Lcpidopterological 
Notes." — Note  on  Papilio  ajax." — "Three  New  Varieties  and  One  New 
Species  of  Lepidoptera." — "Notes  on  Argynnis  diana." 

In  18S7.  "Salutatory  as  Editor." — "Notes  on  Certain  Pyralidae." — 
"Catocala  badia." — "New  Species  of  Geometridae,  No.  3." — "Abstract  of 
Address  of  Rev.  Geo.'D.  Hulst,  retiring  President,  at  Annual  Meeting  of 
the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society." — "Notes  on  Some  Species  of 
Geometridae,  No.  3." — "Remarks  on  Prof.  Riley's  Strictures." — "Larvae  of 
Sisyrosea  inornata  Gr.  and  Rob." — "Larva  of  Aplodes  rubrolinearia  Pack." 
— "Notes  on  Food-plants  of  Geometridae." — "Notes  upon  Some  of  Mr. 
Walker's  Species  of  Geometridae." — "Book  Notices." — "New  Spe- 
f  Pyralidae." — "Notes  on  Theleteria  costaemaculatus  and  Zophodia 
b  llii." — "The  Collection  of  Insects  in  National  Museum." — "A  'Bee'  new 
to  Entomologists." — "Larva  of  Acidalia  insultaria." 

In  1888.  "New  Species  of  Geometridae,  No.  4." — "The  American  Species 
of    Callimorpha." — "Deilcphila    Iineata." — "New   Genera    and    Species    of 


THE   MINISTRY.  535 

Epipaschiae  and  Phycitidae."— "A  Summer  Trip  to  Southern  California."— 
"Faunal  Limits  of  the  United  States."— "Handling  of  Wasps  without 
Harm."— "Book  Notices."— "Insect  Pests  and  the  Means  for  Destroying 
Them."— "Insects  Injurious  to  the  Cabbage  and  the  Best  Means  of  Pre- 
venting their  Ravages." — "Larva  of  Hemileuca  nevadensis." — "Larva  of 
Chlorosea  bistriaria." 

In  1889.  "The  Epipaschiinae  of  North  America."— "To  Free  Breeding 
Cages  from  Disease  Germs."— "The  Eggs  and  Larvae  of  Cerathosia  tricolor 
Smith."— "Notes  on  the  Catalogue  of  Phycitidae  and  Galleridae  of  North 
America";  by  Mr.  Ragonot. 

In  1890.     "The  Phycitidae  of  North  America." 

In  1S92.  "New  Species  of  Pyralidae."— "Prof.  J.  B.  Smith's  List  of 
Lepidoptera." 

In  1S94.  "Elementary  Entomology  Lepidoptera."— "Relationship  between 
the  Pyralidina  and  Pterophorina."— "Notes  on  Types  of  North  American 
Geometrina  in  European  Collections."    i. 

In  1895.  "Genitalic  Classification."— "Descriptions  of  Some  New  Species 
of  Epipaschiinae  and  Phycitidae."— "Notes  on  Types  of  North  American 
Geometrina  in  European  Collections."  ii-v. 

In  1896.  "A  Classification  of  the  Geometrina  of  North  America,  with 
Descriptions  of  New  Genera  and  Species." 

In  1898.  "Description  of  New  Genera  and  Species  of  Geometrina  of 
North  America." 

In  1900.  "A  New  Genus  and  Species  of  Phycitinae."— "Some  New  Spe- 
cies of  Geometridae." — "Some  New  Genera  and  Species  of  Phycitinae." — 
"New  Species  of  Lepidoptera." 

The  References  to  the  different  Journals  in  which  these  Articles  of  Dr. 
Hulst  may  be  found  are  not  given.  This  Bibliography  is  taken  from  the 
"Journal  of  the  N.  Y.  Entomological  Society,"  Dec,  1900,  where  the  refer- 
ences may  be  seen. 

Hulst,  Lambert  J.,  b.  1825  in  the  Netherlands;  Danforth,  111.,  1874-6,  Grand 
Rapids,  4th,  76-1881 ;  joined  the  Christian  Refd.  Ch.  See  "Ch.  Int.," 
1881,  Oct.  19. 

Hume,  Jas.  C,  b.  Fair  Hill,  Md.,  Feb.  28,  1850;  C.N.J.  77-  P.S.  80;  ord. 
as  an  Evangelist  by  Presbyt.  of  Westminster,  80  (Lancaster.  Pa.,  80-2, 
Fair  Hill,  Md.,  83,  Babylon,  L.  I.,  84-S,  Fair  Hill,  89,  Northport,  N.  Y., 
90-1);  Ridgewood.  L.  I..  94,  St.  Thomas,  W.  I.,  97-9,  Bushwick, 
1901 

Hunt,  Christopher,  b.  at  Tarrytown,  18—.  R.C.  27,  N.B.S.  30,  1.  CI.  N.Y.; 
Clarkstown,  30-2,  Nassau,  32-7,  N.Y.C.  Franklin  st.  37-1839,  d.  See 
Manual  of  1879. 

Hunter,  David  Moore,  b.  N.Y.C,  July  11,  1856;  Coll.  of  City  of  N.  Y.  77, 
U.S.  80,  1.  Prcsb.  of  N.  Y. ;  ord.  Presb.  of  Albany,  80  (Broadalbin, 
N.  Y.,  80-2,  Salem,  N.  Y.,  82-8,  Littleton,  Col.,  88-91);  Mellenville, 
92-9,  assist.  Poughkeepsie,  2d,  99-1902,  Saugerties,  1902 

Hunter,  Geo.  McPherson,  b.  Glasgow,  Scotland,  Sept.  19,  1809;  Glas- 
gow Univer. ;  N.B.S.  1001,  lie.  CI.  N.B.  :  Rochelle  Park,  N.  J.,  1901 ■ 


53^  THE    MINISTRY. 

Hunter,  James,  b.  at  Irvine,  Ayrshire,  Scotland,  April  s,  1863;  C.N  J.  89, 
U.S.  92,  1.  Presbyt.  N.Y. ;  (Presbyt. ;  Grace  Chapel  in  N.Y.C.,  92-96, 
assistant,  West  End,  N.Y.C.,  96-98);  Anderson  Memorial  (Belmont), 
1898 

Publications:  Editorial  work  on  "Brotherhood  Star,"  "Church  Econo- 
mist" and  "Evangelist." 

Huntington.  Henry  S.,  b.  Camden,  N.  Y.,  1828;  C.N.J.  1850;  And.  Sem. 
and  P.S.  54;  Owasco  Outlet,  70-1871.  For  other  details,  see  "P.  Sem. 
Cat." 

Hutchins,  John,  b.  Portsmouth,  England,  June  20,  1848;  Univ.  Wisconsin, 
1873;  West  Th.  Sem.,  Allegheny,  1873-5,  U.T.S.  1875-6;  ord.  CI.  West- 
chester,  Nov.  28,  1876;  Bronxville,  76-82,  Ellenville,  82-7,  Brighton 
Heights.  87-92.  Middle  Collegiate,  N.Y.C,  92-5  (Cong.;  Litchfield, 
Ct,  1895 ) 

Hutchinson.  J.  N.     Norwood  Park,  Chicago,  1897-9. 

Hutton,  Alfred  John,  b.  Brunswick,  N.  Y.,  June  20,  1842;  Wms.  Coll.  66. 
Aub.  Sem.  71,  1.  Presbyt.  Cayuga,  70;  West  Troy,  71-9  (Cortlandt, 
79-81),  Brooklyn  Heights,  81-7  (Rochester,  N.  Y.,  St.  Peter's,  87-95, 
Corning,  N.  Y.,  1895 )     D.D.  by  Wms.  Coll.  1893. 

Hutton,  Mancius  Holmes  (son  of  Mancius  S.  Hutton),  b.  N.Y.C,  Oct. 
13,  1837;  U.N.Y.  57,  U.S.  57-9,  N.B.S.  59-60,  U.S.  Post-grad.  60-1; 
lie.  CI.  N.Y.  60;  Mt.  Vernon,  N.  Y.,  64-79,  New  Brunswick,  2d, 
1879 

Publications  :  "Memorial  Pamphlets."  Articles  in  Reviews,  Periodi- 
cals and  Papers.  "Charge  to  Prof.  Jas.  F.  Riggs,"  1892.  "Semi-Centen- 
nial of  Second  Church  of  New   Brunswick,  N.  J.,"  1892. 

Hutton.  Mancius  Smedes  (great  grandson  of  Rev.  G.  W.  Mancius),  b. 
at  Troy,  N.  Y.,  June  9,  1803;  C.C.  23,  P.S.  26,  lie.  by  2d  Presbyt. 
New  York.  26;  Missionary  at  Wawarsing,  27-8,  ord.  by  Presbyt.  of 
Newton,  Nov.  25.  28  (German  Valley  and  Fox  Hill,  N.  J.,  28-34)  ; 
N.Y.C,  South  Church  (Colleague  of  Rev.  Dr.  J.  M.  Matthews),  34- 
43:  sole  pastor,  37-76.     Died,  April  11,  1880.     D.D.  by  C.C.  1841. 

Dr.  Hutton's  life  was  not  eventful,  and  the  above  dates  record  its  prin- 
cipal changes.  But  perhaps  there  are  few  lives  more  happy  and  successful 
than  his.  When  he  was  still  a  boy  of  ten  years  old  his  father  moved  from 
Troy  to  New  York,  and  connecting  himself  with  the  Garden  St.  Church, 
soon  became  an  Elder  therein.  The  growing  boy  had  thus  all  the  educa- 
tional advantages  of  the  New  York  of  his  day.  Of  his  religious  advan- 
tages it  is  sufficient  to  say  that  he  was  brought  up  in  Garden  St.  Church 
when  it  was  a  garden  of  the  Lord  under  the  pastorate  of  Dr.  Matthews. 

When  he  had  finished  his  theological  course  and  began  to  work,  it  was 
soon  found  that  he  had  unusual  qualities  which  adapted  him  for  most  ac- 
ceptable and  successful  work  as  a  pastor.  After  a  few  months  of  domestic 
missionary  labor  at  Warwarsing,  he  was  drawn  for  a  while  from  the 
church  of  his   fathers  through   the  agency  of  his  brother-in-law,  the  Rev. 


THE    MINISTRY.  537 

Dr.  W.  W.  Blauvelt,  of  Lamington,  N.  J.,  who  introduced  him  to  the  fa- 
vorable notice  of  the  Presbyterian  joint  charges  of  Fox  Hill  and  German 
Valley,  N.  J.  Here  he  was  ordained,  and  settled  for  eight  happy  years, 
leaving  so  deep  an  impression  on  the  congregation  that  half  a  century  after 
his  departure  his  name  was  still  a  household  word  in  the  Valley. 

It  was  with  an  easily  understood  feeling  both  of  humility  and  gratifica- 
tion that  he  accepted  a  call  in  1834  to  return  to  New  York  as  the  colleague 
of  his  honored  pastor,  the  Rev.  Dr.  J.  M.  Matthews,  over  the  Garden  St. 
Church.  Thenceforward  to  the  end  his  career  was  in  that  city.  In 
1835  the  church  edifice  perished  in  the  "Great  Fire,"  and  the  congregation 
shortly  afterward  divided,  part  building  on  Murray  Street  and  part  on 
Washington  Square,  the  two  pastors  choosing  to  accompany  the  latter. 
The  financial  difficulties  encountered  proved  heavy,  and  two  pastors  seemed 
more  than  the  struggling  organization  could  support.  Under  these  cir- 
cumstances, Dr.  Hutton  felt  it  was  his  duty,  as  junior  colleague,  to  resign. 
But  before  he  could  find  another  settlement.  Dr.  Matthews,  finding  his 
duties  as  Chancellor  of  the  New  York  University  growing  upon  him,  also 
resigned.  Whereupon  the  congregation  recalled  Dr.  Hutton,  who  was  thus 
three  times  installed  over  virtually  the  same  people.  Thereafter  he  remained 
sole  pastor  until  the  church  disbanded  in  1876,  owing  to  the  moving  away 
of  the  class  of  population  in  that  quarter  whose  needs  were  met  by  such 
a  church. 

But  it  is  a  long  way  from  1843  to  1876.  During  all  that  time  this  pas- 
torate was  most  successfully  and  fruitfully  maintained.  For  many  years 
the  church  was  crowded.  Dr.  Hutton's  strength  lay  in  his  personal  char- 
acteristics, in  his  effectiveness  as  a  preacher,  and  as  a  wise  and  sympathetic 
pastor.  Along  these  latter  lines  he  spent  all  his  strength  and  made  his 
reputation.  He  was  not  conspicuous  as  a  specialist  in  any  one  department 
of  Christian  or  theological  learning,  nor  in  literary  work,  nor  in  any  of 
those  reforms  of  the  day  more  remotely  connected  with  the  borders  of  the 
ministerial  profession.  Overtures  were  made  him  from  two  colleges  to 
become  their  president,  and  a  chair  in  a  theological  seminary  was  within 
his  reach.  But  he  wisely  declined  them  all  and  devoted  himself  to  pulpit 
and  parish  duty.  Except  that  for  many  years  he  was  president  of  the 
Board  of  Education  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America,  he  confined  him- 
self strictly  to  the  work  which  he  most  loved  and  for  which  he  was  espe- 
cially fitted.  No  one  who  saw  or  heard  him  in  his  pulpit  is  likely  to 
forget  him.  Six  feet  and  four  inches  in  height  and  admirably  propor- 
tioned, robed  in  cassock,  girdle,  bands  and  gown,  he  was  goodly  and  most 
impressive  to  look  upon.  His  face,  indicative  of  high  health,  cheerful 
piety  and  benignancy  mingled  with  grave  earnestness,  drew  forth  the 
pleased  attention  of  every  eye  which  looked  upon  him  as  he  stood.  Added 
to  these  qualities  was  a  voice  singularly  musical  and  satisfying  to  the  ear 
of  the  listener,  never  overwhelming  in  the  smallest  room,  yet  filling  the 
largest  without  apparent  strain  or  effort,  and  preaching  the  purest  gospel. 
His  style  was  pellucid  and  his  articulation  most  distinct.  He  rose  some- 
times to  eloquence,  and  was  always  simple  in  his  diction,  edifying  in  his 
matter  and  showing  a  most  lovely  Christian  spirit.     No  wonder  men  loved 


538  THE    MINISTRY. 

to  hear  him.  Singularly  magnetic  in  personal  intercourse,  and  a  delight- 
ful social  companion,  full  of  apposite  anecdote  admirably  told,  he  knit  to 
him  all  hearts.  As  this  edition  of  the  Manual  is  issued  it  is  now  almost 
a  quarter  of  a  century  since  he  passed  on  into  the  heavens.  But  he  is  not 
forgotten  and  his  name  survives  as  "a  long  perfume." — Dr.  M.  H.  Hutton. 
See  Dr.  T.  W.  Chambers'  "Commemorative  Discourse,"  1880. 

Publications:  A  sermon  before  the  Am.  S.S.  Union,  1851,  "The  Death 
of  Christ";  "National  Preacher,"  1852.  "The  Rejected  Offering";  before 
N.  Y.  and  Brooklyn  Foreign  Miss.  Soc,  1853.  "Spiritual  Worship";  pul- 
pit repository,  1856.  "Coming  to  Christ,"  1858;  address  at  the  opening  of 
Hope  College,  1866.  Oration :  "The  Founders  of  the  Nation,"  1876.  "His- 
torical Discourse,"  1877. 

Huyssoon,  Jas.,  b.  in    Netherlands,   1823;    c.  to  America,  46,    N.B.S.  59, 
lie.  CI.  N.B.;  Lodi,  N.  J.   (Hoi.)   59-64,  S.S.  at  Paterson,  59-64;  pas- 
tor, Paterson,  64-5,  Drenthe,  Mich.,  65-6,  Polkton,  66-8,  Paterson,  1st, 
Holland    Ch.,   68-1892,    emeritus.     Died,    July   3.    1894.     "Mints.    Gen. 
Syn.,"  1895,  208. 
Huyzer,  Garret.     Pella,  2d,  la..  1883-5,  Fairview,  111.,  85-1888. 
Hyndshaw,  Jas.  B.,  b.  1801,  at  Stewartsville,  N.  J.;  C.N.J.  1820,  P.S.  24; 
Walpack,    36-9,    Prin.    Academy,    Stroudsburgh,    Pa..    1839-44.     Died, 
1888.     For  other  details,  see  "P.S.  Gen.  Cat." 
Hynson,  Nathan  Dushane,  b.  Baltimore,  Md.,  Dec.  9,  1865 ;  Johns  Hop.  U. 
88-90;   U.T.S.  93;   ord.   by   Presbyt.   Monmouth,   1893;  assist,  pastor 

Madison  Ave.,  N.Y.C,  1892-3  (Presbyt.  Manasquan,  N.  J.,  1893 ) 

See  "U.S.  Gen.  Cat." 
Ihrman,  Peter,  b.  in  the  Netherlands,  April  8,  1859;  H.C.  82,  W.S.  87, 
1.  CI.  Grand  River;  Waupun,  Wis.,  87-91,  Marion,  N.  Y.,  91-6,  Grand 

Rapids,  8th,  96-9,  Maurice,  la.,  1899 

Ingalls,  Wilson,  b.  at  Andover,  Mass.,  Mar.  25,  1809;  U.C.  36,  tutor  in 
U.C.  36-7,  studied  theology  at  Andover  and  under  Dr.  Eliphalat  Nott; 
S.S.  Princetown,  38-9,  Glenville,  1st,  40-51,  Owasco,  53-64  (supplied 
Broadalbin,  64-5,  w.  c,  Blooming  Grove,  67-77.  Died,  Oct.  11,  1S89. 
See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1890,  191. 
Ingersoll,  Edward  Payson,  b.  in  Lee,  Berkshire  Co.,  Mass.,  May  6,  1834; 
W.C.  55,  A.S.  63,  lie.  Cong.  Conf.,  Cleveland,  O.,  1862  (Sandusky,  1st, 
63-7,  Indianapolis  (Plymouth  Ch.)  Jan.  1st,  68-Jan.  70)  ;  Brooklyn, 
Middle.  Jan.  70-83.  Puritan  Cong.  Ch..  Brooklyn,  83-92,  St.  Paul, 
Minn..    Park   st.   92-8,    Inunanuel   Cong.    Ch.,   Brooklyn,  98-1902.     See 

"Am.  Bible  Soc,"  1902 

Publications:  "Bible  in  Pub.  Schools,"  1871.  Sermons  in  the  papers. 
"Thou  Shalt  not  Steal,"  in  "111.  Christian,"  Indianapolis,  1869,  Thanks- 
giving sermon,  1876,  at  Lee,  Ma«..  in  "Lee  Gleaner."  Weekly  articles  in 
"Illustra.  Chr."  for  six  months,  1869.  Six  paj>ers  on  "Bunyan's  Pilgrim's 
Prog.,"  ditto,  1869.  Letters  from  Europe,  in  "Ch.  Intcll.,"  1873.  Praycr- 
mcetings,  in  "Ch.  Weekly,"  1876.  Arts,  in  "Church  Union."  1874,  1877 
Ingham.  John  Alhertscn,  b.  Meridcn,  N.  Y..  Jan.  13,  1868;  Syr.  U.  86; 
U.T.S.   92;   ord.    by    Presbyt.    Syracuse,   July   10,    1892;   assist,   pastor, 


THE    MINISTRY.  539 

Collegiate     Ch.,     N.Y.C.,     1892-3.       (Presbyt.     Irvington-on-Hudson, 

1894 )     See  "U.S.  Cat." 

Inglis,  Rev.  David  (son  of  Rev.  David  Inglis),  b.  June  8,  1824;  University 
of  Edinburgh,  41,  studied  divinity  under  Dr.  Chalmers  and  Dr.  John 
Brown;  lie.  Presbyt.  Carlisle,  45;  came  to  America,  46;  (Detroit, 
Scotch  Ch.,  46-7,  S.S.,  N.Y.C.  Washington  Heights,  47,  Bedford,  N.Y., 
47-52,  Montreal  (St.  Gabriel  St.)  52-5,  Hamilton,  Ont,  55-71,  Prof,  of 
Systematic  Theology  in  Knox  Coll.,  Toronto,  71-2)  ;  Brooklyn  Heights, 
72-77,  d.  Dec.  15.  LL.D.  by  Olivet  Coll.,  Mich.;  D.D.  by  R.C.  1874. 
See  Dr.  Waters'  admirable  sketch  of  him  in  Manual  of  1879. 

Publications:  "Exposition  of  Internat.  S.S.  Lessons"  in  "Sower  and 
Gospel  Field,"  1874-7.  Hist.  Ser.  Commem.  of  the  25th  Anniver.  of  the 
Church  on  the  Heights,  Brooklyn,  1875.  Many  contributions  to  the  press. 
"Vedder  Lectures" — in  course  of  preparation  at  his  death. 

Inglis,  Thomas  Edward,  b.  Hamilton,  Ontario,  Nov.  15,  1857;  Univer. 
Toronto,  81,  P.S.  84,  1.  Prcsb.  New  Brunswick  (S.S.  1st  Presb.  Tren- 
ton, May-Aug.,  84;  Presb.  Miss,  to  India,  84-92),  Bergen  Point,  92-7, 
Yonkers,  97-1901,  w.  c. 

Publications  :  India  correspondent  for  the  N.  Y.  Religious  Press.  Amer. 
cor.  for  the  "Madras  Christian  College  Magazine."  "Higher  Education 
in  India,  Christian  and  Governmental." 

Isaac,  Abram  (Hindoo),  Arcot  Sem.  1899.  Laboring  as  an  evangelist  in 
India,  1899 

Israel  (Hindoo),  lie.  by  CI.  of  Arcot,  1867.  Laboring  as  an  evangelist, 
67-84,  suspended. 

Israel,  Geo.  R.     Ridgewood,  L.  I.,  1897 

Jackson,  John  Frelinghuysen  (s.  of  W.  Jackson),  b.  at  Bergen,  1768;  Q.C. 
1788,  studied  under  Livingston,  lie.  by  Synod  of  R.D.  Chs.  1790;  Har- 
lem and  Phillipsburgh,  1792-1806,  Fordham,  1819-36,  d. 

He  was  early  introduced  into  the  ministry,  and  for  nearly  half  a  century 
served  the  Master  with  singular  consistency,  faithfulness,  and  zeal.  He 
was  a  man  of  sound,  experimental,  practical  piety,  of  great  simplicity  of 
character  and  singleness  of  heart,  and  of  self-denying  humility.  Of  men 
he  sought  neither  praise  nor  recompense.  Possessed  of  ample  resources, 
his  services  to  the  Church  were  rendered,  throughout  his  life,  almost  gratu- 
itously. An  act  of  distinguished  liberality  manifests  his  attachment  to  the 
Church.  His  life,  if  not  brilliant,  was  filled  up  with  laborious  usefulness. 
When  on  the  verge  of  the  grave,  he  was  all  self-renunciation,  humility, 
faith,  gratitude,  hope  and  joy. 

Jackson,  William,  b.  1732,  studied  under  J.  Frelinghuysen  and  J.  H.  Goet- 
schius,  lie.  CI.  Amsterdam,  1757;  Bergen  and  Staten  Island,  1757-89, 
emeritus,  d.  1813.  One  of  the  original  trustees  of  Q.C.  A.M.  by 
Univer.  Utrecht;  by  C.C.  1761,  by  Y.C.  1763,  by  C.N.J.  1771. 

He  received  a  call  from  the  churches  of  Bergen  and  Staten  Island  on 
June  22,   1753.     This  stipulated  that  he  should  go  to  Holland,  to  complete 


54°  THE    MINISTRY. 

his  studies  and  receive  ordination  from  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  He 
was  gone  four  years,  and  returned;  but  few  materials  remain  to  give  us  an 
idea  of  his  character.  Tradition  speaks  of  him  as  a  learned  man  and  a 
devoted  minister  of  Christ.  He  had  a  commanding  voice,  and  was,  in  the 
Dutch  language,  a  powerful  orator.  He  was  much  sought  after  in  the 
Reformed  churches  of  Middlesex  and  Somerset  Counties,  N.  J.,  and  was 
esteemed,  as  a  field-preacher,  second  only  to  Whitefield.  On  one  occasion, 
while  preaching  at  Raritan,  the  assemblage  was  so  large  that,  to  be  heard 
by  all,  outside  and  within  the  church,  he  took  his  station  at  the  door,  and 
preached.  In  1759,  he  was  called  as  a  colleague  to  Domine  Hardenbergh 
at  Raritan,  but  declined.  About  1783,  his  mind  began  to  fail,  and  he  be- 
came subject  to  mental  aberrations,  and  would  say  improper  things  in  the 
pulpit,  or  continue  his  discourses  too  long.  On  one  such  occasion,  while 
preaching  in  New  Brunswick,  his  friend,  Hon.  James  Schureman,  gave 
him  a  hint,  by  holding  up  his  watch.  Eyeing  him  keenly,  the  Domine  re- 
plied, "Schureman,  Schureman,  put  up  your  watch;  Paul  preached  till  mid- 
night." 

In  1789,  the  Classis  of  Hackensack,  in  compliance  with  the  wish  of  his 
churches,  was  obliged  to  take  notice  of  his  malady,  and  advised  him  to 
resign  his  call.  This  he  did,  and,  moreover,  obligated  himself,  under  the 
forfeiture  of  five  hundred  pounds,  to  cease  preaching  or  administering  the 
sacraments.  This  was  intended  to  work  effectually  on  his  mind.  His  wife 
also  became  afflicted  in  the  same  way.  But  the  church  gave  them  the  use 
of  the  parsonage  the  rest  of  their  lives — about  twenty-four  years — and  pur- 
chased another  parsonage  for  his  successor. — Amst.  Cor.,  many  letters. 
"McClintock's  Cyc."     "Taylor's  Annals  of  Bergen." 

Jackson,  William  H.,  lie.  N.  CI.  L.I.  1898;  Bushwick,  1898-1900,  w.  c. 

Jacob,  Solomon  (Hindoo),  1.  CI.  Arcot. 

Jacobs,   Christian  Williams,  b.  at  Elden,  Gelderland,  Netherlands,   March 

23,   1838.     Educated  in  Holland,  and  served  different  churches  there. 

Came  to  America,  1889.     Passaic,  2d  (Hoi.),  89-1891,  d.  April  18. 

Although  pastor  of  the  Dutch  church  of  Passaic  only  about  a  year  and  a 
half,  more  than  100  families  united  by  letter,  and  nearly  100  joined  on  pro- 
fession. Everything  was  flourishing,  when  the  pastor  died.  "Mints.  Gen. 
Syn.,"  1891,  419. 

Jacobs,  Leonardus  (s.  of  C.  W.  Jacobs),  N.B.S.  1894-6. 

Jacobs,  William  Marinus  Christian  (s.  of  C.  W.  Jacobs),  b.  at  Armelo, 
Netherlands,  Sept.  18,  1863;  c.  to  America,  89,  N.B.S.  93,  lie.  by 
CI.  of  Paramus;  Passaic  (Hoi.),  93-1895,  d.  Sept.  23.  See  "Mints. 
Gen.  Syn.,"   1896,  489. 

James,  Woodbridge  L.,  b.  1812;  U.C.  39,  Bangor  Sem. ;  from  Presbyt.  of 
Utica;  Day,  49-52,  Columbia,  54-5,  Woodstock,  56-62,  Home  miss,  in 
Missouri,  62-64.     Died,  Oct.  20,  1887.     "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1888,  678. 

Jameson,  Chs.  M.     Mt.  Pleasant,  N.Y.C.  1852-62. 

Janeway,  Henry  L.  (grandson  of  J.  J.  Janeway)  ;  b.  Jersey  City,  N.  J., 
Nov.  20,  1855;  R.C.  75,  N.B.S    78,  lie.  CI.  N.B. ;  ord.  as  an  evangelist 


THE   MINISTRY.  54 1 

by  Presbyt.  of  Colorado,  Oct.  78  (Leadville,  Col.,  78-9,  Ouray,  Col.,  8o, 
Williamstown,  N.  J.,  81-95,  all  Presbyt.)  ;  w.  c. 
Janeway,  Jacob  Jones,  b.  in  N.Y.C.,  Nov.  20,  1774;  C.C.  1794;  studied 
under  Livingston,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  Nov.  30,  1797;  ordained  by  the  Presbyt. 
Philadelphia,  June  13,  1799;  (Philadelphia,  2d  Presbyt.  1798-1828; 
elected  director  in  Princeton  Theolog.  School,  1813,  also  a  trustee  of 
Princeton  Coll.  1813,  Prof.  Didac.  Theol.  in  the  Western  Theolog. 
Sem.  Allegheny,  Pa.,  1828-9)  ;  New  Brunswick,  1830-1,  elected  a  trus- 
tee of  Rutgers  Coll.  1830,  supplied  Orchard  St.,  N.Y.C.  1831,  Vice- 
Pres.  of  Rutgers  Coll.  and  Prof.  Belles  Let,  Evidences  of  Christianity 
and  Polit.  Economy,  1833-9  (returned  to  Presbyt.  Ch.  1839,  elected 
trustee  of  Coll.  N.  J.  1839,  engaged  in  various  labors  in  the  general 
service  of  the  Presbyt.  Ch.  in  its  For.  and  Domestic  Mission  Boards, 
and  in  the  oversight  of  Theolog.  and  Colleg.  Institutions,  1839-58,  d. 
June  27.)     D.D. 

The  Janeway  family  came  from  the  vicinity  of  London,  England.  Rev. 
William  Janeway  was  one  of  the  ministers  who  refused  to  obey  the  Uni- 
formity Act,  and  was  excluded  from  his  parish.  Four  of  his  sons  were  also 
ministers.  The  life  of  one  of  these,  Rev.  John  Janeway,  noted  for  his  holy 
life  and  triumphant  death,  has  been  published  by  the  Presbyterian  Board. 
A  member  of  this  family  removed  to  America  about  the  opening  of  the  last 
century,  bearing  with  him  the  charter  of  Trinity  Church,  of  which  he  was 
also  one  of  the  vestrymen.  He  died  about  1708.  His  son,  Jacob  Janeway, 
removed  to  Somerset  Co.,  N.  J.,  and  it  is  his  grandson  who  is  the  subject 
of  this  sketch.  After  his  licensure,  he  made  a  journey  of  nearly  2,000  miles 
for  the  benefit  of  his  health,  mostly  on  horseback,  through  New  England, 
in  company  with  Dr.  J.  N.  Abeel.  In  his  first  settlement  he  was  colleague 
with  Rev.  Dr.  Ashbel  Green  for  thirteen  years.  Each  agreed  to  remember 
the  other  in  his  daily  prayers,  and  to  treat  each  other's  character  as  if  it 
were  his  own.  This  produced  the  most  happy  effects,  and  their  relations 
were  without  a  jar.  He  was  only  twenty-three  years  old  when  he  assumed 
so  important  a  position  in  what  was  then  the  chief  city  of  the  Union,  with 
the  President  of  the  United  States  in  his  flock. 

His  health  was  seriously  affected  in  his  youth  from  too  intense  study, 
but  systematic  exercise,  conjoined  with  great  temperance,  repaired  his  con- 
stitution, so  that  he  reached  more  than  fourscore.  He  was  conscientious 
in  protecting  his  health.  Years  in  advance  of  the  temperance  movement 
he  relinquished  the  use  of  wine.  He  was  free  from  all  affectation,  and 
transparent  in  his  actions.  He  was  reserved  in  reference  to  his  calls  and 
invitations  and  honors.  He  never  took  the  highest  seats  or  appeared 
prominent  on  public  occasions.  He  was  conscientious  in  his  expenses  that 
he  might  have  more  for  charity.  He  was  never  known  to  indulge  in 
innuendo,  or  relate  unseemly  anecdotes.  If  others  indulged  in  them  in  his 
presence,  he  frowned  upon  them  or  remained  silent.  His  countenance  wore 
a  uniform  benignity,  proving  that  the  law  of  kindness  ruled  in  his  heart. 
He  had  great  regard  to  the  feelings  of  others,  and  never  willingly  wounded 
them.     He  was  a  most  diligent  student,  ever  searching  for  truth.     Reason, 


54^  THE    MINISTRY. 

rather  than  imagination,  held  the  supremacy  in  his  mind.  His  style  of 
preaching  was  calm  and  animated.  He  never  ranted  and  was  never  boister- 
ous. Strong  sound  sense  and  lucid  exhibition  of  truth  were  the  prevailing 
characteristics  of  his  sermons.  He  was  uniformly  solemn.  Preaching 
was  to  him  a  high  spiritual  function.  He  believed  in  special  aids  and  illu- 
minations in  the  delivery  of  his  message.  He  went  from  his  closet  to  his 
pulpit,  and  from  his  pulpit  to  his  closet.  He  seldom  wrote  his  sermons  at 
length,  but  he  meditated  closely  and  studied  hard.  His  subjects  were 
chiefly  the  promises  and  consolations  of  the  gospel.  He  had  a  steady  in- 
crease of  membership  rather  than  large  accessions  at  once.  He  was  pru- 
dent. In  the  defense  of  truth  he  was  bold.  He  never  exaggerated  a  state- 
ment. His  most  determined  opponents  gave  him  credit  for  candor.  While 
he  knew  the  burdens  of  indwelling  sin,  he  was  eminently  free  from  doubts 
of  his  personal  acceptance.  He  was  systematically  benevolent,  giving  for 
many  years  before  his  decease,  it  is  believed,  a  fifth  of  his  income.  Many 
young  men  he  aided  privately  in  their  preparation  for  the  ministry.  He 
filled  many  high  places  of  honor  and  trust  in  the  Church.  Two  of  his 
sons,  namely,  John  L.  and  Thomas  L.,  entered  the  ministry.  The  latter 
prepared  a  memoir  of  his  father. — Presbyt.  Board,  1861.  See  also  "Mc- 
Clintock's  and  Strong's  Cyc." ;  "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  ii.  159;  Funeral  Disc,  by 
Dr.  How. 

Publications  :  Report,  "A  Plan  for  Disciplining  Baptized  Children," 
1812.  Letters  Explaining  Abrahamic  Cov.,  1812.  Letters  on  the  Atone- 
ment. "Internal  Evidences  of  the  Bible."  "Hist,  of  Rutgers  Coll.,"  1833. 
"View  of  the  Workings  of  the  Different  Covenants  between  Gen.  Syn.  and 
Trustees  of  Rutgers  Coll.,"  1849.  "Review  of  Dr.  Schaff  on  Protestant- 
ism." "Hope  for  the  Jews."  "Semi-centenary  of  Presbyt.  Ch.  in  New 
Brunswick,"  1840.  "Commem.  Disc,  of  Dr.  Peter  O.  Studdiford,"  1866. 
"Commentaries  on  Romans,  Hebrews,  Acts."  "Expos,  of  Acts  in  Ques- 
tion and  Ans."     "Communicants'  Manual."     "Hope  for  my  Country." 

Janeway,  John  L.    (son  of  J.  J.  Janeway)  ;   R.C.   1835,  N.B.S.  40,  1.  CI. 

N.B. ;  Montville,  43-50  (Flemington,  N.  J.,  Presb.)     D.D. 
Publications:   "Disc.  Commem.  of  Rev.  Peter  O.  Studdiford,"  1866. 
Jansen,  John  N.,  b.  at  Marbletown,  N.  Y.,  March  1,  1827;  R.C.  48,  N.B.S. 

51,   1.   CI.   New  Brunswick;   Guilford,  N.  Y.,  52-63,   Pompton,   N.  J., 

63-83,  w.  c. ;  died,  Jan.  13.  1899. 

He  spent  the  last  fifteen  years  of  his  life  in  Newark,  N.  J.,  where  he  was 
useful  in  superintending  the  Sunday  School  of  the  "Foster  Home,"  an 
asylum  for  half  orphans  in  Newark.  He  was  a  religiously  methodical  man. 
He  supplemented  his  preaching  by  faithful  pastoral  visitation.  He  was  a 
man  of  prayer,  of  studious  habits,  of  rare  conscientiousness ;  a  liberal  giver, 
a  genuine  friend,  a  sympathetic  pastor,  an  instructive  preacher. — "Mints. 
Gen.  Syn.,"  1899,  562.     "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,"  1899,  15. 

Publications:   "Semi-Centennial  Disc,"  Pompton,  1865. 
Jansen,  Josiah,  b.  in  Ulster  Co.,  1835;  R.C.  56,  N.B.S.  59,  1.  CI.  Orange; 
New  Concord.  61-4,  d.     See  Manual  of  187Q. 


THE   MINISTRY.  543 

Janssen,  Reemt.  Belmond,  la.  (Immanuel  Ch.),  1885-94;  Lennox,  1st, 
S.  D.  95,  N.  Sibley,  la.,  1896 

Janssen,  Wirtje  Toenjes,  b.  Veenhusen,  Ostfriesland,  Germany,  Jan.  22, 
1865;  H.C.  93,  W.S.  96,  1.  CI.   Pleasant  Prairie;  George,  la.    (Hope 

Ch.),  96-9,  Ramsay,  la.  (Titonka  Ch.),  1899 

Editor  of  "Sontagschul-Blatt"  of  R.C.A.  in  Iowa;  editor  of  "Annual 

German  Almanac"  of  R.C.A.,  in  Iowa. 

Jap  Han-Chiong  (a  native  Chinese)  ;  studied  under  the  missionaries,  or- 
dained March  29,  1863;  Amoy,  1st,  1863 ? 

Jennings  (Ginnings),  Jacob  (M.D.),  b.  1744  in  Somerset  Co.,  N.  J.;  lie. 
and  ord.  by  Synod  of  Refd.  Dutch  churches,  1789;  Moorfield,  Hardy 
Co.,  Va.,  1788-92  (Presbyt.  Dunlap's  Creek  and  Little  Red  Stone, 
Fayette  Co.,  Pa.,  1792-1811)  ;  died,  Feb.,  1813. 

He  was  a  pupil,  and  finally  became  son-in-law  of  Rev.  Samuel  Kennedy, 
M.D.,  who  labored  in  his  double  profession  at  Basking  Ridge,  N.  J.,  1751- 
87.  Dr.  Jacob  Jennings  practiced  medicine  at  New  Providence,  N.  J.,  from 
1764  to  1772.  In  course  of  time  he  removed  to  Readington,  N.  J.,  and  set- 
tled half  a  mile  east  of  the  present  village  of  that  name.  In  1776  he  was 
commissioned  as  surgeon  in  Col.  Mark  Thompson's  company  of  militia, 
which  served  during  a  brief  period  on  the  Jersey  shore.  When  about  40 
years  of  age  (1784),  and  after  practicing  medicine  for  twenty  years,  he 
began  to  turn  his  attention  to  theology.  In  1788  he  was  induced,  probably 
by  purely  philanthropic  motives,  to  move  to  Hardy  County  (now  in  the 
northeastern  part  of  West  Virginia),  to  exercise  his  chirurgic  art.  He 
had  been  trained  under  the  excellent  ministry  of  Rev.  Dr.  Jacob  R.  Harden- 
berg,  and  had  been  an  elder  in  the  church  of  Readington.  In  his  new  field 
in  Virginia,  he  did  not  forget  his  obligations  to  serve  the  spiritual,  as  well 
as  the  physical,  necessities  of  the  people.  There  was  no  church  within 
sixty  miles  of  his  home.  He  accordingly  held  catechetical  exercises  among 
the  people.  Rev.  Moses  Hoge  had  previously,  and  up  to  1787,  served  this 
people  occasionally.  The  people  were  pleased  with  Dr.  Jennings'  interest 
in  their  religious  well-being,  and  sent  him  back  to  New  Jersey  with  a 
request  that  he  might  be  ordained  to  the  ministry,  in  order  to  labor  among 
them.  The  Synod  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  was  so  affected  by  these 
representations  that  they  licensed  and  ordained  him  at  the  same  session  ; 
and  putting  a  blank  call  in  his  hands,  sent  him  forth  to  organize  a  Re- 
formed Dutch  Church  in  Virginia,  which  after  organization  might  regu- 
larly call  him.  This  was  the  first  example,  after  the  Church's  ecclesiasti- 
cal independence,  of  the  Synod's  licensing  and  ordaining  a  man  to  preach, 
who  had  not  received  a  regular  theological  education,  according  to  the 
manner  of  the  times.  Dr.  Hardenberg's  catechetical  instructions,  however, 
served  as  an  excellent  substitute. 

In  1791  Dr.  Jennings  asked  of  the  Synod  dismission  to  the  Presbyterian 
Church,  as  his  people  were  unable  to  support  him.  The  distance,  400 
miles,  was  also  too  great  for  him  to  remain  connected  with  the  Dutch 
Church.  The  Synod  sent  him  £20,  declining  at  present  to  dismiss  him. 
They  requested  him  to  return,  if  necessary,  and  take  charge  of  some  of 


544  THE    MINISTRY. 

their  own  destitute-  churches.  Nothing  further  is  heard  of  him  in  the 
"Minutes  of  Synod."  The  first  volume  of  the  "Minutes  of  the  Cassis  of 
New  Brunswick"  (1770-1811),  to  which  Classis  he  would  have  belonged, 
was  lost  about  1840,  probably  burned  up  in  a  fire  at  Spotswood,  in  the 
house  of  an  elder  to  whom  they  had  been  loaned.  But  according  to  Pres- 
byterian records,  he  was  received  into  their  church  in  1792. 

The  consecration  of  his  talents  as  a  Christian  physician  has  been  richly 
rewarded.  His  son,  Rev.  Samuel  Jennings,  who  was  born  in  Essex  Co., 
N.  J.,  in  1 77 1,  graduated  from  Rutgers  College  in  1790.  He  lived  for  a 
time  at  Baltimore.  He  became  an  eminent  Methodist  minister,  and  ulti- 
mately the  President  of  Washington  College,  Pa.,  and  died  at  Baltimore, 
1854.  Another  son,  Rev.  Obadiah  Jennings,  D.D.,  born  1778,  having  been 
educated  at  Cannonsburg  Academy,  Washington  Co.,  Pa.,  at  first  prac- 
ticed law  at  Steubensville.  Ohio,  1800-1810;  but  entered  the  ministry  in 
1816.  He  was  pastor  of  Presbyterian  churches  at  Steubensville,  Ohio,  1816- 
22,  Washington,  Pa.,  1822-28,  and  Nashville,  Tenn.,  1828-32.  in  which  year 
he  died.  His  son  became  governor  of  Indiana.  Another  son.  Dr.  Ebenezer 
Jennings,  was  the  father  of  Rev.  Samuel  C.  Jennings,  D.D.,  who  recently 
(1880)  resigned  his  pastorate,  of  fifty  years'  duration,  at  Moon,  Allegheny 
Co.,  Pa.  Governor  Wise,  of  Virginia,  married  the  daughter  of  Obadiah 
Jennings  in  1828,  and  their  son,  Obadiah  Jennings  Wise,  became  editor  of 
the  "Richmond  Enquirer,"  and  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Roanoke  Island 
in  1862.  Private  Correspondence. — "Mints,  of  Gen.  Syn.,"  under  dates 
given;  "Wickes'  Hist,  of  Medicine,"  N.  J.,  296;  "Gillett's  Hist,  of  Presbyt. 
Ch.,"  267,  503 ;  "Sprague's  Annals,"  iv.  554.  See  also  sermon  on  "Life  and 
Character  of  Rev.  Samuel  K.  Jennings,"  by  Rev.  Dr.  T.  H.  Stockton, 
Baltimore,  1855. 

Jensen,  John  H.     Flatbush,  2d,  1893-5- 
Jewett,  Augustus  D.  L.,  b.  in  Wilkesbarre,  Pa.    1830,  Wms.C.  52,  P.S.  54; 

Piermont,  57-9.    D.D.  by  R.C.  1872.    For  further  details,  see  "P.S.  Gen. 

Cat." 
Publications  :    Address  at  funeral  of  Theodore  Strong,  LL.D.,  1869. 
John,  C.  C.  A.  L.,  Graafschap,  1887-91,  Jamestown,  (Forest  Grove),  Mich. 

91-2,  Holland,  Mich.    (Ebenezer),  92-3,  Kalamazoo,  4th,  93-7,  Classical 

Missionary,  Holland,  Mich.,  1897 

John,   Elijah    (Hindoo),    Arcot    Sem.    1890:    lie.   CI.    Arcot ;    evangelist, 

1890 

John,  Joseph  (Hindoo),  Arcot  Sem.  1898;  1.  CI.  Arcot ;  evangelist,  1898 

John,  Zechariah,  a  native  Hindoo;   studied  under  the  missionaries,  lie. 

and  ord.  CI.  Arcot,  1867;  Coonnoor,  Hindoostan,  1867 (?) 

Johns,  Wm.     Prattsville,  1855-9,   (S.S.  Big  Hollow,  Presbyt.)    w.  c.   S.S. 

Fort  Herkimer ;  died,  1875. 
Publications:    "Fort  Herkimer  Ch."    1874. 
Johnson,  Andrew.  Glenville,  2d,  1872-5. 
Johnson,  Arthur,  b.  Newark,  N.  J.  July  22,  1848;  C.N.J.  72;  PS.  72-y, 

U.T.S.  75;   (ord.  by  Presb.  Lackawanna.  May  8.  77 '■  S.S.  Nanticoke. 


THE    MINISTRY.  545 

Wanamie    and    Shickshinny,    Pa..    75-8,    pastor,    Shickshinny,    78-84)  : 

Hackensack,  2d,  1884 

Johnson,  Edward  Payson  (s.  of  Rev.  Asa  Johnson)  b.  in  Peru,  Ind., 
Jan.  26,  1850;  Wabash  College,  Crawfordsville,  Ind.,  71;  Auburn 
Theolog.  Sem.  75 ;  (lie.  by  Presb.  of  Cayuga,  74 ;  ord.  by  Presbyt.  of 
Troy,  75 ;  Sandy  Hill,  N.  Y.,  75-79,  Marshall,  Mich.,  79-86,  Woodlawn 

Park,  Chicago,  86-91,  all  Presbyt.)   Albany,  1st;   N.Y.,  1891 D.D. 

by  R.C.  1896. 

Publications:  Hist,  sketch  of  Presb.  Ch.  of  Sandy  Hill.  N.  Y.  "Our 
250  Years";  Three  Hist.  Sermons,  1892,  1893.  1899.  embracing  Hist.  Re- 
views of  First  Reformed  Ch.  Albany,  N.Y.,  1899. 

Johnson,   Henry  H.    b.   1822;   Miami   University;   Allegheny   Sem.;    (Bos- 
ton,   18.. — ..)    Hastings-on-the-Hudson,    1862-4.      S.S.    Leyden   Cen- 
tre, 1867;  died  Jan.  18,  1881,  at  St.  Edwards,  Neb. 
Johnson,  Isaiah  Y.,  b.  1783;  W.C.  1813,  N.B.S.  16.  1.  CI.  N.B.  Argyle  and 

Fort  Miller,  17-21,  Schodack,  21-4,  d.    See  Manual  of  1879. 
Johnson,  John  Barent,  b.  at  Brooklyn,  1769;  C.C.  1792,  studied  under  Liv- 
ingston, 1.  CI.  N.Y.  1795;    Albany,  1796-1802,  Brooklyn.  1802-3,  d.     See 
Manual  of  1879. 
Publications  :     Oration   on   Union,   anniver.   of  the   Tammany   Society, 
1794. — "Dealings   of  God   with    Israel    and   America,"    1798    (July   4th.)  — 
Eulogy  on  Washington,  before  Legislature,  N.Y.  1800. — Farewell   Ser.  at 
Albany,  1802 ;  with  an  Hist.  Appendix  by  Bassett. — Author  of  the  Pastoral 
Letter  of  Gen.  Syn.  1800.  p.  304. — Many  contributions  to  the  literary  period- 
icals of  the  day;  some  of  these  poetical. 

Johnson,  John  G.,  b.  in  Centre  Co.,  Pa.,  Jan.  22,   1814;  R.C.  36,  N.B.S.  39, 
1.  CI.  N.B.  Glenham,  40-6,  St.  John's,  Upper  Red  Hook,  46-70,  d.  July 
3.     See  Manual  of  1879. 
Publications:     Art.  in  "Sprague's  Annals"  on  Rev.  G.  R.  Williamson. 
Johnson,  T.  C,  Princetown,  N.  Y.    93-99. 

Johnson,  Wm.  (entered  Seceder  Ch.)  Owasco.  1838-65,  became  Presby- 
terian. 

Johnson,  Wm.  L.  (Col.),  b.  New  York,  April  19,  1844;  Lincoln  University, 
Chester  Co.,  Pa.,  69;  U.S.;  lie.  CI.  N.Y.  69;  ord.  by  same,  June  70,  in 
South  Refd.  ch. ;  evangelist  in  North  Carolina,  69-74;  in  Somerville. 
N.J.,  74-5,  Orangeburgh,  S.C.,  1875 

Johnston,  Wm.,  b.  Toronto,  Can.,  July  19,  1855;  McGill  Normal  School, 
Montreal ;  Queen's  Coll.  Kingston,  Can.,  2  yrs. ;  P.S.  1  year;  N.B.S.  00; 
1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Guttenberg,  90-1,  Lodi,  91-8,  Hawthorne  and  N.  Paterson 
98-1900,  Peapack,  1901 

Joldersma,  Rense  Henry,  b.  Smilde,  Prov.  Drenthe,  Netherlands,  Ap.  19, 
1851 ;  H.C.  81,  McCor.  Sem.  84,  1.  CI.  Grand  River ;  Spring  Lake,  Mich., 
84-86,  Grand  Rapids,  5th,  86-89,  Sup.  of  Western  Missions,  89-95.  Chi- 
cago, 1st,  95-99,  Holland  Colonies  in  Maryland,  1899-1901,  Grand 
Rapids  Grace  Ch.  1901 

Preaches  in  English,  Dutch,   and  occasionally   in   German.     During  his 


546 


THE    MINISTRY. 


superintendency   of   Western  Missions,   more   than   50  churches   were  or- 
ganized in  Particular  Synod  of  Chicago. 

Jones,  Charles  Arthur,  b.  Chicago,  111.,  Aug.  10,  1857;  Am.C.  85;  U.T.S. 
88;  ord.  CI.  N.Y.  88;  Union  Ch.  (6th  Ave.)  N.Y.C.  87-00;  (Cong., 
Kane,  Pa.,  1890 ) 

Jones,  Chs.  Harris,  b.  N.  Y.  C.  Aug.  17,  1859;  U.N.Y.  82;  U.T.S.  82-5; 
ord.  by  CI.  Newark,  85  ;  Woodside,  Newark,  85-94 ;  Bayonne,  1st,  1894-9. 

Jones.  David  Adkin,  b.  at  Walsingham,  Norfolk,  Eng.,  Mar.  14,  1798;  Hox- 
ton  Coll.  Eng.,  London,  Sem.  of  Ind.  Dissenters,  1823,  lie.  by  the  civil 
magistrate,  23;  (Foleshill,  Warwickshire,  23-8,  Chorley,  Lancashire, 
20-34,  both  in  Eng.;  Danville,  Ver.  Cong.  34-9),  Saratoga  39-44,  Eas- 
ton,  N.  Y.,  44-8,  Union  48-50,  Constantine  50-2,  Minisink  52-8,  Gra- 
hamville  and  Upper  Neversink,  58-63,  New  Concord  64-7,  w.  c,  d. 
1872,  March  26. 

Jones,  Gardner,  (s.  of  Nicholas  Jones)  ;  N.B.S.  1841 ;  became  a  Romanist 
in  Indiana. 

Jones.  Henry  Titus,   (s.  of  H.  W.  F.  Jones),  b.  Middlebush,  N.  J.,  Aug. 

13,   1859;   N.B.S.  92,  1.   S.  CI.   Bergen;   Dashville   Falls,  92-3,   Assist. 

Brooklyn,  1st,  93-4,  Miss,  work,  Oak  Tree,  N.  J.,  96-1900,  Whitehouse, 

1900 — 
Jones,  Henry  Wm.  Felton,  b.  at  Antigua,  W.  I.,  June  9,  1829;  Salt  Hill 

Institute,  Eng.,  45,  N.B.S.  60,  1.  CI.  N.B.  Bergen  Point,  60-84,  (Bergen 

Point,  1st,  Presbyt.  1884-1901,)   w.  c. 
Jones.  Nathan  W.,  b.  in  Maine,  about  1820;  R.C.  50,  N.B.S.  53;  Cleveland 

53-4.    S.S.    Sharon,   55-6,   S.S.   at   Clove    1856,    Middleport  56-60,   S.S. 

Dingman's  Ferry  (or  Upper  Walpack)  61-2,  w.  c,  died  about  1872. 

He  was  brother  to  Rev.  Lot  Jones.  D.D..  of  New  York,  who  was  an 
Episcopalian.  He  always  avoided  speaking  of  his  age,  and  was  eccentric 
in  many  ways ;  yet  he  was  a  perfect  storehouse  of  knowledge.  Dr.  E.  W. 
Bentley  tells  the  story  of  his  being  present  once  at  his  house  taking  tea, 
with  a  missionary  of  the  American  Board.  The  conversation  turned  upon 
the  faith  of  the  Persian  Fire-worshippers,  by  whom  the  missionary  had 
been  surrounded  in  India.  The  missionary  made  an  error  in  his  state- 
ment, and  Jones  at  once,  in  a  deferential  manner,  set  him  right.  The  mis- 
sionary, astonished  at  his  full  and  accurate  knowledge  of  the  subject,  in- 
vited him  to  proceed,  and  acknowledged  that  he  was  the  learner.  But  Jones 
never  knew  how  to  handle  his  stores  of  knowledge  for  his  own  benefit. 
He  was  ready  at  any  time  to  assort  his  stores  of  fact  for  anybody  else's 
use.  He  became  a  sort  of  ecclesiastical  tramp,  wandering  up  and  down, 
preaching  in  school-houses  or  private  dwellings,  and  never  forgetting  to 
pass  around  the  hat.  Stopping  at  a  farmhouse  one  Saturday  night  near 
Samsonville.  N.  Y.,  and  expecting  to  preach  in  the  schoolhouse  the  next 
day,  he  suddenly  expired  at  midnight. 

Jones,  Nicholas,  studied  under  Mason,  1815;  Sharon  and  New  Rhinebeck 
16-20,  suspended  22,  seceded  independently ;  became  a  Baptist ;  died 
1839. 


THE   MINISTRY.  547 

Jones,  Thos.  Walker,  (s.  of  D.  A.  Jones)  ;  b.  at  Saratoga,  N.Y.;  R.C.  1864, 
N.B.S.  67;  1.  CI.  Raritan;  Pottersville  67-70,  Fonda  70-82,  Holland, 
Mich.  (Hope  Ch.),  83-8,  Bushnell,  111.,  88-91,  Bedminster,  N.  J., 
1892 

Publications  :     A  Historical  Discourse. — Contributions  to  the  press. 

Jongeneel,  James,  b.  Ceres,  Cape  Colony,  S.  Africa ;  !.  CI.  N.Y.  1890,  ord. 
by  CI.  Westchester,  90;  Unionville,  N.  Y.,  90-6,  Central  Bridge  and 
Howe's  Cave,  96-1900,  engaged  in  Y.M.C.A.  work,  New  York,  New- 
ark, &c,  1900 

Jongeneel,  Louis  George,  b.  at  Paramaribo,  Dutch  Guiana,  S.  A.;  1.  in 
South  Africa,  by  CI.  of  Tulbagh,  1856 ;  Miss,  to  heathen,  at  Aberdeen, 
S.  Africa,  afterward  at  Ceres,  1856-66,  c.  to  America ;  Sayville,  1866- 
71,  Miss,  at  Hohokus,  N.  J.,  1871-3,  Clymer  Village,  1873-6,  Lodi,  N.  J., 
1878-92,   (New  Amsterdam,  Wis.,  92-5,  Baldwin,  Wis.,  1895 ). 

Jongewaard,  Cornelius  A.,  b.  Pella,  la.,  1868;  Iowa  Coll.  93,  W.S.  97,  1. 
CI.  Iowa;  Macon  and  S.  Macon,  97-1901. 

Joshua,  Moses,  (Hindoo),  Arcot  Sem.  1900;  laboring  as  an  evangelist  in 
India,  1900 

Jotinayekam,  Nathaniel,  (Hindoo),  Arcot  Sem.  1893;  laboring  as  an 
evangelist  in  India  1893 

Joralmon,  J.  S.  R.C.  1852,  N.B.S.  55,  1.  CI.  Bergen;  Miss,  to  China,  55-8, 
voyage  to  America,  July-Nov.  58,  Fairview  60-85,  Norwood  Park, 
Chicago,  85-95,  Denver,  Col.,  1895 

Jordan,  Mark,  (colored),  1.  CI.  N.  Y.  1823;  African  Ch.  N.  Y.  City,  sup- 
plied, 1823-9,  withdrew. 

Jukes,  Charles,  b.  in  England,  1788,  c.  to  America,  1830;  (Edinburgh  and 
Fish  House,  1830-4,  Amsterdam,  Presbyt.  1834-9),  Glen  1839-40,  Glen 
and  Auriesville  1840-4,  Stone  Arabia  and  Ephratah)  1844-50,  Rotter- 
dam 1850-62,  d.     See  Manual  of  1879. 

Julien,  Robt.  D.  N.B.S.  1852,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1852;  Sharon,  1852-3.  (To 
Presbyt.  of  Burlington,  1862). 

Junor,  David,  b.  London,  Ont.,  July  20,  1842 ;  Toronto  University,  66 ;  1. 
lie.  by  Cong.  Council  at  Berlin.  Wis.,  88;  (Mt.  Olivet,  Brooklyn, 
Presbyt.  89-97).  Huguenots,  S.I.,  1897 

Junor,  Kenneth  Frank,  b.  London,  Ont.,  Aug.  31,  1846;  Univ.  College,  To- 
ronto, 67-9,  Knox  Col.  Toronto,  71-2,  U.T.S.  72-3 ;  (ord.  Presb.  Hali- 
fax, 73 :  Hamilton,  Bermuda,  73-7,  Formosa,  China.  77-82,  student  of 
medicine,  Univ.  Med.  Col.  N.  Y.  C,  82-6;)  De  Witt  Memorial  Chapel, 
N.Y.C.,  86-95,  Thirty-fourth  st.  Ch.  (Collegiate  Ch.)  95-1897.  M.D. 
by  Univ.  Med.  Col.  N.Y.,  1886. 

Justin,  John,  b.  at  Weinolsheim,  Hesse,  May  19,  1839:  R.C.  62,  N.B.S.  65, 
1.  CI.  N.B. ;  North  Bergen,  1865 

Kadewelu,  P.  (Hindoo),  Arcot  Sem.  1901 ;  laboring  as  an  evangelist  in 
India,  1901 

Kain,  P.  I.,  b.  March  31,  1848,  in  Ireland;  entered  on  evangelistic  work  in 
1889;  (pastor,  M.E.  Ch.  of  Pittston  91-92,  of  Cong.  Ch.  W.  Pittston, 
92-5),  Philadelphia,  4th,  1895 


548  THE    MINISTRY. 

Kails,  Wm.,  came  from  London,  in  1756,  with  recommendation  from  Dr 
Chandler;  (supplied  Philadelphia,  Ger.  Ref.  in  1756-7,  Amwell,  Ger. 
Ref.  and  the  German  Churches  on  the  Raritan,  1757-9,)  N.Y.C.  Ger. 
1759-60. — "Harbaugh's  Lives,"  ii.  382. 

Kampen,  Isaac.     See  Van  Kampen. 

Karsten,  John  H.,  b.  Heerenveen,  Vriesland,  Netherlands,  Feb.  16,  1833; 
R.C.  60,  N.B.S.  63,  1.  CI.  111. ;  Miss,  to  Forreston,  111.,  65-7,  Oostburg, 
67-9,  Alto,  Wis.,  69-84,  Ed.  of  "De  Hope,"  84-6,  Coopersville,  Mich., 
86-9,  Alto,  89-93,  Oostburg  and  Hingham,  Wis.,  93-7,  Oostburg,  97-9, 
w.  c. 
Publications  :  Translation  into  Dutch  of  "'Our  Country"  by  Dr.  Josiah 

Strong. — Editorials  and  contributions  to  the  press. 

Kasse,  A.  K.,  c.  to  America,  1846,  1.  CI.  Geneva,  51;  Pultneyville,  51-61. 
Buffalo  61-4,  Cleveland  64-8,  Paterson  (Hoi.  2d)  68-74.  d. 

Kavanagh,  John  Francis  Edge,  b.  N.Y.C.  1858,  P.S.  S3,  ord.  CI.  Po'keepsie, 
83,  Hyde  Park,  83-4;  other  details,  see  P.S.  Gen.  Cat. 

Kay,  John,  (Hindoo),  Arcot  Sem.  99,  1.  CI.  Arcot;  laboring  as  an  evange- 
list in  India,  1899 

Keerl,  Julius  J.  West  Leyden,  1889. 

Kelder,  Edward,  b.  Grandville,  Mich.,  Oct.  5,   1873;  H.C.  96,  W.S.  99,  1. 

CI.  Grand  River ;  Constantine,  1899 

Kellogg,  C.  D.,  b.  Ann  Arbor,  Mich,  July  3,  1842;  C.N.J.  61,  P.S.,  1.  2d 

Presbyt.   N.Y.   63;    (Wilmington,   Del.,  63-7.)    Northumberland,   67-8, 

Northumberland     and     Fort     Miller,     68-72,     Passaic,     North,     72-Q, 

(Presbyt.) 
Kemlo,  Jas,  b.  in  Scotland,  1848;  R.C.  75,  N.B.S.  78,  lie.  CI.  N.B.  (Lincoln, 

Neb.   (Presb.)  78-80)  Montville,  N.J.,  1880-83,  d. 
Kennedy,  Duncan,  b.  Amsterdam,  N.Y,  May  16,   1809;  U.C.  35,   P.S.  37, 

ord.  Presb.  Albany,  39;   (Galway,  NY'.,  39-41,)    Albany,  41-55,  Troy. 

Second  st.  55-67,  Brooklyn,  2d,  68-9,  Bloomfield,  Westminster  Ch.  70- 

81.    Died  Dec.  30.  1887.    D.D.  by  Ham.  C.  1845. 

He  was  a  genial,  warm-hearted  man,  of  good  address,  and  pleasant 
voice.  He  maintained  a  comparatively  high  standard  as  preacher  by  giv- 
ing almost  exclusive  attention  to  composition,  early  in  his  collegiate  and 
theological  course.  He  concentrated  his  power  upon  doing  one  thing  well ; 
and  so  he  gave  to  the  church  more  than  forty  years  of  acceptable  service. 
His  success  was  in  no  small  degree  due  to  his  godly  Scotch  motheT,  and  to 
the  Bible  and  the  Westminster  Assembly's  Shorter  Catechism,  which  he 
was  taught  in  his  childhood. 

Publications  :     Sermon  on  the  death  of  Rev.  W.  J.  Pohlman,  Albany, 
1849;  the  same  delivered  in  New  York  City  before  Gon.  Syn.  June  10,  1849 
— Discourse  at  Tnaug.  of  Dr.  W.  H.  Campbell  as  Prof.  Bib.  Lit.   1851. 
Kennipe, ,  Canajoharie,  177.  . 

He  once  suffered  a  merciless  flagellation,  from  a  hard  man,  by  the  name 
of  Diel,  as  they  rode  together  on  horseback,  on  the  river's  bank.  The 
minister  would   not   prosecute,  but  appealed   to  God,   and.   strange  to  say, 


THE    MINISTRY.  549 

both  men  died  on  the  same  night.     Kennipe  was  a  single  man,  and  was 
thought  to  have  been  partially  deranged. 

Kern,  Fred.,  b.  1846  at  Eisnach,  Ger. ;  Leipzig  Univ.,  Dubuque  Sem.,  Iowa, 
68 ;  lie.  by  Presbyt. ;  ord.  by  United  Presb.  Syn.  of  the  Northwest,  68, 
(Warsaw,  Wis.,  68-71,  Carlstadt,  N.  J.,  71-6,  both  Presb.,)  Newark, 
West,  1876-82,  w.  c.  82-95. 

Kern,  John  Michael,  (Heidelberg,  Germany,  17.  .—1763,)  Ger.  N.Y.C.  1763- 
71,  Montgomery,  N.Y.,  1771-8.  From  memoranda  in  Secretary  of 
State's  Office,  he  is  represented  as  pastor  of  the  High  German  Ch. 
N.Y.C.  1765;  of  Ger.  Cong,  at  Camp  and  Rhinebeck,  in  1787;  and  of 
Hanover,  Ulster  Co.,  1775.  He  was  Conferentie.  A  sermon  of  his, 
preached  in  1767  in  Ger.  R.C.,  N.Y.C,  was  translated  by  Morris  Fox, 
and  published  1875. 

Kerr,  George,  b.  in  Ireland,  1812;  Wins.  Col.  39,  U.S.  43;  Conesville,  N.Y., 
44-6.    Died  Mar.  27,  1867.     See  more  in  U.S.  Gen.  Cat. 

Kershaw,  John,  b.  at  Paterson,  May  14,  1842;  U.S.  68,  lie.  CI.  Paramus. 
1871  ;  teaching,  1868-73  ;  Stone  House  Plains,  1873-80.  See  U.S.  Cat. 
for  more. 

Kershow,  Joseph  H.,  b.  1826,  at  Harlingen,  N.J.  R.C.  50,  N.B.S.  53,  1.  CI. 
Philadelphia.  Miss,  at  Ridegway  and  Macon,  53-5,  Centreville,  55-65. 
Eden,  65-67,  New  Salem,  67-72,  Gallupville,  72-7,  S.S.  Sharon,  77-9, 
S.S.  De  Spelder.  79-82.     Died  Dec.  20.   1886.     Mints.  Gen.  Syn.   1887, 

434- 
Ketchum,  Isaac  S..  b.  at  Poughkeepsie,  1796;  N.B.S.  1821,  I.  CI.  N.B.  Sal- 
isbury, Manheim,  and  Danube,  22-3,  Manheim  and  Stone  Arabia,  23-30, 
in  23  also  appointed  Miss,  to  Columbia,  Indian  Castle,  and  Rem  Sny- 
der's Bush,  and  26-7  Miss,  to  Herkimer;  Stone  Arabia  and  Ephratah, 
30-5,  Miss,  to  Centreville  and  Three  Rivers,  Mich.,  35-8,  d.  1863. 

He  was  an  intimate  friend  of  President  Van  Buren,  who  appointed  him 
to  the  delicate  task  of  removing  some  Indian  tribes  beyond  the  Mississippi. 
This  he  did  satisfactorily,  and  received  from  the  President  an  autograph 
letter,  thanking  him  for  his  services.  He  then  removed  to  St.  Louis,  where 
he  became  a  farmer,  and  afterward  hospital  chaplain. 
Kettletas,  Ab.,  b.  in  N.Y.   1733;  Y.C.   1752;    (Elizabethtown.   N.J.,  Presb. 

1757-60;)    supplied  Jamaica,    1760-2;    French    Ch.    N.Y.C.    1769;   died 

Sept.  30,  1798. 

He  preached  in  English,  Dutch,  or  French.  The  people  at  Jamaica  de- 
sired him  for  their  pastor,  but  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  were  not  satisfied 
with  his  views  on  the  divinity  of  Christ,  and  refused  their  assent. — See 
"Sprague's  Annals"  R.D.C.  p.  20.     "Amst.  Cor." 

Kiekentveld,  Mannes,  b.  in  Netherlands,  1840;  c.  to  America,  50;  R.C.  63, 

N.B.S.   66,   1.   CI.   Holland.   Grandville,   67-70,   Fremont   Centre,  70-3. 

Polkton,  73-6,  Detroit,  76-7,  w.  c.    Died,  1889,  May  30.     Mints.  Gen. 

Syn.  1890,  1891.     Biog.  sketches  of  Grads.    R.C.  1889,  24. 
Killough,  Walter  W.     D.C.  1873,  N.B.S.  1876,  lie.  by  Presbyt.  Arkansas, 

1876;  laboring  in  Boone  Co.,  Ark.,  1876-80. 


55°  THE    MINISTRY. 

Kimball,  Jos.,  b.  at  Newburgh,  N.Y.,  Aug.  17,  1820;  U.C.  1839,  Newburgh 

Sem.  1843,  lie,  Assoc.  Ref.  1843;  (Hamptonburgh,  1844-52;  Hebron; 

Brockport;)    Fishkill-on-the-Hudson,    1683-5,    Brooklyn,    1865-74,    d. 

Dec.  6.    D.D.  by  R.C.  1866.    See  Manual,  1879. 
Kinmra,  Kumage,  (Japanese),  N.B.S.  1882;  sailed  for  Japan,  July  18,  1882. 

Laboring  in  Japan. 
King,  Albert  A.,  Ponds,  1880-3,  Boonton,  83-7,  Riverside,  87-92,  Ramapo, 

92-1900,  emeritus. 
King,  Albert  Barnes,  b.  Morristown,  N.J.,  1828;  C.N.J.  55,  US.  55-6,  P.S. 

57-8;  S.S.  Gilboa,  N.Y.,  1862-3.    See  Gen.  Cats.  U.S.  and  P.S. 
King,  Fred.  L,  R.,  b.  Morristown,  N.J.,  1823;  C.N.J.  44,   P.S.  46-8;  ord. 

as  evangelist  by  CI.  Bergen,  Oct.  16,  55 ;  Hudson  City,  55-7.     See  P. 

Gen.  Cat.  for  further  particulars. 
King,   Jas.   Foster,   b.   Bloomfield,   N.J.,    1857,   C.C.N.Y.   79,   U.S.  83,  ord. 

CI.   Ulster;  Roxbury,  83-1886,  died  May  30.     See  U.S.  Gen.  Cat.;  and 

Mints.  Gen.  Syn.  1887,  430. 
Kingsbury,  Lucius,  Sioux  Falls,  S.D.,  1896-8. 

Kinney,  Chs.  Walter,  b.  S.  Berlin,  Rensselaer  Co.,  N.Y.,  June  5,  1858;  lie. 
CI.  Saratoga,  1888;  Westerlo,  N.Y.,  89-91,  Shokan  and  Shandaken,  91- 
3,  St.  Johnsville,  93-9,  (Hobart,  N.Y.,  Presbyt.  1899 ) 

Kip,  Francis  M.,  b.  1808  in  N.Y.C.  CC.  26,  N.B.S.30,  1.  CI.  N.Y. ;  Bloom- 
ingdale,  30-1,  Ninth  St.,  N.Y.C,  31-6,  Fishkill,  36-70,  Huguenots,  S.I., 
72-6,  Huguenots  and  Richmond,  76.  Chaplain  of  Seamen's  Retreat, 
S.I.,  72-1888,  died  May  28.  Elected  a  trustee  of  R.C.  i860.  S.T.D.  by 
CC.  1857 

He  at  first  began  the  study  of  law,  but  he  soon  turned  his  thoughts  to  the 
ministry.  He  was  unassuming  in  manner,  kind  of  heart,  and  devoted  to 
his  calling.  He  was  an  excellent  theologian  and  historian,  was  well  versed 
in  the  ancient  languages  and  a  great  antiquarian.  What  was  written  by 
his  pen  was  carefully  written,  his  language  was'  choice,  his  sentences 
rounded,  and  they  fell  pleasantly  upon  the  ear.  Mints.  Gen.  Syn.  1888.  684. 
See  also  "Gen.  and  Biog.  Rec."  1889,  p.  12. 

Publications  :  "An  Old  Disciple  and  his  Descendants,"  with  an  in- 
troductory chapt.  by  Dr.  Thomas  De  Witt,  1848. — Disc,  at  the  150th  Anniv. 
of  R.D.C.  Fishkill,  1866.— Address  at  Fun.  of  Dr.  C.  C.  Van  Cleef. 

Kip.  Francis  M.,  (s.  of  F.  M.  Kip;)  U.N.Y.  1864,  N.B.S.  67,  1.  CI.  Pough- 
keepsie:  Linlithgo.  67-9;  Fultonville,  69-82.  also  S.S.  Auriesville,  79- 
83,  Harlingen,  1883 

Kip,  Isaac  L.,  (s.  of  F.  M.  Kip;)  R.C.  1855,  N.B.S.  61,  1.  CI.  Poughkeepsie ; 
East  Williamsburgh,  61-2,  Chaplain  159th  Reg.  N.Y.V.  62-3,  Stuyvesant 
Falls.  64-7,  Schodack  Landing,  67-75,  Peekskill.  75-9  (Presb.  Patter- 
son. Dutchess  Co.,  N.Y.,  79-88,  Lisha's  Kill,  88-91,  Sup.  of  New  Bruns- 
wick City  Miss.  91-3,  Highbridge,  N.J.,  93-8.  Philadelphia.  South,  98- 
1900.    Died  Aug.  26,  1901. 

He  resigned  his  charge  in  Philadelphia  to  devote  his  time  altogether  to 
literary  work.     He  was  well  known  as  a  writer  of  ability  for  the  press. 


THE    MINISTRY.  551 

He  was  a  frequent  correspondent  to  the  "Christian  Weekly,"  "American 
Agriculturist,"  N.  Y.  "Tribune,"  "Christian  at  Work,"  N.  Y.  "Observer," 
"American  Messenger,"  and  "Christian  Intelligencer."  At  the  time  of  his 
decease  he  was  engaged  in  writing  a  book  for  publication.  In  addition  to 
his  mental  acquirements,  he  was  a  spiritually-minded  man,  and  walked 
with  God.  His  excellencies  of  character  and  kind  heart  won  him  many 
friends.  He  was  of  a  broad  and  catholic  spirit,  refined  and  cultured  taste, 
and  thorough  consecration  to  the  work  of  winning  souls.  His  personal 
characteristics  were  the  fruit  of  an  honored  heredity.  Allied  with  the 
Bayards  and  Livingstons,  there  flowed  in  his  veins  the  best  blood  of  the 
Knickerbocker  stock.  He  bore  the  same  name,  Isaac  L.  Kip,  as  that  of 
an  honored  elder  of  the  Collegiate  Church  of  the  preceding  generation, 
whose  name  appears  so  often  in  the  Minutes  of  General  Synod.  He  was 
a  worthy  descendant  of  the  stock,  and  possessed  powers  of  thought  and 
expression  which  made  his  utterances  worthy  of  attention.  Says  another 
concerning  him :  He  was  a  Christian  gentleman  always  and  everywhere. 
Of  gentle,  sensitive  spirit,  of  refined,  cultivated  tastes  and  manners,  of  high 
literary  ability  and  attainment,  and  having  withal  a  keen  sense  and  ap- 
preciation of  humor,  he  was  a  charming  conversationalist  and  correspond- 
ent, and  a  delightful,  sometimes  brilliant  writer.  His  sermons  were  of 
much  more  than  ordinary  merit  as  regards  originality  and  clearness  of 
thought,  and  elegance  as  well  as  force  of  expression.  As  a  pastor  he  was 
eminently  faithful  and  conscientious,  as  well  as  kindly  and  tender.  His 
articles  to  the  papers  were  often  printed  as  editorial  leaders  without  signa- 
ture. He  always  had  something  of  interest  to  say,  and  he  said  it  well  in  a 
clear,  terse,  strong  way,  in  English  of  classic  purity.  Full  of  fun,  as  he  was 
at  times,  it  was  always  reverent  and  pure,  and  never  unkind. 

Publications  :  Letters  from  Army,  1863,  in  "Fishkill  Journal"  and  "Ch. 
Int." — In  Memoriam  H.  F.  See.  "Ch.  Int.,"  1874. — Exegesis  Matt.  26:29; 
Hudson  Minist.  Assoc,  1866. — Essay  on  Relation  of  the  Ministry  to  the 
Church:  Hudson  River  Assoc.  1868. — The  Prayer  Test;  Conditions  and 
Results.    H.R.  Assoc,  1873. — Very  many  contributions  to  the  press. 

Kip,  Leonard  W.,  b.  N.Y.C.  Nov.  10,  1837;  Col.  Coll.  57,  N.B.S.  60,  1.  CI. 
N.Y. ;  voyage  to  China,  June-Sept.  61,  China,  61-8;  voyage  to  America. 
April-June.  68 ;  visiting  the  churches,  Oct.  68-9,  Dec. ;  voyage  to  China, 
Dec.  69-70,  March ;  in  China,  1870-9,  voyage  home,  Feb.  —    Sept.  79, 
by  way  of  Europe ;  in  America,  Sept.  79 — Oct.  80,  sailed  for  China  from 
San  Francisco,  Nov.  18,  1880;  in  China.  1880-9,  in  America  1889-90,  in 
China  1890-8,  in  America   98-1901,  died  Feb.  7.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1880. 
He  was  the  son  of  Leonard  W.  Kip,  Esq.,  of  New  York  City.     Though 
his  was  every  inducement  to  remain  at  home  in  perhaps  a  less  costly  ser- 
vice, and  in  the  enjoyment  of  comforts  and  luxury  that  could  be  his  at 
command,  he  heeded  the  call  of  the  Board  for  China.     Having  entered 
upon  his  work,  he  seemed  to  be  utterly  forgetful  of  self  in  his  deep  absorp- 
tion in  his  ministry  for  others.     He  had  especial  fondness  for  the  direct 
preaching  of  the  Gospel ;  and  he,  therefore,  devoted  his  energies  chiefly 
to  the  evangelistic  work  of  the  Mission.    He  knew  the  truth  and  power  of 


552  THli     MINISTRY. 

the  Gospel  in  his  own  soul  and  life,  and  it  was  his  constant  desire  and 
effort  to  bring  that  power  to  bear  upon  the  hearts, and  lives  of  those  by 
whom  he  was  surrounded.  Hardly  any  other  missionary  in  all  that  region 
was  so  constantly  touring  with  his  helpers,  and  preaching  the  Gospel  in 
the  towns  and  villages  about.  No  horrors  of  native  inns,  no  tedious  jour- 
neys on  river  boats  or  mountain  climbs  were  sufficient  to  deter  him.  His 
knowledge  of  the  country  was  extensive  and  exact,  <o  that  he  became  the 
geographer  of  the  Mission,  and  the  map  which  he  prepared  of  the  region 
about  Amoy  is  perhaps  the  best  extant  of  that  section.  Among  the  hun- 
dreds of  towns  and  villages  found  on  it,  there  were  few  which  he  himself 
had  not  visited.  He  was  a  great  favorite  among  his  classmates,  the  very 
soul  of  sunshine,  quick  at  catching  a  joke,  sweet  in  spirit,  and  a  rapid 
learner.  While  sound  in  his  views,  he  was  also  more  than  that ;  he  was 
spiritual  and  devotional. 

During  the  thirty-eight  years  of  his  active  connection  with  the  Amoy 
Mission,  1861-99,  he  beheld  its  marvelous  development.  When  he  went 
thither,  there  were  but  three  churches  at  Amoy,  with  262  communicants. 
There  was  one  Station,  with  four  Outstations.  Not  a  native  pastor  had 
been  ordained,  and  there  were  but  three  schools  of  any  kind.  When  he  left 
there  were  eleven  churches,  each  with  its  native  pastor,  supported  by  the 
church,  with  more  than  1,400  communicants.  Three  Stations  were  occupied 
by  missionaries,  with  forty-three  Outstations  and  preaching  places.  There 
were  eighteen  schools  of  various  grades,  from  the  Parochial  School  to  the 
Theological  Seminary,  with  three  hospitals.  Dr.  Kip  not  only  witnessed 
this,  but  he  helped  largely  in  bringing  it  into  existence.  Mints.  Gen. 
Syn.."  1901,  1236. 

Publications  :  Letters  from  China  in  the  "Christian  Intelligencer"  and 
"Sower." — Map  of  Amoy  Mission  in  "Manual  of  Missions."— Map  of  Pal- 
estine and  Journeys  of  Paul,  for  Chinese  converts. — Church  Psalter,  1892 ; 
new  map  of  Amoy  District,  1892. — Translation  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  in 
part. 

Kipp,   Peter  E.,  b.  in   Passaic.    N.J..    1847;   N.Y.U.  67,   N.B.S.  70.   lie.  by 
G.  Paramus ;  Fishkill,  N.Y.,  70-4,  Brooklyn,  Bedford,  77-81,  Schenec- 
tady, 2d,  81-7  (Presbyt.,  Cleveland,  O.,  87-95,  San  Diego,  Cal.,  95-1900, 
d.  May  9). 
His  style  of  preaching  was  ornate,  though  not  excessively  so.     He  had 
a  fresh  and  vigorous  way  of  preaching  the  truth,  and  with,  an  enthusiasm 
of  spirit,  which  drew  many  to  hear  him,  who  would  have  had  but  slight 
interest  in  a  scholastic  style  of  preaching.     He  held  firmly  to  the  Word  of 
God,  believing  the  Bible  to  be  a  consistent  revelation  from  beginning  to  end, 
an  infallible  rule  of  faith  and  life,  and  authoritative  in  everything.     In  his 
preaching  the  final  appeal  was  not  to  human  reason,  but  to  divine  revela- 
tion.    Few  ministers  were  ever  received  with  a  heartier  unanimity  than 
was  Mr.  Kipp  by  the  church  of  San  Diego.    At  his  first  communion  there, 
fifty   united   with  the  church,   and   prosperity  and   large  accessions   con- 
tinued till  his  death.     His  influence  was  strongly  felt  in  all  the  social,  po- 
litical and  moral  interests  of  the  community.     He  was  a  favorite  speaker 


THE    MINISTRY.  55,} 

at  Young  Men's  Christian  Associations,  Sabbath-school,  and  Christian 
Endeavor  meetings.  His  zeal  and  activity  were  untiring.  It  was  this  in- 
tensity of  living  and  feeling,  with  domestic  afflictions,  which  broke  down  his 
sensitively  organized  system.  His  last  sermon  was  on  an  Easter  Sabbath 
from  the  text,  "The  Lord  is  risen,  indeed,  and  hath  appeared  unto  Simon." 

Kirby,  Thos.,  (alias  Kirkham,  "M.G.S."  i.  338;)  an  independent  minister 
from  England,  relicensed  by  CI.  N.Y.  1797;  Staten  Island,  1797-1801, 
suspended,  restored;  Elizabethtown,  Canada,  1S01  — .. — "M.  G.  Syn." 
i.  309,  456. 

Kirkland.  Robt.,  w.  c.  1833-6,  Miss,  to  Sand  Beach.  1836-7. 

Kirkwood,  Robt.  From  Presbyterian  Ch.  of  Scotland  ;  Miss,  to  Manayunk, 
28-9,  Cortlandtown,  33-6,  d.  1866. 

Publications:    Lectures  on  the  millennium. — A  plea  for  the  Bible. 

Kissam,  Samuel,  b.  in  N.Y.C.  in  1796;  U.C.  1813,  studied  under  Mason,  and 
at  N.B.S.  17,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Bethlehem  and  Coeymans,  18-28,  Bethlehem 
and  Jerusalem,  28-41,  Coeymans,  43-5,  d.  1868. 

Publications:     Memorials.     i2mo,  pp.  448.     N.Y.,  1859. 

Kittle,  Andrew  N.,  b.  at  Kinderhook,  1785;  U.C.  1804;  studied  under  Froe- 
ligh  and  Livingston,  1.  CI.  Paramus,  1806;  Red  Hook  Landing  and  St. 
John's.  1807-15,  Red  Hook  Landing,  St.  John's,  and  Linlithgo,  1815-27, 
Upper  Red  Hook,  1827-33,  Stuyvesant,  1835-46,  w.  c.  1864,  d. 

He  was  a  grandson  of  Do.  Fryenmoet,  and  was  early  dedicated  to  the 
Lord.  His  first  field  of  labor  was  extensive  and  important.  Educated 
people  were  among  his  parishioners,  as  well  as  those  who  had  been  desti- 
tute of  every  advantage.  He  was  indefatigable.  Young,  vigorous,  and 
ardent,  he  entered  upon  his  work  with  high  resolve  to  be  a  good  minister 
of  Christ. 

He  was  a  man  of  strong  sense,  of  very  considerable  scholarship,  well  read 
in  theology,,  and,  so  long  as  he  was  able,  preached  with  clearness  and 
power  the  doctrines  of  grace.  Exceedingly  happy  in  his  family,  and  fond 
of  his  books,  he  had  little  or  no  taste  for  courting  a  vagrant  notoriety 
abroad.  For  this  reason  he  never  took  any  active  part  in  our  ecclesiastical 
councils,  never  played  the  partisan  in  disputes  in  Church  matters — his  life 
flowing  quietly  and  serenely  on. 

And  yet  no  man  in  the  Church  was  more  liberally  endowed  with  pre- 
cisely those  gifts  and  attainments  which  fit  their  possessor  for  honorable 
service  in  public  bodies.  His  fine  presence  and  ready  powers  of  debate 
occasionally  displayed,  quick  and  keen  perceptions,  united  with  independ- 
ence of  judgment  and  great  depths  of  emotion,  might  have  secured  him, 
had  his  wishes  been  in  that  direction,  no  little  prominence  and  influence 
in  the  conduct  of  Church  affairs.  But  he  sought  no  honors,  titles,  or 
praises.  He  was  content  to  be  a  simple  preacher  and  pastor.  Always  cour- 
teous and  high-toned  in  his  manner,  he  was  indeed  a  beautiful  exemplifica- 
tion of  the  best  style  of  the  Christian  gentleman.— See  "McClintock's  Cyc." 
and  "Ch.  Int.,"  June  23,  1864. 


554  THE    MINISTRY. 

Kittredge,  Abbott  Eliot,  b.  Roxbury,  Mass.,  July  20,  1834;  Wms.  Coll. 
54,  And.  Sem.  59.  lie.  by  Congregationalists;  (Charlestown,  Mass., 
(Winthrop  Cong.  Ch.)  59-64,  New  York,  nth  Presbyt.,  65-70,  Chicago, 
3d,  Presb.  70-86.)  Madison  Ave.,  N.Y.C.,  1886 

Klein,  Carl  T.  A.,  Hoboken,  (Ger.)  1881-2,  S.S.  Bayonne  (Ger.)  82-5, 
Prof.  Pleasant  Prairie  College,  1886-7,  w.  c. 

Ki.ooster,  Foppe,  b.  Donkerbroek,  Netherlands,  May  7,  i860;  H.C.  88,  W.S. 
91,  1.  CI.  Holland;  Galesburg,  la.,  1892 

Klyn,  H.  G.,  b.  Nov.  19,  1793;  Graafschap,  1851-2,  Milwaukee  and  Frank- 
lin, 52-3,  Milwaukee,  53-4,  Grand  Rapids,  2d,  54-7,  Kalamazoo,  57-62, 
Chicago,  1st,  63-8,  emeritus.    Died  Dec.  1.  1883,  aged  90  years. 
He  was  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  Secession  in  the  West  in  1857. 

Knevels, ,  St.  John's,  W.I.,  18..  —  ..     See  "Mag.  R.D.C."  iii.  27.— 

Knox's  "St.  Thomas,  etc.,  W.I." 

Knieskern,  Jos.,  b.  Berne,  N.Y.,  Ap.   10,   1810;  R.C.  38,  N.B.S.  41,  1.  CI. 
Schoharie;  Berne,  2d,  and  Knox,  41-5,  St.  Johnsville,  45-72,  also  sup- 
plying Manheim  and  Indian  Castle;  w.  c.    S.S.  Presbyt.  Ch.  in  Virgil, 
N.Y.    Died  Sept.  7,  1895. 
After  twenty-seven  years  of  service  at  St.  Johnsville,  a  cold,  caught  at  a 

funeral,  resulted  in  permanent  injury  to  his  voice,  which  prevented  him 

from  holding  a  permanent  charge.     He  was  not  happy  until  he  had  paid 

back  all  the  aid  received  from  the  Board  of  Education.     He  was  faithful 

and  earnest  in  the  discharge  of  all  his  duties.     "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1896, 

488. — "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C."  1806,  n. 

Knight,  Richard  Waller,  b.  in  England  1794;  c.  to  America  1820,  1.  by  Con- 
gregationalists: Clove,  35-8,  Roxbury,  38-41,  Sand  Beach,  41-4,  Cato 
and  Lysander,  45-8,  Cato  and  Wolcott,  48-52,  emeritus,  d.  Feb.  9,  1873. 

Knight,  Wm.     S.S.  Moresville,  1841-2,  Spottswood,  1846-7. 

Knowlton,  Alb.  W.  N.B.S.  1859,  1.  CI.  Kingston;  N.  and  S.  Hampton, 
1860-4.     (Presbyt). 

Knouse,  Chas.  Ger.  Ref.,  N.Y.C..  1823-7,  Manhattan  Ch.,  N.Y.C.,  29-33, 
d.  1862. 

Knox,  Chs.  Eugene,  b.  Knoxboro,  N.Y.,  1833;  Ham.  Coll.  56,  U.S.  59;  tut. 
Hamilton  Coll.  59-60,  pastor  elect,  Utica,  N.Y.,  60-2,  Oswego,  N.Y., 
62-3,  Morristown,  63-4,  Bloomfield.  N.J.,  64-73.  Pres.  Ger.  Theolog. 
School,  Bloomfield,  N.J.,  1873 D.D.  by  C.N.J.  1874. 

Publications  :     "A   Year  with   St.    Paul,"    1863. — A   Series  of  Graded 
S.S.  Text-books,  64-70. — "Love  to  the  End,"  1866. — "David  the  King,"  1874. 

Knox,  Jas.  Hall  Mason,  (son  of  Rev.  John  Knox,)  b.  N.Y.C.  June  10,  1824; 
C.C.  41,  N.B.S.  45,  1.  CI.  N.Y. ;  ord.  by  Presb.  Newton,  46  (German 
Valley,  N.J.,  46-51),  Easton,  Pa.,  51-3,  Germantown,  Philadelphia.  53- 
69,  Bristol,  Pa.,  73-83,  Pres.  Lafayette  Coll.  83-90.  emeritus.  Living  at 
Baltimore. 

Knox,  John.  b.  near  Gettysburgh,  1790:  Dick.  Col.  1811,  studied  under 
Mason,  lie.  by  Assoc.  Ref.  Pres.  Philadelphia,  1815;  New  York,  1816- 
58,  d.    Elected  a  trustee  of  R.C.  1825.    D.D. 


THE    MINISTRY.  555 

He  was  descended  from  a  chain  of  pious  ancestry — Scotch  Presbyterians 
in  their  relations.  From  childhood,  he  evinced  great  conscientiousness, 
tenderness,  and  affection,  and  a  strict  regard  to  every  duty  assigned  him. 
In  college  he  was  regarded  by  all  with  respect  and  affection,  and  the  asso- 
ciations then  formed,  whether  with  professors  or  students,  were  only  ter- 
minated by  death.  In  the  Associate  Reformed  Seminary,  among  his  fellow 
students,  there  arose  an  attachment  which  bound  them  as  with  clasps  of 
steel,  and  which  became  stronger  with  time.  In  1816,  he  and  his  classmate. 
Paschal  N.  Strong,  were  called  and  settled,  at  the  same  time,  over  the 
church  of  New  York,  and  both  continued  in  that  single  charge  till  death. 
For  twenty-five  years  Dr.  Knox  was  the  senior  pastor  in  the  Collegiate 
Church.  His  character  presented  a  beautiful  harmony  and  symmetry. 
There  was  no  peculiar  prominence  in  any  trait,  so  as  to  obscure  and  de- 
press others.  He  was  the  model  of  a  Christian  gentleman.  No  hurried 
impulses  or  warping  prejudices,  no  sharp  dogmatism,  no  selfish  indifference, 
prevented  him  from  exhibiting,  at  all  times  and  on  all  occasions,  the  calm, 
equable,  humble,  and  dignified  temper  of  a  man  who  respects  himself 
enough  to  respect  others.  Kind  without  an  air  of  condescension,  truthful 
without  an  ostentation  of  frankness,  warm-hearted  without  credulity, 
scrupulously  honorable,  and  punctiliously  exact  in  the  use  of  words  and 
in  the  performance  of  his  promises,  he  won  the  friendship  of  those  who 
knew  him,  and  kept  that  friendship  until  the  last. 

As  a  preacher  he  lacked  what  is  commonly  styled  eloquence  in  delivery, 
but  his  manner  had  the  best  element  of  eloquence — persuasiveness.  Never 
boisterous,  never  resorting  to  tricks  of  art,  or  follies  of  pantomime,  he  pre- 
sented the  truth  in  a  clear,  bold,  convincing,  and  winning  form,  so  that  his 
success  in  the  high  purpose  of  a  Christian  minister  was  far  greater  than 
that  of  more  showy  and  fussy  men.  The  matter  of  his  sermons  was  always 
evangelical,  and  this  was  the  chief  secret  of  his  long  continuance  in  one 
charge,  and  of  his  undiminished  influence  throughout  his  pastorate.  He 
was  a  man  of  disciplined,  earnest,  and  uniform  piety,  not  swayed  by  fitful 
impulses,  and  fluctuating  in  its  nature,  but  it  was  a  vital  element  in  which 
he  lived  and  moved.  It  breathed  in  his  spirit,  it  spoke  in  his  words,  and 
acted  in  his  life.  Conscientiousness,  simplicity,  and  integrity  marked  his 
character.  He  noted  times  and  circumstances,  in  order  to  regulate  his 
judgment  and  course  of  conduct,  but  guile  was  never  found  in  his  heart 
or  on  his  lips.  His  judgment  was  sound,  carefully  trained,  and  of  great 
practical  wisdom.  He  was  not  a  theorizer.  He  was  much  resorted  to  as  a 
wise  counselor  in  matters  of  difficulty  and  in  cases  of  conscience.  In  his 
principles  of  faith  and  duty,  he  was  fixed  and  unwavering.  Of  a  prayerful 
spirit,  no  temptation  could  swerve  him  from  the  faith,  or  from  the  path  of 
uprightness.  His  courtesy,  kindness,  and  urbanity  were  also  great.  He 
was  social  in  his  spirit  and  in  his  habits.  He  could  mix  in  the  highest 
ranks  of  society  without  embarrassment,  while  no  one  knew  better  how  to 
condescend  to  men  of  low  estate.  Tenderness  of  feeling  appeared  to  those 
intimate  with  him  as  a  striking  feature.  He  was  a  true  son  of  consolation. 
In  all  his  multiplied  and  various  dtities  he  was  systematic  and  industrious, 
and  a  catholic  spirit  crowned  his  character.     For  more  than  forty  years  he 


_55^>  THE    MINISTRY. 

dwelt  by  the  side  of  his  ministerial  brethren  of  other  denominations  in  un- 
interrupted mutual  respect  and  friendship.  In  his  preaching,  he  was  sound 
in  sentiment,  lucid  in  discussion,  bearing  the  subject  practically  home  to 
the  consciences  and  hearts  of  his  hearers.  His  preparation  for  the  pulpit 
was  careful.  His  manner  was  serious  and  bore  the  conviction  of  his  cordial 
sincerity.  Every  reflecting  mind  and  upright  heart  could  not  fail  to  be 
profited  by  his  ministrations.  As  a  pastor  he  was  eminently  attentive  and 
useful.  Few  have  surpassed  him  in  this  respect.  His  visits  to  the  chamber 
of  sickness  and  in  seasons  of  affliction  were  ever  most  grateful  and  highly 
prized.  He  occupied  many  prominent  places  of  trust  in  the  religious  and 
educational  instftutions  of  the  day,  spending  much  time  and  performing 
much  labor  in  their  behalf.  There  was  a  tendency  to  pulmonary  disease, 
yet  voyages  and  care  preserved  his  health,  and  during  his  last  years  he  was 
unusually  robust  and  vigorous.  Having  been  engaged  in  pastoral  visitation 
on  a  certain  day,  he  returned  home  and  passing  on  the  back  piazza,  by 
some  misstep  he  lost  his  balance,  and  fell  on  the  pavement  below,  fracturing 
his  skull.  After  lingering  a  few  days  in  an  unconscious  state,  he  died. 
His  was  the  greatness  of  goodness. 

"I  would  express  him,  simple,  grave,  sincere, 
In  doctrine  uncorrupt ;  in  language  plain. 
And  plain  in  manner ;  decent,  solemn,  chaste, 
And  natural  in  gesture ;  much  impressed 
Himself,  as  conscious  of  his  awful  charge, 
And  anxious  mainly  that  the  flocks   lie  feeds 
May  feel  it  too ;  affectionate  in  look, 
And  tender  in  address,  as  well  became 
A  messenger  of  grace  to  guilty  man." 

See  "Memorial  with  Sermons  by  Drs.  Chambers,  Rogers,  Vermilye  and 
De  Witt,  and  addresses  by  Drs.  Hutton  and  Van  Vrankcn  "  "McClintock's 
Cyc."    also  "Collegiate  Ch.  Year  Book,"  1894,  121. 

Publications:  "The  Duty  and  Necessity  of  Searching  the  Scriptures," 
delivered  at  the  inaug.  of  Dr.  John  De  Witt  as  Prof.  Bib.  Criticism  at  N.B. 
1823.  Reprinted  in  "Mag.  R.D.C."  i.  41. — 'Friendly  Hints  to  the  Young"- 
In  "Mag.  R.D.C."  Aug.,  1827.  Afterward  issued  as  Tract  201,  by  Am. 
Tract  Society. — "The  Inspired  Book":  A  lecture  in  the  Greenwich  Church 
(Amos  st..  N.Y.C.)  ;  in  "Ch.  Intell.,"  Feb.,  1832;  afterward  issued  as 
Tract  No.  323,  Am.  Tract  Soc. — "The  Death  of  the  Aged  Pious  a  Bless- 
ing, delivered  at  the  fun.  of  Dr.  G.  A.  Kuypers,  1833.— "Parental  Respon- 
sibility," 1824.— Letter  from  St.  Thomas,  W.I.,  1828,  "Mag.  R.D.C."  iii.  26. 
— "Parental  Responsibility  and  Solicitude,"  two  sermons,  1834. — "Comfort 
in  Sorrow,"  a  sermon  at  the  fun.  of  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  McElroy, 
igfa — "Preparation  for  Death,"  a  ser.  at  fun.  of  Col.  A.  R.  Thompson, 
U.S.  Army,  who  was  killed  in  battle  with  the  Indians  in  Florida,  1837. — 
Address  at  laying  of  corner-stone  of  the  Leake  and  Watts  Orphan  Asylum, 
1838.— "The  Church  Glorious" ;  delivered  at  the  dedication  of  the  Lafayette 
Place  Church,  1839;  with  an  appendix  containing  an  address  at  the  laying 


THE    MINISTRY.  557 

of  the  corner-stone,  1836. — "The  Good  and  Faithful  Servant" ;  delivered  at 
the  fun.  of  Rev.  Wm.  Cahoone,  1849. — Address  at  the  laying  of  corner- 
stone of  Twenty-ninth  st.  Ch.  185 1. — "The  Character  and  End  of  the  Per- 
fect and  Upright,"  delivered  at  the  fun.  of  John  Nelson,  M.D.,  1857. — Art. 
in  "Sprague's  Annals"  on  Rev.  Dr.  G.  A.  Kuypers. — Also  many  sermons 
and  addresses  in  the  papers.  He  was  also  the  author  of  several  largely 
circulated  tracts  of  Am.  Tract  Soc. 

Knox,  John  Calvin,  b.  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Nov.  7,  1856;  U.C.  90,  Aub.  Sem. 

and  U.S.  90-1,  ord.  by  CI.  Schenectady ;  Rotterdam,  2d,  1891 

Knox,  John  P.,  b.  July  28,  181 1,  R.C  30,  N.B.S.  37,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Nassau 

38-41,  Utica,  41-4,  St.  Thomas,  W.I.,  47-54,  (Presbyt.  Newtown,  L.I.) 

Died  June  2,  1882. 

Publications:      Hist,    of    R.D.C.    Nassau,    1841. — Hist,    of    Is.    of    St. 

Thomas,  with  notices  of  St.  Croix  and  St.  John's,  185 1. 

Knox,  Taber,  (grandson  of  Rev.  John  Knox),  b.  N.Y.C.  Oct.  29,  1863; 
C.C.  83,  U.S.  86,  1.  CI.  N.Y. ;  Tarrytown,  2d,  87-9,  Philadelphia,  4th, 
89-94,  Warwick,  1894 

Knox,  Wm.  White,  (son  of  John  P.  Knox),  b.  Utica,  N.Y. ;  P.U.  62,  P.S. 
66;  lie.  Presb.  Nassau;  (Woodhaven,  N.Y.,  67-9,  also  S.S.  Springfield, 
68-9,  Huntington,  N.Y.,  69-81,)  Bayonne,  N.J.,  1st,  81-93,  (New  Bruns- 
wick, 1st,  Presb.  1893 — — ) 

Kocherthal,  Joshua,  a  Lutheran  minister,  b.  1669;  c.  to  America,  1708; 
supplied  East  and  West  Camp,  N.Y.,  1708-9,  1710-19,  died. 

The  Reformed  and  Lutherans  worshipped  much  together  at  this  time. 
The  Quassaic  (Newburg)  colony  came  over  with  Kocherthal,  and  he  also 
preached  at  Newburg  frequently.  He  also  brought  over  a  bell  for  his  church, 
the  gift  of  Queen  Anne.  This  bell  was  loaned  to  the  Lutheran  Church  of 
New  York,  about  1713,  where  it  remained  for  twenty  years,  being  taken 
back  to  Newburg  in  1733.  He  and  many  of  his  co-religionists  had  fled  from 
the  Lower  Palatine  to  England  because  of  the  ravages  of  the  French  army. 
They  were  denizened  in  England  by  royal  order,  Aug.  25,  1708,  and  were 
sent  to  New  York,  at  the  expense  of  the  government,  with  Lord  Lovelace. 
In  1719,  the  land  was  apportioned  to  them  in  nine  parcels,  of  which  Kocher- 
thal's  wife  and  children  received  Lot  No.  5,  containing  about  250  acres. 
In  the  year  1709  he  visited  England  about  the  affairs  of  the  colony,  and  re- 
turned in  1710.  Other  Palatines  came  over  at  the  same  time,  and  settled 
at  East  and  West  Camp,  Livingston  Manor.  Another  company  arrived  in 
1722.  Many  new  documents  pertaining  to  these  settlements  will  be  pub- 
lished by  the  State,  in  connection  with  the  "Amsterdam  Correspondence," 
vols,  i  and  ii    of  which  will  soon  appear. 

Kocherthal's  wife  died  Dec.  6,  1713.  Their  daughter,  Louisa  Abigail, 
was  "nata  de  26ten  Febr.  Renata,  de  28ten  ditto,  1710."  His  last  record 
of  baptisms  is  May  14,  1719. 

The  epitaph  on  his  gravestone  at  West  Camp,  in  bad  German,  is  curious: 
"Know,  traveler,  beneath  this  stone  rests  beside  his  Sybilla  Charlotte,  a 
real  ('rechter')  traveler,  the  Joshua  of  the  High  Dutch  in  North  America. 
and  a  pure  Lutheran  preacher  of  the  same  on  the  East  and  West  sides  of 


558  THE    MINISTRY. 

the  Hudson  River.  His  first  arrival  was  with  Lord  Lovelace,  Jan.  I,  1707-8; 
his  second  with  Col.  Hunter,  June  14,  1710.  His  soul's  heavenward  jour- 
ney, on  St.  John's  day,  1719,  interrupted  ('unterbrach')  his  journey  to 
England.  Desirest  thou  to  know  more?  Then  inquire  in  Melanchthon's 
land,  who  was  Kocherthal,  who  Harschiaz.  who  Winschenback.  Berken- 
mayer,  S.  Heurtin,  L.  Brevoort,  MDCCXLII."  Transl.  by  Dr.  J.  B. 
Thompson.  See  "Col.  Hist."  v.  44,  52,  53,  62,  63,  214,  215.  Many  of  the 
Germans  of  that  section  afterward  fell  into  Dutch  Reformed  churches. 

Koechli,  Fred.,  1885-7,  w.  c,  Plainfield,  (Ger.)  87-93,  Somerville,  4th, 
(Ger.),  1893 

Koerlin,  Ernest  F.,  b.  Monch  Kappe,  Pomerania,  Germany ;  Ger.  Theolog. 
School,  Bloomfield,  N.J.,  93,  Th.  Sem.  of  same,  96,  lie.  Presb.  of  Eliza- 
beth ;  Davis  and  Delaware,  la.,  1897 

Kolyn,  Matthew,  b.  Franklin,  Wis.,  June  23,  1856;  H.C.  77,  N.B.S.  80, 
1.  CI.  Holland;  S.S.  of  Presbyt.  Ch.  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Mich.,  80-1, 
ord.  by  CI.  Geneva,  81 ;  Marion,  N.Y.,  81-6,  Spring  Lake,  Mich.,  86-8, 
Kalamazoo,  1st,  Mich.,  88-93,  Orange  City,  la.,  93-8,  Principal,  North- 
western Classical  Academy,  Orange  City,  la.,  98-1901,  Grand  Rapids, 
2d,  Mich.,  1901 

Kommers,  Tunis  John,  b.  Middleburg,  Zeeland,  in  the  Netherlands;  H.C. 
1881,  N.B.S.  1884,  1.  CI.  Grand  River;  Pompton,  1884-6,  Knox  Me- 
morial, N.Y.C.,  1886-8,  (Owray,  Colorado,  1889-9,  Presb.)  Linden,  N.J., 
1889-91,  Lafayette,  Jersey  City,  1891— — 

KooiKA,  Garret.    W.S.  1900.  Britton,  Mich.,  1900 

Koopman,  H.  R.,  Low  Prairie,  1865-8,  High  Prairie.  1870-7,  Paterson,  6th, 
1879-84,  d.  June  24. 

Koster,  Sipko  J.,  b.  Netherlands,  Ap.  25,  1867 ;  (The  School  of  Chr.  Refd. 
Ch.  89,  Th.  Sem.  Chr.  Refd.  Ch.  92,  ord.  by  Chr.  Refd.  Ch.  92 ;  Kellogs- 
ville,  Mich.,  92-3,  Kalamazoo,  93-6,  both  in  Ch.  Refd.  Ch.)  S.S.  Middle- 
burg, la.,  97-8.  pastor,  98-1900,  Hull,  la.,  1900 

Kots,  John  Wm.,  b.  Aalten,  Guelderland,  Netherlands,  Nov.  24,  1863 ;  H.C. 
96,  W.S.  99,  1.  CI.  Iowa;  Friesland,  Minn.,  1899 

Krausher,  F.  J..  Woodhaven,  Grace  Ch.,  1892-3. 

Kremer,  John,  ,  South  Holland,  111.,  1879-83,  Zeeland,  1883-92,  De- 
troit, 1892 

Kriekaard,  Adrian,  b.  at  Niewdorp,  Netherlands,  Oct.  18,  1839;  R.C.  63, 
N.B.S.  66,  1.  CI.  Holland;  Rochester,  66-8,  Kalamazoo,  68-76,  Grand 
Rapids,  3d,  1876 

Kriekaard,  Cornelius,  b.  Nieuwdorp,  Prov.  Zeeland,  Netherlands ;  H.C. 
1874,  N.B.S.  77,  1.  Q.  N.B.;  Albany,  (Holl.)  77-9.  Roseland,  111.,  79-84, 
Danforth,  111.,  84-8,  Lafayette,  Ind.,  88-02,  Hull,  la.,  93-6,  Clara  City, 
Minn.,  96-8,  Three  Oaks.  Mich..  1900 

Krom,  Asbury,  E.,  b.  Oxford,  O.,  Oct.  31,  1869;  Miami  Univ.  92;  U.T.S.  97, 
(S.S.  Westminster,  Houston,  Texas,  Presbyt.  1897,)  S.S.  Bergen  Point, 
^ D.D.  by  U.T.S.  1897. 

Krueger,  Chs.  H.  T..  b.  at  Stettin,  Pomerania,  Germany.  1850;  R.C.  1874; 


THE    MINISTRY.  559 

N.B.S.  1877,  lie.  S.  CI.  L.I.;  Newark,  East,  1877-80,  d.  Dec.  16.     See 

"Ch.  Int.,"  Dec.  23,  1880. 
Krueger,  Harm.  T.,  b.  Ap.  16,  1867,  at  Shannon,  111. ;  Ger.  Theolog.  Semi- 
nary at  Dubuque,  la.,  1893 ;  1.  by  Presbytery  of  Dubuque ;  Washington, 

la.,  1893-8,  d.    See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn."  1899,  561. 
Krum,  Josephus  D.    R.C.   1858,   N.B.S.  61;   Florida,  61-5,    (Seneca  Falls, 

Presbyt.  65-79). 
Kuiper,  Albert,  b.  Kalamazoo,  Mich.,  Tune  10.  1870 ;  H.C.  93,  N.B.S.  96, 

1.  CI.  Grand  River;  Unionville,  Westchester  Co.,  N.Y.,  1896 

Kuss,  . . . .,  Sandusky  City,  1855-6. 

Kuiper,  A.  C.    Ebenezer,  (Holland,  Mich.)  1867-77,  w.  c. 

Kuyper,  Cor.    H.C.  1898,  W.S.  1901. 

Kuypers,  Gerardus  Arense,  b.  1766,  in  Curagoa,   (son  of  War.  Kuypers;) 

studied  under  D.  Romeyn  and  H.  Meyer,  lie.  by  Synod  of  D.R.  Chs. 

1787;    Paramus   and   Saddle  River,    1788-9,   New  York,    1789-1833,    d. 

June  28.     Prof,  of  Hebrew,  1799-1804,  A.M.  by  C.NJ.  1810.     D.D   by 

Q.C.  1810. 

His  father  removed  to  this  country  when  Gerardus  was  but  two  years 
old.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  at  the  early  age  of  nineteen.  He  was  called 
from  Paramus,  to  preach  in  Dutch,  at  the  Garden  Street  Church,  and  he 
continued  to  officiate  in  that  language  till  1803.  He  was  a  modest,  retiring 
man,  never  seeking  popularity.  His  great  desire,  in  his  several  duties,  was 
to  please  his  Master.  He  was  a  man  of  the  greatest  uprightness  and  sin- 
cerity. In  his  character  there  was  a  beautiful  symmetry  and  harmony. 
Meekness  and  humility  were  his  prominent  traits.  The  jealousy  of  superior 
talent  and  reputation  was  a  sentiment  to  which  he  was  a  stranger.  He  was 
peculiarly  useful  and  happy  in  the  chamber  of  sickness,  being  a  "son  of 
consolation,"  rather  than  a  "son  of  thunder." 

His  pastoral  gifts  and  qualifications  were  excellent— social,  affable,  cour- 
teous, kind,  bringing  comfort  into  every  family  which  he  entered.  He  was 
a  man  of  sound  judgment,  and  of  taste;  of  mildness,  yet  of  firmness,  when 
principle  was  involved.  He  possessed  a  delicate  and  almost  unerring,  in- 
stinctive sense  of  propriety— a  man  of  peace  and  prudence,  to  a  proverb. 
He  was  generally  silent  as  a  member  of  the  Church  courts,  but  his  opinion 
when  given  was  always  judicious.  For  many  years  he  had  been  regarded 
by  his  coadjutors  as  a  living  chronicle  of  past  events,  and  his  decision  on 
usages  and  precedents  was  final.  He  was  not  superior  in  learning,  but  an 
excellent  divine  and  systematic  theologian  of  the  Old  School.  He  was  also 
no  friend  to  innovations,  in  doctrine  or  usages,  and  hence  by  many  was 
considered  too  cautious  and  formal.  He  believed  that  all  true  religion  must 
be  based  on  knowledge,  and  hence  he  was  the  enemy  of  all  wild  enthusiasm, 
but  he  prized  highly  Christian  experience.  He  considered  true  piety  to 
consist  of  communion  of  the  soul  with  God.  In  early  life,  he  had  been  a 
close  student,  and  read  extensively  and  with  profit.  But  the  Bible  was  his 
great  book  of  study,  and  no  one  was  more  familiar  with  its  contents.  His 
was  the  ornament  of  a  meek  and  quiet  spirit,  as  he  held  on  the  even  tenor 
of  a  blameless  and  consistent  life.— See  Addresses  at  his  Fun.  by  Drs.  Brod- 


560  THE    MINISTRY. 

head  and  Knox.  "Sprague's  Annals."  "Gunn's  Livingston,"  ed.  1856, 
385.  "McClintock's  Cyc,"  "Ch.  Int.,"  July,  1833.  "Collegiate  Ch.  Year 
Book,"  1889.  79. 

Kuypers,  Warmoldus,  b.  in  Holland,  1732,  studied  at  University  of  Gronin- 
gen,  (in  company  with  Westerlo.  Rysdyck,  and  H.  Meyer,)  Curagoa, 
(17.. — 68.)  Rhinebeck  Flats,  and  S.S.  at  Upper  Red  Hook  and  the 
Landing,  1769-71,  Hackensack,  (2d),  and  Schraalenburgh,  (2d),  1771- 
97,  d. 
Air.  Kuypers  was  settled  over  that  part  of  the  church  at  Hackensack 
which  had  belonged  to  the  Conferentie  party.  They  remained  unrepresented 
in  Classis,  after  the  articles  of  union  between  the  parties,  for  fifteen  years. 
He  was  a  contemporary  for  three  years  with  Goetschius,  for  nine  years  with 
D.  Romeyn,  and  for  nine  with  Solomon  Froeligh.  The  controversies  of  the 
day  greatly  marred  the  usefulness  and  comfort  of  those  servants  of  God. 
Their  trials  were  neither  few  nor  small.  They  also  stood  aloof  from  the 
other  section  of  the  community  in  Hackensack,  because  of  a  certain  charter 
which  that  party  had  obtained,  covering,  it  is  supposed,  the  church  property, 
in  an  offensive  way.  (Froeligh,  Goetschius,  Curtenius.)  Yet  Mr. 
Kuypers  himself  seems  to  have  been  a  peaceful  and  quietly-disposed  man. 
He  was  in  his  old  age,  while  Mr.  Froeligh  was  in  his  prime,  which  was 
greatly  to  the  disadvantage  of  his  people.  He  had  been  separated  from  his 
people  for  five  days,  with  an  ample  provision  on  their  part  to  pay  him  an 
annuity  for  life,  when  he  died.  Says  one  concerning  him,  "As  long  as  I 
have  known  him,  has  he  given  conspicuous  example  for  imitation,  without 
being  interrupted  by  a  single  transaction  over  which  it  is  necessary  to  cast 
a  veil.  In  short,  this  is  the  portrait  of  the  man  I  love  and  esteem.  Grace 
without  austerity — friendly  without  dissimulation,  and  religious  without 
hypocrisy.  This  can  not  be  deemed  flattery,  for  my  soul  abhors  it.  Fre- 
quently has  he  regretted  the  state  of  the  church,  and  trusted  that  Provi- 
dence would  still  the  waves  of  contention,  and  say,  'Hitherto  shalt  thou 
come  and  no  further.'  I  have  more  than  once  desired  him  to  meet  with  the 
Consistory  during  the  dispute,  and  his  general  answer  was,  'Trouble  I  hate. 
I  have  great  cause  to  be  thankful  to  Providence  for  the  number  of  years  of 
my  life  already  past;  but  my  glass  is  nearly  run,  and  the  bright  prospect  of 
a  blessed  hereafter  fast  opening  to  my  view.  The  concerns  of  the  tem- 
poralities of  the  church  I  wish  to  leave  to  others  !'  " — John  Van  Buren. 
M.D. 

Kuypers,  William  Provost,  (s.  of  Warmoldus  Kuypers,)  b.  at  Hackensack, 
1773;  studied  under  Livingston,  lie.  by  Synod  of  D.R.  Chs.  1792;  Miss, 
on   Delaware,   1792-3,   Paranuis   and   Saddle   River.    1793-6,  susp.   1797, 
deposed,   1797,  restored,  1798.     Boonton,  1801-5,   (Hempstead,  Presbyt. 
1805-13),  Miss,  in  Southwest,  especially  in  Texas,  and  Red  River  dis- 
trict, 1813-21,  w.  c,  d.   1851. 
Laboring  under  a  misconception,  he  accused  Rev.   Solomon  Froeligh  of 
defrauding  a  man  on  Long  Island  of  a  watch,  which  was  explained  by  his 
hasty  flight  when  the  British  entered  the  Island  allowing  no  opportunity 
for  him  to  pay  for  it.     This  circumstance  led  to  language  in  a  Classical 
meeting  in   1796  which  resulted  in  discipline,      Mr    K,  with  the  spirit  of  a 


THE    MINISTRY.  561 

Christian,  subsequently  acknowledged  his  error,  and  was  fully  restored. 
Declining  health  compelled  him  to  abate  his  labors  on  Long  Island,  when 
he  undertook  a  useful  mission  to  the  Southwest.  His  ministry  was  varied, 
peaceful,  and  happy,  and  the  close  of  his  life  tranquil  and  blessed.  Devoid 
of  ambition,  he  lived  to  do  good  in  his  generation.  Though  an  octogena- 
rian, his  mental  vigor,  sight,  and  hearing  remained  unimpaired  to  the  last. 
His  sickness  was  short,  serene,  and  peaceful,  cheered  by  a  steadfast  faith, 
and  illuminated  by  a  glorious  hope.  By  them  who  knew  him  best  was  he 
esteemed  the  most. 

Kuypers,  Zechariah  H.,  (s.  of  Warmoldus  Kuypers,)  b.  at  Rhinebeck,  1771  ; 
studied  under  Livingston,  1.  CI.  of  Hackensack,  1793;  Jamaica,  New- 
town, Success,  Oyster  Bay,  1794-1802,  Jamaica,  Success,  Oyster  Bay, 
1802-18,  Success,  Oyster  Bay,  and  Lakeville,  1818-24,  Ponds,  Wyckoff, 
and    Preakness,    1825-42,   w.    c.    1842-8,   emeritus,    d.    1850,    Oct. — See 
"Prime's  L.I.,"  295. 
In  his  extended  field  on  Long  Island,  living  at  Jamaica,  he  set  out  from 
home  with  his  sulky  on  Friday  or  Saturday,  returning  on  Monday  or  Tues- 
day.   He  availed  himself  of  the  hospitality  of  his  people,  and  made  pastoral 
visits.    He  was  fond  of  his  pipe,  and  told  long  stories,  which  were  eagerly 
listened  to  by  the  children.     He  was  of  a  mild  temper,  unsuspicious,  and 
lacked  worldly  wisdom.     In  the  pulpit  he  gave  very  good  sermons   from 
memory,  but  his  mind,  absorbed  in  recalling  the  words,  was  not  enough  at 
leisure  to  give  emphasis  to  them  also,  so  that  his  delivery  became  monoto- 
nous and  mechanical.     In  politics  he  was  a  Federalist. — H.  Onderdonk. 

Kyle,  Henry  Zophar,  b.  Coytesville,  N.J.,  June  15,   [870;  U.S.  96;  entered 

CI.  N.Y.,  1898.     Candidate. 
Kyle,  Joshua  R.,  b.  at  Cedarville,  Greene  Co.,  Ohio,  Aug.  2,  1834;  Miami 

Univer.  59,  United  Presb.  Sem.  Xenia,  O.,  63,  lie.  by  United  Presb. 

Church,  Xenia,  1863;   (United  Presb.  Ch.  Fall  River,  Mass.,  1867-75, 

U.P.   Pittsburgh,   Pa.,   76-79;)    Port  Jackson,  81-8,   Cranesville,  88-9, 

Amsterdam,  1st,  1889 

Kyle,  Thomas,  Salt  River.  Kentucky.  1804-16,  became  a  Methodist. 

Labagh,  Ab.  I.,  b.  Aug.  4,  1805;  N.B.S.  26.  I.  CI.  N.Y. ;  Evangelist  at  Rhine- 
beck,  26-7,  St.  Thomas,  W.I.,  27-42,  Gravesend,  42-59,  w.  c.  1865,  d. 
Labagh,  Isaac,  b.  1764;  studied  theol.  under  Livingston,  lie.  by  the  Synod 
of  D.R.  Chs.  1788;  Kinderhook,  1789-1801,  Canajoharie,  Stone  Arabia, 
and  Sharon,  1801-3,  New  Rhinebeck,  and  Sharon,  1803-11,  Greenbush 
and  Wynant's  Kill,  1811-15,  Ger.  Ch.,  N.Y.C,  1815-22,  New  Rhinebeck. 
1823-7,  Miss,  to  Utica,  1827-37,  d.  July  24. 
Labagh,  Isaac  P.,  b.  Aug.  14,  1804:  (s.  of  Peter  Labagh;)  N.B.S.  26,  1.  CI. 
Philadelphia;    Waterford,    27-30,    supplied    Orchard    st.,    N.Y.,    31-2, 
Gravesend,  32-42,  w.  c.  42-5,  suspended  for  heresies  concerning  Second 
Advent  and  the  Christian  Sabbath.    Episcopalian.    Died  Dec.  29,  1869. 
Publications  :    Review  of  Dr.  McClelland  on  Bib.  Interp.    1842. — A  Ser. 
on  Personal  Reign  of  Christ.    1846. — Twelve  Lects.  on  "Great  Events  of 
Unfulfilled  Prophecy."  1859. — "Theoklesia,  or  the  Organization,  Perpetuity, 
Conflicts  and  Triumphs  of  the  One  Holy   Cath.  Apost.  Ch."    1868. 


562  THE    MINISTRY. 

Labagh,  Peter,  6.  in  New  York,  1773 ;  studied  under  Froeligh  and  Living- 
ston, 1.  CI.  Hackensack,  1796;  Miss,  to  Salt  River,  Kentucky,  1796-7, 
Catskill  and  Oakhill,  1798-1809,  Harlingen  and  Ne-Shanic,  1809-21, 
Harlingen,  21-44,  w.  c.  1844-58,  d.  Elected  a  trustee  of  Q.C.  181 1.  D.D. 
Iiy  Q.C.  1811. 

His  ancestors  mingled  the  pious  blood  of  France  and  Holland.  Early  in 
life  he  removed  to  Hackensack,  and  united  with  the  church  of  Dr.  Froeligh. 
He  undertook  the  tedious  journey  of  nine  hundred  miles  on  horseback,  to 
respond  to  the  call  for  gospel  service  in  Kentucky.  He  there  organized 
the  church  of  Salt  River,  in  Mercer  County.  At  Harlingen,  in  1831,  he 
was  blessed  with  a  powerful  revival. 

He  was  a  man  of  much  more  than  ordinary  powers  of  mind.  He  was  re- 
markably rapid  in  apprehension,  sound  in  his  judgment,  and  correct  and 
delicate  in  his  taste;  his  faculties  were  well  balanced,  and  he  had  a  large 
measure  of  what  is  ordinarily  called  common  sense.  Without  anything  in 
appearance,  manner,  or  voice  to  recommend  him,  he  was  nevertheless  a  very 
profitable  preacher,  especially  when  he  prepared  his  discourses  with  some 
care.  He  was  an  earnest  speaker,  and  had  much  of  the  practical  and  experi- 
mental in  his  discourses,  while,  at  the  same  time,  his  doctrinal  statements 
were  sound  and  scriptural.  He  was  very  much  at  home  in  deliberative 
ecclesiastical  assemblies,  large  and  small,  and  exercised  great  influence  in 
them.  He  was  very  much  attached  to  his  own  denomination,  while  he  felt 
a  deep  interest  in  the  welfare  of  every  part  of  the  Church  of  Jesus  Christ. 
He  was  eminently  social  and  genial  in  his  disposition  and  habits,  far  beyond 
what  his  expression  and  manner  would  seem  lo  indicate.  He  had  a  power 
of  sarcasm  and  satire  about  him  that  was  rather  formidable,  and  a  talent 
for  retort  and  repartee  which  it  was  not  easy  to  cope  with.  He  was  widely 
known  in  our  Church,  and  was  greatly  instrumental  in  promoting  her  inter- 
ests. He  had  a  large  share  in  the  confidence  of  his  brethren  in  the  minis- 
try. He  might  have  made  much  more  of  himself  than  he  did,  considering 
his  natural  powers  and  advantages,  yet  he  was  a  very  valuable  and  useful 
man,  and  his  memory  will  always  be  cherished. — Rev.  Dr.  G.  Ludlow. 

Dr  Bethune  writes  concerning  him : 

"Of  Father  Labagh's  early  or  even  riper  years,  I  know  little,  and  that 
little  only  by  hearsay — the  grateful  unanimous  testimony  of  all  who  had 
the  privilege  of  association  with  him,  to  his  devotional  spirit,  fidelity, 
sagacity,  and  consistent  virtues  as  a  man,  a  Christian,  and  a  minister. 

"I  call  him  Father  Labagh,  for  by  that  affectionate  name  all  the  members 
of  our  Classis,  much  younger  than  he,  were  accustomed  to  greet  and  address 
him.  He  was  our  father,  to  whom  we  gladly  yielded  the  place  of  superior 
authority,  whose  counsel  was  at  once  sought,  and  very  seldom,  if  ever,  over- 
borne, in  every  question  of  disputed  doctrine,  method  of  business,  or  eccle- 
siastical policy.  His  prayers,  occasional  exhortations,  and  informal  talks 
had  for  us  the  unction  and  pleasant  authority  of  the  aged  disciple  among 
his  little  children.  He  resembled,  in  our  minds,  the  apostle  of  love,  not 
only  in  the  kindness  of  his  speech,  but  also  in  the  searching  casuistry  which 
he  had  acquired  from  a  long  experience  of  a  Christian  and  ministerial  life. 
Never  arrogant  or  severe,  but  ever  direct  and  faithful ;  never  assuming,  but 


sC4/Q-^-^~0 


V(SfcL- 


c^6 


THE   MINISTRY.  563 

ever  thankful  for  our  ready  deference,  he  could  not  avoid  being  conscious 
of  the  rank  we  assigned  in  our  fellowship,  yet  he  ever  treated  the  youngest 
and  meekest  of  us  with  the  respect  and  sympathy  of  true  Christian  friend- 
ship. 

"It  was  this  character  that  drew  me  to  him,  with  a  love  and  veneration 
which  increased  with  every  opportunity  I  had  of  enjoying  his  society. 
Perhaps  this  very  manifest  regard  for  him  inclined  him  to  think  kindly  of 
me ;  for  he  always  treated  me  so  as  to  make  the  hours  I  passed  in  his  com- 
pany very  pleasant  and  profitable  then,  and  the  recollection  of  them  will 
be  cherished  while  my  memory  lasts. 

"He  had  a  keen  sense  of  the  ludicrous,  and  often  showed  it  in  pointed, 
epigrammatic  sayings,  and  even  in  sarcasm,  the  sharpness  of  which  was 
relieved  by  his  good  humor.  He  never  shrank  from  the  duty  of  rebuke, 
which  none  who  received  it  had  a  right  to  be  otherwise  than  thankful  for. 
He  read  characters  with  instinctive  skill,  and  was  shrewd  enough  to  avail 
himself  of  every  advantage  in  an  honorable  strife ;  nor  was  he  disingenuous 
enough  to  conceal  his  pleasure  in  a  plain  victory. 

"The  special  grace  of  his  disposition  was  its  unfading  youthfulness. 
Wherever  he  grew  old,  it  was  not  in  his  heart.  The  generosity  which 
moved  him  to  forget  himself  or  his  personal  power  in  the  advancement  of 
the  Church  was  not  lessened  but  increased  by  age.  He  was  always  on  the 
side  of  true  progress,  never  fearful  of  enterprise  or  enlargement;  but  on  the 
contrary  ready,  even  eager,  to  give  his  aid  and  advocacy  to  whatever  prom- 
ised increase  of  usefulness.  He  grew  neither  dull,  morose,  nor  pragmatical, 
but  was  cheerful  as  morning,  loving  the  sunshine  rather  than  the  shade, 
and  sympathetic  with  the  happiness  of  others,  fully  appreciating  the  wisdom 
of  the  inspired  maxim,  that  'a  merry  heart  doeth  good  like  a  medicine.' 
Frugal,  temperate,  and  self-regulated,  he  was  as  free  from  asceticism  as  he 
was  from  world-worship.  Young  people  never  felt  his  presence  an  unwel- 
come restraint,  and  conversation  was  enlivened  by  his  sprightly  reminis- 
cences and  witty  pleasantries." — See  "Todd's  Memoir"  of  him.  Fun.  Ser. 
by  Rev.  Dr.  G.  Ludlow.  Letters  on  death  of,  by  Drs.  Van  Vechten,  Will- 
iamson, Bethune,  in  Memoir.     "McClintock's  Cyc." 

Publications  :  Extracts  from  his  Inaugural  at  Harlingen,  1809,  Charge 
to  Heermance,  1832,  and  Ser.  on  Death  of  Rev.  W.  R.  Smith,  are  given  in 
Memoir. 

Labaw,  George  Warne,  b.   Feb.   29,   1848,  near   Clinton,   N  J. ;   R.C.  69, 
N.B.S.  73,  I.  CI.  Philadelphia;  Northumberland  and  Fort  Miller,  73-4, 

Blue  Mountain,  74-82,  Colt's  Neck,  82-9,  Preakness,  1889 

Publications  :  Historical  Discourse  at  Centennial  of  Preakness,  N.J., 
1901 ;  1902. 

Laborei,  Jacques,  b.  Cardaillac,  in  the  Department  du  Lot,  France,  16. . ; 
•  studied  theology  at  Geneva,  Switzerland,  graduating  March  12,  1688; 
ord.  at  Zurich,  Oct.  30,  1688;  went  to  England.  Licensed  by  the  Bishop 
of  London  to  teach  Grammar,  and  to  catechize  in  the  parish  of  Stepney; 
preaching  in  the  French  Chs.  of  London,  1688-98 ;  c.  to  America ;  New 
Oxford,  Mass.,  1699-1704,  also  teaching  the  Indians,   whose  language 


564  THE    MINISTRY. 

he  learned.  French  Ch.  of  New  York,  Oct.  15,  1704-6,  Aug.  25.  (His 
call  dated  Sept.  10,  1704).  Became  Episcopalian,  1706.  Practised 
medicine  and  surgery.  In  1716,  settled  in  Fairfield  Co.,  Connecticut,  as 
a  physician,  occasionally  assisting  in  Episcopal  services.  Died  about 
1734—  "Doc.  Hist.,  N.Y.,"  iii.  250,  427-433,  478.  "Col.  Hist.  N.Y."  iv. 
684,  755;  v.  63.  "Baird's  Huguenots,"  ii.  145-6. — Collections  of  Hu- 
guenot Soc.  xxv.-xvii. 

Laes,  Henry,  a  minister  at  Fort  Altona,  on  the  Delaware,  was  disgraced  and 
fined  for  mal-conduct,  Ap.  10,  1660. — "Mag.  R.D.C."  iii.  54. 

Laidlaw,  Walter,  b.  Norval,  Ontario,  Mar.  7,  1861 ;  Univer.  Toronto,  81, 
P.S.  84,  ord.  Prcsbyt.  Albany,  (West  Troy  (Germain  Mem.)  86-92; 
Pres.  Fairhaven,  Wash.,  92-3,)  assistant  pastor,  Collegiate  Ch.  N.Y.C., 
1893 

Laidlie,  Archibald,  b.  at  Kelso,  Scotland,  Dec.  4,  1727;  University  of  Edin- 
burgh; (Flushing,*  Holland,  1759-63,)  New  York,  1763-79,  d.  S.T.D. 
by  C.N. J.,  1770. 

He  kept  a  diary  of  his  life,  giving  us  his  spiritual  experiences.  He  cared 
not  for  outward  appearances,  for  the  display  of  much  knowledge,  for  polem- 
ics, or  for  the  polish  of  style  and  diction,  but  he  was  anxious  to  have  his 
heart  thoroughly  imbued  with  the  saving  influences  of  the  gospel.  He 
looked  upon  doctrines  chiefly  in  reference  to  their  heavenly  and  purifying 
efficacy.    Theory  was  nothing  without  practice.    Hence  he  sought  to  make 

•As  early  as  1586  the  Scotch  established  a  church  at  Flushing,  and  now  for 
nearly  three  hundred  years  have  they  maintained  their  own  form  of  worship 
in  the  English  language.  Scotch  churches,  using  the  English  language,  were 
also  established  at  Middleburgh,  1611,  at  Dort,  1622,  and  at  Rotterdam,  1643. 
The  English  Presbyterians  established  a  church  at  Amsterdam,  1607,  and  at 
Rotterdam,  1623.  The  Scotch  churches  of  Flushing  and  Middleburgh,  being 
only  four  miles  apart,  were  united  in  1815  by  royal  decree,  and  are  now  served 
by  one  minister.  The  English  Presbyterian  church  at  Rotterdam  was  for  a 
while  so  large  as  to  need  two  ministers.  The  English  Episcopalians  also  es- 
tablished English-speaking  churches  at  Amsterdam,  1698,  and  at  Rotterdam, 
1700.  These,  besides  having  funded  property,  receive  help  from  the  British 
government.  In  1816,  with  the  New  Regulations  then  adopted,  the  English  and 
Scotch  churches,  as  well  as  the  Walloon,  were  included  in  the  Dutch  Classes. 
Previously  to  this,  when  a  pastor  was  to  be  installed,  the  Classis  would  de- 
pute two  or  three  of  their  members  to  attend,  but  the  newcomer  was  always 
inducted  into  his  charge  by  a  countryman  of  his  own.  He  was  only  required 
to  bring  the  proper  testimonials.  If  he  came  as  a  licentiate,  he  was  some- 
times finally  examined  and  ordained  by  a  Dutch  Classis,  and  sometimes  he  re- 
turned to  Britain  for  ordination.  Until  1816,  for  more  than  two  centuries,  the 
validity  of  the  English  or  Scotch  Presbyterian  ordination  was  never  questioned 
in  Holland.  But  with  the  decline  of  piety  and  the  changes  of  1816,  foreign  or- 
dination began  to  be  questioned.  No  correspondence  was  permitted  with  for- 
eign churches  except  by  permission  of  the  King.  Ordained  ministers  from 
Great  Britain  were  strictly  examined  aealn, before  admission  to  a  Dutch  Classis. 
These  examinations  were  t<>  t»-  conducted  in  Latin  or  French,  but.  differ- 
ences of  pronunciation  compelled  them  to  permit  the  examinations  to  be 
made  in  English,  and  by  the  English  ministers.  The  Dutch  said,  "If  the  cere- 
mony of  ordination  performed  in  another  country  be  not  respected  in  England 
and  Scotland,  it  is  but  equitable  that  among  us  also  no  one  be  admitted,  until 
after  previous  examination,  to  the  ministry,  who  has  received  ordination  in  a 
foreign  land,  but  has  not  been  a  stated  pastor  in  any  congregation."  After  a 
few  years,  this  rule  fell  into  desuetude,  and  the  certificates  of  all  Presbyte- 
rian institutions  in  Great  Britain  were  honored. — Stevens'  Dutch  Ecc.  Estab- 
lishment.   1839. 


THE   MINISTRY.  565 

every  doctrine  tell  on  the  heart  of  his  audience,  by  coming  from  his  own 
heart  warmed  with  the  consciousness  of  the  loveliness  and  worth  of  the 
truth.  He  believed  that,  to  be  an  able  steward  of  the  gospel,  one  must 
have  sat  long  at  the  feet  of  Jesus,  and  have  drank  deep  of  his  spirit  and 
grace.  Hence  he  was  one  of  the  most  spiritual,  practical,  and  heart-search- 
ing preachers  of  his  day.  His  tastes  led  him  to  no  profound  discussions. 
His  amiability  kept  him  separate  from  polemics.  He  presented  the  pure 
doctrine  of  Christ  with  evidences,  brief  yet  clear,  noticing  extremes  and 
errors,  and  then  cautioning,  reproving,  advising,  and  comforting.  He  pos- 
sessed a  minute  and  extensive  knowledge  of  human  nature,  and  of  the 
Christian's  trials  and  joys,  and  he  brought  forth  from  his  treasury  things 
new  and  old.  He  was  unusually  successful  in  winning  souls.  A  great  re- 
vival attended  his  efforts.  His  manner  was  plain,  easy  and  affectionate. 
He  was  a  faithful  pastor.  He  was  humble  and  grave,  bold,  persevering, 
patient  of  injuries  and  reproaches,  indefatigable,  full  of  charity  and  cour- 
teous feeling.  On  the  back  of  a  characteristic  sermon,  on  Ps.  62 :  8,  dis- 
playing great  force  and  richness  of  Christian  experience,  a  warmth  of  pious 
feeling,  and  a  pathos  and  divine  unction  unusually  instructive  and  touch- 
ing, he  has  written,  in  his  own  hand,  "Preached  in  the  North  Church, 
Feb.  25,  1770.  N.B. — The  Lord  was  pleased  to  bless  this  to  many  of  God's 
people.  Thanks  to  His  divine  goodness !  He  leaves  us  not  without  a  wit- 
ness." He  was  the  first  regular  English  preacher  in  America  among  the 
Reformed  from  Holland. 

He  came  amid  much  opposition,  on  account  of  the  prejudice  of  many 
against  the  English  language.  Dr.  Livingston  frequently  adverted  to  the 
salutary  influence  which  the  ministry  of  Laidlie  exerted  not  only  in  his 
own  denomination,  but  in  the  cause  of  religion  in  the  city.  His  diary,  or 
parts  of  it,  will  be  found  in  "Mag.  R.D.C."  iii.  Domines  Ritzema  and  De 
Ronde,  with  several  laymen,  were  appointed  a  committee  to  procure  from 
Holland  a  minister  to  preach  in  English.  Their  letter  and  Dr.  Laidlie's 
reply  may  be  seen  in  "Ch.  Int."  Feb.  19  and  26,  1857.  De  Ronde  afterward, 
however,  sided  with  the  opponents  of  English  preaching,  in  the  lawsuit 
which  grew  out  of  it.  Dr.  Laidlie  died  of  consumption,  at  Red  Hook, 
while  in  exile  from  the  city  on  account  of  the  Revolution. — See  "Mag. 
R.D.C."  ii.  33-38,  161,  314,  iii.  5,  24,  70,  107,  299,  360.  "Gunn's  Livingston," 
1st  ed.  105,  106.  "Doc.  Hist."  iii.  309,  311.  "Sprague's  Annals."  "Mc- 
Clintock's  Cyc."  "Mints.  Ch.  N.Y."  "Amst.  Cor."  "Collegiate  Ch.  Year 
Book,"  1886,  p.  75. 

Publications  :  A  part  of  his  Introduct.  Ser.,  1764,  in  "Sprague's  An- 
nals," p.  41,  "Mag.  R.D.C."  ii.  161.  He  translated  the  Heidelberg  Catechism 
from  Latin  into  English,  for  use  in  R.D.C,  about  1770.  De  Ronde  had  in 
1763  made  an  English  version  also,  probably  from  the  Dutch.  See  "Cen- 
tennial Discs.,"  87,  88. 

Laing,  J.,  Argyle,  1832-3. 

Lamar,  John.  H.C.  1888,  W.S.  91,  Grand  Rapids,  7th,  91-3,  Grand  Rapids, 
10th,  93-8,  Rochester,  2d,  1898 


566 


THE    MINISTRY. 


Lammers,  Barend  William,  b.  Cedar  Grove,  Wis.,  June  24,  i860;  H.C.  86, 
N.B.S.  89,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Hull,  la.,  89-92,  Jamestown,  1st,  (Forest  Grove, 
Mich.,)  1892 

Lane,  Gilbert,  b.  at  Readington,  N.J.,  Nov.  29,  1828;  R.C.  51,  N.B.S.  54,  1. 
CI.  Philadelphia;  ord.  by  CI.  North  Carolina,  (G.R.C.,)  May,  56; 
(North  Carolina,  as  Miss,  of  Ger.  Ref.  Ch.  55-57,)  Gallupville  and 
Knox,  57-60,  (Schooley  Mountain  and  Mansfield,  2d;  Presbyt.  60-66)  ; 
nlso  Chaplain  in  army,  1864-65;  Florida,  66-73,  S.S.  Three  Bridges. 
N.J.,  1877-80,  Grahamville,  81-8,  Cuddebackville,  88-92,  Minisink,  93- 
1896,  died  Ap.  27.  See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn."  1896,  498.— "Biog.  Notices 
of  Grads.  R.C."    1896,  19. 

Lang.   John    Ebenezer,    b.    1839,   at    Schaffhausen,    Switzerland;   grad.    at 

Schaffhausen,  1859;  at  Basle,  Zurich,  and  Tubingen,  65 ;  lie.  by  CI , 

66;  ord.  Presb.  66;    (Wilkesbarre,  Pa.,  66-75,  Presbyt.)   N.Y.C.  Mel 
rose,  1875-91,  d.  Aug.  15.    "Mints.  Gen.  Syn."  1892. 

Lansing,  Ab.  G.,  (brother  of  Rev.  J.  A.  Lansing),  b.  1829;  U.C.  53;  Miss, 
of  Am.  Board,  among  the  Choctaws,  Indian  Territory,  54-8;  New 
Salem  and  Clarksville,  58-62,  Saratoga,  62-7,  Saratoga  and  Fort  Miller, 
67-8,  Miss,  at  Pella,  68-70,  Otley,  Iowa,  70-2,  Norris,  111.,  73-4,  Irving 
Park,  74-7,  New  Salem,  78-1885,  Blue  Mountain,  85-7,  d.  Sept.  8.  See 
"Mints.  Gen.  Syn."  1888,  678. 

Lansing,  Jacob  A.,  b.  at  Watervliet,  1797,  N.B.S.  1842,  1.  CI.  Schenectady; 
Wynantskill,  42-8,  w.  c.  1856,  d.     See  "Manual  of  1879." 

Lansing,  John  A.,  b.  at  Lisha's  Kill,  1824;  U.C.  42,  N.B.S.  45.  1.  CI.  Schen 
ectady;  S.S.  Day,  45-8,  Bethlehem,  2d,  48-60,  Catskill.  60-6,  Sec.  Bd. 
Publication,  66-75,  S.S.  Coxsackie,  2d,  77,  Chaplain  Am.  Union  Ch., 
Rome,  Italy,  78,  S.S.  Spring  Valley,  79.     Died  July  22,  1884.     D.D.  by 
U.C.  1861. 
Publication  :    "Ministerial  Support."    1854. 

Lansing,  John  Gulian,  (son  of  Rev.  Gulian  Lansing,)  b.  Damascus,  Syria, 
Nov.  27,  1851;  U.C.  75,  N.B.S  77,  1.  CI.  Montgomery;  Mohawk.  77-9, 
West  Troy,  79-84,  Prof.  Old  Testament  Langs,  and  Exegesis,  N.B.S. 

84-98,  engaged  in  Editorial  Work,  Denver,  Col.,  1898 See  Grand 

Rapids  "Daily  Democrat,"  July  11,  1884,  for  sketch. 

Publications:  Am.  Revised  Version  of  the  Psalms,  1885. — Manual  of 
Arabic  Grammar,  1888. — Sermon  on  President  Garfield,  1881. — Pre-Islamic 
Literature. — Outlines  of  Special  Introduction  to  the  Books  of  the  Old 
Testament,  1897 

(His  father,  Rev.  Dr.  Julian  Lansing,  was  a  missionary  at  Damascus,  but 
was  transferred  to  Egypt  in  1857.  See  "Miss  Rev.  V.,"  894.  He  published 
"Egypt's  Princes,  a  Narrative  of  Missionary  Labor";  N.Y.  1865.) 

Lansing,  John  V.  S. ,  Ham.  C.  1820,  P.S.  1824,  lie.  by  seceders;  Wyants' 
and  Pooster's  Kill,  1824-6,  Tappan  and  Clarkstown,  1826,  w.  c.  1826-9, 
Associate  Ref.,  Bloomingdale  and  White  Lake,  1829-32,  d. 

Publications  :  Address  to  Friends  of  Sound  Doctrine,  etc..  in  T.  R.  D. 
C.     Pub.  anonymously. 


THE   MINISTRY.  567 

Lansing,  Nicholas,  b.  at  Albany,  1748 ;  studied  under  Westerlo,  lie.  by  Gen- 
eral Meeting  of  Ministers  and  Elders,  1780;  Ancram,  Stissick,  and  Liv- 
ingston Manor,  (the  latter  representing  Greenbush,  Linlithgo,  and 
Taghkanic,)  1781-4,  Tappan  and  Clarkstown,  1784-1830,  Tappan,  1830- 
5,  d.  See  sketch  in  Manual  of  1879.  See  also  Dr.  David  Cole's  Hist, 
of  Church  of  Tappan,  N.Y.,  1894. 

Lansing,  Raymond  Augustus,  b.  Lisha's  Kill,  N.Y.,  June  26,  1873;  U.C. 
94,  N.B.S.  97,  1.  CI.  Schenectady;  Glen,  N.Y.,  1897 

Larimore,  Jas.  Wilson,  b ,  N.Y.U.  1856,  P.S.  58,  U.S.  69  (?)   S.S. 

Cold  Spring,  60,  Albany,  3d,  60-1 ;  see  P.S.  Gen.  Cat. 

Larzelere,  Jacob,  b.  1775;  studied  theol.  under  Livingston,  1.  CI.  N.Y.,  1796; 
N.  and  S.  Hampton,  1797-1828,  d.  1834.    A.M.  by  C.C.,  1804. 
Publications  :    A  Sermon  on  the  Death  of  Gerard  Wynkoop.    1812. 

Lasher,  Calvin  E.,  b.  Clermont,  N.Y.;  R.C.  1870,  N.B.S.  73,  lie.  CI.  Hud- 
son; Guilford,  1873 

La  Tourette,  Jas.  A.  M.,  b.  N.Y.C.  Mar.  23,  1825;  N.Y.U.  48,  P.S.  51,  1. 
Presbyt.,  N.Y. ;  Westfield,  (now  Huguenots),  S.I.,  51-5;  Episcopalian. 
See  P.S.  Gen.  Cat. 

Laubach,  W.  Wortendyke,  1899. 

Laubenheimer,  John,   ,  R.C.   1883,  N.B.S.  86,  1.   CI West 

Hempstead,  86-8,  Greenbush,  1888 

Laufer,  C.  W.,  S.S.  Steinway,  1901 

Lawrence,  Charles  L.  Miss,  in  Newark,  North  Ch.  1898-9,  High  Bridge, 
N.J.,  1899- 1902,  Irvington,  1902 

Lawrence,  Egbert  Charles,  b.  at  Borodino,  Onondaga  Co.,  N.Y.,  1845 ;  U.C. 
69,  tutor,  U.C.  70-2,  P.S.  75,  lie.  Presbyt.  N.B.;  (Brooklyn,  Grace  Ch., 
Presbyt,  75-6,  assisted  in  publication  of  Jas.  B.  Thomson's  new  Alge- 
bra, and  made  the  key  to  it,  76-7;)  Post-grad.  Aub.  Sem.  77-8,  S.S. 
Owasco  Outlet,  77-8,  Schenectady,  2d,  78-80,  Prof.  U.C.  78-82, 
Thousand  Isles,  82-8,  Mt.  Vernon,  88-90,  Westhampton,  90-1.  Ph.D. 
by  Syracuse  Univ. 

Publications:     "Historical  Recreations." 

Lawrence,  Wm.  H.,  R.C.  1874,  N.B.S.  1877. 

Lawsing,  Sidney  Oscar,  N.B.S.   1879,  lie.  CI.  Schenectady;  Rocky  Hill, 

79-83,  Glen,  83-88,  Addisville,  1888 

Lazar,  Isaac,  (Hindoo),  pastor,  Kandiputter  and  Sedaku,  1890 

Lazarus,  Nathaniel  D.  (Hindoo),  Arcot  Sem.  1899,  1.  CI.  Arcot ;  evan- 
gelist in  India,  1899— — 

Lee,  Robert  P.,  b.  1803,  at  Yorktown,  N.Y. ;  Dick.  Col.  1824,  N.B.S.  1828,  1. 
S.  CI.  N.Y.  1828;  Miss,  in  N.Y.C,  1828-9,  Montgomery,  1829-58,  d. 
Elected  trustee  R.C,  1851.    D.D.  by  R.C,  1854.     See  Manual  of  1879. 

Lee,  Timothy  I.  Y.C,  Y.  Theolog.  Sem.  (Winsted,  Ct.;  New  Milford, 
Ct. ;  Easton,  Pa.,  1889-93),  Newark,  1st,  1893 

Le  Fevre,  George,  R.C.  1878.  N.B.S.  81,  Livingston  Manor,  82-6  (Presbyt.) 


568  THE    MINISTRY. 

Le  Fevre,  Jas.,  b.  at  New  Paltz,  N.Y.,   1828;  R.C.  54,  N.B.S.  57,  I.  CI. 

Kingston ;  Raritan,  3d,  57 — Dec.  74,  Middlebush,  Jan.  75 — 1902,  w.  c. 

Trustee  R.C.  88.  D.D.  by  R.C.  93. 
Publications:  Sketch  of  Rev.  Dr.  B.  R.  Hall,  in  "Christian  Intelligen- 
cer," Jan.  29,  1863,  and  in  Manual. — Thanksgiving  Sermon,  "Somerset 
Unionist,"  November  29,  1863. — Assistant  Editor  of  "Our  Home,"  a  maga- 
zine published  at  Somerville,  1873. — Discourse  on  Death  of  Rev.  Wm.  Cor- 
nell, D.D.,  in  "Somerset  Gazette."  October  22,  1876. — Annual  Reports, 
64-1900,  as  Corresponding  Secretary  of  Somerset  Co.,  N.  J.  (S.S)  Asso- 
ciation, to  the  State  Association.  Hist.  Disc,  at  Semi-Centennial  at  Middle- 
bush.  1884. — Huguenot  Patentees  of  New  Paltz — Read  before  Huguenot 
Soc.  of  America,  1896. — Address  at  175th  Anniversary,  Six  Mile  Run  Ch., 
in  Memorial. 

Leggett,  Lester,  Albany,  3d,  1900 

Leggett,  Wm.  Jas.,  b.  at  Ghent,  N.Y.,  1848;  R.C.  72,  N.B.S.  75,  I  CI.  Hud- 
son ;  Schodack  Landing,  75-82,  Claverack,  82-9,  Belleville,  89-93,  Nyack, 

93-1902,  Chatham,  1902 

Lehlbach,  Fred.  A.    From  Grand  Duchy  of  Baden.  1850 ;  Newark,  3d,  1850- 

61,  suspended. 
Lehman,  Fletcher  V.  W.,  b.  Fultonville,  N.Y.,  Sept.  24,  1870;  H.C.  and 

Ham.  Col.;  N.B.S.  99,  1.  CI.  Montgomery;  Columbia,  1899 

Leland,  Hervey  De  Loss,  b.  Elkhorn,  Wis.,  Mar.  8,  1862;  Y.C  85;  U.T.S. 

88;  ord.  by  CI.  Cayuga,  Oct.  2,  88;  Owasco  Outlet,  88-9;  (S.S.  Presbyt. 

America,  N.Y.,  90-6;  S.S.  Niagara  Falls,  1897 ). 

Lente,  James  Rapalye,  b.  at  Newtown,  L.I.,  Ap.  18,  1822;  R.C.  42,  N.B.S. 

50,  1.  N.  CI.  L.I. ;  Wawarsing,  50-3,  Rosendale  and  Bloomingdale,  54- 

64,  1868,  emeritus. 
Lepeltak,  Peter,  b.  Netherlands,  June  16,  1842;  R.C.  62,  N.B.S.  65,  1.  CI. 

Holland ;   High    Prairie,  65-9,  Greenleafton,   Minn.,  69-77,   Overyssel. 

77-91,  Alton,  la.,  1891 

Letson,  Wm.  Warren,  b.   New  Brunswick,  N.J.,  Jan.    18,   1830;   R.C.   51, 

N.B.S.  54,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Ghent.   1st,  56-64,  Gilboa,  64-8,   Amity,  68-80, 

Ramapo,  82-92,  also  Ramsey's,  82-86;  died  Sept.  22,  1893.    "Mints.  Gen. 

Syn.,"  1894,  211.    "Biog.  Notices  Grads.  R.C."  1894,  21. 
Leydekker,  see  Lydekker. 
Leydt,  Johannes,  b.   in   Holland,  1718;   studied   under   Frelinghuysen  and 

Goetschius.  lie.  by  Ccetus,  1748;  New  Brunswick  and  Six  Mile  Run, 

1748-83,  d. 
He  was  a  Hollander  by  birth,  and,  with  an  elder  brother,  emigrated  to 
this  country,  settling  at  first  in  Dutchess  County,  near  Fishkill,  N.  Y.  The 
Classis  of  Amsterdam  very  reluctantly  permitted  his  ordination  in  this 
country.  His  whole  ministerial  life  was  spent  in  one  field  of  labor ;  and, 
while  he  does  not  seem  to  have  left  any  distinct  impressions  of  his  pulpit 
talents,  he  is  represented  to  have  been  a  very  laborious  minister.  In  con- 
nection with  the  organization  of  new  churches,  the  calling  and  installation 
of  pastors,  and  the  healing  of  difficulties  in  congregations,  we  shall  find  the 
name  of  Mr.  Leydt.     He  took  a  warm  interest  in  the  great  conflict  which 


THE    MINISTRY.  569 

agitated  the  Church,  and,  as  a  member  of  the  liberal  and  progressive  party, 
he  commanded  a  wide  influence.  Several  pamphlets  are  still  preserved 
which  he  wrote  during  this  period,  evincing  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the 
points  in  controversy,  and  showing  him  to  be  a  man  of  broad  and  Chris- 
tian views.  These  were  replied  to  by  Ritzema.  At  the  meeting  of  General 
Synod,  at  New  Paltz,  in  1778,  he  was  elected  President.  During  the  war  of 
the  Revolution,  he  was  a  firm  patriot,  preaching  upon  the  topics  of  the  day 
so  as  to  arouse  the  enthusiasm  of  the  people,  and  counselling  the  young 
men  to  join  the  army  of  freedom.  In  the  cause  of  education  his  efforts 
were  early  and  devotedly  enlisted.  He  was  one  of  the  prominent  movers 
in  the  organization  of  Queen's,  now  Rutgers  College.  Appointed  one  of 
the  trustees  by  the  charter,  he  warmly  advocated  its  claims,  and  gave  to  this 
cause  his  best  energies. 

Mr.  Leydt  is  described  as  a  short,  stout  man,  of  dark  features,  very  quick 
in  his  movements,  and  in  his  disposition  kind  and  affable.  As  a  pastor  he 
is  said  to  have  been  highly  esteemed,  and  to  have  had  a  peculiar  faculty  of 
drawing  around  him  the  young  people  of  his  charge.  His  dress  was  the 
classical  costume  of  the  times,  and  in  his  manners  he  was  a  gentleman  of 
the  old  school.  During  the  early  part  of  his  ministry  his  preaching  was  in 
the  Dutch  language;  in  his  later  years  one-half  of  the  services  were  in 
English.  His  sermons  were  instructive,  and  always  delivered  with  a  full 
voice  and  an  earnestness  of  manner  that  held  the  attention  of  his  hearers. 
He  was  a  good  man.  and  much  respected  beyond  his  own  denomination. 
His  sudden  death,  at  the  age  of  sixty-five,  was  regarded  as  a  public  loss. — 
Rev.  R.  H.  Steele,  "Amst.  Cor."     "Coetus  Mints."     "McClintock's  Cyc." 

Publications  :  "A  Soliloquy  on  Faith  Genuine,  or  a  Dialogue  Between 
Self  and  the  Soul,  upon  the  Nature  and  Necessity  of  True  Faith,  in  order 
to  a  Right  Warfare  Here,  and  Victorious  Triumph  Hereafter" ;  collected 
from  some  Private  Meditations  and  improved;  by  Johannes  Light  (Leydt), 
Dutch  Minister  of  the  Gospel  at  New  Brunswick,  NJ. ;  1  Pet.  1  :  19.  "Re- 
ceiving the  End  of  Your  Faith  Even  the  Salvation  of  Your  Souls" ;  2 
Cor.  13:5,  "Examine  Yourselves";  Daniel  5:27;  Tekel.  New  York;  printed 
and  sold  by  Hugh  Gaine,  at  the  printing  office  in  Queens  street,  between 
the  fly  and  meal  market,  1755.  (The  Misses  Roe,  of  New  Brunswick,  have 
a  copy.) 

Publications  in  Dutch  :  "Ware  Vryheyt  tot  Vrede,"  etc.,  etc.,  or  "True 
Liberty  the  Way  to  Peace" :  An  account  of  the  manner  in  which  the 
negotiations  for  union  and  peace  were  conducted,  and  what  prevented  the 
happy  issue.  Besides,  "A  Defense  of  the  Examinations  and  Promotions 
effected  by  the  Coetus,"  showing  what  the  grounds  are  on  which  these 
things  were  done.  Philadelphia,  1760.  (See  "Ritzema's  Reply,"  1761.) — 
A  Defense  of  the  Volume,  "True  Liberty  the  Way  to  Peace,"  against  the 
so-called  concise  refutation,  by  the  pretended  lovers  of  Truth  and  Peace ; 
showing  that  they  did  not  happily  succeed  in  their  effort  to  unite  Truth 
and  Peace,  and  that  they  have  not  disproved  the  existence  of  the  Assembly 
of  the  Ccetus,  nor  its  authority  to  examine  and  ordain.  Philadelphia,  1762. 
(See  "Ritzema's  Reply,"  1763-) 


570  THE   MINISTRY. 

These  pamphlets  of  Leydt,  with  replies  to  each  of  them  by  Ritzema, 
with  the  letter  of  the  Synod  of  North  Holland,  1765,  concerning  the  Coe- 
tus,  were  recently  found  collected  and  bound  together  in  one  volume,  which 
was  secured  by  the  writer,  and  is  now  in  the  Sage  Library  at  New  Bruns- 
wick. 

Leydt,  Matthew,  (s.  of  J.  Leydt,)  b.  1754;  Q.C.  1775,  studied  under  Harden- 
bergh  (?)  lie.  by  Gen.  Meeting  of  Mins.  and  Elders,  1778;  Belleville 
and  Gansegat,  1779-80,  N.  and  S.  Hampton,  1780-3,  d.  Nov.  24.  Elected 
a  trustee  of  Queen's  College,  1783. 

Leydt,  Peter,  b.  1763,  (s.  of  John  Leydt:)  Q.C.  (ace.  to  Catalogue,  1775, 
probably  1785,)  studied  theol.  under  Livingston,  lie.  by  Synod  of  D.R. 
Chs.  1788;  Ponds,  Kakeat,  and  Ramapo,  1789-93,  d.  1796. 

Liddell,  John  A.,  b.  in  Scotland,  1806;  Glasgow  College  and  St.  Andrew's 
College,  1826  (?)  Greenbush,  30-4,  Totowa,  2d,  34-8,  Lodi,  N.Y., 
38-48,  supplied  Cicero,  48-9,  Stone  House  Plains,  49-50,  d.  Also  sup- 
plied Franklin.  See  Manual  of  1879 A  MS.  Commemorative  ser- 
mon is  in  Sage  Library. 

Liebenau.  Michael  Fred.  b.  N.Y.C.  Mar.  1,  1813 ;  N.Y.U.  39  U.S.  41,  1. 
3d  Presbyt.  N.Y. ;  (New  Paltz  Landing,  (now  Highland),  41-6,  Pat- 
erson,  46-9,  New  Paltz  Landing,  50-67,)  Dashville  Falls,  67-8,  Rcsen- 
dale,  68-76,  also  S.S.  Bloomingdale,  76-83,  pastor,  emeritus,  Rosendale, 
83-4;  died  Jan.  13,  1891. 

Lillie,  James,  (Salem  Assoc.  Ref.  1836-44,)  Clove,  1844-5. 

Lillie,  John,  b.  1812,  at  Kelso,  Scotland;  Edinburgh  University,  1831,  studied 
privately,  and  at  N.B.S.   1835,  1.  CI.  N.  Y.   1835;   Kingston,  1836-41. 
President  of  Grammar  School  of  University  of  N.Y.,  1841-2,  Broad- 
way,  afterward    Stanton   st.,   N.Y.C.     1843-8,   also  editor  of   "Jewish 
Chronicle,"  1844-8,  engaged  in  Am.  Bible  Union,  1851-7.     (Kingston, 
Presbyt.)   1858-67,  d.    D.D.  1855  by  Univ.  Edinburgh. 
He  early  developed  a  strong  inclination  for  books  and  study,  making  such 
progress  that  he  entered  the  University  of  Edinburgh  in  his  sixteenth  year. 
His  name  stood  first  on  a  roll  of  two  thousand  students,  in  what  was  then 
the  most  flourishing  institution  of  learning  in  Europe,  and  he  went  forth  to 
his  life-work  with  the  testimony  that  he  was  the  most  accomplished  scholar 
that  had  graduated  from  that  institution  in  half  a  century.     He  carried  off 
eleven  prizes.    He  deliberated  between  the  bar  and  the  pulpit,  choosing  the 
latter.    He  entered  a  divinity  school  in  his  native  land,  where,  having  re- 
mained a  couple  of  years,  he  traveled  in  England,  and,  in  the  summer  of 
1834,  came  to  America,  and  spent  a  year  in  the  New  Brunswick  Seminary. 
He  succeeded  the  venerable  Dr.  Gosman,  at  Kingston,  unsurpassed  in  his 
day  for  eloquence,  influence,  and  popularity.    Yet  lie  maintained  his  position, 
and  established  himself  in  the  esteem  and  admiration  of  the  community. 
But  his  principal  labors  were  in  the  American  Bible  Union.     His  marked 
qualifications  for  scholarly  work  led  to  an  invitation  to  him  to  occupy  this 
important  position.     Here  he  made  his  crowning  .-Requisitions  in  Biblical 
scholarship.     His  revisions  and  translations  of  the  Thessalonian  Epistles. 
the  Second  Epistle  nf  Peter,  those  of  John  and  Jude.  and  the  Revelation. 


THE    MINISTRY.  571 

won  him  the  highest  encomiums  from  the  most  competent  critics,  for  the 
elegant  and  masterly  scholarship  displayed.  In  1858  he  again  settled,  now 
over  the  Presbyterian  Church  of  Kingston,  and  while  there,  delivered  those 
lectures  on  the  Epistles  to  the  Thessalonians,  (published  here  in  i860,  and 
afterward  in  Scotland,)  which  stand  as  a  monument  to  his  ability  and  in- 
dustry as  a  critic  and  a  scholar,  and  which,  with  his  other  scholarly  works, 
secured  to  him  the  doctorate  from  the  University  of  Edinburgh.  His  last 
contribution  to  scriptural  exposition  was  the  translation,  enlarged  and  en- 
riched by  his  own  learned  and  valuable  additions,  of  the  commentary  on 
the  Epistles  to  the  Thessalonians,  as  part  of  the  share  assigned  him  in  the 
American  edition  of  Lange's  great  German  Commentary,  and  with  which 
he  also  closed  his  life.  He  was  suddenly  prostrated,  in  the  very  prime  of 
his  powers  and  usefulness,  and,  after  four  brief  days  of  unconscious  ill- 
ness, he  died. 

He  was  of  a  truly  catholic  spirit.  His  preaching  was  clear,  direct,  in- 
structive, using  great  plainness  of  speech,  yet  in  a  style  marked  by  an  ex- 
quisite and  even  fastidious  taste,  adorned  and  illustrated  by  the  treasures 
of  profane  and  sacred  learning,  and  delivered  with  the  solemn  emphasis  and 
energy  of  a  conscious  ambassador  of  Christ.  He  was  of  a  strong  native 
modesty,  almost  approaching  diffidence,  which  held  him  back  from  position 
and  eminence  in  the  public  eye,  which  a  more  confident  and  self-asserting 
nature  would  have  claimed  and  held  as  a  right.  But  in  the  freedom  of  pri- 
vate relations,  the  native  beauty  of  his  character  stood  revealed.  There  was 
a  noble  frankness  and  manly  truthfulness  about  him.  Open  and  sincere, 
without  deceit  or  subterfuge,  he  was  a  true  and  trusty  man.  He  was  a  firm 
and  outspoken  opponent  of  Southern  slavery  a  generation  before  its  over- 
throw, and  when  it  was  universally  and  disastrously  unpopular,  and  hardly 
safe  to  be  an  abolitionist.  He  was  a  millenarian  in  his  views.  This  struck 
the  key  note  of  his  preaching,  colored  his  conversation,  and  tinged  his  fer- 
vent and  heavenly  prayers. — Memorial  Sermon  by  Rev.  W.  Irvin.  Sketch 
in  preface  to  "Lange's  Com.  on  Thessalonians."  "McClintock's  Cyc." — 
"Wilson's  Presb.  Almanac."  1868,  p.  117.  "Kingston  Argus  and  Journal," 
Feb.,  1867.    "British  and  For.  Evang.  Rev."  lxix.  619. 

Publications  :  Perpetuity  of  the  Earth.  1842. — Preface  and  Notes  to 
"A  Sober  Inquiry  on  Christ's  Reign."  1843. — Ed.  of  "Jewish  Chronicle," 
1844-8. — New  Versions  of,  and  Philolog.  Commentaries  on  the  two  Epistles 
to  the  Thessalonians,  2  Peter,  the  three  Epistles  of  John,  Jude,  and  the 
Revelation.  1851-7.  "Am.  Bible  Union. " — Lectures  on  the  Epistles  to  the 
Thessalonians,  i860.  "Bib.  Sac."  xvii.  672. — Address  at  the  Fun.  of  Dr. 
Gosman.  1865. — "The  Hope  of  the  Church":  a  Miss,  address  before  Par- 
tic.  Syn.  N.Y.  1865.— Translations,  with  additions,  of  Auberlen  and  Rig- 
genbach's  Com.  on  the  Epistles  to  the  Thess.  (In  "Lange's  Com.")  j868. — 
Com.  on  the  two  Epistles  of  Peter,  with  an  Introd.  by  Schafr.  1S69.  (See 
"Bib.  Sac."  xxvi.  389.) 

Lindley,  Daniel,  (Lindsey,  D.,  Lindly,  D.) 

Missionary  in  South  Africa,  1835-42,  became  independent. — The  Board 
of  Foreign   Missions   informed  the  General    Synod    (1840,  p.   415)    "that 


572  THE    MINISTRY. 

there  had  recently  been  opened  a  very  inviting  field  of  labor  among  the 
Dutch  Boers  or  farmers  in  South  Africa,  and  that  they  have  given  as- 
surances that  any  plan  of  moderate  expenditure  for  their  benefit  which  may 
be  devised,  shall  receive  attention.  A  missionary,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Lindly, 
has  already  commenced  his  labors  among  them.'"  In  the  Minutes  of  Gen. 
Syn.  1842,  p.  132,  we  read:  "Rev.  D.  Lindsey,  of  South  Africa,  has  re- 
linquished his  missionary  relation  to  us,  having  become  a  settled  pastor 
and  being  fully  supported  by  the  people  among  whom  he  has  been  labor- 
ing. He  represents  the  field  for  missionary  efforts  in  his  neighborhood 
as  extensive  and  important,  and  very  promising,  and  earnestly  desires 
that  our  church  would  send  a  few  missionaries  thither." 

In  i860  Mr.  Lindley  visited  America,  and  in  a  few  months  returned  to 
South  Africa.  He  then  stated  that  he  had  been  twenty-five  years  a  mis- 
sionary there,  and  that  he  could  not  have  had  a  happier  life  in  any  other 
part  of  the  world.  He  and  a  large  family  had  enjoyed  uninterrupted  health. 
He  had  been  for  several  years  an  evangelist  at  large,  among  the  Dutch, 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  whom,  after  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  was  taken 
by  the  English,  retired  into  the  interior,  and  scattered  themselves  over 
an  immense  district  of  country.  Mr.  Lindley  gives  a  more  favorable  ac- 
count of  these  people  than  we  generally  get  from  English  sources.  He 
says,  notwithstanding  their  roving  life,  there  is  a  regard  for  religion,  and 
a  steadfast  attachment  to  their  old  sound  standards,  which  does  credit  to 
their  noble  Synod  of  Dort  ancestry.  On  one  occasion  when  he  visited  a  dis- 
tant portion  of  his  field,  having  previously  sent  a  notice  of  his  coming,  a 
vast  congregation  assembled  and  remained  in  camp,  holding  religious  ser- 
vices for  several  days.  All  parents  having  children  to  be  baptized  had 
been  notified  to  bring  them  to  that  meeting,  and  one  of  the  most  interesting 
scenes  of  the  occasion  was  the  presentation  of  one  hundred  and  eighty- 
five  children,  to  all  of  whom  the  ordinance  of  baptism  was  administered. 
See  Letters  of  the  period  to  and  from  South  Africa. 

Linn,  John  Blair,  (s.  of  Wm.  Linn,)  b.  in  Pa.  1777;  C.C.  1795,  studied  with 
Romeyn;  lie.  CI.  Albany,  1798:  (Philadelphia  Presb.  1799-1804,  d.)     S. 
T.D.  by  U.  Pa.  1801. 
A  most  remarkable  man,   but  spending  all   his  active  ministry  in  the 
Presbyt.  Church,  an  extended  notice  can  not  be  given  here.    He  was  a  pro- 
lific author.     See  "Blake's  Biog.  Diet."  750;  "Duyckinck's  Cyc."  i.  652; 
"Sprague's  Annals,"  vol.  iv. :  Mem.  of  Dr.  J.  J.  Janeway;  "McClintock's 
Cyc";  "Allibone's  Diet,  of  Authors";  "C.  B.  Brown's  Sketch  of  his  Life." 
1805 ;  "Collegiate  Ch.  Year  Book,"  1888,  94. 

Linn,  Wm.,  b.  in  Pennsylvania,  Feb.  22,  1752;  C.N.J.  1772,  studied  theology 
under  Dr.  Robt.  Cooper,  1.  by  Donegal  (Carlisle)  Presb.,  Ap.  1775; 
chaplain  in  Am.  army,  1776;  (Big  Spring  (now  Newville),  Presbyt. 
Ch.  in  Pa.  1777-84,  prin.  of  Washington  Academy,  Somerset  Co.,  Md., 
1784-6,  Elizabethtown,  1786-7),  New  York,  1787-1805,  chaplain  to  the 
House  of  Representatives  of  First  Congress,  1789,  (supplied  Albany, 
occasionally,  1805-6,)  d.  1808,  Jan.  8.     Elected  a  trustee  of  Q.C.  1787. 


THE    MINISTRY.  573 

Pres.  Q.C.  p.  t.  1791-4.     Regent  of  University  of  State  of  N.Y.  1787- 
1808.    S.T.D.  by  C.C.  1789. 

His  eloquence  was  of  a  most  ardent  and  impassioned  kind.  In  his  mis- 
sionary and  charity  appeals  he  was  eminently  successful.  His  glowing 
imagination  conceived  his  object  vividly,  and  his  language,  of  which  he 
had  an  astonishing  command,  painted  it  to  the  minds  and  imaginations  of 
his  audience  in  such  a  manner  that  he  often  produced  effects  similar  to  what 
are  said  to  have  taken  place  under  the  preaching  of  Massillon  and  Bour- 
daloue.  On  special  occasions  his  performances  were  masterpieces.  His 
eloquence  would  send  a  thrill  of  joy  or  a  shivering  of  horror  through  his 
audience,  at  times,  so  that  they  would  suddenly  start  up  and  look  around 
them.  In  his  "gleaming  sermon,"  as  it  was  called,  in  behalf  of  the  parochial 
school  of  the  Collegiate  Church,  he  "extracted"  about  eleven  hundred  dol- 
lars. This  at  the  opening  of  the  present  century  was  wonderful.  Yet  it 
was  more  his  manner  than  what  he  said. 

His  natural  talent  was  excellent ;  his  acquired  knowledge  respectable  ; 
his  disposition  amiable.  To  a  stranger  he  seemed  reserved  and  austere. 
The  subjects  of  his  discourses  were  generally  very  practical.  He  loved  to 
exalt  the  Saviour,  and  the  burden  of  his  discourses  was  to  direct  even  the 
chief  of  sinners  to  the  cross  of  Christ.  He  was  always  deeply  impressed 
with  the  importance  of  his  work,  and  dealt  faithfully  with  the  souls  of  his 
people.  His  exhortations  were  earnest,  pathetic,  persuasive,  and  alarming. 
He  was  a  true  and  fast  friend  to  his  country.  He  took  a  warm  interest  in 
the  politics  of  the  day.  which  gave  offence  to  those  who  would  eliminate 
religion  from  politics.  His  complaints  of  disease  were  thought  to  be  imagi 
nary  by  his  friends,  but  the  sad  event  proved  their  reality.  His  great- 
grandson,  Hon.  John  Blair  Linn,  was  Secretary  of  State  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  much  given  to  Historical  Research. — Fun.  Sermon  by  Dr.  Bradford. 
in  part  in  "Sprague's  Annals."  Dr.  De  Witt's  Hist.  Disc,  1854.  See  also 
"Blake's  Biog.  Diet."  "Mag.  R.D.C."  iv.  1.  "Sprague's  Annals."  "Duy- 
ckinck's  Cyc."  i.  201,  326.  "McClintock's  Cyc."  "Collegiate  Ch.  Year 
Book,"  1888,  p.  87. 

Publications  :  A  ser.  at  Carlisle.  Pa.,  before  a  reg.  of  soldiers.  1776. 
(Reprinted  in  "Christian  Intell."  Dec.  7,  1876.) — "The  Blessings  of  Amer- 
ica." July  4,  1791,  at  the  request  of  the  Tammany  Society. — A  vol.  of  ser- 
mons, historical  and  characteristic.  1791. — Ser.  on  the  "Spiritual  Death  and 
Life  of  the  Believer."  1791. —  (In  "American  Preacher,"  vol.  i.) — A  ser. 
on  the  "Christian  Warfare."  T793.  (In  "Am.  Preacher,"  vol.  iii.)— "The 
"Character  of  Simon  the  Sorcerer" :  a  ser.  designed  to  prove  that  Bap- 
tism is  not  Regeneration.  1793. — Remarks  on  Dr.  Moore's  Address  to 
Member?  of  Prot.  Epis.  Ch.  in  N.Y.C.  1793. — A  vol.  of  discourses  on- 
"Signs  of  the  Times."  1794. — Thanksgiving  Discourse  after  an  Epidemic. 
1795- — A  disc,  at  Hackensack,  at  a  meeting  of  the  Synod's  Commission  to 
compose  certain  differences,  etc.  1796. — Disc,  on  National  Sins.  1798. — 
Eulogy  on  Washington,  delivered  before  N.Y.  Soc.  of  Cincinnati.  1800. — 
A  ser.  before  N.Y.  Miss.  Soc.  1800. — A  collection  of  essays  on  Episcopacy, 
originally  pub.  in  the  "Albany  Centinel,"  were  ascribed  to  Dr.  Linn.  Rev 


574  THE    MINISTRY. 

Mr.  Beasley,  and  Thos.  D.  How,  Esq.   8vo,  pp.  210.    1806.    Dr.  Linn  wrote 
Miscellany  IX.  in  "Albany  Centinel."    For  a  rev.  of  the  essays,  see  "Chris- 
tians' Mag."  i.  85,  187,  308,  437;  ii.  66,  186,  325;  iii.  389,  525- 
Linton,  J.  C,  VVakonda  (Olive  Leaf),  S.D..  1895-6. 
Lipes,  Henry  H.,  Central  Bridge,  N.Y.,  1895. 

Lippincott,  Benj.  C,  b.  at  Hoboken,  N.J.,  Nov.  22,  1824;  R.C.  47,  N.B.S. 

50,  1.  CI.  NY.;  Hurley  50-66,  also  S.S.  at  Marbletown,  51-66,  Clarks- 

town,  66-72.  Walkill  Valley,  72-77,  N.  and  S.  Hampton,  77-81,  Port 

Ewen,  81-98.     Died  1899,  Jan.  29. 

See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn."  1899,  565. — "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R,C."  i8y9,  13. 

Little,  Elbridge    Gerry,   b.    Hampstead,    N.H.,    1817,   C.NJ.   45,    P.S.   48, 

ord.  CI.  Philadelphia;  Manayunk.  Pa.,  48-50.   Died  Dec.  29,  1869.     See 

P.S.  Gen.  Cat. 
Little,  Jas.  A.,  b.  1837,  N.Y.C. ;  C.C.N.Y.  54,  U.S.  57;  Canastota,  1861-3. 

See  "U.  S.  Gen.  Cat." 
Livingston,  Edward  P.,  R.C.  1852,  N.B.S.  55, 1.  CI.  Monmouth;  Griggstown, 

55-8,  Bushnell,  58-70,  S.S.  Pekin,  1st,  73-8,  pastor,  78-85,  d.  Sept.  8. 
A  sense  of  duty  compelled  him  to  go  West,  after  three  years  in  the  East. 
For  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  he  was  a  prominent  factor  in  the 
development  of  the  Western  field.  He  was  earnest,  loving,  laborious,  and 
self-sacrificing.  He  spent  several  months  in  1871  in  visiting  the  churches 
to  help  raise  the  Million  Dollar  Centennial  Fund. 
Livingston,  Gilbert  Robert,  b.  at   Stamford,  Ct.,   1786;  U.C.    1S05.   studied 

under  Perkins,  of  Ct.,  and  Livingston,  lie.  by  North  Hartford  Assoc. 

1808;  then  studied  two  more  years  under  Dr.  J.  H.  Livingston;  joined 

CI.  N.Y.  May  29,  1810;  Coxsackie,  11-26,  Philadelphia,  26-34.  d.    D.D. 

by  Wms.  C.  1829. 
He  was  of  the  celebrated  family  of  Scotch  Livingstons,  of  which  Prof.  J. 
H.  Livingston  also  came.  His  field  at  Coxsackie  was  very  laborious  and 
extensive,  and  required  a  most  vigorous  constitution  to  bear  the  labor  inci- 
dent to  it.  But  his  labors  abounded.  He  enjoyed  while  there  three  revivals, 
the  last  especially  extensive,  bringing  three  hundred  and  seventy-three  into 
fellowship  with  the  church,  (1821).  About  six  hundred  were  added  to  this 
church  under  his  ministry ;  in  Philadelphia,  about  three  hundred.  His  life 
was  strictly  devoted  to  the  glory  of  God.  He  pursued  this  object  with  dili- 
gence and  zeal,  and  it  was  manifest  that  his  heart  was  in  it,  so  that  he  pro- 
duced an  unusual  impression  on  the  public.  Yet  his  piety  was  never  ob- 
trusive, but  modest,  humble,  and  retiring. 

He  was  never  a  rigid  student,  nor  what  might  be  called  a  ripe  scholar. 
He  was  always  actively  engaged  in  distributing  at  once  what  he  could 
gather,  as  food  to  hungry  souls.  The  character  of  his  preaching  was  rather 
pungent  and  forcible  than  eloquent  and  persuasive.  The  object  at  which 
he  most  habitually  aimed  was  to  make  Christians  active,  and  to  make  sin- 
ners bow  to  the  Lord's  scepter,  under  the  conviction  that  they  had  rebelled 
against  him.  Perhaps  he  was  not  sufficiently  aware  of  the  importance  of 
enlarged  Christian  knowledge  to  right  and  efficient  action,  and  that  some 
wbo  ran  not  be  driven  to  submission   by  the   force  of  conviction  may  yet 


THE    MINISTRY.  575 

be  drawn  by  the  power  of  affectionate  persuasion ;  still  he  was  among  the 
most  efficient  and  successful  preachers  of  the  gospel. 

His  religion  was  benevolent  and  expansive.  His  heart  was  engaged  in 
everything  which  had  for  its  object  the  dissemination  of  divine  truth,  the 
glory  of  God,  and  the  salvation  of  men.  Hence  he  was  the  active  friend  of 
every  great  enterprise  of  Christian  benevolence  and  practical  Christianity. 
After  he  lost  the  power  of  speech,  from  cancer  in  the  mouth,  he  wrote  to 
the  teachers  of  his  Sabbath-school,  entreating  them  to  be  faithful  in  their 
trust  of  the  little  ones,  impressing  anew  their  responsibility  on  their  minds. 
In  a  similar  manner  he  wrote  to  those  who  sustained  the  prayer-meetings, 
and  the  monthly  concert,  and  to  invididuals. — Funeral  Discourse  by  Rev. 
C.  C.  Cuyler.    "Sprague's  Annals." 

Publications  :    A  ser.  in  "Greene  Co.  Preacher"  and  a  tract. 

Livingston,  Henry  Gilbert,  (s.  of  G.  R.  Livingston,)  b.  Feb.  3,  1821,  at 
Coxsackie ;  W.C.  40,  prin.  Clinton  Academy,  L.I.,  40-2,  U.S.  44,  lie. 
Presb.  L.I.  (Carmel,  N.Y.,  Presb.  44-9;)  Philadelphia,  3d,  49-54,  prin. 
Raymond  Academy,  Carmel,  June,  1854-55,  Jan.  27,  d. 
In  his  childhood  and  youth  he  evinced  an  uncommonly  gentle  and  affec- 
tionate temper,  which  continued  to  be  one  of  the  attractions  of  his  character 
till  the  close  of  his  life.  He  was  remarkable  for  the  harmonious  adjust- 
ment and  beautiful  symmetry  of  his  character.  No  one  could  look  upon 
him  without  an  impression  of  his  superiority.  He  was  modest,  yet  not 
lacking  in  courage ;  frank,  but  unobtrusive ;  firm,  and  still  never  obstinate. 
His  manners  were  bland  and  his  deportment  always  dignified.  His  mind 
was  well  balanced,  and,  for  his  age,  well  developed  and  well  furnished. 
He  devoted  a  considerable  part  of  each  day  to  systematic  reading.  His  piety 
was  fervid,  and  exerted  a  controlling  power  over  all  the  movements  of  his 
life.  His  preparations  for  the  pulpit  were  made  with  much  care,  and  he 
was  generally  very  happy  in  his  addresses  and  sermons.  These  abounded 
in  brilliant  thoughts  and  expressions,  and  often  rose  into  the  sphere  of  a 
lofty  eloquence.  His  manner  was  animated,  his  voice  strong,  full,  and  ex 
cellently  modulated.  His  gestures  and  features  added  much  to  what  he 
uttered.  In  all  the  relations  in  which  he  stood,  in  mind,  heart,  and  life, 
he  discovered  a  singular  freedom  from  most  of  the  weaknesses  and  faults 
of  others.  He  won  the  respect  and  affection  of  all  who  knew  him. — 
"Sprague's  Annals."  Commem.  Disc,  by  Rev.  Dr.  W.  J.  R.  Taylor.  "Mc- 
Clintock's  Cyc." 

Publication  :     "Christ's  Care  for  the  Young."     1852. 

Livingston,  John  H.,  b.  at  Poughkeepsie,  1746;  Y.C.  1762,  University  of 
Utrecht,  1769,  1.  CI.  Amsterdam,  1769;  New  York,  1770-1810:  (during 
Revolution,  at  Kingston,  1776,  Albany,  Nov.  1776-9,  Livingston  Manor, 
1779-81,  Poughkeepsie  and  Red  Hook,  1781-3;)  also  Prof.  Theology, 
1784-1810,  in  New  York  and  at  Flatbush;  Prof.  Theology  and  Pres. 
Queen's  Coll.  in  New  Brunswick,  1810-25,  d.  Elected  a  trustee  of 
Queen's  Coll.  1784;  again  1809.  S.T.D.  by  Univ.  Utrecht,  1769.  Ap- 
pointed Trustee  of  C.C.  by  N.Y.  Legislature,  1787. 


576  THE    MINISTRY. 

He  was  ambitious  to  enter  the  legal  profession,  and  pursued  the  study 
of  the  law  for  two  years,  but  his  health  failing,  he  relinquished  it.  This 
gave  him  opportunity  for  reflection,  and  he  was  brought  to  Christ.  After 
a  time  he  resolved  to  devote  himself  to  the  ministry,  and  he  chose  to  pre- 
pare for  the  Dutch  Church  in  preference  to  the  Presbyterian  or  Episcopal, 
chiefly  because  of  the  sad  dissensions  then  existing  among  the  Dutch, 
which  he  felt  it  his  duty  to  try  to  heal.  He  even  felt  in  his  heart  that 
Providence  would  make  him  the  instrument  to  accomplish  these  results. 
(Historical  Introduction.) 

He  spent  the  winter  of  1765-6  in  New  York,  and  greatly  enjoyed  the 
society  of  Domine  Laidlie.  He  sailed  May  12,  1766,  for  Holland,  to  pre- 
pare for  the  ministry.  He  was  the  last  of  the  American  youth  who  went 
to  Holland  for  this  purpose.  In  Holland  he  made  many  warm  friends,  and 
was  himself  greatly  respected.  While  there  he  was  called  to  become  the 
second  English  preacher  in  the  Church  of  New  York.  He  now  presented 
himself  before  the  faculty  of  the  University  of  Utrecht  for  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity.  He  passed  through  the  severe  ordeal,  conducted  in 
the  Latin  language,  and  subsequently  wrote  and  published  a  dissertation 
on  the  Sinaitic  Covenant  in  the  Latin  language,  and  defended  it. 

When  he  arrived  in  this  country  he  was  pre-eminently  the  peacemaker 
between  the  parties.  He  at  once  took  a  high  stand  as  a  minister,  and  was 
honored  of  all.  He  had  few  superiors.  In  the  Revolution  he  was  a  warm 
patriot,  praying  fervently  for  his  country's  cause.  Upon  his  return  to  the 
city,  after  the  triumph  of  freedom,  he  found  himself  the  only  pastor  of 
that  large  church  organization.  Elected  also  at  the  same  time  as  Professor 
of  Theology,  he  had  more  than  double  duties  to  perform.  The  church  in 
which  he  officiated  generally  had  three  or  four  ministers  as  colleagues. 
For  three  years  he  remained  the  sole  pastor.  Yet  during  this  period  he 
received  more  than  four  hundred  on  profession  of  their  faith.  But  his 
extensive  labors  almost  broke  down  his  health.  In  1786  he  received  a 
colleague  in  Dr.  Linn,  and  three  years  later  another,  in  Rev.  G.  A.  Kuypers. 
He  spent  his  summers,  after  1786,  for  several  years  on  Long  Island, 
whither  his  students  followed  him.  returning  to  the  city  in  the  winter. 
He,  in  connection  with  Drs.  D.  Romeyn  and  Westerlo.  were  the  molding 
minds  of  the  denomination.  They  prepared  the  Constitution  from  the  ar- 
ticles of  Dort  and  the  articles  of  Union.  Dr.  L.  also  prepared  the  first 
hymn-bonk  for  the  churches.  In  1794  Synod  recommended  him  to  re- 
move his  Divinity  School  to  Flatbush.  on  account  of  too  high  board  for 
the  students  in  the  city.  This  he  did  in  1796.  but  it  lasted  for  only  one  year, 
when  the  Synod,  to  the  wounding  of  the  Doctor's  feelings,  ceased  all  efforts 
in  behalf  of  the  Professorship.*  (Theological  Seminary.)  He  still,  how- 
ever, continued  to  teach.  He  had  been  elected  by  the  Provisional  Synod 
in  1784;  but  in  1804,  he  was  elected  as  permanent  Professor,  by  the  Gen- 
eral Synod.  This  hastened  the  development  of  the  Seminary.  In  1810, 
after  forty  years'  service  in  the  ministry  and  twenty-six  in  the  Professor- 
ship,   (the   latter   without    compensation,)    he   broke   all    the   ties   he   had 


*  The  cause  of  this  is  not  apparent.     It  may  have  been  owing  to  the  French 
Revolution    and    pecuniary    difficulties  therefrom  resulting. 


THE    MINISTRY.  577 

formed  in  New  York  and  removed  to  New  Brunswick,  because  the  Synod 
requested  it,  to  open  his  seminary  in  connection  with  Queen's  College,  the 
Presidency  of  which  he  also  took.  This  move  was  only  made  from  a  stern 
sense  of  duty,  and  was,  as  he  himself  declared,  almost  like  martyrdom. 
Here  for  fifteen  years  he  continued  his  labors.  Nearly  two  hundred 
students  were  trained  under  his  instructions  during  the  fifty-four  years 
of  his  ministry.  He  was  making  sacrifices  all  his  life  for  the  prosperity  of 
the  Church.  He  lived  to  see  her  firmly  established  and  her  Professorships 
nearly  endowed.  Without  any  human  appointment,  he  was  the  acknowl- 
edged and  cheerfully  accorded  Bishop  of  the  denomination.  (See  Gunn's 
"Life  of  Livingston.")     The  following  is  an  original  characterization: 

From  the  beginning  of  his  course  he  was  a  distinguished  man  and  an 
honor  to  the  denomination  to  which  he  more  particularly  belonged.  His 
presence  was  always  and  in  all  places  impressive,  commanding,  and  digni- 
fied, and  his  dignity  had  nothing  affected  about  it.  It  was  not  anything 
extraneous,  but  an  essential  part  of  the  man,  of  his  mental  and  bodily 
structure.  He  must  have  been  dignified  as  a  child,  as  a  boy,  as  a  young 
man,  as  well  as  in  his  maturer  years.  He  was  tall  and  erect — erect  to  the 
last  day  of  his  life.  His  step  was  deliberate  yet  elastic.  He  wore  the 
antiquated  costume,  of  which  an  ample  wig,  of  almost  snowy  whiteness, 
was  a  very  conspicuous  part.  He  carried  a  staff,  but  it  did  not  seem  neces- 
sary to  his  support,  for  his  step  was  firm,  steady,  but  was  carried  simply 
because  such  an  appendage  was  suitable  and  becoming  to  one  of  his  years 
and  position.  His  expression  of  countenance  was  serene,  benevolent,  with 
a  slight  dash  of  the  aristocratic  about  it — a  dash  not  assumed,  but  natural 
and  not  disagreeable,  for  every  one  that  knew  him  seemed  to  admit  that  he 
at  least  had  a  right  to  it.  As  a  preacher,  he  stood  very  high,  and  it  was 
regarded  as  a  great  privilege  to  have  an  opportunity  to  hear  him.  His 
preaching  was  in  every  respect  peculiar  to  himself,  and  such  as  became 
him  and  no  one  else.  He  loved  to  descant  on  a  very  comprehensive  pas- 
sage of  Scripture,  and  sometimes  an  unsually  extended  one.  He  dealt 
much,  in  exposition,  in  what  is  called  the  textuary  mode  of  handling  a 
Scripture  passage  and  subject.  But  the  abundance  of  material  did  not 
seem  at  all  to  embarrass  or  encumber  him.  He  had  great  skill  in  selecting 
what  was  best  suited  to  his  purpose,  and  then  in  arranging  it,  and  there 
was  a  surprising  unity  in  his  discourses,  however  many  parts  they  might 
embrace.  That  which  would  in  discourses  formed  by  some  men  be  a 
number  of  dissertations  but  slightly  connected,  was  by  him  so  skilfully 
managed  as  to  form  one  whole,  making  one  impression  on  the  mind — a 
distinct,  full,  and  ineffaceable  one.  His  style  was  a  model  of  clearness, 
plainness,  liveliness,  directness.  He  practiced  the  colloquial — the  dignified 
colloquial,  not  the  affected  and  puerile — and  advised  his  students  to  culti- 
vate it.  His  manner  in  the  pulpit  was  his  own  especially.  He  had  great 
variety  in  posture,  tone,  expression  of  countenance,  and  gesture.  He 
seemed  to  loathe  anything  like  monotony.  His  gesticulation  would  have 
been  deemed  extravagant  in  any  one  but  himself.  It  partook  very  much 
of  the  pantomimic;  but  no  one  objected  to  it  in  him,  because  in  him  it 
seemed  to  be  becoming.     In  the  professorial  chair  he  had  great  excellence. 


578  THE    MINISTRY. 

The  measure  of  theological  lore  which  he  secured  and  brought  away  from 
the  halls  of  old  Utrecht  in  her  palmy  days  was  very  large.  His  excellence 
as  a  theological  teacher  did  not  lie  in  the  vigorous  treatment  which  he  gave 
to  a  few  prominent,  important,  favorite  topics  of  theology,  but  in  the  com- 
prehensive, clear,  systematic  view  he  gave  of  the  whole  and  of  every  part 
of  that  science.  The  whole  of  it  was  mapped  out  in  it?  various  compart- 
ments, and  the  relation  of  every  part  was  shown  to  every  other  part  dis- 
tinctly. Thus  every  part  threw  light  upon  every  other  part — a  light  which 
could  not  have  been  thrown  upon  any  part  if  viewed  and  treated  separately 
from  any  other.  And  if  to  this  you  add  that  a  full,  clear,  precise  defini- 
tion was  given  to  every  doctrine  and  fact  embraced  in  the  system,  and  that 
the  student  was  required  to  make  himself  at  home  upon  all  this,  any  think- 
ing, unprejudiced  man  can  appreciate  the  advantages  attending  such  a 
course  of  instruction  ami  the  high  ability  of  the  man  that  carried  it  out  into 
effect.  The  pupils  of  Dr.  Livingston  were  not  required  merely  to  furnish 
their  memories  with  theological  truth,  but  to  exercise,  their  judgments  and 
reasoning  powers  upon  what  they  had  gathered  from  their  wise,  good  and 
faithful  instructor.  His  pupils,  when  they  issued  from  the  seminary,  were 
not  finished,  acute,  profound  theologians ;  it  was  not  expected  by  their 
instructor  or  any  reasonable  man  that  they  should  be  such.  He,  however, 
laid  a  foundation  large  and  firm,  and  it  was  left  to  them  in  their  after  life 
to  build  upon  it  a  proportional  superstructure.  Tf  they  did  not,  it  was 
owing  to  their  indolence  and  negligence,  not  to  any  defects  in  their  pre- 
vious course  of  instruction.  All  honor  to  one  who  did  so  much  for  the 
Church  and  her  ministry.  Let  him  lie  held  in  grateful,  affectionate,  ever- 
lasting remembrance. — Rev.  Dr.  Gabriel  Ludlow.  Funeral  Sermons  by  Dr. 
John  De  Witt,  Dr.  C.unn,  Dr.  Marsclus.  and  Dr.  C.  C.  Cuyler.  Memoir,  by 
Dr.  Alex.  Gunn,  [830,  8vo,  pp.  540.  The  same  condensed  by  Dr.  Chambers, 
1856.  Sketches  in  "Spragne's  Annals"  by  Drs.  T.  De  Witt  and  James 
Romeyn  and  Bish,.p  Kip.  See  also  "McClintock's  Cyc."  For  a  sketch  of 
Robt.  Livingston,  original  proprietor  of  Livingston  Manor,  see  "Doc. 
Hist."  iii.  434.  Also  "Mag.  R.D.C."  i.  100.  128,  1 57-  LS8,  223.  Hist,  of 
Livingston  Family.  "Mag.  R.D.C."  iii.  103,  225— "Berg's  Evang.  Quarterly." 
ii.  it  1. — For  Life  of  Rev.  John  Livingston  of  Ancram,  Scotland,  see 
"Gunn's  Mem.."  1S30,  p.  17;  ed.  1856,  p.  ,35i—  "Ch.  Int.,"  Feb.  9.  1872.- 
Sketch  of  Philip  Living-ton.  "Col.  Hist,  N.Y."  vi.  60,  note.— Also  "Smiths," 
N.Y..  or.  note.— Quoted  in  Centennial  of  N.B.  Seminary.  4t(')-  "Collegiate 
Ch.  Year-Book."  1887.  p.  83. 

A  card  by  Rev.  Dr.  J.  TL  Suydam,  in  the  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  July 
24,  1895,  inquiring  for  the  Gilbert  Stuart  portrait  of  Dr.  Livingston,  brought 
the  reply  that  it  was  in  possession  of  his  granddaughter,  Mrs.  Kaiston 
Crosby,  of  New  York  City. 

I'i  BLIi  vno.Ns:  De  Foedere  Sinaitieo.  Utrecht,  1770. — Plan  of  Union  be- 
tween Ceetus  and  Conferentie,  1771.  (This  was  largely  written  or  molded 
by  his  influence  while  in  Holland.)— An  Inaugural  Oration  in  Latin,  as 
Prof,  of  Theology  R.D.C.  1785.  (Oratio  Inauguralis  de  veritate  Religionis 
Christiana'  quam,  coram   Veneranda  Ecclcsiarum   Bclgkarum   Synodo  Neo 


THE    MINISTRY.  579 

Eboraci  Convocata  publice  in  sede  sacra  habuit  Johannes  H.  Livingston,  S. 
Theol.  Doctor,  atque  v.  d.  ibidem  Minister,  quum  Theologiae  Professionem 
in  earundem  prsecipue  usum  auspicaretur  ad  diem  XIX.  Maji, 
MDCCLXXXV.  This  was  reprinted  in  Latin,  in  first  edition  of  "Centen- 
nial Discourses,  R.C.A.,"  1876,  pp.  553-601.) — Three  sermons  in  "Am. 
Preacher,"  two  on  Growth  in  Grace,  (vol.  i.,)  one  on  Sanctuary  Blessings, 
(vol.  ii.,)  1791. — A  Ser.  before  N.Y.  Miss.  Soc,  "The  Glory  of  the  Re- 
deemer," 1799. — A  Ser.  before  N.Y.  Miss.  Soc,  "The  Triumph  of  the 
Gospel,"  1804.  (To  the  last  is  added  the  Annual  Report  of  the  Directors, 
and  other  papers  relating  to  Am.  Foreign  Missions. — See  Hist,  of  Mis- 
sions in  this  work.) — An  Address  at  the  Commencement  of  Queen's  Col- 
lege, 1810. — Funeral  Service;  or,  Meditations  adapted  to  Fun.  Addresses, 
being  selections  from  Scripture,  1812. — A  Dissertation  on  the  Marriage  of 
a  Man  with  his  Sister-in-law.  1816—  An  Address  to  the  Ref.  Ger.  Churches 
in  the  U.S.,  18 19.— A  System  of  Theology,  in  MS.  (This  large  bound  vol. 
of  MS.  is  in  Sage  Library.)  An  abstract  of  this  was  published  by  one  of 
his  pupils.  Rev.  Ava  Neal,  1832,  and  passed  through  two  editions. — An 
elaborate  letter  to  the  (one)  Particular  Synod  of  the  R.D.C.  about  the 
condition  of  the  Professorship,  1796,  is  published  in  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn." 
i.  464.— Another  to  the  Gen.  Syn.,  1812,  i.  415.— Letter  to  a  Young  Con- 
vert, "Mag.  R.D.C."  i.  157.— Essay  on  "Best  Plan  for  Meliorating  the  Con- 
dition of  the  Jews,"  "Mag.  R.D.C."  i.  100,  128,  158,  223.— Letters,  a  few  in 
"Dr.  Janeway's  Life,"  136,  140,  187,  188;  a  number  in  "Gunn's  Memoir"  of 
him  to  his  colleagues  and  others.  His  own  story  of  his  personal  religious 
experience  is  also  quoted  in  his  Memoir.  In  1787  he  made  a  selection  of 
hymns  for  the  Church,  and  was  the  principal  author  of  the  Explanatory 
Articles  of  the  Constitution  of  the  Church,  1792.— A  sketch  of  Dr.  Livings- 
ton, in  Dutch,  may  also  be  found  in  "De  Gereformeerde  Amerikaan,"  by 
Rev.  H.  Beets,  Aug.,  1900,  pp.  289-304.— His  letter  to  Rev.  Elias  Van  Bun- 
schoten,  which  secured  the  Bequest  for  helping  students.— in  "Centennial 
of  N.B.  Sem.,"  357- 

Lloyd  Aaron,  b.  at  Walnut  Creek,  Erie  Co.,  Pa..  July  27.  1817;  R.C.  42. 
N.B.S.  45,  1.  CI.  Bergen;  Gorham,  46-7,  (Phelps,  Presbyt.,  48-50.)  Liv- 
ingston Ch..  N.Y.C.,  51-3.  Miss,  at  Hudson,  N.J.,  53"5.  White  House, 

55-6,  Pekin,  57-60,  w.  c. , 

Publications:    "Scripture  Office  of  the  Deacon."  1850.— Ser  before  City 
Miss.  Soc,  1853. 

Lloyd,  John  Elroy,  b.   St.  Asaph,   Wales,    1848:   C.N.J.   74-    P-S.   77-  He 
Presbyt.    Boston;    (South  Ryegate,    Ct.,   77-9.    Boonville,    N.Y.,   79-81. 
Nyack,  N.Y.,  81-8,  all  Presbyt.),  Brooklyn,  12th  St.,  88-1900,  w.  c. 
Lloyd,  William,  candidate  in  transitu.     "Mints.  Gen.   Syn.,"     1880,  518. 

Lloyd,  Wm.  S.     S.S.,  N.Y.C.,  Madison  av.,  1877-8.     (Cong.). 

Lochead.  Wm.,  b.  in  Glasgow,  Scotland,  Oct.  10,  1800;  studied  in  Glasgow; 
ord.  1830;  (Albany,  3d,  Presbyt.  1830-..);  Cohoes  and  Waterford, 
38-9,  New  Rhinebeck  and  Cobleskill,  39-43,  Cobleskill,  43-4,  went  to 
Canada,  1845.     Died  at  Elmwood,  Huntly,  Sept.  25,  1881. 


580  THE    MINISTRY. 

He  came  to  Canada  in  1830,  and  soon  removed  to  Albany,  N.Y.  In  1845 
he  went  back  to  Canada.  He  was  a  faithful  minister  of  the  gospel.  He 
made  it  one  of  the  rules  of  his  life  to  give  to  the  Lord  one-tenth  of  his 
income.  And  this  he  did  to  the  very  end,  leaving  eight  hundred  dollars  to 
the  Presbyterian  College,  Montreal,  three  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  to  the 
schemes  of  the  church,  and  fifty  dollars  to  the  Bible  Society. 

Lockwood,  Henry,  b.  Albany,  N.Y.,  Jan.  4,  1869;  R.C.  91,  N.B.S.  94,  1.  CI. 
N.B. ;  Knox  and  Berne,  2d,  1894-1901,  East  Millstone,  1901 

Lockwood.  John  Hoyt,  b.  Troy,  N.Y.,  1848;  W.C.  68,  P.S.  71,  ord.  CI.  Ca- 
yuga: Canastota,  71-3.    See  P.S.  "Gen.  Cat." 

Lockwood,  Louis  John,  b.  at  Newburgh ;  R.C.  1875;  N.B.S.  78,  lie.  CI. 
N.B. ;  Hurley,  Jan.  1879-80.  (Highlands.  X.Y..  Presb.  80-6),  Fairfield, 
N.J.,  86-1889,  w.  c. 

Lockwood,  L.  R.,  Princetown,  1833-4. 

Lockwood,  Samuel,  b.  at  Mansfield,  Eng.,  Jan.  20,  1819;  c.  to  America  in 
childhood ;  N.Y.U.  47,  N.B.S.  50,  1.  CI.  N.Y. ;  Cortlandtown,  50-2,  Gil- 
boa,  52-4,  Keyport,  54-68.  Superintendent  of  public  instruction,  Mon- 
mouth Co.,  N.J.,  67-8,  w.  c.  Died  at  Freehold.  Jan.  9,  1894. 
The  passion  of  this  brother  from  early  life  had  been  for  literature  and 
science.  He  was  born  to  be  a  naturalist,  and  his  appropriate  calling  found 
him  out  and  claimed  him.  From  1868,  to  the  time  of  his  death,  he  gave 
himself  absorbingly  to  his  favorite  pursuit,  and  attained  wide  reputation 
and  high  eminence  in  it.  He  contributed  largely  to  scientific  literature. 
For  many  years  he  was  President  of  the  N.  J.  Microscopical  Society.  He 
received  a  large  number  of  testimonials  from  scientific  societies,  both  in 
Europe  and  America.  As  to  temperament,  he  was  a  most  agreeable  com- 
panion, and  very  interesting  among  children.  The  crowning  beauty  of  Pro- 
fessor Lockwood's  character  was  his  simple  and  hearty  faith  in  God.  The 
mysteries  and  the  beauties  he  saw  in  nature  never  dimmed  his  spiritual 
perception.  These  were  to  him  glorious  manifestations  of  Divine  wisdom 
and  power:  but  always  beyond  and  above  nature  was  that  Infinite  Per- 
sonality, who  spoke  to  his  mind  and  heart,  and  without  discordance  in  His 
word  and  in  His  works  alike,  and  whom,  through  God  manifest  in  flesh,  he 
devoutly  worshiped. 

Publications:  "Consolation  on  the  Death  of  Infants,"  1851. — "Manly 
Old  Age" ;  on  death  of  De  Lafayette  Schenck,  1862.— "Temperance.  Forti- 
tude, Justice,"  1855. 

Lodewick,  Edward,  b.  in  Rensselaer  Co.,  N.Y..  1846:  R.C.  69,  N.B.S.  72.  1. 

CI.  Rensselaer ;  St.  Johnsville.  72-5,  Pascack,  1875 — 
Loeber,  Frederic.     N.B.S.  i860. 

Long,  Edward  Curtis,  b.  in  Kentucky,  1852:  Cumb.  Univ.  79,  Cumb.  Sem. 
81,  U.S.  82;  High  Bridge,  N.J.,  85-9.    See  "U.S.  Cat"  for  other  details. 
Lonsdale,  J.  T.,    S.S.  Bethany  Memorial,  N.Y.C.,  1000 

Lord,  Daniel,  b.  N.Y.C.  Ap.  1,  1822:  U.  Pa..  44.  N.B.S.  47.  1.  CI.  Passaic; 
Piermont,  47-50,  Jersey  City,  1st,  50-51,  Henderson.  51-56,  Nyack,  56-60, 
Henderson,  60-64,   (South  Cong.  Bridgeport,  Ct.,  65-69.  Chicago,  Cal- 


THE    MINISTRY.  581 

vary  Presb.,  69-73;  Physician-in-chief  of  South  Side  Dispensary,  Chi- 
cago, 73-78;)  Henderson  and  Jordanville,  1878-99,  d.  Sept.  10. 

He  was  a  great-great-grandson  of  Rev.  Benj.  Lord,  D.D.,  who  for  67 
years  was  pastor  of  First  Ch.  of  Norwich,  Ct.  In  order  to  increase  his  use- 
fulness in  the  parishes  where  he  labored,  he  thoroughly  qualified  himself 
by  study,  and  by  taking  a  full  course  of  medical  lectures,  for  the  practice 
of  medicine.  His  ability  in  this  line  is  seen  by  the  position  he  held  in  Chi- 
cago. He  was  a  man  of  high  scholarly  attainments,  graduating  from  the 
University  with  honor,  and  continuing  to  be  an  enthusiastic  student  through 
his  whole  life.  Yet  his  sermons  were  not  scholastic,  but  simple,  familiar, 
lucid.  He  was  a  master  of  pathos,  and  by  his  power  of  persuasion  often 
proved  himself  master  of  men.  He  was  greatly  beloved  in  every  one  of  his 
churches. 

See  also  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1900,  896.— "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C.," 
1900,  15. 

Lord,  Edward,  b.  at  Danby,  Tompkins  Co.,  N.Y.,  Mar.  29,  1821 ;  W.C.  43, 
Aub.  Sem.  46;  lie.  by  Presb.  Ithaca,  45;  (Romulus,  N.Y.,  (S.S.)  46-7, 
pastor,  47-51,  Fulton,  N.Y.,  52-65;  also  Chaplain,  110th  N.Y.  Regiment, 
one  year  of  this  period,  being  present  at  the  capture  of  Port  Hudson, 
La.;  Adams,  N.Y.,  65-70)  ;  Metuchen,  70-81,  w.  c.  Engaged  partly  in 
journalism. 

Publications:  Ch.  Manual,  Romulus,  N.Y.,  1851.— Address  on  Horti- 
culture, 1854.— "Blessedness  of  the  Pious  Dead" ;  at  Fun.  of  Deacon  Sam- 
uel Bond,  1870. 

Lord,  Jer.  Skidmore,  b.  at  Jamaica,  N.Y.,  May  10,  1812 ;  N.Y.U.  36,  U.S. 

39,   he.    1st   Pres.    N.Y.,    1839;    Resident  Lie.    39-40;    Montville,   40-3, 

Griggstown,  43-7,  N.Y.C.,  Harlem,  48-69,  d.  Ap.  2.     D.D.  by  U.N.Y., 

1859.     See  Manual  of  1879. 

Commemorative  Ser.  by  Rev.  Dr.  E.  H.  Gillett. 
Publications:     "The  Voice  of  God  in  Calamity."     "Pulpit  Repository  " 
1850. 

Losch,  H.,  Hackensack,  (Ger.,)  1870-2. 

Lo  Tau,  (a  native  Chinese,)  studied  under  the  missionaries;  ord.  by  Tai- 
hoe  (Classis)  of  Amoy,  March  29,  1863;  Amoy,  1863-9;  d.  1870. 

Lott,  Henry  Ray.  N.B.S.  1859,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  never  ordained.  Died  Nov  12 
1878. 

Lott,  John  S.,  b.  at  Flatbnsh,  L.I.,  1833:  R.C.  55,  N.B.S.  58,  1.  CI.  N.B. ; 
Franklin,  N.J.,  59-65,  Middleburgh,  65-70.  served  as  the  Secretary  of 
the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Brooklyn  Association  for  Improving 
the  Condition  of  the  Poor,  for  many  years. 
Publications  :     Many  articles  in  the  religious  and  daily  press. 

Lott,  Leonard  Walter,  b.  Rahway,  N.J.,  Aug.  12,  1853;  C.N.J.  76;  U.T.S. 
79;  ord.  CI.  Po'keepsie,  Oct.  7,  79;  Rhinebeck,  1879-84,  ord.  Episcopal 
deacon,  Dec.  20,   1885;  priest,  Feb.   14,  1886;  rector,  Lonsdale,  R.  I., 

1885-92 ;  St.  Peters,  Jamaica  Plain,  Boston,  Mass.,  T892 

Publication:    In  Memoriam ;  Jas.  A.  Garfield,  1881. 


582  THE    MINISTRY. 

Loivks,  Joel,  b.  McKinlcy.  X.J.,  Jan.  7.   1853;  RC.  81,  N.B.S.  84.  1.  CI. 

Montgomery;  South  Branch,  N.J.,  84-92,  w.  c. 
Lowe,  John  C,  b.  about  1830,  near  Somerville,  N  J. ;  R.C.  55,  N.B.S.  58,  1. 

CI.  N.B.;  Oyster  Bay,  59-63,  Rotterdam,  1st,  63-1890,  St.  Thomas,  W.I., 

June  16-July  29,  1890,  died. 
A  man  of  gentle  manners  and  genial  conversation.    He  did  faithful  work 
at  Rotterdam  for  27  years.     He  was  warmly  received  at  St.  Thomas,  and 
high  hopes  were  anticipated  of  his  usefulness,  but  in  a  few  weeks  he  died. — 
"Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1891,  414. — "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads,  R.C,"  1891.  28. 

Lowe,   Peter,  b.   at  Kingston,   1764;    studied   under  Livingston,  1.   by   the 

Christian  Synod  of  R.D.  Chs.  1787  (?)  Brooklyn,  Flatlands,  Flatbush, 

Bushwick,  and  New  Utrecht,  1787-1808,  Flatbush  and  Flatlands,  1808- 

18,  d.  June  10.    A.M.  by  R.C.  1810.     See  Manual  of  1879. 

Van  Pelt's  Sermon.     "Ch.  Int.,"  vol.  ii.  125.     Rev.  Dr.  Jas.  Brownlee's 

Discourses  at  Port  Richmond,  1865  and  1875. 

Publication  :     A  sermon  at  organization  of  CI.  L.I.,  1813. 
Lowe,  Thomas  Owen,  b.  Clermont  Co.,  Ohio,  Feb.  11,  1838;  at  Farmers' 
College,  College  Hill,  Cincinnati,  O. ;  lie.  by  Dayton,  O.,  Presbyt.  84; 
ord.  by  Zanesville  Presbyt.  O.,  84;    (Mt.  Vernon,  O.,  84-7,  Avondale, 
Ch.,  Cincinnati,  O.,  87-93,  both  Presbyt.)  Brighton  Heights,  S.I.,  93-98, 
w.  c. 
Publications  :     Volume  of  decisions  as  Judge  of  Supreme  Court,  Day- 
ton, O. — Sundry  Small  Tracts  and  Booklets. 

Luback,  Wietse,  from  Ch.  Refd.  Ch.  of  the  Netherlands.     Reed,  into  CI. 

of  Holland,  Mich.,  1882;  a  domestic  missionary,  supported  by  the  Ch. 

of  Saugutuck.    Lansing,  111.,  1883-92,  Palmyra,  N.Y.,  92-98. 
Lubbers,  Fred.,  b.  Zeeland,  Mich.,  March  22,  1872;  H.C.  96,  W.S.  99,  1. 

CI.  Iowa;  Lafayette,  Ind.,  1899 

Luckenbill,   George  Albert,   b.   in   Pa..   July    14,   1862;    Ursinus   Coll.,   Pa.: 

N.B.S.  92;  1.  by  CI.  New  Brunswick;  Montville,  N.J..  92-4,  supplied 

churches,  94-1900;  died  Oct.,  1900. 
A  call  to  him,  as  their  first  pastor,  had  just  been  made  out  for  him  by 
the  church  of  Glen  Rock,  Bergen  Co.,  N.  J.     In  a  few  moments  after  leav- 
ing the  church  he  was  struck  by  a  train  on  the  Erie  R.R.  and  killed. — See 
"Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1901,  1239. 

Ludlow,   Gabriel,   b.   at  Aquackanonck,    N.J.,    April   23.    1797;    U.C.    1817, 

N.B.S.  1820,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  S.S.  Albany,  six  months,  1820-1,  Ne-Shanic, 

1821-78,  d.  Feb.  19.    D.D.  by  R.C.  1850. 

He  was  remarkable  in  remaining  so  long  in  one  parish,  and  in  personal 

qualities.    He  could  easily  have  obtained  a  more  prominent  position  had  he 

desired  it.     If  he  had  been  called  to  a  city  charge  in  early  life  he  would 

have  performed  its  duties  as  satisfactorily  and  successfully  as  he  discharged 

those  of  a  rural  parish.    He  would  have  gathered  around  him  an  intelligent. 

thoughtful   congregation,    and    have   maintained    his    influence    over    their 

children  and  children's  children,  as  he  did  at  Neshanic.     To  within  the 

last  three  or  four  years  he  was  essentially  a  young  man.    In  mind  and  heart 


THE   MINISTRY.  583 

he  did  not  grow  old,  but  retained  freshness  and  vivacity  of  thought  and  ex- 
pression, and  feeling,  to  an  extent  seldom  seen. 

He  was  a  genial,  sympathetic,  tender-hearted,  generous  friend  and  pastor. 
He  was  strong  in  thought;  strong,  distinct,  and  decided  in  expression; 
strong  in  conviction.  He  was  independent  in  thought  as  far  as  one  could 
be  who  received  the  Bible  with  the  simple  faith  of  a  little  child.  His  mind 
was  active,  alert,  and  eager  to  know  and  understand  the  times.  He  was  a 
sound  scholar,  not  speculative,  but  acquisitive  of  facts  and  principles.  He 
preached  extemporaneously  much  of  the  time,  and  his  sermons  were  analyt- 
ical, clear,  Scriptural,  instructive  and  vigorous.  Whether  he  was  called  to 
deliver  a  funeral  discourse,  or  an  address,  or  lecture,  his  hearers  always  re- 
ceived a  succession  of  striking  points,  clearly  expressed,  full  of  individual- 
ity and  at  the  same  time  admirably  adapted  to  the  occasion,  and  their  cir- 
cumstances, and  full  of  the  Scriptures,  and  Christian  experience,  and  ster- 
ling common  sense.  The  sentences  did  not  flow  on  rapidly,  but  came  stead- 
ily in  strong,  plain  words,  and  were  as  clear  and  forcible  and  happily 
expressed  as  though  they  had  been  elaborated  with  the  utmost  care.  His 
preaching  was  extremely  interesting,  and  held  one's  attention  to  the  end. 

Publications  :  Ser.  at  Fun.  of  Rev.  Dr.  Peter  Labagh.  In  "Todd's  Me- 
moir" of  Labagh. — "Fifty  Years  of  Bible  Work."  A  disc,  at  semi-cen- 
tenary of  Bible  Soc,  Somerset  Co.,  N.J.,  1867. — "Fifty  Years  of  Pastoral 
Work."  A  ser.  at  50th  anniv.  of  his  ordination,  1871. — Prayer  at  dedication 
Ref.  Ch.,  Readington,  1865. 

Ludlow,  Jas.  Meeker,  b.  Elizabeth,  N.J.,  Mar.  15,  1841 ;  C.N.J.  6i,  P.S.  64, 
1.  Presbyt.  Elizabeth;  (Albany,  1st,  Presbyt.  65-9,)  New  York,  Col- 
legiate, 48th  st.,  69-77,    (Brooklyn,  Westminster,  77-85,  East  Orange,. 

N.J.,  1st,  1886 )    D.D.  by  Wms.  Coll.  1872 ;  by  Bucknell  Univ.,  Pa., 

1887. 

Publications  :  Address  at  Centen.  Anniv.  North  D.  Ch.  1869.— Address 
at  Laying  of  Corner-stone  of  48th  St.  Ch.  i860— "Our  Creeds,"  a  Sermon. 
1869.— Address  before  15th  Convention  S.S.  Teachers.  1870.— Sermon  in 
Commemoration  of  Dr.  Thos.  De  Witt.  1874.— "My  Saint  John."— Concen- 
tric chart  of  History.  1885.— "Captain  of  the  Janizaries."  1886.— "A  King 
of  Tyre."  "History  of  the  Crusades." — "That  Angelic  Woman. — 
Deborah." — Contributor  to  periodicals,  Secular  and  Religious. 

Ludlow,  John,  (brother  of  Gabriel  Ludlow,)  b.  at  Aquackanonck,  1793; 
U.C.  1814,  tutor  in  U.C.  1815-6,  studied  theology  with  Rev.  Andrew- 
Yates  and  at  N.B.S.  1817,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1817;  New  Brunswick,  1817-19, 
Prof,  of  Bib.  Lit.  in  N.B.S.,  1817-23,  Albany.  1st,  1823-34,  Provost  of 
the  University  of  Pa.,  1834-52,  Prof,  of  Ecc.  Hist,  and  Ch.  Gov.  in 
N.B.S.  1852-7,  also  Prof,  of  Metaphysics  and  Philos.  of  Human  Mind 
in  Rutgers  Col.,  1852-7,  d.  Elected  a  trustee  of  Queen's  Coll.  1819. 
D.D.  by  U.C;  LL.D.  by  R.C.  1851. 
His  most  striking  characteristic  was  "strength."    His  person  was  strong. 

His  frame,  large,  firmly  knit,  and  commanding,   rose  before  you   like  a 

column  on  which  no  ordinary  weight  of  public  burden  might  be  safely  laid. 

His   countenance   was   strong.     The  lines   of   thought   and    decision    were 


584  THE    MINISTRY. 

deeply  traced,  his  eye  clear  and  almost  stern,  and  the  whole  expression  so 
settled  and  firm,  even  in  his  fresh  years,  that  many  were  surprised  when 
his  age  was  announced  at  his  death,  because  they  could  not  remember  him 
ever  but  as  a  dignified,  ripe  man. 

His  voice  was  strong.  With  difficulty  he  restrained  it  from  what  in  an- 
other would  have  been  vociferousness ;  but  when  his  earnest  soul  burst 
through  such  caution,  its  tones  thundered  through  the  largest  edifice,  com- 
manding the  most  distant  hearer,  and  often  overpowering  those  who  sat 
nearer  to  the  pulpit.  No  one  who  looked  upon  him  and  heard  his  Boa- 
nergic  eloquence  doubted  his  strength. 

His  intellect  was  strong.  Culture  and  convictions  of  taste  smoothed 
some  of  his  ruggedness,  and  his  living  heart  pleaded  through  his  massive 
sentences,  yet  neither  fancy  nor  grace  was  largely  found  in  his  qualities. 
But  his  grasp  was  vigorous,  his  logic  direct  and  determined,  crushing  the 
superficial  semblancy  of  sophistry  or  art ;  and  his  analysis  was  more  like  a 
sledge-hammer  wielded  by  an  arm  such  as  his  own,  dashing  the  material 
apart,  than  the  keen  dissection  of  a  subtle  wit.  He  was  impatient  of  all 
between  him  and  the  truth,  but  the  truth,  when  he  reached  it,  as  he  did 
quickly,  he  held  fast  to  with  a  muscle  no  human  hand  could  take  it  from. 
His  will  was  strong.  The  prompt  energy  of  his  convictions  and  the 
humility  with  which  he  obeyed  well-ascertained  principles  made  him  de- 
termined, because  he  was  sure.  He  rarely  undertook  a  measure  in  which 
he  consented  to  fail ;  and  if  he  did  fail,  it  was  not  until  he  had  exhausted 
all  his  forces. 

His  affections  were  strong.  If  those  who  looked  on  his  muscular  frame 
and  hard  features,  or  heard  his  stentorian  voice,  or  were  beaten  down  by 
his  unadorned  argument,  or  strove  in  vain  against  his  inflexible  purpose, 
thought  him  to  be  in  temper  harsh  and  in  spirit  unkindly,  they  knew  him 
not.  To  his  friends,  to  all  who  approached  him  m  social  life  or  sought  his 
counsel  and  sympathy,  he  was  gentle,  and  kind,  and  considerate.  The  peo- 
ple to  whom  he  ministered  in  his  several  charges,  or  in  occasional  services, 
found  a  well  of  sympathy  in  his  heart  for  all  their  troubles  and  anxieties. 
The  young  students  never  left  him  after  a  personal  interview  for  advice,  or 
even  rebuke,  without  a  sentiment  of  filial  gratitude  and  esteem  ^  while  in 
his  family,  as  a  host,  as  a  father,  a  husband,  his  memory  is  one  of  un- 
mixed love  and  tenderness,  and  most  watchful  delicacy. 

When  such  a  man  came  under  genuine  religious  influences,  it  is  not  sur- 
prising that  he  should  be  strong  in  faith.  He  owned  no  authority  in  doc- 
trine or  morals,  but  the  word  of  God,  and  to  that  he  bowed  with  unhesitat- 
ing reverence  and  a  child-like  simplicity.  No  man  could  shrink  more  than 
he  did  from  mingling  his  own  prejudices  or  speculations  with  the  pure  wis- 
dom from  on  high;  but  that  which  he  received  on  the  Divine  testimony,  he 
frankly  professed,  earnestly  taught,  and  fearlessly  adhered  to.  His  doc- 
trinal views  on  the  atonement  were  very  clear  and  decided ;  his  practical 
apprehension  as  firm  and  cheerful.  He  spoke  rarely  of  his  inner  experience, 
and  then  with  unfeigned  humility  and  thankfulness  for  the  grace  which 
was  given  him.  His  theology  was  very  grave,  resembling  nearly  that  of 
the  most  evangelical  Reformers  and  the  fathers  of  our  Reformed  Churches. 


THE    MINISTRY.  585 

So  also  was  he  strong  in  the  virtue  which  is  the  fruit  of  faith.  He  loved 
his  Master,  his  Master's  cross,  his  Master's  example,  and  his  Master's  will. 
Therefore  for  his  Master's  sake  did  he  love  all  men,  especially  the  house- 
hold of  faith.  His  truthfulness  was  remarkable.  He  was  honest  as  the 
day,  and  as  generous  as  he  was  honest.  He  chose  ever  the  most  liberal 
policy,  and  inclined  to  the  most  charitable  judgment.  Hence  fidelity  in  his 
duties  and  friendship  was  a  distinguishing  trait  of  his  life  in  all  his  rela- 
tions. Practically  wise,  and  of  unusual  foresight  in  calculating  contingen- 
cies, he  was  one  of  the  best  of  counselors,  though  sometimes  failing  through 
his  unwillingness  to  think  evil  of  men.  His  life  W3S  pure,  grave,  calm, 
consistent,  industrious,  and  kind.  He  was  vigorous  when  controversy  was 
demanded,  and  resolute  in  urging  sound  policy,  despite  of  opposing  minds ; 
and  he  could  not  therefore  avoid  some  rude  shocks  and  sharp  assaults. — 
See  commemorative  sermons  by  Drs.  W.  J.  R.  Taylor,  I.  N.  Wyckoff,  and 
Bethune.  "Evan.  Quarterly,"  ii.  117.  Also  ser.  at  his  install.,  1823,  by  Dr. 
A.  Yates.     Copied  in  "Centennial  of  N.  B.  Sem.,"  447. 

Publications  :  Address  at  his  Inauguration  as  Provost  of  University 
Pa.     1834. — Address  before  the  Albany  Female  Academy.     1834. 

Lumkes,  John  M.,  b.  Kielwindeweer,  Netherlands,  Dec.  1,  1862;  Kampen, 
Netherlands,  84,  W.S.  go,  1.  CI.  Holland;  Oakdale  Park,  90-3,  Newkirk, 
93-1900,  Alto,  1900 ■ 

Lupardus,  Wilhelmus,  Flatbush,  New  Utrecht,  Brooklyn,  Flatlands,  (oc- 
casionally supplying  Bushwick  and  Gravesend,)  1695-1702,  d. — "Doc. 
Hist."  iii.  89,  94.     Amst.  Cor. 

Lupton,  Brandt  Schuyler.  C.C.  1788,  studied  theol.  under  Livingston,  lie. 
by  Synod  of  R.D.  Churches,  1788;  Lansingburgh  and  Waterford, 
1788-9,  d. 

Lusk,  Matthias,  b.  Sept.  9,  1807;  R.C.  30,  N.B.S.  33;  Jersey  City,  33-48,  w. 
c. Died  Ap.  13,  1883. 

Luxen,  John,  b.  Berdun,  Groningen,  Netherlands,  Dec.  23,  1862;  H.C.  92, 
W.S.  95,  1.  CI.  Holland;  Lansing,  111.,  95-6,  Kalamazoo,  4th,  96-1900, 
Muskegon,  1900 

Luyck,  Aegidius,  teacher  of  Grammar  Sch.,  New  Amsterdam,  1662-72.  Sup- 
plied church  N.Y.C.  1671. 

Afterward  became  a  burgomaster.  His  classical  school  obtained  such 
reputation,  that  pupils  came  from  Albany,  Delaware,  and  Virginia. — See 
"Paulding's  New  Amst.,"  "Brodhead's,  N.Y.,"  "Dunshee's  Hist,  of  School 
R.D.C.,"  53.  There  are  many  allusions  to  him  in  the  "Amst  Cor.  and 
Documents."    One  of  same  name  was  lie.  by  CI.  Amst.  Ap.  7,  1727. 

Lyakkam,  C.  (Hindoo),  Arcot  Sem.  1901,  1.  CI.  Arcot.  Evangelist  in  In- 
dia, 1901 

Lyall,  John  Edwarp.  (son  of  Wm.  Lyall.)  b.  Columbia  Co.,  N.Y. ;  R.C. 
76,  N.B.S.  1879,  1.  Ci.  Hudson;  Bound  Brook,  80-1,  Millbrook,  1881 

Publications:      "The    Value   of   Prayer." — "Seeking   and    Finding   the 
Lord." 


586  THE    MINISTRY. 

Lyall,  Win.,  b.  in  Scotland,  1798;  c.  to  America  about  1835;  I  Miss,  in  Can- 
ada,   1835-..,    in    Newark,  ,  in    Riverhead,  18.. -43,)   Kiskatom, 

1843-7,  (Presbyt.  1847-51.)  Taghkanic,  1851-65,  Miss,  to  the  freedmen 
in  Charleston,  S.C.,  1865-6,  d.  1868. 
He  had  been  an  attendant  on  the  lectures  of  the  late  Dr.  Chalmers,  while 
in  his  native  land,  of  whom  he  was  an  enthusiastic  admirer.  He  was  learned 
in  theology,  critical  as  a  Biblical  expositor,  familiar  with  the  original  lan- 
guages, conversant  with  books,  and  possessed  of  a  retentive  and  ready 
memory.     His  Christian  experience  was  deep,  rich,  and  joyous. 

Lydecker,  Geo.  De  Witt,  b.  at  Clarkstown,  N.Y.,  Oct.  26,  1850;  R.C.  74, 
N.B.S.  77,  lie.  CI.  Paramus;  Bloomingburgh.  1877-82,  Wawarsing,  82-6, 
Upper  Red  Hook,  86-98,  Nassau,  98-1902. 

Lydekker,  Garret,  b.  in  America,  1729;  C.NJ.  1755,  studied  under  Ritzema, 
Kails,  and  Gcetschius,  lie.  by  Conferentie,  1765;  supplied  North  Branch 
occasionally,  1767,  English  Neighborhood,  1770-6;  a  Tory;  fled  to  New 
York,  and  officiated  in  the  city,  for  the  Dutch,  during  the  Revolution. 
Trinity  Church,  remembering  the  courtesy  of  the  Dutch  in  allowing 
them  the  use  of  their  churches  in  former  times,  now  granted  the  Dutch 
the  use  of  St.  George's  Chapel.  See  Correspondence  in  "Berrian's 
Hist.  Trinity  Church,"  171-2,  Brodhead,  i.  119,  etc.  At  the  close  of 
the  war,  Lydekker  went  to  England.     Died  1794. 

Although  the  Conferentie  denounced  the  ordinations  of  the  Ccetus,  they 
at  last  sought  permission  to  do  the  same  thing.  They  call  Lydekker  a  well- 
educated  young  gentleman,  but  not  of  rugged  health.  The  Classis  at  Am- 
sterdam permitted  this  ordination  as  a  special  "example  of  their  generos- 
ity." The  "Gentleman's  Magazine"  for  May,  1794.  thus  mentions  his 
death :  "Died  at  his  son's  house  at  Pentonville,  the  Rev.  Gerhardus  Lydek- 
ker, B.A.,  aged  65  years,  late  pastor  of  the  Dutch  Church  in  New  York. 
He  was  a  native  of  America,  but  from  his  loyalty  was  obliged  to  leave 
a  state  of  affluence  and  take  refuge  in  Britain." — See  Amst.  Cor.  Feb.  4. 
1765.  "Doc.  Hist.,"  X.Y..  iii.  (4to)  309.  312.  "Collegiate  Church  Year- 
Book,"  1881.  74. 

Publications  :     A  Discourse,  in  connection  with  a  Theological  Thesis, 
containing  the  Heads  of  Christian  Doctrine.     Published  by  Samuel  Brown, 
1767. 
Lydius,  Johannes,  (son  of  Rev.  Henricus  Lydius,  of  Maesdam.  S.  Holland). 

There  was  a  Henricus  Lydius  who  matriculated  at  Leyden,  on  Jan.  12. 
1651,  with  no  particulars  given,  except  "Coll.  al.,"  which  probably  means  a 
"College  Alumnus."  Johannes  had  also  a  brother,  Rev.  Nicholas  Lydius. 
There  was  one  of  this  name  who  matriculated  at  Leyden.  Oct.  1,  1686,  aged 
jo.  for  the  study  of  theology.  The  dates  would  be  entirely  suitable,  if  these 
are  the  father  and  brother  of  Johannes,  above  mentioned  :  hut  the  name 
Johannes  does  not  occur  in  the  catalogues  of  Leyden,  Utrecht,  or  Gronin- 
gen.  Antwerpen,  (under  the  Cross,)  in  Belgium,  1692-1700;  c.  to  Amer- 
ica; Albany  alone,  1700-9,  also  Schenectady.  1705-0.  Miss,  to  the  Mohawks. 
1702-9,  d.  Mar.  1,  1709. 


THE    MINISTRY.  587 

He  and  Dellius  exchanged  places,  the  latter  going  to  Antwerp,  and  Ly- 
dius  to  Albany.  (For  the  sinister  attempt  to  anticipate  his  pastorate  at 
Albany  by  another,  see  Freeman  and  Nucella.)  Robt.  Livingston,  the 
Indian  Agent,  promised  the  Mohawks,  in  1700,  that  he  would  engage  Lydius 
to  learn  their  language,  and  preach  the  gospel  to  them.  He  hoped  soon  to 
have  the  Bible  translated  into  their  language,  and  then  some  of  their  chil- 
dren should  learn  to  read  it,  and  it  would  be  mightily  interesting  and  con- 
solatory to  them.  In  1702  the  praying  Indians  represented  to  the  agent 
that  Lydius  had  exhorted  them  to  live  as  Christians,  not  in  envy  and 
malice,  which  are  the  works  of  Satan,  but  in  concord  and  peace;  that  then 
God  would  bless  them.  These  teachings,  they  say,  had  so  wrought  on  their 
spirits,  that  they  were  now  all  united  and  friends.  They  returned  hearty 
thanks  for  the  pains  taken  with  them,  which  they  acknowledged  with  a  belt 
of  wampum.  When  Lydius  died  the  Indians  presented  four  beaverskins 
to  the  agent  as  an  expression  of  condolence  at  his  death.* — See  "Doc. 
Hist."  iii.  77,  538-541,  893,  897;  iv.  7.^4.  "Col.  Hist."  iv.  734,  98S ;  v.  225. 
Amst.  Cor.,  many  letters.  "Munsel's  Annals  of  Albany,"  i.  113;  "Dr. 
Rogers'  Hist.  Disc."  1857. 

The  will  of  Lydius,  vol.  xiii..  p.  401.  Surrogate's  Office,  N.Y.C.  Ab- 
stract of  his  will  in  "Biog.  and  Gen.  Record,"  about  1870-5. 

Publications:  "Christelijcke  Religie  voorgestelt  by  forme  van  vragen 
en  antwoorden  ten  gebruycke  van  sulke  die  sich  bereyden  om  tot  de  ge- 
meenschap  van  de  Gereformeerde  kerke  en  't  gebruik  van  's  Heeren  Heilig 
Avondmaal  toegelaten  te  worden."  Or  the  Christian  Religon  presented  in 
the  form  of  question  and  answer,  for  the  use  of  such  who  wish  to  make 
themselves  ready  for  the  fellowship  of  the  Reformed  Church,  and  for 
admission  to  the  Lord's  Holy  Supper.  Dated  Albany,  28  Oct.,  1700.  Pub- 
lished by  Bradford,  N.  Y. 

The  author  noticed  the  following  in  an  Amsterdam  paper  in  1898: 
"The  Publ.  Weekly  deelt  mede,  dat  een  exemplaar  van  het  oudste  Neder- 

*In  Council  Min.  ix.,  48,  June  13.  1702,  Lydius  is  styled,  "Minister  of 
D.R.C.  at  Schenectady."  His  son,  John  Henry  Lydius,  who  was  a  prominent 
Indian  trader  in  the  Colony  of  N.  Y.,  died  in  Kensington,  near  London  in 
1791,  aged  98,  having  retired  to  England  in  1776.  For  a  pleasing  obituary  of 
him  see  "Gentleman's  Magazine,"  vol.  61,  p.  383.  This  magazine  says  the  eon 
was  born  in  Albany  in  1794,  but  this  is  plainly  an  error.  It  adds  the  Lydius 
family  were  possessed  of  considerable  landed  property  under  the  original 
grant  from  James  I.,  among  others,  to  their  ancestor,  who  went  there  in  the 
capacity  of  a  missionary  to  convert  the  Indians.  The  grateful  natives  also 
added  to  these  domains  a  large  tract  of  country  in  those  parts.  These  Indian 
deeds  were  taken  to  Kensington,  England,  by  the  son  in  1776  covering  vast 
tracts  of  Central  New  York.  The  latter  was  familiar  with  'several  Indian 
dialects,  (Cherokee,  Choctaw,  Catabaw,)  and  was  a  counselor  of  Sir  Wm.  John- 
son, and  was  for  some  years  governor  at  Fort  Edward.  He  is  said  to  have 
visited  England  in  1776,  to  solicit  arrears  for  services  done  for  the  government 
and  moneys  expended,  but  ->lso  especially  to  visit  Holland,  the  home  of  his 
ancestors.  He  settled  2,700  tc  lilies  with  habitations,  and  directed  his  chil- 
dren when  he  left  America,  to  continue  to  show  the  same  humanity.  Ho 
spoke  Dutch,  French  and  English  fluently.  One  of  his  daughters  married  Cof 
Keyler,  and  another  married    Captain   Napier   Christie,   of   England.— See    also 

Doc.   Hist.  N.  Y.,  iii where  the  account  in  "Gentleman's  Magazine"  is  said 

to  be  exaggerated.  Col.  Hist.  N.  Y.  vi.  372,  385,  561,  569,  577.  603,  650  662  664 
982,  984,  986,  987,  994,  995;  vii.  29,  174,  456;  viii.  624;  ix.  1019-1021  1102-  x' 
42,  144,  146,  210,  215.  '  '       ' 


588  THE    MINISTRY. 

landsche  boek,  in  Amerika  gedrukt,  nu  in  t  bezit  gevonden  is  van  een 
rechterlijk  ambtenaar  to  Philadelphia.  Hct  is  een  catechismus  door  Jo- 
hannes Lydius  samengesteld  voor  nieuwe  lidmaten  der  Nederd.  gerefor- 
meerde  kerk.     De  titel  luidt : 

Het  boekje  is  gedrukt  te  New  York  bij  William  Bredford,  eersten 
boekdrukker  zoo  in  geheel  N.  Amerika  als  in  den  staat  New  York.  De 
voorrede  dateert  uit  Albany,  28  October,  1700. 

Tot  dusver  werd  voor  het  vroegst  in  Amerika  gedrukte  Nederlandsche 
boek  gehouden  een  Luthersche  catechismus  van  Justus  Falckner,  uit  het 
jaar  1708.  ("Nbl.  v.  d.  B."). 

This  rare  volume  is  now  in  the  library  of  Judge  Pennypacker  of  Phila- 
delphia, Pa. 

Lyell,  see  Lyall. 

Lyell,  James.     N.B.S.  1863,  d. 

Lyman-Wheaton,  Henry  Philip,  b.  Bedford,  England,  1S62;  studied  in 
England  and  on  the  Continent ;  (Assist.  Sec.  of  London  City  Mission, 
85-6,  Chatham,  Eng. ;  Presbyt.,  86-8,  also  Principal  of  Oxford  Acad- 
emy, 86-8,)  Ulster  Park,  (Esopus,)  N.Y.,  92-5,  Whitehouse,  N.J.,  95- 
1900.     M.D.     Ph.D. 

Publications:  "Life  and  Times  of  the  Prophet  Daniel." — "Short  Ser- 
mons for  Busy  Men." — "Sunday  Afternoons." — "Sunday  Afternoons  With 
the  Children."- — "The  Resurrection  Body  of  the  Saints";  and  other  ser- 
mons.— Articles  and  Poems  in  papers  and  magazines. 

Maar,  Charles,  b.  Po'keepsie,  N.Y.,  Sept.  6,  1864;  R.C.  89,  Aub.  Sem. 
92,  lie.  by  CI.  Po'keepsie;  Ovvasco  Outlet,  92-3,  Cobleskill  and  Law- 
yersville,  94-5,  Syracuse,  2d,  95-9,  Upper  Red  Hook,  1900 

Mabon,  Arthur  Frederic,  (son  of  Wm.  A.  V.  V.  Mabon,)  b.  at  New 
Durham,  N.J.,  June  3,  1869;  R.C.  1890,  N.B.S.  94.  lie.  CI.  N.B. ;  Tarry- 
town,  2d,  1894 

Publications  :  Address  at  Bicentennial  of  the  Old  Dutch  Ch.  of  Sleepy 
Hollow,  1897. 

Mabon,  John  S.,  b.   1784,  in  Scotland;   L'.C.   1806,  taught  in  Erasmus  Hall, 
1806-7,  in  Brooklyn,   1810-11,   N.B.S.   1812,  1.  CI.   N.B.   1812;  tutor  in 
Union  Col.   1814-15,  Rector  of  Grammar  School,  in  New  Brunswick, 
1817-25,  teacher  in  Morristown,  1826-8,  of  a  select  school,  in  Brooklyn, 
1828-30,  ord.  by  CI.  N.B.  Nov.  1828 ;  temporary  Prof,  of  Hebrew,  1818- 
19,  d.  1849. 
His  parents  belonged  to  the  Secession  Church  in  Scotland,  and  he  was 
reared  amid  associations  and  influences  favorable  to  an  early  acquaintance 
with  divine  truth.     At  the  age  of  nine,  he  became  the  subject  of  deep  and 
abiding  religious  impressions,  which,  diligently  cherished,  gave  a  promi- 
nent and  consistent  religious  complexion  to  his  character,  and  a  steadiness 
and  uniformity,  in  his  Christian  course,  which  afterward  ripened  into  the 
maturity  of  grace.     While  a  boy,  his  parents  emigrated  to  America,  and 
settled  at  Florida,  N.Y. 


THE    MINISTRY.  589 

He  was  a  most  diligent  student,  especially  in  the  languages,  searching 
the  original  Scriptures.  His  habits  were  evidently  and  eminently  devoted, 
and  the  truths  he  investigated  and  embraced  were  brought  by  him  in  the 
application  of  their  experimental  virtue.  Ardently  as  his  soul  had  desired 
the  ministry  of  the  gospel,  and  gratified  as  he  would  have  been  in  the 
prosecution  of  it,  he  was  induced  to  devote  himself  to  the  instruction  of 
youth,  from  the  consideration  that,  with  a  slender  constitution  and  feeble 
voice,  his  usefulness  might  be  impeded  or  shortened,  and  also  hoping  that 
his  training  fitted  him  for  instructing.  As  a  teacher,  he  was  industrious 
and  devoted,  active  and  thorough.  His  constitution  was  naturally  frail, 
and  he  was,  more  or  less,  a  sufferer  during  a  great  part  of  his  life.  For  his 
last  fifteen  years,  he  was  the  victim  of  a  bronchial  consumption.  But  he 
was  a  man  of  faith  and  of  patience  He  possessed  great  simplicity  and 
integrity  of  character,  was  most  conscientious,  firmly  adhering  to  his  con- 
victions of  duty.  He  was  an  Israelite  in  whom  there  was  no  guile.  His 
yea  was  yea,  and  his  nay  was  nay.  He  was  a  devout  man,  meditating  on 
the  word  of  God  with  constant  study,  and  continuing  instant  in  prayer. 
His  many  trials  contributed  to  the  culture  of  his  spiritual  life.  See 
"Sprague's  Annals." — Also  "N.B.  Sem.  Centennial,"  93,  101.  459. 

Mabon,  Wm.  Augustus  Van  Vranken,  (son  of  J.  S.  Mabon,)  b.  at  New 
Brunswick,  N.J.,  Jan.  24,  1822;  U.C.  40,  N.B.S.  44,  1.  and  ord.  CI.  Ber- 
gen ;  Miss,  to  Buffalo,  44-46,  New  Durham,  46-81,  Prof,  of  Did.  and 
Polemic  Theology,  New  Brunswick,  81-1892,  d.  Nov.  3.  D.D.  by  R.C 
1861.  Editor  of  "The  Sower,"  1878-9.  Superintendent  of  Public 
Schools,  Hudson  Co.,  N.J.,  1848-55,  Examiner  of  all  the  teachers  of 
Public  schools,   1848-65. 

Just  one-half  of  Dr.  Mabon's  life  was  spent  in  pastoral  work  at  New 
Durham,  and  his  ministry  there  was  an  eminently  successful  one.  It  was 
pursued  under  many  and  great  discouragements,  arising  from  the  peculiar 
nature  of  the  field  ;  but  he  proved  the  power  of  faithful,  systematic,  and 
persistent  work  when  blessed  by  God's  grace.  The  church  grew  in  num- 
bers and  efficiency,  and  became  a  great  power  in  a  locality  which  was 
rapidly  filling  up  with  heterogeneous  and  unpromising  materials.  His 
work  was  not  confined  to  his  own  church.  His  heart  and  hands  were  in 
mission  work.  He  was  quick  to  discern  where  a  Sunday-school  or  mission 
ought  to  be  established,  and  was  prompt  in  action.  He  was  alive  to  the 
education  of  the  young,  the  observance  of  the  Sabbath,  and  everything 
bearing  on  public  morals  and  social  order.  He  believed  in  the  right  teach- 
ing and  training  of  the  rising  generation.  He  filled  for  a  number  of  years 
the  office  of  County  Superintendent  of  Public  Schools,  and  rendered  therein 
valuable  services.  He  was  ever  on  the  alert  for  promising  boys  and  young 
men,  preparing  many  for  college  in  his  own  house.  These  became  men  of 
prominence  and  usefulness,  and  some  of  them  able  and  successful  minis- 
ters of  the  gospel. 

His  preaching  was  thoroughly  evangelical  and  never  lacked  the  prac- 
tical element,  even  when  he  discussed  high  doctrinal  themes  ;  for  he  be- 
lieved  that   sound   practice  cannot   be   severed  from    sound   doctrine.     He 


590  THE    MINISTRY. 

never  lost  sight  of  the  conscience  and  will.  He  usually  spoke  without 
notes,  and  was  earnest  and  impressive  in  his  delivery,  and  simple  and 
perspicuous  in  his  style.  As  a  pastor  he  was  wise,  sympathetic  and  inde- 
fatigable. As  Professor  of  Theology  he  did  his  work  well.  He  thoroughly 
understood  his  subjects,  and  was  able  to  make  others  understand  them. 
He  was  emphatically  a  teacher,  and  students  were  stimulated  by  him  to 
further  study.  He  loved  and  taught  the  doctrines  of  the  Reformation. 
He  took  a  deep,  personal  interest  in  all  his  students,  and  did  not  easily 
lose  sight  of  them.  His  life  was  so  filled  with  practical  work  that  he 
found  little  time  to  indulge  in  literary  work.  He  was  of  a  cheerful  dis- 
position;  fond  of  meeting  his  friends;  a  good  conversationalist;  fond  of 
nature  and  of  travel;  fend  of  outdoor  life.  He  took  great  delight  in  the 
cultivation  of  fruits  and  dowers.     He  enjoyed  life. 

In  estimating  his  life-work,  hardly  can  too  much  emphasis  be  given  to 
hi>  rare  business  tact.  He  had  sanctified  common  sense  which  in  any  call- 
ing would  have  given  him  success.  This  made  him  so  efficient  in  planting 
and  building  up  churches,  and  in  leading  young  men  to  devote  themselves 
t..  the  Lord.  In  these  directions  but  few  ministers  have  accomplished 
more.  His  little  mission  church  at  New  Durham  became  a  very  mother 
of  churches.  No  less  than  seventeen  sanctuaries,  in  connection  with  thir- 
teen regularly  organized  churches,  are  the  fruits  of  his  wise  counsels.  To 
him  is  likewise  due  in  large  measure  the  successful  founding  of  the  Suydam 
St.  Church.  New  Brunswick,  and  the  Highland  Park  Church.  Some  of 
those  whom  he  inspired  with  evangelical  zeal  and  sent  forth  into  the  min- 
istry are  James  H.  Ballagh.  of  Japan,  and  Rev.  H.  G.  Underwood,  of 
Corea.  See  also  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1893.  Sqo  ;  and  "Biog.  Notices  of 
Grads.  R.C.,"  1893.  11. 

l'i  r.i. [cations  :  "Our  Duties  to  the  Young  in  the  Home  and  the  Church.'' 
1870. — Thanksgiving  Sermon  on  the  "Bible  in  the  Common  Schools." — 
A  Sermon  before  the  Partic.  Syn.  of  New  Brunswick.  1870.— A  Sermon 
at  New  Durham.  1875. — "Resemblance  of  Ecc.  Polity  of  Ref.  Ch.  to  that 
of  Our  Country."  In  "Centennial  Dis.,"  1876. — Memorial  of  Mr.  Jas. 
Brown.  "Obstacles  to  Union  and  Methods  of  Overcoming  Them";  at 
Conf.  between  Dutch  and  German  Chs.,  Philadelphia,  1888.— Inaugural 
Vddress  as  Prof.  Theology.  [881. — "Recollections  of  Dr.  W.  H.  Campbell." 
in  memorial.  75.— Sketches  of  Dr.  S.  V  Van  Vranken  and  Rev.  I  S. 
Malum;  in  "Centen.  N.B.S.,"  444.  459- 

Me  \dam,  H.  P.  Lodi.  N.Y.,  1871-84.  He  pub.  a  Hist.  Sketch  of  Ch.  Lodi, 
N.Y.,  in  "Ovid  Independent,"  Aug.  30,  1876. 

Maeardell,  George  Eddy.  b.  at  Ncwhurgh.  1836;  U.C.  Alton  Sem.  111.  — ; 
(in  Presbyt.  chs.  1870-88):  New  Salem.  X.Y.,  88-92,  Boght,  92-94, 
Schagticoke.  94-97.     Died  Aug.  15,  1899.     See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1900, 

897. 
McCartney,   Geo.    Rensselaer,    1849-57,    Northumberland    and    Gansevoort, 

1857-63,   (Presbyt.). 
Maeauley,  John  Magoffin,  b.   Schenectady,    X.Y.,   Aug.  31.  1813  :   U.Pa..  34. 

P.S.  37,  «>rd.  S.  CI.  X.Y..   \P   15,  38.  South  Dutch,  N.Y.C.,  38-61.  w.  c. 


THE    MINISTRY.  591 

(in  Ireland)  ;  Woodside,  N.J.,  72-80,  S.S.  Presb.  Ch.  Arlington,  N.J., 
80-2,  w.  c.    Died  July  4.  1891.    D.D.  by  C.C.  1855. 
McBride,  Robert  I.,  Albany,  3d,  1898-9. 

McClelland,  Alex.,  b.  at  Schenectady,  1794;  U.C.  1809,  studied  under 
Mason,  lie.  by  Assoc.  Ref.  Presbyt.  1815,  N.Y.C.  Rutgers  St.  Presbyt. 
15-22,  Prof,  of  Logic,  Metaphysics  and  Bel.  Let.  in  Dickinson  Col. 
22-9,  Prof,  of  Langs,  in  Rutgers  Col.  29-32,  Prof,  of  Evidences  of 
Christianity  in  Rutgers  Col.  1840-51,  Prof.  Oriental  Lit.  in  R.C.  33-64. 
Prof,  of  Oriental  Langs,  and  Lit.  in  New  Brunswick  Sem.  32-51,  d. 
1864,  Dec.  19. 

He  was  remarkable  for  the  keenness,  breadth,  and  force  of  his  mind.  He 
had  the  faculty  of  concentrating  all  his  powers  on  a  given  subject.  What- 
ever he  undertook,  he  was  "totus  in  illis."  His  robust  intellect  abhorred 
vagueness,  guesswork,  and  skimming  over  the  surface  of  a  subject.  He 
spared  no  pains,  and  was  rewarded  with  corresponding  success. 

Few  men  in  the  pulpit  were  so  widely  popular,  among  all  classes,  as  he 
was.  He  preached  the  old  gospel,  but  it  was  with  ever  new  freshness  and 
force,  and  with  an  individuality  of  statement  and  application  peculiar  to 
himself.  Much  was  due  to  the  brilliancy  of  his  flashing  eye.  the  manifold 
resources  of  his  sonorous  and  musical  voice,  the  naturalness  and  energy  of 
his  whole  action  in  the  pulpit,  all  of  which  were  greatly  enhanced  by  his 
habit  in  the  early  years  of  speaking  "memoriter."  The  whole  discourse 
was  so  thoroughly  mastered  that  he  obtained  the  '"'ars  celare  artem,"  and 
uttered  his  words  with  as  much  freedom  as  if  they  were  born  of  the  mo- 
ment. Voice  and  manner  were  wholly  unconstrained,  yet  they  were  per- 
fectly adapted  to  the  occasion.  But  these  alone  would  never  have  produced 
the  effect  always  wrought  by  his  efforts.  He  was  clear,  connected,  and 
thorough  in  his  treatment  of  a  subject.  He  was  powerful  in  statement, 
having  the  instructive  gift  of  putting  the  right  word  in  the  right  place. 
Often  his  utterances  were  as  pregnant  as  those  of  Bacon  in  the  Essays. 
For  example,  to  set  forth  the  impossibility  of  our  Maker's  ever  being  un- 
der inducement  to  depart  from  the  truth,  he  said.  "Power  never  lies." 

His  extensive  reading  furnished  him  with  a  range  of  illustration  not  often 
equaled  in  breadth  and  appropriateness,  and  his  fine  imagination  gave  him 
a  singular  power  of  reproducing  the  past  or  the  distant,  for  the  present 
impression  of  his  hearers.  His  topics  covered  the  whole  range  of  homi- 
letics ;  but  whatever  the  theme,  the  arrangement  was  lucid,  the  argument 
logical,  the  style  clear  as  crystal,  the  main  point  held  steadily  in  view,  and 
at  times,  when  the  occasion  prompted,  a  burst  of  eloquence  carried  the 
whole  audience  captive. 

His  prayers  were  noted  for  simplicity,  humility,  reverence,  and  the  apt 
and  abundant  use  of  Scripture  phraseology.  His  reading  of  the  word  of 
God  was  an  intellectual  treat.  What  distinctness  of  utterance,  what  power 
of  expression,  what  variety  of  tone,  what  profound  reverence  of  manner! 
"Come,  boys,  let  us  go  to  prayers  this  evening  and  hear  Dr.  Mac.  read 
Job,"  used  to  say  a  theological  student  to  his  comrades. 

But  his  fame  as  a  preacher  was  far  outstripped  by  his  success  as  a  pro- 


592  THE    MINISTRY. 

fessor.  Every  student  felt  and  showed  the  influence  of  a  teacher  whose 
own  enthusiasm  enkindled  that  of  the  class,  and  made  the  abstrusest  and 
dryest  of  themes  attractive.  He  gave  young  men  the  mastery  over  their 
own  minds,  imparted  the  secrets  of  mental  discipline,  and  instead  of  storing 
them  with  acquisitions,  put  them  in  the  way  of  making  acquisitions  for 
themselves,  while  life  should  last.  He  was  an  unequaled  teacher  of  He- 
brew. Hardly  a  young  man  could  graduate  from  the  New  Brunswick 
Seminary  without  being  well  grounded  in  that  language.  He  also  taught 
them  how  to  read,  study,  and  think.  Even  the  dullest  minds  he  roused  as 
with  the  blast  of  a  trumpet. 

In  exegesis  he  was  masterly.  The  ordinary  canons  of  interpretation  he 
explained  and  enforced  with  power,  but  the  varied  capacities  of  his  mind 
were  best  exhibited  in  commenting  upon  the  great  apostle,  or  on  Isaiah. 
His  logical  acumen  was  grandly  developed  while  dealing  with  the  former, 
while  in  the  case  of  the  latter,  the  sympathy  of  his  own  soaring  genius 
with  the  eloquent  seer  enabled  him  to  enter  into  and  display  the  full  force 
of  those  lofty  oracles.  He  had  infirmities  of  temper,  which  were  greatly 
aggravated  by  the  inroads  of  disease.  Dullness  in  his  pupils  was  most  an- 
noying to  him.  He  read  the  English  Bible  for  devotion,  lest  this  use  of  it 
should  be  absorbed  in  the  current  of  his  critical  investigations.  He  talked 
instructively  and  suggestively  on  every  topic,  and  at  times  with  deepest 
feeling  on  matters  of  experimental  religion. — See  "Mag.  R.D.C."  i.  310: 
ii.  19,  23,  45.  Sketch  of  Life  prefixed  to  a  vol.  of  his  Sermons.  Fourteen 
articles,  "Reminiscences  of  Dr.  McClelland,"  by  Dr.  Chambers,  in  "Chris- 
tian Int.."  beginning  Jan.  11,  1872.  "McClintock's  Cyc."  Fun.  Ser.  by 
Rev.  Dr.  Gordon. — Sketch  of,  by  Dr.  T.  W.  Chambers  ;  in  "Centennial  of 
N.B.  Sem.,"  449. 

Puhlications  :  "Vindication  of  the  Religious  Spirit  of  the  Age."  1820. 
(Also  printed  in  Ebaugh's  "Heavenly  Incense.") — "The  Marriage  Ques- 
tion." Doctrine  of  Incest.  1826.  2d  ed.  1827.  (This  was  also  pub.  in 
part  under  pseudonym  "Domesticus,"  in  "Mag.  R.D.C."  i.  310.  Reviewed. 
"Mag.  R.D.C."  ii.  19,  23,  45.) — "Spiritual  Renovation  Connected  with 
the  Use  of  Means."  In  two  parts.  1834. — "Plea  for  a  Standing  Ministry, 
Ps.  74:9.  (Printed  also  in  Ebaugh's  "Heavenly  Incense.") — Manual  of 
Sacred  Interpretation,"  i8mo,  pp.  168.  1842.  (Labagh,  I.  P."). — Second  ed. 
called  "Canon  and  Interpretation  of  Scripture.  18.  .  (See  "Princeton 
Rev."  xxii.  333.) — A  Volume  of  Sermons.  Posthumous.  1867.  ("Princeton 
Rev."  xxxix.  318.) 

McClelland,  Thomas  Calvin,  b.  N.Y.C  June  10.  1869:  N.Y.U.  89:  U.T.S. 
92;  ord.  by  N.  CI.  L.I.,  June  II,  1892:  Bushwick,  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  92-3: 
Brooklyn,  North,  93-6;  (Lect.  Brooklyn  Miss.  Inst.  1893-5:  Congrega- 
tionalist.) 

McClure,  Alex.  Wilson,  b.  in  Boston,  1808;  Y.C.  and  A.C.  1827.  A.S.  1830: 
(Maiden,  Mass.,  1830-41.  St.  Augustine,  Florida,  1841-4,  Ed.  of  "Chris- 
tian Observatory,"  1844-7,  Assist.  Ed.  "Puritan  Recorder."  1844-7. 
Maiden,  1848-52,)  Jersey  City,  1st,  1852-5,  Cor.  Sec.  Am.  and  For.  Ch 
Union,  1855-8,  Chaplain  at  Rome,  Italy.  1856,  d.  1865.    D.D. 


THE    MINISTRY. 


593 


He  was  great-grandson,  on  his  mother's  side,  of  Rev.  John  Morehead, 
first  Presbyterian  minister  at  Boston.  His  fondness  for  reading  was  re- 
markable from  his  youth.  During  the  last  term  of  his  senior  year  in  col- 
lege he  was  a  very  marked  subject  of  a  powerful  revival,  and  he  at  once 
devoted  himself  to  the  ministry.  His  labors  in  his  first  charge  were  largely 
blessed  and  the  church  greatly  strengthened.  In  Florida  he  also  labored 
among  the  military  then  stationed  there  with  great  assiduity,  and  also  in  a 
general  way  in  the  cause  of  temperance,  until  the  guard-house  became 
nearly  useless.  A  number  of  the  soldiers  who  afterward  fell  in  the  Mexican 
War  were  the  happy  subjects  of  converting  grace  through  his  labors.  He 
was  chosen  to  succeed  Dr.  Baird  in  the  American  and  Foreign  Christian 
Union.  At  the  great  anniversaries  in  London  and  Paris  he  represented  this 
Society.  He  secured,  after  great  labor,  the  erection  of  the  chapel  in  Paris 
for  Protestant  worship.  (Mason,  E.).  In  March,  1859,  while  at  Rutland, 
Vt.,  he  was  suddenly  attacked  by  asthma  and  disabled  from  active  labors. 

He  was  a  man  of  great  and  varied  learning,  a  true  scholar.  He  knew 
something  valuable  in  every  department  of  knowledge,  while  in  many 
things  he  went  deep.  Bacon's  "Novum  Organon"  was  familiar  to  him,  and 
works  of  that  class  were  comprehended  by  him  with  wonderful  facility. 
No  man  ever  had  a  greater  range  of  illustrative  incidents  in  history  and  in 
literature  generally,  and  they  fitted  so  aptly  for  his  purpose  that  they 
seemed  created  for  his  use.  He  had  a  superabounding  wit.  His  conver- 
sation sparkled  with  brilliant  remarks,  keen  satire,  playful  imagery,  quota- 
tions from  almost  every  source,  especially  the  sayings  of  great  and  good 
men  among  the  ancients,  and  a  vivid  perception  of  the  false  and  wrong, 
with  an  unsparing  delineation  of  it.  together  with  a  brimming  admiration 
of  what  was  excellent ;  all  this  made  him  a  most  agreeable  and  profitable 
companion.  His  friendships  and  personal  attachments  were  very  ardent ; 
he  was  a  faithful,  disinterested  friend  ;  he  never  shirked  duty :  and  when 
his  presence  and  influence  were  needed  in  adversity,  he  was  as  bold  as  a 
lion  in  defending  those  who  were  unjustly  assailed,  while  he  could  in  a 
masterly  way  and  by  a  few  words  expose  the  pretentious  and  lay  bare  a 
sophism. 

He  was  also  a  truly  devotional  man.  Listening  to  his  facetiousness, 
which  would  keep  a  company  excited  with  mirth,  one  would  be  greatly 
struck,  on  hearing  him  pray,  with  the  deep  reverence  and  awe.  and  the 
earnest  supplicatory  tone  of  his  prayer.  He  was  a  godly  man,  a  sound 
divine,  a  trenchant  controversialist,  (as  witness  his  unparalleled  "Lectures 
on  Universalism,"  a  theological  classic,  unanswered  and  unanswerable, 
solemn,  mirth-provoking,  severe,  good-natured,  argumentative,  and  full  of 
incident;)  and  withal  he  was  truly  a  Christian  gentleman.  Marvelous 
were  his  sufferings  during  many  years  ;  but  God  has  chosen  hiin  in  the  fur- 
nace, and  there  are  few  who  have  been  better  prepared  to  appreciate  and 
enjoy  the  holiness  and  bliss  of  heaven. — Dr.  N.  Adams,  in  "Boston  Re- 
corder," Nov.,  1865.  See  "Abbot's  Corner-Stone. "  for  his  own  account  of 
his  religious  experience. 

Publications:  "The  Life-Boat"  •  an  Allegory.— Four  Lectures  on  Ul- 
tra-Universalism. — "Lives  of  the   Chief  Fathers  of  New   England."     Two 


594  THE    MINISTRY'. 

vols. — "The  Translators  Revived."  1853. — Editorials  in  "Christian  Ob- 
servatory."— A  half-dozen  articles  in  "New  Brunswick  Review,"  especially 
that  on  Rev.  Elias  Van  Benschoten. — Art.  on  "Native  Depravity"  in  "Lit. 
and  Theol.  Rev." — "The  School  Question" :  Correspondence  between  Rev. 
J.  Kelly  (Romanist,)  of  St.  Peter'-  Ch.,  Jersey  City,  and  Dr.  McCiure. 
1852. 

McCiure,  John.     N.B.S.  1822,  lie.  CI.  X.B. ;  Spotswood,  1822-5,  d. 

McCorkle,  Wm.  R.     S.S.  Nyack,  1879-81. 

McCready,  Robert  H.,  Montgomery.  X.Y.,  1890-4. 

McCullom,  Edward  A.,  Schnylerville,  1886-91. 

McCully,   Edgar  Ireland,    (grandson   of   Rev.   John   C.    Cruikshank),   b. 

Paterson,   N.J.,  June  28,   1869;   R.C.   1894,   N.B.S.  97,  1.   CI.   Passaic; 

Schodack,  1897-1900,  Germantown,  N.Y.,  1900 

McDermond,  C.  H.     Philadelphia.  4th,  1875,  suspended,  1877. 

McDowell,  Robt,  b.  1760-70;  lie.  CI.  Albany,  1790;  Bay  of  Cante,  Canada, 

1798-1800,  Adolphustown.   Earnestown,  and  Fredericksburgh,   Canada, 

1800-19,  (pastor  of  the  same  churches,  Presbyt.,  1819-35  ?).    Died  1841, 

after  fifty-one  years  of  ministerial  labor. 
He  entered  Canada  by  way  of  Niagara,  from  Albany,  in  1798,  five  years 
after  the  organization  of  the  Presbytery  of  Montreal.  His  principal  field 
of  labor  was  at  Fredericksburgh,  but  he  itinerated  constantly,  and  his 
labors  were  abundantly  blessed.  He  sowed  the  seeds  of  true  religion  over 
a  wide  region,  and  kept  alive  many  small  congregations  which  might  other- 
wise have  become  extinct.  In  his  prime  he  was  a  powerful  man,  and  well 
fitted,  both  physically  and  mentally,  to  be  a  pioneer.  He  loved  the  old 
orthodox  faith.  The  Classis  of  Albany  commissioned  him  to  labor  in  Upper 
and  Lower  Canada.  Besides  caring  for  his  regular  churches,  he  labored  in 
Richmond  and  Camden  townships,  and  from  time  to  time,  until  1811,  trav- 
eled down  the  St.  Lawrence  98  miles  to  preach,  until  a  missionary  from 
England,  Rev.  Mr.  Smart,  relieved  him.  Also  once  a  year,  until  1819,  he 
traveled  186  miles  west  to  Toronto  and  Newmarket  when  a  seceding  minis- 
ter from  the  United  States  settled  in  those  parts.  His  field  of  labor  was 
for  a  long  time  282  miles  in  length.  Before  1820,  in  that  whole  region, 
there  were  only  three  Episcopal  ministers,  two  Lutheran,  four  Baptist  and 
several   Methodist   ministers. 

See  his  letter,  1839,  describing  his  early  labors,  in  "Presb.  Year-Book" 
for  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  1S75,  pp.  [9,  _>o,  82.  S3.  "Doe.  Hist."  iii.  683. 
See  also  "Centennial  Discs."  510  Several  ^i  his  sermons  were  printed. 
He  was  the  father  . .f  Rev.  John  R.  McDowell,  (U.C.  1S28,  P.  S.  1829.  Miss 
in  N.Y.C..  d.  1836.)  whose  "Memoir"  and  "Seket  Remains"  were  published 
in  N.  Y.  1S38.  The  latter  is  styled  on  the  title-page,  "The  Martyr  of  the 
Seventh  Commandment." 
McEckron,  Geo.  M.     U.C.  1848;   Poughkeepsie,  \S5B-67,  (N.Y.C.  Presbyt. 

1868.) 
McFarlane,  Jas.    Bloomingdale  and  Rosendale,  1843-5.  Canajoharie,  1 S 45  8, 

English  Neighborhood.  1840-5;.  F.sopus,  1855-61,  (Presbt.,)  d.    1871. 


THE    MINISTRY.  595 

McGibbon,  A.  W.     Shandaken  and  Shokan,  1883-6. 

McGiffert,  W.  Henry,  b.  1836,  Aub.  Sem.  58,  lie.  Presb.  Utica ;   (Boonville, 

N,Y.,  58-..),  Blooming  Grove,  N.Y.,  83.     Died  Dec.  26,   1888.     See 

"Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1889,  915. 
McGregor,  Ed.  R.    N.Y.U.  1843,  from  2d  Presbyt.  N.Y.,  1854;  Livingston 

Ch.,  N.Y.C.,  1855;  Presbyt. 
McIntyre,  Joseph,  Cold  Spring,  1899-1901. 

Mackay,  Donald  Sage,  (son  of  Rev.  Wm.  Murray  Mackay,  and  grandson 
of  Rev.  Donald  Sage,  both  of  Scotland,)  b.  in  Glasgow,  Nov.  20,  1863; 
University  of  Glasgow,  89;  New  College,  Edinburgh;  (lie.  by  Presbyt. 
of  Glasgow ;  ord.  by  Cong.  Ch.  in  Vermont,  U.S.  90 ;  St.  Albans,  Vt, 
90-94;)  Newark,  North  Refd.,  94-9.  New  York  Collegiate,  Fifth  av. 
and  Forty-eighth  st.,  1899 D.D.  by  R.C.  1895. 

McKee,  Joseph,  b.  Ireland,  1805;  Belf.  Col.  1829;  U.T.S.  1844-5;  (ord. 
Presbyt.  North  River,  May  25.  1848;  teaching,  N.Y.C.  1847-8;  S.S.  in 
N.Y.C.  1847-8,  Peekskill,  1848-51,)  West  Ch.,  Sixth  av.,  N.Y.C,  1852- 
8 :  teaching  N.Y.C,  1859,  in  Newark,  N.J  ,  1860-3,  d.  Aug.  10. 

McKelvey,  Alex.,  b.  in  Ireland,  Nov.  28,  1827:  R.C.  55,  N.B.S.  58,  1.  CI. 
N.B. ;  Irvington,  58-60,  Totowa,  1st,  60-5,  Coxsackie  Landing,  65-6, 
Rector  of  Grammar  School,  New  Brunswick,  66-7,  Greenpoint,  67-72, 
in  Europe,  72-3,   ( Westfield,  Presbyt.  74-6,  N.Y.C,  Canal  St.,  77-82,) 

Athenia,  N.J.,  82-3,  (2d  Presbyt.  Jersey  City,  83-92,)  Boonton,  1894 

Publications:  Numerous  Arts,  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  including  Correspond- 
ence from  Europe,  1872-3;  in  "N.  Y.  Observer";  "N.  Y.  Evangelist";  and 

other  papers. — Also  several  sermons  and  addresses. 

McKelvey,  John,  b.  in  Covenary,  Ireland,  1801 ;  Belfast  Col.  1821,  N.B.S. 
1827;  Miss,  to  Argyle,  Fort  Miller,  and  Wilton,  1827,  Niskayuna  and 
Amity,  1827-30,  deposed,  183 1 ;  at  Port  Hope,  Canada,  where  he  died 
a  few  years  later.    See  Manual  of  1879. 

MacKensie,  Thos.  Hanna,  b.  Sewickley,  Pa.,  Nov.  18,  1867;  Wms.  Col. 
Jun.  year;  Monmouth  Col.,  Ind.,  88,  P.S.  91,  lie.  Presb.  Argyle  (UP.) 
90;  ord.  Presb.  N.Y.  (U.P.)  Dec  90;  (Pine  Bush,  N.Y..  UP.,  90-6), 
Port  Jervis,  1896 — ■ — 

McKinley,  G.  A.     S.S.  Owasco  Outlet,  1877. 

McLaren,  Malcolm  N.  U.C  1824 ;  Brooklyn  Central,  1847-9,  Newburgh. 
1850-9. 

McLean,  Chas.  G,  from  Presbyt.  Newcastle,  1844  ;  Fort  Plain,  1844-51. 

McLean,  Robt,  from  England,  1822;  Miss,  in  the  neighborhood  of  Broad- 
way and  Canal  St.,  1824,  Broome  St.,  N.Y.C,  1824-6,  returned  to  Great 
Britain  and  preached  in  Liverpool,  d.  1850. 

McLeod,  Thos.,  b.  Castleblaney,  Ireland,  July  5,  1848;  C.N.J.  70,  P.S.  73, 
lie.  Pres.  N.B.  72;  (Sandy  Hill,  N.Y.,  73-4,  Batavia,  N.Y.,  74-7.  both 
Presbyt.,)  Hudson.  N.Y:,  78-9,  (Clinton  Av.,  Brooklvn,  Cong.,  1880 
)  D.D.  by  C.N.J.  1890, 

MacMillan,  Homer,  b.  Cedarville,  Ohio,  Dec.  20,  1873 ;  Cedarville  Coll. 
97,  N.B.S.  1900,  1.  CI.  Orange;  Bogart  Memorial  Ch..  Bogota,  N.J., 
1000 


596  THE    MINISTRY. 

McMurray,    Wm.,  b.   in   Salem,   1784;   U.C.   1804.   tutor  in   U.C.    1800-7,   1. 
Assoc.   Ref.   1808;    (Lansingburgh,   1808-11,)    Rhinebeck   Flats.   12-20, 
N.Y.C.,  Market  St.,  20-35,  d.     S.T.D.  by  C.C.  1852;  D.D.  by  U.C.  1853. 
Few  have  evinced  a  greater  purity,  loveliness  of  character,  consistency, 
and  fidelity  in  every  part  of  Christian  and  ministerial  duty,  and  few  have 
displayed  1.   more   instructive,   peaceful   death-bed.     An   affectionate   confi- 
dence and  respect  from  the  whole  community  centered  on  him,  and  he  died 
lamented  and  honored  by  all. 

His  parents  were  eminent  for  their  piety,  and  wished  him  to  preach  the 
gospel,  and  much  of  his  superior  ripeness  in  piety  was  derived  from  that 
unction  which  pervaded  the  walk  and  conversation  of  his  parents.  Dis- 
cretion, soundness  of  judgment,  a  sweet  and  soorhing  influence  in  his 
manners  and  conduct  peculiarly  his  own.  were  prominent  characteristics. 
His  power  was  often  felt,  not  only  in  calming  the  troubled  mind,  but  in 
scenes  of  debate;  where  warmth  of  argument  was  rising  too  high,  his  voice 
would  fall  like  oil  to  calm  the  rising  tempest.  He  was  kind  toward  all, 
affectionate  to  those  he  loved,  and  thus  qualified  peculiarly  for  usefulness 
among  the  young  of  his  flock  whose  hearts  were  allured  to  religion  by  his 
friendly  smile.  Of  his  death,  says  Dr.  Mathews :  "I  never  saw  a  death- 
bed scene  of  such  varied  joys,  such  wonderfully  enlarged  views  of  divine 
truth  and  of  the  promises  which  reveal  it,  such  an  entire  superiority  to 
every  earthly  tie  and  feeling.  His  spirit  often  seemed  to  have  soared  away 
so  far  toward  heaven  as  to  have  lost  all  view  of  earthly  cares,  and  to  be 
waiting  with  its  eyes  fixed  upward,  and  upward  only,  for  the  signal  that 
would  call  it  to  its  heavenly  home." — See  "Sprague's  Annals." 

Publications  :  Ser.  before  Am.  Col.  Soc.  1825. — Remarks  on  the  Letter 
of  "Domesticus,"  (McClelland.)  concerning  Incest,  etc..  under  pseudonym 
'"Veritas."  1827. — Ser.  on  the  "Death  of  Col.  Rutgers."  1830. — Ser.  on 
the  "Death  of  Aaron  Hand."  1831.— A  Ser.  before  A.B.C.F.M.  1833.— 
"Responsibilitv,  as  applied  to  the  Professions  and  Callings  of  Daily  Life." 
1856. 

M(  Nair,  John-  Lonc,  b.  Churchill,  Pa.;  R.C.  1850,  N.B.S.  53,  1.  S.C.  L.I. ; 
Oyster  Bay,  53-5,  Marbletown.  55-9,  Acting  Sec.  Bd.  Ed.  59-60,  Mar 
bletown,  60-8,  Miss,  pastor  at  Fulton  St.  Ch.,  N.Y.C..  68-71.  (Watkins, 
Preshyt..  71-75.)  Bedminster,  76-92,  Rochester  (Ulster  Co..)  92-1902. 

McNair.  William,  b.  Stone  Ridge.  N.Y..  Sept.  23.  1859:  R.C.  81.  P.S  So. 
1.  Presb.  Newark.  85:  (Westminster  Ch.,  York,  Pa..  S6-90:  Prof,  of 
Latin  in  Whitworth  College:  Atlantic  Highlands.  N.J.,  90-2.)  Potters- 
ville.   (S.S.)    1898 

McNeil.  Archibald,  united  with  Seceders,  1823,  Owasco,  1823-4,  Ovid, 
183. (?) 

McNeish,  David,  b.  in  Scotland,    1820:   R.C.  41,  N.B.S.  44.  1.  CI.   N.Y.: 
Centreville,  Mich.,  44-6,  Centreville  and  Constantine,  46.   Constantinc. 
46-9,  South  Bend.  49-52,  Constantine.  52-4.  d. 
Educated  by  the  beneficence  of  the   Church,   he   determined   to  go   and 

labor  jusl  where  the  Church  might  send  him.    He  was  scut   to  the  Western 

field,    where   he    spent    his    life,    sometimes    engaged    in    building   up    new 


THE    MINISTRY.  597 

churches  and  sometimes  infusing  new  life  into  old.  His  record  is  written 
in  alternate  trials  and  triumphs,  discouragements  and  successes.  He  en- 
dured hardness  as  a  good  soldier  of  Jesus  Christ.  He  was  emphatically 
a  sustainer  of  his  brethren.  When  some  were  disposed  to  give  up  the 
Western  field,  his  zeal  burned  the  more  intensely  for  it.  His  mental  abili- 
ties were  of  a  high  order.  He  was  a  close  and  acute  observer,  quick  in  his 
perceptions,  and  clear  and  discriminating  in  his  views.  His  mind  was  com- 
prehensive and  versatile,  and  his  temperament  ardent,  impulsive,  and  de- 
cided. His  qualities  were  of  that  positive  order  which  always  give  promi- 
nence both  to  a  man's  virtues  and  failings.  He  was  no  cold  speculator  in 
morals  or  theology,  but  a  practical,  common  sense,  warm-hearted  man. 
His  views  of  the  great  system  of  gospel  truth  were  broad  and  deep.  His 
preaching  was  solid  and  practical,  argumentative  and  persuasive.  His 
early  natural  eloquence,  developed  into  a  genuine  and  soul-moving  oratory, 
was  wielded  in  the  pulpit  with  great  power.  It  was  perfectly  characteristic 
of  the  man,  now  moving  on  with  stormy  energy,  and  again  subsiding 
into  sweet-toned  strains  of  touching  eloquence.  In  the  pulpit,  there  was  a 
pervading,  awful  solemnity,  which  made  the  hearers  feel  that  it  was  no 
light  thing  to  appear  before  a  holy  God.  He  delighted  in  those  truths  of 
the  system  of  grace  which  are  the  strong  meat  of  the  ripe  believer.  His 
preaching  was  full  of  Christ,  uncompromising  toward  error,  faithful  to  the 
cross,  tender  to  the  sinner,  comforting  to  the  believer,  and  the  earnest 
utterance  of  his  own  warm  heart. 

MacQueen,  Peter,  b.  Wigtonshire,  Scotland,  Jan.  n,  1863;  C.N.J.  1887: 
U.T.S.  1890;  ord.  by  CI.  Westchester,  May  14,  1891 ;  S.S.  Bronxville, 
91-93,   (Somerville,  Mass.,  Cong.   (Day  Ch.)    1893 — — ) 

McWilliam,  Alex.,  b.  at  Stoney  Kirk,  Scotland,  Aug.  8,  1826;  U.C.  50, 
Assoc.  Ref.  Sem.,  now  United  Presbyt.  at  Newburgh,  55,  1.  by  Presbyt. 
of  Caledonia,  54;  (Graham  Ch.  Assoc.  Ref.  55-60,)  S.S.  Walpeck,  Oct. 
60-1,  June,  pastor,  61-70,  East  Millstone,  70-90,  supplying  churches. 

Publications:     Sermon  on  "Death  of  President  Garfield." — Sermon  at 
25th  Anniversary  of  Ch.  of  East  Millstone,  N.J. 

Madoulet,  J.  B.    Burlington,  111.,  1853-5. 

Mair,  Hugh,  b.  July  16,  1797,  at  New  Milno,  Scotland;  Univ.  Glasgow, 
1820;  lie.  by  Assoc.  Syn.  Secess.  Ch.  23;  Dom.  Miss.  Work  in  Scot- 
land, 23-8;  c.  to  America;  Miss,  to  Argyle  and  Fort  Miller,  Jan.  29, 
Northumberland,  29-31,  (Johnstown,  29-43,  Brockport,  44-5,  Warsaw, 
46-7,  Fergus,  Canada  West,  47-54,  d.  Nov.  1.). 

Magee,  Geo.  A.,  b.  in  Londonderry,  Ireland,  May  11.  1830;  c.  to  America, 
40;  studied  theology  with  Dr.  Krebs  of  N.Y.C. ;  1.  Presbyt.  N.Y.  18..  ; 
Williamsburgh,  L.I.,  18..-..,  Providence.  R.I.,  ;8..-..,  in  Maryland,) 
Ramapo,  71-5,  w.  c,  died  Jan.  16,  1878. 

Major,  John  W.,  b.  1825;  U.C.  30.  P.S.  53,  (Caledonia,  N.Y.,)  Boght, 
60-4:  (Presbyt.  again,)  d.  at  Palmyra,  May  10,  T869. 

Makely,  George  N.  Bethany  Chapel,  Brooklyn,  1896-1900,  (Cedar  Rapids, 
la.,   Presbyt.   1900 ) 


598  THE    MINISTRY. 

Mallery,  Charles  Gilbert,  b.  Milford,  Del.,  Nov.  21,  1869;  R.C.  96,  N.B.S. 
99,  1.  CI.  Po'keepsie;  Syracuse,  2d,  1899 

Malven,  Frank,  b.  Port  Jervis,  N.Y.,  Oct.  16,  1866;  R.C.  93,  N.B.S.  96, 
1.  CI.  Orange;  Assistant  pastor,  Harlem  Colleg.  Ch.  96-98,  College 
Point,  1898 

Manchee,  William,  b.  London,  Eng.,  July  30,  1841 ;  Hackney  Coll.  and 
Sem.,  London,  Eng.,  1866;  ord.  by  Congregationalists  in  Whitefield 
Chapel,  Drury  Lane,  London,  Feb.,  1866;  (Whitefield  Chapel,  London, 
66-7,  Cowbridge  Cong.  Ch.  Hertford,  67-72,  Guelph,  Canada,  Cong., 
73-9,  Plainfield,  N.J.,  1st  Cong.  79-84),  Lodi,  N.J.,  84-7,  Hoboken,  N.J., 
87-9,  Bayside,   L.I.,  90-1,  Clifton,  N.J.,  91-2,  Cherry  Hill,   N.J.,  91-3. 

Guttenberg,  1894 Also  Assoc.  Editor  of  "N.Y.  Observer,"  1887- 

1902. 

Mancius,  George  Wilhelmus,  b.  in  Duchy  of  Nassau,  Germany,  1706 ; 
studied  probably  at  some  German  University  in  the  vicinity;  Herborn 
Theological  Seminary,  1728-30 ;  ordained  by  some  German  Classis  or 
Consistory,  1730;  sailed  from  Amsterdam,  for  America  about  July  12 
(or  after).  1730;  in  Kaatsban,  Nov.  1730-Tune  1.  1731:  (was 
called  to  Schraalenberg  and  Paramus,  Dec.  2^,  1730)  ;  installed  at 
Schraalenberg,  Sept.  19,  1731 ;  at  Schraalenberg  and  Paramus,  Sept.. 
1731-1732;  called  to  Kingston,  as  colleague  of  Vas,  May,  1732;  at 
Kingston.  1732-62.  died  Sept.  6.  Also  supplied  Kaatsban,  1732-62,  and 
Rhinebeck,  1734-42;  also  occasionally  other  churches,  as  Deerpark, 
Minisink,  Walpack,  Smithfield,  etc. 

It  has  been  said  by  Dr.  J.  C.  F.  Hoes,  that  domine  Mancius  was  a  grad- 
uate of  Leyden  University,  but  his  name  does  not  occur  in  the  printed  Gen- 
eral Catalogues  of  Leyden,  Utrecht,  or  Groningen.  He  was  not  sent  by 
the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  but  probably  by  some  German  Classis  or  Con- 
sistory or  College  Faculty,  to  look  after  the  spiritual  interests  of  the  Pala- 
tines on  the  Hudson.  He  was  yet  in  Amsterdam  on  July  12,  1730,  but  at 
Kaatsban  in  November  of  same  year.  Strenuous  attempts  had  been  made 
to  Anglicize  the  Palatines,  (see  Haager,  Weiss)  ;  and  the  irregular  pro- 
ceedings of  John  Van  Driessen  had  also  produced  more  or  less  confusion 
at  both  East  and  West  Camp.  The  cause  of  the  mission  of  Mancius  to 
these  Palatines  is  probably  to  be  sought  in  German  correspondence  to  the 
Herborn  Seminary,  or  to  German  ecclesiastical  bodies  in  that  vicinity.  At 
any  rate,  Mancius  suddenly  appeared  upon  the  scene.  The  people  of  West 
Camp  were  largely  German,  but  there  were  Dutch  on  every  side.  The 
Lutheran  minister,  Kocherthal,  (see  Kocherthal,)  had  died  in  1719,  and 
Berkenmeyer  and  Falckner  had  officiated  more  or  less  regularly  at  Kaats- 
ban during  the  decade  preceding  the  arrival  of  Mancius.  Meantime  many 
of  the  Reformed  had  been  in  the  habit  of  going  to  Kingston  for  marriages 
and  baptisms  of  children.  But  some  of  the  West  Camp  colony  now  began 
to  move  back  from  the  river  a  few  miles  to  Kaatsban,  and  to  settle  there. 
Mancius,  observing  a  disposition  on  the  part  of  these  to  have  a  Reformed 
Church,  brought  it  about,  and  begins  a  record-book  on  Nov.  8,  1730.  "Ker- 
kenboek  voor  de  Gemeente  op  de  Kats  Baan  begonnen  in  het  jaar   1730 


THE   MINISTRY.  599 

den  8  Novemb,  door  haren  in  dien  tyd  (ordinaire)  Herder,  G.  W.  Mancius." 
Containing  the  Register  of  the  baptized  children  of  the  members  received, 
of  those  chosen  for  the  Consistory,  and  of  the  marriages.  The  entries  are 
in  the  handwriting  of  Mancius  from  1730-1762.  There  was  a  slight  inter- 
ruption to  his  ministry  here,  by  his  going  to  New  Jersey,  (see  dates  above). 
He  was  subsequently  called  to  Kingston,  but  continued  also  his  pastoral 
labors  at  Kaatsban.  (See  Hist.  Ulster  County,  p.  224.)  The  first  reference 
to  him  in  the  Amsterdam  Correspondence,  is  in  an  Extract,  in  the  Acts  of 
the  Deputies,  from  a  letter  of  the  ministers  in  New  York,  as  follows : 

"That  in  1730  there  had  arrived  there,  with  good  ecclesiastical  and  aca- 
demical and  ordination  (promotie)  certificates,  Domine  Georgius  Wilhelmus 
Mancius,  on  a  call,  without  their  knowledge  (the  knowledge  of  the  writ- 
ers), for  service  among  the  Germans  out  in  the  rural  lands  of  the  Prov- 
ince. He  had  also  been  received  into  their  brotherhood,  and  had  been 
helped  by  counsel  and  deed.  But  that  this  same  individual  had  been  called 
this  spring,  (1731)  to  Schraanlenberg  and  Paramus,  by  the  Low  Dutch. 
There,  he  is  getting  along  reasonably  well  in  the  Low  Dutch  language, 
with  a  satisfactory  attendance,  and  in  perfect  harmony  with  domine  Cur- 
tenius.  He  thus  gives  excellent  hopes  of  great  benefit  to  the  churches 
there,  upon  which  they  desire  the  Lord's  blessing."  1 

(Signed  by)  G.  Du  Bois,         j 

V.   Antonides, 
H.  Boel. 

The  original  of  this  letter  has  not  been  recovered,  but  the  above  is  one 
of  half  a  dozen  extracts,  given  in  the  "oratio  obliqua"  by  the  Deputies.  For 
another  reference  to  the  settlement  of  Mancius  in  New  Jersey,  see  Cur- 
tenius.  At  the  solicitation  of  the  ministers  in  New  York,  Mancius  wrote 
to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  on  A  p.  14,  1733.  offering  to  correspond  with 
said  Classis,  and  to  submit  to  its  decisions.  The  Classis  answers  him  on 
Oct.  5,  1733,  expressing  their  satisfaction  at  his  desire. 

He  was  a  remarkable  linguist  and  said  to  be  able  to  speak  nine  different 
languages,  although  his  pronunciation  of  the  Dutch  did  not  please  his 
Kingston  people,  and  in  his  call  there,  he  was  given  two  years  in  which 
to  perfect  his  knowledge  of  Dutch,  the  congregation  to  be  absolved  from 
the  payment  of  part  of  his  salary  if  this  were  not  done.  Before  the  time 
elapsed  he  overcame  the  difficulty  to  the  satisfaction  of  his  critical  auditors. 

His  venerable  colleague  was  so  abundantly  able  to  serve  the  church,  that 
Mancius  found  much  time  to  itinerate  through  the  valleys  of  the  Hudson, 
the  Rondout,  and  the  Wallkill,  founding  churches  and  supplying  them. 
He  even  journeyed  on  this  mission  into  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania,  and 
his  labors  were  very  successful.  No  one  in  colonial  days  extended  the  Re- 
formed Church  more  persistently  than  he.  In  this  work  his  remarkable 
linguistic  acquirements  were  of  the  greatest  service,  among  Germans, 
Dutch,  Huguenots,  and  English,  as  he  was  able  to  speak  to  each  in  the 
mother  tongue.  He  was  a  natural  leader,  of  commanding  influence,  pro- 
found learning  and  varied  scholarship. 

He  was  present  at  the  preliminary  meeting  for  a  Coc-fus,  Sept.  7.  1738,  and 


600  THE   MINISTRY. 

in  conjunction  with  Muzelius,  gave  good  reasons  why  a  Coetus  should  bo 
formed,  viz.,  that  the  pastors  are  responsible,  individually  and  collectively, 
for  the  best  welfare  of  the  Church;  that  the  Classical  Acta  say  that  the 
clergy  in  the  provinces  must  exercise  the  ministerial  office  and  ecclesiastical 
government  in  every  respect ;  that  all  the  congregations  which  have  minis- 
ters, except  two,  are  favorable  to  a  Coetus,  believing  that  it  does  not  conflict 
with  Scripture,  with  church  discipline,  nor  with  subordination  to  the  Classis 
of  Amsterdam ;  that  their  present  action  is  conditional,  and  to  be  approved 
by  the  Classis;  that  several  members  of  the  Classis  had  already  signified 
their  approbation  of  the  plan  in  writing;  and  that  the  Classis  itself  had 
encouraged  Haeghoort  and  Van  Driessen  to  bring  it  about ;  and  finally  that 
certain  Low  Dutch  ministers,  when  sent  to  the  Camp,  while  yet  in  Holland, 
had  an  order  "in  mandatis"  to  hold  a  Classis  in  the  Camp. —  ("Mints,  of 
Consist.,"  N.Y.,  Lib.  B.,  Eng.  Trans.    135.) 

His  anxiety  for  ecclesiastical  independence  is  also  evident  from  his  rela- 
tions to  Fryenmoet.  (Fryenmoet).  But  several  years  later  he  became 
strongly  opposed  to  these  efforts  for  independence,  and  was  unwilling  to 
recognize  the  acts  of  Coetus  as  binding.  When  the  student  Leydt,  by 
authority  of  Ccetus,  wished  to  exercise  his  gifts  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Kingston,  he  was  denied  permission  by  Mancius.  Indeed,  he  never  became 
reconciled  to  Coetus,  although  he  once  sent  in  charges  to  that  body  against 
Domine  J.  H.  Goetschius ;  but  they  were  not  entertained.  He  also  took 
sides  with  Arondeus  in  the  Long  Island  dispute,  and  when  the  Ccetus  split, 
at  the  proposition  to  form  a  Classis,  in  1753,  he  attached  himself  to  the  Con- 
ference party.  He  was  the  immediate  predecessor  of  Domine  Meyer,  of 
Kingston,  and  it  has  generally  been  represented  that  Meyer's  practical  and 
evangelical  preaching,  in  contrast  with  what  they  had  , been  accustomed  to, 
was  one  cause  of  Meyer's  troubles  in  Kingston.  But  it  is  claimed  by  the 
friends  of  Mancius  that  his  MS.  sermons,  left  behind  him.  show  this  to  be 
untrue;  that  these  prove  him  to  have  been  a  faithful,  learned,  industrious, 
and  zealous  preacher  of  the  gospel — one  who  did  not  fear  to  declare  the 
whole  counsel  of  God;  that  it  was.  on  the  other  hand,  his  opposition  to  an 
illiterate  ministry  and  to  heresy,  his  independence  in  reproving  vice,  and  his 
general  zeal  and  fidelity,  which  induced  certain  of  his  enemies  to  misrepre- 
sent him.  Between  him  and  Meyer  there  was,  of  course,  never  any  dispute, 
as  Meyer  did  not  arrive  in  America  till  the  year  after  Mancius  died,  and  a 
daughter  of  the  latter  united  with  the  church  under  his  successor.  Domine 
Mancius  left  420  members  in  full  communion  in  his  church,  which  argues 
great  success.  A  portrait  of  Mancius,  long  in  possession  of  Jas.  Wynkoop, 
of  Rhinebeck,  a  descendant,  has  recently  been  cleansed  and  restored,  and 
was  presented,  1901,  to  the  Church  of  Kingston.  It  now  hangs  in  the  chapel 
of  this  church.  Dr.  Hoes  found  the  journal  of  Mancius,  and  delivered  an 
address  in  1880,  bringing  out  many  new  facts.  The  address  was  not  printed 
in  the  papers  at  the  time,  as  it  was  to  be  issued  in  permanent  form  ;  but 
the  death  of  Dr.  Hoes,  soon  after,  delayed  matters.  It  is  understood  that 
the  "Journal"  and  address  are  now  in  the  hands  of  his  son,  Rev.  R.  Randall 
Hoes,  a  chaplain  in  the  navy.  Possibly  further  information  might  be 
obtained   about   Mancius,  from  the  Faculty  at  Leipzig.      See  "Amsterdam 


THE    MINISTRY.  601 

Correspondence,   many   letters   or   allusions."'     "Mag.   R.D.C.,"  li.   29b;   iii. 
55,  30i,  338. 

Mandeville,  Garret,  b.  March  19,  1775;  studied  under  Froeligh,  1.  CI.  N.Y. 
1796;  Rochester,  Wawarsing,  and  Clove,  1798-1802,  Caroline,  1802-4, 
(Ithaca,  Presbyt.  1804-15,)  Beach  Woods,  24-6.  Berkshire  Valley,  26-8, 
Six  Mile  Creek,  28-31,  w.  c.  31-50,  emeritus,  d.  1853.  See  "Ch.  Int.," 
Jan.  12,  1854. 

Mandeville,  Giles  Henry,  b.  in  N.Y.C.,  Dec.  12,  1825;  R.C.  48,  N.B.S. 
51,1.  CI.  N.Y. ;  Flushing,  51-9,  Newburgh,  59-69,  N.Y.C.,  Harlem,  69- 
82,  President  of  Hope  College,  79-81,  Cor.  Sec.  Bd.  Ed.  83-1900,  Hon. 
Sec.  and  Treasurer,  1900 

Publications:  Flushing,  (L.I.,)  "Past  and  Present."  i860. — Fun.  Ser. 
of  Col.  Benj.  R.  Hoagland.  1858. — Address  to  Young  Men's  Ch.  Assoc. 
1859. — Address  at  Fun.  of  Dan.  C.  Belknap.  1861. — Sermon,  "My  Coun- 
try." 1861.— "Golden  Memories,"  or  Hist.  Ch.  Harlem.  1875. — Sermons; 
Articles  in  Quarterlies;  addresses;  contributions  to  the  press. 

Mandeville,  Henry,  b.  at  Kinderhook.  1804;  U.C.  26,  N.B.S.  29,  i.  CI.  Al- 
bany; Shawangunk,  29-31,  Geneva,  31-4,  Utica,  34-41,  also  Prof,  of 
Moral  Phil,  and  Rhetoric  in  Hamilton  Col.  41-9,  Albany,  Presbyt.  50-4, 
Mobile,  Ala.,  54-8,  d.  1858.    D.D.  by  U.C.  1847. 

He  was  one  of  the  most  able  and  successful  ministers  of  the  Church.  In 
his  first  charge,  he  at  once  gained  a  hold  on  the  affections  of  the  people  by 
his  zeal,  eloquence,  and  piety,  and  a  revival  followed  the  labors  of  his  first 
year.  Indeed,  he  left  no  charge  where  his  departure  was  not  deeply  re- 
gretted, and  from  which  he  did  not  go  with  the  sincere  love  of  those  to 
whom  he  had  ministered. 

As  a  teacher  of  elocution,  he  won  a  brilliant  reputation  for  himself,  and 
for  Hamilton  College.  The  system  he  introduced  formed  the  basis  of  a 
style  of  oratory  so  natural,  graceful,  and  effective,  that  it  became  an  attrac- 
tive feature  in  the  course  of  that  institution. 

As  a  preacher  he  had  few  superiors.  He  invested  every  theme  he  touched 
with  new  and  striking  charms.  He  delighted  to  linger  about  the  cross;  he 
loved  to  lean  on  his  Saviour's  bosom;  Christ  and  the  cross  were  ever  held 
up  to  the  contemplation  of  his  hearers.  As  a  pastor  he  was  most  attentive 
and  faithful.  He  labored  and  prayed  for  his  people,  and  his  efforts  were 
crowned  with  the  divine  blessing. 

He  was  a  man  of  unusual  vigor  of  intellect,  indomitable  perseverance, 
and  great  tenacity  of  purpose.  His  work  on  elocution,  embracing  a  com- 
plete and  elaborate  analysis  of  English  sentences,  and,  indeed,  of  language 
in  general,  is  a  witness  and  monument  of  these  qualities. — Rev.  Chas.  Scott. 

Publications  :  "Perseverance  as  a  Means  of  Success" :  Before  Lit.  So- 
cieties Hamilton  Coll.  1840. — "Reflex  Influences  of  Foreign  Missions" : 
Before  Soc.  of  Inquiry,  N.B.S.  1847. —  ("Princeton  Rev."  xix.  428.) — He 
published  a  Series  of  Reading  Books,  as  follows :  Primary  Reading  Book, 
1  vol.,  i6mo.  Second  Reading  Book,  1  vol.,  i6mo.  Third  Reading  Book, 
1  vol.,  i6mo.    Fourth  Reading  Book,  1  vol.,  i2tno.    Fifth  Reading  Book,  or 


602  THE    MINISTRY. 

Course  of  Reading,  i  vol.,  121110.  Sixth,  Elements  of  Reading  and  Oratory, 
i  vol.,  I2IHO.,  1849.  ("Princeton  Rev."  xxi.  462.)— "Goodness  of  God  to  a 
Nation  70  Years  Old."  1853.— "Essays  on  a  Part  of  Epistle  to  Romans."— 
Art.  in  "Sprague's  Annals"  on  Rev.  John  De  Witt,  D.D. 
Manley,  John,  b.  1810;  R.C.  28,  N.B.S  31,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Manheim,  31-3, 
Saddle  River  and  Pascack,  34-53,  Saddle  River,  53-66,  w.  c.  Died, 
1871,  May  22. 
Manley,  Wra,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1798;  Miss,  to  Susquehanna  River  Region,  1798- 

1800,  supplied  Cortlandtown  and  Peekskill.  1800-6,  d. 
Mann,  Alexander  McCalla,  b.  Philadelphia.  Pa.,  Mar.  16.  1808;  R.C.  27, 
N.B.S.  30;  Ithaca,  31-37,  West  Troy  (S.S.)  37,  Po'keepsie,  38-57,  Ho- 
boken,  58-61.  (Trumansburg,  Presbyt.)  62-65,  w.  c.  Died  July  15, 
1893.  D.D.  Univer.  Rochester,  1856. 
His  made  his  profession  of  faith  in  Somerville,  N.J.,  in  1822.  He  was 
always  successful  in  winning  souls,  in  edifying  the  flock,  and  promoting 
the  prosperity  of  the  churches  where  he  ministered.  His  preaching  was 
doctrinally  intelligent,  deeply  experimental,  and  always  full  of  warm  emo- 
tion. A  great  lover  of  poetry,  his  mind  was  a  treasury  of  sacred  verse. 
His  last  years  were  spent  in  blindness,  to  which  his  accumulated  stores 
of  memorized  poetry  proved  in  a  remarkable  degree  an  offset  of  comfort, 
and  even  delight.  He  is  said  to  have  been  the  composer  of  the  hymn  be- 
ginning with  the  words.  "Child  of  Sin  and  Sorrow,"  which  was  set  to  one 
of  Dr.  Hastings'  tunes,  and  at  one  time  much  used  in  our  churches.  He 
had  a  remarkable  turn  for  humor.  It  was  so  inseparable  from  his  nature 
that  it  has  even  left  its  traces  upon  the  church  records  kept  by  his  hands. 
In  his  younger  and  middle  life  he  was  a  charming  companion,  of  unbounded 
resources  for  the  enlivening  of  every  circle,  whether  old  or  young,  into 
which  he  happened  to  come.  And  there  was  no  dulling  of  his  cheerfulness 
even  in  his  old  age.  He  continued  conscious  to  the  last,  and  was  bright  as 
ever,  even  to  the  end.  He  was  the  Chairman,  for  many  years,  of  the  Com- 
mittee for  the  Revision  of  the  Liturgy— begun  in  1855.— "Mints  Gen.  Syn.." 
1894.  208.     "Biog.  Notices  Grads,  R.C.,*'  1894,  9 

Manning,  John  H.     R.C.   1844.  N.B.S.  47.  1.  CI.  N.B. ;   Spotswood,  47-54, 
South  Brooklyn,  54-73,  w.  c.     Died  Oct.  25,  T878 ;  elected  trustee  R.C. 
1863.    D.D.     See  Manual  of  1879. 
Marcelus,  Aaron  A.,  b.  at  Amsterdam,  N.Y..  1799:  U.C.  1826.  N.B.S.  30,  1. 
CI.  N.Y. ;  Lysander,  30-1,  Schaghticoke.  31-4.  N.Y.C.  Manhattan,  34-6, 
Prin.   of  Lancaster  Academy,   Pa..  36-9.   Freehold.  39-50,   teaching  in 
N.Y.C.  and  Williamsburgh,  51-6,  Greenville,  56-9,  leaching  in  Bergen, 
59-60,  d.    See  Manual  of  1879. 
Marinus,  David,  studied  in  Pennsylvania,  lie.  by  Coetus,   1752 :   Aquacka- 
nonck  and  Pompton  Plains.  1752-6.  Aquackanonck.  Totowa  and  Pomp- 
ton  Plains,  1756-73,  Kakiat.  1773-78.  also  supplied  Fairfield.  1756-73  — 
"Amst.  Cor.,"  Let.  759. 
PUBLICATIONS:    "Remarks  on  the  Disputes  and  Contentions  in  this  Prov- 
ince."       T755.       (A  copy  in  vol.  v.   "Miscel.   Pamphlets."    N.J.   Hist   Soc. 
Newark.     Reprinted  in  "Centennial  of  N.B.  Sem,"  340)— A  letter  to  the 


THE    MINISTRY.  003 

"Independent   Reflector,"   pub.   separately   in   vol.   v..   as   above.      See   also 
"Centen.  of  Rutgers  Coll.,"  p.  73. 

Markle,  Josiah,  b.  New  Salem,  N.Y..  Ap.  26,  1829;  R.C.  53,  N.B.S.  57,  1. 
CI.  Albany;  (Chester,  Presbyt.  57-8,)  Samsonville,  58-61,  Dashville 
Falls,  62-4,  Gansevoort  and  Northumberland,  64-5,  Gansevoort,  65-8, 

w.   c ;    S.S.    Mapleton,    1870,   Schoharie   Mt.   and   Lawyersville, 

1872-5.    Died  Oct.  17,  1898. 

Marselus,  Nich.  J.,  b.  in  Mohawk  Valley,  1792;  U.C.  1810,  N.B.S.  15,  1. 
CI.  N.B. ;  Greenbush  and  Blooming  Grove,  15-22,  New  York  City, 
(Greenwich,)  22-58,  w.  c.    Died  1876,  May  5.    D.D.  by  R.C.  1844. 

It  is  quite  impossible  to  err  in  estimating  the  personal  qualities  and  dis- 
tinctive forces  which  combined  in  the  character  of  Dr.  Marselus.  He  was  a 
man  of  faith  and  of  intense  convictions.  Honesty  pervaded  his  thoughts 
and  gave  direction  to  his  life.  He  had  great  will  power,  not  in  any  wise 
akin  to  stubbornness  or  obstinate  prejudice,  but  power  to  abide  in  the  ser- 
vice of  truth  and  righteousness.  This  quality  he  never  failed  to  exhibit  all 
through  his  much  labor  and  many  trials.  His  solid  and  firm  mind  gave 
shape  and  purpose  to  his  sermons.  He  preached  to  reach  a  mark.  Sermons 
for  him  were  tools  to  accomplish  results.  No  idle  elegancies  of  rhetoric, 
nor  vapid  sweets  of  sentimental  philosophy  allured  him  away  from  the 
straight  path  of  evangelical  teaching.  He  sought  out  acceptable  words,  but 
they  were  ever  words  deriving  their  impressive  eloquence  from  their  serious 
meaning  and  the  warm  heart  which  gave  them  impulse  to  strike  the  hearts 
of  hearers.  He  believed  in  the  power  of  God's  Word,  and  preached  it  with 
simplicity  and  sincerity.  Few  ministers  in  this  or  any  other  city  have  been 
more  successful  in  winning  souls  than  was  Dr.  Marselus.  Converts  were 
constantly  added  to  his  church,  many  of  whom  survive  to  attest  his  zeal 
and  fidelity  in  their  belief.  Over  thirty  of  these  converts  entered  the  min- 
istry of  grace,  and  thus  extended  the  influence  of  the  good  man  of  God 
who  had  brought  them  to  Christ. 

In  reference  to  the  suit  brought  by  him  for  the  distribution  of  the  prop- 
erty of  the  Collegiate  Church  among  all  the  Dutch  churches  of  New  York 
City,  see  "History  of  the  Various  Litigations  relating  to  the  lawful  title  of 
said  church  to  the  property  held  by  them,,  etc.,"  with  the  arguments  pro 
and  con,  and  the  final  decision  of  the  Court  of  Appeals,  June,  1867.  Pub- 
lished, 1871. 

Publications:  "Translation  of  Elijah":  A  ser.  on  death  of  Dr.  J.  H. 
Livingston.  1825.  "The  Good  Old  Way."  1830. — "Gospel  Ministry  and  its 
Results."  1842. — "Ministerial  Appeal  and  Complaint."  1850. — A  Sermon. 
1850. 

Martin,  Daniel  Hoffman,  b.  Martindale,  N.Y.,  Feb.  5,  1859;  C.C.  N.Y. 

81;   U.T.S.   84;   ord.   CI.    N.Y..   Dec.   2,    1884;    High   Bridge.    N.Y.C.. 

1884-90;  Clinton  av.,  Newark,  N.J.,  1890 

Martine,  Ab.  J.,  b.  at  Clarkstown,  N.Y.,  Oct.  19,  1848;  R.C.  73,  N.B.S.  76, 

1.     CI.     Paramus;     Stanton,    1876-82,    Manhasset,    82-91,    (Dunnellen, 

(Presbyt.)    1891-99),  Marlborough,   1899 


004 


THE    MINISTRY. 


Martyn,  Fermin  Ferner,  (son  of  Rev.  W.  C  Martyn,)  b.  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
June  25,  1870;  C.C.  01.  ITS.  92,  Div.  Sch.  Chicago,  93;  Old.  by  Ci. 
Bergen,  Nov.  8,  [893;  English  Neighborhood,  at  Ridgefield,  N.Y.,  1893- 
5;  engaged  in  Literature.  N.Y.C.,  1895. 

Martyn,  (William)  Carlos,  b.  N.Y.C.  Dec.  15,  1841 ;  U.T.S.  69;  ord. 
(Cong.)  June  25,  09;  (Pilgrim  Ch.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  69-71;  Portsmouth, 
N.H.,  71-6;)  34th  st.,  N.Y.C,  76-83,  Bloomingdale,  N.Y.C,  83-90, 
Newark,  1st,  90-2;  (6th  Presb.  Chicago,  92-4.  Lecturer,  1894 D.D. 

by 

Marvin,  Frederic  Rowland,   (s.  of  Uriah  Marvin),  b.  Troy.  N.Y.,  Sept.  23, 

[S47;  Lafayette  Coll.  Easton,  Pa.,  1  year;  U.C.  1  year;  Coll.  Physicians 

and  Surgeons— Med.  Dept.  C.C.   1870;   N.B.S.  76-77.-  1.  CI.  N.Y. ;  ord. 

by  Cong.  Council,  Middletown,  N.Y.,  Ap.  18,  7^\  (Middletown,  N.Y. 
(Cong.)  78-82,  Portland,  Oregon  (Cong.)  82-85,  Great  Barrington, 
Ma>s.,   (Cong.)   87-95,  w.  c. 

See  "Allibone's  Diet.  Eng.  Lit."  Sup.  vol.  2  (of  5  vols,  ed.)  ;  "Men  of 
Lafayette"  (Coll.)  by  Prof.  Coffin;  "Harringshaw's  Encyc.  Am.  Biog."; 
"Lamb's  Biog.  Diet." 

Publications:  "Dream  Music"':  a  Vol.  of  Poems,  1871. — ""Death  in 
the  Light  of  Science."  1878.— "Consecrated  Womanhood":  A  Sermon  at 
Portland,  Oregon,  1883.— "Editors  and  Newspapers,"  a  Sermon,  Portland, 
Oregon,  1883.— "Gospel  Catechism  for  Young  Children" ;  Portland,  Oregon, 
Igg3  _ "The  Real  Devil :  Who  he  is,  and  Where  he  Lives"  :  A  Sermon, 
Portland,  1884— "Christ  Among  the  Cattle."  1899.— "The  Last  Words  of 
Distinguished  Men  and  Women,"  1901. 

Marvin,  Uriah,  b.  at  Albany,  N.Y.,  Jan.  8,  1816 ;  W.C.  and  U.C  35,  P.S. 
47,  lie.  by  Presbytery  of  Troy,  1846;  Union  Village,  1848-55,  Greenwich, 
N.Y.C.  1855-8,  Nyack,  1860-70,  w.  c.    Died  Nov.  18,  1898. 

He  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  as  an  attorney  in  the  Superior  Court, 
N.Y.C,  in  1838.  In  1839.  he  was  admitted  to  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas 
at  Albany.  On  Oct.  31,  1844,  he  was  married  to  Margaret  Jane  Stevens, 
daughter  of  Dr.  Samuel  Stevens,  of  Troy,  N.Y.,  and  about  the  same  time 
he  resolved  to  study  for  the  ministry,  and  was  settled,  as  above  indicated. 
After  his  retirement  from  pastoral  labors,  in  1870,  he  supplied  pulpits  as 
occasion  offered.  During  his  latter  years,  although  not  able  from  ill  health 
to  attend  ecclesiastical  meetings,  yet  he  always  took  great  interest  in  the 
extension  of  the  Master's  kingdom.  He  was  a  constant  and  generous 
contributor  to  the  Children's  Fresh  Air  Fund  and  to  other  works  of  charity. 
He  was  unostentatious  in  manner,  and  widely  respected.— "Mints.  Gen. 
Syn.,"  1899,  560. 

Masden,  C.  P.     Philadelphia.  2d,  1873-79;  became  a  Methodist. 

Masillamani,  A.,  (Hindoo),  Vellore.  1883-1898. 

Mason,  Alfred  De  Witt,  b.  Brooklyn.  N.Y.,  Mar.  21,  1855;  A.C  77;  U.T. 
S.  77-8;  N.B.S.  78-80;  1.  S.  CI.  L.I.;  ord.  N.  CI.  L.I..  Oct.  7.  80;  Locust 
Valley,  80-2;  Brooklyn,  South,  82-01  :   Boonton,   M.J  .  01-4:  Ed.  "Mis- 


THE    MINISTRY. 


60  = 


sion  Field,"   1894. — Also   Managing  Editor  of  "The  Day  Star,"   Nov. 

1896. — Also  Sec.  for  Young  People's  Mission  Work,  1896 

Publications  :  Editorials,  &c,  as  above  indicated ;  in  charge  of  the 
Weekly  Christian  Endeavor  Department,  in  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  1885- 
95,  and  other  articles  in  the  same;  many  Magazine  articles,  Reports,  news- 
paper  articles,    &c. — Reports   of    Christian    Endeavor    Missionary    League. 

1873 

Mason,  Ebenezer,   (s.  of  Rev.  Dr.  John  M.  Mason,)   b.  in  N.Y.C.  Juno  15. 

1800;  C.N.J.  20,  P.S.  23;  ord.  2d  Presbyt.  N.Y.,  Ap.  20,  26;  Brooklyn. 

26-7,    (Sixth   av.,   N.Y.C,   27-8,   North   Ch.,    N.Y.C,  29-33,   Blooming 

Grove.  1848-9,  d.  Mar.  14.)  S.T.D. 
He  early  displayed  a  docile  temper,  and  a  quick  and  susceptible  mind, 
whose  powers  were  subjected  to  the  careful  training  which  so  eminent  a 
father  as  Dr.  J.  M.  Mason  would  seek  to  secure  for  a  son.  He  accompanied 
his  father  to  Europe  in  1816,  while  still  a  lad.  When  settled  in  Brooklyn, 
conscientious  scruples  concerning  the  subject  of  baptism,  according  to  the 
usage  of  that  church,  led  him  to  resign  his  charge.  ]n  his  new  enterprise, 
in  Sixth  avenue,  N.Y.C,  he  exerted  a  powerful  influence  for  good,  though 
his  pastorate  was  short.  He  made  two  journeys  to  Europe,  and  his  last 
trip  sought  to  establish  an  American  chapel  in  Paris.      (McClure.) 

Mild  and  retiring,  he  interfered  with  the  self-love  or  advancement  of 
none.  He  was  one  of  the  most  amiable  of  men,  quick  to  sympathize,  and 
prompt  to  aid  ;  so  that,  while  many  warmly  loved  him,  none  could  be  his 
enemy.  His  mind  was  of  a  highly  reflective  cast.  Fond  of  investigation 
and  discussion,  without  reckless  speculation,  he  often  suggested  thought* 
and  presented  views,  especially  on  theological  subjects,  which  were  rare. 
and  worthy  of  careful  examination.  As  a  sermonizer,  his  style  was  some- 
what on  the  beaten  track,  and  without  affectation  or  obscurity,  certainly 
had  fhe  merit  of  considerable  originality.  Yet  his  fancy  had  hardly  been 
cultivated  with  that  degree  of  attention  which  its  vast  importance,  as  an 
aid  in  the  elucidation  and  enforcement  of  truth,  demands  :  and  hence  his 
preaching,  though  greatly  interesting  and  instructive  to  the  thoughtful 
Christian,  failed  in  a  measure  to  produce  that  glow  and  excitement  in 
which  mingled  audiences  delight.  His  natural  modesty,  moreover,  un- 
willingness to  seem  obtrusive,  diffidence  of  his  own  powers,  and  a  slight 
indistinctness  of  articulation,  interfered  with  his  advancement  to  prominent 
positions  which  his  temper,  his  endowments,  and  his  acquisitions  abun- 
dantly fitted  him  to  adorn. 
(Mason,  John.  S.S.  Hurley,  1834-6.) 
(Mason,  John  M.     See  Manual,  1869.     Also  "Van  Vechten's  Life  of  Dr. 

J.  M.  Mason.)     Several  students  of  the  Dutch  Church  studied  theology 

with  him. 
Mathews,  John  R.     N.Y.U.  1859,  N.B.S.   1862.     Episcopalian.     Rector  at 

Peekskill,  chaplain  in  the  navy ;  died  Dec.  27,  1898. 
Mathews,  James  M.,  b.  in  Salem,  N.Y.,  March  18.  1875:  U.C.  1803,  Assoc. 

Ref.   Sem.,   1807,  1.  Assoc.   Ref.  Presbyt.,   N.Y..   1807:   Assistant   Prof 

of  Bib.  Lit.  in  Dr.  Mason's  Sem.   1809-18.  supplied  South  Dutch.  Gar- 


6o6 


THE    MINISTRY 


den  st.,  N.Y.C.,  1811-12,  pastor  of  Soutli  Dutch,  1812-40,  Chancellor 
of  University,  1831-9,  w.  c,  d.  1870.    D.D. 

The  town  of  Salem,  Washington  County,  N.Y.,  has  been  greatly  favored 
in  the  number  of  young  men  who  have  enteied  the  gospel  ministry.  The 
leading  church  of  that  village  is  of  the  Associate  Reformed  connection,  and 
for  a  number  of  years  was  under  the  pastoral  charge  of  the  Rev.  Drs. 
Proudfit,  father  and  son,  who  were  of  unusual  devotion  and  of  broad, 
catholic  spirit.  Dr.  Alexander  Proudfit  had  a  special  gift  in  addressing  the 
youth  of  his  charge  on  the  subject  of  personal  religion,  and  of  introducing 
them  at  an  early  age  into  the  Church.  And  it  was  his  habit,  when  he  found 
a  young  man  possessing  special  qualifications,  and  giving  the  promise  of 
usefulness,  to  present  to  him  the  claims  of  the  ministry,  and  urge  him  to 
enter  this  noble  calling.  Many  of  these  young  men  were  thrown  providen- 
tially into  the  Reformed  Church,  and  have  proved  themselves  to  be  among 
her  most  useful  and  loyal  ministers.  Among  this  number  is  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  James  M.  Mathews.  His  father  came  to  this  country  some 
time  previous  to  the  War  of  the  Revolution,  and  engaged  in  agricultural 
pursuits.  During  the  struggle  for  independence  he  enlisted  in  the  army  as 
a  common  soldier,  and  served  until  the  conclusion  of  peace.  The  son  dis- 
played very  early  a  taste  for  study,  and  was  fond  of  books,  a  fact  which  was 
noticed  by  his  pastor  and  encouraged.  Tn  the  Academy  he  was  popular 
with  his  teachers,  and  made  such  rapid  progress  that  he  entered  college  two 
years  in  advance,  graduating  with  the  reputation  of  being  a  most  excellent 
scholar.  He  did  not  unite  with  the  church  until  he  had  completed  his 
course,  and  was  engaged  in  the  work  of  ihe  farm.  Under  the  judicious 
instruction  of  Dr.  Proudfit  he  chose  without  much  hesitation  the  work  of 
the  ministry,  and  studied  in  the  Seminary  of  Dr.  Mason,  being  one  of  the 
first  who  passed  through  that  recently  organized  institution  of  the  Associate 
Reformed  Church.  Dr.  Mason  discovered  in  his  student  special  qualifica- 
tions for  the  work  of  instruction,  and  at  his  solicitation  he  was  called  to  the 
Professorship  of  Biblical  Literature,  a  position  which  he  filled  with  marked 
ability,  until  he  was  called  to  take  charge  of  the  church  in  Garden  Street, 
an  organization  then  consisting  of  but  nineteen  families,  and  numbering  at 
the  first  communion  only  seventeen  members.  In  a  very  short  time,  though 
unfavorably  located,  the  church  became  one  of  great  strength  and  influence. 
passing  through  several  seasons  of  wonderful  revival.  Dr.  Mathews  con- 
tinued in  the  active  duties  of  the  ministry  until  1840.  when  he  was  released 
from  the  pastoral  office.  He  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  founding  of  the 
I  niversity  of  the  City  of  New  York,  and  was  chosen  as  its  first  Chancellor, 
a  position  which  he  held  for  about  nine  years.  His  interest  in  its  welfare. 
and  the  sacrifices  he  made  to  promote  its  prosperity  are  important  points 
in  its  history,  and  were  warmly  appreciated  by  his  co-laborers  in  this  great 
enterprise. 

Retiring  from  these  official  positions  with  a  constitution  very  much 
broken  by  reason  of  excessive  labors,  after  a  short  season  of  rest,  during 
which  he  recovered  his  former  strength,  he  turned  his  attention  to  another 
importanl  field.  He  employed  his  pen  in  preparing  courses  of  lectures  on 
topics  which  had  commanded  bis  attention   while  connected   with  the  uni- 


: 


THE    MINISTRY.  607 

versity.  These  were  delivered  before  intelligent  audiences  in  various  cities 
of  the  country,  and  highly  appreciated.  They  were  subsequently  published, 
and  widely  circulated.  In  addition  to  these  he  prepared  a  volume  of  great 
interest,  embodying  his  recollections  of  eminent  men  and  prominent  events. 
Al  of  these  works  were  valuable,  and  some  of  them  are  still  sought  for  and 
read,  as  presenting  most  excellent  views  upon  the  subjects  which  they  dis- 
cussed. He  spent  the  last  few  years  of  his  life  in  works  of  general  benev- 
olence, interesting  himself  chiefly  in  the  cause  of  education  and  promoting 
the  welfare  of  young  men,  especially  the  medical  students  who  came  to  the 
city  to  pursue  their  studies.  He  was  in  public  life  for  sixty  years,  and  in 
the  various  fields  of  usefulness  which  he  occupied  he  met  with  an  unusual 
measure  of  success. 

He  was  highly  favored  in  his  personal  appearance.  He  was  above  the 
ordinary  height,  of  fine  physical  development,  and  possessed  a  countenance 
of  marked  benevolence  and  intelligence.  He  would  naturally  draw  observa- 
tion by  his  superb  and  erect  form,  and  his  attractive  dignity  of  manner.  In 
any  circle  he  would  leave  the  impression  that  he  was  a  finely  educated  and 
highly  polished  gentleman.  It  was  supposed  by  some  that  he  was  not  easily 
accessible  or  friendly ;  but,  with  those  who  knew  him,  he  was  a  model  of 
kindness  and  amiability,  as  well  as  a  cultivated  and  refined  man.  The 
bestowment  of  favors  was  a  great  gratification  to  him,  and  he  would  make 
sacrifices  in  order  to  oblige  his  friends.  In  his  conversational  powers  he 
was  very  gifted,  and  in  literary  and  social  circles  he  was  the  center  of 
attraction,  and  often  fascinated  the  company  by  his  fund  of  information  and 
timely  anecdotes  relating  to  men  and  events. 

As  a  preacher  he  ranked  among  the  most  acceptable  and  impressive  of 
his  day.  Among  the  pulpit  celebrities  of  New  York  in  the  early  part  of  the 
century,  he  held  a  very  honorable  position,  and  maintained  the  reputation 
of  being  a  solid,  earnest,  and  powerful  preacher.  His  congregation  num- 
bered some  of  the  most  wealthy  families  of  the  city,  and  it  became  the 
spiritual  home  of  many  in  the  various  professions  of  life.  His  hearers 
always  found  his  sermons  rich  in  the  exhibition  of  evangelical  truth,  full 
and  accurate  in  their  doctrinal  statements,  and  written  in  a  style  that  was 
chaste,  vigorous,  and  animated.  His  voice  was  full  and  distinct,  and  his 
delivery  was  strong  but  unimpassioned.  The  cast  of  his  mind  was  rather 
logical  than  imaginative,  and  he  depended  more  on  the  force  of  argument 
and  fact  than  on  illustration  and  ornament.  His  whole  manner  in  the 
pulpit  was  solemn  and  earnest,  exhibiting  itself  in  the  favorite  topics  of  his 
discourses,  and  in  his  very  tones  and  gestures.  He  was  active  with  his  pen 
up  to  the  very  last,  and  intent  on  doing  good  wherever  an-  opportunity  of- 
fered. He  was  fond  of  cultivating  the  acquaintance  of  young  men  who 
were  engaged  in  the  work  of  preparation  for  the  professions  of  life,  invit- 
ing them  in  numbers  to  the  hospitality  of  his  home,  and  giving  them  most 
valuable  counsel.  He  lived  a  long  and  useful  life,  and  must  be  counted 
among  those  who  were  successful  in  an  eminent  degree.  After  a  lingering 
sickness,  during  which  he  was  sustained  by  an  unfaltering  trust,  he  fell 
asleep  in  Jesus  at  the  advanced  age  of  nearly  eighty-five  years. — Rev.  Dr. 
R.  H.  Steele.     See  "Duyckinck's  Cyc.  of  Am.  Lit.,"  1855.  vol.  ii..  733. 


(,«,S 


THE    MIXISTKN  . 


Publications:  "The  Religious  Influence  of  Mothers."  "The  Adorable 
Saviour."  "Critical  Periods  in  the  Sinner's  Life."  All  three  in  "Nat. 
Preacher."  1836. — "What  is  Your  Life"?  \  ser.  on  the  loss  of  Lexington. 
1840. — "The  Bible  and  Men  of  Learning,"  pp.  392.  1855. — "The  Bible  and 
Civil  Government,"  pp.  268.  1858. — "Fifty  Years  in  X.Y."  1858. — Ar- 
ticles in  "Sprague's  Annals"  on  Revs.  Ch.  Bork.  J.  M.  Bradford,  Alex. 
Gunn,  Win.  McMurray,  P.  N.  Strong. 

Matthews,  Algernon,  b.   in  Isle  of  Guernsey,    [841;    Elizabeth  Coll..  Ger- 
many;  N.B.S.  75,  lie.  N.  CI.  L.I.:  Jersey  City   Heights,  75,  Manheim, 
76-9.     Dismissed  to  the  Presbyt.  of  Kingston.  Canada. 
Mattice,  Ab.,  1).  in  Schoharie,  X.Y..  1X33:  R.C.  58.  X.B.S.  62,  lie.  and  ord. 
as  an  evangelist  by  CI.  Schoharie.  62;  Miss,  to  Kewascum,  Wis.,  62-4, 
Eden,  64-6,    Prof,   of   Ancient    Langs,   and   Mathematics,   in   Riverside 
Seminary,  Gerniantown,  N.Y.,  67-9,  Principal  of  Hudson  (N.Y.)  Acad- 
emy, 69-73,  Principal  of  Fort  Plain  Female  Collegiate  Institute,  X.Y., 
73-9.    Principal   of   Seymour   Smith    Academy.    Pine   Plains,    Dutchess 
Co..  X.Y..  79-96,  Montville.  96-1901. 
Mattice.  Henry,  b.  in  Schoharie  Co.  X.Y..  Aug.  16,  1822;  lie.  (N.S.)  Presb. 
Kansas.    61 ;     ord.     (O.S.)    Presb.    Kaskaski    (111.)     Ap.    68;    (Miss, 
A.S.S.C.  in   Kansas,  59-64.)     Agent  U.S.  Ch.  Com.,  64-66,   S.S.  Mis- 
sions, and   Agent   Y.M.C.A.,   St.  Louis.   Mo.,  67-68,  supplied   Trenton, 
111.     67-68,    Missionary,    Howard     Miss..    X.Y.C..   69:     supplied     West 
New  Hempstead,  69-7V  reed,  by  letter  in  CI.  Paramus,  Ap.  71;  Assist. 
Sup.    I  Inns,-  of   Industry,    and   Miss.    Pastor,   Calvary  Chapel.    N.Y.C., 
71-73;  pastor.  Palisades.  73-/S.  Jersey  City.  Free  Ch.,  Morgan  St..  Miss. 
Jan.  79-88,  Unionville.  88-89.  Hoboken.  80-95.     Died  Aug.  12.  1897. 
Always  much  interested  in  Sunday  School  work,  he  actually  look  charge 
of  the  Sunday  School  at  his  home,  before  making  a  profession.     He  was 
subsequently  sent  West  by  a  church  in  Albany.  X.Y..  and  he  established, 
chiefly   in   Kansas,  about   150  Sunday   schools.     He   many   times   rode   100 
miles  on  horseback  to  attend  a  convention.     Many  important  churches  in 
Kansas  have  grown  out  of  his  work.     He  established  the  first  Italian  Mis- 
sion in   New  York  City.     In   Hoboken.   his   church   was   burned,   and    his 
efforts  secured  a  new  edifice — a  monument  of  his  zeal  and  ener.cy,  but  at 
the  cost  of  his  health.     His  life  was  full  of  change,  but  always  along  the 
line  of  consecrated  Christian  service.     He  was  made  a  prisoner  in  the  Civil 
War  by  a  guerilla  leader.  Quantral.  hut  at  once  released,  when  his  mission 
was  understood.— "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  tSq8.  232. 
Matzke,   Herman,   came  from  Germany.    1X78:    Silver   ("reek.   111.,    (GerJ 

1878-1887;  d.  Ap.  9.— "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1887,   ^6. 
May,  Edward  H.,  b.  at  Lynn.  Norfolk.  Eng..  Jan.  28,   [795;   Hoxton  Coll. 
and  Sem.,  London,  Eng..   1S15,   (Bary  Lane.  1815-..,  Rochford.  Essex. 
Croydon,    Surrey )    Northumberland,    ,^-(1.    Northum- 
berland  and   Schuylerville.   36-0.   Twenty-first    st..   X.Y.C..  39-48.   Sec. 
Pa.  Col.  Soc.  1848-9,  Sec.  Pa.  Seamen's  Friends'  Soc.  1840-57.  d.  1858. 
His  parents  were  of  the  Church  of  England,  in   which  he  was  baptized 
and  brought  up.     One  of  his  sisters  became  a   Methodist,  and.  through  her 


THE    MINISTRY.  609 

prayers  and  pious  influence,  he  was  led  to  serious  reflection.  On  his  ar- 
riving at  mature  judgment,  he  devoted  himself  to  the  ministry  of  Christ, 
and  entered  the  Independent  Congregational  denomination,  which  he  great- 
ly preferred  for  its  doctrines  and  order.  Of  his  life,  personal  and  minis- 
terial, in  England,  there  are  many  precious  memorials,  testifying  to  his 
charity,  benevolence,  integrity,  and  devoted  Christian  zeal.  His  friends 
and  companions  there  were  of  the  highest  order  for  piety,  learning,  and 
distinguished  usefulness;  among  them,  Thomas  Spencer  (his  bosom  friend 
at  college),  Rowland  Hill,  Matthew  Wilkes,  Henry  Burder,  Edward  Ir- 
ving, John  Clayton,  John  Leifchild,  John  Harris  (author  of  "Mammon"), 
and  many  others,  whose  praise  is  in  all  the  churches.  These  were  warmly 
attached  to  him,  and  his  intimate  associates  ;  their  regard  never  weakened 
by  time  or  distance,  and  was  only  broken  oft'  by  death.  His  cordial  dislike 
of  a  Church  establishment,  connected  with  the  State  and  headed  by  a 
King,  and  a  desire  to  bring  up  his  family  in  the  enjoyment  of  freedom, 
civil  and  religious,  caused  him  to  leave  his  Church  at  Croydon,  where  he 
was  greatly  beloved  and  blessed,  and  come  to  this  country,  which  he  reached 
in  1833  or  1834.  After  a  few  months  of  traveling  and  observation,  he 
settled  at  Schuylerville,  Saratoga  County,  New  York,  and  served  that 
church  with  great  fidelity,  usefulness  and  acceptableness.  In  1839,  he  was 
induced  to  take  charge  of  the  Twenty-first  street  Church,  New  York  City, 
then  a  missionary  station.  The  fruit  of  his  unwearying,  incessant  labors 
was  the  building  up  of  that  congregation,  and  the  erection  of  a  church 
edifice. 

Mr.  May  was  well  and  widely  known  and  equally  esteemed  as  a  man,  a 
Christian,  and  a  minister.  He  was  a  sound,  instructive,  and  most  evangel- 
ical preacher.  Those  who  knew  him  familiarly  in  private  life,  were  often 
struck  by  the  power  of  his  mind  and  its  resources,  natural  and  acquired, 
as  shown  by  his  conversation.  His  reading  was  varied  and  extensive,  and, 
uniting  to  a  refined  taste  and  sound  judgment  a  remarkable  memory,  he 
delighted  and  often  astonished  his  listeners  by  the  richness  of  his  stores. 
He  was  especially  versed  in  English  literature,  and  knew  his  Shakespeare 
almost  by  heart.  Few  comparatively  knew  his  real  gifts  of  nature,  educa- 
tion, and  grace.  Music,  art,  science,  all  were  dear  to  him,  contributing  to 
his  pleasure  and  his  power  of  pleasing,  from  his  knowledge  of  their  history 
and  charms.  He  was  endowed  with  a  ready,  kindly,  genuine  wit ;  a  relish 
for  beauty  in  God's  works,  and  a  keen  perception  of  the  amusing,  which 
gave,  at  times,  a  comic,  satirical,  and  epigrammatic  dash  to  his  conversa- 
tion, yet  so  subdued  by  religious  truth,  and  chastened  by  gentleness  of 
Christian  charity  that  he  pleased  without  wounding,  and  delighted  without 
giving  pain.  He  had  the  frank  happiness  of  a  child  with  the  soberness  of 
a  Christian,  a  fine  example  of  the  apostle's  rule,  "In  malice  be  ye  children, 
but  in  understanding  be  men."  His  scrupulous  honesty,  never  tolerating 
himself  in  debt,  his  unfailing  charity,  and  his  constant  cheerfulness  under 
afflictions,  which  would  have  broken  the  spirit  of  most  persons,  were  the 
graces  of  his  Christian  life,  which  never  failed,  but  grew  till  they  were 
made  perfect  in  heaven. — See  "Presbyt.  Hist.  Alamanc."  i860,  206.  "Ch. 
Intelligencer,"  1858,  Aug.  26. 


6lO  THE    MINISTRY. 

Miss  Caroline  May,  the  daughter  of  the  above,  was  a  poet,  and,  in  an 
"Ode  to  Laughter,"  she  thus  refers  to  her  father : 

O  that  rare  man,  my  dear  and  reverend  father, 
What  fruits  and  flowers,  from  the  well-tilled  bed 

Of  his  rich  mind,  his  children  used  to  gather, 
Even  when  many  years  and  griefs  had  shed 
Their  silver  snows  on  his  majestic  head! 

lime  could  not  dim  his  mind,  nor  icy  Sorrow 
Freeze  the  warm  heart  whose  ever  bubbling  springs 

Waxed  fresher,  fuller,  each  successive  morrow, 
With  love  and  love's  own  sympathy,  that  brings 
Pure  healing  water  for  life's  many  stings. 

Those  clear  blue  eyes — so  bright,  and  true,  and  steady — 
What  beams  of  radiance  would  glance  therefrom, 

When,  with  that  quick  discernment,  ever  ready, 
Of  contrast,  or  of  likeness  humorsome, 
His  keen  and  racy,  wit  would  sparkling  come! 

Mayor.  J.  L.,  (French  Refd.,)  b.  Nimes.  France.  He  went  to  Amsterdam, 
and  the  Consistory  of  the  Walloon  Church  there,  engaged  his  services 
for  New  York.  He  arrived  on  July  27,  1754.  New  York.  Aug.  4.  1754- 
Ap.  1764:  went  to  London.  Chaplain  of  the  French  Hospital,  London, 
for  .many  year-. 

The  historian  Smith  says  of  him:  "lie  bears  an  irreproachable  charac- 
ter, is  very  intent  upon  his  studies,  preaches  moderate  Calvinism,  and 
speaks  with  propriety,  both  of  pronunciation  and  gesture:"  He  was  very 
zealous  and  energetic.  The  Register  which  he  kept  indicates  a  high  sense 
of  his  responsibility.  He  also  administered  the  -acrament  four  times  a 
year  at  New  Rochelle.  the  dissenting  congregation  of  which  place,  since 
the  dcatli  of  Mr.  Ron,  had  become  a  simple  "annex"  of  the  French  Church 
of  New  York.  He  won  the  esteem  and  love  of  the  people,  but  his  efforl 
to  resuscitate  the  French  Church  were  not  successful.  He  offered  to  re- 
main, after  his  resignation,  if  the  church  would  conform  to  the  Church  of 
England  New  Rochelle  and  other  French  churches  had  done  so,  but  this 
church  refused.  During  his  ministry  this  church  adopted,  in  1755,  the 
version  of  1724  of  the  French  Bible— "The  Holy  Bible  of  Geneva,  with 
Reflections."    In  170.^  they  adopted  a  new  French  version  of  the  Psalms 

Maynu.  Joseph,  b.  at  Birmingham,  Eng.,  182.);  R.G  55,  N.B.S.  58,  He.  and 
ord.  CI.  Schoharie;  voyage  to  India,  Dec.  1858  A.p.  1859.  Ami,  5Q-62, 
Gingi  Station,  62-3,  Sattanbady  and  Ami.  63  5.  \rni.  Vellambi,  Alien- 
dal.  and  out-stations,  65-70.  voyage  to  America.  70;  Somerset.  Kansas, 
72-6,  1  La  Cygne,  Kan.,  Prcsb.  77-9,  Garrett,  Kan..  70-80.  Highland. 
Kan..  1881 

Mead,  Corn  S..  b.  West  Charlton.  NY..  1818;  U.C.   \i.  Aub.  S.  44.  1-  Pres 


THE    MINISTRY.  6n 

byt.  of  Cayuga,  44;  Rotterdam,  1st,  44-9,  Herkimer  Village,  49-59, 
Chatham,  59-70,  w.  c.  Prin.  Spencertown  Academy  one  year;  supply- 
ing churches— Ghent,  Stuyvesant  Falls,  New  Concord,  etc. 

Mead,  Elias,  b.  Chesterville,  N.Y. ;  R.C.  68,  N.B.S.  70,  lie.  CI.  Schenec- 
tady; Coeymans,  70-3,  Keyport,  73-90,  w.  c. 

Meeker,  Edward  J.,  b.  Succasunna,  N.J.,  Aug.  8,  1867;  R.C.  96,  N.B.S.  99, 
1.  CI.  N.B..  Mohawk,  1899 Also  Fort  Herkimer,  1900 

Meeker,  Stephen  H.,  b.  at  Elizabethtown,  N.J.,  Oct.  17.  1799;  C.C.  1821, 
N.B.S.  24,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Bushwick,  25-30,  Jersey  City,  Ap.-Oct.  30,  Bush- 
wick,  30-76.  d.  Feb.  1. 

He  was  preparing  the  materials  for  his  fifty-first  anniversary  discourse 
when  he  was  translated.  In  forty  years  he  had  been  absent  from  his  pulpit 
on  account  of  sickness  but  a  single  Sabbath,  so  hale  and  hearty  was  his 
vigor,  even  down  to  his  last  days.  He  organized  the  first  Sunday-schoo! 
within  the  present  limits  of  Brooklyn.  To  four  generations  of  parishion- 
ers he  broke  the  bread  of  heaven.  His  church  was  a  goodly  mother  of 
churches.  His  ministry  was  calm,  earnest,  and  fruitful.  His  personal 
character  and  piety  commanded  universal  regard  among  the  people  before 
whom  he  went  in  and  out  daily  for  half  a  century.  And  we  may  truly  say 
of  him  what  is  written  of  Enoch:  "Before  his  translation  he  had  this  tes- 
timony, that  he  pleased  God."— "Ch.  Int.,"  Feb.  10,  1876. 

Meengs,  John  Gerhardus,  b.  Geesteren,  Prov.  of  Gelderland.  Neths..  Sept. 
28,  1873;  H.C.  98,  N.B.S.  tqoi.  lie.  CI.  Saratoga;  Missionary  in  Okla- 
homa, summers  of  1900,  1901 ;  West  Troy,  South,  1901 

Meerwein,  Otto,  b.  Berlin,  Germany,  Jan.   19,   1840;   Frederick  William's 

College,  University  of  Berlin,  62,  U.S.  1868,  1.  by  3d  Presbyt.  N.Y.  68; 

Philadelphia,  5th,  (at  Kensington.)   1868-70.  Lutheran.     See  US    Gen 

Cat. 

Megapolensis,  Johannes,  (son  of  Rev.  John  Megapolensis,  of  Koedyk,)  born 

1601 ;  studied  in  Roman  Catholic  institutions,  especially  at  Cologne: 

converted  to  Protestantism  at  the  age  of  23:   (1624)  ;  pastor  at  Wie- 

ringerwood,   1634-..;   at  Schoorel  and   Berge,   16.. -42,   c.  to  America, 

Rensselaerswyck,   (Albany).  1642-9,  New  Amsterdam,  1649-70,  d.  Jan. 

24.     Also  assisted  Polhemus  at  Flatbush  and  Fiatlands,  1664-70. 

While  John  Cornelius  Backerus  was  undergoing  successive  examinations 

by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  he  informed  the   Classis,    (Nov.   19,   1641,) 

that  there  were  certain  ministers  in  the  Classis  of  Alkmaar  who  were  not 

averse  to  going  to  the  East  or  West  Indies,  on  good  conditions.     These 

were  the  minister  at   Schoorel   and   the   minister  at   Koedyk.     He   was   at 

once  requested  to  invite  these  ministers  to  visit  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam. 

("Mints,  of  the  Deputies,"  xx.  62-3.)     On  Mar.  6,  1642,  a  contract  was 

entered    into    between    Patroon    Van    Rensselaer    and    Domine    Johannes 

Megapolensis,  one  of  these  ministers,  to  serve  at  Rensselaerswyck  for  six 

years.     He  is  called  in  said  contract  minister  of  the  churches  of  Schoorel 

and  Berge.     He  was  said  to  be  39  years  old,  had  a  wife  and  four  children. 

all  under  fourteen  years  of  age.     His  salary  was  to  commence  as  soon  as 

he  reached  his  field  ;  the  Patroon  would  pay  all  the  expenses  of  their  four- 


6l2  THE    MINISTRY. 

in  \  and  make  him  a  presenl  of  }00  guilders  ($120.)  It  they  sin  mid  be 
raptured  by  the  Dunkirkers,  the  Patroon  would  seek  to  ransom  them,  and 
forward  the  in  on  their  voyage,  and  pay  them  40  guilders  per  month  ($16) 
during  their  detention.  The  Patroon  would  also  build  him  a  house  in  his 
colony:  and  besides  preaching  to  the  Dutch,  he  was  to  seek  to  edify  the 
Indians.  The  patroon  would  pay  him  yearly,  1,000  guilders,  ($400.)  which 
would  enable  him  to  maintain  his  family  honorably,  without  tilling  land, 
engaging  in  commerce,  or  rearing  cattle.  This  was  to  be  paid  in  provisions, 
clothing,  and  such  like,  besides  a  yearly  present  of  30  bushels  of  wheat  and 
two  firkins  of  butter,  or  60  guilders  ($24)  worth  of  other  things.  In  case 
of  his  decease,  the  Patroon  would  pay  his  widow  the  half  year's  -alary  on 
which  he  had  entered  and  too  guilders  ($40)  per  year  until  the  expiration 
of  the  six  years'  contract.  He  was  also  to  befriend  and  serve  the  patroon 
in  every  way  possible. 

The  Patroon  then,  (Mar.  17.  1642),  sought  the  approbation  of  the  call  by 
the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  (Mints,  of  CI.,  iv.,  249.)  This  was  done  on  the 
following  day  by  the  Deputies.  (Mints.  Deputies,  xx.  70.)  The  ecclesias- 
tical call  is  dated  March  22.  It  refers  to  the  door  opened  in  the  East  and 
West  Indies  for  the  preaching  of  the  Gospel,  and  of  the  benefits  thus  al- 
ready secured:  that  Kilian  Van  Rensselaet  had  founded  a  colony  on  the 
North  River,  of  which  he  was  Patroon,  and  would  fain  have  a  good 
preacher  there:  that  Domine  Johannes  Megapolenis,  Jr.,  pastor  at  S<  h 
and  Berge  had  been  called  "to  preach  God's  Word  in  the  said  Colony,  to 
administer  the  Holy  Sacraments  of  baptism  and  the  Lord's  Supper;  to  set 
a  Christian  example  to  the  congregation,  by  public  precept  :  to  ordain  elders 
and  deacons,  according  to  the  form  of  the  holy  Apostle  Paul.  I.  Tim.  iii. 
and  v.  I  :  and  by  the  advice  and  assistance  of  the  same,  to  keep  and  govern 
God's  church  in  good  discipline  and  order,  all  according  to  God's  Holy 
Word,  and  in  conformity  with  the  government,  confession,  and  catechism 
of  the  Netherland  churches,  and  the  Synodical  Vets  of  Dorr,  subscribed 
by  him.  to  this  end.  with  his  own  hand,  and  promised  in  the  presence  of 
Cod  at  his  ordination":  .  .  .  "May  the  Almighty  God,  who  hath  called 
him  to  this  ministry,  and  instilled  this  good  zeal  in  his  heart,  to  proclaim 
Christ  to  Christians  and  heathens  in  such  distant  lands,  strengthen  him 
more  and  more,  in  this,  his  undertaking:  enrich  him  with  all  sorts  01  spir- 
itual  gifts,  and  bless  overflowinglj  his  faithful  labors;  and  when  the  Chief 
Shepherd.  Christ  Jesus,  shall  appear,  presenl  him  with  the  imperishable 
crown  of  eternal  glory.     Amen." 

This  was  signed  by  the  officers  of  Chassis,  and  an  elder  of  Classis.  Jonas 
Abeek,  and  by  two  directors  of  the  West  India  Co.    "Mints.  CI.,"  iv.,  240. 

On  April  8,  a  committee  of  the  Deputies  reports,  'hat  they  had  been  be- 
fore the  Consistory  of  Schorel,  and  the  Classis  of  Alkmaar.  and  secured 
the  dismissal  of  Megapolensis.  "Acts  ,,f  Deputies."  xx..  72.  The  Deputies 
reported  this  to  tin-  Classic  on  June  _>.  "Mints  Classis."  iv.,  258.  "k\- 
."  xxxix.,  107. 
On  Ap.  _'_'.  1042,  the  Classic  wrote  to  the  Consistory  of  New  Amsterdam 
about  various  matters.  Among  other  things  we  read  :— "There  is  also  to 
he   -ml   1  •  >   New    Netherland,   notwithstanding  a   verbal   protest,  to   wit.   to 


THE    MINISTRY.  613 

Rensselaerswyck,  a  certain  minister  of  the  name  of  John  Megapolensis, 
who  has  been  in  the  ministry  in  this  country  for  a  long  time  already,  (since 
1634,)  with  whom  .  .  .  Rev.  Bogardus  and  his  entire  Consistory  are 
admonished  and  exhorted,  to  hold  correspondence  and  communion,  so  far 
at  least  as  the  circumstances  and  the  place  permit;  and  thus  with  united 
hands,  to  proclaim  the  Word  of  the  Lord,  not  only  among  our  own  nation- 
ality, but  also  among  the  blind  heathen  in  America." 

The  Patroon  provided  Megapolensis  with  a  Library,  consisting  of  17  sets 
of  works,  Classical,  Theological,  Geographical,  and  Philosophical  (See 
list  and  remarks  on  the  same  by  Dr.  T.  Romeyn  Beck,  in  O'Callaghan,  i. 
454-5-)  He  sailed  about  June  6,  1642,  and  arrived  in  August  with  a  num- 
ber of  emigrants.  For  some  details,  see  pages  25-27,  31,  of  this  work.  Ac- 
cording to  his  own  statements,  he  was  57  years  old  in  1658,  when  he  wrote 
to  Father  Le  Moyne.  This  does  not  agree  with  the  former  statement  that 
he  was  39  in  1642,  as  mentioned  in  the  contract  with  Van  Rensselaer. 
There  is  also  a  difficulty  to  be  cleared  up  about  his  father  being  a  minister 
at  Koedyk,  unless  he  entered  the  Protestant  Ministry  very  late  in  life;  for 
his  son  was  a  Roman  Catholic  up  to  1624,  when  his  father  would  have  been 
about  56  years  of  age. 

He  soon  exerted  a  visible  influence  in  restraining  the  immoralities  of 
frontier  life.  He  was  instrumental  in  saving  Father  Jogues,  a  Jesuit  mis- 
sionary, from  the  extremity  of  torture  and  probable  death  at  the  hands  of 
the  Mohawk  Indians.  Father  Jogues  had  been  captured  while  ascending 
the  St.  Lawrence.  The  Dutch  at  once  sought  to  ransom  him,  but  were  re- 
fused. At  first  the  Indians  despised  the  zeal  of  Jogues  ;  but  after  some 
months  they  began  to  listen  to  his  teachings,  and  a  tew  were  baptized. 
They  took  him  with  them  to  Fort  Orange.  While  there,  a  report  was  re- 
ceived that  the  French  had  defeated  the  Mohawks,  and  the  Dptch  com- 
mander advised  the  missionary  not  to  risk  their  vengeance  by  returning, 
but  now  to  effect  his  escape.  He  remained  in  close  concealment  for  six 
weeks.  Domine  Megapolensis  was  his  constant  friend,  and  saw  him  safely 
embarked  for  New  Amsterdam,  whence  he  proceeded  to  Europe.  He  sub- 
sequently returned  to  Canada  and  visited  the  Mohawks,  by  whom  he  was 
put  to  death.  In  1644  Father  Bressani  was  also  rescued  from  the  Indians 
by  the  Dutch  and  treated  with  great  kindness.  Gov.  Kieft  gave  him  a  letter 
of  safe  conduct.  Similar  kindness  was  shown  to  Father  Poncet  when  in 
trouble. 

Megapolensis  also  learned  the  heavy  language  of  the  Mohawks,  so  as  to 
be  able  to  preach  to  them  fluently.  A  number  of  them  united  with  his 
church  in  Albany.  He  was  the  first  Protestant  missionary  to  the  Indians, 
preceding  by  several  years  John  Eliot,  in  New  England.  Stopping  at  New- 
Amsterdam  on  his  way  back  to  Europe,  he  was  prevailed  on  by  Governor 
Stuyvesant  to  remain  there,  that  that  colony  might  not  be  left  destitute  of 
ministerial  service,  Backerus  having  just  left.  While  here  he  exhibited 
an  intolerant  spirit  toward  the  Lutherans  and  Independents.  The  West 
India  Company  enjoined  him  not  to  be  too  precise  on  indifferent  matters, 
which  rather  tended  to  create  schism  than  to  edify  the  flock.  (Drisius.) 
In  1658,  he  was  visited  by  Father  Le  Moyne,  a  Jesuit,  who  spent  the  winter 


014 


THE    MINISTRY. 


in  New  Netherlands.  A  friendship  grew  up  between  them.  For  an  ac- 
count of  Le  Moyne's  effort  to  convert  Megapolensis  back  to  Romanism,  and 
the  remarkable  treatise  on  Popery  which  Megapolensis  wrote,  see  pages 
37-39  of  this  work,  and  Note  15  on  page  44.  This  treatise  ought  to  be 
published  in  Latin  and  English,  not  for  polemical  reasons,  of  course,  but 
as  an  exhibition  of  the  learning  and  ability  of  this  famous  old  divine. 

Megapolensis  got  into  not  a  little  difficulty  with  the  West  India  Com- 
pany because  of  the  part  he  took  at  the  English  conquest  of  the  country. 

To  prevent  effusion  of  blood,  as  they  had  no  adequate  means  of  defense, 
he  strongly  advised  Stuyvesant  to  surrender  when  the  English  demanded 
it,  in  1664.  He  was  a  man  of  thorough  scholarship,  energetic  character, 
and  devoted  piety.  He  saw  the  infancy  of  the  Dutch  province,  watched  its 
growth,  and  saw  its  surrender.  The  original  form  of  the  family  name  was 
Van  Mekelenburg,  which  was  Hellenized  into  Megapolensis  when  his  father 
came  into  Holland,  becoming  minister  at  Egmont  on  the  sea,  and  afterward 
at  Koedyck  and  Pancras,  in  North  Holland. 

The  following  epitaph  was  written  by  Domine  Selyns  : 


GRAAFSCHR1FT. 

Nieuw   Nederlander,   schreyt, 

En  spaert  geen  tranen,  want 
Megapolensis  leyt 

(Zuyl  van  Nieuw  Nederlandt) 
Heir  uyt  syn  voile  leden. 

Syn  onvermoeyde  werck 
Was  bidden  dag  en  nacht. 

En  yv'ren  in  Godts  kerck. 
Nu  rust  hy,  en  belacht 

Des  weerelts  vdelheden. 


EPITAPH. 

New  Netherlander,  weep. 

Check  not  the  gushing  tear. 
In  perfect  shade  doth  sleep 

Megapolensis  here — 
New  Netherland's  great   treasure. 

His  never-tiring  work 
Was,  day  and  night,  to  pray, 

And  zeal  in  th'  Church  exert. 
Now  let  him  rest  where  may 

He  scorn  all  worldly  pleasure. 


Amst.  Cor.,"  many  letters.  "Col.  Hist.,  N.Y.,"  i.  431,  496,  505;  ii.  455, 
473.  509,  722,  726;  iii.  76,  250;  xiii.  423.  "Doc.  Hist."  iii.  69.  Call  and  con- 
tract at  Albany,  printed  in  "Munsell's  Annals"  i.  92-4,  and  "O'Callaghan's 
New  Netherland,"  i.  448-450.  Sketch  of,  by  J.  R.  Brodhead,  in  "Hist. 
Soc.  Coll.,"  1857,  139.  Sketch  of,  by  Dr.  Thos.  De  Witt,  in  "Sprague's 
Annals."  "Brodhead's  Hist  of  N.Y.,"  vol.  i.  See  Index.  "Rogers'  Hist. 
Dis.,"  1857.  "McClintock's  Cyc."  Also  Archbishop  Bayley's  "Hist.  Cath. 
Ch.  of  N.Y.,"  14-21,  25.  "Charlevoix,"  i.  634.  "Shea's  ed.  of  Charlevoix," 
ii.  138.    "Jesuits'  Relation,"  1642-3,  p.  243.    "Doct.  Hist.  N.Y.,"  iv.  14,  20. 

Publications:  Een  Kort  oh  twerp  van  de  Mahakavase  (Mohawk)  In- 
dium 11,  haer  landt,  tale,  statuere,  dracht,  godes-dienst,  ende  magistrature. 
Aldus  beschreven  ende  nu  Kortelijck  den  26  Augusti,  1644,  opgesonden  uit 
Nieuw  Neder  Lant.  Door  J.  M.  Juniorem,  Predikant  aldaar.  Mitsgaders 
een  kort  verhaal  van  het  leven  ende  statuere  der  Stapongers  in  Brasiel. 
t'Alckmaer,  by  Ysbr.  Jansz.  v.  Houten.  8vo,  pp.  32.  (No  date.)  With  a 
plate.  Pub.  in  Holland  without  his  consent,  1651.  (A  short  Account  of 
the  Mohawk  Indians,  their  country,  language,  figure,  costume,  religion, 
and   government.      Written  and   despatched   from   New   Netherland.    Aug:. 


THE    MINISTRY. 


615 


26,  1644,  by  J.  M.,  minister  there.  With  a  brief  account  of  the  life  and 
manners  of  the  Stapongers  in  Brazil.)  Translations  may  be  found  in 
"Hazard's  State  Papers,"  i.  517-526,  and  in  the  Hist.  Collections  of  the 
State  of  N.  Y.,  vol.  iii.  See  "Duyckinck's  Cyc.  Lit.,"  i.  80. — Onderzoeck 
en  belydemis  Ten  behoeve  van  degenen  die  aan  S.  Heeren  avondmaal  men- 
schen  te  gaan.  (Examination  and  Confession  for  the  Benefit  of  those  who 
desire  to  partake  of  the  Lord's  Supper.  1656.)  To  these  should  be  added 
his  yet  unpublished  Treatise  on  Popery,  or  Answer  to  Father  Le  Moyne, 
1658,  as  mentioned  above.  The  copy  which  he  sent  to  Amsterdam  is  now 
in  the  "Archives  of  the  General  Synod,"  and  a  few  typewritten  copies  in 
Latin  and  English  have  been  made.  It  was  thought  unwise  to  publish  this 
with  the  "Amsterdam  Documents,"  now  in  course  of  publication  by  the 
State  of  New  York,  on  account  of  its  polemical  character.  All  the  docu- 
ments and  letters  relating  to  Megapolensis  will  probably  be  issued  during 
the  current  year,  1902.  Still  other  facts  could  be  learned  about  him  by 
further  researches  at  Schoorel  and  Berge,  and  in  the  "Minutes  of  the  Clas- 
sis  of  Alkmaar."    See  also  references  under  name  of  Samuel  Megapolensis. 

Megapolensis,  Samuel,  (son  of  John  Megapolensis),  born  1632  (others  say 
1634,  1641)  ;  Harvard  Coll.  1653-6,  matriculated  at  Utrecht  Univ.  Sept. 
1656;  lie.  by  CI.  of  Haarlem,  about  1659;  matriculated  at  Leyden  Univ. 
to  study  Medicine,  Nov.  14,  1661,  (his  age  being  given  as  20)  ;  ord. 
Oct.  3,  1662,  by  CI.  of  Amsterdam;  sailed  for  America,  Jan.,  1664, 
New  Amsterdam,  1664-8,  returned  to  Holland;  pastor  at  Wieringer- 
waard  and  South  Zype,  in  N.  Holland,  1670-7,  at  Flushing,  1677-85,  at 
Dordrecht  (the  Scotch  Church,)  1685-1700,  emeritus.    Died  1706. 

His  father  writes  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  Sept.  25,  1658: 
"Reverend,  Pious,  and  Learned  Brethren  in  Christ: — 

"I  have  a  son  named  Samuel,  now  entering  on  his  twenty-fifth  year.  I 
instructed  him  myself  for  several  years  in  the  Latin  and  Greek  languages. 
I  then  sent  him  to  the  Academy  of  Cambridge,  in  New  England,  where  I 
allowed  him  to  pursue  his  studies  for  three  years  at  my  own  expense. 
When  he  returned  home,  he  was  desirous  of  visiting  one  of  the  universities 
of  the  Fatherland,  and  of  continuing  his  studies  therein.  He  accordingly 
went  over  to  Utrecht,  and  having  letters  to  Domine  Voetius,  he  entered 
the  university  there.  Although  he  is  now  separated  from  me  many  hun- 
dred miles,  and  I  remain  ignorant  of  his  progress  in  his  studies,  or  of  his 
deportment  in  life,  nevertheless  as  he  conducted  himself  diligently,  studi- 
ously, and  virtuously  during  his  three  years'  residence  in  New  England, 
according  to  ample  testimonials  given  him,  I  trust  that  as  he  grows  older, 
he  will  not  exhibit  less  industry  in  study,  or  less  excellency  of  conduct  in 
the  University  of  Utrecht ;  and  since  he  is  so  faithfully  attending  to  his 
studies  during  the  year  now  passing,  that  he  will  soon  be  prepared  for  an. 
entrance  on  the  Gospel  ministry. 

"At  the  same  time,  owing  to  the  condition  of  the  churches  here,  and  that 
it  is  necessary  that  there  should  be  sent  out  some  English  and  Dutch  preach- 
ers, it  is  my  fraternal  and  submissive  request,  that  when  this  subject  comes 
before  the  Hon.  Directors,  and  the  Rev.  Classis,  that  my  son  Samuel  may 


6l6  1  Ml      MINISTRY. 

be  taken  into  consideration.  And  if  he  be  deemed  qualified  lor  the  office 
of  the  ministry,  whether  in  Dutch  or   English  towns,  as  he   understands 

and  speaks  the  English  well,  that  he  may  be  sent  over  in  that  capacity. 
As  he  is  my  youngest  son,  and  I  have  been  at  much  expense  for  him,  having 
kept  him  for  three  years  in  New  England,  and  now  he  is  in  the  third  at 
Utrecht,  supporting  him  solely  at  my  own  expense,  1  cherish  a  strong 
desire  to  see  him  again  among  us  before  I  die;  as  I  expect  that  New 
Netherland,  where  1  have  now  passed  seventeen  years  of  my  ministry, 
will  be  the  place  of  my  burial.  It  will  be  a  great  joy  to  me  to  have  my 
son  return,  qualified  by  God  in  doctrine  and  life,  to  build  up  the  church  in 
tins  land.  1  commit  these  matters  to  God's  providence  and  your  kindness. 
May  God  bless  and  strengthen  you  and  myself  in  our  ministries,  to  the 
glory  of  his  name,  the  edification  of  his  church,  and  the  salvation  of  our 
souls.  Yours  affectionately, 

"Johannes   Megapolensis.- 
"New  Amsterdam,  in  New  Netherland.  Sept.  25,  1658." 

But  it  was  six  years  after  this  before  he  returned  to  America.  On  May 
30,  1661,  he  appears  before  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  as  a  theological  can- 
didate, and  asks  to  be  accepted  as  a  "recommended  candidate.-'  "Good 
testimonials  from  the  Classis  of  Haarlem  having  been  read  concerning 
him,  and  he  having  delivered  a  trial  sermon  before  the  Deputies,  his  re- 
quest was  granted,  after  the  usual  subscription,  lie  lives  at  Yianen." 
This  is  in  South  Holland.     "-Mints.  CI.  Amst,"  vi.,  228. 

On  Aug.  21,  1662,  one  of  the  Deputati  informed  the  Classis  that  the  Di- 
rectors  of  the  West  India  Company  wanted  another  minister  for  New 
Netherland,  and  that  the  matter  could  not  brook  any  delay.  I  hree  persons 
were  nominated,  and  Rev.  S.  Megapolensis  was  chosen  by  a  majority  of 
votes.  His  examination  was  fixed  for  Sept.  4,  and  Acts  26:17.  t8,  was  given 
him  as  a  text  for  a  sermon.  "Mints.  CI.,"  vi.  276.  The  matter  was  sub- 
sequently postponed  until  Oct.  3,  1662.  On  that  day  he  preached  his  ser- 
mon, passed  his  examination,  and  was  ordained.     "Mints.  CI.,"  vi..  279. 

Nevertheless,  we  find  him  again  matriculating  at  Utrecht  University  in 
1663,  giving  his  residence  as  Holland.  On  June  2,  1663,  we  find  the  Depu- 
tati reporting  to  the  Classis  that  he  asked  the  Directors  of  the  Company, 
through  them,  for  an  increase  of  salary,  since  he  would  have  to  preach 
in  two  languages.  But  the  Classis  would  not  consider  this.  Since  he  was 
also  studying  Medicine,  at  Leyden,  the  Deputati  were  directed  to  call  his 
attention  to  the  resolutions  of  the  Synod  against  the  practice  of  medicine 
by  ministers;  "and  that,  according  to  his  promise,  he  must  depart  as  soon 
as  possible,  the  sooner  the  better,  to  his  designated  field  of  labor."  "Mints. 
CI.,"  vi.,  308-9.  On  June  25,  the  same  things  were  reiterated  by  Classis. 
He  did  not  sail  until  Jan.  20,  1664.    "Col.  Docs.."  ii.,  223. 

He  was,  accordingly,  between  eight  and  nine  years  in  Holland,  and  re- 
mained only  four  years  in  America,  when  he  did  return.  On  his  arrival  in 
New  Amsterdam,  Selyns  was  allowed  to  return  to  Holland.  July,   1664. 

But  the  time  of  the  surrender  was  at  hand.  In  August,  he  and  his 
father,   with   many  others,   were   sent  to   meet   Nicholls,    whose   fleet   lay 


THE    MINISTRY.  617 

menacing  the  city.  He  was  one  of  the  commissioners  also  appointed  to 
prepare  the  terms  of  surrender.  Probably  it  was  through  his  influence 
that  the  rights  of  the  Reformed  Church  were  so  carefully  guarded.  After- 
ward, in  Holland,  he  labored  in  the  same  church  for  a  time,  (Flushing,) 
from  which,  a  century  later.  Laidlie  was  called  to  preach  in  English  in 
New  York.  For  terms  of  surrender,  see  "Brodhead's  N.Y.,"  i.  762;  "Amst. 
Cor.";  "Col.  Hist.."  i.  496;  ii.  223,  253,  413,  722,  736;  iii.  76.  "Balen's 
Description  of  Dordrecht."  195;  "Steven,  Hist,  of  the  British  chs.  in  the 
Netherlands,"  300,  306;  "Vrolijherd,  Vlissingen,  (Flushing)  Kerkhemel," 
150,  151,  328;  "Schotel,  Church  of  Dordrecht,"  Part  I.,  438,  Part  II.,  217; 
"O'Callaghan,  New  Netherland,"  i.  439.  "Van  der  Aa's  Biographisch 
Woordenboek,"  "Amst.  Cor." 

Meinema,  Benj.,  lie.  1727;  Kollum,  Friesland,  17.  .-1745,  Poughkeepsie  and 

Fishkill,  1745-56,  d.  1761 
Mellen,  Henry  Merle,  Woodside,  Newark,  N.J.,  1900 ■ 

Menning,  Seine  J.,  b.  Apeldoorn,  Netherlands;  H.C. ;  W.S.  93,  1.  CI.  Iowa; 

Lafayette,  Ind.:  93-5,  Le  Mars,  la.,  95-7,  Churchville.  Minn.,  1897 

Merrill,  Franklin,  b.  Chesterfield,  N.Y.,  Mar.  22,  1818;  P.S.  43.  ord.  Presb. 

L.I.,   Nov.   8,  49;    (Raynor,   South  Ch.,   N.Y..  49-53,   Stillwater,   N.Y., 

1853-8,)  Saratoga,  1858-61,  d.  Ap.  1.    See  Manual  of  1879. 
Merritt,  William  B.,  b.  at  Kingston,  N.Y.,  Ap.  4,  1836;  R.C.  62,  N.B.S.  65, 

1.  CI.  N.Y.;  Flatbush,  Ulster  Co..  N.Y.,  65-73.  New  York  City,  Union 

Ch.  Sixth  av.,  1873-9,  d.  Sept.  2. 

In  the  prime  of  manhood,  in  the  midst  of  a  Christian  service,  conceded 
to  be  most  successful  in  the  fulness  of  a  most  vigorous  life,  was  he  called 
from  earth  to  heaven.  While  in  business,  his  Christian  character  developed 
in  strength  and  beauty,  and  his  association  with  active  Christian  lay- 
men revealed  his  aptness  for  Christian  labor.  In  his  charges  he 
was  remarkably  successful  in  winning  souls  and  in  developing 
the  activities  of  his  people.  He  was  very  influential  in  all  the 
religious  movements  .about  him  This  was  especially  evident  when  he 
moved  to  New  York.  His  faithful  preaching,  his  untiring  zeal  in  behalf 
of  the  lost  and  fallen,  and  his  self-denying  devotion,  were  abundantly  re- 
warded with  success.  His  genial,  hearty  and  sympathetic  manner  gave  him 
great  advantage  in  securing  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  those  whom  he 
sought  to  influence.  Few  had  so  extensive  a  circle  of  warm  personal 
friends.  He  was  an  earnest  and  devoted  guide  to  the  erring,  and  an  im- 
portunate pleader  with  the  sinner.  He  was  devoted  to  the  interests  of  the 
Board  of  Publication,  and  to  him  mainly  was  the  perpetuation  of  its  ex- 
istence due,  when  passing  through  severe  financial  embarrassments.  He 
labored  energetically  in  the  cause  of  temperance,  and  was  prominent  in  the 
good  work  of  the  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Crime. 

Publications:  Memorial  Ser.  on  "Death  of  J.  Judson  Buck."— Address 
on  "Agriculture."— Disc,  at  Fun.  of  "Rev.  L.  H.  Van  Doren." 

Mershon,  Albert  Lincoln,  b.  Newark,  N.J.,  1866;  C.NJ.  87,  P.S.  92;  Bound 
Brook,  93-5,  Anandale,  95-8:   (Presbyt.)     See  "P.S.  Gen.  Cat." 


6l8  Nil.    MINISTRY. 

Mershon,  Stephen  Lyon.  b.  Kentucky.  1827.  C.N.J.  50,  P.S.  53.  Middle- 
bush,  69-74,  d.  Ap.  12.     See  "P.S.  Gen.  Cat."  and  Manual  of  1879. 

Mesick,  John  F.,  b.  Guilderland,  Albany  Co.,  N.Y.,  June  28.  1813;  R.C.  34, 
NLB.S.  37.  1.  CI.  Green;  Rochester.  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  37-40,  (Harris- 
burg,  Ger.  Ref.)  40-55,  Raritan,  2d,  1855-82,  w.  c.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1853. 

Publications:  "Evils  of  Dancing."  1846. — "How  to  Rise  in  the 
World."  In  "The  Guardian,"  1851. — "Undarstandest  thou  what  thou 
readest"?  In  "The  Guardian."  185 1. — "The  Intellectual  and  Moral  Char- 
acteristics of  Infidelity."  1851. — -"Amusements."  In  "The  Guardian,"  1852. 
— "Woman's  Obligations  and  Duties  to  the  Temperance  Cause."  1852. — 
"The  Papacy  the  Anti-Christ  of  Scripture."  1853. — "Economy  and  Ef- 
ficiency of  Christianity  as  a  Means  of  Social  Reform  and  Regeneration." 
In  "Prot.  Quarterly,"  1851. — "Formal  Religion."  In  "Prof.  Quarterly," 
1854. — -"Temperance  and  Patriotism."  1856.— Ser.  at  Fun.  of  "Jas.  Taylor." 
1859. — "Thanksgiving  a  Duty  in  Time  of  Civil  War."  1861. — "An  Argu- 
ment in  the  Case  of  Cen.  Ref.  Ch.,  Plainfield,"  before  Classis.  1872. — Hist. 
Ser.  at  40th  Anniv.  of  2d  Ref.  Ch.,  Somerville.  1S74. — Memoir  of  Maria 
Frelinghuysen,  daughter  of  Gen.  Fred.  Frelinghuysen,  and  wife  of  Rev. 
John  Cornell.     In  MSS. 

Messier,  Ab.,  b.  at  Whitehouse,  N.J..  Nov.  15.  1800;  U.C.  21,  N.B.S.  24,  I. 
CI.  N.B. ;  Miss,  to  Montville,  Aug.-Nov.  24.  Miss,  to  Ovid,  24,  Ovid, 
25-8,  Miss,  in  North  st.,  New  York  City,  28-9,  Pompton  Plains  and 
Montville,  29-32,  Raritan,  1st,  1832-82,  d.  June  12.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1848. 
Elected  a  trustee  of  R.C.  1845.     President  of  Gen.  Synod,  1847. 
As  a  preacher  he  combined   discursive  thoughtfulness   with   expository 
methods.     His  sermons  were  clear  and  analytical,  filled  with  Gospel  truth 
adapted  to  reach  the  conscience  and  affect  the  heart.    He  delivered  them  in 
distinct  and  manly  tones.     He  expressed  his  thoughts  with  great  felicity 
and  beauty  of  language,  and  his  auditors  were  moved  under  his  eloquent 
and  earnest  words.     The  grand  feature  of  his  sermons  was  Jesus  Christ 
as   the   Saviour  of  the   soul.     He   was   also  deeply   interested   in   leading 
young  men  into  the  Christian  ministry.     No  less  than  thirteen  consecrated 
themselves  to  this  service  during  his  pastorate  at  Somerville.    He  also  was 
largely  instrumental   in  the  organization  of  at  least  seven  churches.     He 
was   a   man   of   studious    habits   and    wide-reaching    investigation.      There 
were  few  of  the  ordinary  subjects  of  thought  that  had  not  at  one  time  or 
another  engaged  his   attention.     In   1854  he  spent  five  months  in  Europe. 
His  friend  and  parishioner,  Hon.   Peter  D.  Vroom,  was  then   American 
minister  at  Berlin,  and  this  gave  him  many  special  privileges  and  advan- 
tages.   On  his  return  he  wrote  20  articles  on  "Local  Reminiscences  of  Hol- 
land and  Belgium" ;  24  on  "The  Rhine  and  the  Rhineland" ;  and  12  on  the 
'Lie  of  Wight."     In  1861  he  wrote  a  series  of  13  articles  on  the  "Belgic 
ssion  of  Faith,"  and  these  are  probably  the  most  elaborate  history 
of  that  Confession  in  the  English  language      See  Rev.  Dr.  John  A.  Todd's 
"Memorial  Discourse,"  1882,  and  the  local  papers  of  the  day,  as  well  as 
the  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  June  and  July.  1882. 
Publications:     "Fruits  of  Earlv   Pietj    '     "American  S.S.U."     1838. — 


THE   MINISTRY  6lQ 

''Pastor's  Memorial."  1852.— "Eight  Memorial  Sers.  and  Hist.  Notes  of 
Chs.  in  Somerset  Co.,  NJ."  1873.— "Life  and  Pub.  Services  of  Ex-Gov. 
Vroom."  1874.— "Centennial  Hist,  of  Somerset  Co."  1878.— Ser.  at  Dedi- 
cation of  Ch.  Lodi,  N.Y.,  1827.  ("Mag.  R.D.C.,"  ii.  11,  38.— Address  at 
Laying  Corner-stone  of  Ch.  Raritan,  1835.— Ser.  at  Dedication,  1836.— "St. 
Paul's  Gratitude  to  Onesephorous."  1839. — "Man  Frail  and  Mortal":  Fun. 
Ser.  of  J.  H.  Castner.  1841. — "Domestic  Feeling  in  Our  Church."  1845  — 
"Life  and  Immortality":  Fun.  Ser.  of  Mrs.  Thompson.  1849.— Ser.  at 
Ordination  of  Rev.  J.  Gaston.  1852.— Ser.  at  the  Install,  of  Rev.  John 
Steele.  1853.— "The  End  of  the  Upright" :  Ser.  at  Fun.  of  Jas.  Campbell. 
1864.— Ser.  on  "Death  of  Pres.  Lincoln."  1865.— Thanksgiving  Ser.  1868. 
—"The  Hollanders  in  N.J."  1830.— Address  at  Dr.  G.  Ludlow's  Semi- 
centennial. 1871. — Address  at  Fun.  of  Rev.  Van  Liew.  1869. — In  "Som- 
erset Messenger"  the  following:  "Indians  on  the  Raritan":  "Military 
Operations  in  Somerset  Co.  in  Revolution";  "Chimney  Rock";  "Washing- 
ton Rock";  "Simcoe's  Raid";  "First  Things  in  Old  Somerset". — Serials 
in  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  as  follows:  "The  Christian  Ministry,"  52 
arts.,  1853;  "In  Belgium,"8  arts.;  of  the  "Rhine  and  Rhineland,"24  arts. ;  of 
the  "Isle  of  Wight,"  12  arts. ;  "Reforms  and  Reformers  Before  the  Reform- 
ation," 33  arts.;  "Science  and  the  Bible,"  13  arts. — Editorials  in  "Ch.  Int.," 
1855-61;  again,  1870-1. — Arts,  in  "Sprague's  Annals":  "On  Rev.  T.  J. 
Frelinghuysen ;  "On  Rev.  J.  R.  Hardenbergh." — "Reminiscences  of  Dr.  T. 
De  Witt"  in  "De  Witt  Memorial." 

Messler,  Isaac,  b.  Whitehouse.  X.J.,  Aug.  4,  1867;  R.C.  93,  N.B.S.  96,  1. 
CI.  Raritan;  Sharon  Centre,  97-1901,  Ghent,  1st,  1901 

Meulendyke,  Josias,  b.  Rochester,  N.Y.,  Feb.  14,  1849;  H.C.  73,  U.S.  76, 
1.  CI.  Holland;  S.S.  Otley  and  Sand  Ridge,  la.,  77-8,  Danforth,  111., 
79-82,  Holland,  Mich.,  (Ebenezer,)  83-4,  Fremont,  Mich.,  85-90,  Clas- 
sical Missionary  in  Mich.,  90-2,  Waupun,  1892 

Meury,  Edward  G.  W.,  (son  of  John  Meury),  b.  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  Nov.  3, 
1874:  R-C  98,  N.B.S.  1901,  1.  S.  CI.  Bergen;  N.Y.C.,  Middle  Collegiate! 

IQOI 

Meury,  Emil  A.,  (son  of  John  Meury.)  b.  Baltimore,  Md.,  Jan.  4,  1861 ; 
Bloomfield,  Academic  Dept.,  79,  Bloomfield,  Theolog.  Dept,  83,  lie. 
Presbyt.    Brooklyn,    83;    ord.    S.    CI.    Bergen.    83;    Hudson    City,    2d, 

1883 Also  Chaplain  of  Hudson  Co.,  N.J..  Institutions  of  Charities 

and  Corrections,  98-1900;  Chaplain  32d  Reg.  of  Nat.  Guards,  N.Y., 
87-91. 

Meury,  John,  b.  at  Blauen,  Switzerland,  about  1827,  c.  to  America,  i860; 
(Baltimore,  Md.,  60-7)  ;  Melrose,  N.Y.,  67-1870 ;  (Brooklyn,  Presbyt). 

Meyer,  see  Myer. 

Meyer,  Andrew  John7  b.  Albany,  N.Y.,  Dec.   16,  1874;  R.C.  97,  N.B.S. 

1900,  1.  CI.  Albany,  Montague,  N.J.,  1900 

Meyer,   Hermanus,  b.  in  Bremen,  Germany,   about   1720;   matriculated  at 

Groningen  University,  Hoi.,  Sept.  6,  1747,  for  the  study  of  Theology; 

residence,  Bremen;  one  of  the  same  name  and  place,    (probably  the 

same  one),   matriculated   at  Groningen  University,   Sept.  6,   1757,   for 


620  THE     Ml. MM  Kl 

tin.'  study  of  Theol<  >gy  ;  (another  of  same  name,  matriculated  at  Gro- 
ningen,  Sept.  to,  1718,  for  study  of  Theology;  residence  Oldamptinus; 
this  may  have  been  the  father  of  the  American  .Meyer).  Kingston, 
X.V..  1763-72,  Totowa,  Fairfield,  and  Pompton  Plains,  1772-85,  To- 
towa  and  Pompton  Plains,  1785  91,  d.  Oct.  27.  Also  Prof,  of  Hebrew. 
1784-91,  and  Lector  in  Theology,  1786-91.     D.D.  by  Q.C   1789. 

He  was  as  much  distinguished  for  the  warmth  of  his  piety  and  the  ardor 
of  his  evangelical  preaching  as  for  his  deep  reading  and  learning.  But  a 
few  months'  exercise  of  his  faithful  preaching  made  it  manifest  that  there 
was  a  wide  difference  between  his  sentiments  and  /-eal  and  those  to  which 
the  people  of  his  first  charge  had  been  accustomed.  Mancius,  his  pre- 
decessor, had  much  learning  and  ability  for  discussion,  and  could  triumph- 
antly defend  the  doctrines;  but,  alas!  consciences  slumbered.  .Meyer,  on 
the  other  hand,  was  very  practical  and  pointed.  His  preaching  excited 
disgust,  opposition,  and  enmity.  Such  was  the  disposition  in  many  of  the 
early  churches  toward  doctrines  which  they  now  love. 

So  practical  was  his  preaching,  that  many  of  his  people  declared  that, 
while  they  respected  the  man.  it  was  impossible  to  sit  under  his  ministry. 
After  preaching  once  pointedly  on  the  necessity  of  regeneration,  one  of  his 
officers  met  him  and  said,  "Flesh  and  blood  cannot  endure  such  preaching." 
He  quickly  answered.  "Flesh  and  blood  cannot  inherit  the  kingdom  of 
God."    They  could  find  no  just  ground  of  accusation  against  him. 

In  1764,  he  was  compelled  by  the  civil  authorities  to  take  the  oath  of 
allegiance  to  Great  Britain,  renouncing,  as  the  oath  required,  all  allegiance, 
civil  or  ecclesiastical,  to  any  other  power.  This  made  him  feel  that  he  had 
abjured  the  authority  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  though  he  desired  to 
keep  up  brotherly  correspondence.  The  matter  was  so  important  that  it 
became  the  subject  of  official  correspondence  by  the  civil  power,  as  it  was 
feared  that  independent  charters  of  non-conforming  churches  might  become 
detrimental  to  the  Established  Church  of  England.  Yet  the  terms  of  sur- 
render in  1664  expressly  guaranteed  to  the  Dutch  freedom  in  all  religious 
matters.  But  the  Ccetus  party  now  took  advantage  of  this  matter  of  the 
oath  to  help  their  cause.  Dr.  .Meyer  at  first  indeed  refused  to  take  it.  and 
only  on  the  advice  of  Hon.  Wm.  Livingston,  an  eminent  jurist  of  New 
Jersey,  did  he  finally  consent.  This  gave  great  offense  to  his  Consistory, 
who  were  of  the  Conference  party. 

At  length  his  marriage  with  one  of  the  families  of  the  Ccetus  party  (a 
sister  of  Dr.  Hardenbergh)  formed  division  lines.  The  flames  of  discord 
began  to  spread.  The  Church  was  convulsed.  Certain  Conferentie  minis- 
ters (Rysdyck,  Fryenmoet,  and  Cock)  were  invited  by  his  enemies  to  come 
and  judge  their  affairs,  and,  though  themselves  fighting  against  independent 
judicatories  in  America,  audaciously  took  it  upon  themselves  to  hear 
charges  and  to  suspend  Mr.  Meyer  from  the  mini-try.  discharging  his  con- 
gregation from  their  obligations  to  him.  (1766.)  Party  lines  were  formed, 
approving  or  condemning  this  strange  procedure.  Thus  this  excellent  and 
exceedingly  useful  man  by  a  faction  was  shut  out  of  his  church.  But  he 
continued  to  preach  for  seven  years  in  private  houses  to  such  as  loved  the 


THE    MINISTRY.  62T 

gospel.  The  Classis  of  Amsterdam  never  lost  confidence  in  his  integrity,  and 
at  the  convention  to  effect  a  union  of  the  parties,  in  171 1,  he  was  admitted 
to  an  equal  seat  and  voice  without  hesitation.  But  about  this  time  he  re- 
ceived a  call  from  New  Jersey,  which  he  accepted,  and  his  ministerial 
success  there  was  signally  great.  His  trials  and  afflictions  all  wrought  for 
his  good.  He  became  more  earnest,  and  practical,  and  evangelical,  than 
ever.  He  was  subsequently  honored  by  being  chosen  to  two  professorships 
by  the  Synod.  But  his  old  enemies  at  Kingston  never  became  reconciled 
to  him.  Yet  the  Consistory  there,  in  1806.  virtually  allowing  the  former 
bad  treatment,  attempted  to  call  his  son-in-law.  Rev.  Jeremiah  Romeyn, 
though  without  success.  They  also  hoped  in  this  way  to  cover  their  pe- 
cuniary obligations  to  Dr.  Mever.  they  not  having  paid  his  salary  to  him 
for  several  years  before  he  removed  away.  Mr.  Romeyn,  however,  went 
and  preached  for  them  on  the  angels'  song  at  the  birth  of  Christ.  Mr.  M. 
was  the  intimate  friend  of  Westerlo,  of  Albany.  The  happiness  of  his 
dying-bed  is  described  in  "Mag.  R.D.C."  ii.  300.  He  possessed  full  assur- 
ance. He  was  a  man  of  great  erudition,  of  a  mild  and  humble  temper, 
polite  and  unaffected  in  his  manners,  and  eminently  pious.  His  great 
humility  prevented  him  from  being  as  generally  useful  as  he  deserved,  but 
those  who  were  acquainted  with  his  worth  esteemed  him  as  one  of  the  best 
of  men.— "Amst.  Cor.,"  many  letters.  "Doc.  Hist.."  iii.  599.  "Mag. 
R.D.C."  ii.  296.  300:  iii.  55,  301,  338.  "Sprague's  Annals."  "McClintock's 
Cyc."  He  left  a  MS.  autobiography,  which  is  in  the  hands  of  Dr.  Hoes  — 
See  also  "Centennial  of  N.B.  Sem.."  418. 

Meyer.  John  H.  C.C.  1795.  studied  theol.  under  Livingston.  1.  CI.  N.Y. 
1708;  New  Paltz  and  New  Hurley,  1 799- 180.3,  Schenectady,  1803-6. 
He  was  an  accomplished  scholar,  speaking  with  great  fluency  and  ele- 
gance both  in  Dutch  and  English.  As  a  preacher,  he  was  gifted  and  popu- 
lar, and  was  possessed  of  a  peculiar  unction  in  his  delivery.  He  was  a 
son  of  Hermanus  Meyer.— "Stiffs  Hist.  Ch.  New  Paltz." 

Meyer.  Karl.  b.  in  Hesse-Darmstadt,  Germany,  Oct.  26,  1824;  studied  at 
Gymnasium  of  Werrigorde,  Prussia,  32-$  ;  at  Royal  Paedigogium.  II- 
feld.  Hanover,  38-43.  University  of  Giessen,  43-6,  University  of  Halle. 
46-7:  Theolog.  Sem.  at  Friedberg.  47-8.  ordained.  Assistant  pastor. 
Homberg,  48-54,  also  inspector  of  schools,  48-60;  sole  pastor,  Hom- 
berg.  54-60;  Prof,  of  Ecc.  and  Universal  Hist,  in  a  Bavarian  institu- 
tion for  training  missionaries,  60-2;  came  to  America.— New  Bruns- 
wick, 3d,  62-4;  Miss,  in  Jersey  City.  64-9,  New  Brunswick.  6q-iooi. 
d.  Dec.  4.  Prof,  of  Modern  Langs,  in  R.C.  69-1901  D  D  by  N  Y  U 
1869. 

He  was  the  son  of  Rev.  Christian  F.  W.  Meyer,  chaplain  to  the  court 
of  the  Grand  Duchy,  but  he  was  early  left  an  orphan.  For  more  than 
thirty  years  he  held  the  chair  of  Prof,  of  Mod.  Langs,  in  Rutgers  College. 
and  few  teachers  so  won  the  hearts  of  the  students  as  did  he.  He  was 
eminently  successful  as  a  teacher.  Intellectually,  he  was  potent,  while 
along  the  lines  of  history  and  theology  he  was  a  master.  The  full  scope 
of  his   intellectual   activity   was   seldom   appreciated   by   those   outside   the 


622  THE    MINISTRY. 

college,  for  he  was  averse  to  appearing  in  print  or  in  public,  from  the  fact 
that  he  was  carrying  on  his  work  in  other  than  his  native  tongue.  Occasion- 
ally, however,  he  departed  from  this  rule  of  his  life  in  vigorous  or  learned 
papers,  and  in  acute  and  suggestive  lectures.  During  the  winter  of  1890 
he  delivered,  at  the  request  of  friends,  a  course  of  lectures  on  Schiller 
and  Goethe.  These  failed  not  to  impress  his  hearers  with  the  breadth  and 
profundity  of  his  studies  and  with  the  brillancy  of  the  pictures  which  he 
drew  of  these  two  great  names  in  German  literature.  See  New  Brunswick 
papers,  December,  1901. 

Publication  :    "Recollections  of  Rev.  Dr.  Win.  II.  Campbell."  in  "Mem- 
orial." 

Meyers.  Ab.  H..  b.  1801  ;  U.C.  27,  N.B.S.  30,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  St.  Johnsville, 
30-1,  Beaverdam  and  Berne,  31-5,  Belleville,  35-7,  St.  Johnsville,  37-44, 
S.S.  Berne  and  Schaghticoke,  44-8,  Manheim.  48-52,  Glenville,  1st, 
52-4,  North  Esopus,  55-6,  Germantown,  56-62.  S.S.  at  Esopus,  62-5, 
Saddle  River,  66-72,  Easton,  N.Y.,  72-5,  Linlithgo  (Livingston  Ch.) 
75-8,  emeritus.    Died  1886,  Mar.  9. 

Michael.  Daniel.  R.C.  1833,  N.B.S.  36,  1.  CI.  Montgomery;  Domestic  Miss. 
at  Redford,  Mich..  1836-47.  d.  1865. 

Michaelius,  Jonas,  b.  1577.  educated  at  University  of  Leyden.  lie.  H>-..; 
(Niewbokswonde,  [612-14,  Hem,  [614-1624;  St.  Salvador,  [624-5, 
Guinea,  1626-7).  New  Amsterdam,  [628-?,  returned  Lo  Holland. 

Jonas  Michaelius  was  the  first  minister  of  the  Reformed  Church  in 
America.  He  has  taken  this  honor  from  Rev.  E.  Bogardus.  to  whom  it  was 
long  conceded.  Through  the  researches  of  J.  J.  Bodel  Nijenhuis,  a  letter 
was  discovered  in  the  archives  at  The  Hague,  bringing  these  facts  to  light, 
and  which  was  transmitted  in  1858.  by  Hon.  Henry  C.  Murphy,  the  Amer- 
ican minister  stationed  there.  The  letter  is  dated  New  Amsterdam,  Aug. 
11,  1628.  and  is  directed  to  Rev.  Adrian  Smoutius,  Amsterdam.  It  is  not 
known  exactly  how  long  he  remained  in  New  Amsterdam,  but  in  1637-8. 
he  is  styled  "late  minister  to  Virginia,"  (or  America.)  Since  we  have  no 
proof  that  he  was  colleague  with  Bogardus,  who  came  in  1633,  we  may 
safely  suppose  that  he  continued  not  more  than  four  or  live  years,  leaving 
New  Amsterdam  bet'on  I'.ogardus'  arrival.  The  Classis  of  Amsterdam 
wished  to  send  him  hack  in  1037.  but  he  did  not  return.  He  was  married 
in  [612,  his  wife  dying  in  May,  1628.  seven  weeks  after  their  arrival,  leav- 
ing three  children.  He  arrived  at  Xew  Vmsterdam  April  7.  1628.  He 
had  a  tempestuous  voyage,  having  embarked  on  Jan.  24th  preceding.  At 
his  first  communion  here,  he  had  fifty  communicants.  He  paints  a  sad 
picture  of  the  low  condition  of  the  natives,  and  proposes  to  let  the  parents 
go,  and  try  and  educate  the  children.  His  letter  breathes  a  spirit  of  deep 
piety,  and  submission  to  the  Divine  will  in  all  his  bereavements.— For 
letter  and  fuller  particulars,  see  "Col.  Hist..  N.Y.,"  vol.  ii.  750-770.  This 
letter  is  also  printed  in  appendix  to  "Marj  Booth's  Hist.  N.V.C."— For  re- 
vised translation,  and  fac-simile  of  original  letter,  see  "Collegiate  Ch.  Year- 
Book,"  1895,  14-'.  Is"''.  202-308. 


THE    MINISTRY. 


623 


The  above  is  left  as  in  the  preceding  edition,  but  the  statements  are 
not  fully  satisfactory.  There  is  no  person  of  the  name  of  Jonas  Michaelius 
in  the  Catalogue  of  Leyden  University.  The  name  Michaelius  (or  Michiel 
in  plain  Dutch)  was  common.  The  following  persons  of  this  name  are 
found  in  the  Leyden  Catalogue  before  1650.  (This  Catalogue  was  pub- 
lished in  1875  under  the  title,  ''Album  Studiosorum  Academise — Lugduno 
— Batavae.") 


Matricula- 
tion. 


1581.  Nov.  15 
1583,  June  19 
1595,  Oct.  12. 
1598,  Sept.  2.. 
1600.  S»pt.  6  . 
1602,  Feb.  20. 
1602,  May  4.  . 
1602,  May  4.. 
1602,  Oct.  30.. 


Name. 


1611, 

1616, 
1619, 
1623, 
1623, 
1624, 
1629, 
1630. 
1632, 
1633, 
1635, 
1638. 
1639, 

1641, 


Aug.  12. 

June,  28 
July  2.. 
Apr.  28 
June  26. 
May  30. 
May  16 
Apr.  30. 
July  20. 
Mar.  25. 
May  8.. 
Oct.  1  . . 
May  17 . 

Nov.  2.. 


Nicolaus  Michaelis 

Joannes  Michaelis 

Michael  Michaelis 

Jacobus  Michaelius 

JOANNES   MICHAELI* 
Henricus  Michaelis  .... . 

Franciscus  Michaeli 

Marcus  Micnaeli  

Joannes  Michaelis 


1641.  Nov.  19. 

1643,  Apr.  28. 
1643,  Nov.  30 


Petrus  Michaelis 

Justus  Michaelis 

Christianus  Michaelis.. 

Joannes  Michaelis 

Jacobus  Micheli 

Michael  Michaelis 

Gouswinus  Michaelis... 
Godfridus  Michaelis  . . 
Detmarus  Michaelis  ... 
Joannes  Michaelius. . . . 

Daniel  Michaelis 

Florentius  Micnaelides. 
Ludoricus  Michaelius.. 

Joannes  Michaelis 


Rheinholdus  Michaelius 

Henricus  Michaelius..   .. 
Johannes  Michel 


Ape. 


Residi  lift  . 


23 
14 
17 
13 
14 

20 1 

14 
13 

20 
22 
20 
20 
20 
20 
19 
16 
22 
24 
29/ 


Alckmarianus 
Autverpieiisis.. 
Zutfatensis..  . . 
Danus 


Leidensen 

Genevensis 

Genevensis 

Berckelgensis 

Regio  Montanus  Borus- 

sus 

Enchusauus 

Leidensis 

Daventriensis 

Genevensis 

Holsatus 

Susatensis  West  falus. . 

Dordrechtanus 

Soustensis  Germanus.. 
Hooranus 


'tuiiy 


Theologian. 

Litterarum. 

Juris. 

Philosophic*. 

Theologia*. 

Litterarum. 

Litterarum. 

Litterarum. 

Philosophic'. 

\  Juris. 

Juris. 

Litterarum.' 

Theologian. 

Theologian. 

Juris. 

Juris. 

Theologian. 

Juris. 

ArtiumLiberalium 


Zeeland 

Danus 

Stralsondeusis    Pomer- 

ania 

Regio  Montanus  Borus- 

sus 

Danus . 

Borussus 


Theologian. 
Medicinan. 


\  Juris. 

]-Nobilis,  Pol. 

\  Philosophic* 
f  Mathesses 
Medicinan. 


et 


*  This  is  the  one  said  to  be  the  same  as  our  Jonas  Michaelius  of  New  Amsterdam. 
His  n:ime  sometimes  occurs  as  Jonas  Johannes  Michaelius.  His  home  is  not  given,  but 
was  probably  at  Hoorn.  There  was  a  Rudolphus  Michaelis.  who  matriculated  as  a 
student  of  Theology,  May  2  1615,  at  the  University  of  Groningen.  His  home  is  put  down 
as  "Lehranus";  and  a  Michael  Michaelis,  1622,  Sept.  26,  of  Itzehoensis-Holsatus.  Topic 
of  study  not  given. 


The  "Minutes  of  the  Classis  of  Enkhuysen,"  by  which  he  was  probably 
licensed  and  ordained,  are  said  to  have  been  destroyed  by  fire  in  1838. 
His  name  first  appears  in  the  "Minutes  of  the  Synod  of  North  Holland," 
in  1621.  as  a  delegate  from  the  Classis  of  Enkhuysen.  That  Synod  met 
that  year  on  Aug.  24,  and  following  days  at  Haarlem.  The  names  of  the 
delegates  are  given,  two  ministers  and  two  elders,  from  the  Classis  of 
Haarlem,  Amsterdam,  Hoorn,  Enkhuysen,  Edam,  and  Alkmaar.  The 
name  of  the  church  from  which  each  delegate  came  is  also  given.  The 
following  is  the  delegation  from  the  Classis  of  Enkhuysen  : 

Rev.  Abraham  a  Doreslaer,  minister  at  Enkhuysen. 
Rev.  Jonas  Johannis  Michaelius,  minister  at  Hem. 
John  Francisci   (Fransse)  Hooman,  elder  at  Enkhuysen. 
Bartholomew  Martensse,  elder  at  Medemblik. 


624  THE    MINISTRY. 

The  name  Johannis  here  is  evidently  in  the  Genitive  case,  showing  that 

the  name  of  the  father  of  Jonas  was  John.  But  this  will  hardly  vindicate 
the  assumption,  that  the  Joannes  Michaeli,  who  matriculated  at  Leyden  in 
1600.  was  our  Jonas. 

In  the  "Minutes  of  the  Synod  of  North  Holland."  held  at  Edam.  Aug. 
12,  and  following  days,  1625,  among  the  ministerial  changes  which  are 
given,  we  find   the   following: 

IX  Till-;  CLASSIS  OF  ENKHUYSEN: 

Removed:    Jonas  Michielse,  from  Hem  to  Brazil,  at  San  Salvador. 
Came  in:     Frans  Esans,  to  East  Vlielandt. 
George  Wesselius,  to  Hem. 

Hem  is  thus  described  in  "Van  der  Va's  Geographical  Dictionary."  in 
1844: 

VILLAGE  AND  CHURCH  OF  HEM. 

Hem,  village  in  Dregterlaml.  Province  of  North  Holland,  a  court  cir- 
cuit, and  two  hours  \Y.  S.  W.  from  Enkhmzen,  a  suhdivision  of  the  com- 
munity (gemeente)  of  "Venhuizen-and-Hem" ;  a  half  hour  W.  of  Ven- 
huizen.  on  the  so-called  Short  Stretch  (Korte-Streek).  It  is  estimated 
that  there  are  within  the  bounds  (kom)  of  the  village,  one  hundred  houses, 
and  six  hundred  and  thirty  inhabitants.  These  mostly  gain  their  sub- 
sistence by  agriculture  and  cattle  raising. 

The  Reformed,  who  are  here  fully  five  hundred  in  number,  and  among 
whom  are  one  hundred  and  sixty  communicants,  constitute  a  congrega- 
tion which  belongs  to  the  Chassis  of  Hoorn,  and  the  subdivision  (ring)  of 
Enkhuizen*.  The  firs!  one  to  exercise  here  the  duties  of  a  minister,  was 
Sybrand  Vomelhis.  who  came  here  in  the  year  1573,  ar>d  died  or  left  in 
the  year  1580.  The  Church,  (or  living),  which  before  the  Reformation, 
was  dedicated  to  the  Holy  Evangelist  Luke,  was  at  that  time  subject  to 
the  gift  of  the  Counts:  the  "Investiture"  was  made  by  the  Provost 
(Proost)  of  West  Friesland.  The  "living"  (pastorij)  amounted  altogether 
to  50  Rhenish  guilders  175  Dutch  guilders,  or  $30.)  It  then  possessed  no 
house  for  the  pastor,  but  it  had  -even  morgen  (fourteen  acres)  of  land. 
For  the  sext<  m's  support  (lit.  sextonship)  there  were  three  morgen  (six 
acre-)  of  land.  The  church  is  an  ancient  cruciform  structure,  in  which  at 
the  base  much  dwfsteen  (gravelly,  porous  stone)  may  still  be  seen.  The 
tower  1-  square,  with  an  octagonal  steeple,  rather  high.  There  is  no  organ 
in  the  church.     The  call  is  made  by  the  Consistory. 

The  Roman  Catholics,  of  whom  there  are  found  to  be  three  hundred  and 
fifty,  belong  to  the  Stat,  (station0)  of  I  lem-and-Vcnhuizen.  which  had 
a  church  here  dedicated  in  early  times  to  Saint  Luke.  This  was  abandoned 
in  the  vear  1835. 

The  baptismal  school  (doop  school  parochial  school?)  is  attended,  on 
the  avcracrc.  by  about  one  hundred  pupils. 


♦In  17s.".  and  1793,   Hem  and  Venhuisen    were   separate    churches,    ami    reok- 
.  n.  <l  under  the  Classia  of  Enkhuizen. 


THE    MINISTRY.  625 

In  the  year  1387  Hem-and-Venbuizen  leased  their  own  fishery  from  the 
Count.  According  to  charter  by  Duke  William  of  Bavaria  (Count  Will- 
iam II.),  under  date  of  February  2,  1413,  Hem,  in  union  with  Venhuizen, 
was  elevated  into  a  city,  under  the  designation  of  the  "City  of  Hem," 
whereby  were  determined  its  citizen  rights,  Magistracy,  Government,  etc. 
In  1492,  the  fine  imposed  upon  it  on  account  of  the  Cheese  and  Bread  Re- 
bellion (an  agrarian  insurrection)  was  lightened  one-third.  In  1508  there 
arose  a  fierce  dispute  between  them  and  Wydeness  about  a  road,  stretching 
from  the  Blokdyke  tc  the  Meeu  Road,  which  was  arbitrated  by  Enkhuizen. 
In  1508  the  people  of  Hem  co-operated  as  a  labor  of  love  in  the  fortify- 
ing of  the  city  of  Hoorn.  The  rulers  (rcgenten)  in  the  year  1741,  bought 
up  (hebben  afgekocht)  the  manorial  rights,  (ambachtsheerlijkheid),  so 
that  now  it  is  no  longer  a  manor,   (heerlijkheid.) 

From  the  "Aardrijkskundig  Woordenbock  der  Nederlanden  bijcenge- 
bracht  door  A.  J.  van  der  Aa."  Published  at  Gorinchem  by  Jacobus  Noor- 
duyn,  1844. 

Next  comes  the  famous  letter  of  Michaelius  to  Rev.  Adrian  Smoutius, 
Aug.  11,  1628.  This  has  been  frequently  published.  (See  Manual.  1879, 
pp.  3-10,  and  "Year-Book  of  Collegiate  Church,"  1895.  The  Dutch  and 
English  will  be  issued  by  the  State  of  N.  Y.,  with  "Amsterdam  Docu- 
ments," 1902.)  Michaelius  was  sent  to  New  Amsterdam  by  the  Classis  of 
Enkhuysen.  about  Dec,  1627.  arriving  in  April,  1628.  About  this  time,  the 
care  of  church  matters  in  New  Netherland  passed  over  to  the  Classis  of 
Amsterdam  ;  but  the  record  of  his  return  would  probably  be  recorded  in 
the  "Mints,  of  the  Classis  of  Enkhuysen"  or  of  Hoorn.  Investigations  at 
Hoorn  or  Enkhuysen  might  reveal  it.  (See  pages  19-21,  of  this  work, 
and  Notes  4,  5,  6,  7,  on  page  30.) 

The  following  references  are  then  found  in  the  Minutes  of  the  Classis  of 
Amsterdam  : 

Jonas  Micliaelius. 

1637,  Sept.  7th.  Whereas  the  Messrs.  Directors  of  the  West  India  Com- 
pany request  a  minister  for  Netv  Netherland;  and  since  Rev.  Jonas 
Michaelius  is  now  present  here  (in  Holland)  without  a  charge;  the  Breth- 
ren resolve  that  the  Deputies  on  Indian  Affairs  must  put  forth  every  en- 
deavor to  persuade  him  to  the  acceptance  of  this  service.  Having  done 
this,  they  will  recommend  him  most  favorably  to  the  Directors,  iv.  103 ; 
also  in  xxxix.  33. 

1637,  Oct.  5th.  The  Brethren,  the  Deputies  on  Indian  Affairs  report, 
that  they  had  recommended  and  proposed  Rev.  Jonas  Michaelius  (Do- 
minum  Jonam  Michaelium)  to  the  Directors;  but  they  had  finally  given 
as  an  answer,  that  when  they  had  need  of  him,  they  would  summon  him. 
This  greatly  displeased  the  (Classical)  Assembly,    iv.  107.    xxxix.  34. 

1637,  Nov.  16th.  The  case  of  Rev.  Jonas  Michaelius  and  Peter  Jansz. 
Lantman  shall  be  brought  anew  before  the  Directors  by  the  Deputies,  and 
be  earnestly  recommended,     iv.  113.     xxxix.  37. 

1638.  June  7th.  The  Brethren  Deputati  ad  Res  Indicas  reported  that 
they  had   recommended  to  the  Directors  of  the  West  India  Company,  as 


626  THE    MINISTRY. 

ministers,  Rev.  Jonas  Michaclius.  Rev.  Middelhovius,  and  Rev.  Peter 
Jansz.  Lantsman.  Of  these  three.  Peter  Jansz.  alone  is  accepted,  while 
they  give  little  or  no  hope  to  the  other  two.  It  was  now  resolved  to  ask 
for  a  more  definite  reply  concerning  the  first  two.    iv.  125.    xxxix.  41. 

1638,  July  5th.  Concerning  the  Revs.  Jonas  Michaclius  ami  Middel- 
houvius,  the  Deputati  ad  Res  Indicas  reported,  that  they  understood  from 
the  Hon.  President  of  the  West  India  Company  that  the  rejection  of  those 
two  individuals  had  been  announced  by  his  Honor,  in  the  name  of  the 
Assembly,  (the  Assembly  of  the  xix,  or  Governing  Board  of  the  West 
India  Company.)     iv.  129.    xxxix.  42. 

This  is  the  last  allusion  in  the  "Minutes  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam" 
to  Michaelius.  From  preceding  documents  it  will  be  seen  that  his  father's 
name  was  Joannes,  and  he  was  thus  called,  perhaps,  sometimes,  as  is  prob- 
ably the  case  in  the  "General  Catalogue"  (Album  Studiosorum)  of  Leyden 
University.  He  may  have  had  a  son  Joannes,  unless  che  following  docu- 
ment refers  to  himself.  It  may  possibly  suggest  Zeeland  as  a  place  to  seek 
for  further  light  on  the  subsequent  history  of  the  first  minister  of  New 
York. 

Rev.  Joannes  Michielsen. 

On  May  10-20,  1641,  the  Dutch  Church  of  Yarmouth,  England,  wrote 
to  the  Dutch  Church  of  London,  asking  for  some  pecuniary  assistance. 
They  had  temporarily  secured  the  services  of  Rev.  Joannes  Michielsen, 
through  one  of  their  Elders,  who  had  met  him  in  Zeeland.  Of  this  they 
were  very  glad,  as  they  had  long  been  without  a  minister,  and  they  were 
hungering  for  the  bread  of  life.  This  Michielsen  had  been  with  them 
about  ten  weeks  to  their  great  edification.  He  was  now  about  to  depart, 
and  they  wished  t<>  reward  him  for  his  services. 

Archives  of  the  Dutch  Church  of  London,  Document  2610. 

On  Sept.  4-14.  1 641,  the  Dutch  Church  at  Maidstone.  England,  wrote 
to  the  Colloque  (Synod)  of  the  Dutch  Churches  in  London,  that  they  were 
about  to  engage  as  their  minister  Rev.  Joannes  Mijchijlsen,  and  hence  they 
sent  their  elder,  Danneel  Beeckman,  to  confer  with  the  Colloque  on  the 
subject.  Document  20^2. 

On  Oct.  27,  (N.S.  Nov.  6.)  1641.  Rev.  Joannes  Michielsen  wrote  to  the 
Dutch  Church  at  London. 

lie   refers   to  the   fact   that    when    traveling   some   weeks   before   to    Yar 
mouth,  by  waj  of  London,  he  had  promised  the  Elders  of  the  Dutch  Church 
of  Maidstone  thai  he  would  come  to  them,  in  rase  he  received  no  sum- 
mons from   Holland;  hut  he  had  received  such  a  summons,  and  hence  he 
could  ii"t  fulfill  the  conditional  engagement      He  was  about  going  to  Zee 
land.  Document   2(>40. 

On  Nov.  16-26.  1641,  the  Dutch  Church  of  Maidstone  wrote  to  the 
Dutch  Church  of  London,  asking  for  information  as  to  what  the  Colloque 
of  Dutch  Churches  in  London  had  done.  Mr.  Michielsen  had  written  them 
thai  he  would  come  to  them  in  two  or  three  weeks,  but  two  months  had 
in>\\    passed.  Document  2644. 


THE    MINISTRY.  627 

From  the  Archives  of  the  Dutch  Church  of  Austin  Friars,  London.  See 
Note  10,  on  page  13  of  this  work. 

In  vol.  xxxvii,  which  is  an  Index  to  the  Extracts  about  the  colonial 
churches  in  Vol.  xxxix.  Jonas  Michaelius  is  referred  to  as  "late  minister 
to  Virginia";  meaning,  no  doubt,  New  Netherland. 

See  Rev.  Dr.  Daniel  Van  Pelt's  article  on  Michaelius  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  Oct. 
13,  1897. 

Note  on  Johannes  Michaelius,  cousin  of  Rev.  Jonas  Michaelius. 

Michaelius,  Johannes,  or  Michielsz,  Jan,  called  also  Johannes  Michaelius 
Keratinus,  (Horn),  after  his  birth  place,  Hoorn,  was  a  pupil  of  Beeck- 
man,  and  preceptor  of  the  third  class  at  the  Illustrious  School  at  Dord- 
recht. He  lived  during  the  first  half  of  the  XVIIth  Century,  and  was,  in 
his  day,  a  philosopher  not  without  renown,  as  well  as  a  Greek.  Latin,  and 
Dutch  poet.  His  bosom  friend  and  brother  in  arts,  John  van  Someren, 
secretary  of  the  "Chambre-mie-partie."  (Chamber  of  Rhetoric?)  and 
Pensionary  (or  Corporation  Counsel)  of  Nymegen,  somewhere  calls  him 
"Magnus  Philosophus."  His  "Libellus  de  Oculo,  seu  de  natura  visits"; 
his  "Dialogus  de  aeternitate,"  Dordrechti,  H.  Essaeus,  1645,  i2mo;  and 
some  philosophical  and  mathematical  treatises,  which  were  never  pub- 
lished, would  have  given  him  a  right  to  this  title.  Of  his  Greek  muse,  we 
possess  as  a  specimen,  only  a  "Tctrastichon,"  among  the  poemata  at  the 
back  of  the  aforesaid  Libellus;  of  his  Latin  muse  there  are  more  at  hand, 
such  as  "Carmina  Sacra";  "Elogia" ;  one  entitled  "Virgo  Dordracena" ; 
another  "De  Continibus  70  pagis  Dordrechtum  circumjacentibus  inimda- 
tione  horribile  submcrsis."  (This  refers  to  the  great  flood  of  1477,  when 
the  Biesborch  was  formed.)  Of  his  Dutch  poems  we  possess  only  a  tragedy 
entitled,  "Julius  Ccesar  ofte  Kaisermoorders," — Emperor  murderers,  or 
Regicides,  Dordrecht,  H.  van  Esch.  1645,  121110.  This  pleased  the  poet  van 
Someren  so  greatly  that  he  composed  on  it  an  "Epitymbion."  He  wrote 
poetry  also  after  the  style  of  Huyghens  and  Hooft,  as  is  evident  from  a 
certain  poem  of  his,  written  in  the  style  wherein  these,  as  well  as  Tessel- 
schade  and  Anna  Roemer  Visschers  (two  sisters),  J.  Van  Brosterhuyzen, 
G.  R.  Doublet,  and  others,  have  written. 

He  also  composed  a  few  Latin  verses  (to  be  placed)  under  the  likeness 
of  John  van  Beverwyck. 

Under  his  own  likeness,  by  Joshua  Offermans,  are  two  lines  by  Brey; 
under  another  are  these,  by  van  Someren  : 

"Wat  oyt  het  prachtigh  Griekenlandt. 
En  Rome  vol  van  wysheyt  vant, 
Dat  schuylt  hier  in  dit  deftig  hooft, 
Wiens  naem  geen  sterflickheyt  en  dooft." 

(Whate'er  the  splendid  land  of  Greece, 
And  Roman  wisdom  found  t'  increase, 
This  hides  here  in  this  stately  head, 
Whose  name  oblivion  need  not  dread.) 


628  THE    MINISTRY  . 

The  same  poet  composed  an  Epityntbion  in  obitum  lectissitncc  f aminos 
Jacobcv  Michaelius,  V.  Kal.  1644.     (Month  not  given.) 

Michaelius  died  August  3,  1646.  See  Hocufft,  Parn.  Belg.  p.  174;  van 
Somcroi,  Uysp.  der  Vern.  passim.;  Schotel,  Gesch.  Lett,  en  Oudheidk. 
Avoudst.  bl.  99;  Bijdr.  tot  de  Gesch.  v.d.  Geest  en  Wereldl.  Kleed.  D.  I. 
bl.  57;  111.  school,  bl.  82-84,  225. 

From  "A.  J.  van  der  Aa's  Biographisch  Woordenboek." 

Middlemas.  Jasper.     Blooming  Grove,  1840-3,  S.S.   Salem  and  Berne,  2d, 

48-54,  Salem,  54-5,  died  18.  . 
Mjedema,  William,  b.  Vriesland,  Mich.,  July  23,  1867;  H.C.  93,  W.S.  96, 

1.  CI.  Holland;  ord.  by  CI.  Dakota;  Centreville.   S.D.,  96-7,  Bushnell, 

111..  97-1900,  Norwood  Park,  Chicago,  1900 

Miles,  John  B.,  received  from  the  Presbyt.  Ch.  of  Ireland,  as  a  candidate, 

by  the  Classis  of  Ulster,  1799-1801,  dismissed. 
Milledoler,  Philip,  b.  at  Rhinebeck,  Sept.  22,  1775;  C.C.  1793,  studied  under 

Gros,  lie.  and  ordained  by  G.R.  Synod.  1794;  (N.Y.C.,  Nassau.  St.  Ger. 

Ref.  1795-1800,  Philadelphia,  Pine  St.  Presbyt.  1800-5,  N.Y.C.,  Rutgers 

St.    Presbyt.     1805-13,)    New    York.      13-25,    Prof.    Theol.    and    Pre?. 

Rutgers  College,  at  New  Brunswick,  and  Prof.  Moral  Phil.    25-41.  d. 

1852,  Sept.  22.     S.T.D.  by  U.  Pa.  1805.     Elected  a  trustee  Q.C.  1815  ; 

again  R.C.  1833. 

His  parents  were  Swiss  Germans,  coming  from  the  Canton  of  Berne,  and 
settling  in  New  York  in  early  life.  During  the  occupation  of  the  city  by 
the  British,  they  took  up  their  abode  in  Rhinebeck.  They  were  members 
of  the  Nassau  Street  German  Reformed  Church,  and  piously  sought  to 
bring  up  their  children  in  the  fear  of  the  Lord.  They  were  gladdened 
by  the  early  development  of  lovely  piety  in  their  son  Philip.  He  united 
with  the  church  in  very  early  youth,  and  at  once  chose  the  ministry,  and 
was  licensed  in  his  nineteenth  year.  He  soon  became  pastor  of  the  church 
in  which  he  had  been  reared,  preaching  both  in  German  and  in  English, 
rhose  early  labors  met  with  great  acceptance,  being  already  characterized 
by  the  rich  spiritual  unction  which  afterward  pervaded  his  prayers  and 
discourses,  while  his  development  of  character  and  conduct  attracted  in- 
terest and  respect.  When  he  preached  in  English  many  of  other  de- 
nominations attended.  His  reputation  became  -uch  that,  on  the  removal 
of  Dr.  John  Blair  Smith  from  the  Third  Presbyterian  Church  of  Phila- 
delphia, he  received  a  unanimous  call,  which  he  accepted.  Here  he  labored 
with  great  diligence  and  success.  A  gentle,  yet  powerful  and  extended 
religious  influence  spread  among  the  people  of  his  charge,  so  that  large 
additions  were  made  to  the  church.  When  the  Rutgers  Street  Presbyterian 
Church  of  New  York  was  started,  he  was  chosen  as  the  man  eminently 
adapted  for  the  enterprise,  and  here,  too,  he  was  greatly  prospered.  The 
reviving  influence  of  the  Spirit  of  God  diffused  itself,  and  penetrated  like 
the  dew  from  heaven.  There  was  no  sudden  and  transient  excitement  like 
a  passing  shower,  but  rather  like  the  spring,  unfolding  itself,  and  spread- 
ing its  streams  onward,  broader  and  deeper.  But  few  ministries  have  been 
more  blessed  than  his  in  this  church. 


THE   MINISTRY.  629 

While  in  New  York  he  was  sought  after  by  the  German  Reformed 
Church  to  take  charge  of  their  projected  Seminary  at  Frederick,  Maryland, 
but,  difficulties  springing  up  respecting  the  introduction  of  the  English 
language,  Dr.  M.  was  led  to  decline.  ("Tercent.  Monument,"  548.)  He 
succeeded  Dr.  Livingston,  however,  as  Professor  of  Theology,  and  Presi- 
dent of  Rutgers  College,  in  New  Brunswick.  Dr.  C.  C.  Cuyler  gave  him 
the  charge  on  this  occasion.  His  duties  in  this  double  office  were  dis- 
charged with  signal  industry  and  fidelity.  He  was  cordially  catholic  in  his 
spirit,  a  lover  of  good  men.  He  took  an  active  part  in  the  organization  and 
development  of  some  of  the  leading  benevolent  institutions  of  the  day.  He 
was  especially  noted  for  his  peculiar  unction  in  prayer.  He  seemed  to 
carry  his  hearers,  as  it  were,  to  the  very  portals  of  heaven.  This  gift  in 
him  was  marvelous.  When  Henry  Clay  was  received  by  the  Historical 
Society  of  New  York,  shortly  after  the  death  of  a  son,  Dr.  M.  made  the 
prayer.  Clay  was  so  much  impressed  that  he  sought  an  introduction  and 
expressed  his  thanks.  The  great  Dr.  Mason  once  said  there  were  three 
men  who  prayed  as  if  they  were  immediately  inspired  from  heaven.  One 
was  Rowland  Hill,  the  other  was  a  certain  layman,  and  the  third  was  Dr. 
M.  This  gift  led  him  to  give  a  prominence  in  his  sermons  to  Christian 
experience,  in  the  delineation  and  dissection  of  which  he  was  rarely  ex- 
celled. He  was  of  a  commanding  form,  a  pleasant  mien,  and  attractive 
manners.  He  was  a  preacher  of  superior  gifts.  His  piety  was  ardent, 
confiding,  and  laborious.  His  success  in  the  ministry  was  marked ;  many 
and  powerful  revivals  attended  it.  His  sick  chamber  was  quite  on  the 
verge  of  heaven.  His  wife  died  one  day  after  him.  and  their  funerals  were 
held  together. — See  MS.  Memoir  by  himself.  "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  i.  366;  ii. 
8;  iii.  148.  "Evangelical  Quarterly,"  ii.  116.  "Sprague's  Annals."  "Mc- 
Clintock's  Cyc."  Dr.  Demarest's  sketch,  in  "Centennial  of  N.B.  Sem.,"  438. 
"Year-Book,  Collegiate  Ch.,"  1893,  119.    "Dubbs,"  334. 

Publications:  A  Disc,  before  a  "Ladies'  Soc.  for  Relief  of  Widows 
with  Small  Children."  1806.— A  Ser.  at  Install,  of  Rev.  J.  B.  Romeyn  in 
Cedar  St.  Ch.,  N.Y.C.  1808.— A  Ser.  at  the  ordination  of  Rev.  Gardiner 
Spring  in  Beekman  St.  Presb.  Ch.  1810— A  Charge  to  Professor  Alex- 
ander and  the  Students  of  Divinity  at  Princeton.  1812. — Sermon  before 
Gen.  Syn.  Ger.  Refd.  Ch.  at  Hagerstown,  Md.  1823. — "Concio  ad 
Clerum"  :  a  Ser.  at  the  Opening  of  Gen.  Synod.  Albany.  1823. — A  Sermon 
at  Hackensack,  by  appointment  of  Gen.  Synod,  before  the  Classis  of  Para- 
mus  and  a  Commission  of  the  Synod.  1824.  (This  relates  to  the  recent 
Secession.) — Address  at  Rutgers  Coll.  1827.  ("Mag.  R.D.C."  iii.  148).— 
Address  before  the  Alumni  of  Columbia  Coll.  1828. — An  Address  to  the 
Graduates  of  Rutgers  Coll.  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  Aug.  13.  1831. — Letter  from, 
in  "Sprague's  Lectures  on  Revival  of  Religion  "  1832. — Address  at  Inaug. 
of  Hon.  A.  B.  Hasbrouck  as  Pres.  Rut.  Coll.  1840. — Dissertation  on  "In- 
cestuous Marriage."  1843.— Introduction  to  "Currie's  Memoir  of  Sluyter." 
1846. — Art.  in  "Sprague's  Annals"  on  Rev.  Dr.  J.  N.  Abeel. 

Miller.  Benj.  Cory,  b.  at  New  Lima.  Ind.,  1850;  R.C.  72,  N.B.S.  75,  lie.  CI. 


63O  THE    MINISTRY. 

Newark;  Roxbury,  75-81,   S.S.  Gilboa,  84-5,  Fairfield,  85-O,   Franklin, 
86-9,  Whitehouse,  1890-5. 

Miller,  Edward.  R.C.  1857,  N.B.S.  60,  I.  CI.  Hudson;  Berne  and  Beaver- 
dam,  60-72,  N.  Blenheim  and  Breakbin,  72-84,  w.  c. 

Miller,  Edward  Ruthsay,  b.  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Oct.  29,  1843;  C.N.J.  67, 
P.S.  70,  post-grad,  course,  71,  lie.  by  Presbyt.  N.Y.  June  6,  70;  ord.  by 
Presb.  Jersey  City,  Ap.  16,  72;  (Presb.  Miss,  to  Japan,  72-4),  enters 
R.C.A.,  74;  Yokohama,  Japan,  72-9,  on  furlough,  May  79- Ap.  81,  To- 
kyo, 81-8,    Morioka,   88-92,    on   furlough,    May   92-Dec.    93,    Morioka, 

1893 

Publications:     Trans.  Heidelberg  Catechism  into  Japanese. — Sketch  of 

North  Japan  Mission. — Sketch  of  The  Church  of  Christ  in  Japan. 

Miller,  Geo.  H.,  Melrose,  1892 

Miller,   Henry,  b.  Mar.   16,  1832.  in   Saxony,  Germany;  Gym.  of  Franken- 
berg;   Univ.  of  Leipzig,  55;  tutoring,  55-60;    (Dresden,   Ger.,  60-79,) 
c.  to  America.  60:  Calicoon,  N.Y.,  60-88,  Albany.  4th,  88-1899,  d.  June 
27th.     Ph.D.  Univ.  Leipzig. 
Greatly  beloved  by  his  people,  his  churches  prospered  under  him,  both 
temporally  and  spiritually.     He  was  of  modest  disposition,  of  great  kindli- 
ness of  heart,  and  cordiality  of  manner.     He  possessed  marked  poetical 
talent,  and  many  journals  and   magazines  contain  contributions   from   his 
pen  in  the  German  language. — "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1900,  564. 

Miller,  Isaac  L.   Kip.     R.C.  1840,  student  in  N.B.S.,  d.  1846.     See  sketch  in 

Rev.  Dr.  F.  M.  Kip's  "An  Old  Disciple,"  pp.  117-235. 
Miller,  John  E.,  b.  in  Albany,  1792;  U.C.  1812,  1.  17;  (Miss,  in  the  South 
and  West,  17-18,  Chester,  N.J.,  18-23,)  Tompkinsville,  23-47,  d.  Also 
Chaplain  in  Marine  Hospital,  and  at  Seaman's  Retreat. 
In  his  chaplaincy  he  was  undaunted  by  all  the  forms  of  disease  with 
which  the  hospital  was  acquainted.  Whatever  might  be  the  danger  to 
himself — and  it  was  often  appalling — or  from  whatever  land  the  suffering 
patient  might  have  come  he  was  always  by  his  side  when  necessity  re- 
quired. He  preached  the  gospel  with  a  simplicity  that  every  one  could 
understand,  and  with  an  earnestness  which  every  one  felt.  Did  collision 
or  irritation  arise  among  brethren,  he  poured  a  healing  oil  on  the  chafed 
spirit,  soothing  it  to  peace  and  kindness.  Was  bold  and  unblushing  ini- 
quity to  be  rebuked,  he  threw  the  fear  of  man  behind  him,  and  looked  only 
at  fidelity  to  God  and  duty.  He  walked  with  calm  spirit  and  unwavering 
step  through  rooms  charged  with  poisonous  contagion  and  fetid  disease, 
bearing  the  message  of  salvation  to  the  guilty  and  lost.  He  was  an  Israel- 
ite indeed,  in  whom  was  no  guile.  His  bosom  was  transparent  as  the 
purest  fountain — an  utter  stranger  to  deceit.  He  said  only  what  he 
thought,  and  what  he  said  he  did.  The  transient  character  of  the  com- 
munity prevented  him,  in  general,  from  seeing  the  fruits  of  his  labors. 
This  was  a  trial  to  him.  But  a  short  time  before  his  death  the  Master 
gladdened  him  with  a  precious  revival,  especially  among  the  young. — See 
sketch  in  Rev.  F.  M.  Kip's  "An  Old  Disciple,"  pp.  236-309. 


THE    MINISTRY. 


63I 


Miller,  M.,  Jersey  City,  1st,  Ger.,  1892. 
Miller,  Samuel  D.    Easton,  N.Y.,  1900 

Miller,  Wm.  A.,  b.  1824;  U.C.  42,  N.B.S.  45,  1.  CI.  Albany;  Glenbam,  46-9, 
Prof.  Langs.  Albany  Acad.    49-56,  Rhinebeck,  56-9;  d.  1863.     D.D.  by 
R.C.  1862. 
In  every  position  which  he  occupied  he  discharged  his  duties  with  fidelity, 
energy,  and  success.     Gifted  with  a  mind   well   balanced  and   thoroughly 
cultivated,   he  was  qualified   for  widespread  usefulness.     He  was  an  ac- 
curate, well-read  scholar,  and  fully  equal  to  the  standard  of  modem  criti- 
cism.     He    was    a    thorough,    analytical,  and    instructive    teacher.     As    a 
preacher,  he  clearly  presented  the  truth,  was  logical  in  his  reasonings,  prac- 
tical in  his  expositions,  and  forcible  in  his  appeals.    As  a  Christian,  he  was 
meek  in  spirit,  ardent  in  piety,  and  earnest  in  his  endeavors  to  secure  the 
salvation  of  souls. — Sketch  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  Nov.  19.  1863. 

Publications:     "Lessons  of  the  Atlantic  Telegraph."     1858. — Hist.  For. 
Miss,  in  "Ch.  Int." 

Miller,  Wm.  H.    N.B.S.  1861,  1.  N.  CI.  L.I. ;  Albany,  3d,  1861-2,  ML  Pleas- 
ant, 50th  St.,  N.Y.C.,  1862-3,  w.  c. 
Millett,  Joseph,  b.  Cornwall,  England,  Jan.  16,  1849;  High  School,  Hayle, 
Eng. ;  Penryn.  Wesleyan  Theolog.  Inst.  1872 ;  lie.  by  Wesleyan  Meths. 
1865;    (in  Meth.   Ch.  73-87);   Minisink,  87-90,   Bloomingdale    (Ulster 

Co.,)   N.Y.,  1890 

Millett,  Samuel.     S.S.  Franklin  Furnace,  1885,  Wurtsboro,  85-91. 
Milliken,  Peter  Houston,  b.  Crawford,  Orange  Co.,  N.Y. ;  R.C.   1876, 
N.B.S.  79,  lie.  CI.  Orange;  Berea,  79-82,  Paterson,  2d,  82-88,  Philadel- 
phia, 1st,  1889 

Ph.D.  by  N.Y.U.  1889.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1899. 

Publications  :     Exposition  of  S.S.  Lessons  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  1887. — Many 
contributions  to  "Ch.  Int." 

Milliken,  Richard  Peary,  b ,  ,  lie.  CI.  Orange,  1876;  Graham- 

ville,  76-83,  (also  S.S.  at  Claraville,  76-83,  and  S.S.  Unionville,  77-83.) 
Dashville  Falls,  83-87,  Newark,  (Trinity  Ch.)  87-93,  d.  Aug.  12.     See 
"Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1894,  210. 
Mills,  Augustus  W.    Williamsburgh,  1893-4. 

Mills,  B.  Fay,  (Congregationalist)  ;  Union  Village,  N.Y.,  1882-3. 
Mills.  Geo.    N.Y.C.  (Ger.)  1823-33. 
Mills,  Geo.  A.     R.C.   1863,  N.B.S.  66,   1.  S.C1.  L.I. ;  Taghkanfc,    1866-70, 

Castleton,  70-82,  Northumberland,  82-4. 

Mills,  Samuel  Wickham,  b.  in  Orange  Co.,  N.Y.,  1820;  R.C.  38,  N.B.S. 

42,  1.  CI.    N.B.;   S.S.   Bloomingburgh,  Oct.  42-3,  May;  pastor^  43-58, 

Deerpark,  58-71,  w.  c.    D.D.  by  R.C.  1874. 

Publications  :     "Ref.  D.  Ch.  of  Walpack" :  a  Hist.  Ser.  at  Dedication 

of  Ch.  Bushkill,  1874.    Ref.  D.  Ch.  Port  Jervis,  1737-1878;  a  Hist.  Ser.  1878. 

Millspaugh,  Alex.  C,  b.  in  Orange  Co.,  N.Y.,  1810;  R.C.  38,  N.B.S.  41.  I. 

CI.  Orange;  Middletown  Village,  41-66,  Jerusalem  and  Onisquethaw, 


632  THE    MINISTRY. 

66-72,  Schoharie  Mt.  and  Central  Bridge,  76-78,  Union,  78-85,  d. 
Dec.  13. 

Minor,  Albert  Dod,  (s.  of  John  Minor),  b.  Centreville,  Mich.,  Jan.  12, 
1850;  R.C.  76,  studied  theology  privately;  lie.  CI.  Montgomery.  A.p. 
79;  St.  Johnsville,  79-88,  Mohawk,  88-91,  Fort  Herkimer,  88-95. 

Minor,  John,  b.  at  Lodi,  N.Y.,  Nov.  14,  1814 ;  R.C.  42,  N.B.S.  45-  1-  CI. 
X.B.,  Miss,  to  Ridgeway,  Mich.,  45-8,  to  Centreville,  48-50,  to  Keyport, 
50-1,  Leeds,  51-6,  Cor.  Sec.  Bd.  of  Publication,  57-9,  Flatbush.  (Ulster 
Co.,)  59-64,  Glenville,  1st,  64-73,  Port  Jackson,  73-80;  S.S.  Manheim, 
X.Y.,  80-2,  Currytown  and  Mapletown,  82-4,  Sprakers,  84-5,  Miss,  at 
Norwich  and  Litchfield,  Herkimer  Co.,  N.Y.,  85-7,  (S.S.  Hillsdale  and 
.Maiden,  X.Y.,  87-8,  S.S.  Herkimer,  N.Y.,  89-90,  d.  Nov.  20. 

He  suffered  considerably  from  ill  health,  yet  he  persevered  in  preaching, 
and  reached  the  age  of  76.  When  he  had  come  to  that  period  of  life  when 
most  men  desire  rest,  he  felt  that  he  must  work,  and  during  the  last  year 
of  his  life  he  preached  regularly  each  Sabbath  in  the  Reformed  Church 
of  Fort  Herkimer.  He  often  said  he  wished  "to  die  with  the  harness  on," 
and  his  wish  was  granted.  His  life  was  a  long,  active,  and  useful  life.  He 
loved  to  preach  the  Gospel,  and  through  his  labors  many  souls  were  brought 
into  the  Kingdom.  In  his  manner  he  was  dignified  and  courteous.  He 
was  fond  of  music,  and  an  excellent  singer,  and  when  present  at  the  de- 
votional meetings  of  Classis  or  Synod,  he  usually,  with  great  acceptance, 
led  the  service  of  song. — "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1891.  417. — "Biog.  Notices  of 
Grads.  R.C,"  1891,  20. 

Mitchell.  Sam.  S.,  b.  1839,  New  York;  C.N.J.  1861,  P.S.  1864;  (Harris- 
burg,  Pa.,  1864-9,  Washington,  D.C.,  N.Y.  Ave.,  1869-78;)  Brooklyn 
Heights,  1878-80.     See  "P.  Sem.  Gen.  Cat." 

Miyaka,  Araji   (Japanese,)   N.B.S.     Laboring  in  Japan. 

Moelling,  Peter  A.,  Naumburg,  1881-2,  New  Bremen,  1882-7. 

Moerdyk,  James  E.,  b.  Drentlu',  Mich.,  1870;  H.C.  97.  N.B.S.  1900,  1.  CI. 

Wisconsin;  Missionary  in  Arabia,  1900 

Moerdyk,   Peter,  b.  in  the  Netherlands,  1845;   H.C.  66,  H.S.  69;  lie.  CI. 

Holland;    Macon  and    South    Macon,   69-71,    Assist.    Prof.   Latin   and 

Greek  in  Hope  Coll.  71-3,  Grand  Rapids,  1st,  73-92,  Chicago,  Trinity 

Ch.,  1892 D.D.  by 

Publications:  "Hist.  Refd.  Ch.,"  Grand  Rapids,  1880— Many  contribu- 
tions to  the  press. 

Moerdyk,  Wm.  H.C.  1866,  H.S.  69;  lie.  CI.  Holland;  Drenthe,  69-72,  Zee- 
land,  72-77,  Milwaukee.  77-^\.  Holland,  111.,  84 D.D.  by  R.C.  1882. 

Moffett,  Edwin  Oscar,  b.  Westfield,  N.J.,  Sept.  29,  1857 ;  R.C.  82.  N.B.S. 
85,  1.  CI New  Prospect,  N.Y.,  1885 

Mohn,   Leopold,  b.    1833;   from   Evan.   Miss.   Assoc.   Berlin.    1854:    North 
Bergen,  54-7,  Hoboken,  (Ger.)  57-85.  d.  Mar.  8. 
Publications:     "Offenbarung  und  Wissenschaft,"  1880 


THE    MINISTRY. 


633 


Mohn,  Otto  L.  F.  (son  of  Leopold  Mohn),  b.  Hoboken,  N.J.,  Feb.  1,  1874; 
R.C.  94,  N.B.S.  97,  1.  CI.  Bergen;  Fairfield,  97-1902,  Greenville,  Jersey 

City,  1902 

Mollenbeck.  Bernhard,  b.  Oct.  16.  1841,  at  Wesel,  Germany;  Roman  Cath. 
Monastery ;  fled  from  it,  64 ;  studied  in  Holland  and  at  Dubuque  Presb. 
Sem.  70;   (Fremont,  Neb.,  Alto;  Fon  du  Lac;  Holland;  Salem,  Mo.; 
Cong,  or  Presbyt.  chs.,  70-87 ;  Doesburg,  Netherlands,  87-89)  ;  Lennox, 
1st.  S.D.,  89-92,  Chapin,  la.,  92-1900,  d.  Ap.  27. 
Destined  for  the  Roman  priesthood,  he  forsook  the  Monastery  to  which 
he  was  sent,  and  found  refuge  in  Holland,  studying  at  Kampen  under  Dr. 
A.  Kuyper.     He  did  excellent  service  in  several  churches  in  America,  and 
truly  spent  himself  for  Christ  and  His  Church.     See  "Mints.  Gen.  Synod." 
1900,  898. 
Montaigne,  John,  (French  Ref.)  Fordham,  1696.. 

See  "Watson's  Huguenots  of  Westchester  Co.,:'  N.Y.,  87,  88.     "Bolton's 
Westchester  Co.,"  ii.  332.    "Waldron's  Fordham,"  87. 

Monteith,  Walter,  b.  at  Broadalbin.  N.Y.,  178.  :  U.C.  1811,  Tutor  in  U.C. 
1812-15,  N.B.S.  1818;  Flatlands  and  Flatbush,  1819-20,  (Schenectady 
Presbyt.  1820-..,  N.Y.C.,  Pearl  St.,  18.  .-29,)  d.  1834,  May  5.  See 
Manual  of  1879. 
Moore,  Jas.  G.  Lafayette.  Col.  1842.  P.S.  1845;  (Beaver  Meadow;)  sup- 
plied   Minisink,    1848-9;    teacher   at    Blairstown,    N.J.,    ,    (West 

Farms,  N.Y.,)  d.  1858. 
Moore,  Wm.  Lewis,  b.   Mar.    10,   1833.   in  N.Y.C. ;   R.C.  54.    P.S.   57,   lie. 
Presb.  of  Nassau,  56;  (Wyoming,  Pa.,  57-8,  S.S.  West  Milford,  59-60. 
S.S.  Sparta,  60-62,  S.S.  Fort  Lee,  70-3,  New  Providence,  N.J.,  63-70, 
all  Presbyt.)  Little  Falls,  N.J.,  78-81,  w.  c. 
Moore,  William  Shotwell,  b.  N.Y.C.  July  22,  1813,  N.B.S.  39,  1.  CI.  N.B. ; 
Unionville,  Jan.  12,  39-50,  New  Prospect,  50-56,  Unionville  and  Green- 
burgh,  56-64,  Minisink,  64-69,  Gilboa,  69-73,  Woodstock,  73-79,  w.  c. 
Died  Sept.  26,  1896. 
He  was  brought  up  in  the  old  Franklin   Street  Church,  with  which  he 
united  at  about  fourteen  years  of  age,  under  the  pastorate  of  the   Rev. 
George  DuBois.     In  manner  he  was  quiet  and  unassuming,  yet  firm  in  the 
pulpit  and  Church  judicatories,  on  all  questions  involving  doctrine  and  the 
established  order  and  usages  of  the  Reformed  Church  to  which  he  was 
deeply  attached.    Gentleness  and  freedom  from  excitement  in  debate,  gave 
weight  to  his  counsels  in  Classis.     He  took  great  interest  in  the  extension 
of  our  Church,  and  was  mainly  instrumental  in  starting  in  1841  the  mis- 
sion, which  in  1843  was  organized  as  the  First  Reformed  Church  of  Yonk- 
ers.     At  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  this  Church  in  1893  he  was  recognized 
as  the  only  living  original  actor  in  the  founding  of  this  Church,  and  took 
part  in  the  exercises.    This  was  his  last  prominent  public  service,  rendered 
at  about  80  years  of  age,  feebleness  growing  on  him  apace  from  that  time. 
His  long  ministerial  life  was  one  of  faithfulness  and  usefulness,  and  won 
the  hearts  of  all.     He  watched  with  interest  the  growth  of  the  city  of  his 
nativity,  as  it  passed  rapidly  and  far  beyond  the  spot  of  his  birth,  and,  in 


634  THE    MINISTRY. 

fact,  the  development  of  the  whole  country  and  the  world,  especialiy  with 
reference  to  the  growth  of  the  Kingdom  of  Christ. — "Mints.  Gen.  5yn.." 
1897,  761. 

Morgan,  John  Francis,  b.  Minden,  Mich.,  May  6,  1856;  Taylor  University; 

Christian  Bib.  Inst.,  84;   (Brougham,  Ont. ;  Freehold.   N.Y.;   Ravenna, 

N.Y.;    Conmant.   O.)  ;   Hamilton    Grange,    N.Y.C.,    1890-2,    Park   Ch., 

Jersey  City,  1892 

Morgan,  Joseph,   b.    1674;   ordained   1697,   in   Connecticut.      (Bedford   and 

Easl  Chester,  N.Y.,   1099-1704,  Greenwich,  Ct,  1704-8.  Freehold,  Pres- 

byt.  1708-31,)  Freehold  and  Middletown,  N.J.,  1709-31,  (Hopewell  and 

Maidenhead,  N.J.,  1732-7,)  d.  1740. 
Ili-  father  came  to  New  London  about  1647,  under  the  lead  of  the 
younger  John  Winthrop.  He  is  said  to  have  been  of  Welsh  origin.  Joseph 
was  subjected  to  persecutions  in  his  ministry,  on  account  of  the  manner  of 
his  ordination.  His  use  of  notes  in  preaching  was  much  opposed  by  the 
neighboring  ministers,  so  that  he  was  obliged  to  desist.  In  1708  he  re- 
moved to  Freehold,  to  take  charge  of  the  Scotch  church  there.  The  Dutch 
sought  a  part  of  his  services,  and  he  was  also  installed  as  their  pastor,  Oct. 
19,  1709.  On  On  Sept.  21,  1710.  lie  was  received  as  a  member  of  the  Pres- 
bytery of  Philadelphia.  He  learned  the  Dutch  language  out  of  pure  zeal 
for  the  work.  He  gave  the  Dutch  three-fourths  of  his  services.  About 
1721  a  revival  was  enjoyed.  The  next  "ear  lie  went  to  Connecticut  to  seek 
additional  ministerial  help,  but  in  vain.  He  was  the  author  of  a  number  of 
printed  sermons,  on  various  subjects,  and  was  in  correspondence  with  Cot- 
ton Mather.  A  Latin  letter  of  Morgan  to  Mather,  dated  [721,  is  preserved 
at  Worcester,  Mass.  He  complains  that  he  had  very  few  hooks.  He  pub- 
lished treatises  on  "Baptism."  on  "Deism,"  on  "Original  Sin,"  and  on 
"Sin  its  own  Punishment."  Also,  a  "Reply"  to  an  anonymous  railer  against 
election.  He  says,  in  one  of  his  publications,  that  as  congregations  keep 
their  ministers  free  from  worldly  avocations,  by  liberal  support,  does  the 
work  of  Christ  flourish.  Various  charges  were  at  length  brought  against 
him,  such  as  "practising  astrology,  countenancing  promiscuous  dancing, 
transgressing  in  drink."  (1728.).  They  were  not  sustained.  In  1736, 
intemperance  was  proved  against  him,  but  in  1738  he  was  restored.  Sub- 
sequently, having  heard  Whitefield  preach,  he  was  so  affected  thereby  that 
he  went  forth  as  an  evangelist  along  the  sea  cast  of  New  Jersey,  and  died 
in  this  work.— See  "Hall's  Hist.  Ch.  of  Trenton,"  45-5C ;  "Webster's  His- 
tory of  the  Presbyt.  Ch.,"  335-  "Rev.  T.  VY.  Wells'  Hisl  Disc,  ai  Marl- 
boro,"  1877. 

Pi  blk  \tions:  A  Latin  letter  to  Mather,  1721.  (The  original  in  An- 
tiquarian Soc.  at  Worcester.)  Published  in  "Presbyt.  Mag.,"  Nov..  1S57.— 
Treatise  on  "Baptism."— A  Treatise  on  "Original  Sin."— A  Treatise  on 
"Sin  its  own  Punishment."— A  Reply  to  an  "Anonymous  Railer  Against 
Election." 
Morris,    Henry,   b.   near   Buskirk's    Bridge,    Washington,    N.Y.,    Sept.    19, 

1803;  Ham.  C.  23.  N.B.S.  and  P.S.  24  8,  I.   Presbyt.  Troy.  Feb.  25.  29; 

ord.  by  same  as  an  evangeli-t.  Feb.  23.  31  ;    (Miss,  at  Wapping.  Ct., 


THE    MINISTRY.  635 

29-32,  Granville,  N.Y.,  32-4,  Orwell,  Vt.,  34-41,  supplied  Burlington. 
Ct.,  41-3, )  Union  Village,  43-8,  Easton,  N.Y.,  (S.S.,)  50-5,  Cudde- 
backville,  55-62,  serving  in  Christian  Com.  among  the  soldiers,  Nov. 
63-May  64,  at  Newbern,  Roanoke,  Is.,  and  Plymouth,  N.C. ;  supplying 
churches,  64-76,  emeritus.  Died  Oct.  17,  1882.  See  also  "P.  Sem. 
Cat." 
Publication  :     Sermons  on  Baptism.    1844. 

Morris,  Jonathan  Ford,  b.  in  Somerville,  N.J.,  1801  ;  N.B.S.  1824:  1.  CI. 
N.B.  1824;  Miss,  successively  at  Ovid,  Fayette,  Pultneyville,  and  Wy- 
nantskill,  1824-5,  at  Montville,  1825-7,  at  Amsterdam,  (or  Albany 
Bush,)  Glen,  Charleston,  Ephratah,  Stone  Arabia,  Herkimer,  Ford's 
Bush,  Asquach,  1827-9,  Nassau,  1829-32,  w.  c.  Died  July  11,  1886. 
"Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1887,  430. 

Morris,  Jonathan  N.    Rosendale,  1891-3,  Newark,  N.J.  (Trinity)  1893 

Morrison,  John,  b.  Fishkill-on-the-Hudson,  Dec.  12,  1859;  R-C.  82,  N.B.S. 

85,  1.  CI San  Bernardino,  Cal., Oakland,  Cal.,  Portland, 

Oregon,  92-99,  d.  July  26.    "Biog.  Notices  Grads.  R.C.,"  1900,  29. 
See  account  of  his  father  in  "Wicke's  Hist,  of  Medicine,  in  N.J.,"  338. 

Morse,  A.  G.    Cato.     S.S.  1857-9. 

(Morse,  B.  Y.     Miss,  to  Rochester  and  Clove,  1828.) 

Morton,  Thomas,  b.   Salem,   Mass.,  June  8,   185 1  ;   Mad.   U.    1879;   U.T.S. 

1886-9;  ord.  by  CI.  Bergen,  Ap.  17,  1888;  S.S.  Spotswood,  N.J.,  1890- 1  ; 

New  Salem,  N.Y.,  1892-3;  Glenville,  N.Y.,  1893-5. 
Moses,  Nathaniel,  (Hindoo),  ord.  by  CI.  Arcot,  Jan.  28,  1880;  evangelist 

in  India,  1880 

Moule,  John  G.     R.C.  1834,  P.S.  37;  Unionville,  1837-9,  Sand  Beach,  1839- 

41    (Orwell;  Damascus,  Pa.;  Colchester,  N.Y. ;  Colicoon,  N.Y.)     See 

"P.  Sem.  Gen.  Cat." 
Moulinars,    Jean    Joseph     Brumauld,     (French    Reformed),    New     York 

(French  Ch.)  Nov.  12,  1718-26,  New  Rochelle,  1726-41,  died  Oct. 
He  was  a  colleague  of  Mr.  Rou,  1718-24.  He  was  distinguished  for  a 
pacific  disposition  and  unblamable  life.  But  in  1724  his  amicable  relations 
with  Rou  came  to  a  sudden  end.  Rou  was  inclined  to  Episcopacy,  but 
Moulinars  declared  that  Episcopacy  and  Romanism  were  as  much  alike  as 
two  fishes.  Hence  he  began  to  oppose  Rou,  but  the  latter  was  far  more 
eloquent,  and  thereby  attached  the  people  to  him  for  a  while.  But  a  new 
Consistory  was  elected,  who  favored  Moulinars  and  was  disposed  to 
humble  Rou.  The  latter  refused  to  recognize  the  validity  of  their  election. 
They  ejected  Rou  from  his  office,  but  afterward  regretted  their  act.  Rou's 
adherents  entered  a  complaint  to  Governor  Burnet  against  these  Elders. 
The  Governor's  Council  urged  them  to  be  reconciled  to  each  other,  and 
finally  the  Elders  offered  to  submit  their  differences  tc  the  Dutch  ministers. 
But  Rou,  knowing  that  the  French  church  was  not  formally  organized, 
and  since  there  was  no  Classis  or  Synod,  he  could  not  be  restrained  by  the 
Elders,  brought  a  bill  in  chancery  before  the  Governor.  Mr.  Smith,  the 
Elders'  counsel,  pleaded  that  the  court  had  no  jurisdiction;  that  the  matter 


636  THE    MINISTRY  . 

was  purely  ecclesiastical;  that  according  to  the  Constitution  of  the  Re- 
formed Church  in  France,  the  Consistory  were  the  only  proper  judges;  and 
that  from  them  an  appeal  lay  to  the  Colloquy  or  Classis,  then  to  the  Pro- 
vincial Synod,  and  then  to  the  General  Synod.  Governor  Burnet,  however, 
overruled  this  plea,  and  the  Elders,  fearing  they  might  become  personally 
responsible  for  Rou's  salary,  reinstated  him,  and  then  they  left  the  church. 
For  a  different  account  of  these  difficulties,  see  Rou. 

See  "Doc.  Hist."  iii.  64,  76,  77,  467-9,  1166,  1169;  "Smith's  Hist.,  N.Y.," 
166-7;  "Collections  of  the  Huguenot  Soc,"  pp.  xxxviii.-xliv. 

Mi'ilenberg,  Tetjnis  William,  b.  Pella,  la.,  June  15.  1864;  H.C.  89,  N.B.S. 

92,  1.  CI.  N.B.  Boyden,  la.,  92-4,  Grand  Rapids,  7th.  94-8,  Grand  Haven, 

1898— 
Muldor,  Ties.     H.C.  1898,  N.B.S.  1901  ;  Liberty,  Okla.,  1901 

Mulford,  Henry  Du  Bois,  b.  in  town  of  Livingston,  Columbia  Co.,  N.Y., 
Sept.  27,  1859;  R.C.  81,  N.B.S.  85,  lie.  by  CI.  of  Hudson;  Six  Alile 
Run,    85-89,    Syracuse,    1st,    89-97,    Prof.    Eng.    Lang,    and    Lit.    R.C. 

1897 

Publications:  Hist.  Disc,  at  175th  Anniversary,  Six-Mile  Run,  N.J., 
1885;  Sermon:  "Relation  of  Dutch  Pride  to  the  Dutch  Church,"  1893; 
Hist.  Add. :  "The  Centennial  of  Onondaga  Co.,  N.Y.,"  1894. — "Recollec- 
tions of  Dr.  W.  H.  Campbell,"  in  "Memorial."    55. 

Muller,  Fred.,  b.  June  18,  1869,  in  Sinsheim,  Baden,  Germany ;  Bloomfield, 
Acad.  Dept.  93,  Theolog.  Dept.  96,  1.  Presbyt.  Newark,  96;  ord.  by 
Presb.  of  Monmouth,  Oct.  14,  96;  (South  River,  N.J.,  96-9,)  Albany, 
4th,  1899 

Muller,  John,  b.  at  Kaeslitz,  Duchy  S.  Meiningen,  Ger.,  June  22,  1826; 
R.C.  51,  N.B.S.  54,  1.  CI.  N.Y. ;  Wolcott.  54-7,  Miss,  in  Philadelphia, 
57-8,  Burlington,  la.,  58-61,  Silver  Creek,  61-71,  Peoria,  71-93-  Presi- 
dent, Pleasant  Prairie  College,  (now  Academy),  94-7;  emeritus,  1898. 
Publications  :     A   volume   of   12   sermons.      Contributions   to   German 

Periodicals. 

Muller,  Mathew,  Jersey  City,  1st  Ger.,  1893-4,  Bayonne,  3d,  Ger.,  94-6. 

Mulligan,  John,  b.  in  Ireland,  1793;  Rector  of  Gr.  School  at  N.B.  28-30; 
teacher  in  N.Y.C.  29-61,  d. ;  also  Prof.  Latin  and  Greek  in  N.Y.  Uni- 
versity, 32-3. 
He  was  a  man  of  exceeding  modesty,  and,  partly  from  this  fact,  never 
regularly  settled  over  a  charge.     He  was  an  Irish  gentleman,  remarkably 
well  educated,  endowed  by  nature  with   a  very  acute  and  comprehensive 
mind,  which  was  well  stored  with  the  acquisitions  of  years  of  study  and 
careful  and  extensive   experience   and   observation.     He   was   almost   too 
learned   for  a  common  teacher,  being  better  adapted   to  the  professorial 
chair,  but  he  was  a  man  of  great  faithfulness,  diligence,  courtesy,  and  kind- 
ness.   He  had  few  of  the  graces  of  elocution,  and  little  action,  but  his  ser- 
mons were  well  prepared,  learned,  well  written,  and  full  of  thought. 


THE    MINISTRY.  637 

Publications  :     "Exposition  of  the  Grammatical  Structure  of  the  Eng- 
lish Language."  121110,  pp.  574,  N.Y.,  1852. — Reviewed  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  Ap. 
28,  1852. — Abridgement  of  the  same,  1854. 
Muni,  Abraham.     (Hindoo,)  Arcot  Sem.  1890,  1.  CI.  Arcot;  evangelist  in 

India,  1890 

Muni,  David,   (Hindoo,)   Arcot  Sem.  1896,  1.  CI.  Arcot;  evangelist  in  In- 
dia, 1896 

Munn,  Anson  F.,  b.  in  Stockbridge,  Mass.,  1828;  R.C.  52,  N.B.S.  56,  1. 
CI.  N.B. ;  East  New  York,  56-68,  Coxsackie  Landing,  6S-77,  d.  June 
26.  See  Manual  of  1879. 
Murden,  Benjamin  F.,  b.  N.Y.C.  Dec.  16,  1817;  R.C.  43:  N.B.S.  46.  1.  CI. 
N.Y. ;  Taghkanic  (Copake),  47-50,  Union,  50-54,  (Presbyt.  Mitford, 
57-1861,  Plymouth,  61-68,  Dearborn  and  Sheldon,  68-70.  Montague,  70- 
81)  ;  d.  1891,  Ap.  14.  See  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,"  1891,  22. 
Murdoch,  David,  Catskill,  1842-51,  cl.   1861. 

Publications:  "The  Minister  of  Christ  in  His  Sphere  an  Object  of 
Holy  Admiration":  a  Sermon  at  the  Ordination  of  Rev.  David  Murdoch, 
Jr.,  at  New  Milford,  Ct.,  1850. 

(See  "Union  Sem.  Gen.  Cat."  for  items  concerning  David  Murdoch.  Jr.). 
— "The  Dutch  Domine  of  the  Catskills,  or  the  Times  of  the  Bloody  Brandt," 
1861. 
Murgatroyd,  Edwin  R.,  b.  N.Y.C.  1855  ;  C.C.N.Y.  79,  U.S.  83.  He.  Cl.  N.Y. 

See  "U.  Sem.  Gen.  Cat  " 
Murphey,  Jas..  b.  near  Rhinebeck,  1788;   N.B.S.   1814,  1.   Cl.   N.B.  Roches- 
ter,   Wawarsing,   and   Clove,    14-25,    Glenville,   2d,   26-34;    (also   Miss, 
at  Rexfordville,  30,)   St.  Johnsville  and  Manheim,  34-7,  Herkimer  and 
German  Flats,  37-41,  Herkimer  and  Frankfort,  39-40,  Herkimer  and 
Mohawk,   40-2,   Coeymans,  42,  Herkimer,   43-49,    S.S.   Columbia,   50-4, 
Frankfort,  54-7,  d.  1857. 
He  enjoyed  in  a  high  degree  the  respect  and  esteem  of  his  fellow-citizens, 
on  account  of  his  learning,  his  meekness,  and  his  assiduity  as  a  Christian 
teacher.     He  was  fond  of  study,  had  a  special  relish  for  the  classics,  and 
some  of  the  natural  sciences.     He  was  a  preacher  of  superior  abilities,  and 
a  pastor  of  approved  fidelity.     He  was  strongly  urged  to  accept  a  call  to 
the  Ger.  Ref.  Ch.  of  Harrisburgh,  in  1837.  but  declined. — -Rev.  Chas.  Scott. 
Publications:     "Bible  and  Geology."     1850. — -Art.   in   "Sprague's    An- 
nals" on  Rev.  Jer.  Romeyn. 

Murray,  Chauncy  D.    Y.C.  &  Y.  Sem.,  Market  Street,  N.Y.C,  1861-3.    Left 
the   ministry   for  the  law.      Became  a  leading  political   orator.      Died 
Jan.   19,  1885. 
Murray,  Chester  P.,  b.  Pa.  1845.  C.N.J.  72,  P.S.  75 ;  Lodi,  N.Y.,  85-6.     For 

other  details,  see  "P.  Sem.  Cat." 
Muzelius,  Frederick,  b.  in  Germany,  1704  ;  Tappan,  1726-49,  d.  1782,  Ap.  7. 

He  began  as  a  conservative  member  of  the  Ccetns  party,  but  soon  became 
doubtful,  if  not  positively  antagonistic  to  them.  He  had  considerable  diffi- 
culty with  the  church  of  Tappan,  and  in  1749  was  obliged  to  desist  preach- 


638  THE    MINISTRY. 

ing. — "Amst.  Cor.,*'  many  letters  of  references.     See  "Cole's  Hist.  Ch.  of 
Tappan,"  1894. 

M\  er,  see  Meyer. 

Myer,  Gilbert  McP..  b.  at  Coxsackie,  1815;  K.C.  1838,  N.B.S.  1841,  I.  CI. 

Greene,  1841 ;  Cohoes.  1841-6.  d.  See  Manual  of  1879. 
Myers,  Alfred  Edwards,  b.    N.Y.C.   Dec.  29,   1844;  Wms.   C.  66;  N.B.S. 
66-7,  P.S.  68-9,  U.T.S.  69-70,  lie.   S.   CI.  L.I. ;  ord.  on  Oct.  9.   1870; 
Bethany  Chapel,   Brooklyn,   70-1,    in   Europe,   71-2,    Bronxville.    N.Y., 
72-6,  Owasco,  N.Y.,  77-9;   (Owasco,   (Presb.)    79-85:   Syracuse,  N.Y., 

85-93;)  assistant  pastor  Collegiate  Ch.,  5th  av.  and  29th  St.,  [893 

Publications:  "The  Sociable,  the  Entertainment,  and  the  Bazaar": 
Philadelphia.  1882. — "The  Besl  Way  of  Giving."  1891. — Contributions  to  the 
Religious  Press. 

Myers,  Chs.  Morris,  b.  Brooklyn,  X.Y..  Aug.  9,  1875;  N.Y.U.  96,  N.B.S. 
99,  lie.  and  ord.  by  CI.  N.Y. ;  Missionary  at   Nagasaki,  Japan    teaching 

in  Steele  College,  1899 

Myers,  Henry  Van  Schoonhoven,  b.  N.Y.C.  May  27,  1842;  W.C.  65, 
N.B.S.  68.  1.  S.  CI.  L.I.;  traveling  in  Europe,  68-70;  assistant  to  Quack- 
enbush,  Prospect  Hill,  N.Y.C.  May-Oct.  70;  ord.  by  CI.  Hudson,  Feb. 
14.  71;  Upper  Red  Hook,  71-4,  South  Brooklyn.  74-81.  Newburgh,  82- 
01.  Union,  N.Y.C,  91-4,  Church  of  the  Comforter,  N.Y.C,  1894— 

Myles.  William  Guthrie,  Garfield,  N.J.,  1897 

Nasholds,  Wm.  HoseAj  b.  Knox,  N.Y.,  Feb.  22,  1850;  R.C  76.  N.B.S.  79, 
1.    CI.   Albany:    Ramapo  and   Ramsays,    79-80.    Geneva,   80-2.    Farmer, 

N.Y,  82-7,  Schodack  Landing,  87-91.  Bethlehem.  NY.,  1891 

Nathaniel,  Elias,    (Hindoo),  Arcot  Sem.   1892.  1.  CI.   Arcot;   evangelist 

in  India,  1892 

X  \mi  wife.  John  Kay,   (Hindoo),  lie.  by  CI.  Arcot:  evangelist  in  [ndia. 
Nathaniel,  Moses,  studied  under  the  Missionaries;  lie.  CI.  Arcot,  India. 

1S77:  ord.  Jan.  28.  1880:  Arcot,  1880— 
Neal,    \va.  C.C.   1810.  tutor  in  R.C.   14;  N.B.S.  16.  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Pompton 
Plains    and    Fairfield,    17-22.    Pompton    Plains,   22-X,    suspended    in    29, 
restored  3,t„  d.  1839. 
|'i  1:1  11  vtions:     "An    Abstract  of   Dr.   Livingston's  Theology."     2  edi- 
tions.   1st,  1831 ;  2d,  1832. 
Neal,  Robt.    Prattsville,  X.  Y..  1896-7. 
N<  ander,  J.    Miss.  t<>  Jews,  [846  8. 
Neef,  G.  L     N.Y.C,  Norfolk  St.   (Ger.)   1875-83.   (Lancaster.  Pa..  G.R.C 

[883 ) 

Neef,  Jacob  F.,  b.  Feb.  1,  1827,  in  Germain  ;  Stuttgardt  Coll.,  Germany;  c. 

to  America,  1853;  N.B.S.  1858,  lie.  CI.  X.Y.,  Plainfield.  and   Warren, 

1858-64,  Albany,  4th,   18(15-88.   Feb.  6.     See  "Mints.   Gen.   Syn.,"   1888, 

680. 
Neerken,  XTch.    H.C.  1871,  H.S.  1874,  w.  c. 
Nevius,  Elbert,  b.  mar  Six  Mile  Run,  N.J..  Sept.  4,  1808:  R.C.  30,  N.B.S. 

34,  1.  by  CI.  CayusM  :   Mi<*.   at    l.vmb.    1S35.    \rcadia,  35-36.  voyage  to 


THE    MINISTRY.  639 

Java,  June-Sept,  36,  Batavia,  36-39,  Pontianak.  39-44,  (voyage  to  Singa- 
pore, 42,)  returned  to  America,  1844;  Stuyvesant,  46-86,  S.S.  at  Stuy- 
vesant  Falls,  86-89.  Died  Sept.  29,  1897. 
In  early  life  he  moved,  with  his  father,  to  a  farm  near  Ovid,  N.Y.  In 
1836  he  and  his  wife  went,  in  company  with  Revs.  Ennis,  Doty,  Young- 
blood  and  their  wives,  and  Miss  Condit,  a  sister  of  Mrs.  Nevius.  to  Bor- 
neo. They  had  expected  to  go  to  China,  but  the  way  was  closed.  Upon 
returning  to  America  in  1844,  he  spent  two  years  in  presenting  the  work 
of  Foreign  Missions  to  the  churches.  His  father  and  an  elder  brother 
were  men  of  strong  religious  character,  and  he  received  from  them  im- 
pressions which  influenced  his  whole  life.  They  abolished  the  use  of  in- 
toxicating liquor  in  harvesting  at  a  time  when  such  conduct  was  ridiculed. 
The  difficulties  of  Foreign  Mission  work  at  the  time  he  entered  upon  it 
were  very  great.  He  penetrated  regions  in  Borneo  where  no  white  man 
had  previously  entered.  The  ill-health  of  his  wife  compelled  his  return 
home;  and  here  his  labors  were  abundantly  blessed.  His  was  one  of  the 
most  Christ-like  of  lives.  His  character  seemed  well-nigh  the  perfected 
fruit  of  Christian  faith.  He  was  a  man  of  quick  sympathies  and  strong 
affections.  He  was  friendly  to  every  one.  and  every  one  was  a  friend  to 
him.  His  mind  was  a  rich  storehouse  of  memorized  Scripture,  hymns 
and  religious  poems.  Hence  he  was  ever  ready  with  apt  quotations.  He 
was  remarkably  gifted  in  public  prayer — reverent,  comprehensive,  using 
beautiful  language,  abounding  in  Biblical  expressions,  and  all  uttered  in 
childlike  faith.  The  work  of  missions  always  had  a  large  place  in  his 
heart  and  prayers.  He  presented  the  cause  every  month  to  his  people,  and 
was  a  liberal  giver  to  the  cause,  as  well  as  to  all  other  goorl  works.  See 
"Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1898,  235.— "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C.."  1898,  9. 

Publications:     Art.  in  "Sprague's  Annals"  on  Rev.  W.  J.   Pohlman. — 

Sketch  of  the  Classis  of  Rennselaer.     1876. 

(Nevius.  John  Livingston,  also  of  Six  Mile  Run.  a  Presbyterian  missionary 
in  China  for  many  years.     See  his  life  by  the  Presbyterian  Board.) 

Newton,  E..  Easton,  N.Y.     (S.S.)    1844. 

Nicholls,  Thos..  b.  at  Yonkers.  N.Y..   1838;  C.N.J.  56.  U.S.  60.  A.S.  61; 
(Chester,  N.Y.,  63-71,)   Queens,  L.I.,  71-5,   (New  Brunswick,  1875-9.) 
See  "U.  Sem.  Gen.  Cat." 
Publications  :    Sermon  on  "Preaching  to  the  Conscience."     1873. 

Nickerson,  Norman  Fred.,  b.  Putnam  Co.,  N.Y..  Nov.  26.  1836:  law.  62-5. 

teacher,  65-73,  U.S.  74.    (Presbyt.   75-81),   Prattsville,   81-5.   Glenville, 

85-91,  Miss.   Centreville  City,   S.D.,  91-6,  Miss.   Britton,  Mich.,    1896- 

1900;  Presbyt.     See.  "U.  Sem.  Gen.  Cat." 
Nicolai,  Nathaniel,  b.  in  Russia;  Canarsie.  1889-90. 
Niehoff,  John,  b.    at  Logu   Ostfriesland,    Ger.,  June  6.    1838:    Forreston, 

86-8,  Pekin,  2d,  111.  (Ger.)  88-92.     Died  Mar.  3,  1892. 
For  a  number  of  years  he  was  pastor  of  the  German  Reformed  Church 
in  Pekin.     In  a  city  where  the  social  habits,  in  reference  to  beer  drinking 
and  Sabbath  observance,  are  not  very  strict.  Mr.  Niehoff  took  a  firm  stand 


64O  THE    MINIS!  10 

against  those  customs,  which  he  saw  were  undermining  the  foundations  of 
morality  and  religion.  His  firm  stand  against  these  evils  brought  him 
many  trials  from  his  German  brethren,  but  his  consistent  life  and  Chris- 
tian spirit  made  him  a  power  for  good  in  that  city,  and  especially  among 
the  young. — '"Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1892,  656. 

Xiemeyer,  Geokge,  b.  Groningen,  Netherlands,  Mar.  20,  1854;  H.C.  79. 
X.B.S.  82,  1.  CI.  Holland;  Detroit,  Mich.,  82-4,  Vriesland,  Mich.,  84-6, 
Cleveland,  O.,  86-90,  Pond's,  N.J.,  90-3,  Shokan  and  Shandaken,  N.Y., 

93-8,  Otley.  la.,  1899 

Niemeyer,  II..  George,  la.,  1894-5. 

Nies,  Helenus  Elizaus,  b.  in  Groningen,  Netherlands,  Feb.  24,  1844;  H.C. 

73,  H.S.  76,  lie.  Col.  Holland;  Saugatuck,  76-80,  Paterson,  Union  Refd. 

(Hoi.)    1880 —        Also  agent   of   Bd.   of  Dom.    Missions,   1890-1,   and 

1893,  to  meet  Holland  immigrant-  arriving  at  Castle  Garden,  N.Y.C. 
Niewenhyt.     See  Van  Niewenhuysen. — "Gunn's  Livingston,"  49.  and  "Rog- 
ers'  Discourse,"  63. 
Niles.  Edward,  b.  York,  Pa.,  Sept.  18.  1868:  Wms.  C.  01,  U.S.  94,  1-  CI. 

Kingston;  Gardiner,  94-9,  Assistant  N.Y.C.  Middle  Collegiate,  98-1901, 

South  Bushwick,   1901 

Noble,  Geo.  Pleasants,  b.  N.Y.C.  Jan.  4.  1845;  W.C.  05.  U.S.  68;  Brooklyn, 

Myrtle  A  v.    (S.S.)  68-9.     See  "U.  Sem.  Gen.  Cat." 
Noe.  D.  D.     S.S.  Columbia  and  Warren,  1835. 
Norris,  James  Avery,  b.  Westfield,  N.Y.,  1857;  R.C.  82,  U.S.  85;  Hastings- 

011  the-Hudson,  1888-95.     See  "U.  Sem.  Gen.  Cat." 
Xott.  Chas.  De  Kay,  b.  Norman  Vale,   X.Y..  Sept.   12,  1833:  U.C.  54.  U.S. 

56,  N.B.S.  59,  lie.  CI.  Albany;  Mohawk.  1859-64.     See  "U.  Sem.  Gen. 

Cat." 
Xoit.  John,  (s.  of  Rev.  J.  Eliphalet  Xott,  formerly  President  of  U.C)  b. 

at  Albany,  1801 ;  U.C.  23,  A.S.  and  P.S.;  tutor  in  U.C.  30,  Assist.  Prof. 

Rhetoric  U.C.   30-54:   Rotterdam,   2d,  41-54;   also  supplying  at  times 

Princeton,  N.Y. ;   residing  at  Goldsborough,  in   North  Carolina.  54-60, 

(1.   May  12,  1878.     See  Manna!  of  1870.  and  "P.S.  Gen.  Cat." 
Noyes.   Stephen  Dutton.  b.  in   Newburyport,  Mass..  Ap.  14,  1841.  Am.  C. 

66,  studied  theology  in  Baltimore,   served  in   Presby.  chs.  until    1883. 

Kingston.  (Fair  St.),  83-94.  d.  Mar.  14.  D.D.  from  U.C.  1892 
lie  was  recognized  as  one  of  the  Strong  men.  He  had  been  heard  sev- 
eral times  in  services  during  sessions  of  General  Synod,  and  was  greatly 
admired  for  his  clearness  of  thougb.1  and  for  the  neatness  of  his  diction, 
as  well  as  for  the  evangelical  and  spiritual  character  of  his  addresses. 
His  sermons,  while  always  showing  the  results  of  careful  preparation  and 
thought,  as  to  the  general  subject  matter,  were  neither  memorized  nor 
delivered  from  notes.  Fitting  language  in  which  to  clothe  the  most  sub- 
lime ideas  seemed  to  rise  to  his  lips  without  effort.  He  was  a  great  student 
and  read  widely,  understanding  and  assimilating  what  he  read  as  few- 
people  do.  In  private  life  as 'well  as  in  the  pulpit.  Dr.  Noyes  displayed  a 
broad  and  catholic  spirit,  having  respect  for  the  sincere  religious  opinions 
of  others,  however  much  they  might  differ  from  his  own.     Devoid  of  af- 


THE    MINISTRY.  64I 

fectation,  deceit  or  desire  to  curry  favor,  he  was  equally  kind  and  courteous 
to  all.  As  a  man  and  a  preacher  he  had  few  equals. — "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.," 
1894,  222. 

Nucella,  John  Peter,  elected  by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  from  three 
candidates,  to  go  to  Kingston,  N.  Y.,  Mar.  15,  1694;  ord.  by  CI.  Amster- 
dam, Ap.  13,  1694,  c.  to  America,  1695 ;  Kingston,  1695-1704,  also  sup- 
plied Albany,  1698-1700,  during  the  interval  between  Dellius  and  Ly- 
dius.  In  1704,  went  to  London,  to  take  charge  of  Queen  Anne's  Dutch 
Chapel  there.     Died,  Jan.,  1722. 

His  name  does  not  appear  in  the  catalogues  of  Leyden,  Utrecht,  or  Gro- 
ningen,  yet  the  name  Nucella  several  times  appears  in  those  catalogues. 
Isaac  Nucella,  b.  1666,  matriculated  at  Leyden,  Mar.  18,  1693,  for  the  study 
of  medicine.  His  residence  was  Mulhemis — Montanus.  One  of  the  same 
name  and  residence,  matriculated  at  Utrecht  in  1697.  There  was  a  Jo- 
hannes Nucella,  b.  1709,  of  Culenburg,  who  matriculated  at  Leyden  on 
Sept.  22,  1729,  for  the  study  of  Theology.  There  was  also  an  Edwardus 
Nucella,  of  London,  b.  1759,  who  matriculated  at  Leyden,  in  1778,  for  the 
study  of  law.  Our  Kingston  Nucella  had  an  English  wife,  and  this,  no 
doubt,  had  something  to  do  with  his  moving  to  London ;  and  the  Edward, 
last-mentioned,  was  probably  a  grandson.  He  was  a  candidate  of  a  strong 
faction  in  the  Church  of  New  York,  in  1698,  when  that  church  had  so 
much  trouble  in  choosing  a  pastor. 

He  was  a  candidate  for  the  ministry  when  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  put 
the  call  of  Kingston  in  his  hands.  The  Classis  said  he  was  well-spoken, 
studious,  edifying;  "one  also  who  has  been  tried  by  us  for  many  years." 
Regret  was  expressed  by  the  Classis  that  he  was  not  able  to  preach  in 
the  English  language.  On  account  of  the  preceding  troubles  at  Kingston 
the  Classis  exhorted  the  church  to  receive  him  with  all  the  respect  and 
deference  due  to  an  ambassador  of  God.  It  was  through  his  caution  that 
dissensions  were  prevented  at  Albany,  when  Freeman  attempted  to  antici- 
pate Lydius  in  settling  there.  (Freeman,  Lydius.)  The  Classis  subse- 
quently commended  him  for  his  prudence  in  this  affair.  In  1704  he  was 
appointed  by  Queen  Anne  to  take  charge  of  the  Dutch  Chapel  Royal  of  St. 
James,  in  London.  This  had  been  founded  by  William  III.  upon  his  ac- 
cession to  the  English  throne,  about  1688,  and  was  continued  with  a  suc- 
cession of  Dutch  ministers  until  1809,  when,  on  account  of  a  fire  in  the 
Palace,  the  Dutch  service  therein  was  discontinued.  Nucella's  wife  was  an 
Englishwoman.  The  original  Minutes  of  this  Chapel  are  still  preserved  in 
the  Somerset  House,  London,  and  were  examined  by  the  author  in  1898. 
See  also  "Burn's  History  of  the  Foreign  Refugees  in  England,"  pages 
222-3,  London,  1846. — "Amst.  Cor.,"  many  letters.  "Col.  Docs.,"  N.Y.,  iv. 
582.  "Doc.  Hist.."  N.Y.,  iii.  77.  The  study  of  the  published  documents 
of  the  Church  of  Austin  Friars,  London,  would  probably  throw  some  light 
on  his  history. 

Nykerk,  G.  J.,  b.  in  Hellendom,  Overisel,  Netherlands,  Jan.  25,  1819; 
studied  theology  with  Rev.  John  Van  Vleck,  1858;  He.  by  CI.  Holland; 
Overyssel,  58-91  ;  pastor  emeritus  91-1899;  d.  July  11. 


642  THE    MINISTRY 

lie  became  an  earnest  leader  among  the  young  during  the  great  spiritual 
awakening  in  the  Netherlands,  about  1836-40,  under  the  preaching  of  Van 
Raalte,  Van  der  Menlen  and  Bolks.  He  joined  his  friends  at  Overyssel, 
Mich.,  in  1849,  two  years  after  their  emigration.  He  at  once  engaged  in 
active  labors  in  the  church,  and  on  the  death  of  Pastor  Bolks,  was  urged 
to  become  its  pastor.  He  studied  for  the  work,  and  was  one  of  the  first 
theological  graduates  of  Holland  Academy.  He  was  a  man  full  of  the 
Spirit,  and  his  ministry  was,  of  course,  abundantly  blessed  with  revivals. 
Of  a  tender  and  sympathetic  nature,  he  was  accessible  to  all.  He  was  of 
a  practical  turn  of  mind,  and  his  preaching  brought  the  truth  straight  to 
the  heart.  He  was  unswerving  in  his  fidelity  to  the  great  evangelical  truths 
of  redemption.    See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1900,  899. 

Oakes,  Chandler  A.,  b.  Chester,  Pa.,  June  10.  1865  ;  Lafayette  College,  1891. 
U.S.,  1891-3.  Licensed  by  Presbytery  of  Newcastle.  Delaware,  March 
1,  1893.  (Assistant  pastor  Brooklyn  Tabernacle,  1892-4.)  Fair  Street 
Reformed  Church,  Kingston,  N.Y.,  1894-8.    Atty.  and  Couns.  at  Law, 

Kingston.   N.Y.,   1898 Ph.D.  by  Taylor  University,  Fort  Wayne, 

Ind.,  1893.    See  "U.  Sem.  Gen.  Cat." 

Oakey,  Peter  D..  b.  New  Brunswick,  June  22.  1816;  R.C.  41.  N.B.S.  44.  1. 
CI.  N.Y.,  Oyster  Bay,  44-7,  Brooklyn,  Middle.  47-9,  (Jamaica.  Presbyt., 
50-70,)  teaching  at  Neshanic,  70-6.  also  supplying  Three  Bridges,  73-6; 
(Springfield,  L.I.,  Presbyt..  76-87).  w.  c.     Died  Oct.  4,  1895. 

He  was  favored  with  a  devotedly  pious  ancestry  in  the  First  Church  of 
New  Brunswick.  In  his  pastorate  of  the  Middle  Ref.  Ch.,  Brooklyn,  of 
three  years,  the  Lord  added  to  that  church  an  average  of  53  members  per 
year.  He  was  surprised  in  1850  to  receive  a  call  from  the  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Jamaica.  L.I.,  being  a  stranger  in  that  community.  Here  he 
spent  twenty  years,  when  throat  trouble  compelled  him  to  seek  rest.  He 
was  genial  in  his  social  relations;  true  and  faithful  as  a  friend;  he  was 
clothed  in  a  good  degree  with  humility  and  modesty,  yet  firm  and  bold  in 
adhering  to  truth  and  the  right:  his  Christian  courtesy  was  apparent,  yet 
not  assumed  for  an  occasion;  children  loved  him,  as  he  showed  his  loving 
interest  in  their  welfare;  he  was  kind  and  peaceful,  and  thus  qualified  to 
be  a  peacemaker;  as  a  minister  of  Christ,  he  honored  his  office,  holding 
strong  convictions  of  its  Divine  authority  and  of  his  responsibility  and 
accountabilitj  to  hi-  Lord;  he  loved  to  "preach  the  Word"  in  its  solid. 
evangelic  character,  "for  the  edification  of  the  body  of  Christ":  as  a  Chris- 
tian patriot  he  pleaded  for  our  national  life,  in  the  pulpit  and  out  of  it. 
during  our  civil  war:  as  to  hi-  method  of  preaching,  he  wrote  many 
sermons,  but  probably  gave  utterance  of  many  more,  from  a  brief:  he  was 
a  fluent,  rapid  and  earnesi  speaker.  It  i-  evident,  from  the  amount  of 
work  he  performed,  he  was  a  man  of  marked  diligence,  patience  and  untir- 
ing perseverance. — Rev.  G.  J.  Van  Neste.  See  also  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads. 
R.C."   [896,    1.: 

I'i  1:1  11  VTIONS  :  F.dited  an  edition  of  Rev.  11.  V.  Stanton'-  Sermons,  1848. 
— "Idle  War:  ii-  Origin,  Purposes,  and  our  Duty  Respecting  Tt."  1861. — 
Thanksgiving  Sermon. — "Christian  Watchfulness." — 200th  Anniversary  of 


THE    MINISTRY.  643 

Presbyt.  Church,  Jamaica.  L.I. — Funeral  Sermon  of  "Nathan  Shelton, 
M.D."— Address  before  the  Queen's  Co.  School  Convention,  on  "Thales, 
the  first  Ionic  School-teacher."— A  New  Year's  Exhortation.  1868. — Hist, 
of  Presbyt.  Ch.  of  Jamaica,  L.I.  • 

Oehl,  John  Jacob,    (Oel,  or  Ehlig.  or  Ehle),   ordained  in  England,   1722, 
came  to   America  with  a  company  of  Germans,   1722.   labored   among 
the  Germans  along  the  Hudson,  1722-4  ;  in  Schoharie  Co.  and  the  Val- 
ley of  the  Mohawk  1724  for  many  years.     He  also   supplied  Kinder- 
hook  occasionally,  1722-7.     Died  about  1780. 
He  wrote  to  the  Mission  Society  in  England  on  Julj    29,    1724,  that  he 
had  been  ordained  by  the  Bishop  of  London  in  1722,  and  had  accompanied 
a  colony  of  Germans  to  New  York  in  the  same  year ;  that  he  had  labored 
at  first  along  the  Hudson  (after  J.  F.  Haeger's  death),  but  had  subsequent- 
ly removed  to   Schoharie.     He  asked  that   society   to   give   him   the  same 
salary  as  Haeger  had  received.     They  refused  to  do  this,  but  said  that  if 
he   would   send  them   his  certificates   to   corroborate   his    statements,   they 
would  make  him  a  present  of  $100.     He  probably  did  send  it,  or  at  least 
satisfied  them ;   for  the  next  year  he  received  $100  for  past  services  ;  and 
again  on   Sept.  30,   1734,  he  thanks  the   society  for  its   support.     He  was 
naturalized   in    1732.     He  also,   like   Haeger,   labored   among  the   Indians. 
See  Good's  Hist.  Rfd.  Ch.  in  U.S.  147-8. 
See  a  letter  of  his  to  Sir  Wm.  Johnson,  1762,  in  "Doc.  Hist.."  i\\.  198. 

Oerter,  John  Henry,  b.  in  Westphalia,  Germany;  N.B.S.  1856,  1.  CI.  N.Y., 
1856;   Warren,   1856-8,   German,  4th,   N.Y.C..   1858—        D.D.   by  R.C. 
1878. 
Publications:     Art.  on  "Socialism,"   1878. — Vedder  Lectures   on  "So- 
cialism,"   1887. — Bibelcatechimus    fur   die    Sonntagschule   und   den   Confir- 
manden-unterricht,  1884. 

Offord,  Robt.  Marshall,  (son  of  Rev.  John  Offord),  b.  Sept.  17,  1846.  at 
St.  Anstell,  Cornwall,  Eng.  ;  studied  the  Classics  and  Theology  in 
England.  Came  to  America,  1870;  lie.  and  ord.  by  the  Methodist 
Prot.    Ch.,   N.Y.    Conf.    76.      Entered    R.C.A.    78.      Lodi,   78-84.    again, 

1901 ■     On  editorial  staff  of  "N.  Y.  Observer."  1879-97.     LL.D.  by 

Taylor  Univ.  Ind. 
His  father  was  an  open  communion  Baptist,  settled  at  Palace  Gardens 
Chapel,  Bayswater,  London,  for  several  years  before  his  death  in  1869. 
His  son  did  not  sympathize  with  the  close  communion  views  of  the  Bap- 
tists in  America,  and  therefore  joined  the  Methodists;  but  ultimately  the 
Reformed  Ch.  in  America,  being  received  by  the  Classis  of  Paramus,  Sept. 
17,  1878-  He  had  already  gathered  the  congregation  at  Lodi,  N.J.,  and 
witnessed  its  organization  as  a  Refd.  Ch..  and  became  its  first  pastor.  He 
has  been  largely  engaged  in  journalism,  having  been  connected  with  the 
"New  York  Witness"  before  his  connection  with  the  "N.  Y.  Observer," 
and  a  correspondent  of  several  papers  in  various  parts  of  the  country.  For 
several  years  he  prepared  daily  and  weekly  accounts  of  the  Fulton  Street 
Prayer   Meeting   for   three    Metropolitan   journals,   the   "Christian    Intelli- 


644  THE    MINISTRY. 

gencer"  being  one  of  them.  He  has  contributed  frequent  articles  to  the 
"N.  Y.  Observer"  under  the  name  of  "Marshall";  also  "Sermons  from 
the  Backwoods  by  Peter  Peculiar" ;  as  well  as  a  number  of  hymns,  some 
of  which  are  in  the  standard  hymnals  of  the  day;  while  others  are  used 
with  happy  effect  in  evangelistic  services. 

Publications:  "Heart-Song."  a  volume  of  Hymns,  with  preface  by  Dr. 
T.  L.  Cuyler. — "Life's  Golden  Lamp,"  consisting  of  the  very  words  of 
Christ,  as  found  in  the  four  Gospels,  with  a  page  of  comment  on  each 
passage,  by  366  clergymen,  of  all  lands. — "Life  of  jerry  McAuley";  sev- 
eral editions. 

Ogden,  I.  G.    Buskirks,  1876-80. 

Ogcel.  Engelbert  Christian,  b.  Axel,  Netherlands,  Sept.  28,  1841 :  R.C. 
63,  N.B.S.  66,  1.  CI.  Holland;  New  Holland,  66-9,  Editor  of  "De 
Hope,"  and  Treas.  of  Hope  College,  69-71,  pastor  elect,  Graapschap, 
71-2,  Grand  Haven,  72-7,  (Kankakee,  111.,  Presbyt.  77-80,  Chicago, 
Westminster  Presbyt.  80-4,  Bethel  Union  Ch.,  and  Editor  of  "The 
Friend,"  at  Honolulu,  84-7,  Pullman,  111.,  Presbyt.  87-90),  St.  Thomas, 
W.I.,  90-3.  (S.S.  Pullman,  111.,)  93-4,  traveled  in  Europe,  94-6,  New 
Paltz,  N.Y.,  1896 

Oggel,  PictLT  J.  Grand  Haven,  1856-9,  Pella,  60-63,  Prof,  in  Hope  Col- 
lege, 68-9,  d.  Dec.  13. 

Oghimi,  Moto,  (Japanese,)  H.C.  1879,  N.B.S.  82.  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  ord.  by  CI. 
Albany,  1882.  Minister  in  Japan. — See  his  expression  of  grief  on  the 
death  of  Rev.  Dr.  A.  T.  Stewart,  1878,  in  "Stewart  Memorial,'*  page  41. 

Ogilvie,  James  Glaen,  b.  1794,  lie.  1826;  Montville,  1826-7,  Miss,  at  Little 
Falls  and  Fairfield,  1827-9,  Fairfield,  1829-32,  d.  Aug.  5,  from  injuries 
received  by  being  thrown  from  his  horse. 

Oi,  Mitsuye,  (Japanese),  R.C.  1802,  N.B.S.  95,  1.  CI.  N.B.  Teaching  in 
Japan,   1895 

Oliver.  Matthew  Newkirk,  1>.  Marbletown,  N.Y.,  Nov.  12,  1834;  U.C.  S7> 
N.B.S.  71,  1.  CI.  Kingston ;  Clover  Hill,  71-84,  Rosendale,  84-90, 
Tappan,  90-1901,  w.  c. 

Publications:  In  "Ch.  Intelligencer":  "Christ,  versus  Evolution,''  1878. 
— "The  Bearing  of  Darwinism  on  Christian  Faith." — "The  Johnstown 
Disaster,  or  Natural  Law  Subservient  to  Spiritual  Law." — "Going  A-fish- 
ing  with  John  Burroughs,"  1889 — "In  the  Christian  at  Work":  "Embry- 
otic  Resemblance  versus  Identity  of  Descent,"  1879. — "Herbert  Spencer  and 
the  Bible":  "Unethical  Tendencies  of  Spencer's  Ethics." — 'Difficulties 
and  Demands  of  Atheistic  Evolution,"  1880. — "The  Concessions  of  Herbert 
Spencer." — "Buddha,  no*  .  Compeer  of  Christ,"  1884. — "The  Mistakes  of 
Strauss,"  1883. — "The  Divine  Assuagement  of  Remorse."  1884. — "Tayler 
Lewis,"  1884. — "Christ  in  His  Human  Nature,"  1888.— "Renan's  Life  of 
Christ":  in  "Bibliotheca  Sacra,"  1893. — "The  Sourland  Mountain  Mis- 
sion": in  "Hist,  of  Somerset  Co.,  N.  J." 

01  my,  Eugene  C.     Wynant skill.    iSm   2 


THE   MINISTRY.  645 

Oltmans,  Albert,  b.  Zuidbroek,  Prov.  of  Groningen,  Netherlands,  1855 ; 
H.C.  83,  N.B.S.  86,  lie.  and  ord.  by  CI.  of  Grand  River,  Aug.  12,  86; 

Missionary  in  South  Japan,  1886 

Ostherhoff,  Albert,  b.  Spring  Lake,  Mich..  Nov.  24,  1866 ;  H.C.  92,  W.S. 
95,    1.    CI.    Holland;    Greenleaftown,    Minn.,    95-1901,    Danforth,    111., 

1901 

Oppie,  John,  b.  at  Griggstown,  N.J.,  1854;  R.C.  1874,  N.B.S.  1878,  lie.  CI. 

N.B.;  Geneva,  1878-9.    Died  Feb.  29,  1880. 
Ormiston,  Wm,  b.  in  parish  of  Symington,  Lanarkshire,  Scotland,  Ap.  23, 
1821 ;  moved  to  Canada,  1834 ;  University  of  Victoria  Coll.,  Cobourg, 
Can.,  1848 ;  classical  tutor  in  same,  45-7,  Prof,  of  Moral  Philosophy  in 
same,  47-8;  pastor  of  Newtonville,  Can.,  49-53,  mathematical  master 
and  lecturer  in  Nat.  Phil,  and  Chemistry,  Normal  Schools,  Toronto, 
53-7,  examiner  in  Toronto  University,  54-7,  superintendent  of  Classical 
grammar  schools,   in   Province   of  Ontario,   55-63,   pastor   of   Central 
Presbyt.  Ch.  Hamilton,  Can.,  57-70;  Collegiate  Ch.,  5th  av.  and  29th 
st.,    N.Y.C.,    70-88,   supplied    pulpits   in    Pasadena,    Cal.,   88-94.     Died 
Mar.  19,  1899. 
Trustee  of  R.C.  1876.— D.D.  by  N.Y.U.  1865.— LL.D.  bv  Victoria  Coll. 
1881. 

His  career  was  remarkable.  He  inherited  uncommon  physical  vigor  and 
mental  activity.  He  was  brought  up  on  a  farm,  but  was  eager  for  knowl- 
edge. When  19  years  of  age,  without  a  copper  or  a  coat,  he  left  home  to 
push  his  way  as  best  he  could.  He  taught  school  and  prepared  himself  for 
college.  He  almost  at  once  became  a  tutor  in  the  institution,  and  also, 
during  the  last  two  years  of  his  college  course,  pursued  theological  studies, 
and  in  due  time  entered  the  ministry.  In  1861  he  was  Moderator  of  the 
United  Presbyterian  Synod,  and  was  a  leader  in  the  movement  which 
resulted  in  union  with  the  Free  Church  in  1861.  He  was  Moderator  of  the 
Synod  of  the  United  Churches  in  1869. 

He  refused  many  calls  in  England  and  the  United  States,  but  finally 
came  to  New  York  in  1870.  His  preaching  produced  an  impression  which 
has  seldom  been  equaled.  The  church  was  crowded  three  times  each 
Sunday,  and  he  held  two  weekly  meetings  in  addition,  at  which  every  seat 
was  filled.  His  very  striking  personal  appearance,  his  abrupt  and  intense 
manner,  his  dramatic  power,  his  tremendous  vehemence,  alternating  with 
great  tenderness,  his  evident  sincerity,  his  familiarity  with  the  Scriptures, 
the  directness  of  his  appeals  to  the  heart  and  conscience,  drew  multitudes 
together  to  hear  him.  His  theology,  whiie  thoroughly  evangelical,  was 
broadened  by  the  largeness  of  his  nature  and  the  strength  of  his  sympathies, 
and  he  preached  the  Gospel  in  its  purity  as  well  as  in  its  power.  His 
remarkable  fluency  and  rapidity  of  utterance  made  it  at  times  difficult 
to  follow  him,  but  he  would  frequently  arrest  the  attention  by  a  Hash 
of  epigram  or  a  picturesque  vividness  of  description,  which  produced  an 
extraordinary  effect.  There  was  at  this  period  in  his  ministry  a  spon- 
taneousness,  a  fervor,  a  tumultuous  rush  of  thought  and  speech  which 
was  afterward  diminished,  but  which  made  him  a  preacher  of  most  un- 
usual eloquence  and  power. 


646  THE    MINISTRY 

See  sketch  of  his  life  and  portrait  in  "Pulpit  Treasury,"  Sept.  1883.— 
"Year  Books  of  Collegiate  Church,  N.V.C."  1899,  page  840,  and  1901.  p. 
319- 

Publications:  A  sermon  commemorative  of  Dr.  Thos.  De  Witt.  1874. — - 
"Must  I  Repent  First?"    In  "Words  in  Season,"  1876. 

Many  letters  and  articles  to  the  newspaper  press,  especially  in  1872.  a 
series  of  letters  from  the  Pacific  Coast,  in  the  '"S.S.  Times."— Another 
series  in  1892  in  the  "Scottish  American". — A  series  of  Notes  on  the  S.S. 
Lessons  in  "S.S.  Times.— Edited  Commentary  on  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles, 
in  "Meyer's  Commentary."  1882.— A  number  of  sermons.— A  Commentary 
on  the  Epistle  of  James;  in  "Homiletical  Monthly." 

Orr.  Thos.  X.,  b.  at  Orrstown,  Pa.,  Aug.  10,  1836;  Jeff.  Col.  57,  Allegh. 
Sem.  63;  lie.  Presbyt.  Carlisle,  62;  ord.  Presbyt.  Allegheny  City,  63; 
(Allegheny  Central  Ch.,  63-9;)  Philadelphia,  1st.  69-83,  (Peoria,  2d, 
83-1894),  w.  c. 
Osborn,  Michael,  b.  Essex  Co.,  N.J..  Mar.  21,  1796;  P.S.  1822;  (Metuchen, 
1822-..,  Newbern,  N.C.,  Club  Creek,  Va.,  all  Presbyt.;  Schraalen- 
burgh,  1838-41.  (Briery.  Va.,  1841-..,  Farmville,  Va.,)  d.  1863.  See 
"P.S.  Gen.  Cat." 
Ossewardie,  James,  b.  Zeeland,  Mich..  July  22,  1869;  H.C.  90,  P.S.  04.  I. 

CI ;   Edinburgh,   Scotland  ;   Pella,  2d,   Ia„  95-9.  Grand   Rapids. 

Bethany  Ch.  1809 . 

OSSEWAKDIE,  JOHN,  b.  Zeeland.  Mich..  July    12.   1873:   H.C.  97,  P.S.    1900, 

lie.  CI.  Holland;  New  E.ra,  Mich..  1900 

Ossewardie,  Martin,  b.  Wissenkerke,  Netherlands,  Nov.  10.  1865;  H.C. 
1888,  N.B.S.  1891,  lie.  CI.  N.B. ;  Holland  Ch..  N.Y.C.,  91-93,  East  Will- 
iamson, N.Y.,  93-97,  Abbe  Ch.,  Clymer,   N.Y.,   1897 Dutch   and 

English. 
Ostrander,  Henry,  b.  at  Plattekill,  N.Y.,  Mar.  11.  1781  ;  U.C.  1799.  studied 
under  Froeligh,  1.  CI.  Paramus,  1800;  Coxsackie,  1801-10,  Catskill,   (or 
Leeds,)  10-12,  Caatsban,  12-62;  also  pastor  at  Saugcrties  village,  39-40, 
and  S.S.  at  Hurley,  11-14,  w.  c— Died  Nov.  22.   1872.     D.D.  by  R.C. 
1844. 
He  was  of  Huguenot  descent,  and  reached  the  age  of  ninety-one  and  a 
half  years.     For  seventy-two  years  he  was  a  minister  of  the  gospel,  thus 
becoming  a  connecting  link  between  periods  considerably  separated.     Hav- 
ing been  a  student  of  Dr.  Froeligh,  he  was  very  much  attached  to  him  as  a 
learned  divine  and  an  excellent  instructor,  yet  he  discountenanced  his  act 
cession  in   [822.     He  was  possessed  of  qualities  which  made  him  at 
once  a  good  pastor  and  an  agreeable  companion;  sincere,  social  and  kind,  he 
naturallj   rose  in  the  esteem  of  all  men,  because  of  his  natural  adaptedness 
to  make  for  himself  friends  without  appearing  to  intend  it.     His  ministry 
was  one  of  instruction,  whose  aim   was  to  make  the  doctrines  of  grace 
familiar  to  the  ears  and  comprehension  of  all  to  whom  he  ministered,  and 
his  efforts   were  blessed  to  the  salvation  of  many  souls.     He  officiate. 1  in 
Dutch  or  English,  as  occasion  required.     His  style  of  preaching  atti 
many.     Not  a  few  of  the  papers  in  the  records  of  the  Classis  of  Ulster  are 


THE    MINISTRY.  647 

the  productions  of  his  vigorous  pen.  For  perspicuity  and  vigor  of  style, 
and  for  potency  of  logic,  they  stand  unrivaled.  His  mind  was  vigorous 
and  active,  and  was  fruitful  in  devices  to  adjust  ecclesiastical  strifes.  At 
such  times  he  rose  to  the  dignity  of  a  lofty  manhood  in  firmness  of  purpose 
and  in  determination  not  to  yield  in  matters  of  principle,  while  at  the  same 
time  he  was  kindly  yielding  in  matters  of  expediency.  He  was  a  bold, 
fearless  and  formidable  advocate,  and  few  men,  either  of  the  laity  or  clergy, 
were  able  to  meet  him  on  the  field  of  controversy  or  in  the  arena  of  ex- 
temporaneous debate.  And  although  at  times  imperious,  he  was  also 
equally  magnanimous,  kind  and  conciliatory,  and  ready  for  the  adjustment 
of  difficulties  by  mutual  concessions  and  compromises.  His  intercourse 
with  his  ministerial  brethren  was  marked  with  the  dignity  and  courtesy 
of  a  Christian  gentleman  of  the  olden  school. 

It  was  his  delight  to  dive  into  the  abstract  questions  of  philosophy  and 
theology.  In  these  departments  of  learning  he  became  an  adept.  His 
mind  was  keen,  analytical,  and  discriminating,  as  well  as  fertile  and  com- 
prehensive. His  presentation  of  a  subject  was  felt  by  the  thoughtful  lis- 
tener to  be  convincing  and  complete.  There  was  nothing  of  the  mere 
sensational  about  his  preaching.  On  sudden  occasions  he  was  wonderfully 
happy  and  effective  in  his  discourses.  An  unction  then  pervaded  his  lan- 
guage, springing  directly  from  his  heart.  His  gift  of  prayer  was  remark- 
able.— Gordon's  Life  of  Ostrander. 

Publications  :  Arts,  in  "Sprague's  Annals"  on  Revs.  John  Schunema, 
Sol.  Froeligh,  Moses  Froeligh,  and  Jac.  Sickles.  Fifteen  of  his  sermons 
are  published  in  Gordon's  memoir  of  him,  with  selections  from  his  auto- 
biography, and  extracts  from  his  letters. 

Ostrander,  Stephen,  b.  at  Plattekill,  Dec.  6.  1769;  studied  under  Meyer  and 
Livingston,  (Meyer's  last  student,)  1.  Synod  of  R.D.  Chs.  1792";  Miss, 
along  the  Mohawk,  1792-3,  Miss,  to  western  parts  of  Greene,  Ulster, 
and  Sullivan  Cos.  and  to  Delaware  Co.,  N.Y.,  1793,  (M.G.S.  i.  264,) 
Oak  Hill  and  Catskill,  1793-4,  Pompton  Plains  and  Parsippany,  1794- 
1809,  Schaghticoke  and  Tyashoke,  1810-21,  Argyle,  (S.S.)  every  third 
Sab.  1810-..,  Miss,  in  N.Y.C.,  Hoboken,  Powle's  Hook,  and  Har- 
simus,  22-3,  Oak  Hill  and  Durham,  24-31,  Blooming  Grove,  31-9,  eme- 
ritus, d.  1845,  Nov.  17. 

Descended  from  a  pious  stock,  he  was  one  of  a  large  family  of  children, 
and  was  early  selected  by  his  parents  (and  which  also  accorded  with  his 
own  desire)  for  the  ministry.  His  early  education  was  received  at  the 
Kingston  Academy,  and  in  theology  he  was  the  last  pupil  of  Professor 
Meyer.  Synod  sent  him,  soon  after  his  settlement,  on  a  mission  to  West- 
ern New  York,  (1794.)  The  whole  journey  was  necessarily  performed  on 
horseback,  at  that  early  day  the  country  being  a  wilderness.  There  were 
a  few  detached  settlements  and  solitary  churches  to  be  looked  after.  His- 
ministry  was  attended  with  considerable  success  at  Pompton;  but  difficul- 
ties of  a  local  and  political  origin  crept  in,  disturbing  the  peace  of  the 
church,  and  which  induced  him  to  resign  in  1809,  in  the  expectation  that 
another  church  would  be  erected  at  Pompton.     In  1810,  a  permanent  mis- 


648  THE    MINISTRY 

sion  to  the  Seneca  Indians  was  offered  him  by  the  N.Y.  Missionary  Society, 
but  declined.  His  charges  in  the  North  were  very  laborious,  riding  a  dozen 
miles  to  supply  Tyashoke,  every  second  Sabbath,  and  for  two  years  riding 
twenty-five  miles  every  third  Sabbath,  to  preach  at  Argyle.  While  in  this 
section,  he  was  blessed  with  a  revival.  While  a  missionary  in  N.Y.  City, 
he  was  the  means  of  gathering  and  organizing  a  church  in  Greene  Street. 

At  Oakhill  he  also  labored  for  seven  years,  at  a  great  sacrifice  of  ease 
and  comfort,  but  in  his  advancing  age  became  more  pleasantly  situated,  and 
was  the  means  of  healing,  to  a  great  extent,  the  unhappy  secession  in 
Blooming  Grove.  Here,  at  length,  pulmonary  disease  compelled  him  to 
resign,  and  he  removed  to  a  property  of  his  own,  in  the  vicinity  of  Spots- 
wood,  N.J. 

He  was  distinguished  for  solid  judgment  and  persevering  industry;  un- 
sophisticated himself,  to  an  irreproachable  life  he  united  a  guileless  sim- 
plicity, with  an  honest,  unwavering  decision  of  purpose.  His  practice  was 
seldom  inconsistent  with  his  high  calling.  He  was  conscientious  and 
exact  in  the  performance  of  his  duties,  unweariedly  directing  his  efforts 
with  a  view  to  usefulness.  Well  read  in  theology,  he  was  a  sound,  prac- 
tical divine ;  his  ministry  was  characterized  by  a  plain  exhibition  of  gospel 
truth,  and  an  urgent  enforcement  of  duty.  His  disposition  was  frank  and 
benevolent.  Unobtrusive  and  unassuming  in  his  deportment,  he  pursued 
the  even  tenor  of  his  way,  neither  seeking  nor  valuing  the  distinctions  and 
honors  of  life.— "Mag.  R.D.C.."  iv  172.  See  "Ch.  Int.,"  Nov.  and  Dec, 
1845. 

Ostrom,  Alvin,  b.  at  Rhinebeck,  N.Y.,  Jan.  10,  1831 ;  R.C.  55,  N.B.S.  58,  1. 

CI ;  voyage  to  China,  Oct.,  58, -March,  59,  Amoy,  59-64,  voyage 

to  America,  Jan. -March,  64,  Franklin,  66-9,  (Presbyt.  Tomhannock 
and  Johnsonville,  Rens.  Co.,  N.Y.,  70-71,  State  Centre,  Iowa,  71-3, 
Nevada,  Iowa,  73-4;  supplying  chs.  in  Carpenteria,  San  Luis  Ob; 
Oroville,  all  in  California,  75-82;  Home  Missionary  of  Cong.  Home 
Miss.  Soc,  in  California,  82-86;  pastor,  Cong.  Ch.,  Kohala,  Hawaiian 
Islands,  86-98,  died  Feb.  27.) 

In  the  Sandwich  Islands  he  also  labored  among  the  Chinese,  Japanese, 
and  English-speaking  people.  He  was  a  very  busy  man,  a  warm-hearted, 
enthusiastic,  and  consecrated  Christian.  By  a  kind  of  spiritual  intuition. 
he  could  readily  and  rapidly  reach  the  deeper  meaning  of  passages  of 
Scripture.     See  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  of  R.C,"  1898,  21. 

Publications:  Translation  (in  part)  of  the  Gospel  of  Mark  into  Amoy 
Colloquial. 

Otte,  Johannes  Abraham,  M.D.,  b.  at  Flushing,  Netherlands,  Aug.  11, 
186 1  ;  H.C.  and  Univ.  of  Mich.;  1.  CI.  Mich.,  Aug.  96;  Med.  Mis- 
sionary to  Amoy,  China,  1887 ;  ordained  by  CI.  Mich.  Sept.  1896, 

in  China,  1896 

Otterson,  Jas.,  b.  in  N.Y.C.  1791  ;  C.C.  1806,  studied  with  Mason,  lie.  by  As- 
soc. Ref.  21;  (Broadalbin,  Assoc.  Ref.  21-7,)  Oyster  Bay  and  North 
Hempstead,  27-34,  Freehold,  35-8,   Rockaway,  40-5,    (Presbyt.  Johns- 


THE    MINISTRY.  649 

town,  N.Y.,  45-..,   Wilmington,   Del.,  18..-63,)    d.   1867.     See  Manual 
of  1879. 

Overbagh,  Peter  A.,  b.  1779;  studied  theol.  under  Livingston,  lie.  1803; 
Bethlehem  and  Coeymans,  1805-6,  Woodstock,  1806-9,  Woodstock  and 
Flatbush,  (Ulster,)  1809-17,  Flatbush,  (Ulster,)  17-41,  d.  1842.  After 
1834,  preached  also  at  Plattekill  station.     See  Manual  of  1879. 

Owens,  James  Henry.     R.C    1878,   N.B.S.   1881,  1 ,  Fairfield,  81-4, 

Bushnell,  111..  84-6,  (Presbyt.). 

Paige,  Winslow,  b.  Hartwick,  Mass.,  1768;  Dartmouth  Coll.  and  Brown 
Univ.;  ord.  by  Congregationalists,  1789;  Stephentown,  Rens.  Co.,  N.Y., 
1789-92;  Schaghticoke  and  Stillwater,  (or  Sinthoik,)  1793-1807,  Flor- 
ida, 1808-14,  Florida  and  Windham,  14-20,  Broome,  Blenheim,  (Break- 
abin,)  and  Windham,  20-7,  also  Miss,  at  Beaverdam,  22,  Windham  and 
Broome,  27-29,  Broome,  29-36,  Gilboa,  36-1838,  d.  Mar.  15. 

Palmer,  Charles  Lott,  b.  at  Po'keepsie,  N.Y.,  March  6,  1869;  R.C. ;  N.B.S. 
1894,  1.  CI.  Po'keepsie ;  Ponds,  N.J.,  94-7,  Ephrata  and  Stone  Arabia, 

N.Y.,  97-9,  Shokan  and  Shandaken,  N.Y  ,  1899 

Publications  :     Many  articles  for  the  press. 

Palmer,  Frederic  W.,  b.  Victor.  N.Y.,  Ham.  C.  1881,  Aub.  Sem.  88,  1. 
Presb.   Geneva;   Farmer,   N.Y.,   88-93,    (Central   Presb.   Ch.,   Auburn, 

iS93 ) 

Palmer,  James,  b.  Brooke  Co.,  W.  Va.,  Aug.  11,  1865;  Washington  and 

Jefferson  College,  87,  U.S.,  90,  1.  Presbyt.  Washington;  Manor  Chapel 

of  South  Dutch  Ch.,  N.Y.C.,  1890 

Palmer,  Robert  Vanderbilt,  b.  1862,  R.C.  83,  N.B.S.  86,  1.  CI Griggs- 

town,  N.J.,  86-90,  Shawangunk,  N.Y.,  90-1893,  d.  March  2. 

He  was  a  young  man  of  marked  ability  and  originality.  He  was  a 
thorough  student  especially  in  the  Biblical  languages.  His  ministry  was 
marked  by  the  high  idea  of  duty.  He  did  work  in  its  own  alloted  period 
and  so  had  time  for  every  call  made  upon  him.  Plis  preaching  was  thought- 
ful and  practical.  He  brought  nothing  but  beaten  oil  into  the  sanctuary.  As 
he  entered  on  his  second  charge  he  laid  out  an  extensive  plan  of  study. 
Besides  theology,  he  engaged  vigorously  upon  Greek,  Hebrew,  Arabic,  and 
Persian.  But  his  bodily  strength  was  not  equal  to  his  spiritual  activity, 
and  in  his  anxiety  never  to  miss  any  duty,  he  jeoparded  not  only  his 
health,  but  his  life. — "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1893,  893. — "Biog.  Notices  of 
Grads.  of  R.C,"  1893,  28. 

Palmer,  Sylvanus,  b.  1770;  studied  under  Bassett,  1.  CI.  Albany,  1802;  em- 
ployed by  Northern  Miss.  Soc.  at  Union  and  Chenango,  1802-8,  Union, 
(Tioga  Co.,)  and  Chenango,  1808-18,  Middletown  and  Fonda's  Bush, 
1818-20,  suspended,  1822,  seceded.  (Union,  1822-25.  Union  and  Flats, 
1825-9,  declared  independent;  Tribe's  Hill  and  Mayfield ;  d.  1846.) 
Paramanandam,  G.,   (Hindoo,)  Arcot  Sem.  1890,  1.  CI.  Arcot;  evangelist 

in  India,  1890 

Park,  And.  Jackson,  b.  at  Rye  Gate,  Vt.,  1834;  N.Y.U,  63,  U.S.  66,  lie.  and 
ord.  4th  Presb.  (N.S.)  N.Y.C.  66:  (Brownsville,  Texas,  66-8,  in  North- 
ern Mexico,  68-72;  these  labors  were  independent,  until  Feb.  70,  when 


65O  THE    MINISTRY. 

he  received  help  from  Am.  and  For.  Ch.  Union;)  Jersey  City,  Free  Ref. 
Ch.,  72-8,  Miss,  at  in  Fulton  St.,  N.Y.C.,  78-S:!,  (Weston,  Ct..  82-88, 
Huntington,  Ct.,  88-99,  Leonard's  Bridge.  Ct.,  1901 — all  Congrega- 
tional.) 

Park,  Charles.,  b.  Allegheny,  Pa.,  Dec.  16,  1862;  Ham.  C.  85;  Vllegheny 
T.S.  85-6;  U.T.S.  86-8;  ord.  by  Presbyt.  Lima,  Feb.  4.  00:  |  Presbyt. 
S.S.   Lyndhurst.  N.J.,  88-9;   S.S.   Bluffton,  O.,  89-90;   Astoria.   N.Y., 

90-8.)  Hudson,  N.Y.,  1898 

Publications  :     Hist.  Ser.  Presbyt.  Ch.,  Astoria,  1896. — Annual  Sermon 

before  Y.M.C.A.,  Hudson.  1899. 

Park.  Clearfield,  b.  Phillipsburg,  N.J.,  Oct.  8,  1856;  Laf.  Col.  76,  U.T.S. 
76-8,  P.S.  78-9;  (ord.  by  Presb.  of  West  Jersey,  Nov.  17,  79;  Millville, 
N.J.,  79-94;)  Woodstock,  N.Y.,  1896 

Parker,  Archibald  Frazer,  N.B.S.  1900. 

Parker,  Chs.,  b.  New  Haven.  Ct.,  July  16,  1816;  U.S.  48:  ord.  (Cong.)  Nov. 
5,  48;  (S.S.  Pleasant  Valley,  N.Y..  48-9.  S.S.  Ramapo,  N.Y.,  49-50, 
S.S.  N.Y.C.  50-1,  S.S.  West  Hoboken.  51-3:)  Hoboken,  54-7,  Bergen 
Point,  58-60;  (S.S.  Irving.  Kansas,  61-5.  occasional  supply,  ditto,  65- 
73  : )  Hoboken,  74-9.  Died  May  24,  1888. 
A  natural  orator,  with  unsurpassed  beauty  of  language. 

Parker,  David,  from  England  ;  Philadelphia.  2d,  1817-20,  Rhinebeck  Flats, 
1820-6,  returned  to  Eng.,  d.  1828  (?) 

Parry,  Joseph.     Fort  Miller,  1833-7,  w.  c.  1837-60. 

Parsons,  Andrew,  Sharon,  1882-5,  Knox  and  Berne.  2d.  85-93.  w.  c. 

Paton,  Thomas,  b.   in  Scotland.   18^7;   U.S.   1868,  1.   CI.   N.Y.,  1868;  died 

Ap.  19,  1869. 
Paul,  Joseph,  (Hindoo),  lie.  of  Classic  of  Arcot. 

Paulison.  Christian  '/...  b.  near  Hackensack,  1805;  C.N.J.  1S22,  N.B.S  1826, 

1.  CI.  N.B.  1826;  Marbletown,  1826-29,  Aquackanonck,  1829-31,  seceded, 

(Hackensack  and  Paterson,  1832.  suspended  by  seceders,  Hackensack. 

independent,  1832-40,  Glen,  1840-18-..,  d.  1851.) 

Publications  :     "Development  of  Facts  Justifying  a   Union   with   True 

R.D.C.."      [831.     An    Address   to  the  "Friends  of  True  Godliness  yet  in 

Connection  with  True  R.D.C."     Pp.  61.     1832. 

Pearsc.  Jacob  Lansing,  b.  in  Niskayuna,  N.Y.,  Oct.  5.  1829;  U.C.  1849, 
P.S.    [856,   1.  by  CI.   Schenectady;   Hagaman's   Mills,    N.Y.,   1856-60, 

Bethlehem.  2d,  (Delmar).  N.Y..  1860-98.  d.  Nov.  8th. 
He  was  Stated  Clerk  of  the  Classis  "t'  Albany,  from  1871  till  his  death, 
discharging  its  varied  duties  to  general  satisfaction.  While  ever  faithful 
to  warn,  reprove,  exhort,  and  plead  with  men.  he  yet  won  them  by  the 
fulness  of  his  Christian  love.  He  was  an  admirable  pastor.  He  cheered, 
comforted,  and  strengthened  his  people  as  he  went  about  in  their  homes. 
He  desired  to  pass  away  in  the  full  tide  of  his  work,  and  his  desire  was 
gratified.  On  Sunday,  Nov.  6th,  he  preached,  morning  and  evening,  with 
all    his   accustomed   vigor.      During   the    night  he   entered    into   his   rest. — 


THE    MINISTRY.  651 

".Mints.  Gen.   Syn.,"   1899,  559.     See  Fun.   Ser.  by  nephew,  Rev.   Rich.  A. 

Pearse. 

Pearse,  Nicholas,  b.  in  Albany  Co.,  N.Y.,  1846;  R.C.  70,  N.B.S.  73,  1.  CI. 

Schenectady,   New  Salem  and   Clarksville,   73-7,   New   Lotts,   1877 

Pearse,  Richard  A.     R.C.     1870,  N.B.S.  73,  1.  CI   1873;  Florida, 

i873- 
Pease,  C.  B.  F.    West  Troy,  North,  1893-9. 

Peck,   (or  Pick,)   Diederich  Christian  A.,  Canajoharie  and   Stone  Arabia, 
1788-96,   Stone    Arabia,   1796-98.    German    Flats   and    Herkimer,    1798- 
1800,  suspended ;  d.  1802. 
A  portly  man,  an  amateur  equestrian,  and  who  has  left  behind  him  the 

reputation  of  an  unsurpassed  orator.     Great  congregations  thronged   him 

everywhere. 

Publication:  Farewell  Sermon,  1796,  in  German. 
Peck,  Thos.  Ruggles  Gold,  b.  Whitesboro,  N.Y.,  1831  ;  Y.C.  48,  P.S.  and 
U.S.  51,  1.  Presbyt.  N.Y.  1852;  traveled  in  the  East,  1852-3,  ord.  Evang. 
Presbyt.  N.Y.,  1853;  Ass.  Ed.  "N.Y.  Observer,"  1853-4,  ord.  CI.  N.Y. 
Ap.  18,  54;  Richmond,  S.I.,  54-60,  independent  Huguenot  Ch.,  Char- 
leston, S.C.,  59"64,  Hastings-upon-Hudson,  65-82.     See  "U.  Sem.  Cat." 

Peeke,  Alonzo  Paige,  b.  Nov.  23.  1835,  at  Rotterdam,  N.Y. ;  R.C.  59,  N.B.S. 
62,  1.   CI.   Schenectady;   Shokan  and   Shandaken,  62-5,   Owasco,  65-72, 
Rhinebeck,   72-9,   De   Kalb,    la.,   80-1,    Centreville,    Mich.,   81-91,    East 
Millstone,  91-1900.  d.  Aug.  20. 
He   was   an   earnest,   able  and   devoted   servant   of   God,   holding  before 
himself  and  his  people  a  high  ideal  of  Christian  manhood.    Cheerful  in  dis- 
position, he  was  always  the  kind  and  courteous  gentleman,  the  beloved 
and  sympathetic  pastor,  and  in  his  home,  the  prudent  and  loving  husband 
and  father.    Conservative  in  religious  thinking,  he  held  loyally  to  the  truth. 
He  took  a  deep  and  active  interest  in  the  affairs  of  his  denomination,  and 
was  prominent  in  ecclesiastical  bodies.     While  in  the  West,  he  was  for  a 
long  time   on   the   Governing  Boards   of  the   Educational   Institutions   at 
Holland.   Mich.     His  son,    Rev.    Harmon   V.    S.    Peeke,   is   in   the   South 
Japan  Mission,  and  his  son,  Rev.  Louis  Peeke,  is  a  Presbyt.  pastor  at  Fond 
du  Lac,  Wis.    "Biog  Notices  Grads.  R.C,"  1901,  10. 

Publications:      Semi-Centennial    Hist.    Address    at    Centreville,    Mich., 
1891— Hist.  Ser.  at  40th  Anniv.  at  East  Millstone,  1895. 

Peeke,  Geo.  H.,  (brother  of  Rev.  A.  P.  Peeke,)  R.C.  1857,  N.B.S.  60,  1.  CI. 

Schenectady;    Miss,    at   South    Bend,   Ind.,   60-1,    Glenville,    1st,   61-3, 

Greenpoint,  63-5,  Jersey  City,  1st,  65-9,  Davenport,  69-72,  Owasco,  72-5, 

(Presbyt.). 
Peeke,  Harmon  Van  Slyck,  (son  of  Rev.  A.  P.  Peeke),  b.  Owasco,  N.Y., 

Nov.  6,  1866;  H.C.  87,  N.B.S.  91-2,  Aub.  Sem.  93,  1.  and  ord.  CI.  Mich.; 

Teacher  of  English,  under  Bd.  For.  Miss.  R.C. A.,  87-91;  Missionary  at 

Kagoshima,  Japan,  1893 

Peffers,  Aaron  Burr,  b.  N.Y.C.  1824;  U.N.Y.  50,  U.S.  53;  Schodack,  1869- 

73.     See  "U.  S.  Gen.  Cat." 


652  THE    MINISTRY. 

Peiret,  Pierre,  (French  Refd.J  b.  1O45 ;  came  from  Foix,  Southern  France; 
London,  16.. -87,  N.Y.C.  French  Ch.,  1687-1704,  d.  Nov.  1. 

He  at  once  organized  his  fellow  companions  into  a  church,  called  "The 
French  Church  of  New  York,"  or  "The  Church  of  the  French  Refugees 
at  New  York."  The  following  year  a  church  building  was  erected  in 
Marketfield  street,  whose  site  is  now  covered  by  the  Produce  Exchange. 
A  gallery  was  added  to  the  building  in  1692,  which  would  seat  from  300  to 
400  people.  The  church  was  always  crowded  with  refugees.  On  Sundays 
they  came  from  20  miles  round  about — from  Long  Island,  Staten  Island, 
New  Rochelle,  &c.  The  streets  about  were  filled  with  wagons  as  early  as 
Saturday  evening,  in  which  they  passed  the  night  and  ate  their  frugal 
Sunday  meals. 

Mr.  Daille  continued  to  officiate  to  the  former  French  inhabitants  in  the 
Fort  until  1692,  when  all  united  in  the  new  French  Church.  Peiret  officiated 
in  the  church,  generally,  while  Daille  itinerated  among  the  scattered  French 
settlements.  All  the  French,  within  the  vicinity  of  many  miles,  were  con- 
sidered as  constituting  one  French  Church,  and  the  income  was  divided 
between  the  two  pastors.  The  Dutch  also  left  the  Fort,  for  their  new 
church  in  Garden  street,  in  1693.  The  French  naturally  sympathized  with 
Leisler,  rather  than  with  the  Catholic  Governors  of  James  II.  Yet  neither 
Daille  nor  Peiret  were  blind  to  Leisler's  faults.  They  even  remonstrated 
with  him  against  his  excesses,  but  he  threatened  them  with  imprison- 
ment. Peiret  finally  turned  against  him,  but  Daille  stood  by  him  to  the 
end,  even  circulating  petitions  for  his  pardon.  But  this  brought  Daille 
into  difficulties  with  Governor  Slaughter.  Peiret  became,  in  1696,  sole 
pastor  of  the  French  Ch.  in  New  York.  He  had  been  at  first  supported  in 
his  opposition  to  Leisler  by  prominent  Huguenots,  as  de  Lancey,  Barberie, 
Boudinot,  Le  Boyteulx,  Mesnard,  de  Peyster,  Minvielle,  Bayard,  de  Forest, 
and  others,  but  the  people  generally  were  on  the  side  of  Leisler.  The 
French  also  opposed  Governor  Bellomont ;  1698-1701,  and  hence  he  refused 
to  naturalize  a  number  of  them,  and  cut  off  £20  from  the  allowance  to  the 
French  minister.  The  French  Church  continued  to  grow,  so  that  in  1703. 
they  secured  an  act  to  sell  their  property,  and  build  elsewhere  a  larger 
church  and  also  a  parsonage.  On  July  8,  1704,  Cornbury  laid  the  corner- 
stone of  a  new  French  church,  to  be  called  "Le  Temple  du  Saint  Esprit." 
This  was  located  on  the  northeast  corner  of  Pine  and  Nassau  streets,  and 
continued  there  until  1831,  but  Peiret  died  before  it  was  finished.  He 
was  buried  in  Trinity  Church-yard.  He  was  a  man  of  great  learning,  and 
a  noble  example  of  the  Huguenot  pastor.  He  was  deeply  interested  in 
the  material  and  the  religious  interests  of  his  persecuted  and  exiled  breth- 
ren.    He  was  firmly  attached  to  the  Presbyterian  Polity. 

Publications:  See  "Baird's  Huguenots  in  America,"  ii..  100,  118.  146. — 
"Acts  of  Legislature,"  1703. — "Murphy's  Anthology."  119,  120. — "Doc. 
Hist.,  N.Y.,"  ii.,  247;  hi.,  250,  560.  650.  707.  1167;  iv..  379. — "N.Y.  Hist.  Soc. 
Colls.,"  1868,  407.  "Collections  of  the  Huguenot  Soc,"  *xxi.-xxxv. — "Col. 
Docs.,  N.Y.,"  iii.,  415,  749. — "Baird's  Daille."  95. — "Smith's  New  York."  44. 

Peltz,  Philip,  b.  in  Philadelphia.  Pa.,  Dec.  6.  1823;  U.Pa.  45,  N.B.S.  48.  1. 


THE   MINISTRY.  653 

CI.  Philadelphia;  Coeymans  and  New  Baltimore,  48-51,  Ccxsackie,  51- 
7,  Totowa,  1st.  57-60,  Cor.  Sec.  Bd.  For.  Miss.,  60-5,  New  Paltz,  65- 
1881 ;  emeritus.     Died  June  26,  1883.     D.D.  by  LLC.  1866. 

He  was  one  of  the  most  prominent  ministers  of  the  Reformed  Church, 
with  which  he  was  connected  during  his  entire  life.  His  father,  the  late 
Richard  Peltz,  of  Philadelphia,  was  a  man  of  good  ability  and  sterling 
character,  and  was  well  known  as  a  representative  in  the  Pennsylvania 
Legislature. 

As  a  preacher  he  was  sound,  impressive,  and  very  successful.  He  pos- 
sessed much  force  of  character,  and  left  his  impress  upon  the  Classes, 
Synods,  and  other  Christian  organizations  with  which  he  was  identified. 
He  had  fine  social  qualities.  There  was  a  spirit  of  deep  religious  earnest- 
ness underneath  all  his  social  characteristics. 

In  1877  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  Pan-Anglican  Assembly  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church  at  Edinburgh.  During  his  absence  he  was  attacked  with 
the  disease,  then  bearing  the  appearance  of  rheumatism,  but  probably  a 
form  of  spinal  paralysis,  which,  gradually  increasing  in  severity,  resulted 
in  his  death. 

Pepper,  John  P.,  b.  1809;  Fort  Plain,  1S37-40,  Warren.  N.Y.,  1840-5,  w.  c. 
Died  May  15,  1883. 

Perlee,  Clarence  M.,  b ;  R.C.  1880,  N.B.S.  83,  1.  CI.  N.Y. ;  Clarks- 

ville  and  Onisquethaw,  84-6,  S.S.  Central  Bridge,  87,  Boonton,  88-91, 
Leeds,  91-9,  St.  Thomas,  W.I.,  1902 

Perry,  William  D.,  b.  Perryville,  Md.,  Nov.  1,  1846;  Am.C.  70.  U.T.S.  70-2, 
73-4;  ord.  N.  CI.  L.I.,  Jan.  25.  1875:  Good-will  Miss.,  3d  av.  and  52d 
St.,  N.Y.C.,  74;  St.  Johns,  Laurel  Hill,  and  1st  Ch.,  L.I.  City,  74-5, 
Prin.  Academy,  Hudson,  N.Y.,  75-82,  Greenport,  (Columbia  Co.). 
N.Y.,  82-6,  Brooklyn,  North,  86-90,  City  Missionary,  91-3,  Bushwick. 
94-5.  S.S.  Bedford  (Brooklyn),  95-6,  S.S.  Belmont,  97-8;  1902,  Episco- 
palian. 

Pershing,  Orlando  Boyd,  b.  Ashland,  O..  1871  ;  LLC.  1897,  Aub.  Sem.  1900, 
lie.  by  Cayuga  Presb.  Ap.  11,  1899;  (Presbyt,  Cato,  N.Y.,  1900-01,) 
West  Troy,  1901 

Peter,  John,  (Hindoo,)  Arcot  Sem.  1890,  1.  CI.  Arcot;  evangelist  in  India, 
1890 

Peter,  Mesach,  Arcot  Sem.  1890,  1.  CI.  Arcot ;  evangelist  in  India.  1890 — — 

Peters  Joseph  D.,   (brother  of  Madison  C.  Peters),  West  Farms,  1896-8. 

Canajoharie,  1898 

Peters,  Madison  C,  Bloomingdale,  N.Y.C.,  1890-1900;  became  a  Baptist. 

Petrie,  Jeremiah,  b.  Herkimer,  N.Y.,  1825;  U.C.  46,  Aub.  Sem.  49,  1.  Pres- 
byt. Geneva;  Herkimer  and  Ilion,  1864-8.  For  other  settlements,  see 
"Aub.  Sem.  Gen.  Cat." 

Pfanstiehl.  Alb.  A.  H.C. ;  H.S.  1877.  Raritan,  111.,  79-S3,  (Troy,  Mo., 
1883 ) 

Pfister,  J.  P.    W.  c.  1854-6,  Ellenville,  2d,  1856-62. 

Phelps,  Philip,  b.  at  Albany,  N.Y.,  July  12.  1826,  U.C.  44.  N.B.S.  49;  1.  CI. 


654  THE    MINISTRY. 

Albany;    Greenburgh   and   Hastings-on-the-Hudson,    50-51,    Hastings- 
on-the-Hudson,  51-9,   Prin.  of  Holland  Academy,  59-66,   President  of 
Hope  College,  01.  7S,  Blenheim  and  Breakabeen,  N.Y.,  7S-95,  died  Sept. 
4.  1896.     D.D.   by   U.N.Y     [864.     I. L.I),  by   !!.('     [894.     Pres.  of  Gen. 
Synod,  1864. 
He  spent  two  years  in  teaching  before  entering  the  Theological  Seminary. 
For  a  time  while  at  Holland,  he  served  as  missionary  pastor  to  the  Eng- 
lish  speaking  people.     He  was  a  true  leader,  of  strong  intellect  and  faith, 
fertile  in   resources,  clear  and   forcible  as  a  speaker  and  writer,  an  accom- 
plished scholar  and  a  sound  theologian,  with  a  genial  personality  that  won 
and  held  many  friends.     The  Classis  of   Holland  has  put  on  record  its  tes- 
timony  of  acknowledgment    and   appreciation   of   important    services    ren- 
dered by  him,  and  of  wise  and  valuable  counsels  and  guidance;  of  his  great 
service  to  our  Western  institutions,  and  personal  qualities  of  high  Christian 
principle,  honor,   wisdom,  and   forbearance,   inspiring  confidence,  affection 
and  esteem.     The  Classes  of  Grand   River  and  Iowa  bear  Like  testimony, 
appreciating  his  consecrated,  godly  life,  his  services  as  a  faithful  preacher 
of  the   Gospel,   as   the    founder   and   able   administrator   of  Hope   College, 
and   a   worthy   professor  therein.      Mis  connection   with   Hope   College     ie- 
mands  more  than  a  passing  notice.     With  honors  gained  at  academy  and 
College,  he  came  to  its  Presidency,  a  marked  man. 

It  seemed  a  forlorn  hope  to  plant  an  English  academy  in  the  heart  of  a 
foreign  colony,  lacking  the  very  rudiments  of  Americanization.  Ore  after 
another,  men  had  been  driven  from  the  field  by  overwork,  worry  and  sick- 
ness. From  promise  of  a  brilliant  career  in  the  Fast,  he  was  called  to 
take  up  this  work.  Conditions  were  chaotic,  and  his  decision  to  meet  them 
heroic.  Serviceable  buildings  arose,  sufficient  for  the  time,  aril  the  in- 
stitution slowly  but  surely  crept  into  a  more  commanding  position.  After 
a  season  he  wasleft  entirely  alone  for  two  years,  supporting  analmost  crush- 
ing burden.  He  taught  the  various  classes,  organized  and  supplied  the  first 
American  Church  in  the  town,  sent  the  first  class  from  the  West  to  the 
New  Brunswick  Theological  Seminary,  laid  the  foundation  >f  a  publica- 
tion department  for  the  institution  by  securing  a  printing  establishment 
and  issuing  copies  "f  "The  Searcher,"  developed  the  interest  of  the  West- 
ern churches  in  the  great  work  of  foreign  missions,  and  attended  to  the 
necessarj  correspondence  with  the  State  for  obtaining  the  special  act  for 
the  incorporation  of  Reformed  Dutch  Churches  in  Michigan.  This  ac- 
complished, the  way  was  open  for  steady  growth.  Under  bis  fostering  care 
the  institutions  passed  beyond  the  tentative  period,  and  became  important 
factors  in  the  problem  of  Western  Church  extension.  After  twelve  years 
of  struggle  and  weariness,  only  a  beginning  had  been  made,  but  that  be- 
ginning was  well  made.  There  were  110  regular  professors,  and  but  little 
endowment  and  apparatus,  but  much  faith,  hope,  and  indomitable  courage. 
In  1863  General  Synod  bad  officially  assumed  charge  of  the  work,  and 
in  [866  the  first  Commencement  occurred  A  Theological  Department 
was  established,  I  >r  Phelps  serving  as  one  of  the  Lectors  for  several  years  ; 
and  in  [869  tin-  pioneer  class  went  forth  of  young  men  of  the  West  trained 
for  the  ministry.     Under  incessant   entreaty,  the   teaching  force  bad  been 


THE    MINISTRY.  655 

increased,  and  the  endowment  largely  augmented.  But  sometimes  burdens 
come  which  crush  the  strongest.  In  1877  came  the  greatest  crisis  in  the 
history  of  Hope  College.  Heroic  measures,  so-called,  were  adopted.  The 
Theological  Department  was  swept  away,  but  to  be  restored  again  at  a 
subsequent  time.  Men  severed  their  connection  with  the  Institution,  and 
among  them  its  first  President.  The  College  knew  him  no  more  until  years 
later,  at  her  quarter  centennial  celebration,  he  was  present,  to  be  thrilled 
with  the  love  and  devotion  of  the  students.  He  had  been  called  an  idealist, 
but  was  proven  a  prophet,  well  attested  by  the  institution  as  it  exists  to- 
day. It  may  be  added  that  clearness  and  accuracy  were  marked  charac- 
teristics of  the  man. 

One  of  the  graduates  of  the  College  has  well  written:  "There  are  three 
great  moulding  factors  at  Hope  College,  which  can  be  distinctly  traced  to 
the  first  President : — A  religious  life  as  the  basis  of  an  intellectual  life ;  a 
high  sense  of  personal  honor,  and  the  Gospel  ministry  as  the  highest- 
vocation  for  service.  If  the  successful  founding  of  an  institution  con- 
sists in  the  laying  of  foundation  principles,  rather  than  the  securing  of  large 
endowments  and  the  erecting  of  huge  buildings  of  stone  and  mortar,  we 
know  of  no  institution  whose  foundations  have  been  so  grandly  and  deeply 
laid,  as  the  one  over  which  Dr.  Phelps  had  the  privilege  of  presiding  as  its 
first  President." 

At  the  meetings  of  General  Synod.  Dr  Phelps  frequently  served  as 
Chairman  of  all  the  more  important  committees,  and  was  always  recognized 
as  one  of  the  wisest  and  most  trusted  counselors. 

At  the  meeting  of  General  Synod  in  1896,  he  was  Chairman  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Professorate  and  Theological  Seminaries.  The  report  was  so 
admirable  in  presentation,  so  judicious  in  recommendation  that  the  unusual 
course  was  pursued  of  adopting  it  at  once  as  a  whole.  The  writer  once 
served  with  him  on  the  Committee  on  Judicial  Business,  and  was  profoundly 
impressed  by  his  learning,  clear-sightedness  and  good  judgment,  yet  at- 
tended with  the  utmost  deference  and  courtesy  to  the  other  members. 

Publications:  Editorials,  etc.,  for  "Youths'  Temperance  Enterprise." 
1844-6. — Many  Contributions  to  the  Church  Papers  relating  to  the  West- 
ern Educational  Institutions,  etc.  Field  Catalogues  and  Endowment  Cir- 
culars of  Hope  College. — Charges  at  Installations  of  Pastors. — Commence- 
ment Odes. — Inaug.  Address  as  Pres.  Hope  Coll.  1866. — Baccalaureate 
Sermons  at  Hope  Coll.  1866-78. — Editor  of  "The  Searcher,"  1863. — Dor- 
dracene  Ref.  Ch.  in  America.  1867. — A  Complete  Review  of  the  Finances 
of  Hope  College.  1879. — A  Series  of  Articles  on  "Scripture  Inerrancy," 
in  the  "Ch.  Int."  1893. — A  Vol.  on  "Scripture  Chronology,  Weights.  Meas- 
ures, etc."     (In  preparation  at  the  time  of  his  death.) 

Phelps,  Philip  T.   (s.  of  P.  Phelps),  b.  Holland,  Mich.;  H.C.   1882,  N.B.S. 

89,  1.  CI.  Scholwie  ;  Sharon.  N.Y.,  89-94,  Ghent,  1st,  95-1901,  w.  c. 
Phillips,  Wm.  W.     U.C.  1813.  N.B.S.   17,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;    (N.Y.C.,  Pearl  St., 

afterward  Fifth  av.  and  Eleventh  st.,  1817-65,  d.) 
Phraner.   William   Henry,  b.  Jamaica.   L.   I.,   March  26,   1841  ;   N.Y.U.   60, 

N.B.S.  63,  1.  N.  CI.  L.I. ;  Cold  Spring,  63-6.  East  Millstone,  66-1870, 


656  ill!     MINISTRY. 

Schenectady,  2d,  70-5,  w.  c.;  supplying  Sea  Side  Chapel,  Long  Branch, 

N.J.,  81-3;  Irving  Park,  II!.,  83-8;  w.  c. 
Publications:    Article  on  Rutgers  College,  in  "Manual  R.C.A."    1869. — 
"Expenses   and    Income    of    Gen.    Synod."      1857-68. — A    Sermon    on    the 
"Golden  Rule."     1885. 

Pierce,  Nehemiah  Pruden,  b.  Enfield,  Ct.,  1S17;  A.C.  42,  U.S.  45;   (VVhip- 

pany,  N.J.,  1846-51;)  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  51-75,  w.  c.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1871. 

Died  Ap.  30,  1880. 
Publications:     "Mental  Freedom,  Our  Nation's  Glory."     1853. 
Pietenpol,  Henry  J.,  b.  Gibbsville,  Wis.,  Dec.  24,  1859;  H.C.  90,  W.S..  93, 

1.   CI.  Holland;    Holland,  Mich.;    Ebenezer    Ch.  93-5,  Lcota,    Minn., 

Bethel  Ch.,  1895 

Pieters,  Albertus,    (son  of  Roeloff  Pieters,)   b.  Alto,  Wis.,  Feb.  5,  1869; 

H.C.  87,  W.S.  91,  1.  CI.  Holland;  Missionary  in  Japan,  1891 

Pieters,  Roelof,  b.  Havelle,  Prov.  of  Drenthe,  Netherlands,  Mar.  2,  1S25  ; 

Holland  Academy,  55-8,  N.B.S.  61,  1.  CI.  Holland,  61;  ord.  by  same, 

Sept.  4,  61  ;  Graafschap  and  Drenthe,  61-5,  Alto,  Wis.,  65-9,  Holland, 

1st,  Mich.,  69-1880,  died  Feb. 
He  received  the  usual  common  school  education  in  the  Netherlands,  and 
learned  the  carpenter's  trade.  In  1849  he  emigrated  to  America,  and  soon 
became  distinguished  among  the  Hollanders  here  for  his  piety  and  knowl- 
edge of  the  Scriptures,  so  that  he  became  a  leader  at  their  gathering- 
year  or  two  later,  when  he  removed  to  Chicago,  the  same  thing  was  true 
to  such  an  extent  as  to  attract  the  attention  of  Dr.  Van  Raalte,  who  per- 
suaded him  to  study  for  the  ministry.  Before  he  had  finished  his  theo- 
logical course,  (i860),  he  was  urged  to  settle,  because  of  the  great  need 
of  ministers.  Both  the  Classis  and  the  Synod  endorsed  the  request,  and 
he  was  already  35  years  old ;  but  he  considered  the  opportunities  for  a 
thorough  theological  education  too  precious  to  be  thus  shortened. 

Besides  his  earlier  charges,  he  succeeded  to  Dr.  Van  Raalte  in  the  first 
church  of  Holland,  Mich.  In  this  important  strategic  centre  of  the  West- 
ern development  of  the  Reformed  Church,  he  rendered  his  most  valuable 
services,  not  only  to  the  local  interests,  but  as  President  of  the  Council  of 
Hope  College,  and  as  one  of  the  Editors  of  "De  Hope,"  to  the  entire 
Western  Branch  of  the  Church. 

Publications:  Editorials  in  "De  Hope." — A  volume  of  Sermons,  in 
Dutch,  much  used  in  vacant  churches. 

Pitcher,  Charles  Wadsworth,  b.  Watervliet,  X.Y..  Mar.  2,  1849;  R.C.  73, 
N.B.S.  75,  lie.  by  Cong.  Assoc.  7$;  ord.  by  Cong.  Council  at  Randolph, 
X.Y.,  Jan.  26,  76:  (Cong.  Ch..  Randolph,  N.Y.,  76-S2,)   Stanton,  N.J., 

82-7,   (Presbyt,  Ringoes,  N.J.,  87-9,)   Middleburgh,  N.Y.,  91 

He  left  the  Seminary  near  the  end  of  second  year,  because  he  could  not 

honestly  accept  Calvinism.     A  few  years  later,  upon  study  and  reflection. 

he  accepted  the  system,  and  he  entered  the  Refd.  Church,  1882. 

Pitcher,  John  H.  U.C.  1827,  N.B.S.  30,  1.  CI.  Poughkeepsie ;  Herkimer 
and  German   Flats,  31-3,  Tyashoke  and  Easton,  33-8,  Tyashoke,  38-43, 


THE    MINISTRY.  657 

Jackson,  44-52,  Claverack,  2d,  52-61,  Greenville,  61-73,  Westerlo,  73-6, 
d.  Jan.  11,  1879. 
Pitcher,  Philip  Wilson,  b.  Upper  Red  Hook,  N.Y.,  Jan.  31,  1856;  R.C.  82, 
N.B.S.  85,  1.  Q.  N.B.;  Miss,  at  Amoy,  China,  1885 

Publications:  In  Amoy  Romanized  Colloquial;  Geographies:  Intro- 
ductory, 1887;  of  Europe,  1888;  of  North  America.  1890;  of  South  Amer- 
ica, 1891.  Epitome  of  Chinese  Hist.,  First  Six  Dynasties,  1892.— In  Eng- 
lish: "Fifty  Years  in  Amoy,"  or  "A  Hist,  of  the  Amoy  Mission,  1893.— "A 
Sketch  of  Ku-liang  Mountain,  Foochow,  China,"  1895.— /m  Amoy  Rom. 
Col.:  "Hist,  of  Ancient  Egypt,"  1898.— "An  Algebra."  1899.— "Epitome  of 
Chinese  Hist.,"  completed,  1900.—/?!  the  Chinese  Character:  "Epitome  of 
Chinese  Hist.,"  completed.     In  MSS. 

Pitcher,  Wm„  b.  Red  Hook,  N.  Y.,  Mar.  8,  1810;  Wms.  Coll.  28;  P.S.  35, 
lie.  by  Consociation  of  Litchfield,  36,  ord.  by  CI.  Washington,  Jan.  37 ; 
Jackson,  37-9,  Boght,  40-54,  Branchville,  54-79.     Died  Ap.  5,  1883. 
He  was  a  man  of  rare   excellencies.     Quiet,   modest,    unassuming,  yet 
behind  this  humble  garb  there  was  a  noble,  generous,  warm-hearted  Chris- 
tian manhood.     He  was  a  man  of  strong  mind  and  resolute  purpose.     As 
a  preacher  he  had  few  equals.     See  "Mem.  Ser.  by  Rev.  Wm.  E.  Davis  " 
1883. 

Publications  :  "Grace" :  A  Series  of  Discourses,  1844-5. 

Pitts,  Robt,  b.  near  Montgomery,  Orange  Co.,  N.Y.,  1813;  R.C.  37,  N.B.S. 

40,  lie.  CI.  Orange;  S.S.  Walpack,  40-60,  w.  c. ;  d.  1878,  Nov.  16.     See 

Manual  of  1879. 
Plumley,  Gardiner  Spring,  b.  Washington,  D.C.,  Aug.  nth,  1827;  Y.C.  50; 

U.T.S.  55;   (ord.  by  First  Presb.  of  N.Y.,  Nov.  11,  55;  Bloomingdale! 

N.Y.C.,  55-7,  Metuchen,  N.J.,  58-75,)   Miss,  at  North  Dutch,  N.Y.C., 

76-8;    (Calvary  Chapel,  Five  Points,  N.Y.C.,   78-83),   Greenfield   Hill 

(Cong.)  Ct.,  83-94,  d.  Feb.  21.  D.D.  by  Y.C.  1890. 
He  was  for  a  while  editor  of  "The  Presbyterian  Church  Throughout 
the  World."  In  1869,  having  noticed  the  remark  in  the  second  edition 
of  "Manual  of  Ref.  Ch.  in  America,"  in  a  note  at  bottom  of  page  2,  that 
Dr.  Livingston  had  expressed  the  desire  in  1783  to  Dr.  Westerlo,  that 
some  genius  equal  to  the  task,  would  arise  to  draw  up  a  plan  for  uniting 
all  the  Reformed  Churches  in  America  into  one  National  Church ;  and  that, 
notwithstanding  the  seeming  difficulties  in  the  way,  he  believed  it  to  be 
practicable,  and  yet  hoped  to  see  it  accomplished;  and  that  the  author  of 
the  Manual  had  added,  "Let  them  begin  the  good  work  by  endorsing  each 
other's  symbols" ;  he  obtained  copies  of  the  resolutions  in  which  the  Gen- 
eral Synod  of  R.C.A.  had  endorsed  the  Westminster  Catechism,  in  1837, 
and  presented  them  to  the  General  Assembly  then  meeting  at  Pittsburgh ; 
and  secured  from  that  body  their  official  approbation  of  the  Heidelberg 
Catechism.  It  was  at  this  same  session  that  the  Old  and  New  School 
Presbyterian  Churches  came  together,  and  union  of  all  kindred  bodies 
was  the  general  cry. 

Mr.   Plumley  was  a  man  of  imposing  presence,  agreeable  manners   fine 


658  THE    MINISTRY. 

culture  and  much  activity  in  various   forms  of  work.     Much  of  his  work 
was  wholly  undenominational. — See  also  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1894,  220. 

I'd.  kman,  Philetus  Theodore,  b.  at  East  Greenbush,  N.Y.,  Feb.  26.  1853; 
R.C.  75,  N.B.S.  78,  lie.  CI.  Rensselaer;  Fairfield.  N.J.,  78-80,  Green- 
ville, Jersey  City,  81-6,  New  Brunswick,  N.J.,   1887 

Publications:     Hist.  Ch.  East  Greenbush,  N.Y..  1891. 

Pohle,  K.  A.  J.     (Ger.  Evang.  Lutheran  Church  of  St.  Peter's.  Brooklyn,) 

18.. -53,  R.C.A.  Brooklyn.    E.D.,   1853-68. 
Pohlman.  Wm.  J.,  b.  in  Albany,   1812;  R.C.  34.  N.B.S.  37,  1.  CI.  Albany; 
ord.   Ap.   8,   38 :    voyage   to   Singapore.    May-Sept.,   38,    Borneo,   38-44, 
\nioy.  June  44-1849,  d.  Jan.  5. 

Up  to  the  age  of  twelve  he  lived  under  the  paternal  roof,  and  was  trained 
up  under  pious  influences.  Engaging  in  business,  his  religious  impressions 
began  to  waver,  not  without  occasional  pungent  convictions.  At  the  death- 
bed of  a  beloved  sister,  dying  in  the  triumphs  of  the  faith,  and  appealing 
earnestly  unto  him,  an  impression  was  made  which  was  never  obliterated. 
He  became  a  devoted  Christian  at  sixteen  years  of  age.  "Suddenly,"  he 
says,  "the  most  rapturous  feelings  of  joy  took  possession  of  my  mind.  For 
a  few  moments  1  was  in  ecstasy.  I  could  now  say  with  an  appropriating 
faith.  \hba.  Father.  Oh,  the  splendor  of  that  morning,  the  unutterable 
joys  of  that  precious  moment!  But  it  would  require  the  tongue  of  an 
angel,  the  eloquence  of  a  seraph,  to  describe  all  my  feelings.  Praise  him, 
praise  him  for  the  wonders  of  his  redeeming  mercy!" 

In  his  Junior  year  in  the  Seminary,  he  resolved  to  go  far  hence  to  the 
Gentiles.  He  writes  to  the  American  Board  :  "Time  lias  only  served  to 
strengthen  the  decision  which  was  calmly  and  dispassionately  made.  After 
repeated  reviews  of  the  same.  1  am  continued  and  settled.  1  can  not  now 
doubt  for  a  moment:  mine  was  not  a  rash  or  hasty  conclusion.  If  there  are 
no  contrary  indications.  I  must  go,  T  can  not  stay.  Here  then  am  I,  take 
me.  Receive  me  under  your  care  as  a  candidate  for  the  missionary  ser- 
vice; 1  wish  to  enlist  for  life.  If  in  your  view  I  can  be  of  any  service,  I 
lay  my  all  at  your  feet.  Silver  and  gold  have  I  none,  but  such  as  I  have, 
give  1  thee.  Send  me  abroad  to  publish  glad  tidings  to  the  idol-serving 
nations.  Send  me  to  the  most  desert  part  of  all  the  howling  wildernesses 
of  heathenism,  to  the  most  barbarous  climes,  or  to  more  civilized  regions. 
Send  me  to  the  millions  of  Pagans,  to  the  followers  .if  the  false  prophet,  to 
the  Jews  or  the  Gentiles,  to  Catholics  or  Protestants.  Send  me,  in  fine, 
wherever  God  opens  an  effectual  door.  Send  me.  for  necessity  is  laid 
upon  me:  yea,  woe  is  unto  me.  if  1  preach  not  the  gospel  to  the  perishing 
heathen." 

He  was  ordained   in   April.    [838,  in  the  North  Reformed  Church  of  Al- 
bany, with  which  he  had  united  ten  years  before.     On  the  20th  of  May  he 
solemnly  set  apart  for  the  missionary  service.     He  went  forth  strong 
in  the  consciousness  of  duty,  and  was   followed  by  the  prayers  of  multi- 
tudes,    lb-  married  a  sister  of  Dr.  Scudder. 

A  friend  thus  writes  concerning  him  and  bis  colleague,  Rev.  Frederic 
B.  Thomson,  who  sailed  with  him:     "Both  began  their  professional  studies 


THE   MINISTRY.  659 

later  than  the  average  time,  under  change  of  life-aims.  In  conscientious 
diligence  and  prayerful  committal  of  their  way  and  work  to  God,  they 
were  worthy  yoke-fellows  in  the  culture  of  the  field  He  had  bidden  them 
to  enter.  In  temperament  and  social  bearings  they  differed  widely.  Thom- 
son, knowing  little  of  the  cheerfulness  and  snap  of  early  manhood,  while 
the  spirits  of  Pohlman  were  exuberant.  The  one  might  have  been  grieved 
and  paralyzed  by  persistent  and  shrewd  assault  from  captious  heathen  or 
errorists,  while  the  moral  cuticle  of  the  other  was  impervious  to  ridicule. 
"Had  both  studied  Chinese  and  addressed  the  same  assemblage,  the  abler 
man  might  have  been  disconcerted  by  a  malicious  witticism  or  a  clever 
parody  that  burlesqued  his  reasoning  or  appeal — whereas  the  other  would 
tide  over  the  adverse  laugh,  as  though  it  were  with,  not  at  him,  and  go 
forward  unabashed.  And  here  let  it  be  said,  a  kind  Providence  threw 
Thomson  among  those  who  listened  respectfully  or  stated  their  infidel 
cavil  in  a  covert  artfulness  that  he  was  thoroughly  competent  to  conquer. 
"Neither  was  eminently  gifted  for  the  utterance  of  a  foreign  language  in 
every  nicety,  nor  for  ready  mastery  of  its  idiom  ;  but  time  and  patience 
were  their  servants  in  the  name  of  Him  who  had  covenanted  to  be  with 
them  always,  and  for  usefulness  they  panted  as  the  hart  for  the  water- 
brook. 

"If  four  or  five  gambling-tables  were  occupied  by  noisy  Chinese  and  a 
vacant  one  stood  near,  Pohlman  could  mount  it  and  fulminate  against  their 
flagrant  wrong-doing;  such  an  endeavor  was  not  in  Thomson's  way. 

"The  one  communicated  largely  with  friends  at  home  by  letter  and  jour- 
nal ;  the  other  received  but  few  letters,  because  he  sent  yet  fewer. 

"The  laugh  of  the  one  was  an  hourly  practice,  and  reached  the  lungs ; 
when  some  imperious  absurdity  moved  the  other's  risibles,  the  orgasm  was 
frightful,   and   resulted  in  a  larynx-mirth. 

"A  decade  of  years  covered  the  missionary  life  of  both,  during  which 
much  of  toil,  in  preaching,  teaching,  translating,  and  travel,  was  gone 
through.  Pohlman  met  an  ocean  burial,  on  the  coast  of  the  empire  he  had 
so  yearned  to  reach.  Thomson,  essaying  to  place  with  her  grandparents 
the  infant  child  of  his  second  marriage,  fell  en  sleep  in  Switzerland,  and 
his  grave  is  in  the  shadow  of  the  Alps." — W.  H.  S. 

On  April  2,  1838,  at  a  Monthly  Concert  in  the  Franklin  Street  Church, 
N.Y.C.,  he  was  married  to  Theodosia  R.  Scudder.  sister  of  Rev.  Dr.  John 
Scudder,  by  Rev.   Christopher  Hunt. — See  "Ch.  Int.,"  Ap.  7,   1838. 

He  had  taken  his  sister,  for  the  benefit  of  her  health,  to  Hong  Kong,  in 
Dec,  1848.  The  vessel  in  which  he  was  returning  to  Amoy  was  ship- 
wrecked and  he  was  among  the  lost,  the  first  instance  of  death  by  ship- 
wreck of  any  of  the  missionaries  of  the  American  Board.  His  piety  was  a 
deep,  controlling  principle.  His  prominent  feature  was  perseverance.  He 
was  frank,  open-hearted,  wise  in  council,  amiable  in  disposition,  and  cordial 
and  firm  in  his  friendships. — See  "Rogers'  Hist.,"  1857.  Fun  Ser.  by  Dr. 
D.  Kennedy.  "Sprague's  Annals."     "McClintock's  Cyc." 

Publications:     Several  articles  in  "The  Chinese  Repository." 
Polhemus,  Abraham,  b.  at  Astoria.  1812  ;  R.C.  31-  N.B.S.  35.  1.  CI.   N.Y. ; 


660  THE    MINISTRY. 

Hopewell,  35-57,  Newark,  North,  May-Oct.  1857,  d.     Elected  a  trustee 
R.C.  1851.     D.D.  by  U.N.Y.  1856. 

He  was  a  lineal  descendant  of  Rev.  J.  T.  Polhemus,  who  settled  on  Long 
Island  in  1654.  In  college  he  was  noted  for  his  joyous  temperament  and 
his  companionable  qualities,  and  was  a  decided  favorite.  His  ministry  was 
spent  in  a  single  field,  with  the  exception  of  a  brief  period  in  Newark. 
Mutual  affection,  to  an  unusual  degree,  existed  between  him  and  his  flock. 
Several  attempts  to  call  him  to  other  fields  were  in  vain.  At  length  he 
yielded  to  the  pressing  call  of  the  new  North  Church  of  Newark.  He  was 
regarded  as  specially  qualified  to  build  up  this  church,  but  he  had  hardly 
entered  on  his  duties  when  God  called  him  to  his  reward.  Seeking  a  little 
relaxation  from  his  labors,  he  was  taken  ill  at  Newburgh,  and  after  several 
weeks,  there  died.  His  spiritual  exercises  on  his  bed  of  sickness  were 
delightful,  and  even  peculiar.  A  few  hours  before  he  died,  when  the  hand 
of  death  was  evidently  upon  him,  he  exclaimed,  "I  see  Jesus.  Now  that  I 
have  seen  him,  I  never  can  come  back  again.  I  see  Jesus.  Did  I  not  tell 
you  that  I  should  see  Jesus?  My  sou'  is  ravished  with  the  sight."  After  a 
while  he  added,  "I  have  perfect  assurance ;  not  a  doubt  nor  a  fear."  His 
last  sermon  was  on  the  death  of  Stephen,  and  the  subject  had  made  a  deep 
impression  on  his  own  heart.  From  the  beginning  of  his  sickness  he  felt 
that  he  would  never  recover,  though  with  occasional  encouragements  to 
the  contrary,  and  he  prayed  that  he  might,  like  Stephen,  see  Jesus. 

He  was  a  man  whose  unpretending  dignity  and  genial  manners  could  not 
fail  to  make  a  favorable  impression  on  all  who  were  brought  in  contact 
with  him.  The  casual  acquaintance  would  have  discovered  no  reason  to 
modify  his  first  estimate  of  his  character,  however  intimate  with  him  he 
might  subsequently  have  become.  The  traits  that  first  struck  the  stranger, 
winning  his  regard,  were  true  characteristics  of  the  man.  Hence  the 
strong  personal  attachment  which  he  won  for  himself,  not  only  from  his 
own  people,  but  from  the  whole  community.  It  would  be  almost  impos- 
sible to  overestimate  the  extent  of  the  attachment  felt  for  him  His  death 
was  like  a  household  affliction  to  all  who  intimately  knew  him.  Each  fam- 
ily of  his  first  charge  had  some  precious  reminiscence  of  "the  Domine." 
His  urbanity  of  manners  exerted  a  most  remarkable  power,  winning  (he 
affection  and  esteem  of  all  classes  of  persons.  Those  in  humble  life  spoke 
with  pride  of  his  affability  to  them,  and  his  interest  in  their  affairs 

While  neither  bashful  nor  timid,  he  was  a  man  of  unaffected  mod<  sty 
He  esteemed  others  better  than  himself;  yet  when  called  to  the  performance 
of  a  public  duty,  he  did  not  hesitate  to  go  forward,  when  his  ability  ap- 
peared. His  sound  judgment,  his  energetic  zeal,  combined  as  they  were 
with  perfect  frankness  and  cordial  manners,  eminently  fitted  him  to  take  a 
large  share  in  the  business  of  the  church. 

His  sermons  were  marked  by  solid  sense  and  sound  divinity;  they  were 
clear  and  concise  in  style,  and  scriptural  in  substance  and  in  form,  show- 
ing him  to  be  a  well-furnished  workman.  TTis  acceptance  of  the  call  to 
Newark  gave  an  unanticipated  zest  to  that  enterprise.  Everything  flour- 
ished. There  was  no  lack  of  means  to  build  a  magnificent  church.  The 
hall    in   which    they   worshiped   was    crowded.      All    loved    him.      He   had 


' 


H      I 


C^u^j 


THE    MINISTRY'. 


661 


found  his  way  to  the  garret  and  to  the  cellar,  and  had  spoken  many  an 
earnest  word  of  Christ  whose  fruits  appeared  after  his  death.  His  people 
doted  on  him.  But  three  short  months  terminated  his  labors  among  them. 
They  heard  of  his  sickness.  They  felt  their  weakness.  But  their  prayers  were 
not  answered,  at  least  in  the  way  they  desired. — "Memorial"  contains  Dr. 
D.  Riddle's  ser.  at  his  install,  at  Newark,  and  fun.  ser.  by  Dr.  John 
Forsyth. 

Publications  :  Address  before  Alumni  R.C.  1852. — Twelve  Sermons 
in  "Memorial." 

[Polhemus,  Isaac  Heyer  (son  of  Ab.  Polhemus),  b.  Hopewell,  N.Y.,  Mar. 
3,  1853;  Wms.  C.  75;  U.T.S.  79;  ord.  June  23,  79,  by  CI.  Newark; 
Missionary  at  Zacatecas,  Mexico,  under  Presb.  Bd.  79-80,  in  City  of 
Mexico,  80-1;  ill-health,  81-3;  Miss,  in  Fewsmith  Memorial,  Newark, 
N.J.,  83-91,  pastor,  91-4;  Miss,  at  Riceville,  N.C.,  94-5,  at  Asheville, 

N.C.,  96-7;  in  N.Y.  City,  1898 ] 

Polhemus,  Cornelius  H.,  b.  at  Middlebush,  N.J.,  Dec.  2,  1853;  R.C.  77, 
N.B.S.  80,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Hopewell,  N.Y.,  81-91,  (Supply.  Presbyt.  Ch., 
St.  Paul.  Minn.,  May  92-July  93,  S.S.  2d  Presbyt.  Ch.,  Jonesboro,  Tenn., 
Sept.  93-June  96,  also  Prof,  of  Langs.  Tabor  Coll.,  Iowa ;  w.  c.  but 

supplying  chs. ;)  Port  Ewen,  1900 

Publications  :  Numerous  articles  and  poems  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  "Christian 
at  Work,"  "Christian  Weekly,"  "The  Advance,"  and  in  "Kansas  City 
Times" ;  also  sentimental  poems — "When  the  Honeysuckles  Bloom,"  and 
"My  Old  New  Jersey  Home." 

Polhemus,  Henry,  b.  at  Harlingen,  May  31,  1772;  C.NJ.  1794,  studied  the- 
ology under  Romeyn,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1798;. Harlingen  and  Ne-Shanic,  1798- 
1808,  English  Neighborhood,  1809-13,  Shawangunk,  1813-15,  d.  Nov.  2. 
Elected  a  trustee  Q.C.  1800. 
He  was  a  man  of  fine  appearance  and  manners.     Wherever  settled,  he 
was  recognized  as  a  man  of  gifts  and  power,  and  one  devoted  to  his  work. 
At  Shawangunk,  especially,  he  gained  the  hearts  of  his  people,  and  a  re- 
markable revival  occurred.    His  sermons  showed  great  familiarity  with  his 
topic,  with  a  pungent  application  of  the  truth  to  his  hearers.    On  a  visit  to 
New  York  he  was  attacked  by  typhoid  fever  and  died.    He  was  long  after 
referred  to  as  "that  dear  domine  Polhemus." 

Polhemus,  Johannes  Theodorus,  b.  probably  in  Switzerland,  1598;  studied, 
probably  in  Switzerland;  pastor  in  the  Palatinate,  1625  (?)-28  (?), 
at  Meppel,  Province  of  Overyssel,  Netherlands,  1628-30  (?).  again  in 
the  Palatinate,  1630  (?)-35,  at  Olinda,  Brazil,  1637-45  (?),  at  Itamar- 
cas,  Brazil,  1645  ?-54;  Midwout,  Amersfort,  L.  I.,  1654-76,  also  Brook- 
lyn, 1656-60,  again,  1664-76,  died  June  8. 
The  first  allusion  to  him  in  the  "Minutes  of  Classis  of  Amsterdam"  is 
as  follows : 

Johannes  Theodorus  Polheim. 

1635,  Dec.  3d.  There  appeared  in  Classis  the  Rev.  John  Theodore  Pol- 
heim   (Polhemus),   formerly  a  preacher  in  the   Palatinate;    (then   subse- 


662  THE   MINISTRY. 

quently  at)  Meppel,  in  (  )veryssel,  and  later,  again  in  ilie  Palatinate;  but  on 
account  of  renewed  persecution,  he  was  forced  to  leave  (the  latter  held) 
a  second  time.  He  requested  that  he  might  be  appointed  a  minister  in  the 
West  Indies,  (America).  Accordingly,  his  testimonials  from  both  Meppel 
and  VVieten  were  read  by  the  Deputies  on  Indian  Affairs,  who  also  mads 
report  thereon.  The  Assembly  resolved,  to  appoint  the  said  individual,  as 
soon  as  possible,  to  that  field,  through  the  instrumentality  of  the  Deputies, 
iv.  66. 

Then  in  the  Acts  of  the  Synod  of  North  Holland,  as  follows : 
1636,  Sept.  9,  et  seq.  Synod  of  Nortli  Holland,  at  Enckhuyzen. 

Art.  34.     Preacher  for  the  West  Indies. 

His  Excellency,  Count  (John)  Maurice,  of  Nassau,  about  to  proceed  to 
the  West  Indies,  (Brazil)  has  made  request  that  a  thoughtful  and  capable 
minister  be  selected,  to  be  sent  to  the  West  Indies  in  accordance  with 
Church  Rules.  This  request  was  particularly  pleasing  to  this  Synod,  and 
it  was  resolved,  that  the  Classes  shall  give  heed  to  it  at  the  earliest  oppor- 
tunity; and  if  they  learn  of  any  one  disposed  to  go  thither  to  inform  the 
Church  of  Amsterdam.  The  Rev.  Correspondents  (of  other  Synods)  will 
also  be  pleased  to  do  the  same. 

Art.  35.  (Under  the  Ministerial  Changes  this  year  occurs  the  following 
item :) 

Classis  of  Amsterdam. 

Sent  to  the  West  Indies,  (Brazil)  Rev.  Johannes  Poliemus. 

There  are  many  allusions  to  the  churches  and  ministers  in  Brazii  in  the 
documents  obtained  by  the  writer  in  1897-8,  but  not  definite  references  to 
Domine  Polhemus,  who  was  there  for  18  years.  But  during  that  period 
there  were  two  Classes  formed  and  a  Synod,  and  the  Minutes  of  these 
bodies  were  published  in  Holland,  but  a  copy  did  not  come  under  his  notice. 
Probably  copies  could  be  procured  at  Utrecht.  At  Olinda,  Domine  Pol- 
hemus preached  in  Portuguese  and  French.  Volumes  in  Dutch  or  Latin, 
giving  an  account  of  the  administration  of  John  Maurice  in  Brazil,  are 
procurable. 

Such  a  volume,  in  Latin,  was  purchased  in  1898,  and  is  now  in  the  Li- 
brary of  the  Collegiate  Church,  New  York.  References  to  Polhemus  are 
therein  found.  (See  also  Dr.  Jas.  L.  Good's  volume,  "Hist,  of  the  Refd. 
Ch.  in  the  United  States,"  for  brief  accounts  of  the  early  attempts  of  the 
French  Reformed,  in  Brazil,  1555-8,  and  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  in  Brazil, 
1637-54;  pubd.  at  Reading,  Pa..  1898.) 

In  1654  the  West  India  Co.  were  obliged  to  evacuate  Brazil,  and  leave  it 
to  the  Portuguese.  This  compelled  Polhemus  to  leave  the  country.  He 
came  to  New  Netherland.  while  his  wife  went  to  Holland  to  try  and  secure 
the  arrears  due  him  from  the  Company.  On  Aug.  24,  1654,  she  besought 
the  deputies  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  to  assist  her.  Rev.  Mr.  Langelius 
was  appointed  to  this  duty.  In  March,  1655,  nothing  had  yet  been  accom- 
plished, but  200  florins  had  been  loaned  her.  Mr.  P.  wrote  to  his  wife  that 
he  was  inclined  to  remain  in  New  Netherland.  and  the  directors  were  asked 
to  ratify  the  arrangement.     In  May.  1656.  the  Classic  wrote  that  they  were 


THE    MINISTRY. 


663 


willing  to  consummate  this  arrangement,  and  would  help  his  wife  to  go 
to  Long  Island.  "She  is  a  very  worthy  matron,  has  great  desire  to  be  with 
her  husband,  and  has  struggled  along  here  in  poverty  and  great  straits,  al- 
ways conducting  herself  modestly  and  piously." 

Lp  to  1654  the  Dutch  on  Long  Island  had  had  no  minister  nor  church, 
and  were  obliged  to  cross  the  East  River  to  attend  service.  The  evil  became 
at  length  so  great  that  Megapolensis  and  a  committee  organized  a  church 
at  Midwout,  (Flatbush.)  on  Feb.  9,  1654,  and  requested  the  Classis  of 
Amsterdam  to  select  a  preacher.  It  was  at  this  juncture,  after  this  letter 
had  been  sent,  that  Polhemus  arrived.  He  had  stopped  on  his  way  hither, 
and  organized  a  Reformed  church  at  New  Amstel,  Delaware.  He  was  the 
first  to  propose  association  of  the  American  ministers  and  churches.  As 
early  as  1662  he  writes :  "We  stand  in  need  of  communication  with  one 
another  in  the  form  of  a  Classis,  after  the  manner  of  the  Fatherland.  It  is 
desirable  that  this  be  begun,  although  I  do  not  know  of  much  business  to 
be  transacted."  He  refers  to  this  same  matter  at  subsequent  times. — "Amst. 
Cor.,"  many  letters.  "Doc.  Hist.,"  iii.  70.  "Col.  Hist.,"  ii.,  72.  "O'Cal- 
laghan's  New  Neth.,"  ii.,  272.  "Brodhead's  N.Y.,"  vols.  i.  and  ii. 
Pool,  Chas.  Hubbard,  b.  at  Bay  Ridge,  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  Feb.  11,  1840;  R.C. 
63,  N.B.S.  66,  1.  S.  CI.  L.I. ;  Bedminster,  66-75,  Raritan,  3d,  75;  Dec. 

31,  87,  Cor.  Sec.  Bd.  Dom.,  Miss.,  Jan.  1,  1888 

Publications  :    Reports  of  Bd.  of  Dom.  Missions,  since  1888. 

Pool,  Geo.  H.    Jersey  City  Heights,  1872-3.     (Presbyt.  Editor.) 

Pool,  William,  b.  Warfum,   Netherlands,  Oct.  26,   1857;   studied  in  the 

Netherlands,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  and  Dubuque,  la.,  1886;  Dubuque 

Sem.,  la.,  1869,  lie.  by  Presbyt.  of  Dubuque,  Ap.  88,  ord.  by  CI.  Dakota, 

Aug.  20,  89;  Grand  View,  S.D.,  May  89-Nov.  90,  S.  Blendon,  Mich., 

90-3,  Grand  Rapids,  6th,  93-7,  Atwood,  Mich.,  1897 

Poot,  J.  W.,  South  Blendon,  1895-6.    Gano,  Chicago,  96-8,  Pella.  4th,  98-9, 

Editor. 
Poppen,  Jacob,  b.  Drenthe,  Mich.,  Ap.   17,   1858;  H.C.  82,  P.S.  93,  1.  CI. 

;    Jamestown,   2d,    94-5,    Tokyo,    Japan,  06-7,    E.    Overisel, 

1898 

Porter,  Charles  F.,  (grandson  of  Rev.  Stephen  Porter,  Presbyt.),  b.  at  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  Oct.  4,  1861 :  Ham.  Coll.  84,  Aub.  Sem.  87,  lie.  Presbyt. 
Geneva,  86;  ord.  by  Presbyt.  of  Buffalo,  87;  (Alden,  N.Y.,  87-8,  Pres- 
byt.) Lodi,  N.Y.,  1888 

Porter,  Elbert  Stothoff,  (son-in-law  of  P.  S.  Wynkoop;)  b.  near  Millstone, 
N.J.,  1820;  C.N.J.  39,  N.B.S.  42,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Miss,  to  Chatham,  42-3, 
Chatham,  43-9,  Williamsburgh,  49-83 ;  also  editor  of  "Christian  Intel- 
ligencer," 52-68.    D.D.  by  R.C.  1857.     Died  Feb.  26,  1888. 
He  united  with  the  Second  Reformed  Church  of  Somerville,  1840,  under 
the  pastorate  of  Dr.  T.  W.  Chambers.    His  inclination  at  first  was  to  study 
law ;  the  question  of  duty,  however,  being  carefully  and  prayerfully  con- 
sidered, he  decided  his  life  work  should  be  that  of  the  ministry.    In  gather- 
ing, organizing,  and  developing  the  church  of  Chatham,  he  did  a  good 
work,  though  he  had,  from  the  diverse  materials,  beliefs,  antagonisms,  dif- 


664  THE    MINISTRY. 

Acuities  of  no  inconsiderable  importance  against  which  to  contend.  His 
abilities  being  recognized,  he  was,  in  1849,  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the 
First  Church  of  Williamsburgh.  The  condition  of  that  church  at  that 
time  was  not  promising;  but  under  the  blessing  of  God  his  labors  were 
successful  in  drawing  a  large  congregation,  so  that  it  was  necessary  to 
build  a  new  church  edifice,  and  ultimately  to  remove  to  a  more  central  and 
commanding  site  in  the  expanding  city.  A  large,  attractive  and  costly  edi- 
fice was  erected,  but  a  financial  crisis  came,  and  then  a  heavy  debt  rested 
upon  crippled  supporters. 

Dr.  Porter  undertook  the  difficult  draught  of  extrication.  Success  at- 
tended, but  he  was  broken  down.  To  the  duties  of  the  pastorate  he  added 
the  work  of  an  editor,  and  that  for  sixteen  years,  of  the  "Christian  Intel- 
ligencer." A  portion  of  that  time  was  during  the  late  Civil  War,  a  trying 
period  for  editors,  religious  and  secular. 

Wielding  the  pen  of  a  ready  writer,  and  possessed  of  varied  talents,  he 
was  well  adapted  to  that  position.  His  pen  and  voice  were  employed  in 
advocating  measures  designed  to  promote  denominational  life  and  growth, 
or  combating  what  might  be  detrimental  to  that  end. 

He  held  positions  of  responsibility  in  various  departments  of  church 
work,  and  was  an  advocate  of  what  would  promote  the  good  of  his  country 
and  of  the  race.  But  at  the  age  of  63,  he  was  compelled  to  relinquish  his 
chosen  work  on  account  of  ill  health,  and  retire  to  his  summer  home  at 
Claverack,  where,  after  five  years  more  spent  amid  scenes  and  grand 
views  of  the  mountains  he  loved,  his  life  went  out. — ''Mints.  Gen.  Syn.," 
1888,  680. 

Publications  :  "The  Resurrection,"  Fun.  Ser.  on  Death  of  Mrs.  B. 
Van  Buren.  1845. — "Perils  and  Securities  of  Our  Country."  1850. — "Do- 
mestic Missions":  a  Ser.  before  Gen.  Synod.  1851. — "Gladness  in  the  Sanc- 
tuary" :  a  Ser.  at  Reopening  of  Ch.  Williamsburgh.  1885. — Address  at  Bos- 
ton in  behalf  of  Am.  Tract.  Soc.  i860. — "Language  of  Affliction":  Ser.  on 
Death  of  Adaline  Rider.  1864. — Ser.  on  "Death  of  Pres.  Lincoln."  1865. — 
"The  R.D.C.  in  Williamsburgh":  a  Hist.  Discourse.  1866. — "Hist.  Doctrine 
and  Spirit  of  R.D.C,"  "Bib.  Sac,"  Ap.  1866.— "A  Pastor's  Hints  to  His 
People." — A  Commen.  Disc,  on  the  "Life,  Character,  and  Services"  of  Rev. 
Dr.  I.  N.  Wyckoff.  1869. — Sermons  in  "Nat.  Preacher,"  on  "Advantages 
of  Denominationalism,  The  New  Heavens  and  the  New  Earth,  and  The 
Temple  Transfigured." — Address  at  Fun.  of  Rev.  Edward  Holmes. — "The 
Literature  of  Ref.  Ch.,"  1776-1876.  In  "Centennial  Discourses." — Editorials 
in  "Ch.  Intelligencer,"  1852-68. 

(His  son,  Elbert  Stothoff  Porter,  b.  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  Feb.  12,  1857: 
C.C.  80;  U.T.S.  83;  ord.  by  Congs.,  Litchfield,  N.W.  Conf.  Dec.  19,  1884; 
Kent,  Ct.,  84-9.  Bridgewater,  Mass.,  1889 ) 

Porter,  Reuben,  w.  c.  1840-55. 

Potter,  Rockwell  Harmon,  (descendant  of  Rev.  Thos.  Romeyn).  b.  Glen- 
ville,  N.Y.,  Oct.  1,  1874,  U.C.  95,  Chicago  Theolog.  Sem.  98,  studied 
also  at  Yale  and  U.S. ;  1.  CI.  Schenectady,  98,  ord.  N.  CI.  L.I.,  98 ;  Flush- 
ing, L.I.,  98-1900,  (Hartford,  1st  Cong.,  1900 ) 


THE    MINISTRY.  665 

Powell,  Henry  Alanson,  b.  Chatham,  N.Y.,  Sept.  13,  1851 ;  U.C.  73,  U.S. 

76;  ord.  by  N.  CI.  L.I.,  June  29,  76;  Bushwick,  L.I.,  76-83,  (Brooklyn, 

Lee  Av.,  Cong.,  83-91,  Lawyer  N.Y.C.,  1891 ) 

Prentice,  Sartell  (Jr.),  b.  Albany,  N.Y.,  Am.  Coll.  91,  U.S.  94,  lie.  Congs. 

94,  ord.  by  CI.  Raritan,  94;  Pottersville,  N.J.,  94-7,   (Newark    5th  Av 

Presbyt.  1897 ) 

Preyer,  D.  Charles, N.B.S.  1884,  Newark,  East,  84-6,  Asbury  Park 

86-8. 
Proudfit,  Alex,   (son  of  John  W.  Proudfit),  b.  N.Y.C.,  Ap.  15,  1839;  R.C. 

58,  N.B.S.    and    P.S.  61  ;    ord.  as    an    evang.  by   1st  Presbyt.   N.Y., 

62;  chaplain  U.S.A.  62-5,   (Clayton,  N.J.,  66-76),  Hackettstown,  N.J.i 

76-84,  Baltimore,  2d,  Md.,  85-94,  Springfield,  O.,  95-97,  d.  Ap.  2.     D.d' 

by  Lafayette  Coll.  1887. 
He  was  unflinching  in  courage,  untiring  in  zeal,  and  unfailing  in  faith- 
fulness.    He  was  ever  ready  to  co-operate  heartily  in  all  that  was  good 
whether  in  reference  to  the  common  cause  of  the  churches  or  the  general 
welfare  of  the  community.— See  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C."  1897,  19. 

Proudfit,  John  Williams,  (son  of  Rev.  Alexander  Proudfit,  of  Assoc.  Ref. 

Ch.,  Salem,  N.Y.,  1795-1835,)  b.  in  Salem,  Sept.  22.  1803;  U.C.  23,  P.S. 

24;  ord.  25;  (Newburyport,  Mass.,  27-33,  Prof,  of  Latin  Lan.  and  Lit., 

U.N.Y.  33-41 ;)  Prof,  of  Latin  and  Greek  Langs,  and  Lit.  in  R.C.  40-5! 

Prof,  of  Greek  Lang,  and  Lit.  in  R.C.  45-59,  w.  c.  59-64,    (Presbyt) 

Died  Mar.  9,  1870.  D.D.  by  U.C.  1841. 
His  father,  Rev.  Alex.  Proudfit,  D.D.,  was  a  man  of  eminent  piety,  a  ripe 
scholar,  and  one  of  the  most  distinguished  ministers  in  Northern  New 
York.  For  forty  years  he  was  the  pastor  of  the  Associate  Reformed 
Church  of  Salem,  N.Y.,  one  of  the  most  prominent  and  influential  societies 
in  the  denomination.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  received  most  excellent 
home  training,  and  he  enjoyed  every  advantage  that  could  be  afforded  to 
a  young  man  on  his  entrance  into  life.  He  pursued  his  literary  course  at 
Union  College,  graduating  from  that  institution  with  honor  in  1821.  One 
of  his  classmates  represents  him  to  have  been  a  diligent  student,  very  far 
in  advance  of  many  of  his  associates,  and  especially  developing  a  proficiency 
in  the  languages,  which  was  quite  remarkable.  Dr.  Nott,  the  president  of 
the  college,  regarded  him  as  one  of  the  best  of  his  students,  and  saw  in  him 
signs  of  future  prominence.  His  theological  education  was  obtained  at 
Princeton.  And  here  also  he  took  a  very  high  stand  among  his  fellow- 
students  as  a  man,  a  scholar,  and  a  Christian.  Few  were  esteemed  more 
highly,  or  made  a  better  use  of  their  opportunities  than  he  did.  He  was 
regarded  as  a  thoughtful,  conscientious,  and  earnest  man,  devoting  himself 
with  singular  fidelity  to  the  work  before  him.  He  was  a  man  of  faith  and 
of  prayer,  and  even  at  that  early  period  of  life  he  was  full  of  good  works. 
As  a  scholar  he  stood  among  the  best  in  his  class.  Study  was  a  joy  to  him. 
The  Greek  and  Latin  languages  became  almost  as  familiar  to  him  as  the 
English  itself.  He  read  much,  and  thought  deeply.  He  was  not  superficial, 
but  went  to  the  root  of  things,  and  understood  what  he  read.  In  his  daily 
reading  of  the  Scriptures  he  preferred  the  original  languages,  and  his  trans- 


666 


THE    MINISTRY 


lation  was  easy,   rapid,  and  accurate.     And  this  was  a  habit  that  he  kept 
up  through  life. 

His  only  settlement  in  the  ministry  was  at  Newburyport,  Mass.,  in  the 
Federal  Street  Church,  the  leading  society  of  the  city.  He  displayed  during 
his  short  residence  among  that  people  rare  traits  of  excellence  as  a  minister 
of  the  gospel,  and  as  the  pastor  of  a  congregation.  He  prepared  his  ser- 
mons with  great  care,  and  presented  the  truths  of  Scripture  in  such  an 
orderly  way  as  to  attract  the  attention  of  thoughtful  hearers.  As  a  pastor 
he  was  very  successful,  going  among  his  people  as  a  son  of  consolation; 
and  towards  young  men  especially  he  was  warm-hearted  and  affectionate, 
giving  to  them  excellent  counsels,  and  stimulating  them  to  aim  at  a  high 
standard  in  some  honorable  calling.  He  continued  in  this  field  about  six 
years,  laboring  with  some  disadvantages  arising  from  impaired  health,  and 
from  the  rigor  of  the  climate,  compelling  him  to  cease  from  his  work  for 
a  considerable  period,  and  seek  rest  in  foreign  travel.  Yet  he  was  remark- 
ably successful.  The  church  continued  united  during  his  ministry  and 
was  prospered.  The  large  number  of  three  hundred  and  forty  were  re- 
ceived into  the  church  during  his  pastorate,  a  proof  of  his  ministerial  fidelity 
and  usefulness,  as  well  as  of  God's  blessing  upon  his  labors. 

The  principal  part  of  his  life  was  occupied  in  the  work  of  teaching,  first 
as  Professor  of  the  Languages  in  the  University  of  New  York  during  the 
presidency  of  his  fellow-townsman,  Dr.  Aaathews,  and  subsequently  in 
Rutgers  College.  He  was  in  New  York  seven  years,  and  in  New  Brunswick 
twenty-one  years.  This  latter  period  was  the  most  useful  portion  of  his 
life.  He  was  associated  with  most  valuable  and  learned  men  in  the  faculty, 
and  was  esteemed  by  them  as  a  man  of  culture,  a  laborious  student  himself, 
and  in  his  own  department  a  very  admirable  teacher.  He  gathered  around 
him  a  large  and  valuable  library,  and  among  his  books  he  was  always  at 
home.  He  secured  the  confidence  of  the  students,  and  manifested  a  very 
warm  solicitude  for  their  welfare.  The  college  was  then  under  the  charge 
of  Dr.  Hasbrouck,  whose  government  was  turn  but  mild,  and  in  Dr.  Proud- 
fit  he  found  a  very  cordial  and  intelligent  supporter.  While  in  New  Bruns- 
wick he  wrote  much  for  the  press,  and  always  contributed  articles  of 
sterling  value.  The  "Bibliotheca  Sacra,"  the  "Princeton  Review,"'  as  well 
as  the  daily  press,  were  enriched  by  his  well-prepared  and  finely  written 
papers.  For  one  year  he  conducted  the  "New  Brunswick  Review."  display- 
ing considerable  ability  as  an  editor,  and  enriching  its  pages  with  several 
valuable  contributions.  He  did  not  neglect  the  cause  of  the  Master  while 
occupied  with  his  literary  labors.  He  preached  frequently,  attended  prayer- 
meetings  with  regularity,  instituted  stated  religious  worship  at  the  jail, 
carried  on  missionary  work  on  the  canal,  and  went  among  the  sick  and 
afflicted  with  messages  of  consolation. 

After  leaving  the  college  he  employed  himself  in  various  useful  ways.  At 
the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War  he  became  deeply  interested.  He  attended 
public  meetings  and  addressed  vast  assemblies.  He  preached  a  most  power- 
ful sermon,  which  was  published  and  widely  circulated.  He  went  to  the 
camp  and  labored  among  the  soldiers,  and  to  the  hospitals  and  aided  the 


THE    MINISTRY.  667 

sick  and  wounded.     In  the  darkest  day  he  encouraged  hope  and  never  for  a 
moment  doubted  the  triumph  of  the  good  cause. 

Dr.  Proudfit  was  a  tall  man  and  well  proportioned.  He  was  very  grave 
in  his  appearance,  and  while  his  countenance  did  not  exhibit  austerity,  it 
did  display  an  unusually  thoughtful  mind.  As  a  preacher  he  was  not  what 
might  be  called  popular.  His  voice,  although  distinct,  was  rather  feeble, 
and  his  delivery  by  no  means  distinguished  for  animation  or  vivacity.  He 
gestured  but  little,  and  even  then  not  in  a  very  forcible  way.  But  his 
matter  was  of  a  very  superior  quality.  He  chose  such  topics  as  were 
adapted  to  his  cast  of  mind ;  and  from  his  rich  treasures  of  knowledge  he 
brought  forth  truths,  and  arranged  them  in  such  a  garb  as  would  always 
attract  attention.  His  sermons  to  the  graduating  class  were  always  timely, 
judicious,  and  most  valuable  in  their  counsels.  Some  are  still  remembered 
with  interest  by  his  students,  and  the  few  that  are  published  are  excellent 
specimens  of  his  skill  as  a  preacher  to  young  men.  We  may  instance  his 
sermon  on  "The  Choice  of  a  Profession,"  and  also  on  "The  Nature  of  True 
Greatness."  The  doctor  had  traveled  much  abroad,  and  he  carried  on  an 
extensive  correspondence  with  distinguished  men  in  Europe.  And  he  did 
much  in  his  labors  among  the  churches  in  his  own  country  to  stir  up  an 

interest  on  behalf  of  the  evangelical  work  rhat  was  going  on  in  Europe 

Rev.  Dr.  R.  H.  Steele. 

See  "Princeton  Rev.,"  xv.,  312.     "Index  to  Prin.  Rev.."  275. 

Publications:  "Choice  of  a  Profession":  Baccalaureate  Sermon,  R.C. 
1841.— "Nature  of  True  Greatness."— "The  Captives."  A  Comedy  of  Plau- 
tus,  with  Eng.  Notes.  1843.— "Remarks  on  Hist.,  Structure,  and  Theories 
of  the  Apostles'  Creed."  1852.  (See  "Princeton  Rev.,"  1852. )— Editor  of 
"New  Brunswick  Rev.,"  1855.— "The  Sanctuary  of  God  consulted  in  the 
Present  Crisis."  1861.— "Man's  Two-fold  Life"  included  in  the  "Promise 
of  Godliness" :  A  Disc,  at  the  Install,  of  Rev.  Wm.  Irwin  at  Rondout.  1862. 
Address  at  the  fun.  of  Theodore  Strong,  LL.D.  1869.— Art.  in  "Sprague's 
Annals"  on  Dr.  J.  S.  Cannon.— Arts,  in  "Princeton  Rev."  on  "Inspiration 
and  Catholicism."  1851.— "The  Heidelberg  Catechism  and  Dr.  Nevin." 
*852- — "Review  of  Voelcker  and  others  on  Homeric  Ideas  of  the  Soul  and 
a  Future  State."  ("Bib.  Sac,"  xv.,  753.)— Other  articles  in  "Bibliotheca 
Sacra,"  "Independent,"  "Evening  Post,"  "Ledger."  etc. 
Proudfit,  Robt.  Ralston  (son  of  John  William  Proudfit),  b.  Feb.  3,  1836; 
R.C.  1854,  N.B.S.  and  P.S.  61 ;  ord.  Evang.  61 ;  chaplain  U  S.A.  61-5, 
Weehawken,  N.J.,  65-67.     Died  Feb.,  1897. 

He  received  a  sunstroke  while  in  the  army,  from  the  effects  of  which  he 
never  fully  recovered.  Yet  he  did  a  considerable  amount  of  Christian 
work  quietly,  and  in  teaching  Bible  classes.  He  spent  much  time  in  travel, 
both  in  America  and  Europe.  He  married  a  daughter  of  the  late  Count 
St.  George  of  Geneva,  Switzerland,  the  head  of  the  Evangelical  Alliance 
in  that  land.     See  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,"  1897.  18. 

Quackenbush,  Daniel  McLaren,  b.  in  N.Y.C.  Mar.  9,  1819:  C.C.  36,  N.B.S. 
39,  1.  Assoc.  Presby.  Ch.,  N.Y.,  39;  (West  Hebron,  N.Y.,  42-7,')  War- 
warsing,  49-51,  Fishkill  Landing,  51-5,  Missionary  pastor,  Chapel  on 


668  rHE    MINISTRY. 

Brooklyn  Height*.  55-9,  Hastings-on-Hudson,  59"6l,  Prospect  Hill, 
X.Y.C.,  1861-1900.  d.  Aug.  4.  D.D.  by  N.Y.U.  1863. 
He  had  a  long  and  honorable  career.  He  was  a  scholar  of  rare  mental 
endowments.  He  was  in  early  life  devoted  to  the  ministry  by  his  pious 
Scotch  mother.  Many  acts  of  beneficence  marked  his  entire  ministerial 
career.  He  served  the  Prospect  Hill  Church  for  the  most  part  gratuitously, 
for  nearly  forty  years,  putting  aside  calls  to  larger  fields,  for  which  he 
was  eminently  qualified  by  his  great  learning,  and  keenly  logical  mind. 
Exceptional  circumstances  made  the  Prospect  Hill  Church  very  dear  to  his 
heart.  Though  of  a  quiet,  retiring  disposition,  his  kindly,  sympathetic 
nature  made  him  a  devoted  pastor.  He  was  a  man  of  great  conscientious- 
ness, faithful,  and  constant  in  the  duties  of  his  calling,  a  faithful  friend,  a 
wise  counsellor  and  a  reliable  guide.  He  was  a  spiritually  minded  man, 
strong  in  faith,  and  unreserved  in  his  consecration  to  Christ  and  his 
church.     See  also  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1901,  1243. 

Quaw,  Jas.  E.     N.B.S.  1828,  Miss,  at  Tyashoke,  28-9;  at  Lysander,  29-30, 
Dashville  Falls,  31-4,  Breakabin,  Cobblcskill,  and  Schoharie  Mt.,  34-6, 
w.  c.  36-45,  lost  on  Lake  Erie.     See  "McClintock's  Cyclop.'' 
Publications  :     "The  Immerser  Instructed."     1844. — "The  Cold  Water 

Man." 

Quick,  Ab.  Messler,  b.  Somerville,  N.J.,  R.C.  i860,  N.B.S.  64,  1.  CI.  N.B. ; 

Port  Jackson,  64-69;  Franklin,   1869-92,  Peekskill,  82-84,  Ocean  Hill, 

Brooklyn,  N.Y.C.,  1885 1900,  w.  c. 

Publications  :      Many   Arts,    and    Communications   to    Periodicals    and 
Magazines;  pamphlets. 

Quick,  John  J.     N.B.S.  1839,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia;  Jackson,  40-3,  Fairfield, 
45-9,  Wynantskill,  49-54,  Currytown,  55-6,  Mapletown  and  Currytown, 
56-61,  Mapletown,  61-2,  S.S.  Fort  Herkimer,  1867-8.     Died  18.  . 
Quick,  Peter  J.,  b.  Mar.  6,  1806;  R.C.  33,  N.B.S.  36,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia; 
Clarkstown,  37-66,  Rector  of  Hertzog  Hall,  69-74,  librarian  of  Sage 
Library,  74-1886,  d.  Nov.  9. 
He  was  a  model  pastor.     As  a  preacher  he  was  little  known  outside  of 
his  first  and  only  charge.     He  had  a  diffidence  and  reserve  which  made  it 
a  torture  for  him  to  preach  before  any  people  but  his  own ;  so  that  aside 
from  occasional  exchanges  with  his  near  ministerial  brethren  he  was  rarely 
heard  out  of  his  own  pulpit.     But  there,  be  was  a  power.     His  sermons 
were  carefully  prepared,  were  pre-eminently  instructive,  and  earnestly  and 
impressively  delivered ;  and  the  seed  sown  sprang  up  and  God  was  glorified 
and  souls  saved.     He  was  a  man  of  remarkably  fine  and  well-preserved  ap- 
pearance, and  made  it  the  rule  of  his  life  to  give  one-tenth  of  all  his  worldly 
blessings  to  the  Lord. 

Quinn,   Robt.   A.,  b.   1803;    N.B.S.   1833,  1.  CI.   N.B.    1833:   Caughnawaga, 
1833-5,  Oyster  Bay,  1835-41,  Manayunk,   1842-7,   Stone  House  Plains, 
1847-9,  Chaplain  at  Sailors'  Snug  Harbor,  1852-3,  d. 
After  performing  his  duties  as  chaplain,  on  Jan.  31,  at   Sailors'   Snug 

Harbor,  he  was  deliberately  shot  through  the  heart  by  Herman  Ingalls,  an 


THE    MINISTRY.  669 

old  sailor,  who,  it  is  said,  had  revealed  his  past  life  crimes  to  his  chaplain, 
and  now  feared  exposure.  Ingalls  then  immediately  shot  himself.  He  was 
much  given  to  muttering  and  solitary  walking,  and  his  companions  thought 
he  had  been  a  pirate  and  was  troubled  with  remorse.  Mr.  Qtiinn  had  been 
chaplain  of  the  institution  for  eleven  years. 
Rati,  Jacob,    (Hindoo),   Arcot   Sem.    1890,   1.    CI.  Arcot ;    engaged   as   an 

evangelist  in  India,  1890 

Ralston,  Edward  S.     Piermont,   1894- 1900,  Harlem.   Collegiate,    1900 

Rand,  Wm.  Wilberforce,  (s.  of  Rev.  Asa  Rand,)  b.  at  Gorham,  Maine, 
Dec.  8,  1816;  Bowdoin  Col.  37,  Bangor  Sem.  40;  lie.  Waldo  Cong. 
Assoc.  Jan.  14,  1840;  ord.  by  CI.  Cayuga,  Sept.  1,  1841 ;  Canastota, 
1841-4;  Ed.  and  Pub.  Sec.  N.Y.  Tract  Soc.  1844 — 1902.  D.D.  bv 
N.Y.U.  1843- 
His  father  was  formerly  pastor  of  the  Cong.  Ch.  at  Gorham,  Me.,  and 
later,  editor  of  the  "Christian  Mirror,"  the  "Boston  Recorder,"  and  the 
"Youth's  Companion."  His  mother,  Grata  Payson,  was  also  of  ministerial 
descent,  being  the  daughter  of  Rev.  Dr.  Seth  Payson,  and  sister  of  Rev. 
Edward  Payson,  of  Portland,  Me.  Under  Dr.  Rand  as  Superintendent  of 
the  Publishing  Department  of  the  Tract  Society,  about  7,000  new  pub- 
lications have  been  issued,  of  which  about  1,790  were  volumes,  and  the  rest 
tracts,  wall  rolls,  &c.  Many  hundreds  of  the  publications  were  in  foreign 
languages.  The  only  large  volume  of  which  Dr.  Rand  was  himself  the 
personal  and  sole  author  is  "The  Bible  Dictionary  in  English  and  Spanish." 
Aside  from  special  service  in  compiling,  his  main  work  has  been  in  select- 
ing new  issues  from  thousands  of  books  and  tracts  offered,  revising  many 
of  them,  and  seeing  them  through  the  press,  as  well  as  supervising  the 
six  periodicals  which  the  Society  is  now  publishing.  Since  the  death  of 
Dr.  Halleck,  Dr.  Rand  has  been  alone  in  this  responsible  work.  He  is 
admirably  qualified  for  his  position  by  his  extensive  scholarship,  especially 
by  his  familiarity  with  several  languages,  and  by  his  accurate  habits  of 
thought  and  criticism.  At  nearly  eighty-five  years  of  age,  he  is  still  in 
full  active  work,  and  enjoys  the  profoundest  respect  of  the  general  com- 
munity and  church,  and  the  warmest  affection  of  his  very  large  inner 
circle  of  intimate  friends.  (Resigned,  1902.) 
Randall,  Peter  G.    R.C.  1838,  N.B.S.  41,  1.  CI.  N.Y. 

Randies,  Wm.  N.,  b.  at  West  Hebron,  N.Y.,  Mar.  14,  1837;  U.C.  59,  United 

Presb.  Sem.,  Xenia,  O.,  63,  lie.  (U.P.)  Presb.  Argyle,  62;  ord.  (U.P.) 

Presbyt.  Albany,  64;    (West  Charlton,  N.Y.,   (U.P.)    1864-72;)    Glen- 

ville,  1873-81,  d.  Nov.  20. 

Randolfh,  Edward  T.  F.,  b.   New  Brunswick,   N.J.,  Jan.  30,   1872;  R.C. 

96,  N.B.S.  99,  1.  CI.  N.B.  Leeds,  1900 

Rankin,  John  Joseph,  b.  Newark,  N.J.,  Aug.  12,  1854;  Wms.  Coll.  76,  U.S. 
and  P.S.  80,  lie.  by  Presb.  Newark,  80;  ord.  Presb.  Buffalo,  83;  (Clar- 
ence, N.Y.,  83-5,)   Bronxville,  86-8;    (Presbyt.) 

Ranney,  William  Addison.    R.C.  1896,  N.B.S.  99,  1.  CI 

Rapalje,  Daniel,  b.  New  Lots,  (Brooklyn,)  N.Y.,  Ap.  20,  1836;  R.C.  55, 
N.B.S.  58,  1.  S.  G.  L.I. ;  voyage  to  China,  Oct.  58-March,  59.  Amoy, 


67O  THE    MINISTRY. 

59-66,  voyage  to  America.  June-Nov.  66;  in  America,  66-9;  voyage  to 
China.  Jan.  9-March,  69,  Amoy.  69-76,  voyage  to  America,  May-June, 
76,  in  America,  76-8,  voyage  to  China,  Oct.  i-Nov.  2,  78,  Amoy,  78-84, 
voyage  to  America.  June-July  84.  in  America.  84-5.  voyage  to  China, 
Nov.-Dec,  85,  Amoy.  85-90,  voyage  to  America,  May-June,  90,  in 
America,  90-1.  voyage  to  China,  Oct. -Nov.  91,  Amoy,  91-4,  voyage  to 
America,  May-June,  94.  in  America.  94-5.  voyage  to  China,  Ap.-May, 

95,  Amoy.  95-9,  voyage  to  America,  Ap.-May.  99;  in  America,  1899 

w.  c. 
Ratzell.  J.  P.     Candidate  in  CI.   X.V.  1900. 

Rai  si  her,  John  Charles,  b.  Corona.  N.V.,   March   1.   1873,  U.S.  98,  lie. 

by  Presbyt.;  Astoria.  1899 

Ravex.  John  Howard,  b.  Brooklyn.  X.Y..  Oct.  3,  1870;  R.C.  1891,  N.B.S. 

w4.  lie.  S.  CI.  L.I..  Metuchen,  94-99,  Prof.  O.  T.  Langs,  and  Exegesis, 

New  Brunswick  Seminary,   1899 

Rawls,  John.     N.B.S.   1819,  1.  CI.  N.B.  ;  Columbia,  20-23,  w.  c. 

Raymond.   And.  Van  Yranken,    (s.  of  H.  A.   Raymond,)   b.  Aug.  8.   1854, 
at  Visscher's  Ferry,  N.Y. ;  U.C.   75,  N.B.S.  78,  lie.   CI.   Schenectady; 
Totowa,    tst,    (Paterson,   N.J.,)    78-81.   Plainfield,  N.J..  81-7.    (Albany, 
4th   Presbyt. )    87-94,  President  of  Union  College,  Schenectady,  N.Y., 
[894—         Ml),  by  U.C.  1887.     LL.D.  by  W.C.   1894. 
Raymond.  Henry  A.,  b.  at  Patterson,  Putnam  Co.,  N.Y.,  July  10,  1804:  Y.C. 
1825,  N.B.S.  1828,  lie.  CI.    Poughkeepsie.   1828,  Sharon,  Lawyersville, 
and  Cobleskill,   1829-32,  Fairfield,  1833-5,  Niskayuna.   T836-50,  Owasco, 
1851-3.   Amity,   1853-6.   Lawyersville  and   Sharon.    1856-64,    Boght   and 
Rensselaer.  1864-71.     Died  July  18,  1877. 
While  in  college,  he  was  converted,  and  was  led  to  consecrate  his  life  to 
the  Lord  Jesus,  under  the  ministrations  of  Rev.  Dr.  Nettleton.     For  more 
than  forty  years  he  labored  in  the  ministry.     Each  of  his  charges  was  wide- 
spread and  populous,  and  he  was  a  most  faithful  and  indefatigable  pastor. 
Not  only  did  he  conscientiously  bring  beaten  oil  into  the  sanctuary  on  the 
Sabbath,  hut  in  lectures  and  prayer  meetings  in  the  several  neighborhoods 
of  his  charges  he  was  in  labors  very  abundant.     No  case  of  sickness,  or 
bereavement,   or   spiritual   need   of  pastoral   counsel   was   neglected   or  put 
off  to  suit  his  convenience.     Besides  such  special  cases,  he  gave  his  people 
constant   care.     He  was   familiar  in  their  houses,   intimate   in   their   families, 
and  very  near  to  their  hearts. 

For  this  pastoral  care  Mr.  Raymond  had  peculiar  qualifications.  Of  a 
buoyant,  cheerful,  almost  jovial  disposition,  he  at  the  same  time  had  a 
very  tender  heart  of  sympathy,  very  quick  to  he  moved  in  response  to  the 
trials  and  sufferings  of  others.  There  was  nothing  constrained,  and  nothing 
official,  when  he  rejoiced  with  them  that  rejoiced,  and  wept  with  them 
that  wept,  lie  was  always  one  with  his  people  and  one  of  them,  and  no  one 
could  long  hesitate  to  confide  in  him  as  a  father,  or  a  brother.  Moreover, 
he  was  wise  in  spiritual  counsel  and  in  the  management  of  individuals  and 
of  churches.  He  was  in  his  choicest  element  in  seasons  of  revival,  and 
found  his  highest   delighl   in  the  reception  of  young  converts,  and  in  their 


THE    MINISTRY.  67I 

training  in  Christian  work.  His  ministry  was  blessed  with  repeated  out- 
pourings of  the  Holy  Spirit,  and  the  young  men  whom  he  welcomed  into 
the  communion  of  the  church  were  so  instructed  and  brought  out  that 
they  are  neither  ashamed  of  the  gospel  of  Christ,  nor  afraid  to  work  for 
the  kingdom,  and  for  souls. 

His  last  years,  when  he  was  laid  aside  by  the  growing  infirmities  of  age, 
were  by  no  means  lost  years.  As  long  as  he  was  able  to  do  so,  it  was  his 
delight  to  minister  to  feeble  churches  and  to  assist  his  brethren.  At  last, 
infirm  and  blind,  he  reverently  stood  still  to  see  the  salvation  of  God,  with 
a  cheery  rejoicing  in  all  the  prosperity  of  Zion,  and  a  calm,  confident, 
childlike  trust  for  himself  in  the  grace  of  his  Saviour.  And  so  he  went 
home. — Rev.  Dr.  J.  A.  De  Baun.  See  also  De  Baun's  Sermon  at  his 
funeral. 

Read,  Edward  Griffin  (son  of  Hollis  Read),  b.  at  Sharon,  Ct.,  Nov.  3, 
1844,  C.N.J.  61,  Tutor  of  Latin  in  C.N.J.  61-3,  P.S.  65.  lie.  by  Presbyt. 
Passaic,  64;  (Madison,  Wis.,  Presbyt.  65-8,  Elizabeth,  3d,  N.J.,  68-75; 
Bennington,  Vt.,  75-82),  Somerville,  2d,   (Raritan,  2d,)    1882 — 

Publications  :  Occasional  Sermons  ;  "A  Domine  in  Bible  Lands,"  1894. 
— Sermon  at  50th  Anniv.  of  Second  Ch.  of  Raritan,  1884. 

Read,  Hollis,  b.  Vt.,  1802;  W.C.  26,  P.S.  28,  And.  Sem. ;  in  R.D.C.  1853-5, 

w.  c.    Died  1887.    For  details,  see  "P.  Sem.  Gen.  Cat." 

Rederus,  Francis,  b.  Lutjegast,  Groningen.  in  Netherlands,  Aug.   19.  1822; 

entered  Seminary  of  Free  Church  at  Kampen,  1852 ;  preached  at  Stroo- 

bos,  Beotgum,  in  Vriesland  ;  at  Wesep  and  Apeldoorn  in  Guelderland; 

came  to  America,  Nov.,  1872;  Paterson.  N.J.,  (Bridge  St.  Refd.  Holl. 

Seceder  Ch.,)  72-74,  Passaic,  N.J..  74-76.  Pella,  la..  3d,  76-1886.  May 

10,  d. 

He  graduated  with  the  first  class  of  the  Seminary  at  Kampen.     While 

settled    in    the    Netherlands    he    did    much    missionary    work,    establishing 

preaching  stations  in  wicked  places,  as  Berlicum,  St.  Anna,  &c,  and  many 

were  led  to  Christ.     At  St.  Anna  an  evangelical  church  was  formed,  which 

flourishes  to  this  day  in  Vriesland.     His  people  were  profoundly  attached 

to  him  for  his  evangelical  zeal  and  labors  among  them.    y\fter  a  year  and  a 

half  of  labor  in  a  Seceder  church  in  Paterson,  N.J.,  he  joined  the  regular 

Reformed  Church  in  America,  and  spent  the  rest  of  his  ministry  in  her  fold. 

where  his  great  zeal  and  efficiency  continued  to  the  end  of  his  life. 

Rederus,  Sipko  F.,  (son  of  Rev.  Francis  Rederus),  b.  in  Netherlands;  Col- 
lege of  Refd.  Ch.  at  Kampen;  c.  to  America,  1872;  N.B.S.  1877;  lie.  by 
Winabago  Convention,  (Cong.),  Wis.,  1881  ;  (Supplied,  Presbyt.  Ch.  in 
Chicago,  1877,  Cong.  Ch.  at  Alto,  Wis.,  and  other  churches,  as  Green- 
leafton,  Minn.,  New  Amsterdam  and  Cato,  Wis.)  ;  Britton,  Mich.,  93-96, 
Tyre,  N.Y.,  1896-1901,  (Presbyt..  Wampsville,  NY.,  1901 ) 

Publications  :  "Vibrations  of  My  Soul,"  a  Poem,  1887 ;  "Memorial  Ser- 
mon to  Soldiers,"  1894:  contributions  to  the  press;  Essays  and  selections 
from  the  Dutch  and  Flemish  poets. 


672  1  mi     M  INISTRY. 

Reed,  Edward  Allen,  b.  June  -'4.  1843,  at  Lansingburgli.  X.  V.  :  Aub.  Sem. 
71;  lie.  by  Presbyt.  of  Cayuga,  N.  Y.,  70;  ord.  by  Cong.  Council,  at 
Springfield,  Mass.,  June  14,  71;  (Cong.  Ch.,  Springfield,  Mass.,  71-78), 
New  York  City,  Madison  Av.  78-87. 

-   D.D.  by  R.C.  1881. 

Publications:     "Manly  Christianity,"  1879.  containing  also  a  brief  his- 
tory of  Madison  Av.  Ch.,  

Reeverts,  Andrew  J.,  b.  near  Oregon,  Ogle  Co.,  111.,  Jan.  20,  1868;  H.C.  92, 
W.S.   95.    1.   CI.    Pleasant    Prairie;    Monroe    1st    (Ger.)    S.D.  95-7,   Im- 

manuel,  Belmond,  la.,  1897 .    Also  S.S.  at  Alexander,  la.,  1897 

Reichert,  J.  F.     Forreston,  111.,  1871-2. 

Reidenbach,  J.  A.     Ger.  Evang.,  Brooklyn.  E.D.,  1865-6. 

Reiley,  DeWitt  Ten  Broeck,  b.  Hurley,  N.  Y.,  1838  (s.  of  Wm.  Reiley)  ; 

R.C.  57,  lie.  CI.  N.B.  66;  Prof.  Latin  Lang,  and  Lit.  in  Rutgers  College, 

61-91  ;  also  Rector  Grammar  School,  1868-74;  again,  76-91.    Died  Aug. 

6,  1900.     See  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,"  1901,  5. 

Publications:       "Elementary     Instruction     in     Latin."     "Educational 

Monthly."  1875. 

Reiley,  Wm.,  b.  at  Durham,  Bucks  Co.,  Pa.,  Feb.  12,  1810;  R.C.  33,  N.B.S. 
36,  lie.  CI.  N.B. ;  Hurley.  36-9,  Middletown,  N.  J.,  39-1887;  emeri- 
tus. Died  July  19,  1894. 
Before  settling  at  Hurley  he  had  preached  at  Holmdel.  and  at  two 
churches  in  New  York,  and  three  out  of  these  four  churches  desired  to 
call  him  as  pastor.  Holmdel  was  his  choice,  but  owing  to  trouble  in  that 
church,  he  was  advised  not  to  go  there.  Accepting  the  call  to  Hurley  he 
preached  there  two  years,  also  supplying  a  pulpit  at  Rondout.  At  the  end 
of  that  time  Holmdel  was  still  vacant,  the  trouble  still  existing  and  inten- 
sified ;  but  he  yielded  to  solicitations,  and  accepted  the  pastorate  of  that 
church.  After  forty-eight  years  of  service,  he  resigned  on  account  of  old 
age,  and  was  declared  pastor  emeritus,  the  Consistory  of  the  church  agree- 
ing to  pay  him  what  the  Classis  considered  an  adequate  sum.  He  then  re- 
moved to  Freehold,  where  he  resided  for  eight  years  until  death  came  to 
him  at  the  age  of  84  years.  He  did  much  pioneer  work  in  Monmouth  Co., 
organizing  the  Reformed  Churches  at  Freehold,  Colt's  Neck,  Long  Branch 
and  Keyport,  originating  also  the  Classis  of  Monmouth.  He  was  a  very 
active  member  of  the  Bible  Society.  His  preaching  was  with  power,  and 
fidelity  characterized  his  pastoral  work.  The  flock  to  whom  he  ministered 
for  nearly  half  a  century,  are  his  competent  and  willing  witnesses.  To 
them  he  was  a  beloved  pastor,  counsellor,  guide  and  friend.  They  always 
found  him  faithful  in  the  discharge  of  all  his  duties ;  loyal  to  the  truth,  and 
earnest  in  example  and  teaching.  His  influence  upon  the  community  was 
one  of  more  than  ordinary  value.  The  last  few  years  of  his  life  were  years 
of  great  weakness.  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.."  1895,  209. — "Biog.  Notices  of 
Grads.  R.C,"  1895,  3- 

Reiner,  John  H.,  b.  in  Russia;  c.  to  America,  1880:  West  Lyden,  1881-5, 
Gallatin.  86-7, 


THE    MINISTRY.  673 

Renskers,  Garret  John,  b.  at  Winterwyck,  Netherlands,  Nov.  3,  1818;  c.  to 
America,  46,  studied  under  German  and  Presbyt.  auspices,  in  Iowa; 
ord.  by  Presbyt.  55  (Ger.  Chs.  in  the  west,  55-64;  Zeeland,  Mich., 
Presbyt.  64-8)  ;  Clymerhil,  68-80;  emeritus.     Died  Nov.  1,  1893. 

Renslaer,  see  Van  Rensselaer. 

Rex,  Henry  L.     Lower  Walpack,  1879-87. 

Rhinehart,  J.  Kelly,  b.  Bruynswick,  N.  Y.,  1830;  R.C.  59,  N.B.S.  62,  1.  CI. 
Orange;   Roxbury,  62-73,  Princetown,  N.  Y.,  73-89,  Kiskatom,  89-91, 
d.  Nov.  15. 
See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1892,  653. — "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C.,"  1892, 

35- 

Rice,  C.  D.  Y.C.,  1.  by  Hampden  Assoc.  Mass.,  1839;  (Granby,  Ct.,  1839- 
42,  East  Douglass,  Mass.,  1842-52,  Poughkeepsie,  1854-60,  all  Cong.), 
i860,  in  Ref.  Ch. ;  Prin.  of  Colleg.  Instit.  for  Young  Ladies.  Pough- 
keepsie, 1860-78;  and  of  Ossining  Institute,  Sing  Sing,  1878-82. 

Rice,  Henry  Leffler,  b.  Washington  Co.,  Pa.,  June  25,  1795 ;  Troy  Univer- 
sity, 1818,  P.S.  21,  ord.  as  an  evangelist  by  Presbyt.  N.B.  Oct.  2,  22; 
Miss,  in  West  23-4,  Spotswood,  N.  J.,  25-34  (Ger.  Ref.  Chambersburg, 
Pa.,  34-1837,  d.  May  3.  See  "Appel's  Recollections  of  Coll.  Life,  pp. 
27-30;  Corwin's  20th  anniv.  Ser.  at  Millstone. 

Ricke,  Herman.     Hackensack  (Ger.),  1874-7. 

Ricketts,  J.  H.    S.S.  Princetown,  1863-5,  w.  c.  1867. 

Riddle.  David  H..  b.  Martinsburg,  Va.,  Apr.  14,  1805;  J.C.  23,  P.S.  28,  I. 
Presbyt.  of  Winchester;  (Winchester,  28-33,  Pittsburgh,  3d,  33-57), 
Jersey  City,  1st,  57-62,  (Pres.  of  Jefferson  Coll.  62-5,  Prof,  of  Moral 
Philosophy  in  Washington  and  Jefferson  Coll.  65-8,  Canonsburgh,  63-8, 
Martinsburgh,  Va.,  68-79.  Died  July  16,  1888. 
D.D.  by  Marshall  Coll.  43.     LL.D.  by  R.C.  63.    See  "N.  Y.  Evangelist,  ' 

Aug.  1888,  and  "N.  Y.  Observer,"  July  26,  1888. 

Publications:    "The  Pilgrims  and  their  Principles."    1850. — "Our  Coun- 
try, for  the  Sake  of  the  World."    1851. — "Ground  of  Confidence  in  Foreign 

Missions."    1851.    "Before  Am.  Bd." — Ser.  at  Installation  of  Rev.  Dr.  Ab. 

Polhemus."     1857. — "Such  a  Time  as  This."     Thanksgiving  Sermon.    1859. 

Riddle,  Matthew  B.   (s.  of  David  H.  Riddle),  J.C.  1852,  Alleghany  S.  and 
N.B.S.  59,  1.  CI.  Bergen;  Heidelberg  University  (Europe),  60-1,  Chap- 
lain in  the  army,  61,  Hoboken,  61-5,  Newark,  2d,  65-9,  in  Germany, 
69-71,  Prof,  in  Hartford  Theological  Seminary.  71-87.      (In  1878  dis- 
missed from  CI.  Newark  to  Hartford  South  Assoc.  Cong.  Ch.)    Prof, 
of  N.  T.  Exegesis  in  Alleghany  Sem.  (Presbyt.)  1887 .    Now  Presi- 
dent of  the  Faculty. 
Publications:     "Lange's    Commentary":    American    edition.     Vol.  V. 
Epistle  to  the  Romans.    (Added  Textual  Notes,  from  chap.  5  onward;  edi- 
ted, with  additional  Notes,  from  chap.  6  onward.)     1869.     "Lange's  Com- 
mentary"; Am.  ed.  Vol.  VII.;  Epistles  to  the  Galatians,  Ephesians,  Philip- 
pians  and  Colossians.     (Edited  Galatians;  translated  and  edited  Ephesians 
and  Colossians ;  all  with  additional  Notes.)     1870.     "Notes  on  the  Interna- 


674  THE    MINISTRY 

tional   Sunday   School   Lessons,"   for   Congregational    Publishing   Society. 
1877,  1878,  1879,  i88o,  1881.     New  Testament  portions.     ''The  International 
Illustrated  Commentary."     Four  volumes:    1879-1883.     (Vol.  I,  1879,  con- 
taining the  Synoptic  Gospels  and  General  Introduction,  by  Dr.  Schaff  and 
M.  B.  R.    Vol.  Ill,  1882,  containing  the  Pauline  Epistles:    Romans,  Ephe- 
sians  and  Colossians,  contributed  by  M.  B.  R.,  the  first  named  in  connection 
with  Dr.   Schaff.)      "The  International  Revision   Commentary."     Vol.  II, 
1881 ;  the  Gospel  according  to  Mark.    Vol.  III.  1882 ;  the  Gospel  according 
to  Luke.   Vol.  VI,  1884;  the  Epistle  to  the  Romans.   "Meyer's  Commentary 
on  the  New  Testament."     American  Edition.     Vol.  II,  containing  the  Gos- 
pels of  Mark  and  Luke.     A  Harmony  of  the  Four  Gospels  in  Greek.     By 
Edward  Robinson.   D.D.,  LLD.    Revised   Edition.      1885.     A   Harmony  of 
the  Four  Gospels   in  English.     The    Same;    1886.     Revised.     Notes;    and 
Notes  from  R.V.     An  Outline  Harmony  of  the  Gospels,    With   Probable 
Time  and  Place  of  Events.     "Ante-Nicene  Fathers."     American  Edition. 
Vols.  VII  and  VIII.     "The  Nicene  and  Post-Nicene  Fathers."     American 
Edition,  first  series.  Vols.  VI  and  X.  "Bible  Revision."  In  the  "Congrega- 
tionalism" Mar.  21,  1877.  "The  Greek  Verb  in  the  New  Testament."  In  An- 
glo-American Bible  Revision.  1879.  "The  Acts  in  the  New  Revision."  1881. 
"The   American     Company   of    New    Testament     Revisers."     In   "Pres- 
byterian Banner,"  Nov.  6,  1895.     "The  American  Revised  Version."     The 
same,  April  6,  1898.    "Hints  on  Bible  Interpretation."     "S.  S.  Times,"  Dec. 
13,   1879.      (Reprinted,  with  similar  article?  by  others,   in  pamphlet   form. 
"The  Bible  and  its  Study.")     "Hints  on  the  Study  of  the  Gospels."    "S.  S. 
Times,"  Dec.  17,  1887.    "Hints  in  the  Line  of  Wise  Bible  Study."    "S.  S. 
Times,"  Nov.  26,  1892.    "Hints  in  the  Line  of  Wise  Bible  Teaching."  "S.  S. 
Times,"  Jan.  7,  1893.     "The  Study  of  the  Epistles  of  Paul."     "Mid-Conti- 
nent," Oct.  25,  1893.     "Preparing  to  Teach  a  Bible  Class."    "S.  S.  Times," 
Nov.  27,  1897.    "The  Literary  Study  of  the  Bible."    "Prcs.  Ban.,"  March  2. 
1898.     "A  Roman  Catholic  Help  to  Bible  Study."     (Review  of  "Spencer's 
Version  of  the  Gospels.")     "Pres.  Ban.."   March  9,  1899.     "Studying  for  a 
Purpose."     "S.   S.   Times,"  Nov.  4,   1876.     "The  Spirit's  Help  in   Study." 
"S.  S.  Times,"  Nov.    iS.   1876.     "How  the  Spirit  Illuminates  the  Word." 
"S.    S.  Times,"    Nov.    25,   1876.     "  'Pickwickian'    Interpretation."     "Pres. 
Ban.,"  Feb..   1873.     "How  to    Read    the    Bible."     "Pres.   Ban.,"  May     \J. 
1893.    "The  Bible  in  the  Pulpit."    "Pres.  Ban.,"  June  21.  1893.    "Meditation 
in  the  Word."    "Pres.  Ban.,"  Jan.  9,  1895.     "Ignorance  of  Bible  History.' 
"Pres.  Ban.."  Oct.,  1894.    "A  Home  Bible  Class  Fifty  Years  Ago."    "Pres. 
Ban.,"  Oct.  9.   1897.    "Symposium  on  the  Ministry."    "How  may  the  Mm 
istry  Increase  its  Efficiency  and  Usefulness."   No.  IV.    (A  plea  for  Exegeti- 
cal  Study.)    "Homiletical  Review."  June,  1886.— Articles  in  American  Sup- 
plement to  "Encyclopedia  Britannica."     New   Testament;    Paul;   Pastoral 
Epistles;  Hebrews;  Peter;  Epistles  of  Peter;  Revelation.     "Nelson's  Illus- 
trated Bible  Treasury."  1896.    The  Gospels:  The  Catholic  Epistles.   "Uncial 
Manuscripts  of  the  New  Testament."    A  Chart,  showing  the  age,  designa- 
tion, name,  and  extent  of  each.    "Schaff-Herzog  Encyclopedia."     Hellenis- 
tic Idiom;  Hellenists.     "Striking  Peculiarities  of  New  Testament  Greek." 
Read  before  and  published  by  the  General  Association  of  Connecticut.  1879 


THE    MINISTRY.  675 

"Training  in  Textual  Criticism."  "Pulpit  Treasury,"  Oct.  and  Nov.,  1883. 
"What  did  the  Angels  Say?"  (Discussion  of  text  Luke  2:  14.)  "The  In- 
dependent," Dec,  1873.  "Jesus  at  Bethesda."  (Discussion  of  John  5  :  3,  4 .) 
"The  Congregationalist,"  July,  1875.  "The  Only  Begotten  Son,  or,  God 
Only  Begotten."  (Text  of  John  1  :  18.)  "S.  S.  Times,"  March  20,  1886. 
"The  Chronology  of  Our  Lord's  Life  on  Earth."  "S.  S.  Times,"  June  9, 
1894.  "The  Gospel  according  to  Luke :  Its  Peculiarities."  "Pilgrim 
Teacher,"  Jan.,  1890.  "Critics  and  the  Story  of  Christmas."  "Independ- 
ent," Dec.  21,  1871.  "Authenticity  of  the  Book  of  Acts."  "S.  S.  Tunes," 
Sept.  30,  1876.  "The  Evidential  Value  of  the  Book  of  Acts."  "S.  S.  Times," 
Jan.  27,  1883.  (Reprinted  in  "Meyer's  Acts."  Amer.  Ed.)  "Antioch  as  a 
Centre:  The  Divine  Strategy  of  Missions."  "S.  S.  Times,"  April  21,  1883. 
"The  Contention  between  Paul  and  Barnabas."  "S.  S.  Times,"  Jan.  19, 
1884.  "Symposium  on  the  Epistle  to  the  Romans."  No.  V.  "Homiletical 
Review,"  March,  1885.  "The  Closing  Days  of  Paul's  Life.;'  "S.  S.  Times, 
Nov.  25,  1893.  "The  Apostle  Paul  a  Lovable  Man."  "Pres.  Ban.,"  May  4, 
1898.  "Modern  Criticism  and  the  Fourth  Gospel."  "Magazine  of  Christian 
Literature,"  April,  1891.  (Review  of  Archdeacon  Watkin's  Bampton  Lec- 
tures.) "Lesson  Surroundings  and  Critical  Notes."  "S.  S.  Times."  (About 
two  hundred  articles  on  the  Sunday  School  Lessons,  from  the  New  Testa- 
ment, 1894  to  1000.  Still  in  progress.)  "Christ  the  Centre  of  Thought." 
"Pres.  Ban.,"  Dec.  27,  1871.  "Christ  and  the  Sabbath."  "Pres.  Ban.,"  June, 
1872.  "Our  Father."  "Congregationalist,"  Oct.  2,  1873.  "Misuse  of  the 
Sermon  on  the  Mount."  "Chr.  Int.,"  Feb.  1,  1872.  "The  Duty  of  Private 
Judgment."  "Chr.  Int.."  Aug.  12,  1873.  "On  the  Morning  of  Christ's  Na- 
tivity." "Pres.  Ban.,"  Dec.  25,  1872.  "Mark  the  Connection."  "Pres.  Ban.." 
June,  1873.  "Deliver  us  from  the  Evil  One."  "Pres.  Ban.,"  April  21,  1875. 
"Misapplied  Texts."  "Pres.  Ban.,"  May,  1875.  "Paul's  Precept  against 
Prosing."  "Independent,"  Oct.  II,  1872.  "The  Preacher's  Choice  of  Sub- 
jects." "S.  S.  Times,"  May  31,  1879.  "The  Sermon  as  a  Part  of  Worship." 
"S.  S.  Times,"  Oct.  25,  1879.  "Enthusiasm  in  Teaching."  "S.  S.  Times." 
Oct.  25,  1880.  "The  Ultimate  State  of  the  Redeemed."  Two  articles.  "S.  S. 
Times,"  Nov.  17  and  Dec.  4,  1886.  "The  True  Significance  of  Christmas." 
"Pres.  Ban.,"  Dec.  6,  1893.  "Forgetting  the  Things  which  are  Behind." 
"Pres  Ban.,"  Jan.  3,  1894.  "Jesus  Christ  and  Him  Crucified."  "Pres.  Ban.," 
March  7,  1894.  "Christian  Conversation."  "Pres.  Ban.,"  April  11,  1894. 
"Indiscriminate  Charity."  "Pres.  Ban.,"  Aug.  15,  1894.  "The  Passive  Vir- 
tues." "Pres.  Ban.,"  May  8,  1895.  "Helpful  Preaching."  "Pres.  Ban.," 
Sept.  4,  1895.  "Association  as  an  Aid  to  Worship."  "Pres.  Ban.,"  Aug. 
19,  1896.  "The  Christian  Ministry.  Washington-Jeffersonian,"  Jan.. 
1891.  "Intellectual  Immoralities."  "Pres.  Ban.,"  Jan.  13,  1897.  "Christian 
Candor  of  Mind."  "Pres.  Ban.,"  Feb.  17.  1897.  "Some  Misapprehended 
Texts."  (From  I  Timothy.)  "Pres.  Ban.,"  Feb.  13,  1895.  "Concerning 
Mary  Magdalene."  "Pres.  Ban.,"  March,  1895.  "The  Paramount  Purpose 
of  Preaching."  "Pres.  Ban.,"  April  28,  1897.  "An  Old  Fashioned  Virtue." 
"Pres.  Ban.,"  June  2,  1897.  "Our  Lord  as  a  Teacher."  "Pres.  Ban.," 
Sept.  1,  1897.  "Jesus  Asleep."  "Pres.  Ban.,"  Nov.  23,  1899.  "The  Year  of 
Conflict."     (In  Our  Lord's  Life.)     "S.  S.  T.,"  April  3,  1880.    "Music  and 


676  THE    MINISTRY. 

Spirituality."  "Pres.  Ban.,"  Oct.,  1873.  "The  Evangelists'  Emphasis." 
"Pres.  Ban.,"  March  15,  1900.  "Essentials  in  Preaching."  "Pulpit  Treas- 
ury," May,  1883.  "The  Work  of  the  Holy  Spirit."  " Westm.  Teacher," 
Dec,  1889.  Inaugural  Address.  Hartford  Theological  Seminary.  June, 
1872.  "The  Study  of  the  New  Testament  as  Conditioned  by  its  Divine 
Human  Character."  Published  by  the  Trustees  of  the  Seminary.  Address 
to  Graduating  Class  at  Mt.  Holyoke  Seminary,  June  21,  1877.  Bible 
Study  in  Our  Higher  Institutions  of  Learning.  Published  in  "Sun- 
day School  Times."  Memorial  Address  (James  B.  Hosmer),  at  the  laving 
of  the  Corner  Stone  of  Hosmer  Hall,  Hartford  Theological  Seminary,  May 
7,  1879.  "Hartford  Courant,"  May  8,  1879.  Inaugural  Address,  Western 
Theological  Seminary,  delivered  in  the  Third  Presbyterian  Church,  Pitts- 
burgh (Sixth  Avenue),  Nov.  15,  1887.  "Why  and  How  the  Theological 
Student  should  and  can  become  skilled  in  New.  Testament  Greek."  "Pres. 
Ban.,"  Dec.  14,  1884.  "Review  of  Nicene  and  Post-Nicene  Fathers,"  Vol. 
I.,  Second  Series.  "Eusebius."  By  Professor  A.  C.  McGiffert  and  Dr.  E. 
C.  Richardson.  "Presbyterian  and  Reformed  Review,"  April,  1891.  Un- 
signed Articles— about  two  hundred  and  fifty  in  number,  including  extended 
reviews  of  at  least  two  hundred  theological,  exegetical  and  homiletical 
works,  and  briefer  notices  of  about  four  hundred  others.  In  the  "Sunday 
School  Times"  for  the  most  part  (1876-1900)  ;  also  a  few  in  the  "Inde- 
pendent," "Nation,"  and  "Hartford  Courant." 

More  than  fifty  articles  on  incidental  topics  are  not  included  in  the  above 
lists.    The  total  of  separate  publications  is  about  seven  hundred. 

Riedel,  F.  W.  A.  N.B.S.  1858,  1.  CI.  N.Y. ;  S.S.  Jeffersonville,  58-61,  also 
at  Thumansville,  60-1 ;  became  a  Roman  Catholic;  returned.  1867.  Be- 
came Ger.  Ref.    (New  Albany,  1867.) 

Rieger,  John  Bartholomew,  b.  at  Oberingelheim,  Jan.  23,  1707;  matriculated 
at  Heidelberg,  Feb.  24,  1724,  as  a  student  of  philosophy;  matriculated 
at  Basle,  Ap.  20,  1724;  came  to  Philadelphia,  1731;  Philadelphia,  1731-4, 
supplied  also  Skippack  and  Germantown,  1733;  Amwell,  N.J.,  1734- 
39  (?)  Lancaster,  Pa.,  1739-43;  returned  to  Holland,  and  matriculated 
at  Leyden,  Mar.  20,  1744.  to  study  medicine;  returned  to  America, 
March,  1745;  supplied  Schaefferstown,  1746-.. .  He  also  preached  for 
the  disaffected  in  the  Raritan  Dutch  churches,  1736-7.    Died,  1769. 

Why  he  left  Heidelberg  University  for  Basle  University  so  soon,  is  not 
known.  The  congregation  at  Amwell  would  not  receive  him,  until  he  had 
made  an  apology  to  Boehm  for  intruding  in  the  church  of  Skippack.  This 
was  done  at  New  York  in  the  presence  of  Domines  Du  Bois,  Boel,  and 
Antonides.  He  also  then,  1734,  promised  submission  to  Classis  of  Amster- 
dam. He  was  at  Lancaster  during  the  Zinzendorf  movement,  into  which 
he  entered  heartily.  His  church,  therefore,  turned  against  him.  He  now 
went  back  to  Holland,  and  determined  to  study  medicine  at  Leyden.  He 
appeared  before  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  on  Nov.  5,  1743,  and  gave  an 
account  of  the  churches  in  Pennsylvania.  On  April  13,  1744,  he  wrote  out 
his  Report  for  the  Classis,  and  made  suggestions.     He   returned  to  Lan- 


THE    MINISTRY.  677 

caster  in  March,  1745,  to  practice  medicine.    The  church  was  now  occupied 

by  Schnorr.    "Dr.  Good's  Hist.  Refd.  Ch.  in  U.S." 

Ries,  Geo.  Adam,  b.  at  Heringen,  Ger.,  Oct.  18,  1846;  R.C.  72,  N.B.S.  75, 
1.  CI.  Schoharie;  Lawyersville,  75-8,  Scarsdale,  78-80,  (Heme  Miss,  to 
Poplar  Bluff,  by  Presbyt.  Bd.  80-3.    Living  at  Oakland,  Cal.) 

Riggs,  Alex.  Brown,  b.  Portsmouth,  O.,  1842 ;  Jeff.  Coll.,  63 ;  Aub.  Sem.,  69, 
U.S.  70,  Fort  Plain,  70-6.  For  other  details,  see  "Gen.  Cats,  of  Aub. 
and  Union  Sems.,"  and  "Who  is  Who." 

Riggs,  Chs.  Hart.    R.C.  1862,  N.B.S.  66. 

Riggs,  Jas.  Forsyth,  b.  at  Smyrna,  Turkey,  Oct.  4,  1852;  C.N  J.  ^2,  U.S.  78, 
lie.  by  Presb.  of  Morris  and  Orange,  78;  ord.  by  Presbyt.  Elizabeth.  78; 
(Cranford,  N.J.,  78-84),  Bergen  Point,  84-92,  Prof,  of  N.T.  Greek  in 

N.B.  Sem.  92-8,   (East  Orange,  Brick  Presb.  Ch.,  1898 ) 

Publications:    Inaugural  address  as  Professor  of  Greek,  N.B.S.  1882. 

Riley,  Isaac,  (s.  of  Rev.  H.  A.  Riley,  of  Montrose,  Pa.,  and  son-in-law  of 
Rev.  Joel  Parker,  of  Newark),  b.  in  N.Y.C.  Feb.  2,  1835;  Y.C.  5S,  U.S. 
61,  lie.  Presbyt.  1861 ;  (Wilmington,  Del.,  61-4,  Pottsville,  Pa.,  64-7 
Newark,  N.J.,  67-8,  all  Presbyt.)  ;  N.Y.C,  34th  street,  68-75,  (Buffalo, 
Westminster  Ch.,  1875-8),  d.  Oct.  23.     See  Manual  of  1879. 

Ritzema,  Johannes,  b.  1710;  ord.  by  CI.  Amsterdam,  July  20,  1744;  c.  to 
America,  1744;  New  York  City,  1744-84,  (but  absent  from  the  city 
during  the  Revolution),  Kinderhook,  1778-88.  Also  frequently  offici- 
ated at  Harlem,  Philipsburgh,  Fordham,  and  Cortlandt.  One  of  the 
original,  trustees  of  King's  (Columbia)  College,  1754.  Died  Ap.  10, 
1796. 

The  earliest  reference  to  him  in  the  "Minutes  of  the  Classis  of  Amster- 
dam," is  as  follows : 

Rev.  Ritzema.    Examination. 

1744,  July  20.  Art.  11.  Also  were  admitted  to  both  final  and  prepara- 
tory examination,  Rev.  John  Ritzema,  called  as  minister  at  New  York,  after 
a  sermon  on  Psalm  12:12;  and  Peter  Brink,  after  a  sermon  on  2  Tim.  2:19; 
in  the  presence  of  Rev.  Deputatus  Synodi,  Rev.  Cornelius  Houthof,  minis- 
ter at  Amsterdam.  Therein  they  each  gave  the  Rev.  Assembly  such  sat- 
isfaction, that  Rev.  John  Ritzema  was  ordained  to  the  Sacred  Office  of  the 
church  in  New  York,  with  the  laying  on  of  hands ;  and  Rev.  Peter  Brink, 
to  the  public  preaching  office,  as  a  licentiate.    Minutes  in  Vol.  XII.,  72. 

His  name  does  not  appear  in  the  printed  catalogues  of  Leyden,  Utrecht, 
or  Groningen.  There  was  a  Tiberius  Reitsma,  b.  1689,  who  matriculated 
at  Leyden  in  1714  for  the  study  of  Theology.  He  was  of  Friesland.  He 
subsequently  settled  at  Middleburg,  and  was  called  then  to  Amsterdam, 
being  installed  there  Oct.  19,  1728.  He  died  in  that  field  in  July,  1742.  The 
name  does  not  again  occur  in  the  "Catalogues"  until  1812,  when  Egbert 
Reitsma,  aged  16,  of  Haarlem,  matriculated  for  Theology.  In  1829,  there 
was  a  Johannes  Reitsma,  of  Haarlem,  also  entered  for  the  study  of  The- 
ology, and  a  Conrad  Reitsma,  1865,  of  Haarlem,  for  the  study  of  Mathe- 
matics and  Phvsics. 


678  THE    MINISTRY. 

He  arrived  in  New  York,  with  a  wife  and  three  children,  pending  the 
negotiations  for  a  Coetus.  The  Classis  of  Amsterdam  wrote  to  the  church 
of  New  York  a  very  flattering  testimonial  concerning  him.  He  was  a 
prominent  member  in  all  the  meetings  of  the  Ccetus,  and  felt  the  incapacity 
of  that  body  as  much  as  any  one,  (1748-53.)  In  September,  1753,  it  was 
proposed  to  make  an  effort  to  put  the  Coetus  on  a  better  footing,  and  to 
supply  all  deficiencies  in  its  constitution.  The  next  regular  meeting  (Sep- 
tember, 1754,)  was  appointed  for  the  handling  of  this  matter,  prior  to  all 
questions,  and  all  the  brethren  were  requested  to  be  present. 

But  during  this  interim  the  plans  of  the  Episcopalians  for  a  college,  to 
be  under  their  control,  but  supported  by  general  taxation,  reached  their 
consummation.  The  Hon.  Win.  Livingston  had  for  several  years  fought 
these  plans  through  the  press,  and  had  been  sustained  by  all  the  citizens 
except  the  Episcopalians.  He  showed  that  an  English  Church  Establish- 
ment was  lurking  under  the  scheme,  and  that  it  was  eminently  unjust  to 
charter  a  college  to  be  supported  by  all  the  people,  but  which  would  be  con- 
trolled by  a  single  sect.  The  Dutch  were  a  majority  in  the  Provincial 
Assembly,  and  the  charter  could  not  be  passed  without  their  help.  They 
were  therefore  reminded  that  they  were  not  dissenters,  but  came  from  a 
State  Church,  and  they  alone  of  all  un-Episcopal  bodies  were  able  to  ob- 
tain church  charters.  The  Ministry  Act  of  1693  did  not  formally  establish 
the  Episcopal  Church  as  such,  and  by  name,  but  only  provided  for  the 
settling  of  a  ministry  by  law.  It  was  indeed  explained  by  a  subsequent 
Assembly  that  these  ministers  need  not  necessarily  be  Episcopalians.  The 
Dutch  Church  was  also  sometimes  called  the  Established  Church.  Now  it 
was  suggested  that  if  the  Dutch  helped  to  pass  the  charter  for  King's  Col- 
lege, they  might  have  a  Professorship  of  Divinity  in  the  said  college,  and 
educate  their  ministers  there,  without  the  trouble,  expense,  and  delay  of 
sending  them  to  Holland.  The  plan  seemed  eminently  desirable  in  certain 
aspects.  In  the  summer  of  1754.  Win.  Livingston  complains  that  the  Dutch 
had  deserted  him  in  his  protests  against  such  a  college. 

In  September,  1754,  the  Ccetus  met  according  to  appointment  to  discus 
the  propriety  of  establishing  an  American  Classis  for  the  Dutch  churches. 
Ritzema  was  president.  The  plan  of  a  Classis,  as  proposed  and  discussed, 
was  unanimously  approved  .  The  old  Ccetus  was  a  useless  body;  it  had  no 
foundation  in  the  church  order;  it  could  pass  no  final  sentence;  it  could  not 
of  itself  ordain.  The  proposition  for  a  Classis  was  sent  to  the  respective 
churches  for  their  decision,  being  signed  by  Ritzema  and  Verbryck  as  offi- 
cers. They  and  two  others  were  also  appointed  a  committee  to  meet  on  the 
1st  of  April,  1755,  to  canvass  the  votes  of  the  churches  upon  this  matter. 

When  the  proposition  was  brought  before  the  church  of  New  York,  (Oct 
1,  1754).  the  Consistory  declared  that  if  a  Coetus  were  useless,  they  be- 
lieved a  Gassis  would  be  still  more  so,  and  they  would  abide  under  the  old 
condition,  subordination  to  the  Gassis  of  Amsterdam.  They  released  De 
Ronde  from  his  obligations  to  the  Coetus  as  stipulated  in  his  call,  and  Ri<- 
zema  and  De  Ronde,  with  two  elders,  were  to  write  to  the  Gassis  of  Am- 
sterdam concerning  the  position  of  the  New  York  Consistory  in  this  matter. 
The  same  committee  were  "to  present  a  petition  to  the  Assembly,  requesting 


THE    MINISTRY.  679 

liberty  to  have  a  Professor  of  Divinity  for  the  Low  Dutch  Church,"  in 
connection  with  the  new  college.  On  Oct.  17,  this  committee  wrote  to  Hol- 
land, expatiating  on  the  uselessness  of  the  Coetus,  the  necessity  of  a  learned 
ministry,  that  American-made  ministers  would  bring  about  a  total  separa- 
tion of  the  Church  from  Holland,  that  partisanship  ruled  the  Ccelus;  and 
hence  they  renewed  their  old  relations  to  the  Classis,  and  hoped  that  the 
request  of  the  Coetus  for  a  Classis  would  not  prosper.  But  they  do  not  men- 
tion in  this  letter  their  own  petition,  two  weeks  before,  for  a  professorship 
in  King's  College ! 

On  Oct.  24,  their  petition  to  the  Assembly  was  considered  and  received 
with  apparent  favor.  But  in  the  charter,  signed  Oct.  31,  the  Dutch  profes- 
sorship does  not  appear !  Wm.  Livingston  had  warned  them  "that  all  their 
pretenses  to  sisterhood  and  identity  were  fallacious  and  hypocritical."  It 
was  because  of  these  circumstances  that  Theodore  Frelinghuysen,  of  Al- 
bany, took  the  course  which  he  did.  (Frelinghuysen,  Theodore.)  But 
the  probability  that  the  Dutch  would  secure  a  college  of  their  own,  to  the 
ruin  of  King's  College,  led  Ritzema,  on  his  own  responsibility,  to  make 
another  attempt,  and  also  prompted  the  Episcopalians  eagerly  to  grant  his 
request  for  this  professorship,  May  7,  1755.  But  the  mass  of  the  people 
were  now  disgusted  at  the  duplicity  which  had  been  manifested,  and  Rit- 
zema's  own  Consistory  severely  censured  him  for  his  unauthorized  con- 
duct. The  professorship  was  gained  indeed  by  an  amendment  to  the  col- 
lege charter,  but  an  indignant  people  would  have  nothing  more  to  do  with 
it.  No  minister  of  the  Dutch  Church  graduated  from  King's  College  until 
after  the  Revolution — a  generation  later.     (Bassett.) 

Ritzema  and  his  friends  were  now  left  in  an  awkward  predicament.  They 
had  seceded  from  the  Coetus,  and  their  final  success  concerning  the  pro- 
fessorship in  King's  College  was  a  useless  victory.  The  peculiar  circum- 
stances also,  perhaps,  drove  the  Coetus  to  some  rash  actions,  but  for  the 
division  of  the  Church,  and  the  tedious  Coetus  and  Conferentie  strife, 
(1775-71),  Ritzema  was  declared  responsible.  ("Centennial  Disc,"  p.  78.) 
The  Coetus  now  resolved  itself  into  a  Classis,  (1755),  and  assumed  all 
powers  belonging  thereto.  Ritzema  and  a  few  others  wrote  letters  annually 
to  Holland  as  a  Conferentie,  (or  an  unorganized  band  of  conferring  min- 
isters,) and  in  1764,  after  two  unsuccessful  attempts  of  the  American  Clas- 
sis to  bring  them  into  their  body,  these  conferring  ministers  organized  them- 
selves into  an  Assembly  subordinate  to  the  Classis.  They  claimed  to  be 
the  original  Coetus.  They  had  the  Minute-Book  of  the  Coetus,  and 
recorded  their  own  letters  and  acts  therein.  A  pamphlet  controversy 
sprung  up  between  Rev.  John  Leydt  and  Ritzema  upon  the  questions  at 
issue.  (Leydt,  John.)  Until  1764,  no  elders  had  attended  the  meetings 
of  the  conferring  ministers,  (the  Conferentie.)  In  that  year,  anticipating 
the  failure  of  the  second  effort  for  union,  Ritzema  had  requested  his  Con- 
sistory to  appoint  elders  as  delegates,  but  they  utterly  refused,  and  Laidlie 
also  refused  to  join  the  new  assembly.  Ritzema  complained  of  this  not  a 
little.  Meyer's  independent  position  at  Kingston  was  also  very  disagree- 
able to  him,  and  he  was  largely  instrumental  in  securing  his  expulsion  from 
his  pulpit.     Ritzema  was  not  present  at  the  original  meeting  for  union  in 


680  THE   MINISTRY. 

October,  1771,  but  his  name  stands  first  on  the  list  of  those  who  signed  the 
Articles  of  Union,  (after  their  ratification  by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,) 
in  June,  1772.  After  this  he  worked  cordially  in  the  Synod  with  Leydt, 
Meyer,  and  other  former  opponents. — "Amsterdam  Cor.,"  very  many  let- 
ters. "Minutes  of  R.D.C.  N.Y.,"  1744-84.  "Moore's  Hist,  of  Columbia 
College,"  p.  25.  "Gunn's  Livingston."  "Sedgewick's  Life  of  Hon.  Wm. 
Livingston.''  "Centennial  Discourses,"  p.  62-101. — "Minutes  of  Coetus  and 
Conf.  and  of  the  early  Synod."  "Genealogy  and  Biog.  Rec,"  ix.,  101,  102. 
"Year-Book  of  Collegiate  Ch.,"  1884,  68. 

Publications  :  "Ware  Vryheyt  tot  Vrede"  beantwoort,  ofte  kortbondige 
wederleggig  van  het  boekje  van  Do.  Johannes  Leydt  waarin  klaarlyk  word 
aangewezen  dat  vrede  zonder  waarheyt  niet  mag  gezogt  worden.  Zynde  die 
Vergadering  waarvoor  zyn  E.  oykomt  nog  Ccetus  nog  geauthorizeerd  omte 
examineren  nog  promoveren.  Door  liefhebbers  van  Waar  heiden  Vrede. 
Niew-York,  1761.  Or,  Reply  to  "True  Liberty  the  Way  to  Peace,"  or  "A 
Short  Refutation  of  the  little  book  of  Rev.  John  Leydt,  wherein  is  plainly 
shown  that  peace  destitute  of  truth  may  not  be  sought,  inasmuch  as  the 
assembly  which  his  Reverence  advocates  is  not  a  Ccetus,  and  has  no  author- 
ity to  conduct  examinations.  By  lovers  -of  truth  and  peace."  New  York. 
Printed  by  H.  Gaine.  1761. — Aan  den  Eerwarden  Do.  Johannes  Leydt. 
Philadelphia,  1763.  Or,  "To  the  Rev.  John  Leydt,  Minister  at  New  Bruns- 
wick." i2mo,  pp.  38.  Phil.,  1763.  This  was  Ritzema's  rejoinder  to  Leydt's 
second  pamphlet  of  1762. — Extract  uit  de  Handelingen  van  het  Hoog  Eer- 
waarde  Christelyke  Synode,  van  Noord-Holland,  gehouden  te  Edam,  van 
den  26th  July  tot  den  4  Augustus,  1763.  Met  een  nodige  voor  afspraah  aan 
de  nederduitse  Gemeentens  in  de  provincien  van  Niew  York  en  Niew-Jer- 
sey,  door  Johannes  Ritzema.  New  York,  1765.  Or,  "Extract  from  the 
Acts  of  the  Rev.  Christian  Synod  of  North  Holland,  held  at  Edam,  July 
26-Aug.  4,  1763,  with  a  necessary  introduction  to  the  Dutch  churches  of 
N.Y.  and  N.J.,  by  John  Ritzema.    i2mo,  pp.  16.    N.Y.,  1765. 

We  append  here  the  title  of  the  letter  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  which 
is  in  harmony  with  the  three  pamphlets  of  Ritzema,  and  against  those  of 
Leydt. 

Brief  van  de  Wel-Eerwaarde  Classis  van  Amsterdam,  aaue  de  E.  Heeren, 
predikanten  en  ouderlingen  in  de  provincien  van  Niew-York  en  Niew  Jer- 
sie.  die  zich  Ccetus  noemen.  N.Y.,  1765.  Or.  Letter  from  the  Rev.  Classis 
of  Amsterdam  to  the  Rev.  Ministers  and  Elders  in  the  Provinces  of  New 
York  and  New  Jersey,  who  call  themselves  the  Ccetus.  121110,  pp.  15.  N.Y. 
1765. — Answer  to  the  Remonstrance  of  Abel  Hardenbrook  and  others 
against  preaching  in  English  in  the  R.D.C.  in  N.Y.  "Doc.  Hist.,"  N.Y., 
iii.  310-314.  Sept.  23,  1767. — A  Sermon  preached  at  Collum,  Feb.,  1741, 
and  in  New  York,  Jan.  15,  1755.  (MSS.  in  State  Library,  Albany.)  — 
Many  letters  in  the  "Amsterdam  Correspondence. 
Robb,  John.     North  Hempstead,  1835-7,  S.S.  at  Unionville,  1839.     He  died 

in  his  60th  year. 
Robbins,  S.,  died  1830. 
Roberts,  Herbert  Bennett,  b.   Brooklyn.    N.Y.,  Oct.    18,    1870;   R.C.   qi, 


THE    MINISTRY.  68l 

N.B.S.  94,  I.  CI.  Ulster;  Berne  and  Beaverdam,  N.Y.,  94-1901,  Scotia, 

N.Y.,  1901 

Robertson,  Noel.     C.C.   1823.  P.S.   1826;  Wilmington,  N.C.,  1826-8,  Miss. 

to  Manayunk,  1828,  d.  Oct.    See  Manual  of  1879.     "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  iii., 

321. 
Robertson,  Samuel,  b.  near  Troy,  N.Y.,  Mar.  28,  1784;  W.C.  1812,  P.S.  15, 

(Huntington,   N.J.,  16-23,  Miss,  at  White  Plains,  23-5,  Dryden,   N.Y., 

-5-34,   Stillwater,  N.Y.,  34-5),   Canajoharie,  35-9,   Schoharie,   1839-43, 

Westerlo,  43-8,    (Miss,  in   Wis.  48-9,  Winnecounee,  Wis.,   49-66),   d. 

Sept.  23,  1869. 
Rockefeller,  De  Witt  G.,  b.  Albany,  N.Y.,  Sept.  30,  1852;  N.B.S.  82,  lie. 

CI.  Albany;  Norwood  Park,  111.,  82-84,  (Presbyt,  New  Scotland,  N.Y., 

84-88,   Whitehall,   N.Y.,  89-92,   Evangelistic   Work,  92-96,)    Cobleskill 

and  Lawyersville,  N.Y.,  96-98,  Stuyvesant,  N.Y..  1898 

Rockwell,  Charles,  b.  Jan.  17,  1821 ;  Y.C.  26,  A.S.  34,  1.  by  Andover  Assoc; 

(Chatham,  Mass.,  39-45,  Pelham,  N.H.,  54-5,)  Kiskatom,  60-6,  "Assoc. 

Ref."    D.D.  by  R.C.  1851.    Died  Ap.,  1882. 

Publications  :  Address  before  Greene  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Agricultural  Soc. 
1864.— Add.  before  Bible  Soc.  of  Greene  Co.,  N.Y.  1865.— "The  Catskill 
Mountains  and  the  Regions  Around  ;  Their  Scenery,  Legends  and  History ; 
with  Sketches  in  Prose  and  Verse  by  Cooper,  Irving,  Bryant,  Cole,"  etc. 
i2mo.  pp.  35.     1867. — "Foreign  Travef  and  Life  at  Sea." 

Rockwell,  Geo.,  b.  Lewisboro',  N.  Y.,  Jan.  17,  1821 ;  N.B.S.  51,  1.  CI.  West- 
chester; Waterloo,  N.  Y.,  1851-4,  Thousand  Isles,  54-77,  Jan.  1;  w.  c. 
Died  July  1,  1897. 

Before  entering  the  Seminary  he  was  a  teacher  at  the  Irving  Institute 
at  Tarrytown,  N.Y.  Deafness  compelled  him  to  give  up  the  pastorate  in 
1877.  He  then  made  his  home  at  Fulton,  OswegO'  Co.,  N.Y.,  until  1882, 
when  he  removed  to  New  York  City,  and  in  1885  to  Tarrytown,  where  he 
lived  until  his  death.  His  principal  work  was  done  at  the  Thousand  Isles. 
This  church  was  started  as  a  missionary  station  by  Dr.  Bethune  in  1847, 
and  was  organized  as  a  church  in  185 1.  His  self-denying  labors  in  that 
field,  for  23  years,  in  season  and  out  of  season,  with  his  soundness  in  the 
faith,  made  a  profound  impression  on  that  whole  community.  His  patience 
was  never  exhausted.  He  possessed  a  simplicity  and  sincerity  that  knew 
no  guile,  and  rare  good  sense  as  well  as  intellectual  ability.  His  resigna- 
tion was  received  with  general  sorrow.  He  wrote  with  great  facility.— 
"Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1898,  229. 

Publications:  "Ebenezer."  A  Hist.  Disc,  of  the  Church  of  the  Thou- 
sand Isles.— "Twenty  Years'  Ministry."  8vo,  pp.  27.  Watertown,  1874.- 
"Descriptive  Accounts  of  the  Localities  and  Scenery  Around  Alexandria 
Bay,  N.Y."    These  were  afterward  published  as  a  Guide  Book. 

Rodenberg,  F.  W.     Hartsburg,  1877. 

Roe,  Sandford  W.,  b.  Brooklyn,  Dec.  22.,  182O ;  U.N.Y.  47,  U.S.  51,  ord. 
by  Presb.  Catskill,  Aug.  18,  52;  S.S.,  N.  Bergen,  N.  J.,  51-2.  (Cairo, 
52-60,  Jamestown,  N.Y.,  60-6),   Germantown.   N.Y.,  66-8,   Brookfield, 


682 


THE    MINISTRY. 


68-70,   Middleburgh,   70-6,    Lebanon,    N.J.,    76-83,    (S.S.    Cairo,   83-9), 

Tyre,  91-2,  Plattekill,  1892 D.D.  by  U.N.Y.  1873. 

Roe,  Walter  C.  Miss,  at  Colony,  Okl.,  1897-1900,  Columbian  Memorial 
Ch.  at  Colony,  Okl.,  1900 

Rogers,  Ebenezer  P.,  b.  N.Y.C.  Dec.   18,  1807;  Y.C.  1837,  P.S.   1840.  lie. 
1840;   (Chicopee  Falls,  Mass.,  Cong.  1840-3,  Northampton,  1843-7,  Au- 
gusta, Ga.,  Presbyt.   1847-53,  Philadelphia,    1853-6;)    Albany,   1856-62; 
New  York,  South,  (5th  Av.  and  21st  St.,)  1862-81.    Died  Oct.  22,  1881. 
Elected  a  trustee  R.C.  1858.     D.D.  by  O.U.  1853. 
Publications:     "The  Obligations  of  the  Female  Sex  to  Christianity." 
1849. — "The  Doct.  of  Election,  stated  in  three  Discourses."     1850. — "Earn- 
est Words  to  Young  men";  in  a  series  of  Discourses.    1851. — "The  Precious 
Things  of  Peter."— "A  Pious  Mother."     1853.— Hist.  Disc.  R.D.C.  Albany. 
1857. — "The  Sovereignty  of  God  in  Calamity";  on  the  loss  of  the  "Central 
America."      1857. — ■"The    Dignity    of    Teaching."      1857. — "Everything    in 
Christ."    1858. — Annual  Ser.  before  City  Miss.  Soc.      1858. — Ser.  on  "Death 
of  John  Knox."     1858. — Letter  on  "Death  of  Dr.  Brownlee."    i860. — Disc 
at  Fun.  of  Mrs.  A.  B.  Talcott.     1861 — Ser.  and  Prayer  on  the  "Death  of 
Pres.  Lincoln."    1865. — "In  Voices  from  the  Pulpit." — Address  at  tiie  Semi- 
centennial of  Dr.  Hodge. — Many  contributions  to  the  press. — "The  Class- 
mates, or  The  College  Revival."     (1852?). 

Rogers,  John  Archibald,  b.  at  Oswegatchie,  St.  Lawrence  Co.,  N.Y..  Aug. 
9,  1855 ;  Syracuse  Univ.  1891,  Aub.  Sem.  94,  1.  Presbyt.  of  St.  Law- 
rence; Owasco,  N.Y.,  1893 

Publications:    "The  Story  of  a  Century,"  or  a  Brief  Hist,  of  Refd.  Ch. 

of  Owasco. 

Rogers,  Leonard.  N.B.S.  1832,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1832;  Catlin,  1832-3.  Sand  Beach, 
1833-34,  w.  c.  1838. 

Rogers,  Lester  Cortlandt,  b.  Waterford,  Ct,  Dec.  11,  1829;  W.C.  56.  ord. 
58,  by  Seventh  Day  Baptists;  N.B.S.  60  (pastor,  New  Market,  N.J.. 
57-68),  Leonardsville,  N.Y.,  68-72,  Milton,  Wis.,  72-6,  Evangelist,  Sab- 
bath Reformer  and  Lecturer.  Prof,  of  History  and  Civics  in  Alfred 
University,  88-98. 
Publications  :     "The  Golden  Link."  and  other  poems,  pp.  270,  1895. 

Rogers,  Robt.     Glenville,   1st,  1898 

Rogers,  Samuel  J.,  b.  at  Orford,  N.H.,  Aug.  27,  1832;  R.C.  59.  N.B.S.  62, 
1.  CI.  N.Y. ;  Battle  Creek,  62-5,  Geneva,  65-72,  Port  Jervis,  72-6,  Fort 
Plain,  76-9,  (pastor  of  Cong.  chs.  in  Iowa,  111.,  and  Minn.,  79-1900.) 
Sec.  of  Minn.  Cong.  Assoc. ;  also  Sec.  for  Church  Building  Soc.  for 
Minn.     Supplying  vacant  churches,  1900- 

Romaine,  Benj.  F.  R.C.  1842.  1.  Assoc.  N.Y.  and  Brooklyn.  1850;  Editor 
of  the  "American  Spectator"  at  Albany,  42-57,  S.S.  Canajoharie,  57-9, 
Canajoharie,  59-62,  Bound  Brook,  62-8,  Sec.  Coloniz.  Soc.  Ohio, 
68-70.  d. 

Romeyn,  Benjamin  (s.  of  Thos.  Romeyn),  b.  1774,  and  died  just  as  he 
finished  his  theological  studies. 


THE    MINISTRY.  683 

Romeyn,  Dirck,  (or  Theodoric,)  (brother  of  Thos.  Romeyn,  Sr.,)  b.  at 
Hackensack,  June  12,  (O.S.)  1744;  C.NJ.  1765,  studied  theol.  under 
J.  H.  Goetschius;  licensed  by  the  American  Classis,  1766;  Marbletown, 
Rochester,  and  Wawarsing,  1766-75,  also  occasionally  supplied  Upper 
Red  Hook  and  Red  Hook  Landing,  1773-5,  Hackensack  (1st,)  and 
Schraalenburgh  (1st,)  1775-84,  Schenectady,  1784-1804,  d.  Also  Lector 
in  Theology,  1792-7,  Prof,  in  Theology,  1797-1804,  April  16.  Elected  a 
Trustee  Q.C.  1785.    D.D.  by  R.C.  1789. 

He  possessed  a  mind  strong  and  energetic,  more  than  ordinarily  compre- 
hensive, and  capable  of  viewing  things  in  their  natures,  their  connections, 
their  dependencies  and  ends.  His  apprehension  was  quick  and  his  under- 
standing clear  and  informed.  His  judgment  was  sound  and  mature,  and 
his  memory  remarkably  retentive.  In  the  application  of  these  powers  of 
mind,  he  was  chiefly  bent  upon  his  professional  studies.  In  these  he  most 
delighted,  and  labored  most  of  all  to  excel.  He  was  versed  in  the  circles 
of  general  science,  well  read  in  history,  and  had  made  no  mean  attainments 
in  the  philosophy  of  the  human  mind. 

In  the  discharge  of  his  ministerial  functions  he  proved  himself  an  able 
minister  of  the  New  Testament,  a  watchman  that  needed  not  to  be  ashamed. 
As  he  had  loved  the  doctrines  of  grace,  and  had  experienced  their  power 
and  influence  on  his  own  heart,  so  also  he  insisted  on  them  in  his  public 
ministrations.  His  theme  uniformly  was  Christ  and  Him  crucified.  His 
manner  was  bold,  intrepid,  and  daring.  In  the  execution  of  his  duties,  he 
was  neither  daunted  nor  moved.  He  was  the  Boanerges  of  the  day.  When 
he  pronounced  Ebal's  curses  against  the  wicked,  it  was  like  the  thunders 
of  Sinai.  He,  however,  was  not  incapable  of  the  pathetic.  He  could  at 
times  move  the  heart  and  melt  the  audience  to  tears.  His  discourses  were 
solid  and  interesting,  oftentimes  enlivened  by  historical  anecdotes.  In 
the  introduction  of  these  he  was  peculiarly  happy.  He  always  entered  deep- 
ly into  his  subject.  His  delivery  was  animated  and  unaffected,  without 
ostentation,  and  becoming  his  subject.  He  aimed  at  nothing  but  what  was 
perfectly  natural. 

In  his  intercourse  with  the  world  he  supported  a  becoming  dignity.  In- 
dependence of  sentiment  marked  its  path  through  its  busy  rounds.  He 
knew  not  how  to  dissemble.  He  was  polite  to  all,  familiar  with  few.  This 
rendered  the  circle  of  his  intimates  contracted,  and  the  number  of  his  con- 
fidential friends  small.  In  his  conversation  he  was  interesting,  and  always 
instructive.  He  was  a  pillar  and  an  ornament  to  society.  Says  one  of 
him,  "He  was  unquestionably  the  first  man  in  our  Church,  among  the  first 
in  the  whole  American  Church." 

He  and  Dr.  Livingston  were  constant  correspondents ;  they  discussed 
by  letter  all  the  important  affairs  of  the  denomination,  during  its  formative 
period.  He  was  the  counselor  of  Senators,  the  adviser  and  compeer  of 
the  warriors  of  the  Revolution,  and  an  efficient  co-worker  with  the  patriot. 
He  took  the  lead  in  his  State  in  giving  an  impetus  to  the  support  and 
patronage  of  classical  learning  ;  he  was  greatly  instrumental  in  the  founding 
of  Union  College  at  Schenectady. — "Doc.  Hist.,"  iii..  600.     "Gunn's  Liv- 


684  THE    MINISTRY. 

ingston,"  ed.  1856,  p.  383.     "Taylor's  Annals."     "Sprague's  Annals."  "Cen- 
tennial of  N.B.  Sem.,"  424. 

See  Rev.  J.  B.  Romeyn's  Discourse  V.,  in  his  "Vol.  of  Sermons,"  1816, 
page  194,  on  his  father,  Rev.  D.  Romeyn.— Also  Rev.  J.  H.  Meier's  sketch 
of,  made  from  said  sermon. — See  also  Rev.  Th.  Romeyn's  "Hist.  Ch.  of 
Hackensack,"  and  Rev.  W.  E.  Griffis's  "Hist.  Ch.  of  Schenectady." 
Romeyn,  James,  (s.  of  J.  V.  C.  Romeyn,)  b.  at  Greenbush,  1797;  C.C.  1816, 
N.B.S.  1819,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1819;  Nassau,  1820-7,  Six  Mile  Run,  1827-33, 
Hackensack,  1833-6,  Catskill,  1836-4,  Leeds,  1842-4,  Bergen  Neck,  1844- 
50,  Geneva,  1850-1,  emeritus,  d.  1859.  Elected  a  trustee  of  R.C.  1842. 
S.T.D.  by  C.C.  1838. 
No  one  attempts  an  easy  task  who  would  depict  adequately  and  yet  briefly 
the  character  of  James  Romeyn.  We  do  not  expect  entire  success.  Mr. 
Romeyn  was  of  an  exceedingly  sensitive  temperament.  This  peculiarity 
measurably  unfitted  him  for  contact  with  a  rough  world,  but  gave  extreme 
ardor  to  the  pursuit  of  studies  he  loved,  and  rendered  him,  with  his  strong 
mental  endowments,  perhaps  the  most  eloquent  of  our  preachers — a  flame 
of  fire  in  the  pulpit.  His  utterance  was  rapid  in  the  extreme,  yet  in  all  his 
best  days  distinct,  his  posture  a  little  stooped,  his  eye  following  his  notes 
closely,  his  action  not  ungraceful,  but  vivacious  and  expressive.  His  style 
was  sententious,  full  of  Scripture,  of  which  a  leading  word  or  two  gave 
you  the  passage  and  its  use  in  the  argument.  His  quotations  and  allusions 
of  all  kinds,  and  his  abundant,  and  to  any  but  himself  almost  redundant, 
comparisons  and  figures,  so  characterized  his  sermons  as  to  render  them 
altogether  peculiar.  Sometimes  a  closing  sentence  gave  finish  and  power 
to  a  paragraph  or  argument.  Thus,  after  showing  how  science  fails  in  re- 
ligion, he  says :  "To  attempt  thus  to  back  revelation  is  like  holding  a 
lamp  beside  the  sun,  or  gilding  gold,  or  propping  the  Alps."  On  the  as- 
sumptions and  progress  of  Popery,  "There  is  a  sword  whose  edge  and  point 
are  penetrating  the  vitals  of  this  land,  whose  handle  is  at  Rome."  Discus- 
sing religious  form  without  religious  power,  he  concludes:  "We  may  be 
stable  as  a  pillar  and  conservative  as  salt,  and  prove  notwithstanding,  like 
Lot's  wife,  (whom  we  are  commanded  to  remember,)  a  living  body  trans- 
formed into  a  dead  mass,  and  be  nothing  but  a  monument  of  folly  and  dis- 
obedience after  all."  In  preaching,  an  irrepressible  fire  seemed  to  burn 
within  him,  ever  seeking  to  flash  upon  others  its  light  and  heat  in  every 
form  of  rapid  and  intense  expression.  "Divine  Redeemer,  set  me  as  a  seal 
upon  thy  heart !  My  soul  shall  make  her  boast  in  the  Lord !  The  humble 
shall  hear  thereof  and  be  glad !  For  me  to  live  is  Christ !  This  God  is  our 
God  forever  and  ever ;  he  shall  be  our  guide  even  unto  death  !  Remember 
thee !  If  I  forget  thee,  my  bleeding,  dying  Lord,  let  my  right  hand  forget 
her  cunning ! 

"Did  ever  pity  stoop  so  low, 

Dressed  in  divinity  and  blood? 
Was  ever  rebel  courted  so 

In  groans  of  an  expiring  God?" 

With   such  impetuous,  burning  words,  his  face  and  whole  system  in  a 


THE    MINISTRY.  O85 

glow,  would  he  preach  for  more  than  an  hour  commonly,  and  then,  while 
at  Catskill,  would  often  cease,  to  find  himself  completely  exhausted,  and  to 
be  helped  through  the  window  beside  the  pulpit  and  to  his  bed  in  the  par- 
sonage in  rear  of  the  church. 

Mr.  Romeyn  has  left  only  three  sermons  in  print.  General  Synod,  1842 ; 
the  American  Tract  Society,  1842 ;  and  "A  Parting  Memorial,"  1857.  fee- 
sides  these  we  have  his  extended  "Report,"  General  Synod,  1848,  which 
cost  him  great  labor ;  and  though  criticised  unmercifully,  its  suggestions 
have  been  abundantly  proved  wise  and  judicious.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that 
his  manuscripts  are  so  written  as  to  be  now  nearly  illegible.  They  are  writ- 
ten in  a  hand  so  fine,  as  to  show  that  he  had  eyes  of  microscopic  power. 
He  refused  the  D.D.  In  person  Mr.  Romeyn  was  tall,  face  large,  forehead 
large  and  retreating,  features  prominent,  eyes  grayish  blue,  hair  light 
brown,1  parted  from  the  right  side,  short,  neat  and  smooth.  He  was  a  man 
to  impress  you,  voice  full,  manners  ministerial,  but  modest  and  unstudied, 
conversation  turning  constantly  to  the  church  and  religious  themes.  He 
was  gifted  in  prayer,  and  his  asking  a  blessing  at  table  worth  a  journey  to 
hear.  He  very  seldom  indeed  spoke  anywhere  without  the  paper.  He  was 
disabled  by  paralysis,  at  Geneva,  1850,  and  this  attack,  acting  on  an  ex- 
tremely nervous  constitution,  gradually  destroyed  both  body  and  mind, 
until  after  some  years  of  suffering  he  was  admitted  to  his  rest. — Rev.  Dr. 
Anson  DuBois. 

In  the  Seminary,  it  is  said  of  him,  he  was  never  tardy  in  time,  nor  loose 
in  preparation.  In  his  intercourse  with  his  fellow-students,  he  was  blithe 
and  joyous,  with  an  unfailing  smile  of  gcod-fellowship.  He  was  never 
angry,  though  his  nature  was  impulsive.  His  early  efforts  at  sermonizing 
showed  the  budding  of  that  rich  and  exuberant  imagination  which  so 
eminently  distinguished  his  more  mature  efforts.  He  would  pursue  a  prin- 
cipal thought  into  its  successive  inferences,  associations,  corollaries,  and 
suggestions,  until  it  made  almost  a  complete  circle  of  Christian  doctrine. 
When  he  had  made  one  of  these  successful  efforts,  which  showed  him  to 
be  a  head  and  shoulders  taller  than  many  of  his  seniors,  he  did  not  seem  to 
be  aware  of  the  fact. 

As  a  preacher  he  never  occupied  as  conspicuous  a  position  as  his  abilities 
merited,  partly  on  account  of  shattered  health,  and  partly  because  he 
shunned  publicity.  His  rapid  and  impetuous  delivery  impaired  the  effect  of 
his  sermons,  but  his  mind  was  engine-like  in  its  workings. 

His  discourses  exhibited  great  intellectual  power,  being  always  well  pre- 
pared, full  of  the  marrow  of  the  gospel,  glowing  imagery,  and  brilliant 
thought ;  yet  his  wonderful  rapidity  of  utterance  seemed  at  first  to  confound 
the  mind,  as  it  required  the  closest  attention  to  follow  him.  He  always 
came  to  the  sanctuary  with  beaten  oil,  feeling  deeply  that  the  responsibility 
of  souls  was  upon  him.  His  conscientiousness  on  this  subject  prevented 
him  from  accepting  of  several  responsible  fields  which  were  freely  offered 
him.  His  illustrations  were  gathered  from  every  class  of  objects  in  the 
natural  world,  as  well  as  from  history  and  science.  Any  thing  forcible  or 
beautiful  found  by  him  was  marked,  and  found  a  place  in  his  reference- 
book,  and  hence  he  was  always  ready  with  a  store  of  apt  and  brilliant  im- 


686  THE    MINISTRY. 

agery.  Mis  clerical  brethren  were  happy  to  receive  from  him  the  messages 
of  salvation.  He  was  ever  instructive  and  encouraging  to  them,  and  his 
labors  were  highly  prized  for  their  elevating  and  ennobling  character.  On 
one  occasion,  rising  from  a  sick-bed  to  fulfill  an  engagement,  he  poured 
forth  a  tide  of  eloquence  for  more  than  an  hour,  and  sinking  exhausted  on 
his  seat  called  on  the  venerable  Dr.  Porter,  sitting  in  a  pew  near  the  pulpit, 
to  conclude  with  prayer.  Overwhelmed  with  the  big  thoughts  and  burning 
words  of  the  preacher,  he  commenced  his  prayer  with  an  earnest  thanks- 
giving for  the  feast  of  fat  things  which  they  had  received,  and  then  added, 
"But,  O  Lord,  thou  hast  given  our  dear  brother  a  mighty  mind  and  big 
heart,  but  thou  knowest  thou  hast  put  them  in  a  poor  weak  body.  O  Lord, 
bless  his  body,  oh !  bless  his  body,  to  keep  that  mind  and  heart  for  future 
service." 

With  his  tall  form  strung  up  to  the  highest  nervous  tension,  and  his 
tongue  pouring  forth  a  lava-tide  of  burnifig  eloquence,  he  was  one  of  the 
most  powerful  of  preachers,  not  noted  so  much  for  literary  polish,  or  for 
originality  in  fancy,  or  for  erudition  or  pathos,  but  almost  unequaled  in  the 
grander  sublimities  of  eloquence.    He  was  a  Boanerges. 

He  saw  the  great  system  of  revealed  truth  in  all  its  grandeur,  and  he  bent 
his  mighty  energies  to  set  it  forth  in  its  most  impressive  manner,  from  the 
time  he  entered  the  ministry  till  his  Master's  hand  was  laid  upon  him.  He 
made  as  much  preparation  to  address  a  little  gathering  in  a  country  school- 
house  as  for  the  great  congregation  on  the  Sabbath.  At  funerals  he  was 
always  happy  in  his  choice  of  subjects,  and  in  his  manner  of  presenting 
them.  In  some  of  his  flights  of  eloquence,  a  silence  like  that  of  death 
would  come  over  his  audience.  He  was  wonderfully  apposite  in  his  quo- 
tations from  Scripture,  and  the  passage  as  uttered  by  him  would  often  be 
fastened  on  the  memory  of  his  hearer  for  a  lifetime.  Equally  remarkable 
in  this  respect  was  his  power  in  prayer — the  richest  expressions  from  the 
word  of  God  pouring  from  his  lips. 

He  was  especially  noted  for  his  zeal.  He  was  an  earnest,  laborious,  and 
faithful  worker.  He  was  also  kind  and  attentive  to  the  suffering  and  dying. 
He  perhaps  expected  too  much  from  human  nature,  and  sometimes  seemed 
severe  in  expressing  his  views  of  the  actions  of  Christian  men.  He  saw  and 
felt  how  things  ought  to  be,  and  if  he  could  not  effect  these  changes,  it 
rendered  him  unhappy.  But  many  of  his  strong-  expressions  are  to  be  attrib- 
uted to  the  structure  of  his  mind,  for  he  thought,  and  wrote,  and  spoke 
in  figures,  often  warm  and  glowing. 

He  was  stricken  with  paralysis  while  in  his  chamber,  in  Geneva,  a  few 
days  before  the  time  fixed  for  his  ordination.    He  had  already  made  a  great 
and  most  favorable  impression  in  that  community.    From  this  time  di 
continually  tried  him;  his  nervous  system  was  all  unhinged,  and  wearisome 
days  and  nights  were  appointed  him. 

"Taylor's  Annals."  For  Memorial  Sermons,  see  "Chr.  Intelligencer." 
vol.  30,  Oct.  15,  1859. 

Publications:  "The  Crisis  and  Its  Claims."  lVi'me  Gen.  Syn.  1842. 
(See  "Princeton  Rev.,"  xiv.  632.)— "A  Plea  for  an  Evang.  Press."  Before 
Am.  Tract  Soc.     1843.— -"Report  on  the  State  of  the  Church."    1848.     Ap- 


THE   MINISTRY.  687 

pendix  to  "Mints.  Gen.  Synod."  A  most  elaborate  and  important  paper. — 
"Enmity  to  the  Cross  of  Christ."  1857. — Arts,  in  "Sprague's  Annals,"  on 
Drs.  J.  H.  Livingston  and  J.  V.  C.  Romeyn. 

Romeyn,  Jas.  Van  Campen  (s.  of  Thos.  Romeyn),  b.  at  Minisink,  1765; 
Schenectady  Academy,  1784,  studied  theology  under  D.  Romeyn,  1.  by 
Synod  of  D.R.  Chs.  1787;  Schodack  and  Greenbush,  1788-94,  Greenbush 
and  Wynantskill,  1794-9,  Hackensack  (2d),  and  Schraalenburgh  (2d), 
1799-1833,  d.  1840.     Elected  a  trustee  of  Queen's  Coll.    1809. 

He  was  one  of  the  four  sons  of  Thomas  Romeyn,  all  of  whom  studied  for 
the  ministry.  He  was  the  subject  of  religious  impressions  at  an  early  age, 
and  his  remarkable  stability  of  character  may  be  traced  to  the  influence  of 
a  conscience  correctly  trained,  and  views  of  truth  formed  in  the  light  of  the 
divine  testimony,  fondly  cherished,  and  carefully  and  consistently  applied. 
He  was  not  distinguished  so  much  for  energy  of  action,  for  eloquence  of 
speech,  for  vastness  of  conception,  as  for  originality  of  plan ;  yet  in  the  con- 
sideration of  his  character,  there  is  a  feeling  of  satisfaction  and  admiration. 
His  mind  was  correct,  his  judgment  clear,  his  plans  marked  by  usefulness, 
and  in  all  he  did  he  was  distinguished  for  a  large  predominance  of  high 
moral  qualities.  No  one  could  charge  him  with  rash  enterprise,  doubtful 
expedients,  personal  antipathies,  excited  words,  retaliating  acts,  or  irritating 
and  aggressive  measures.  The  proportions  of  his  character  were  in  admira- 
ble adjustment.  There  was  an  honesty  and  transparency  of  purpose,  a  self- 
control  and  calmness  in  manner,  a  steadiness  in  action,  and  directness  in  his 
policies,  which  constrained  respectful  attention  and  delicate  regard  for  his 
suggestions  and  avowals.  He  walked  with  God  in  the  cultivation  of  per- 
sonal piety.  During  a  double  charge  of  thirty-five  years,  it  is  not  known 
that  there  was  one  act  of  collision,  or  one  unkind,  unsettling  word  or  cir- 
cumstance in  his  congregations.  In  the  affairs  of  the  church  he  was  uni- 
formly the  ready  helper,  the  judicious  counselor,  the  pacificator.  Without 
the  form  of  judicial  authority,  he  wielded  an  influence  far  more  effectual, 
desirable  and  honorable.  Without  their  ever  having  seen  him  or  heard 
him,  he  was  called  to  the  distracted  churches  of  Bergen  Co.,  New  Jersey,  on 
the  ground  of  his  reputation  as  a  man  of  forbearance,  discretion,  and  piety. 
He  was  contemporary  with  Solomon  Froeligh,  at  Hackensack  and  Schraal- 
enburgh, for  nearly  thirty  years,  and  was  the  nearest  witness  of  the  sad  se- 
cession which  has  so  long  afflicted  those  localities.  Tt  became  his  duty, 
indeed,  to  present  this  matter  to  Synod,  for  their  action.  He  was  inflexible 
where  principle  was  involved ;  yielding,  where  it  was  not.  A  casual  acquaint- 
ance would  not  understand  his  merits.  His  whole  disposition  led  to  retire- 
ment and  a  noiseless  course  of  life.  His  disinterestedness  was  frequently 
and  nobly  displayed.  In  the  summer  of  1832,  he  was  struck  with  paralysis, 
and,  though  partially  restored,  a,nd  able  to  officiate  again,  yet  a  second  at- 
tack, in  April,  1833,  compelled  him  to  cease  from  labor.  His  last  effort  to 
preach,  at  a  communion  season,  touched  every  heart  most  deeply.  What- 
ever he  had  intended  to  say,  he  burst  forth  in  the  cry,  "Have  pity  on  me,  O 
my  friends!  for  the  hand  of  God  has  touched  me!"  and  his  utterance  was 
soon  choked.    From  the  day  his  tongue  refused  to  speak,  he  yielded  up  all 


688  THE    MINISTRY. 

his  perquisites — a  fair  specimen  of  his  generosity.  Few  men  exceeded  him 
in  the  power  of  scriptural  illustration,  and  ability  to  weave  the  phraseology 
of  the  Bible  into  the  structure  of  his  sentences  ;  in  concentrating  thought 
and  giving  an  attractive  flavor  and  raciness  to  his  productions.  He  took  a 
very  active  part  in  the  endowment  of  Queen's  College,  in  1810.  The  last 
eight  years  of  his  life,* he  was  a  paralytic:  but  the  same  patience  and  meek- 
ness, the  same  calm  and  tranquillizing  hope,  became  more  conspicuous. — 
"'Taylor's  Annals."     "Sprague's  Annals." 

Publications  :  "Address  to  the  Students  Theolog.  Sem."  "Mag. 
R.D.C.."  iv.  202. — "A  Manifesto,"  pub.  in  the  Bergen  Co.  papers. 

Romeyn,  Jeremiah  (nephew  of  Thomas  Romeyn),  b.  in  N.Y.C.  1768; 
studied  under  D.  Romeyn  and  H.  Meyer,  1.  by  Syn.  R.D.  Chs.  1788; 
Linlithgo,  1788-1804,  Upper  and  Lower  Red  Hook,  1794-1806,  Harlem, 
1806-14.  supplied  Schoharie  Kill  and  Beaverdam  (Roxbury),  1814-17, 
supplied  Woodstock,  Dec.  1817-Feb.  1818.  died  in  July,  1818.  Also 
Prof,  of  Hebrew,  1804-18. 

"He  was  a  man  of  imposing  personal  appearance,  of  full  habit,  grave, 
dignified,  and  graceful.  His  head  was  finely  formed;  his  visage  dark,  with 
a  dark-blue,  powerful  eye,  well  set  under  an  expanded  brow :  his  counte- 
nance florid;  his  hair  full  and  white"  (1812),  "and  usually  powdered  when 
entering  the  pulpit,  or  associating  with  gentlemen  of  the  olcien  school." 

With  an  excellent  voice  of  large  compass,  and  with  a  deliberate  manner, 
he  was  an  interesting  and  pleasing  speaker.  He  preached  without  notes. 
He  was  able  to  combine  divers  styles  of  sermonizing  and  manner  in  a  single 
discourse — the  didactic,  descriptive,  discursive,  and  illustrative.  He  would 
sometimes  begin  with  an  exordium  remotum,  like  the  Dutch,  then  reason 
calmly  and  closely,  in  the  English  style,  and  perhaps  finish  with  the  lively 
and  picturesque  manner  of  the  French.  He  was  entirely  self-possessed,  and 
manifested  profound  thought  in  his  preaching. — "Sprague's  Annals." — 
"Centennial  of  N.B.  Sem,"  427. 

Romeyn,  John  Brodhead  (s.  of  Dirck  Romeyn),  b.  1777;  C.C.  1795,  studied 
under  Livingston,  1.  CI.  Albany,  1798;  Rhinebeck  Flats,  1799-1803, 
(Schenectady,  Presbyt.  1803-4,  Albany,  Presbyt.  1804-8,  New  York. 
Cedar  St.,  Presbyt.  1808-25).  d.  Trustee  C.C.  1809-25;  Clerk  of  C.C. 
1811-15 ;  Trustee  C.N.J.  1809-25.     S.T.D.  by  C.N.J.  1809. 

He  left  the  Dutch  connection,  accepting  a  call  to  the  Presbyterian  Church 
of  Schenectady,  that  he  might  be  near  his  aged  father  to  soothe  him  in  his 
declining  days.  The  venerable  professor  rejoiced  at  the  opening  usefulness 
and  honors  of  his  only  son.  He  was  called  in  a  few  years  to  New  York. 
His  friends  trembled  for  the  result  of  this  bold  experiment.  His  people 
consisted  of  some  of  the  most  enterprising  and  spirited  men  of  the  city. 
But  here  his  genius,  his  power  of  discrimination,  his  decisive  and  energetic 
mind,  and  his  eloquence,  gained  him  attention  and  success.  Humility,  meek- 
ness, and  consummate  discretion  tempered  the  more  rigid  traits  of  his 
decisive  and   intrepid   soul.      Tt   was   a  new   congregation,   under   the   very 


THE    MINISTRY.  OOy 

shadow  of  the  church  of  the  renowned  Dr.  Mason.  Yet  he  collected  and 
bound  together  a  loving  people,  and  was  the  successful  instrument  in  melt- 
ing them  down  to  the  obedience  of  the  cross.  He  maintained  his  eminent 
position  amid  all  the  talent  and  eloquence  of  the  mart  of  America.  His 
people  ever  adhered  to  him,  declaring  that  he  was  their  first  pastor,  in 
every  respect.  Yet  he  had  his  trials.  An  acute  sensibility  had  been  cher- 
ished until  it  became  morbid ;  which,  combined  with  intellectual  and  bodily 
labors,  brought  him  to  a  comparatively  early  grave.— See  "Sprague's 
Annals."  In  "The  Evangelist,"  July,  1881,  there  is  a  sketch  of  the  Cedar 
St.  Presbyterian  Church,  of  which  the  Presbyt.  Ch.  of  Fifth  Av.  (the  late 
Dr.  John  Hall's)  is  the  continuation. 

Publications:  "A  Tribute  to  the  Truth."  On  the  Controversy  with 
Episcopacy.  1809.  See  "Christian's  Mag.,"  ii.  429-441.— "The  Danger  and 
Duty  of  Young  People."  1810—  "The  Good  Samaritan."  A  ser.  for  bene- 
fit of  N.  Y.  Dispensary.  1810—  "Exhortation  to  the  People."  At  the 
install,  and  ord.  of  Rev.  Gardiner  Spring.  1810.— A  Ser.  at  the  Opening 
of  the  Gen.  Assembly.  1811.— Sermons.  2  vols.  8vo,  pp.  434  and  440-  N.Y., 
1816. 

Romeyn,  Theodore  B.  (s.  of  Jas.  Romeyn)  ;  b.  Oct.  22,  1827,  R.C.  46,  N.B.S. 
49,  1.  CI.,  Bergen;  Blawenburg,  49-65,  Hackensack,  1st,  65-85,  died 
Aug.  29.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1869. 

Publications  :  Historical  disc,  delivered  on  the  occasion  of  the  re- 
opening and  dedication  of  1st  R.D.C.  at  Hackensack.  1870. — "Centennial 
Disc."  preached  in  1st  Ref.  Ch.  Hackensack.  1872.— "The  Adaptation  of 
Ref.  Ch.  in  America  to  the  American  Character."  1876.  In  "Centennial 
Discs." 

Romeyn,  Theodore  F.,  b.  1760  (s.  of  Thos.  Romeyn)  ;  studied  under  Liv- 
ingston (?),  1.  by  Gen.  Meeting  of  Ministers  and  Elders,  1783;  Raritan 
and  Bedminster,  Nov.  1784-Sept.  1785,  d. 

His  ministry  was  unusually  spiritual  and  fervent,  and  was  closed  impres- 
sively in  his  sudden  and  early  death.  He  was  a  gifted  and  extraordinary 
young  man,  and  his  brief  career  left  a  deep  impression  on  many  hearts. — 
"Messler's  Mem.  Ser.,"  1783,  p.  32.  Some  "Elegiac  Verses"  concerning  him 
were  composed  by  a  lady,  and  published  at  the  request  of  a  member  of  one 
of  his  churches.  The  late  Rev.  George  J.  Van  Neste  possessed  a  copy. 
Romeyn,  Theodoric,  see  Romeyn,  Dirck. 

Romeyn,  Thomas  (Sr.),  b.  at  Pompton,  March  29,  1729;  C.N.J.  1750, 
studied  under  Goetschius  and  T.  »Frelinghuysen,  sailed  for  Europe 
April  11,  1752,  1.  CI.  Amsterdam,  Sept.  3,  1752;  Success,  Newtown, 
Oyster  Bay,  and  Jamaica,  1753-60,  Minisink,  Walpeck,  Smithfield,  and 
Deerpark,  Sept.  6,  1760-72,  also  occasionally  supplying  Clove  Station, 
Sussex  Co.,  N.  J.,  Caughnawaga,  1772-94,  d.  Oct.  22. 

After  preaching  a  few  times  on  Long  Island,  he  sailed,  in  April,  1752,  to 
Holland,  for  ordination.  At  his  settlement  on  Long  Island,  though  a  pru- 
dent man,  he  found  it  difficult  to  still  the  troubled  waters.    His  call,  also, 


69O  THE    MINISTRY. 

was  not  unanimous.  In  1757,  De  Ronde  usurped  authority  by  presiding 
at  a  meeting  of  the  disaffected  elements,  and  another  minister  was  called. 
Romeyn,  being  a  quiet  and  peaceful  man,  sought  freedom  from  the  strife  in 
another  field  of  labor.  His  call  to  the  churches  on  L.  I.  is  dated  Nov.  10, 
1752. — "Amst.  Cor."  "Taylor's  Annals."  "DeBaun's  Commem.  Sermon," 
in  "Mohawk  Valley  Democrat,"  Nov.  22,  1894. 

Romeyn,  Thomas,  b.  at  Caughnawaga,   1777   (s.  of  Thos.  Romeyn)  ;  U.C. 
1797,  studied  under  D.  Romeyn,  1.  CI.  Albany,  1798;  Florida,  1800-6, 

Niskayuna  and  Amity,  1806-27,  w.  c.  1827-57,  d. 
Nature  had  endowed  him  with  a  majestic  frame,  and  his  dignified  per- 
sonal appearance  was  calculated'  to  impress  those  who  met  him.  His  words 
were  weighty,  and  his  opinions  carefully  guarded.  In  business  affairs  he 
was  scrupulously  just  and  honest.  He  could  indulge  in  a  quiet  humor 
which  amused  the  social  circle,  or  gave  inimitable  point  to  some  keen  re- 
flection. Never  boisterous  nor  violent,  his  genial  spirit  flowed  like  a  peace- 
ful river.  He  was  fixed  in  his  views,  and  calmly  self-possessed  in  main- 
taining them;  a  thoughtful,  reflecting  man,  he  was  seldom  or  never  taken 
by  surprise.  Neither  in  personal  affairs  nor  in  the  councils  of  the  Church 
did  he  display  the  hurried  manner  and  action  which  betokened  impulse 
without  deliberation.  His  understanding  was  one  of  masculine  vigor.  He 
dealt  with  principles,  and  jealously  guarded  their  maintenance  and  applica- 
tion. His  preaching  was  eminently  scriptural  and  experimental.  His  peace- 
ful spirit  would  not  allow  him  to  indulge  in  controversy.  He  was  a  care- 
ful student  and  observer  of  the  constitution  and  order  of  the  Church.  His 
views  were  generally  far-reaching,  sagacious,  accurate,  and  consistent.  His 
opinions  were  always  treated  with  the  highest  respect  and  consideration. 
His  attainments  were  respectable,  and  his  reading  was  carefully  digested 
and  stored  for  use.  He  was  not  an  orator,  nor  did  he  aim  at  the  graces  of 
composition;  yet  he  could  enchain  an  audience  by  his  solemn  and  calm 
earnestness,  his  logical  argument,  and  his  forcible  appeal.  In  1827  he  was 
obliged  to  resign  pastoral  duties,  because  of  failure  in  health.  In  1843  he 
met  with  a  fall,  which  crippled  him  for  the  rest  of  his  life. — "Mag. 
R.D.C.."  i.  301. 

Publication:   "A  Charge  to  Rev.  Jas.  Murphy,  Glenville."    1826.   "Mag. 
R.D.C.,"  i,  301. 
Romondt  (or  Von  Romondt)  Chs.  Roeloff,  1).  at  Philipsburg,  St.  Martins. 

West  Indies,  Ap.  21,  182 1 ;  R.C.  41.  N.B.S.  45,  1.  CI.  New  Brunswick; 

Prof.  Modern  Langs,  in  R.C.  46-59,  Greenville.  N.  Y.,  59-61,  S.S.  Cold 

Spring.  X.  V..  Oct.  61-Jan.  63;  w.  c.     Died  at  St.  Martins,  W.  I.,  Nov. 

15,  1889. 
An  affection  of  the  throat  interfered  with  ministerial  duties.  For  twenty 
years,  1862-82,  he  served  in  a  Government  Department  in  Washington  un- 
der successive  political  administrations.  He  had  literary  tastes,  and  skill- 
fully employed  his  pen  in  the  preparation  of  articles  for  the  press.  He 
often  supplied  pulpits  in  the  vicinity  of  Washington.  He  was  "a  faithful 
friend,  and  always  the  polite  and  affable  gentleman."  "Mints,  of  Gen. 
Syn.."  1800,  102. — "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C."  1890.  16. 


THE    MINISTRY. 


6gi 


Roof,  Garret  L.  U.C.  1831 ;  Auriesville,  47-5°,  Port  Jackson,  50-5,  South- 
west Troy,  55-64- 

Roop,  Marcus  J.,  b.  Dayton,  Ohio,  Oct.  2,  1871 ;  Heidelberg  Univ.,  Tiffin, 
Ohio,  93,  N.B.S.  96,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  English  Neighborhood,  N.  J.,  96 

Roosa,  Egbert,  from  Presbyt.  of  Columbia;  Miss,  to  Shokan,  1828-30,  Sho- 
kan  (S.S.),  1831-4,  (Bath,  Presbyt). 

Roosevelt,  Washington,  b.  1802,  Bronxville,  1857-73,  w.  c.  Died  Feb.  11, 
1884. 

Root,  Oren,  b.  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  May  18,  1838;  Hamilton  Coll.  56;  lie.  by 
Presbyt.  Palmyra  (Synod  of  Missouri),  74,  ord.  by  same,  75;  (Glas- 
gow, Mo.,  75-..,  Salisbury,  Mo.,  ..-89,  both  Presbyt.)  Utica,  89-94, 
Prof,  in  Hamilton  College,  1889 

Rosegrant  (Rosenkrantz),  Elijah,  b.  1766;  Q.C.  1791,  studied  under  Liv- 
ingston, lie.  by  the  Partic.  Synod  of  D.R.  Chs.  1794;  became  a  physi- 
cian at  Paramus,  d.  1832. 

Rosenkrantz,  Ab.  Canajoharie,  1750-8,  Ger.  Ref.,  N.Y.C..  1758-9,  Scho- 
harie, and  Canajoharie,  1760-3,  Canajoharie  and  German  Flats  (same 
as  Great  Flats),  1763-96,  d.     Also  supplied  Stone  Arabia,  1759-69- 

On  Dec.  20,  1758,  forty  German  families  were  dismissed  from  R.D.C.  of 
N.Y.C.  to  establish  the  G.R.C.,  and  Domine  Ritzema  was  directed  to  install 
Rosenkrantz.— "Mints.  Ch.  N.  Y.  Eng.  Trans.  Lib.,"  B.  273-   "Amst.  Cor." 

His  name  was  at  first  written  Rosen  Krantz,  and  he  was,  at  the  time,  the 
foremost  divine  west  of  Schenectady.  He  was  a  graduate  of  one  of  the  Ger- 
man Universities,  and  a  man  of  much  learning  for  that  day.  From  1750- 
58,  he  preached  in  German,  at  Canajoharie.  He  had  a  brother,  also  a  min- 
ister, laboring  among  the  Germans  from  Schoharie  to  Utica,  at  the  same 
time.  In  1765  he  took  up  his  residence  in  German  Flats,  and  became  pas- 
tor of  the  Lutheran  Church  there.  He  married  Miss  Anna  M.  Herkimer, 
a  sister  of  General  Nicholas  Herkimer.  During  the  Revolution  he  was  sus- 
pected of  toryism;  but  his  family  relations  and  his  superior  intellectual 
ability  enabled  him  to  weather  the  political  tempests.  He  retained  his 
charge  until  his  death.  A  few  allusions  to  him  in  the  "Amsterdam  Corres- 
pondence." 

Rosenkrantz,  J.    From  Presbyt.  of  Utica ;  S.S.  Princetown,  1849-50. 

Rothenberger,  Israel,  b.  Sheffield  township,  Tippecanoe  Co.,  Ind.,  June 
23,  1857;  Heidelberg  Coll.  at  Tiffin,  O.  83,  Heid.  Sem.  85,  lie.  St. 
Joseph  Classis,  G.R.C.  85;  (Denver,  Ind.  85-6,  White  Pigeon,  Mich.  86- 
9,  Fort  Seneca,  O.  90-1,  Plymouth,  Ind.  91-9,  Lindsey,  O.  1889-1901, 
Carrolton,  O.  1901-2),  South  Bend,  Ind.  1902 

Rothenbergler  (Rothenbiihler),  Fred.,  b.  at  Berne,  Switzerland,  1726; 
studied  at  Berne,  ordained  1752  (Haag  and  Amsterdam,  Holland,  1759- 
60,  pastor  Ger.  Ref.  Ch.,  London,  England,  1760-1),  Ger.  Ref.  N.Y.C, 
1761-2  (Ger.  Ccetus),  Philadelphia,  Ger.,  1762-5  (?),  deposed,  d.  1766. 
— "Harbaugh's  Lives,"  ii.  386. 

Rou,  Louis,  b.  in  Holland  about  1683 ;  said  to  have  studied  theology  at 
Leyden,  but  his  name  is  not  in  the  "Catalogue" ;  ord.  by  Walloon  Synod 


692  THE    MINISTRY. 

of  Tertholen,  Aug.  31,  1709;  French  Ch.  of  New  York  City,  July  30, 
1710-50,  d.  Dec.  25. 

Zealous  and  talented,  the  young  pastor  looked  forward  to  a  useful  and 
happy  career  in  the  New  World.  Many  French  refugees  arrived  in  1710, 
and  the  French  Church  was  only  inferior  to  the  Dutch  in  numbers  and 
wealth.  Its  building  was  large  and  beautiful.  There  was  also  a  French 
Club  existing  in  New  York  at  this  time.  The  most  cordial  relations  ex- 
isted with  all  the  other  churches  of  the  city.  But  his  hopes  were  not  real- 
ized. His  young  wife  and  son  died  soon  after  his  arrival,  and  very  per- 
plexing difficulties  arose  in  the  church,  which  continued  for  many  years. 

In  1709  the  French  Church  of  New  Rochelle  conformed  to  the  Church 
of  England,  which  led  to  a  schism  in  that  church,  as  well  as  in  the  church 
of  New  York.  Mr.  Rou,  although  friendly  with  Episcopalians,  refused  to 
officiate  for  the  separatists  at  New  Rochelle.  This  displeased  some  of  his 
church  in  New  York,  and  they  compelled  him  to  receive  a  colleague  in  the 
person  of  Moulinaers,  1718,  and  who  was  more  pliable.  For  half  a  dozen 
years,  they  labored  amicably  together.  Rou  was  a  man  of  learning,  digni- 
fied and  decided.  Moulinaers  was  of  a  more  pacific  temperament.  (See 
Moulinaers.)  We  will  not  here  follow  out  the  difficulties  which  ensued. 
Diverse  accounts  are  given  of  them,  and  there  was  a  tedious  litigation 
about  the  original  contract  with  Mr.  Rou.  Mr.  Rou  retained  his  pulpit, 
and  his  salary  was  paid  him,  but  some  of  the  best  men  left  the  congrega- 
tion.   Those  who  opposed  Mr.  Rou  secured  the  enmity  of  the  Governor. 

Rouse,  Peter  P.,  b.  1798,  at  Athens,  N.  Y. ;  U.C.  1818,  N.B.S.  21,  1.  CI.  N.B. ; 

Florida,  22-8,  Brooklyn,  28-33,  d.  June  4.     See  Manual  of  1879. 
Rowan,  Stephen, 'b.  at  Salem,  N.  Y.,  1787;  U.C.  1804,  studied  under  J.  H. 
Meyer  and  Jer.  Romeyn,  1.  CI.  N.  Y.,  1806;  Greenwich,  N.Y.C.,  1807- 
19  (8th  Presbyt,  Christopher  St.,  N.  Y.  C.)    iq-25 ;   Sec.  of  Soc.  for 
Amel.  Condition  of  the  Jews,  25-35,  d.     S.T.D.  by  C.C.  1822. 
At  the  early  age  of  six  he  had  received  deep  impressions  of  religion,  hav- 
ing been  nurtured  in  truth  by  the  kind  and  faithful  instructions  of  a  pious 
mother.    At  Greenwich  his   zealous  and   faithful   labors   were  abundantly 
blessed,   but   at   length  an   unhappy   difference  caused    him    to   leave   that 
church,  and  to  found  the  Eighth  Presbyterian  Church  in  Christopher  Street, 
in  which  many  of  his  personal  friends  and  converts  of  his  ministry  united. 
Here  great  success  also  attended  his  labors.     For  many  years  he  was  the 
efficient  secretary  for  the  society  whose  object  was  to  ameliorate  the  con- 
dition of  the  Jews,  visiting  Europe  in  this  behalf. 

He  was  universally  recognized  in  the  community  as  a  man  of  perspicuous, 
commanding  intellect.  His  mind  was  characterized  by  clearness,  direct- 
ness, definiteness,  and  sound  common  sense.  He  went  directly  to  his  object, 
and  whatever  his  hearers  may  have  thought  of  his  public  exhibitions,  none 
could  doubt  the  meaning  of  his  remarks,  and  few  could  avoid  their  point. 
His  style  of  composition  was  remarkably  chaste  and  accurate,  adorned  at 
times  by  the  happiest  illustrations,  drawn  from  his  extensive  reading.  As  a 
friend  he  was  most  affectionate  and  faithful,  and  while  to  the  world  that 
had  often  cruelly  oppressed   him  he  might  sometimes  appear  to  cover  his 


THE   MINISTRY.  693 

heart  under  an  iron  mask,  yet,  to  trusted  friends,  he  was  warm-hearted, 
confiding,  and  tender.  It  pleased  God  to  try  him  sorely  in  various  ways, 
yet  he  did  not  weep  over  his  own  trials ;  but  he  would  shed  tears  of  sym- 
pathy with  others  in  their  misfortunes.  He  commended  himself  highly 
while  in  Europe  to  the  friends  of  truth,  who  spoke  of  him  in  terms  of 
warm  approbation.  The  exercises  of  his  mind  in  his  last  illness  were  char- 
acterized by  clear  and  sometimes  awful  views  of  the  nature  of  sin,  by  great 
humility  of  spirit,  and  tender  and  ardent  love  to  his  Saviour,  his  hopes  ever 
brightening  as  his  end  approached;  his  faith  strengthening,  and  his  con- 
versation being  peculiarly  rich,  solemn,  and  impressive. 

Publications  :  Two  Sermons  on  "Insensibility,  under  the  Calls  of  God 
to  Repentance."  1812.  A  Ser.  at  ord.  of  Rev.  Richard  V.  Dey.  at  Green- 
field, Ct.,  1823.— "Jacob's  Address  to  Laban."  A  Sermon  at"  Greenwich, 
N.Y.C.,  Aug.  9,  1818,  at  the  announcement  of  his  resignation.  1818.  In- 
cluding Appendix,  containing  several  acts  of  the  Consistory.  See  also 
"Reply  to  Rowan's  Ser.,"  being  a  Report  thereon  by  the  Consistory.  8vo, 
pp.  44-  1818.— "A  Review  of  the  Reply."  1819.— "Rowan's  Miscellany." 
See  "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  iv.  289.  Also  "Evang.  Guardian  and  Rev.,"  May. 
1817.— Disc,  on  the  death  of  Rev.  Dr.  J.  B.  Romeyn.  1825.— "Obsequies 
of  Adams  and  Jefferson,"  1826. 

Rowland,  Jonathan  M.,  b.  1804;  Beloit  Coll.  26,  P.S.  28;  South  Brooklyn 
1851-3,  d.  Oct.  2.     See  "P.  Sem.  Gen.  Cat." 

Rozendal,  Anthony,  b.  St.  Anna  Parochil,  Prov.  of  Friesland,  Nether- 
lands, Dec.  17,  1868;  H.C.  97,  W.S.  1900,  1.  CI.  Wis.;  Hamilton,  Mich., 

I  gOO 

Rubel,  Johannes  Casparus,  b.  Mar.  6,  O.S.  1719,  c.  to  America,  1751  ;  edu- 
cated in  Germany;  Philadelphia,  Ger.  Ref.,  1751-5,  Camp,' Red  Hook, 
and  Rhinebeck  (Ger.),  1755-9,  Brooklyn,  Flatlands,  Flatbush,  New- 
Utrecht,  Bushwick  (and  Gravesend),  1759-83,  said  to  have  been  also 
minister  at  Cortlandt  Manor,  1768,  at  Clarkstown,  Orange  Co.,  N.  Y. 
1770.  1784,  deposed,  died  1797,  March  19.  See  "Min.  G.S.,"'  i,  109.' 
A  zealous  Conferentie  man. 

He  was  styled  by  the  German  Coetus,  in  1755.  "the  rebellious  Rubel," 
and  requested  to  resign  his  charge.  He  claims  also  to  have  been  minister 
in  the  manor  of  Cortlandt,  1769,  and  in  Clarkstown,  1770.  He  was  a  vio- 
lent tory,  calling  the  American  soldiers  "Satan's  soldiers,"  and  frequently 
denounced  from  the  pulpit,  in  violent  language,  the  cause  of  independence. 
He  was  also  accused  of  drunkenness  and  bad  treatment  of  his  wife— H 
Onderdonk,  Jr.     "Amst.  Cor." 

Rubinkam,  R.  I.     Philadelphia,  2d,  1S80-5. 

Rudolph,  John,  b.  Oct.  5,  1853,  at  Sohreiberhan,  Silesia,  Germany;  studied 
at  Zulliotan,  Brandenburg,  Germany;  Bloomfield  Sem.  75,  lie.  Presb 
of  Newark  (Elizabeth,  N.  J.  75-89,  Presb.),  Hoboken  (Ger.),  1889 ' 

^  Publications  :  "In  Germany,"  three  vols,  of  poems ;  four  vols,  of  stories. 
"In  America,"  six  vols,  of  stories.— Sermons  and  Addresses. 


694  THE   MINISTRY. 

Rudy,  John,  b.  in  Switzerland,  1791,  studied  under  Helffenstein,  1.  CI. 
Maryland  (G.R.),  1821 ;  (Guilford,  N.  C,  21-3),  Germantown,  N.  Y., 
23-35,  also  supplied  Red  Hook  Landing;  Miss,  to  the  Germans  in 
N.Y.C.,  35-8;  Ger.  Evang.  Miss.  Ch.,  N.Y.C.,  38-42,  d. 

While  a  student  in  Philadelphia,  he  made  himself  very  useful  in  holding 
prayer  meetings  among  the  Germans,  and  visiting  the  poor  and  sick.  He 
removed  from  North  Carolina  to  the  North,  because  the  climate  did  not 
agree  with  him.  He  exerted  a  great  influence  for  good  on  the  Hudson, 
where  his  memory  was  long  embalmed  in  the  affections  of  the  people.  But 
in  visiting  the  city  he  was  deeply  impressed  with  the  necessities  of  the 
German  population  there.  He  resolved  to  devote  himself  to  their  welfare. 
He  therefore  resigned  his  pleasant  settlement,  and  moved  to  the  din  of  the 
metropolis.  He  preached  at  first  in  a  hired  room  to  a  very  few.  By  un- 
wearied labors,  soundness  of  judgment,  prudence,  and  consistency  of  con- 
duct, he  at  length  built  up  a  church  of  three  hundred  members.  Crowded 
as  they  were,  he  resolved  to  seek  to  secure  for  them  a  proper  edifice.  The 
Collegiate  Church  gave  them  the  use  of  a  lot  on  Houston  Street,  and  he 
raised,  by  personal  effort,  $10,000,  and  a  fine  edifice  rewarded  his  labors. 
But  he  took  a  cold  in  his  subsequent  arduous  pastoral  duties,  which  soon 
terminated  his  life.  His  loss  was  deeply  felt.  He  left  a  good  report  among 
all  the  brethren.  His  mind  was  well  balanced,  and  his  judgment  sound. 
He  was  distinguished  for  a  practical  wisdom  which  combined  discretion 
and  prudence  with  zeal,  fidelity,  and  perseverance,  and  which  proved  an 
important  element  in  all  his  success.  His  piety  was  warm,  decided,  and 
active.  His  spirit  was  uniformly  cheerful  without  levity,  and  this  com- 
bined with  his  discretion  secured  him  access,  confidence,  and  attachment. 
He  was  connected  with  the  Tract  Society  for  the  diffusion  of  evangelical 
literature  among  the  Germans. 

Ruhl,  Fred.  W.     N.B.S.  1884,  1.  CI.  Albany;  Tyre,  84-7.  Prattsville,  89-91, 

Cicero,  91-2,  Manheim,  92-5,  Grahamsville,  95-98,  w.  c. 
Ruigh,  Douwe  Cornelius,  b.  Ackley,  la..  Mar.  25,  1872;  H.C.  96,  N.B.S. 
99,  lie.  and  ord.  by  CI.  Dakota;  Sioux  Falls,  S.  D.   1899-1900,  W'or- 

tendyke,  N.  J.  1000-2,  Missionary  to  China,  1902 

Runk,  Edward  Johnson,  b.  N.Y.C.,  Nov.  5,  1858,  C.C.  1879,  U.S.  82,  ord. 
CI.  WestchesUr.  Nov.  g,  82;  Bronksville,  82-4.  S.S.  N.Y.C.  84-7.  Cold 
Spring,  S.S.  87-8,  pastor,  88-95,  w.  c. 
Runkel,  John  W.,  b.  in  Palatinate,  1749;  1.  by  Ger.  Coetus,  1777;  Shippens- 
burgh,  Carlisle,  Lower  Settlement,  and  Hummelstown,   Pa.,  1777-81 ; 
the  same,  with  Lebanon  and  Donegal,   1781-4,  Frederick,   Md.,  1784- 
1802,  Germantown,   Pa.,   1802-5,  New  York   (G.R.),  Forsyth   St.   1805- 
12.  Gettysbnrgh,  Emmetsburgh,  and  Taneytown.   1815-19,  Gettysburgh, 
1819-23,  d.  1832. 
His  father  emigrated  to  America,  with  his  family,  in   1764.    In  his  min- 
istry, his  zeal  and  earnestness  and  his  insisting  on  vital  piety  awakened 
much  opposition   against   him,    and   he   suffered   considerable   persecution. 
His  ministry,  from  the  central  point  where  he  was  located,  extended  over 
large  sections  of  country.    At  Frederick,  his  enemies  tried  assiduously  to 


THE   MINISTRY.  695 

eject  him,  but  failed.  For  a  time  Runkel  lost  possession  of  his  church, 
because  the  friends  of  Rev.  Geo.  Schneyder,  of  Schoharie,  wished  to  settle 
him,  but  the  court  restored  to  Runkel  the  property  (180c).  Schneyder  had 
gone  to  Frederick,  in  1787,  to  solicit  funds  to  build  a  church  at  Schoharie, 
and  the  next  year  had  returned  to  Frederick,  and  maintained  a  party  there 
for  a  number  of  years.  While  settled  in  the  independent  German  Church 
in  New  York,  he  made  a  visit  to  several  of  the  German,  Lutheran,  and 
Dutch  ministers  along  the  Hudson,  which  is  minutely  detailed  in  his  jour- 
nal, among  others  spending  several  days  at  Domine  Gebhard's  at  Clave- 
rack  ("Harbaugh's  Lives,"  ii.  299).  After  he  left  New  York,  he  made 
his  home  in  Germantown,  Pa.,  frequently  itinerating  and  preaching,  as  he 
also  did  after  his  resignation  at  Gettysburgh,  in  1823. 

He  was  a  man  of  strong  physical  constitution,  tall  and  raw-boned  in  per- 
son. His  powers  of  endurance  were  great.  He  was  venerable  and  patriar- 
chal in  appearance,  excitable  in  temper,  warm  in  preaching — in  short,  "a 
son  of  thunder."  He  was  in  advance  of  his  times,  and  hence  regarded 
somewhat  as  a  fanatic.  His  preaching  was  evangelical,  apt  in  illustration, 
and  affectionate  in  appeal.  He  ever  manifested  much  sympathy  toward  the 
suffering,  visiting  also  prisoners  and  those  under  sentence  of  death. 
Rust,  E.  C.     Pekin,  111.  1894-5. 

Rutte,  John  M.  University  of  Utrecht;  N.B.S.  1867,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1867; 
6th,  Paterson  (Hoi.),  1867-73. 

Ryerson,  Abram  G,  b.  1817;  R.C.  39,  N.B.S.  42,  1.  CI.  Passaic;  Gorham, 
43-6,  Wyckoff,  46-64 ;  Principal  of  a  Public  School  in  Paterson  for  sev- 
eral years.    Died  Feb.  18,  1887.    "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1887,  435. 

Rysdyck,  Isaac,  matriculated  University  of  Groningen,  Sept.  14,  1751,  of 
Groningen;  Hopewell,  New  Hackensack  (and  Poughkeepsie,  "M.G.S." 
i,  31-37),  1765-72,  Fishkill,  Hopewell,  and  New  Hackensack,  1772-89, 
resigned,  d.  1790. 

"He  was,"  says  Dr.  Brownlee,  "in  his  day,  considered  the  most  learned 
theologian  in  the  Dutch  Church.  He  was  familiar  with  the  classics.  He 
wrote  in  Greek,  but  especially  in  Latin,  with  as  much  facility  as  in  his  na- 
tive Dutch,  and  in  the  University  of  Groningen  he  was  as  familiar  with 
Hebrew  as  with  his  mother  tongue.  But  great  as  were  his  attainments  in 
the  sacred  and  profane  classics,  his  theological  readings  and  attainments 
were  no  less  extensive  and  accurate.  His  sermons  were  specimens  of  the 
analytical  form  of  discussion.  The  body  of  them  were  judicious  and  mas- 
terly dissertations,  and  the  applications  were  practical  and  full  of  affec- 
tionate consolations,  warnings,  and  reprovings."  He  was  of  commanding 
personal  appearance,  and,  in  his  manners,  an  old-time  gentleman.  Accord- 
ing to  the  custom  of  those  days,  he  usually  rode  on  horseback,  wearing  a 
cocked  hat,  and  white  flowing  wig,  and  the  customary  clerical  dress.  On 
the  Sabbath  he  rode  up  to  the  church  door,  where  the  sexton  was  waiting 
to  take  his  horse,  and  dismounting  would  pass  into  the  church  and  kneel 
in  silent  prayer,  at  the  foot  of  the  pulpit.  He  was  also  principal  of  a  classi- 
cal school  at  Fishkill,  in  which  John  H.  Livingston  and  other  eminent  men 
received  their  earlier  education.    Synod  indorsed  his  academy  in  1772.    He 


(jg6  THE    MINISTRY. 

was  received  in  1765  by  his  congregations  with  great  love  and  joy.  He  be- 
longed to  the  Conference  party,  but  never  manifested  much  bitterness  of 
spirit,  and  at  the  second  meeting  in  1772,  to  adopt  articles  of  union  between 
the  parties,  he  was  made  president.  He  lived  in  troublous  times,  both  for 
church  and  state.  Many  of  his  congregation  were  Tories  in  the  Revolution, 
and  party  spirit  ran  high.— See  "Kip's  Hist.  Dis."  "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  ii.  244. 
"Amst.  Cor."     "Sprague's  Annals." 

St.  John,  ,  S.S.  Cortlandt,  1858-65. 

Salisbury,  John  Henry,  b.  at  Catskill,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  16,  1852;  R.C.  75,  N.B.S. 

;S,  lie.  CI.  Greene ;  Coxsackie,  2d,  78-88  (Trenton,  N.  J.,  4th  Presbyt. 

88-1891,  Jan.  10).     D.D.  by  R.C.  1890. 

He  came  of  distinguished  lineage  in  Europe.  His  American  ancestor 
was  one  of  the  British  officers  at  the  capture  of  New  Amsterdam ;  but  the 
family,  from  that  time  forward,  through  marriage,  were  identified  with 
the  Dutch.  His  mother  was  a  woman  of  remarkable  piety,  helping  the 
most  pitiable  objects  of  humanity,  and  the  halo  of  her  piety  was  reflected 
in  that  of  her  son.  He  was  early  consecrated  to  the  work  of  the  ministry. 
In  college  he  loved  hard  work — the  difficult  problem,  the  knotty  transla- 
tion, an  abstruse  page  in  metaphysics,  and  was  the  leader  of  his  class 
throughout  his  college  course.  He  met  all  the  deep  questionings  which 
come  to  the  student  fairly  and  frankly;  but  his  personal  experience  of  the 
grace  of  God  enabled  him  to  rise  above  all  the  mists  in  which  scholars  so 
often  involve  themselves.  The  people  of  his  respective  charges  loved  him 
for  his  sympathetic  soul,  for  his  instructive  sermons,  for  his  helpful  pray- 
ers. His  final  sufferings  were  intense,  but  his  death  was  triumphant.  See 
"In  Memoriam :  John  Henry  Salisbury,"  1891.  Also  "Biog.  Notices  of 
Graduates  of  R.C."  1891.  34. 

Salisbury,  Wm.     Blenheim,  1832-4. 

Samuel,  T.   (Hindoo),  Arcot  Sem.  1897.  1-  CI.  Arcot;  evangelist  in  India, 

1897 

Sangree,  Henry  Hudson,  b.  in  Pa.,  1857 :  Mercersberg  Coil.  80,  U.S.  83 ; 

Currytown  and  Mapletown,  88-03.   For  other  details,  see  "U.  Sem.  Gen. 

Cat." 
Santosham,    Subbarayant    (Hindoo),    1.    CI.    Arcot,    1891;    evangelist    in 

India,  1891 

Saul,  Geo.     Hackensack    (Ger.),   1S74-5. 

Sawyer,  Andrew  (a  native  Hindoo),  educated  by  the  missionaries  in  India, 

1.   CI.   Arcot,  India,   1859;   Rahnpett    (Arcot),   59-65,   Sattambady.  65, 

with  the  station  Gnanodayam,  68-75,  Chittoor,  1875-86,  d.  Ap.  20. 
He  was  the  first  native  pastor  ordained  by  the  Classis  of  Arcot,  in  India. 
He  had  been  a  member  of  it  from  its  organization  in  TS54.  T 1  is  reports  to 
it  year  by  year  show  that  he  received  and  baptized  hundred;  of  converts 
and  their  children.  He  broke  the  bread  of  life  to  tens  of  thousand?  in  all 
parts  of  the  Mission.  He  walked  before  men  consistently,  in  the  footsteps 
of  Christ ;  and  the  example  he  left  to  his  fellow-workers  and  the  whole 
Church  is  a  lasting  treasure.    He  preached  the  whole  <-ounsel  nf  God.  and 


THE    MINISTRY.  6g7 

lived  as  he  preached.  The  Classis  expressed  its  sense  of  its  heavy  loss,  and 
its  appreciation  of  his  long  and  faithful  labors  in  Christ's  kingdom.  See 
"Report  of  Mission  Board,"  1887. 

Scarlet,  George  W.    R.C.  1880,  N.B.S.  83,  1.  CI.  Raritan ;  Peapack,  83-88, 

New  Hurley,  88-95,  Havana,  111.  95-1901,  w.  c. 
Scarlet,  John  H.     R.C.  79.  N.B.S.  82,  1.  CI.  Raritan;  Ringoes,  N.  J.  82- 

86,  Union  and  Jerusalem.  86-92,  Gilboa,  92-9,  w.  c. 
Schaats,  Gideon,  b.  1607;   1.  CI.  Amsterdam,   1651  ;  Rensselaerwyck,   1652- 

94,  supplied  also,  at  times,  Schenectady.    Died  Feb.  27,  1694. 

He  had  been  a  schoolmaster  at  Beest,  Holland,  before  coming  to  America. 
During  his  pastorate  at  Albany,  Gov.  Andros  compelled  him  to  receive  as  a 
colleague  Van  Renslaer,  an  Episcopalian.  (Van  Renslaer.)  Not  being  a 
union  of  love,  it  is  not  surprising  that  it  was  lacking  in  harmony.  Van 
Nieuwenhuysen,  of  New  York,  assisted  him  in  his  troubles,  and  gained  a 
victory  over  the  Governor.  (Van  Nieuwenhuysen.)  But  Renslaer  was 
soon  removed  by  death.  During  the  latter  part  of  his  ministry,  Schaats  had 
difficulties  with  his  congregation,  to  which  were  added  also  domestic 
troubles.  He  was  a  Voetian  in  hermeneutics. — See  "Doc.  Hist.,"  iii.  70-72, 
529-534.  "Col.  Hist.,"  ii,  653,  707.  "O'Callaghan's  New-Neth.,"  ii,  567. 
"Brodhead's,  N.  Y." 

Schaefer,  see  also  Shafer. 

Schaefer,  Daniel,  b.  Oregon,  111.,  Sept.  27,  1857;  (Mission  House  College, 
near  Sheboygan,  Wis.  82,  1.  CI.  Minnesota  (Refd.  Ch.  U.S.)  ;  Bon- 
gards,  Minn.  82-7),  Ramsay,  la.  87-93,  Parkersburg,  1893 

Schaefer,  Frederic.    Aplington,  la.  1886 

Schaefer,  John,  b.  Rockvale  township,  Ogle  Co.,  111.,  May  10,  1869;  H.C. 
93,  W.S.  96,  1.  CI.  Holland;  White  Rock  Centre  (or  Elim),  1897 

Schanck,  Garret  Conover,  b.  at  Matteawan,  N.  J.,  Sept.  14,  1806;  R.C.  28, 
N.B.S.  32,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Miss  at  Marshallville,  Jan.-July,  33;  Walpeck, 
33-5.  Clover  Hill,  35-37,  Pompton  Plains,  37-53,  w.  c.  Died  Sept.  17, 
1888. 

Elected  a  trustee  R.C.  1866.     D.D.  by  R.C. 

His  ministry  at  Clover  Hill  and  at  Pompton  Plains  was  marked  with 
gracious  outpourings  of  the  Holy  Spirit  and  large  accessions  to  the  church. 
His  preaching  was  evangelical,  sound,  pointed  and  earnest,  always  spiritual 
and  ever  pervaded  with  impressive  solemnity.  The  center  of  his  theology 
was  Christ  and  Him  crucified,  the  friend  of  the  sinner,  the  strength  of  the 
saint,  the  only  hope  of  a  perishing  race.  He  shunned  new  departures  and 
held  to  the  old  paths,  martyr-consecrated  and  God-approved. 

His  life  as  a  minister  without  charge,  was  exceedingly  exemplary,  a 
practical  preaching  of  the  truth,  an  object  lesson  on  godliness.  It  mani- 
fested the  beauty  of  heartfelt  piety,  and  exhibited  the  power  of  Christian 
faith,  gained  for  him  the  esteem  of  all  who  knew  him,  the  universal 
conviction  that  he  was  a  good  man,  and  caused  him  to  be  revered 
almost  as  a  saint  by  the  Romanists  of  the  neighborhood  in  which 
he     resided.     His     studious     habits     acquired     in     the     Seminary     were 


698  THE    MINISTRY. 

maintained  throughout  life.  He  read  the  Scriptures  daily  111  their 
original  languages  and  delighted  in  exploring  their  hidden  depths.  He 
kept  himself  acquainted  with  the  current  literature  of  the  day  and  well  in- 
formed of  the  advances  in  every  department  of  the  world's  progress.  Well 
read  and  thoughtful,  he  was  an  excellent  conversationalist  and  at  all  times 
an  entertaining  and  instructive  companion.  He  was  especially  careful  to 
have  all  the  family,  including  the  laborers  on  the  farm,  present  at  family 
worship.  Now  and  then  a  Romanist  would  refuse  to  comply,  but  when  told 
that  those  who  would  not  worship  with  the  family  could  not  labor  for  the 
family,  very  few  persisted  in  their  opposition.  After  he  retired  from  the 
active  ministry  he  lived  not  in  vain,  but  adorned  his  profession  by  a  godly 
life.  He  was  studious,  prayerful,  and  retained  his  interest  in  all  that  ap- 
pertained to  the  prosperity  of  Rutgers  College,  of  which  he  was  a  trustee, 
and  whatever  else  was  connected  with  the  glory  of  God,  the  welfare  of  the 
race,  and  the  advancement  of  the  Master's  kingdom.  He  had  prepared,  at 
considerable  expense,  though  never  published.  "The  Schenck  Genealogy." 
beautifully  bound  in  one  large  volume.  It  is  now  in  the  hands  of  a  relative 
at  Hightstown,  N.  J.  See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1889,  913.— "Biog.  Notices  of 
Grads.  R.C.,"  1889,  10. 

Schaul,  Ulysses   Simpson,  b.   Sedalia,  Mo.,  Jan.    10,    1867:   Univer.   Pa. 
1892,   U.T.S.  95,  1.  CI.   Saratoga;   Easton,  N.   Y.  95-98,   Wynantskill, 

N.  Y.  1898 

Schefer,  Johan  Daniel.     Rhinebeck    (Ger.),  1794-9- 

Schenck,  Cornelius,  b.  Weston,  Somerset  Co.,  N.  J.;  R.C.  1879,  N.B.S. 

82,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Philadelphia,  4th,  82-7,  Plainfield,  Trinity,  1887 

Publications:    "Hist.  Disc.  4th  Ref.  Ch.,  Philadelphia,"  1885. 
Schenck,  Ferd.  S.   (s.  of  M.  L.  Schenck),  b.  Ulster  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  6, 
1845 ;    C.N  J.    65,    Albany    Law    School,    67 ;    Attorney-at-Law,    67-9 ; 
N.B.S.  72,  lie.  CI.  Ulster;  Clarkstown,  72-7,  Montgomery,  77-90,  Hud- 
son, N.  Y.  90-97,  University  Heights,  N.Y.C.  97-9.  Prof,  of  Practical 

Theology,  New  Brunswick  Seminary,  1899 

D.D.  by  R.C.  1 891.    President  of  Gen.  Synod,  1892. 

Publications:  "The  Ten  Commandments  in  the  Nineteenth  Century." 
— "The  Bible  Reader's  Guide."  Sermon,  as  Pres.  of  Gen.  Synod,  at  In- 
auguration of  Prof.  Jas.  F.  Riggs,  1892.  "The  Ten  Commandments  and 
the  Lord's  Prayer,"  1902.  "The  Brick  Ch.  Memorial":  "Hist,  of  R.D.C. 
Montgomery,  Orange  Co.,  N.  Y."    1882. 

Schenck,  Geo.,  b.  at  Matteawan,  1816;  Y.C.  37,  N.B.S.  40,  1.  CI.  Pough- 

keepsie ;   Bedminster,    1840-52,  d.     See  Manual  of  1879.     See  Funeral 

Sermon,  by  Rev.  T.  W.  Chambers.    "Sprague's  Annals." 

Publications:     "Music";    an   Address   at    Somerville.     1849. — "Second 

Coming  of  Christ."     1843. 

Schenck,  Isaac  Stryker,  b.  at  Weston,  N.  J.,  Ap.  26,  1852;  R.C.  73,  N.B.S. 

76,  lie.  CI.  N.B.;  Roscndale.  77-80,  Ghent,  2d.  80-06,  w.  c. 
Schenck,  Isaac  Van  Wart,  b.  White  Plains,  N.  Y.  Dec.  6.  1846;  West- 
minster Coll.,  Mo.  64,  P.S.  67.  ord.  by  Presb.  N.B.  May  18,  69  (Ham- 


THE    MINISTRY.  699 

ilton  Square,  N.  J.  69-80,  Philadelphia  (Eastburn  Mariners'  Ch.),  80-3, 
Portage,  Wis.  84-7,  Mt.  Olivet,  Brooklyn,  88-94),  Newark,  Chiist  Ch. 
94-9,  w.  c. 

Schenck,  Jacob  Wyckoff,  b.  at  Weston,  N.  J.,  1849;  R.C.  70,  N.B.S.  73,  lie. 
CI.  N.B. ;  Ghent,  2d,  73-9,  d.  Feb.  15.    See  Manual  of  1879. 

Schenk,  John  Van  Neste,  b.  at  South  Branch,  N.  J.,  Feb.  21,  1842;  R.C. 
62,  N.B.S.  65,  lie.  CI.  Geneva;  Owasco  Outlet,  Sept.  28,  65-7,  Pompton 
Plains,  Oct.  23,  67-71,  d.  Sept.  28.    See  Manual  of  1879. 

Publications  :  "Hist  Disc,  at  Reopening  of  Church  of  Pompton  Plains.'' 
1871.     (Posthumous.) 

Schenck,  John  W.,  b.  in  N.  J,  1825.     R.C.  45,  N.B.S.  49,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Tarry- 
town,  49-51,  Chatham,  51-3,  Bedford,  now  East  Brooklyn,  53-5,  Ithaca, 
55-63,   New   Brunswick,  63-6,   Philadelphia,  3d,  66-8    (Pottsville,   Pa., 
Presbyt.,  68-72),  Claverack,  72-1881,  d.  Dec.  28. 
Schenck,  Martin  L.,  b.  at  Six  Mile  Run,  N.  J.,  1817;  R.C.  37,  N.B.S.  40, 
1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Plattekill,  40-53,  Fort  Plain,  53-7,  Rocky  Hill,  57-65,  White- 
hall, 65-9,  Plattekill,  69-73,  d.  Mar.  11. 
He  was  the  son  of  Dr.  Ferdinand  S.  Schenck,  a  distinguished  physician 
of  Somerset  Co.,  New  Jersey.    He  became  a  subject  of  divine  grace  during 
the  memorable  revival  with  which  the  churches  of  New  Brunswick  and  the 
College  were  favored  during  the  year  1837.   Twelve  of  the  students,  includ- 
ing Mr.  Schenck,   united  with  the  First  Reformed  Church,  all  of  whom 
turned  their  attention  to  the  gospel  ministry.    He  was  a  settled  pastor  for 
thirty-three  years,  and  died  suddenly  while  in  the  fulness  of  his  strength, 
and  in  the  midst  of  a  career  of  great  usefulness. 

He  was  blessed  with  a  buoyant  nature,  and  was  always  accustomed  to 
look  upon  the  bright  side  of  things.  He  was  a  cheerful,  happy  man  in 
whatever  circle  he  was  thrown,  and  his  very  presence  was  as  sunshine 
among  the  homes  of  his  people.  In  his  disposition  he  was  generous  and 
open-hearted.  He  loved  to  make  others  happy,  and  he  was  accustomed  to 
study  their  welfare  even  to  the  sacrifice  of  his  own  personal  convenience. 

He  loved  the  work  of  the  pastorate,  and  never  neglected  any  interest  in 
the  congregation  that  needed  his  attention.  He  was  accustomed  to  go 
through  cold  and  heat  visiting  the  sick,  comforting  the  troubled,  and  be- 
stowing help  wherever  it  was  needed.  He  was  prompt,  active,  and  con- 
scientious in  the  discharge  of  all  his  duties.  He  never  failed  to  meet  his 
engagements,  and  he  made  friends  wherever  he  went.  The  children 
greeted  him  gladly,  and  his  vivacious  way  was  always  pleasing,  helpful, 
and  encouraging  among  all  classes. 

As  a  preacher  he  was  sound,  Biblical,  practical,  and  impressive.  He  was 
fond  of  studying  the  gospel  narrative,  and  brought  out  with  great  dis- 
tinctness and  frequency  subjects  that  related  to  the  Person,  offices  and  work 
of  Christ.  Lessons  from  the  Great  Biography  were  his  favorite  topics,  and 
these  he  presented  and  enforced  with  great  pungency  and  fervor.  No  one 
could  excel  him  in  earnestness  and  devotion.  His  end  was  unexpected.  On 
the  Sabbath  he  preached  three  times,  according  to  his  custom,  and  with  his 
usual  energy.     On  the  succeeding  Tuesday  he  was  suddenly  smitten  down 


700  THE    MINISTRY. 

by  fatal  disease,  and   in  a  few  hours  his  useful  and  successful  life   was 
brought  to  a  close. 

Publications:  "The  Harmony  of  Heaven."  1855. — Address  at  Fun.  of 
Dr.  Ostrander.     In  "Memorial." 

Schenck,  Wia,  b.  near  Marlboro',  N.  J..  Oct.  13,  1740;  C.N.J.  1767,  studied 
theology  with  Rev.  Wm,  Tennent;  lie.  by  Presbt.  of  New  Brunswick, 
1770  (Allentown,  N.  J.,  Presbyt.  1771-77),  North  and  South  Hampton, 
1777-80  (Pittsgrove,  N.  J.,  Presb.,  1780-6,  Ballston,  with  Freehold  and 
Milton,  N.  Y.,  1786-93,  Huntington,  L.  I.,  1793-1817),  w.  c.  Died  Sept. 
1,  1823,  in  Franklin  Co.,  O.    See  "Rev.  T.  W.  Wells'  Hist.  Disc,"  1877. 

He  was  descended  from  Roeloffe  Martense  Schenck,  who  settled  at 
Amersport,  L.  I.,  in  1750.  Gen.  Robt.  C.  Schenck,  Rev.  Wm.  E.  Schenck, 
D.D.,  Sec.  of  Bd.  Pub.  Presbyt.  Ch.,  Philadelphia,  and  Rev.  Garret  C. 
Schenck  are  among  his  descendants.  "He  shows  an  analytical  mind,  and  an 
extensive  knowledge  of  Scripture,  and  withal  sounds  the  gospel  trumpet 
most  sweetly." — See  "Rev.  Alex.  S.  Hoyt's  Hist.  Disc,"  Ballston,  N.  Y., 
1875. 

Schermerhorn,  Cornelius  D.,  b.  in  Schoharie;  U.C.  1797,  studied  under 
Livingston,  lie  1803 ;  Schoharie  Kill,  1802-30 ;  also  at  Oak  Hill,  1809- 
18.  He  is  said  to  have  been  settled  in  Canada  in  1823.  He  was  ready 
to  join  McDowell  there  as  early  as  1819.  He  died  in  1830. 
Schermerhorn,  Harvey  R.,  b.  at  Schodack,  N.  Y.,  1835  ;  N.B.S.  62,  1.  CI. 
Albany;  Germantown,  62-5,  Principal  of  Riverside  Sem.,  at  German- 
town,  65-9,  Principal  of  Hudson  Academy,  N.  Y.,  69-74,  Pella,  2d, 
75-9,  Prof,  of  Rhetoric  and  Belles-lettres  in  Central  Univ.,  Iowa,  76-81, 
Prin.  of  Spencer  Academy  for  the  Choctaws,  at  Nelson,  Indian  Terri- 
tory, 1881 

In  early  life  he  spent  several  years  among  this  tribe  of  Indians.  The 
Choctaw  government  had  erected  new  buildings  at  an  expense  of  $20,000 
for  this,  their  oldest  and  most  prosperous,  institution. 

Schermerhorn,  John  F.,  b.  Sept.  24,  1786,  U.C.  1809,  from  Cong.  Ch.  1813, 
Middleburgh,  16-27,  Sec.  of  Missions,  28-32.     In  Dec,  35,  he  was  agent 
to  make  a  treaty  with  the  Cherokees  at  New  Echota,  but  the  Indians 
with  whom  he  negotiated  were  afterward  said  by  the  tribe  to  be  unau- 
thorized, and  in  1837-8,  the  Cherokees  petitioned  Congress  for  its  nulli- 
fication.   Died  March  16,  1851,  at  Richmond,  Va. 
He  was  a  son  of  Barnhardus  Freeman  Schermerhorn  and  Ariantje  Van 
de  Bogert.     He  was  a  very  eloquent  man,  and  while  Secretary  of  Missions, 
1828-32,   raised   far  more  money  than  had  ever  been  collected  before   in 
Dutch  churches  for  Benevolent  Societies.     See  page  219  of  this  work.    But 
difficulties  arose  between  an  old  and  new  Mission  Board,  which  were  very 
unpleasant  for  a  time  (1831-3),  but  which  were  finally  amicably  adjusted. 
(See  minutes  of  these  Boards  of  the  General  Synod,  and  the  "Christian 
Intelligencer,"  where  full   accounts   are   found,   and    Schermerhorn   vindi- 
cated).    There  was  probably  a  published  memoir  of  him,  but  it  has  not 


THE    MINISTRY.  701 

come  under  our  observation.     A  son  of  his,   Bernard   F.   Schermerhorn, 
lived  at  Delphi,  Ind. 

Schick,  G.  B.     S.S.  Bayonne,  3d,  1875. 

Schiebe,  Henry,  student  in  N.B.S. ;  perished  at  sea  in  the  burning  of  the 
Austria,  1858.  He  had  returned  to  Germany  during  this  vacation  to 
visit  his  affianced,  in  company  with  a  fellow-student,  Philip  Berry.  On 
their  return  voyage  the  vessel  caught  fire,  and  Schiebe  was  drowned. 
(Berry,  P.) 

Schild,  Frederic  Kienhold,  b.  La  Crosse,  Wis.,  Mar.  23,  1868;  Missions 
Hans  Coll.  Sheboygan,  Wis.;  Sec.  Y.  M.  C.  A.  89-92;  N.B.S.  95;  He 
CI.  N.B. ;  Linlithgo,  N.  Y.  1895 

Schilstra,  Elbert  Sybrandus,  b.  in  Java,  E.  I.,  Apr.  18,  1872;  at  Gym- 
nasia in  the  Neths. ;  W.S.  95,  1.  CI.  Holland;  Jamestown,  Mich.  95-9, 
visited  Netherlands,  99,  Sayville,  L.  I.  1900— — 

Schilstra,  Sybrandus  Ales,  b.  at  Ulst,  Friesland,  Neths.,  Aug.  31,  1840; 
Rotterdam  Missionary  Association,  1869,  lie.  by  said  Assoc;  in  Java, 
at  Cheribon,  Oct.  70-Dec.  70,  Bandong,  Dec.  70-May  72,  Soemedang, 
May,  72-Jan.  81,  Soekaboemi,  Jan.  81-Dec.  81,  in  the  Netherlands,  81- 
Jan.  92;  Rochester,  N.  Y.  May,  92-Apr.  1901,  w.  c.  In  Java  preached  in 
the  Soenda  and  Malay  languages ;  at  Rochester  in  Dutch. 

Publications  :  Many  articles  about  the  Java  Mission. — For  ten  years 
editor  of  the  "Kleine  Zendbode"  ("Little  Messenger"),  in  the  Holland 
language. 

(Schlatter,  Michael,  b.  at  St.  Gall,  Switzerland,  1716,  Gymnasium  of  St. 
Gall;  Sab.  evening  preacher,  at  Lintenbuehl,  1745-6,  agent  to  Ger. 
Chs.  in  Pennsylvania,  from  Synod  of  N.  and  S.  Holland,  1746;  Phila- 
delphia and  Germantown  1747-51;  visited  Holland,  1751-2;  Philadel- 
phia, 1752-5;  also  Sup.  of  Charity  School  Agency;  chaplain  in  Royal 
Am.  Reg.  1757-9,  supplied  Barren  Hill  and  Franklinville,  Pa.,  occa- 
sionally, 1759-77,  d.  1790.) 

He  was  descended  from  a  pious  parentage,  confirmed  in  his  fourteenth 
year,  and  placed  under  the  instruction  of  Prof.  Waegelin,  in  his  native 
town.  But  a  roving  spirit  soon  manifested  itself,  leading  him  to  forsake 
his  home  without  consultation  with,  or  consent  of,  his  parents.  He  went 
to  Holland.  In  the  course  of  the  year,  he  returned,  and  resumed  his  stud- 
ies, and  was  accepted  as  a  candidate  for  the  ministry  when  only  fourteen 
years  of  age.  He  spent  most  of  the  next  fifteen  years  of  his  life  in  Hol- 
land, being  ordained  in  that  country,  and  engaged,  much  of  the  time,  in 
teaching.  In  1746,  he  offered  himself  to  the  Synod  of  North  and  South 
Holland,  as  a  missionary  and  agent  to  the  destitute  German  churches  in 
Pennsylvania.  His  mission  was  to  organize  the  already  existing  congrega- 
tions into  churches,  and  to  unite  them  more  closely  together,  for  mutual 
encouragement  and  support,  as  well  as  defense  against  unauthorized  preach- 
ers ;  and  to  establish  formal  and  authorized  correspondence  with  the  Classis 
of  Amsterdam.  He  found  the  German  churches,  about  46  in  number, 
comparatively  independent.     There  were  here  at  the  time  of  his  arrival 


702  THE    MINISTRY. 

about  30,000  German  Reformed.  He  came  with  authority  from  the  mother 
Church  to  organize  and  consolidate  the  Reformed  churches  of  America,  as 
they  were  found  among  the  Germans.  Much  of  his  time  was  taken  up  by 
his  long  tours  into  the  interior.  He  visited  the  various  settlements  in  New 
Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  and  Virginia.  In  October,  1746,  he  in- 
vited the  regularly  ordained  ministers,  namely  Dorsius,  Boehm,  Weiss, 
and  Reiger,  to  meet  in  a  Ccetus,  or  Synod.  Preparatory  steps  were  taken 
for  organization.  In  May,  1747,  he  visited  New  York,  to  consult  with 
Domines  Du  Bois,  Boel,  and  Ritzema,  respecting  the  organization  of  a 
German  Synod.  This  Synod,  or  Coetus,  was  organized  Sept.  29,  1747,  and 
consisted  of  thirty-one  ministers  and  elders.  The  Dutch  Ccetus  in  New 
York  had  been  organized  on  Sept.  8th,  of  the  same  year,  with  about  half 
as  many.  In  1749,  Mr.  Steiner,  a  man  of  popular  gifts,  arrived,  and  some 
of  the  people,  captivated  by  him,  wished  his  services  in  place  of  those  of 
Mr.  Schlatter.  A  sad  contention  arose  with  many  bitter  fruits.  The  case 
was  submitted  to  arbitration,  and  decided  in  favor  of  Mr.  Schlatter.  Yet 
the  wounds  remained,  and  these  difficulties  were  ultimately  the  occasion  of 
a  visit  to  Europe  by  Mr.  Schlatter,  from  which  increased  good  came  to  the 
German  churches.  This  visit  to  Europe  took  place  in  I75I"2-  The  Classis 
of  Amsterdam,  in  session  on  his  arrival,  appointed  a  committee  to  confer 
with  him,  and  to  report.  A  lengthy  report  of  the  condition  of  the  American 
churches  was  drawn  up  and  presented  to  the  Synod  of  N.  and  S.  Holland  in 
print.  He  also  made  a  verbal  appeal.  The  Synod  was  highly  interested  in 
the  work,  and  furnished  him  with  means  to  visit  Germany  and  Switzerland, 
especially  to  seek  to  secure  ministers  to  return  to  America  with  him.  He 
found  six  ministers  willing  to  accompany  him,  namely,  Otterbein,  Stoy, 
Waldschmid,  Frankenfeld,  Rubel,  and  Wissler,  and  collected  some  means, 
and  seven  hundred  German  Bibles,  five  hundred  of  them  being  in  folio. 
But  the  work  did  not  end  here.  Appeals  were  further  made  by  those  who 
had  been  interested  in  the  cause  of  the  American  Reformed  churches  of 
German  origin,  and  a  fund  of  £12,000  was  soon  collected  in  Holland,  the 
interest  of  which  was  devoted  to  the  support  of  ministers  and  schoolmas- 
ters in  Pennsylvania;  and  so  interested  became  George  II.  of  England  in 
the  matter,  that  through  his  help  and  influence  £20,000  were  raised  there 
for  the  maintenance  of  free  schools  among  the  Germans  in  America,  to  be 
under  the  inspection  of  Mr.  Schlatter.  He  held  this  position  till  1757.  For 
thirty-six  years  the  Reformed  in  Pennsylvania  and  vicinity  continued  to 
received  help  from  this  fund,  though  in  gradually  decreasing  amounts,  till 
1791.  The  highest  amount  sent  over  was  about  $2,100  of  our  currency,  in 
1755.  The  moneys  in  England  were  obtained  through  the  solicitations  of 
Rev.  Mr.  Thompson.  English  minister  in  Amsterdam,  and  a  member  of  that 
Classis.  The  Holland  funds,  in  part  at  least,  went  through  the  London 
Society.  As  far  as  they  were  for  the  support  of  the  gospel,  they  were  dis- 
tributed through  the  Cactus ;  as  far  as  for  the  maintenance  of  free  schools, 
they  went  through  the  trustees  appointed  for  that  purpose. 

When  Mr.  Schlatter  returned  to  America,  his  general  super intendency  of 
the  churches  was  continued  by  the  Synod  of  Holland,  while  he  also  again 
took  charge  of  his  old  congregation  in  Philadelphia.   But  a  spirit  of  jealousy 


THE    MINISTRY.  7O3 

was  excited  against  him  on  account  of  his  powers.  The  enemies  of  the 
Free  School  scheme,  also,  did  their  utmost  against  him.  Saur's  newspaper 
was  especially  vehement.  The  Ccetus,  therefore— unjustly,  no  doubt- 
removed  him  from  his  general  superintendency  in  1757.  He  then  ac- 
cepted of  a  chaplaincy  in  the  Royal  American  Regiment,  which  was  about 
to  proceed  to  Nova  Scotia.  He  was  present  at  the  sieges  of  Halifax  and 
Louisburg,  which  gave  the  death-blow  to  the  dominion  of  the  French  in 
that  part  of  America.  "There,"  says  Bancroft,  "were  the  chaplains,  who 
preached  to  the  regiments  of  citizen-soldiers,  a  renewal  of  the  days  when 
Moses,  with  the  rod  of  God  in  his  hand,  sent  Joshua  against  Amalek."— 
"Hist.  U.S.,"  iv.  300. 

After  his  return  home  he  supported  himself  partly  from  his  labors  on  a 
small  farm  on  Chestnut  Hill,  named  by  him  Sweetland,  and  partly  from  the 
perquisites  of  wedding  fees,  he  almost  monopolizing  that  business.  He 
also  preached  at  Barren  Hill  and  Franklinville  more  or  less  frequently.  He 
was  driven  into  this  retirement  by  the  jealousy  and  opposition  waged 
against  him.  The  active  usefulness  of  his  life  was  compressed  into  the 
brief  space  of  thirteen  years.  His  earnest  labors  had  only  excited  the  ig- 
norance and  prejudice  of  those  whom  he  would  have  benefited.  The  free 
schools,  which  he  advocated,  his  enemies  declared  were  meant  for  the  en- 
slavement of  the  Germans  to  the  English.  The  people  ignorantly  believed, 
and  lost  the  services  of  a  most  useful  man.  How  similarly  have  the  friends 
of  intelligence  and  humanity  been  often  served ! 

^  Shortly  after  the  opening  of  the  Revolution,  he  felt  impelled  to  take  the 
side  of  freedom.  He  had,  up  to  this  time,  retained  his  chaplaincy  in  the 
British  army,  but  being  now  ordered  for  service,  and  declining,  he  was 
imprisoned  and  his  effects  destroyed.  He  was,  however,  by  some  means 
soon  released.  He  lived  in  his  declining  years  near  his  former  home  on 
Chestnut  Hill.  He  was  the  intimate  friend  of  Dr.  Muhlenberg,  who  was 
the  patriarch  of  the  Lutheran  Church  for  forty  years. 

Mr.  Schlatter  was  possessed  of  great  physical  health  and  mental  vigor. 
He  had  also  a  cheerful  disposition.  In  his  old  age  his  appearance  was  very 
venerable.^  He  was  of  lymphatic  temperament  and  mild  appearance;  of 
medium  size  and  weight.  His  hair  was  bushy,  and  as  white  as  snow,  nicely 
parted,  hanging  down  to  his  shoulders.  He  was  always  careful  to  present 
a  genteel  appearance.  He  entered  with  sympathetic  joy  into  the  cheerful 
spirit  of  the  young.  He  was  remarkably  easy  and  friendly  in  his  manners, 
and  full  of  vivacity.  He  excelled  in  pure,  innocent  humor  and  wit.  He 
was  of  a  catholic  spirit  in  reference  to  others,  ever  keeping  himself  well 
informed  of  the  general  movements  in  the  world,  political  and  religious. 
He  was  ever  deeply  interested  in  the  civil  affairs  of  his  adopted  country. 
He  had  not  the  least  particle  of  bigotry  or  sectarianism.  He  had  the  tact 
of  organization  in  an  eminent  degree.  His  preaching  was  solid  and  in- 
structive, though  not  eloquent  or  fascinating.  His  perseverance  and  in- 
dustry were  untiring.— See  "Schlatter's  Interesting  Life,"  by  Harbaugh, 
Philadelphia.  1857.  ("Bib.  Sac."  xx.  16.)  "Amst.  Cor.,"  many  letters.  Also 
"Sketch  of  Schlatter,"  by  Dr.  las.  I.  Good,  in  his  "Early  Fathers  of  Ref 
Ch.,"  1897.    Dubbs.  278. 


704  THE    MINISTRY. 

Publications  :  Gertrow  verhaal  van  den  waren  toestand  der  meest  her- 
derloozer  gemeentens  in  Pennsylvanien  en  aangrensende  provintien, 
voorgestelt  en  opdegraden  met  nederig  versoek  om  hulpe  en  bystand  aan 

de   Synodens  van  Nederland,  enz.     Met  eene  aanpryzende  voorrede 

van  de  Gecommitteerde  der  Classis  van  Amsterdam.  4to,  pp.  xxii.  and 
56.  Amsterdam,  1751 ;  or,  A  true  history  of  the  real  condition  of  the  desti- 
tute congregations  in  Pennsylvania,  by  M.  S.,  Evangel.  Ref.  Minister  in 
Philadelphia,  addressed  in  the  Dutch  language  to  the  very  Rev.  Christian 
Synods  in  the  Netherlands,  and  other  charitable  Christians ;  and  now 
translated  into  the  German  language  by  the  author,  and  dedicated  to  the 
Hon.  Ref.  Magistrates  and  Ministers  of  the  Swiss  Confederacy,  together 
with  an  Introduction  by  the  Commissioners  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam, 
Feb.  6,  1752.  (This  work  was  soon  afterward  translated  into  English  by 
Rev.  Mr.  Thompson,  Eng.  Ref.  minister  in  Amsterdam,  and  distributed 
throughout  Great  Britain  and  Scotland,  and  it  received  very  liberal  re- 
sponses.) A  copy  of  this  work  was  sold  in  1882,  at  E.  B.  O'Callaghan's 
sale,  bringing  $35. 

This  appeal,  including  Schlatter's  interesting  journal  of  his  labors  in 
Pennsylvania,  are  given  in  full  by  Harbaugh  in  his  life  of  Schlatter. 
(Harbaugh.) 

Schlegel,  Charles,  b.  Thullingen,  Wurtemberg,  Germany,  Mar.  20,  1863 : 

Ger.  Theolog.   School,  Bloomfield,   N.  J.  95 ;   lie.  by  Ger.  Refd.   Ch. ; 

Norfolk  St.  (now  68th  St.  Ger.),  1896 

Schlegel,  Jacob.     (From  G.R.  Ch.)  ;  N.Y.C.,  Ger.  Evang.  Ch.,  Av.  B  and 

5th  St.,  1877 

Schlieder,  Albert  Henry  (son  of  F.  E.  Schlieder),  b.  West  Leyden.  N.Y., 

Jan.  13,  1869;  R.C.  93,  N.B.S.  96,  1.  CI.  Montgomery;  Hurley,  1896 

Schlieder,  Fred.  Ernst,  b.  at  Gleina,  Germany,  1838;  N.B.S.  65,  lie.  CI. 

N.B. ;  West  Leyden,  65-72,  Forreston,  111.  72-81,  Plainfield  and  Raritan. 

4th,  81-6,  Canarsie,  86-9,  West  Leyden,  1889 

Schmidt,  H.  T.     Forreston,  89-93. 

Schmidt,  N.     Parkersburg,  1884-5. 

Schmitz,  William,  b.  at  Crefeld,  Germany,  Apr.  28.  1857;  R.C.  188 1 ; 
N.B.S.  84,  1.  CI.  N.  Y.;  Poitersville,  N.  J.  84-86,  Roxbury.  N.  Y.  86- 
90,  (Presbyt.  Greenwich,  N.  Y.  90-92),  Fultonville,  N.  Y.  1892-1901, 
Rocky  Hill,  N.  J.  1901 

Schmolz,  Carl.     (From  Lutheran  Church),  Thumansville,  1881-2. 

Schneeweiss,  Franz  M.,  b.  in  Eisenerz,  district  of  Bruck.  Austiia,  Jan.  29, 
183 1 ;  studied  Philosophy  in  University  of  Gratz,  46-7;  studied  Law 
in  University  of  Vienna,  47-8;  came  to  America,  50;  N.B.  Sem.  55; 
lie.  and  ord.  by  CI.  of  New  Brunswick;  New  Brunswick,  3d  (Ger.), 
1855-8,  w.  c.     Died  May  15,  1888. 

He  became  a  member  of  "The  Academic  League"  of  the  Vienna  Univer- 
sity, and  with  his  fellow-students,  joined  the  cause  of  Kossuth  against 
Austria.  Kossuth  was  defeated  in  Oct.,  1848.  Mr.  Schneeweiss  returned  to 
his  home  and  studied  "Practical  Law"  in  the  Jurisdiction  of  Melling  (near 


THE   MINISTRY.  705 

Marburg),  from  Nov.,  1848-July,  1849,  when  he  was  forced  into  the  army, 
and  sent  to  Italy,  Oct.,  1849.  On  Sept.  6,  1850,  he  escaped,  crossing  in  a 
small  boat,  not  without  great  danger,  to  Spezia,  Sardinia,  and  on  Oct.  6 
was  received  by  Captain  Mitchell  on  an  American  "Man  of  War."  He 
made  great  progress  in  the  English  language,  and,  although  brought  up  in 
the  Romish  faith,  became  a  Protestant  and  passed  honorably  through  the 
Theological  Seminary.  After  one  pastorate  of  three  years,  he  spent  a  year 
or  two  as  City  Missionary  among  the  Germans,  in  Brooklyn,  under  the 
direction  of  Dr.  Bethune.  His  subsequent  life  was  largely  devoted  to 
music  and  teaching,  he  becoming  the  organist,  successively,  in  several  large 
churches. 

Schnellendruessler,   Herman  Frederick  Francis,  b.  in  Brandenburg,   Prus- 
sia, Oct.  4,  1819;  Gymnasium  of  Gumbinnen,  Prussia;  c.  to  America, 
1852;   N.B.S.   1855,  1.  CI.  N.  Y.;  Albany,  4th,  1855-64,  chaplain,  16th 
Regiment,   Heavy  Artillery,  U.S.  Volunteers,   1864-5,   Callicoon    (Thu- 
mansville),  N.Y.,  1866-9;  also  Milesville,  1S69,  Warren,  N.  J.  1869-70, 
w.  c. ;  died  Sept.  20,  1898. 
He  was  a   refugee  to  America,   after  the   Kossuth   Revolution   of   1848. 
Without  knowing  any  English,  he  entered  the  New  Brunswick  Theological 
Seminary,  in  1852,  together  with  Franz  Schneeweiss,  who  was  a  companion 
in  flight.    He  was  an  excellent  Latin  scholar,  and,  notwithstanding  his  lack 
of  English,  he  managed  to  keep  up  with  his  class.     Failing  health  com- 
pelled him  to  resign  the  pastorate.    From  1875-83  he  was  instructor  in  Ger- 
man in  the  High  School  at  Plainfield,  N.  J.    He  also  supplied,  for  a  season, 
the  German  church  at  Raritan.   For  the  last  fifteen  years  of  his  life  he  lived 
in  strict  retirement.    He  was  always  a  hard  student,  with  peculiar  habits. 
When  alone,  he  wrote  or  read  all  night.     He  always  gave  a  tenth  of  his 
income  to  the  Lord,  for  the  cause  of  Missions. — "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1899, 
555- 

Schneyder,   Geo.  W.,  applied  for  licensure  to  Gen.   Meeting  of  Mins.  and 
Elds.,   1785,  but  was  refused.      ("Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  i.   133,  136.)     Li- 
censed and  ordained  by  Ger.  Coetus,  1785  ;  Schoharie,  1785-8,  Freder- 
ick, Md.,  1788-9. 
(Schnoor   (Snorr),  Casper  Ludwig.     Lancaster,   Pa.,   1744-6,  Germantown 
(East  Camp),  N.Y..  1746-9  (?)  ) —  "Amst.  Cor.,"  several  letters.  "Har- 
baugh's  Lives,"  ii.  380. 
The  third  parties,  on  his  list  of  marriages,  at  East  Camp,  is  a  person  of 
his  own  name  (no  doubt  himself)  to  Barenke  Van  Scheich,  Dec.  16,  1746. 
He   was   an   ecclesiastical   vagabond,   guilty   of   many    misdemeanors,    and 
finally  found  guilty  and  punished. 

Schnucker,  George,  b.  Allendorf,  Hessen,  Germany,  May  14,  1874 ;  Col- 
lege Depmt.  Bloomfield  Sem.  96,  N.B.S.  99,  1.  S.  CI.  L  I.;  Hope  Ch., 

George,  la.  1899 

Schock,  James  T.,  b.  Centerton,  Salem  Co.,  N.  J.;  Wesleyan  University, 
Ct.  1876 ;  lie.  by  N.  J.  Conference  of  M.  E.  Church ;  Prin.  Public 
School.  New  Brunswick.  N.  J.  76-87;  ord.  CI.  N.B.  1888:  Bound 
Brook.  88-92,  Keyport,  92-97,  Prin.  Keyport  Public  School,  1897 


706  THE    MINISTRY. 

Schoeffer,  J.  D.     Camp,  178.. -98  (?),  Schoharie,  1798  (?)-i8i9. 

Schoenfeldt,  Christian.     N.B.S.  i860. 

Scholten,  Dirck,  b.  at  Zutphen,  Neths.,  Dec.  26,   1852;  H.C.  83,  N.B.S. 

83-4,  W.S.  84-6,  1.  CI.  Iowa;  Luctor,  Kan.  86-91,  Muscatine,  la.  91-6, 

South  Blendon,  1896 

Scholz,    Charles,   b.    in    Silesia,   Germany,    about    1835.     (Columbus,    Neb. 

(Evang.     Luth.),     18.. -88),     Flatbush,   L.    I.,  2d     (Ger.),   98-1900,     d. 

Mar.   5. 

As  a  scholar  and  preacher  Mr.  Scholz  was  far  superior  to  the  average 
man  of  his  profession.  People  who  attended  his  church  bear  testimony  to 
the  fact  that  they  never  listened  to  better  sermons  than  he  preached.  He 
was  also  an  eminent  lecturer  en  some  of  the  important  questions  of  the 
day. 

Schomi'.  William  Wyckoff,  b.  Bedminster,  X.  J.,  Nov.  19,  1853;  R-  C. 
76,  N.B.S.  79,  1.  CI.  Raritan;  Glenham,  N.  Y.  79-85,  Marbletown  and 
North  Marbletown,  N.  Y.  85-92.  Athens,  X.  Y.  93-97,  Walden,  N.  Y. 
1897 ; 

Publications:  "Hist.  Address  at  150th  Anniv.  of  Ch.  of  Marbletown," 
1888.     Sermon  on  "Proclaim  Liberty  to  the  Captives,"  July  7,  1900. 

Schoon,  J.  H.     Lennox,  2d.  S.D.  1890 

Schoonmaker,  Henricus,  b.  in  Rochester,  Ulster  Co.,  X.  Y.,  1739  (son-in- 
law  of  J.  H.  Goetschius)  ;  studied  under  Goetschius,  lie.  by  the  Ameri- 
can Classis,  1763  ;  Poughkcepsie  and  Fishkill,  1763-74.  Aquackanonck, 
1774-99,  Belleville  (S.S.)  1784-94,  Aquackanonck  and  Totowa,  1799- 
1816,  died  1820. 

He  gave  early  indications  of  piety,  under  the  short,  pastorate  of  Henricus 
Frelinghuysen,  at  Marbletown.  Tie  was  a  warm  friend  of  the  Ccetus. 
When  called  to  Fishkill  and  Poughkeepsie,  he  was  strongly  opposed  by 
the  Conference  party,  so  much,  indeed,  that  when  the  Coetus  ministers  as- 
sembled to  ordain  him.  in  Poughkeepsie,  they  found  the  church  in  the 
possession  of  hi-  enemies,  and  barred  against  them.  The  committee,  de- 
termined not  to  lie  frustrated,  had  a  wagon  placed  under  a  large  tree  in 
front  of  the  church,  and  the  ordination  sermon  was  preached  thence,  by 
John  H.  Goetschius,  of  XTcw  Paltz  and  Shawangunk,  and  on  bended  knees, 
in  the  wagon,  the  candidate  received  the  laying  on  of  hands.  A  young  man, 
John  H.  Livingston  by  name,  was  present,  and  deeply  interested  in  the 
whole  scene,  and  said  to  one  of  the  elders,  at  its  conclusion.  "Thank  God, 
though  the  opponents  have  succeeded  in  excluding  him  from  the  church, 
they  have  not  succeeded  in  preventing  In-  ordination."  Mr.  Schoonmaker 
was  greatly  admired  for  his  ardent  piety  and  faithful  ministerial  labors. 
FTe  was.  in  hi-  time,  the  mosl  eloquent  and  impressive  speaker  in  the  Dutch 
language  in  this  country.  Though  meeting  with  much  opposition  from  the 
Conference,  his  ministry  was  greatly  blessed.  He  was  contemporary,  in 
his  first  field,  though  of  opposite  ecclesiastical  sentiments,  with  the  learned 
and  polished  Rysdyck.  After  the  death  of  Professor  Meyer,  of  Pompton 
and  Paterson,  He  was  called  t"  succeed  him  at  the  latter  church,  in  con- 


THE    MINISTRY.  707 

junction  with  Aquackanonck.  He  could  not  preach  well  in  English,  and  as 
the  use  of  the  Dutch  language  was  declining  in  his  first  charges,  and  he 
was  unwilling  to  injure  his  usefulness  by  awkward  attempts  at  English 
preaching,  he  accepted  the  call  to  New  Jersey,  where  the  Dutch  was  yet  in 
use.  He  resembled  the  celebrated  Professor  Romeyn,  being,  like  him,  a 
Boanerges.  His  style  was  nervous,  eloquent,  and  powerful.  He  was  the 
last  but  one  of  the  early  ministers  who  continued  to  minister  only  in  Dutch 
till  the  end  of  their  lives.  A  warm  friendship  existed  between  him  and  Dr. 
Livingston,  and  he  was  one  of  the  efficient  organizers  in  the  formative 
period  of  the  Church. — See  "Kip's  Hist.  Dis."  "Sprague's  Annals."  "Ch. 
Int.,"  vol.  ii.  123. 

Schoonmaker,  Jacob,  b.  at  Aquackanonck,  N.  J.,  1777  (s.  of  Henricus 
Schoonmaker)  ;  C.C.  1799,  studied  under  Froeligh  and  Livingston,  lie. 
CI.  Paramus,  1801 ;  Jamaica  and  Newtown,  1802-49,  Jamaica,  1849-50, 
d.  1852.    Elected  a  trustee  of  Rutgers  Coll.  1828.    S.T.D.  by  D.C.  1831. 

He  had  a  fine  portly  frame,  being  six  feet  in  height  and  in  every  way  well 
proportioned.  His  countenance  was  expressive  of  benevolence,  thoughtful- 
ness,  and  gravity,  while  his  manners  were  dignified  and  gentlemanly.  He 
was  eminently  fitted,  intellectually,  morally,  socially,  to  be  both  popular 
and  useful.  He  possessed  an  excellent  judgment,  and  his  conclusions  al- 
always  evinced  impartiality.  Without  being  disingenuous,  he  was  remark- 
ably discreet  in  his  movements.  He  had  a  benevolent  spirit,  and  was  ever 
on  the  lookout  for  doing  good.  While  undemonstrative,  he  was  a  true 
friend,  and  ever  ready  for  any  kindness  within  his  power.  Considerate 
and  accommodating,  he  was  always  ready  to  forgive.  As  a  preacher,  he 
was  evangelical,  logical,  and  instructive,  and  in  every  way  an  admirable 
specimen  of  a  minister  of  the  gospel.  He  is  said  to  have  left  his  papers 
to  his  son  Richard.  They  were  boxed  up  and  sent  to  Waterford.  "The 
Journal  of  the  Conference"  is  said  to  have  been  among  them. — See  "Rev. 
G.  I.  Garretson's  Disc,  at  Quadragenian  Anniversary  of  Schoonmaker  at 
Jamaica,"  1842.     "Sprague's  Annals." 

Publications:  "Charge  to  Rev.  Jas.  Otterson."  1828.  "Mag.  R.D.C.," 
Hi.  119.— "Letter  on  Hist,  of  the  Church."  "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  iv.  371.— Art. 
in  "Sprague's  Annals"  on  Rev.  J.  H.  Goetschius. 

Schoonmaker,  Martinus,  b.  at  Rochester,  Ulster  Co.,  N.  Y.,  1737 ;  read  the 
classics  under  Goetschius,  1753-6,  studied  theology  under  Marinus,  lie. 
1765;     Gravesend    and    Harlem,    1765-84,     Flatbush,    Brooklyn,    New 
Utrecht,  Flatlands,  Bushwick,  and  Gravesend,  1784-1824,  d. 
He  married  Mary  Bassett,  at  Aquackanonck,  in  1761.    He  was  an  ardent 
Whig  in  the  Revolution.    On  his  word  and  statement  to  the  Congress  in 
session  at  Harlem,  a  suspected  Tory  was  liberated  from  arrest.     He  fixed 
his  residence  at  Flatbush  when  he  took  the  charge  of  the  churches  in  Kings 
County.   His  labors  for  his  Master  were  very  arduous,  but  he  never  fainted 
in  the  work.    Few  men  have  gone  to  the  grave  with  a  character  more  un- 
blemished, or  who  have  been  more  universally  respected  and  beloved.     It 
is  said  he  never  had  an  enemy.    He  was  of  reserved  and  retiring  habits, 


708  THE    MINISTRY. 

made  more  so  from  his  unwillingness  to  converse  in  English,  lest  he  should 
violate  the  rules  of  grammar.  He  preached  only  in  Dutch.  In  this  lan- 
guage he  was  fluent  and  ready,  and  by  his  manners  and  gestures  displayed 
all  the  dignity  suited  to  his  office.  Courteous  and  polite,  he  was  a  relic  of 
the  old  school  of  Dutch  domines.  In  his  eightieth  year,  he  said  he  could 
not  complain  of  a  single  bodily  infirmity — even  his  sight  and  hearing  being 
perfect. — H.  Onderdonk.  "Sutphen's  Disc." 
Schoonmaker,  Martin  V.,  b.  Newtown,  L.  I.,  Aug.  II,  1816;  U.C.  39,  N.B.S.. 

4_'.  lie.  by  S.  CI.  L.I.  East  New  York,  42-49,  Walden,  49-88,  w.  c.   Died 

June  13,  1899. 
D.D.  by  R.C.  1877. 

He  was  grandson  of  Rev.  Martin  Schoonmaker,  above  mentioned.  He 
had,  in  early  life,  laid  himself  on  the  Master's  altar.  His  singularly  beauti- 
ful and  consistent  life  and  character  was  acknowledged  by  all  who  knew 
him.  He  was  never  known  to  have  had  an  enemy.  None  could  know  him 
but  to  love  him.  He  was  bright  of  eye,  sweet  of  voice,  tall  of  form,  and 
gentle  of  word — a  pure,  holy,  consistent  follower  of  the  Lord,  who  did  his 
work  well.  See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1899,  900. 
Schoonmaker,  Richard  Ludlow  (s.  of  Jacob  Schoonmaker),  b.  at  Jamaica, 

L.  I.,  1811;  R.C.  1829,  N.B.S.  32;  1.   CI.  L.I. ;  Waterford,  32-5,    (St. 

Augustine,  Fla.,  35-6,  Presb.)  ;  Harlem,  37-47,  North  Hempstead,  47- 

52,  Waterford,  52-6,  Amity,  56-61,  Rotterdam,  2d,  61-71,  chaplain  at 

Sing  Sing  Prisons,  71-6,  Greenville,  76-80.  Glen,  80-82.  d.  June. 
He  was  of  genial  and  winning  disposition  and  of  much  pulpit  power. 
Publications:     Fun.  ser.  on  death  of  Sarah  J.  Treadwell.     1851. 
Schroeder,  A.,  from  G.R.  Ch. ;  Hackensack    (Ger.),  1864-9. 
Schroepfer,    Ernest,    1.    CI.    Westchester.    1851  :    Melrose    (Ger.),    1855-61; 

to  "Lutheran  Ch.,"   1864.     Letter  of  his  enterprises,  Dec.  30,  1852,  in 

"Ch.  Int." 
Shulke,  Paul  F.,  from  G.R.C. :  Pekin,  2d,  111.  1876-80,  Washington,  Ack- 

ley,  la.,  80-91,  Pekin,  2d,   1891 

Schults,  Emanuel.     L.  I.  City,  Laurel  Hill.  1S7S. 

Schultz,  Jacob  I.,  b.  at  Rhinebeck,  [792;  U.C.  [813,  N.B.S.  16,  1.  CI.  N.B.; 

Rockaway  and  Lebanon.  16-34.  Middlebush,  34  8,  d.  [852. 
See  Manual  of  1879. 

Schultz,  John  Newton  (son  of  Jac.  I.  Schultz),  b.  at  Lebanon.  N.  J..  June 

11.    1819;    R.C.   39,   N.B.S.   42.   1.    CI.    N.B.;    Vanderveer,   111.,' 1843-5, 

Washington.    111.   49-51,   Centrevillc,    Mich.    S3S.   Battle    Creek.    Mich. 

55-7;   (Presbyt. ;  preaching  at  Crown  Point  and  Bristol.  Ind.).     Died 

at  Menardsville,  Tex..  Nov.  8,  1888. 

After  giving  up  the  pulpit   he   held   an   official   position   in   the   Indiana 

State   Prison,   at    Michigan   City;   taught    freed   men    in   the   South;   was  a 

chaplain  in  U.S.  Army;  and  an  Evangelist  in  Texas.     Hi-  life  was  one  of 

privation  and  hardship,  but  he  was  a  devoted  Christian.    He  walked  from 

place  to  place,  in  Texas,  preaching  the  Gospel,     "Biojj     Notices  of  Grads. 

R.C,"  .1889,  16. 


THE    MINISTRY.  7°9 

Schuneman,  Johannes,  b.  at  East  Camp,  Aug.  18  (O.S.),  1712,  studied 
under  T.  Frelinghuysen  and  Goetschius,  1.  CI.  Amsterdam,  Jan.  9, 
1753;  Catskill  and  Coxsackie,  1753-94,  d.  May  16.  Also  at  Shawan- 
gunk  and  New  Paltz,  1753-4-  Often  supplied  Kaatsban. 
His  father,  Herman,  immigrated  under  the  lead  of  Kocherthal  and 
company,  1708.  (Kocherthal.)  He  was  deeply  impressed,  religiously, 
in  early  life,  and  under  the  instructions  of  Rev.  Theodore  Frelinghuysen, 
of  Albany,  was  led  to  enter  the  ministry.  On  Nov.  12,  1751,  he  was  in- 
vited to  become  the  pastor  of  the  churches  of  Catskill  and  Coxsackie,  pro- 
vided he  would  go  to  Holland  to  prosecute  his  studies,  and  receive  ecclesi- 
astical orders.  The  church  offered  to  defray  his  expenses.  This  proposi- 
tion was  made,  although  the  Ccetus  was  in  full  operation.  He  went  in  1752, 
and  returned  the  following  year  in  August.  His  pastoral  field,  embracing 
two  large  congregations,  was  very  extensive  and  laborious.  He  was  zeal- 
ous, persevering  and  strong,  physically,  and  for  forty  eventful  years  he 
preached  the  truth  in  that  region.  He  was  a  short,  corpulent  man,  and  had 
a  powerful  voice,  and  his  ministrations  were  effective.  In  ecclesiastical 
matters  he  sympathized  with  the  friends  of  church  independence,  and 
naturally,  therefore,  also  belonged  to  the  party  of  freedom  in  the  Revolu- 
tion. The  interests  of  religion  and  politics  were  almost  identical  to  his 
mind,  and  no  one  took  a  deeper  interest  in  the  success  of  political  inde- 
pendence. He  traversed  the  wilderness  generally  alone,  between  his 
churches,  when  he  knew  that  his  person  was  a  coveted  prize  to  the  enemy. 
But  he  went  in  faith,  and  in  preparation  for  defense.  Dcmine  Schuneman 
is  the  hero  in  Murdock's  "Dutch  Domine  of  the  Catskills."  He  was  also 
a  physician.  He  was  one  of  the  original  trustees  of  Queen's  College. — See 
"Ch.  Int.,"  vol.  ii.  107;  also  Jan.  20,  1876.  "Hist.  Ser.  by  Rev.  G.  R.  Liv- 
ingston." "Amst.  Cor."  "Doc.  Hist.,"  iii.  328,  332;  "Col.  Hist.,"  v.  53. 
"Sprague's  Annals."  Funeral  sermon  by  Rev.  Peter  Van  Vlierden.  A 
copy  is  in  N.  Y.  Hist.  Soc.  Library.    See  also  "Hist,  of  Greene  Co.,  N.  Y." 

Schureman,  John,  b.  near  New  Brunswick,  Oct.  19,  1778;  Q.C.  1795,  studied 
under  Livingston,  lie.  by  CI.  of  Albany,  Sept.  4,  1799;  Bedminster, 
1801-7,  Hillsborough,  1807-9,  New  York,  1809-12;  Vice-Pres.  of  Rut- 
gers Coll.  12-18,  New  Brunswick,  1813,  Prof.  Moral  Phil,  and  Bel. 
Let.  in  Rutgers  Coll.  13-18,  Prof.  Ecc.  Hist,  in  N.B.  Sem.  15-18,  d. 
May  15.  Elected  a  trustee  of  Q.C.  1800.  A.M.  by  R.C.  and  C.N.J. 
1801 ;  S.T.D.  by  C.C.  1816. 

He  was  one  of  the  worthies  of  our  Church — a  man  greatly  beloved  and 
confided  in.  He  had  nothing  very  remarkable  in  his  appearance  or  manner. 
A  stranger  on  meeting  or  passing  him  would  probably  have  thought  or 
said,  "There  goes  a  sensible,  kind-hearted,  unpretending,  humble  man." 
His  constitution  of  body  was  rather  frail  from  his  childhood,  and  needed 
care  on  his  own  part,  and  indulgence  on  the  part  of  those  to  whom  he  min- 
istered, to  keep  him  at  all  in  a  proper  condition  for  the  pastoral  work. 
When  called  to  New  York,  he  sustained  his  reputation,  and  competed  si*- 
cessfully  with  some  of  the  most  popular  city  ministers.  He  could  not 
preach  anything  but  a  solid,  judicious  discourse,   logically  arranged,  and 


710  THE    MINISTRY. 

therefore  lucid  in  every  part,  and  symmetrical.  In  his  style  he  was  not 
strong  or  sparkling,  but  simple,  clear,  neat,  direct.  In  manner  not  rapid, 
or  fervid,  or  impassioned,  but  very  distinct  in  his  enunciation,  just  in  em- 
phasis, affectionate  in  tone,  with  not  too  much,  but  proper  and  rather 
graceful  gesticulation,  altogether  making  the  impression  of  a  man  that 
felt  in  his  own  soul  the  power  of  the  truth,  and  was  desirous  that  his  hear- 
ers should  be  profited  by  his  ministrations.  His  course  was  a  short  one, 
though  useful  while  and  as  long  as  it  lasted.  It  was  a  melancholy  day  when 
the  tidings  came  that  Dr.  Schureman  was  no  more,  and  it  was  another 
melancholy  day  when  those  who  loved  him  (and  they  were  many),  assem- 
bled to  commit  his  remains  to  their  long  resting-place.  Even  the  tolling 
bell  was  mute  in  mercy  to  the  stricken,  bereaved  widow.  The  character- 
istics of  the  man,  on  only  a  short  acquaintance,  were  amiability,  solidity, 
and  Christian  discretion.  These  qualities  showed  themselves  everywhere 
and  at  all  times,  in  his  family,  among  his  pupils,  and  his  people,  when  he 
had  a  pastoral  charge,  and  in  all  his  intercourse.  If  Dr.  Schureman  had 
shown  himself  harsh,  selfish,  frivolous,  rash,  every  one  that  knew  him 
would  have  been  astonished  with  great  astonishment.  Such  manifestations 
would  have  been  thought  foreign  to  the  man.  People  would  almost  have 
thought  that  there  was  something  like  a  temporary  metempsychosis  in  this 
case.  It  is  now  nearly,  if  not  quite,  half  a  century  since  he  passed  away  from 
among  us,  but  we  who  survive  him  among  his  pupils  still  think  of  him  with 
a  mournful  pleasure,  and  make  powerful  draughts  upon  memory,  that  we 
may  recall  all  that  is  possible  of  such  a  man  and  such  an  instructor. — Rev. 
Dr.  Gabriel  Ludlow.  "Sprague's  Annals."  "Berg's  Evang.  Quarterly,"  ii. 
112.  "Brief  Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Character  of  Rev.  John  Schureman, 
D.D.,  Prof,  of  Ecc.  Hist,"  etc.,  in  the  Theolog.  Coll.  of  R.D.C.,  in  "Evang. 
Guardian  and  Review,"  Sept.  1818.  Also  in  "Centennial  of  N.B.  Sem.," 
431  ;  and  in  "Collegiate  Ch.  Year  Book,"  1891,  89. 

Schuurmans,  Henry  P.,  b.  Neths.,  Nov.  19,  1866;  H.C.  97,  W.S.  1900,  1. 

CI.  Holland ;  Grand  Rapids,  9th,  1900 

Schuyler,  Johannes.     Schoharie,   1736-55,  Hackensack   (2d),  and  Schraal- 

enburgh   (2d),  1755-66,  Beaverdam  and  Schoharie,  1766-79.    Preached 

also  at  Stone  Arabia,  occasionally.    Died  1779. 

His  call  to  Schoharie  was  approved  by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  Sept. 
3,  1736.  By  letter  of  Oct.  1,  1736,  permission  was  given  to  Erickzon  and 
Haeghoort  to  examine  and  ordain  him,  under  the  peculiar  circumstances 
existing;  but  this  letter  was  not  received  until  Mar.  3.  1738.  His  ordina- 
tion and  installation  took  place  on  Ap.  18,  1738.  This  permission  was, 
perhaps,  the  immediate  cause  of  the  effort  to  secure  a  Coetus  in  the  follow- 
ing year.  Yet  he  became  one  of  the  conservative  members  of  the  Ccetus, 
and  after  1751  did  not  attend  the  meetings.  His  interest  was  growing  cold, 
and  in  1755  the  anti-Ccetus  party  of  Curtenius  at  Hackensack  called  him  to 
take  the  peculiar  position  of  both  colleague  and  opponent  of  Goetschius. 
He  was  censured  by  the  Ccetus  for  accepting  this  call  without  their  con- 
sent and  against  their  will.  He  thenceforth  consorted  with  the  Conferentie. 
The  "Col.  Hist.,"  viii.  551,  calls  him  the  Presbyterian   minister  at   Scho- 


THE    MINISTRY.  711 

harie.  He  seems  to  have  continued  at  Hackensack  ten  years,  and  not  three 
years  only,  as  has  been  supposed. — Amst.  Cor.  "Berg's  Evang.  Quar- 
terly," ii,  112.  "Gunn's  Mem.  of  Livingston,"  ed.  1856,  p.  389.  "M.G.S.," 
i.  pp.  cxiii.  cxxii. 

Schwartz,  Moritz  Johannes,   b.   Oct.   19,   1853,  at  Drohobycz,  Gallicia. 
Took  a  severe  Hebraical  and  Talmudical  education  in  Gallicia.    N.B.S. 
1891,  lie.  CI.  N.Y.    w.  c. 
He  was  a  Hebrew  and  Talmudical  teacher  for  nine  years,  1873-82,  the 
last  two  years  teaching  in  Germany.    Upon  reading  a  New  Testament  in 
Hebrew,  he  was  led  to  embrace  Christianity,  and  was  baptized,  with  his 
son,  at  Cologne  in  1883.  He  studied  Christian  Theology  in  Germany,  and  in 
1888  came  to  New  York.    During  his  course  at  New  Brunswick  Seminary 
he  translated  the  Heidelberg  Catechism  into  Hebrew. 
Schwartzbach,  C.     H.     Flatbush,  2d,  1881-5. 

Schwedes,  Franz  R.     N.B.S.  1855;  New  York  (Ger.),  1855,  deposed. 
Schweitzer,  Edward.     S.S.  Plainfield  (Ger.),  1872. 
Schwilk,  W.  F.,  1.  CI.  Schenectady,  1855 ;  Schenectady,  1856-68,  w.  c. 
Sciple,  Chs.  Morton,  b.  Easton,  Pa.,  1872;  LaF.  Coll.  97,  N.B.S.  1900,  I. 

CI.  N.  Y. ;  Highwood,  1900 

Scott,  Charles,  b.  Little  Britain,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  18,  1822;  R.C.  44,  teaching 
in  S.  C.  44-8,  N.B.S.  51;  Shawangunk,  51-66,  Prof,  of  Chemistry  and 
Nat.  Hist,  in  Hope  College,  1866-77,  Synodical  Lector  in  Ch.  Hist, 
and  Ch.  Gov.  at  Hope  College,  66-77,  Vice-President  of  Hope  Col- 
lege, 78-81,  Provisional  President,  81-5,  President  of  H.C.  85-92.  Died 
Oct.  31,  1893. 
D.D.  by  N.Y.U.  1875.     Pres.  of  Gen.  Synod,  1875. 

He  was  noted  from  boyhood  for  sturdy  integrity.  Classmates  and  col- 
leagues remember  him  as  a  scorner  of  shams,  and  as  one  whom  it  was  im- 
possible to  seduce  from  the  promptings  of  sound  principle.  He  was  a 
splendid  specimen  of  a  manly,  straightforward  boy  at  school  and  young 
man  at  college,  whom  every  one  could  absolutely  trust.  This  beautiful 
character  he  had  even  before  he  seemed  to  have  given  his  heart  to  Christ. 
As  a  Christian  he  became  eminent  for  his  intelligence  of  conviction,  his 
strength  of  trust,  and  the  unreserve  and  practicalness  of  his  consecration. 
He  left  his  mark  upon  his  pastoral  field,  upon  our  Holland  institutions, 
and  upon  our  whole  Western  Church,  so  deep  that  it  can  never  be  effaced. 
No  name  on  our  rolls  will  stand  higher  than  his  for  faithful  consecration 
as  a  servant  of  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ. 

He  was  a  scholar.  His  mind  was  bright  and  active,  and  his  faculty  for 
acquisition  was  well  balanced  along  all  lines  of  study.  He  was  a  linguist, 
a  mathematician  and  a  scientist.  As  a  student  and  teacher  he  was  noted 
for  his  love  of  accuracy.  Of  course,  his  great  life  work  lay  in  his  ministry 
and  teaching.  But  he  had  also  side  lines  of  pursuit.  Especially  he  was  a 
laborious  antiquarian  and  local,  secular,  and  church  historian.  It  is  regretted 
that  large  treasures  of  relics  and  historical  data  collected  by  him  were  de- 
stroyed by  the  fire  that  swept  over  Holland  in  1871.     He  was  one  of  the 


712  THE    MINISTRY. 

most  unassuming  of  men,  but  as  a  scholar  he  was  one  of  the  leading  orna- 
ments of  our  Church.  He  was  devoted  to  the  Reformed  Church  and  its 
interests.  In  1872  he  was  tendered  the  Presidency  of  an  Indiana  College, 
and  in  1875  the  offer  was  made  to  him  of  a  Professorship  in  a  Presbyterian 
institution.  But  he  considered  himself  the  depository  of  a  sacred  trust, 
and  no  offer  could  move  him.  Not  only  were  these  offers  tempting  in  them- 
selves, but  they  came  to  him  at  a  time  when  his  work  in  Holland  was  in  a 
very  disheartening  condition,  and  a  change  might  have  brought  unspeak- 
able relief  to  a  tried  spirit.  But  he  stood  by  his  charge  and  lived  to  see 
our  young  institution  carried  past  all  danger.  We  owe  everything,  humanly 
speaking,  to  his  manly  fidelity  and  indomitable  perseverance.  No  sketch  of 
him  would  be  complete  without  emphasizing  these  traits  in  his  character, 
and  noting  their  illustration  in  the  devotion  he  manifested  to  the  interests  of 
our  church. — "Mints  Gen.  Syn.,"  1894,  212. — "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads. 
R.C.,"  1894,  16. 

Publications:  Letters  from  the  "Pine  Land."  "Charleston  (S.C.) 
Courier,"  1846-7. — Articles  in  the  "Madison  (Ga.)  Visitor." — "Legend  of 
Stone  Mountain,"  etc.  1847-48. — Oration  at  Aiken,  S.C,  July  4,  1848.  Pub. 
in  one  of  the  Augusta  papers. — Address  before  the  Rutgers  College  Bible 

Society,    1850.     Reported   in  N.   Y.    City. — Contributions   to   the 

"Christian  Intelligencer,"  1853-66.  To  the  "Sower,"  1854-58.  To  "De 
Hope,"  1874-76. — Communications  and  letters  in  various  secular  papers  of 
New  York,  New  Jersey,  and  Michigan ;  among  which  may  be  mentioned : 
"The  Minisink  Country,  and  its  Original  Purchase  from  the  Delaware  In- 
dians." "Newburgh  Telegraph,"  about  1857.  "Up  the  North  River,"  and 
"Robinia."  "New  Brunswick  Fredonian,"  about  1858-59. — "The  Original 
Manifesto  of  the  Coldenham  Loyalists  of  1775."  "Kingston  Journal"  and 
other  papers.  "How  the  Union  is  to  be  Preserved."  "New  York  Journal 
of  Commerce,"  i860. — "Letter  to  the  156th  Regiment,  N.Y.  Volunteers." 
"New  Paltz  Independent,"  1863.  "The  Birth-Place  of  De  Witt  Clinton." 
"Ellenville  Journal,"  1872. — "The  Dutch  in  the  Revolution."  "Holland  City 
News,"  May,  1876. — In  the  Transactions  of  the  Ulster  County  Historical 
Society,  four  papers,  viz. :  "The  Indian  Forts  of  1663,"  "The  Origin  and 
Meaning  of  Shawangunk,"  "The  Crime,  Trial,  and  Execution  of  a  Negro 
Slave  in  1741,"  "Ulster  County  and  the  Expedition  against  Canada  in  1746." 
— Three  printed  pamphlets,  viz. :  Farewell  Sermon  at  Shawangunk,  May, 
1866.  Pub.  also  in  "Ch.  Int."  Arguments  for  a  Railroad  through  the  Val- 
ley of  the  Wallkill,  1864.  A  Plea  for  a  Railroad  from  Allegan  to  Holland, 
in  Dutch,  1868. — Centennial  Sermon  No.  xviii.  in  "Centennial  Discs." — 
Manuscripts  ready  for  the  press :  A  Sermon  on  "Moral  Courage,"  preached 
before  the  Ulster  County  Temperance  Society.  "The  Semi-Centennial 
History  of  the  Ulster  County  Bible  Society."  "History  of  the  Township 
and  Church  of  Shawangunk,"  200  pages,  8vo.  "The  Services  of  the  Militia 
of  Orange  and  Ulster  Counties,  in  the  Revolution,  with  Original  Muster- 
rolls,  Pay-rolls,  Orders,  etc."  "Memoir  of  Henry  Wisner,  a  Delegate  in 
the  Continental  Congress  of  1775-76,  and  of  his  Powder  Manufactory  at 
Philipsburgh,  N.  Y."  "Letters  from  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  to  the 
Ccetus,  1763-70,  with  Translation  and  Notes."    "Semi-Centennial  History 


THE    MINISTRY.  713 

of  the  Theological  Seminary  of.  the  Reformed  Church  at  New  Brunswick, 
with  Memoirs  of  its  deceased  Alumni  and  Professors/'  "The  Hardenbergh 
Family  and  Patent" — Also  manuscripts  furnished  to  the  New  York  Bureau 
of  Military  Statistics :  "A  Partial  Record  of  what  was  done  in  Ulster 
County  during  the  War  for  the  Union."  "Biographical  Sketches  of  those 
who  fell,  as  Volunteers,  from  the  Town  of  Shawangunk." — Memorial  Ser- 
mon on  "Rev.  Dr.  A.  T.  Stewart,"  1878.  In  "Stewart  Memorials." — Ad- 
dress as  Pres.  of  Hope  College  at  Cent.  N.B.S.,  p.  250,  of  Centennial  Vol. 

Note. — Dr.  Scott  lost  all  his  books  and  papers  in  the  great  fire  in  Michi- 
gan, Oct.  9,  1871,  and  hence  could  not  give  all  the  dates  of  his  publications 
with  definiteness. 

Scott,  James,  b.  in  Scotland,  1809;  Universities  of  Glasgow  and  Belfast;  c. 
to  America,  1832,  1.  Presbyt.  New  York,  34;  (German  Valley  and  Fox 
Hill,  Presbyt.,)  34-43,  Newark,  1st,  43-58,  d. 

His  mind  was  one  fitted  to  impress  and  attract.  The  predominance  of  the 
imaginative  faculties  rendered  his  discourses  very  attractive  and  popular, 
especially  to  the  young.  His  figures  and  illustration  rolled  forth  in  a  flood 
of  pictures,  and  when  he  preached  on  special  occasions,  crowds  attended 
him. 

In  conversation  he  was  distinguished  for  a  happy  and  extraordinary  com- 
bination of  vivacity  and  charity.  He  was  always  courteous  and  friendly  with 
all  classes  of  persons.  His  life  was  one  of  eminent  usefulness.  He  was 
always  glad  to  be  employed  in  the  service  of  others,  and  was  thus  contin- 
ually engaged.  Calls  to  attend  at  sick-beds  and  funerals,  to  advise  and  con- 
sole, were  always  attended  to  with  alacrity,  and  his  sympathizing  ministra- 
tions were  of  the  most  acceptable  character.  He  was  conspicuous  in  many 
of  the  benevolent  and  public  enterprises  of  the  city  in  which  he  lived.  He 
executed  trusts  for  widows  and  orphans,  encouraged  beginners  in  business, 
corresponded  for  journals  at  home  and  abroad,  was  sought  for  advice  in 
matters  of  domestic  and  social  relations,  wrote  letters  for  others,  and  at- 
tended to  all  the  minute  details  of  social  intercourse.  In  the  judicatories 
of  the  Church  he  was  always  ready  to  attend  to  any  duties. 

He  gave  himself  devotedly  to  the  duties  of  his  pastoral  charge,  was  dili- 
gent in  visitation;  conversation  with  the  young,  and  individual  exertion. 
He  was  peculiarly  distinguished  for  his  social  sympathies.  He  loved  the 
human  mind  and  heart.  His  imagination  and  poetical  tastes  led  him  to  an 
enthusiastic  love  of  nature.  He  loved  to  hear  the  human  voice,  and  it  was 
the  sweetest  music  to  him,  and  when  uttered  in  tones  of  friendship  and 
love,  it  was  irresistible.  He  had  withal  a  prudent  reserve,  and  was  only 
intimate  and  confidential  with  his  family  and  the  friends  of  his  youth.  He 
understood  human  nature  well,  and  by  adapting  himself  to  it  was  able  to 
impress,  convince,  and  control. — See  "Memorial,"  containing  sermons  by 
Drs.  G.  Abeel,  McKee,  and  Murdock. 

Publications:  "Life  of  Rev.  Robt.  Pollock."  i2mo,  pp.  364.  N.Y.,  1848. 
— "An  Epic.  Poem."  On  this  he  had  been  long  engaged.  It  had  but  re- 
cently been  finished  when  he  died.     He  left  directions  for  its  publication. 


714  THE    MINISTRY. 

He  and  Rev.  J.  L.  Chapman  issued  a  series  of  School  Books,  published  by 
A.  Williams,  Boston. 

Scoville,  Frank  C,  b.  North  Bingham,  Pa.;  A.C.  1875.  U.T.S.  78,  lie.  by 
Manhattan  Cong.  Assoc.  (Cong.,  Independence,  Kan.,  78-80,  Saugerties, 
X.Y.,  80-85,  post-graduate.  Andover  Sem.,  85-86,)  Greenwich,  N.Y., 
1896 

Scribner,  John  M.  U.C  1833.  N.B.S.  1836,  1.  CI.  of  Ulster,  1836;  Schoharie, 
1836-9,  Walden,  1839-42,  Prin.  Female  Sem.,  Auburn.  1842-4,  Prin. 
Female  Sem.,  Rochester,  1844-6,  supplied  Schoharie,  Mt.  and  North 
Blenheim,  1847-8,  w.  c.     Died  1881. 

Publication  :     "The  Ready  Reckoner." 

Scudder,  Charles  Judson  (son  of  John  Scudder,  Jr.),  b.  at  Vellore,  India, 
July,   1866;  R.C.  89,  N.B.S.  97,  lie.   CI.   N.Y. ;   Bay  Ridge,  Brooklyn, 

1897- 

Scudder.  Ezekiel  Carman,  (s.  of  John  Scudder,)  b.  Oct.  20,  1828,  in  Pan- 
deteripo,  Ceylon;  W.R.C.  50,  N.B.S.  55,  1.  and  ord.  CI.  N.B.  Voyage 
to  India,  Oct.  55-March  56,  Chittoor,  56-59,  supplied  Palamanair,  59- 
60,  Chittoor,  Jan...  61-62,  Vellore,  62-68,  also  supplied  Kundipatur,  66-68, 
Sekadu  and  Kattupadi,  67-68,  voyage  to  America,  March-Sept.  68;  in 
America,  68-70,  voyage  to  India,  autumn  of  70,  Ami,  70-76;  Vellore, 
73-76,  voyage  to  America,  April-Sept.  76;  S.S.  Upper  Red  Hook,  Sept. 
77-78,  Sept.;  pastor,  78-84,  (San  Antonio,  Texas,  84-89,  Presbyt.)  As- 
bury  Park,  N.J.,  89-96;  d.  Jan.  31.     M.D.,  D.D.,  W.R.C.  1885. 

When  eight  years  of  age  his  father  left  Ceylon,  going  to  Madras.  In 
due  time  he  came  to  America  for  education,  probably  in  1843.  After  ample 
preparation,  taking  also  one  course  of  medical  lectures  in  the  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  he  joined  his  brothers  already  in  India.  On  his 
return  to  America  in  1868,  he  spent  two  years  in  completing  his  medical 
education  at  the  Brooklyn  Hospital  for  Physicians.  On  account  of  a  sun- 
stroke he  was  obliged  to  abandon  the  mission  field  in  1876.  He  had  a 
watchful  eye,  and  feet  always  ready  to  go  on  missions  of  mercy  and  com- 
fort. He  set  a  noble  example  for  inciting  others  to  a  higher  life.  He  was 
a  man  of  rare  personal  gifts  and  of  scholarly  attainments,  and  whose  mis- 
sionary career  was  conspicuously  successful.  His  work  was  distinguished 
for  its  thoroughness  and  deeply  spiritual  character.  Some  of  the  most 
flourishing  village  churches  in  India  were  established  by  him.  At  Asbury 
Park,  a  year  before  his  death,  he  was  stricken  with  paralysis.  Ripe  in  years, 
in  work,  in  grace,  he  was  revered  and  beloved  by  all.  He  preached  a  pure 
and  simple  Gospel,  and  illustrated  its  excellence  in  all  relations.  As  the 
end  drew  near,  he  prayed  with  his  family.  His  mind  wandered,  and  he 
thought  himself  in  the  midst  of  his  missionary  work  in  India.  He  preached 
earnestly  to  a  supposed  audience  of  natives,  asking  them  if  they  had  made 
their  peace  with  God.  Thus  his  ruling  passion  was  strong  in  death.  "Mints. 
Gen.  Syn.,"  1896,  494. 

Publications  :  "Village  Work."  In  "Manual  of  Missions,  R.C.A." — 
Many  letters  in  the  papers  on  mission  work  in  India. 


THE   MINISTRY.  715 

Scudder,  Ezekiel  Carman,  Jr.   (son  of  Ezekiel  C.  Scudder),  b.  in  India, 

R.C.    79,    N.B.S.    82,    1.    CI.    Hudson;    Missionary    to    India,    82-1900, 

Wanaque,  N.  J.  1901 

Scudder,  Frank  Seymour  (son  of  Ezekiel  C.  Scudder),  b.  Conoor,  India, 

Apr.  28,  1862;  R.C.  85,  N.B.S.  90,  1.  CI.  N.B.  Havana,  111.  90-3,  Sec. 

Arabian  Mission,  93-4,  Mt.  Vernon,  N.  Y.  94-7,  Missionary,  Nagano, 

Japan,  1897 

Publications:  "Songs  of  Rutgers,"  1885. — "Sunday-School  Lesson 
Helps"  (in  Japanese),  1898-1901. — Articles  on  Arabia  and  Japan,  in  "Miss. 
Review  of  the  World,"  and  in  Religious  Papers. — "Easter  Anthem  and  Re- 
sponsive Service,"  in  Japanese. 

Scudder,  Harry  Johnston  (son  of  John  Scudder,  Jr.),  b.  Coonoor,  Neil- 
giri  Hills,  India,  Oct.  1,  1867;  R.  C.  90,  N.B.S.  97,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  ord.  by 

same,  May  31,  1897.    Missionary  at  Arcot,  India,  1897 

He  was  engaged  in  Educational  Work,  as  Principal  of  the  Arcot  Mission 
High  School,  Ranipettai,  India,  Oct.  90-Aug.  94;  Principal  of  Arcot  Mis- 
sion College,  Vellore,  India,  98-9;  in  charge  of  Coonoor  and  Ranipet  sta- 
tions, 1900-1. 

Scudder,  Henry  M.   (s.  of  John  Scudder),  b.  at  Pandeteripo,  Ceylon,  Feb. 
5,    1822;   N.Y.U.  40,   U.S.  43,   supplied  New    Rochelle,   43-4,  ord.   by 
Presbyt.  Nov.  12,  43,  voyage  to  India,  44,  Madura,  44-6,  Madras,  46-50, 
Arcot,  50-3,  Vellore,  53-7,  voyage  to  America,  Sept.  57-Ap.  58,  in  Amer- 
ica, 58-60,  voyage  to  India,  May-Dec.  60,  visiting  Switzerland  on  the 
way ;  Coonoor,  60-4,  Ootacamund,  64 ;  voyage  to  America,  June-Oct. 
64,  Jersey  City,  1st,  Dec.  64-May  65,    (San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Howard 
Ch.,  Presb.  65-71.    Brooklyn,  Cent.   Cong.,  71-83.   Chicago,   Plymouth 
Cong.,  83-7,  independent  missionary  to  Japan,  87-9),  w.  c,  but  living  at 
Pasadena,  Cal.,  89-90,  at  Chicago,  90-2,  at  Winchester,  Mass.  92-1895, 
d.  June  4.    M.D.  by  N.Y.U.  1853.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1859. 
He  went  to  India  under  the  American  Board,  and  remained  in  that  con- 
nection,  1844-51,  when  he  came  under  the  Board  of  the  Dutch   Church, 
and  so  continued,  1851-63,  when  he  was  obliged  to  resign  mission  work  on 
account  of  ill-health.    He  was  very  eloquent  and  successful  in  his  several 
charges  in  this  country. 

Publications:  "Address  at  Anniversary  Am.  Tract  Soc."  i860.— 
"Liturgy  of  R.P.D.C.  in  Tamil."  Madras.  1862.— "The  Bazaar  Book;  or, 
Vernacular  Preachers'  Companion."  In  Tamil.  8vo.  Madras,  1865.— 
"Sweet  ^Savors  of  Divine  Truth."  In  Tamil.  Madras,  1868.  (This  is  a 
Christian  Catechism,  with  Decalogue,  Creeds,  Prayers,  etc.). — "Spiritual 
Teaching."  In  Tamil.  Madras,  1870.— A  Sermon  on  "The  Coming  of 
Christ."  In  "Pulpit  and  Rostrum,"  vol  i. — A  Sermon  at  65th  Anniversary 
of  A.B.C.F.M.     1874. 

(His  son,  John  Lewis  Scudder,  b.  in  Madras  Presidency,  India,  1853; 
Y.C.  74,  U.S.  77,  lie.  by  Manhattan  Assoc,  Brooklyn,  77,  ord.  Worcester 
Cent.  Conf.,  Mass.,  77;  Shrewsbury,  Mass.,  Cong.,  1877-82,  Minneapolis, 
82-6,  Jersey  City,  Cong.  Tabernacle,  1886 ) 


yi6  THE    MINISTRY. 

Scudder,  JaRED  Waterbury  (s.  of  John  Scudder),  b.  Niligiri  Hills,  India, 
Feb.  8,  1830;  W.R.C.  50,  N.B.S.  55,  lie.  by  CI.  N.B.  55;  ord.  by  CI. 
N.  Y.  55 ;  voyage  to  India,  Oct.  55-March,  56,  Ami,  56-9,  voyage  to 
England,  Dec.  59-March,  60,  voyage  to  America,  60,  voyage  to  India, 
May-Sept.  62,  Chittoor,  62-75,  in  America,  75-8,  voyage  to  India,  76, 

Chittoor,  78 ;  Prof,  of  Theology,  Arcot  Theolog.  Sem.  1895 

M.D.  by  Long  Is.  Coll.  i860;  D.D.  by  R.C. 

Publications:  Translation  from  the  Tamil  into  English  of  Rev.  H.  M. 
Scudder's  "Spiritual  Teaching."  Madras,  1870;  also  of  his  "Bazaar  Book"; 
13  Tracts.— "Hist.  Sketch  of  the  Arcot  Mission."  In  "Manual  of  Mis- 
sions."— Was  also  a  member  of  Committee  for  revision  of  Tamil  transla- 
tion of  the  Bible. — "Critical  Commentary  of  Gospel  ol"  Matthew,"  in  Tamil. 
— "A  System  of  Didactic  Theology,"  in  Tamil,  pp.  700. — "Commentary  on 
Epistle  to  the  Romans,"  in  Tamil,  pp.  800. — Translation  of  "Westminster 
Shorter  Catechism,"  in  Tamil. 

Scudder,  John,  b.  at  Freehold,  N.  J.,  Sept.  3,  1793;  C.N.J.  1811,  Coll.  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  N.Y.C.,  1815  ;  practicing  medicine  in  N.Y.C. 
15-19;  voyage  to  India,  under  A.B.C.F.M.  (sailing  from  Boston  and 
arriving  at  Tillipally),  June  8-Dec.  19;  labored  as  a  minister  and  phy- 
sician in  Ceylon,  Feb.  20-May,  21 ;  ordained  May  15,  21,  in  a  Wesleyan 
Chapel  at  Jaffnapalam,  by  Congregationalists,  Baptists,  and  Methodists. 
Pandeteripo,  Ceylon,  21-36,  Madras,  36-41,  the  Neilgherry  Hills,  41-2, 
voyage  to  America,  Jan.-Aug.  42,  in  America,  42-6,  voyage  to  India, 
July-Nov.  46,  Madura,  46-8,  Madras,  48-54,  voyage  to  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  54,  died  at  Wynberg,  South  Africa,  Jan.  13,  1855.     M.D. 

He  was  a  grandson  of  the  illustrious  New  Jersey  patriot,  Col.  Nathaniel 
Scudder,  who  represented  his  State  in  the  Second  Continental  Congress 
and  who  was  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Articles  of  Confederation,  and  who 
lost  his  life  while  leading  his  regiment  at  the  battle  of  Monmouth. 

Dr.  John  Scudder  chose  the  medical  profession,  and  studied  with  Dr. 
Samuel  Forman,  of  Freehold,  N.  J.  He  afterward  settled  in  New  York, 
where  he  had  previously  been  house-surgeon  of  the  City  Hospital.  He  had 
united  with  the  old  Tennant  Presbyterian  Church  in  Freehold,  Oct.  13, 
1810,  under  the  ministry  of  Rev.  John  Woodhull,  and  now  transferred  his 
relations  to  Father  Bork's  church  in  Franklin  Street.  He  became  at  once 
an  active  member,  laboring  assiduously  in  various  ways  for  the  cause  of 
Christ.  Long  was  his  earnestness  of  spirit  and  fidelity  to  his  Master  re- 
membered by  that  people.  He  was  prominent  in  originating  prayer-meet- 
ings, kindly  exhorting  in  private  intercourse,  and  lending  his  influence  to 
every  plan  of  doing  good.  While  here,  engaged  in  his  profession,  the  claims 
of  the  heathen  were  brought  vividly  before  his  mind  in  a  peculiar  manner. 
In  professional  attendance  on  a  lady,  while  in  the  ante-room,  he  took  up  a 
tract  whose  title  was,  "The  Conversion  of  the  World ;  or,  The  Claims  of 
Six  Hundred  Millions,  and  the  Ability  and  Duty  of  the  Churches  Respect- 
ing Them."  This  ripened  convictions  often  felt  before,  and  he  resolved  to 
offer  his  services  to  the  American  Board,  and,  if  accepted,  at  once  prepare 


THE    MINISTRY.  71/ 

for  the  work.  He  had,  at  this  time,  an  extensive,  lucrative,  and  increasing 
practice. 

After  his  connection  with  the  Church,  he  passed  through  a  spiritual  con- 
flict of  no  ordinary  kind.  He  was  most  severely  tried.  Satan  seemed  to 
have  been  let  loose  upon  him.  Faith  and  its  foundations  seemed  gone  for- 
ever. He  was  in  an  agony  to  believe,  but  could  not.  He  doubted  of  all 
things,  yea,  even  of  his  own  existence.  Hope  died  within  him,  and  despair 
spread  her  pall  over  him.  Every  star  went  out  in  his  sky.  Satan  and  his 
legions  assailed  him  on  every  side.  He  felt  the  flap  of  their  demon  wings, 
and  was  poisoned  by  their  blasphemous  breath.  Horrid  thoughts  which 
could  never  be  uttered  by  mortal  man  crowded  thick  and  fast  upon  him. 
His  heart  was  like  a  sepulchre  full  of  specters.  The  terrors  of  hell  rolled 
like  quickly  succeeding  billows  over  him,  and  he  scarce  got  breath  between. 
For  many  months  he  ventured  not  to  the  communion-table.  Yet  in  the  roar 
and  darkness  of  that  fearful  tempest,  above  that  ocean  of  anguish,  there 
stood  an  unseen  form — the  Holy  One,  the  Crucified — who  caused  that  gasp- 
ing soul  in  all  its  blind  struggles  to  come  nearer  and  nearer  to  himself.  He 
had  once  seen  the  cross ;  he  had  once  been  near  it,  and  experienced  its  par- 
doning and  sanctifying  power,  and  it  was  still  the  magnet  of  his  soul.  He 
kept  his  eyes  on  that  point  of  the  spiritual  horizon  where  he  had  seen  it 
fade  from  view,  and  he  never  turned  them  elsewhere.  When  God  had  suffi- 
ciently shown  him  Satan's  power,  and  his  own  weakness ;  when  he  had 
bruised,  and  broken,  and  humbled  him — then  again  he  flooded  his  sky  with 
the  light  of  the  Sun  of  Righteousness.  Satan  shrank  away.  Peace  spread 
out  her  wings  over  his  weary  heart,  and  the  foretaste  of  hell's  agonies  was 
changed  into  an  antepast  of  heaven.  While  the  storm  raged,  God  fastened 
him  to  the  Rock  of  Ages,  as  he  had  never  been  fastened  to  it  before.  As  the 
surge  was  sweeping  him  away,  grace  guided  it  near  the  cross,  of  which  he 
had  lost  sight,  and  he  got  a  death-grip  of  it,  which  nothing  ever  after  could 
loosen.  He  came  out  of  those  conflicts  like  gold  out  of  the  fire.  He  began 
with  calm  joy  to  climb  the  Delectable  Mountains,  and  from  that  time  he 
dwelt  mostly  on  their  happy  summits.  These  trials  eminently  prepared  him 
to  encounter  the  difficulties  of  the  newly-developing  missionary  work.  He 
was  to  meet  none  so  great  as  those  he  had  already  overcome,  and  he  was 
thrust  forth  a  well-equipped  and  experienced  warrior,  to  carry  the  battle 
with  an  intrepid  spirit  into  the  heart  of  Satan's  territories — even  to  the 
grim  frowning  walls  of  one  of  his  oldest  and  strongest  fortresses,  Hindoo- 
stan.   God  thus  prepared  him,  and  then  he  called  him  to  the  mission  field. 

Mr.  Newell  had  begun  a  mission  in  Ceylon  in  1812,  and  in  1816  five  new 
missionaries  joined  him,  namely,  Meigs,  Richards,  Warren,  Bardwell.  and 
Poor.  But  in  two  years,  through  death  and  sickness  compelling  a  change  of 
climate,  Messrs.  Poor  and  Meigs  were  left  the  only  missionaries  on  the 
island.  In  June,  1819,  Messrs.  Winslow,  Spaulding,  Woodward,  and  Scud- 
der  were  sent  to  re-enforce  them.  They  went  by  the  way  of  Calcutta,  and 
were  at  their  station  in  February,  1820.  In  1822,  the  plan  of  a  college  was 
drawn  up,  and  soon  put  in  successful  operation.  Early  in  1824  a  general 
revival  was  enjoyed.  The  success  of  the  Ceylon  Mission  was  wonderful. 
(See  the  "Cyclopedia  of  Missions.")     In  1836  it  was  thought  advisable  to 


7l8  THE    MINISTRY. 

establish  a  printing-press  at  Madras,  to  issue  the  Scriptures  and  tracts  in 
the  Tamil  language.  To  accomplish  this,  a  mission  was  started  there  under 
the  care  of  Messrs.  Winslow  and  Scudder.  The  latter  took  up  his  residence 
at  Chintadrepettah.  The  establishing  of  a  press  was  consummated  under 
unusually  favorable  circumstances,  a  large  printing  establishment,  fully 
equipped,  of  the  Church  Missionary  Society  falling  into  their  possession  in 
1838.  The  first  year  they  printed  6,000,000  of  pages  of  Scripture  and  tracts, 
increasing  the  number  in  subsequent  years.  The  missionaries  itinerated  far 
into  the  interior,  scattering  the  truth,  and  several  regular  preaching  sta- 
tions were  soon  established.  These  were  the  germs  of  the  Arcot  Mission. 
It  was  received  under  the  American  Board  in  1852. 

Dr.  Scudder  had  a  strong  mind.  He  was  a  vigorous,  able  thinker.  He 
thought  out  his  conclusions  in  straight  lines  of  his  own.  knowing  nothing 
of  circuitous  approaches. 

He  had  decision  of  character.  His  outward  countenance  was  the  truthful 
index  of  the  inward  mental  structure.  His  thought  and  expression  were  of 
a  peculiarly  decisive  cast  where  evil  was  concerned.  He  was  endowed  with 
perseverance.  Whatever  he  undertook,  he  steadiiy  pursued.  He  never  re- 
laxed his  hold  upon  a  object,  nor  retreated  from  a  course  which  he  be- 
lieved to  be  right.  This  trait  was  forcibly  exhibited  in  his  unremitting  la- 
bors as  a  street-preacher.  Apathy,  ridicule,  scorn,  abuse,  blasphemy,  blows, 
stonings,  physical  languor,  the  natural  shrinking  of  the  spirit,  and  many 
other  causes  combined,  could  not  force  him  to  succumb  in  a  single  instance. 

He  was  capable  of  endurance,  and  willing  to  suffer.  He  seldom  spoke  of 
pain,  however  severe.  He  had  power  to  bear  it.  Fixedness  of  feature 
alone  revealed  it.  A  cancer  once  appeared  in  his  foot.  Without  telling  even 
his  wife  what  he  was  about  to  do,  he  shut  himself  up  in  a  room  with  a  serv- 
ant, and  dissected  out  the  malignant  growth.  He  only  just  made  out  to 
get  through  with  it,  but  he  did  it  without  flinching. 

He  was  both  stern  and  tender.  But  he  had  a  warm,  kind  heart,  possessing 
deep  fountains  of  tenderness  and  overflowing  affection.  He  loved  with  the 
full  energy  of  his  -pirit.  He  was  courageous.  It  is  dangerous  for  a  mis- 
sionary to  enter  the  great  temples  in  southern  India  during  their  festival 
days.  They  can  claim  no  protection  from  Government  there.  Nevertheless, 
he  went  in  one  and  became  involved  in  the  throng  which  fills,  on  such 
occasions,  those  vast  edifices.  He  could  not  find  the  way  out  again,  and 
was  obliged  to  wait  till  midnight,  when  he  followed  the  procession,  which 
at  that  time  left  the  temple.  Any  one  might  have  killed  him  there,  and  the 
murderer  never  have  been  known. 

While  decided  in  his  own  views,  he  was  a  man  of  liberal  spirit.  He  had 
not  an  iota  of  bigotry  in  him.  He  refused  to  exalt  the  non-essentials  of 
religion  to  a  position  subversive  of  charity  and  fellowship.  His  eye  was 
single.  All  the  strong  feelings  of  his  strong  nature  were  concentrated  in 
the  holy  passion  of  love  to  Christ.  An  hour  and  a  halt"  at  early  morn,  and 
an  hour  at  night,  were  always  sacred  to  reading  the  Bible,  meditation, 
prayer,  and  praise.  At  these  times  he  studied  the  Bible  in  connection  with 
the  marginal  references  He  told  one  of  his  sons  that  his  ambition  was  to 
be  one  of  the  inner  circle  around  Jesus  in  heaven.    For  years  he  had  no 


THE    MINISTRY.  719 

doubt  of  his  salvation.  Sacred  music,  vocal  or  instrumental,  and  often  ex- 
tempore hymns,  were  his  delight.  He  read  but  few  books  besides  the 
Bible.     The  "Vicar  of  Wakefield"  was  the  only  novel  he  ever  read. 

He  made  it  a  constant  practice  to  speak  to  all  those  in  whose  company 
he  was  thrown,  about  their  souls.  Whether  coolie,  hawker,  servant, 
stranger,  or  friend,  black  or  white,  child  or  adult,  rich  or  poor,  he  spake  to 
all  of  Jesus  and  the  great  salvation.  Even  those  who  were  on  their  guard 
against  him  could  seldom  outwit  him,  or  foil  him  in  his  design.  An  Eng- 
lish lady,  high  in  rank  and  influence,  called  on  him,  and  her  daughter,  hav- 
ing heard  of  Dr.  Scudder's  habits,  determined  not  to  see  him,  and  remained 
in  the  carriage;  but  he  managed  with  politeness  and  kindness  to  have  a 
brief  interview  with  her  and  tell  the  way  of  life.  It  was  also  his  custom  to 
have  one  or  more  unconverted  persons  as  objects  of  special,  continued 
prayer.  God  made  him  the  means  of  many  conversions.  His  tract,  "Knock- 
ing at  the  Door,"  has  been  much  blessed. 

He  had  the  true  spirit  of  a  reformer.  When  he  came  to  India,  mission- 
aries drank  wine.  He  drank  it  himself.  But  as  soon  as  the  trumpet-clang  of 
teetotalism  smote  across  the  ocean  on  his  ears,  he  stopped,  examined  the 
subject,  decided  that  total  abstinence  was  the  only  rational  and  righteous 
course.  Again,  when  the  question  of  caste  in  the  Christian  Church  was 
mooted,  he  studied  it  thoroughly,  and  put  his  hand  vigorously  to  the  extir- 
pation of  caste,  root  and  branch.  He  was  then  a  member  of  the  Madura 
Mission.  He  said  that  "caste  was  the  mightiest  obstacle  to  the  progress  of 
the  gospel ;  that  it  was  a  monster  that  defied  description,  worse  than  idol- 
atry itself."  Led  by  him  they  threw  off  this  enemy  which  was  feeding  on 
their  very  vitals,  and  from  that  day  the  course  of  that  mission  has  been 
upward  and  prosperous. 

He  was  never  disheartened.  When  asked  in  America,  "What  are  the 
discouragements  of  the  missionary  work?"  he  answered,  "I  do  not  know  the 
word.  I  long  ago  erased  it  from  my  vocabulary."  Here  was  the  command, 
"Preach  the  gospel  to  every  creature."  Here  likewise  was  the  promise, 
"My  word  shall  not  return  unto  me  void."  These  furnished  him  with  im- 
movable foundations. 

Almost  every  large  town  in  the  south-eastern  part  of  Hindoostan  heard 
the  gospel  from  his  lips.  His  tours  were  many  and  extensive.  He  once 
stood  eleven  consecutive  hours,  when  on  a  tour,  at  his  post.  He  did  not 
stop  even  to  eat,  but  had  coffee  brought  to  him.  It  was  his  habit  when  thus 
standing  to  lean  on  his  left  arm,  and  it  was  supposed  by  his  medical  advi- 
sers that  this  was  the  cause  of  its  becoming  paralyzed.  When  he  left  India 
to  visit  America,  it  hung  motionless  by  his  side.  He  recovered  its  use  on 
the  voyage.  After  he  had  become  unable  lo  itinerate,  he  preached  twice 
daily,  in  Madras,  only  excepting  Friday  morning,  his  fast  day.  When  he- 
heard  that  his  son  Samuel,  whom  he  expected  shortly  to  join  him,  was 
dead,  he  resolved  to  make  up  Samuel's  loss  by  extra  work,  especially  since 
so  few  missionaries  came  to  India.  This  excessive  labor  soon  brought  on 
his  first  serious  illness.  He  subsequently  preached  twice  daily,  but  his  fail- 
ing strength  soon  compelled  him  to  lessen  his  labors,  and  ultimately  to  take 
a  voyage  to  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.    The  voyage  and  change  seemed 


720  THE    MINISTRY. 

greatly  to  benefit  him.  He  endeared  himself  to  the  colonists  there  by  fre- 
quent services.  He  had  taken  passage,  and  was  on  the  eve  of  embarking 
again  for  India,  when  he  was  suddenly  stricken  down  by  apoplexy  and 
died.— Extracts  from  a  letter  of  Rev.  Dr.  H.  M.  Scudder.  This  letter  is 
given  with  much  more  fulness  in  the  Manual  of  1879.  See  "Life  of  Dr. 
John  Scudder,"  by  Rev.  Dr.  Waterbury.  "Sprague's  Annals."  "Cyclo- 
pedias of  Missions." 

Publications:  "A  Voice  from  the  East";  being  a  series  of  letters  to 
the  children  of  R.D.C.— "Grandpapa's  Talk  with  Little  Mary."  2  vols. 
i8mo.— "The  Redeemer's  Last  Command."— "The  Harvest  Perishing."— 
"An  Appeal  to  Christian  Mothers,  in  behalf  of  the  heathen,"  1844.  Pubd. 
by  Tract  Soc— "Knocking  at  the  Door."— "Passing  over  Jordan."  1841  — 
Letters  to  Children  on  Missionary  Subjects. — Communications  of  Dr. 
Scudder,  scattered  through  thirty-five  volumes  of  the  "Missionary  Herald," 
1820-55.— "An  Earnest  Appeal  to  Physicians."  1832.— Letters  in  "Christian 
Intelligencer."— "Tales  about  the  Heathen." — "Journal"  (in  part)  and  some 
letters  in  "Waterbury's  Memoir  of." 

Scudder's  Letters  to  Ministers  of  R.D.C.  in  the  U.S.,  and  to  the  Society 
of  Inquiry  in  New  Brunswick,  1833.  were  published  in  pamphlet  form. 
These  letters  were  also  published  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  in  the  fall  of  1833.  See 
Nov.  10,  1833,  p.  64,  for  reference. 

For  sketch  of  his  mother,  Mrs.  Maria  Scudder,  see  "Ch.  Int.."  Jan.  20, 
1859.  She  died  Dec.  21,  1858,  in  the  90th  year  of  her  age.  An  oil  painting 
of  her  husband,  Joseph  Scudder,  is  in  possession  of  Mrs.  Andrews,  of 
Hudson,  X.  Y. 

It  will  be  of  interest  to  the  friend-  of  missions  to  see  the  relationship 
of  the  many  Scudders  who  are  now.  or  have  been,  in  the  ministry  or  mis- 
sionary service  of  the  Church.  The  consecration  by  one  man  of  himself 
to  this  cause,  has  led  to  vast  results.  His  faithful  work  did  much,  also,  in 
leading  his  denomination  to  enter  more  earnestly  into  the  work  of  Foreign 
Missions.  Rev.  John  Scudder,  M.D.  (.1703-1855).  had  the  following 
children  : 

I.  Henry  Martyn  Scudder,  M.D..  D.D.     Missionary. 

II.  William  Waterbury  Scudder,   D.D.      Missionary. 

III.  Joseph  Scudder,  M.D.     Missionary. 

IV.  Ezekiel  Carman  Scudder,  M.D.,  D.D.     Missionary. 

V.  Jared  Waterbury  Scudder,  M.D.,  D.D.     Missionary. 

VI.  Samuel  Scudder.     Died  while  in  College. 

VII.  Silas  Downer  Scudder.     Missionary. 

VIII.  John.  M.D.     Missionary. 

IX.  Harriet. 

X.  Louisa. 

I.  Henry  Martyn   Scudder   (1822-95)  had  the  following  children: 

1.  Harry,  M.D.     Physician. 

2.  Rev.  John,  of  Jersey  City. 

3.  Hattie. 

4.  Katie,  missionary   of  the  American  Board. 


Rev.  Dr.  John  Scudder  and  Wife. 
In  India,  1819-1855. 


THE   MINISTRY.  721 

5.  Doremus,  missionary  of  the  American  Board. 

6.  Fannie. 

II.  William  Waterbury  Scudder   (1823-95)   had  the  following  children: 

1.  Rev.  William  W. 

2.  Rev.  Lewis  R..  b.  1861.     Missionary. 

3.  Katharine.     Missionary. 

4.  Frances. 

III.  Joseph  Scudder  (1826-76)  left  no  children. 

IV.  Ezekiel  Carman  Scudder  (1828-96)  had  the  following  children: 

1.  Rev.  Ezekiel  Carman.     Missionary. 

2.  Myron  T.     Teacher. 

3.  Frank.     Missionary. 

4.  Sarah.     Married  Rev.  Silas  Scudder.     Missionary. 

5.  Harriet. 

6.  Anne. 

7.  Isabel. 

V.  Jared  Waterbury  Scudder,  b.  1830,  had  the  following  children: 

1.  Rev.  William  H. 

2.  J.  Waterbury.     Teaching. 

3.  Clarence.     Died  in  College. 

4.  Julia.     Missionary. 

5.  Bessie.     Married  Dr.  Harry  Scudder,  of  Chicago. 

VI.  Samuel  Scudder  (1827-49)  died  in  College. 

VII.  Silas  Downer  Scudder  (1833-77),  M.D.,  had  the  following  children: 

1.  Silas  Downer. 

2.  Frederic. 

3.  Nellie. 

4.  Joseph. 

5.  Lillie. 

VIII.  John  Scudder   (1835-1900)  had  the  following  children: 

1.  John  S. 

2.  Lewis. 

3.  Rev.  Charles.     Pastor  at  Bay  Ridge,  Brooklyn. 

4.  Harry.     Missionary. 

5.  Walter.     Missionary. 

6.  Ida.     Missionary. 

There  is  an  excellent  account  of  the  Scudder  ancestry  in  "Wicke's  Hist. 

of  Medicine  in  New  Jersey,"  page  389. 

Scudder,  John,  M.D.  (s.  of  John  Scudder),  b.  at  Chavagacherry,  in  Ceylon, 
Oct.  29,  1835;  R.C.  57.  N.B.S.  60,  lie.  and  ord.  CI.  N.Y.  May,  60;  voy- 
age to  India,  March-June,  61,  Chittoor,  61-63,  Arcot  and  Ami,  63, 
Palamanair,  65-66,  Arcot,  65-74,  Gnanodiam,  74-76,  Ami  and  Vellore, 
76-78,  in  America,  1878-82  (in  Nebraska),  Ami,  82-85,  Tindivanam,  85- 
92,  Vellore,  92-94,  in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.  94-97,  Vellore,  97-1900,  d. 
May  23. 

D.D.  by  R.C.  1896.     Vice-President  of  General  Synod.  1897. 


7-2  THE    MINISTRY  . 

Through  a  period  of  nearly  forty  years,  he  labored  with  great  fidelity. 
Besides  the  several  stations  which  he  occupied,  he,  for  a  long  time,  officiated 
also  as  Mission  Secretary  and  Treasurer.  Few  missionaries  have  been  hon- 
ored with  responsibilities  as  varied  and  important. 

As  an  evangelist  he  boldly  declared  to  the  heathen,  in  season  and  out  of 
season,  the  whole  counsel  of  God.  As  a  pastor  he  faithfully  nourished  the 
large  flock  committed  to  his  charge.  As  a  physician  he  tenderly  minis- 
tered to  the  sick  and  the  poor.  As  an  administrator  he  carefully  managed 
the  mission  finances,  and  rendered  valuable  help  in  its  counsels.  A  genial 
and  beloved  friend,  he  brought  cheer  to  our  Mission  gatherings,  and  ren- 
dered help  to  hi-  associates.  In  labors  abundant,  in  faith  unflinching,  in 
character  blameless.  He  was  the  youngest  of  the  seven  brothers  who,  with 
two  sisters,  followed  their  parents  to  India,  and  whose  names  are  so  inter- 
woven with  the  progress  and  success  of  the  Arcot  Mission:  and  he,  in 
turn,  has  left  two  sons  and  a  daughter  in  the  same  Mission. 

Cheerfulness  and  perseverance,  broad  sympathies  and  strong  convictions, 
self-forgetfulness  and  unbounded  faith  were  his  characteristics.  His  pres- 
ence was  ever  a  tonic,  his  steady  devotion  ever  an  inspiration.  "In  the  home 
circle  he  was  the  model  father,  his  children's  'friend  and  brother  and  spir- 
itual helper,'  knitting  himself  closely  into  their  hearts  and  life."  On  the 
mission  field  he  ever  shunned  prominence,  but  never  shirked  work.  His 
first  term  of  service  was  for  seventeen  years  and  his  second  for  eleven 
years.  Without  a  murmur  he  changed  stations  whenever  the  interests  of 
the  work  called,  until  he  had  lived  in  all  but  one  of  the  Stations  of  the 
Mission.  "He  literally  made  himself  a  servant  of  the  Mission.  In  1871  to 
1878  he  did  the  work  of  three  and  part  of  the  time  of  five  missionaries 
postponing  his  furlough  year  after  year  that  others  might  take  theirs." 

He  chose  and  was  content  to  be  "'only  a  village  missionary."  Other 
duties  were  assigned  him,  as  already  mentioned.  He  also  had  charge  of 
the  building  of  the  Church  and  Mission  House  at  Tnidivanam.  and  for 
three  years  of  the  Ranipettai  Hospital,  during  which  he  opened  the  Lying- 
in-ward.  He  administered  large  sums  during  the  great  famine  of  1876-78; 
but  during  all  his  long  service,  preaching  to  the  heathen  and  "the  care  of 
the  Churches"  were  pre-eminently  his  chosen  work.  A  fearless  preacher. 
he  proclaimed  the  law  in  its  full  breadth,  but  he  also  presented  the  Gospel 
with  a  tenderness  that  moved  his  Tamil  audience  to  tears.  In  evangelistic 
fervor  and  pastoral  faithfulness,  in  short,  in  all  that  makes  a  successful 
missionary  on  the  field,  none  have  surpassed  and  few  have  equaled  him. 
Many  thousands  in  the  Arcot  districts  have  heard  from  him  the  Gospel, 
and  hundreds  of  native  Christians  own  him  as  their  spiritual   father. 

S  e  "Report  of  the  Arcot  Mission";  of  the  Board  of  Missions.  "Mints, 
of  Gen.  Synod."  1000,  p.  901.     "Biog,  Notices  of  Grads.  of  R.C.,"  1900,  22. 

Scudder,  Joseph  <  s.  of  John  Scudder),  b.  July  14.  1826;  R.C.  1848.  N.B.S. 
51,  1.  CI.  N.Y. ;  voyage  to  India.  512,  Arcot  and  Arnee,  53-6.  attending 
his  father  in  his  voyage  to  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  55-6:  Coonoor,  56-9, 
voyage  to  England,  Dec,  59-March,  60,  voyage  to  America.  60,  Chap- 
lain   in   Union  army.  61.   Chaplain   at    Fori    Columbus,   Governor's   Tsl- 


THE    MINISTRY.  723 

and,  61-3,  Sec.  Am.  and  For.  Ch.  Union,  63-70,  in  service  of  Ref.  Ch. 

Bd.   For.   Miss.,   Feb.  71-2,  Feb.;   Glenham,   72-5,   Upper   Red   Hook, 

75-6,  d.  Nov.  21,  M.D.  D.D.  by  U.C. 
He  shared  fully  in  the  enthusiasm  of  his  parents  and  brothers  in  the 
great  work  of  foreign  missions,  to  which  they  have  all  devoted  the  best  of 
their  lives.  He  was  ardent,  impulsive,  energetic,  and  industrions,  a  man 
of  feeling  and  a  man  of  action;  and  above  all  "a  man  of  God."  His  im- 
paired health  was  a  constant  restraint  upon  a  spirit  that  panted  for  con- 
stant service,  and  only  a  strong  will,  with  God's  grace,  enabled  him  to  ac- 
complish much  of  what  he  did  in  long  years  of  feebleness.  Twenty-five 
years  in  the  ministry,  of  which  about  fifteen  were  spent  in  India,  and  much 
of  the  remainder  in  mission  labors  for  our  own  and  other  lands,  make  a 
record  which  will  long  bear  precious  fruits. 

Dr.  Scudder  was  an  effective  speaker,  possessed  of  large  and  varied  at- 
tainments, and  of  a  natural  eloquence  which  he  often  used  with  power.  His 
wife  published  "Captain  Waltham" ;  a  truthful  presentation  of  work  done 
by  members  of  the  Arcot  Mission. 

Scudder,  Lewis  R.  (son  of  Wm.  W.  Scudder),  b.  Vellore,  India,  Dec.  22, 
1861 ;  C.NJ.  82,  Hartford  Theolog.  Sem.  85 ;  lie.  by  Hartford  Assoc. 
84,  reed,  as  licentiate  by  CI.  of  N.  Y.  85;  Med.  Deptmt.  of  U.N.Y.  88; 
missionary  to  Arcot,  India,  1888 .     Visited  America,  1899-1901. 

Scudder,  Samuel  D.  (s.  of  J.  Scudder),  b.  in  Ceylon,  1827;  R.C.  47,  N.B.S. 
d.  Nov.  14,  1849. 

Scudder,  Silas  D.  (s.  of  John  Scudder)  ;  b.  in  Ceylon,  Nov.  6,  1833;  R.C. 
56,  arrived  in  India,  Jan.  61;  went  as  a  physician;  lie.  CI.  Arcot,  62; 
Arnee,  62-3,  Palamanair,  63-5,  Coonoor,  64,  in  charge  of  the  Dispen- 
sary in  Arcot,  65-72,  in  Europe,  72,  in  America,  73,  died  Dec.  1877. 
M.D. 

He  became  a  Christian  and  a  missionary  by  the  power  of  prayer.  The 
burden  of  the  supplications  of  his  parents  and  brothers,  was,  ''Make  him  a 
Christian  and  make  him  a  missionary."  He  knew  that,  but  he  was  unwill- 
ing to  be  a  missionary.  He  desired  to  be  a  physician  in  New  York  City. 
So  he  resisted.  But  whatever  he  did,  and  wherever  he  went,  he  was  begirt 
and  beset  by  prayer.  At  last  he  yielded  to  the  Spirit  of  God.  He  was  asso- 
ciated with  Dr.  Simms,  then  engaged  in  founding  what  has  become  the 
Woman's  Hospital.  His  prospects  were  bright  and  alluring.  He  was  on 
the  high  road  to  honor  and  wealth.  He  turned  his  back  on  this  and  went 
to  India  as  a  missionary.  He  established  a  hospital  and  dispensary  at  Ar- 
cot. At  first  opposition  was  encountered.  It  was  difficult  to  obtain  a 
building.  But  the  work  finally  commended  itself,  and  the  confidence  of  the 
English  officials  was  won.  They  gave  over  to  the  institution  a  noble  build- 
ing and  ample  grounds,  with  outbuildings  in  which  patients  of  different 
castes  could  be  treated  separately.  Probably  no  missionary  medical  work  in 
all  India  was  so  generously  provided  for.  The  government  made  an  annual 
appropriation  toward  the  current  expenses.  Many  English  residents  made 
annual  contributions.  Lord  Napier,  the  Governor  of  the  Madras  Presidency, 
was  among  the  regular  subscribers  to  the  treasury.    When   Mr.   Seward 


724  THE    MINISTRY. 

visited  India,  Lord  Napier  conducted  him  to  this  hospital  and  dispensary 
as  one  of  the  chief  objects  of  interest  in  his  Presidency.  Many  thousands 
of  Hindoos  sought  the  benefits  of  the  treatment  granted  gratuitously.  One 
hundred  or  more  patients  were  treated  every  day.  Dr.  Scudder  worked 
with  untiring  industry,  with  great  spirit  and  vigor.  Rising  at  daylight,  he 
took  a  cup  of  coffee  and  a  bit  of  bread,  and  then  walked  to  the  dispensary. 
Frequently  he  was  unable  to  return  to  his  breakfast  before  eleven  o'clock. 
A  large  outdoor  practice  was  skillfully  and  faithfully  attended  to.  The 
English  residents,  the  high  caste  natives,  and  those  able  to  pay  for  his  serv- 
ices, called  him  to  their  houses.  High  caste  ladies  placed  themselves  under 
his  treatment.  To  the  attendants  at  the  dispensary  and  hospital  he  ex- 
pounded the  Scriptures,  and  declared  the  doctrines  of  eternal  life.  He 
disliked  it  extremely.  He  was  a  doctor,  not  a  preacher.  He  went  to  India 
to  do  and  not  to  talk.  The  patients  coming  to  the  dispensary  were  attended 
by  their  friends,  and  so  the  audience  was  usually  a  large  one.  He  con- 
quered his  reluctance  and  talked  to  them.  The  work  had  a  marked  effect 
on  the  millions  of  people  to  whom  the  mission  sought  to  minister.  Antip- 
athies, oppositions,  hostility  were  softened  and  removed.  Eyes  that  once 
glared  fiercely  on  the  missionary  preachers,  now  had  a  friendly,  kindly  look. 
The  patients  came  from  homes  for  forty  miles  around.  They  returned  to 
tell  of  the  Christian  love  and  Christian  instruction  they  had  received.  The 
treatment  was  very  successful ;  very  few  of  the  patients  died,  many  were 
decidedly  relieved,  the  large  majority  were  cured.  The  physicians  stood 
alone.  There  was  no  one  to  consult  with,  except  occasionally,  when  Dr. 
John  Scudder  was  present.  A  class  of  medical  students  was  also  taught. 
Some  of  them  are  now  successful  practitioners.  The  work  was  done  with- 
out ostentation ;  no  noise  was  made  about  it.  The  Board  at  home  pleaded 
for  at  least  a  quarterly  report.  The  answer  was  that  there  was  nothing  to 
write  about.  It  was  nothing  to  him,  the  physician,  but  it  was  a  great  thing 
to  the  mission,  and  the  Board,  and  the  Church,  and  it  was  everything, 
even  life  or  death,  to  the  patients.    The  record  speaks  for  itself. 

Dr.  Silas  D.  Scudder  was  in  India  nearly  thirteen  years.  When  his  health 
was  broken  apparently  beyond  mending,  he  turned  away  from  his  work  and 
came  home  to  die.  He  never  recovered  from  the  injuries  received  from 
overwork,  from  a  tropical  sun  and  malarious  climate. — See  "Reports  of  the 
Arcot  Dispensary." 

Scudder,  Walter  Tracey  (son  of  John  Scudder,  Jr.)  R.C.  1892,  N.B.S. 
97,  1.  CI.  N.B. :  Oyster  Bay,  97-9,  missionary  to  India,  1899 

Scudder,  William  H.  (son  of  Jared  Scudder).  R.C.  1878,  N.B.S.  82,  lie.  by 
CI.  N.B. ;  New  Durham.  1882-4.  (Chicago,  Plymouth  Congregational, 
1884 ) 

Scudder,  Wm.  Waterbury  (s.  of  John  Scudder).  b.  at  Pandeteripo,  Ceylon, 
1823;  C.N.J.  41,  P.S.  45,  lie.  by  Presbyt.  Elizabeth.  N.J. ;  ord.  Presbt. 
Elizabeth,  N.J.,  July  14,  46;  voyage  to  India,  Nov.  46-Feb.  47.  Batti- 
cotta,  Chavagacherry,  and  Manepy,  Ceylon,  47-51,  voyage  to  America, 
51,  to  India.  52,  Arcot  and  Chittoor,  52-56,  voyage  to  America.  Dec. 
56-57,  Mar. ;  in  America,  57-58,  voyage  to  India,  Dec.  58-59,  Ap. ;  Chit- 


THE    MINISTRY.  725 

toor,  59-61,  Vellore,  61-71,  in  charge  of  Arcot  Sem.,  64-71,  voyage  to 
America,  May-Aug.  72;  (Glastonbury,  Ct.  1st  Cong.  Ch.,  Dec.  17,  73- 
84),  retd.  to  India;  Madanapalle,  85-9;  Palmaner,  Prof,  of  Theol- 
ogy in  Arcot  Sem.  89-93,  retd.  to  America ;  died  Mar.  4,  1895. 

He  was  converted  during  a  revival  in  Springfield,  Mass.,  in  the  winter 
of  1835-6.  In  1839  he  united  with  the  Presbyterian  Church  of  Elizabeth, 
N.  J. ;  he  spent  one  year  before  leaving  for  India  in  medical  studies.  In 
1852,  in  conjunction  with  two  brothers,  Henry  M.  and  Joseph,  he  estab- 
lished the  Arcot  Mission  and  organized  the  Classis  of  Arcot.  In  1873 
family  circumstances  seemed  to  make  a  return  to  this  country  necessary; 
and  in  December  of  that  year  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Congregational 
Church  at  Glastonbury,  Conn.,  which  he  served  for  eleven  years.  In  1885, 
though  over  sixty  years  of  age,  the  way  being  opened  for  a  return  to  India, 
he  sailed  thither,  laboring  there  for  nine  years,  first  at  Madanapalle,  reliev- 
ing Dr.  Chamberlain ;  and  then  at  Palamaner,  as  General  Synod's  Profes- 
sor of  Theology  in  the  Seminary  in  the  Arcot  Mission.  In  the  summer  of 
1894,  his  health  was  so  broken  that  he  was  compelled  to  return  to  Glaston- 
bury, and  pass  what  remained  to  him  of  life  among  the  beloved  people  of 
his  former  charge.  His  life  was  a  record  of  consecrated  devotion  to  mis- 
sionary service.  To  this  he  was  set  apart  in  infancy,  and  in  it  he  achieved 
great  things.  More  than  half  of  the  native  preachers  and  teachers  in  the 
Arcot  field  before  1893,  were  instructed  by  him,  who  was  called  Dr.  Wil- 
liam, and  "the  very  just  father."  Firmly  settled  in  his  views  of  Bible 
truths,  he  taught  them  with  unswerving  loyalty.  Judicial  strictness  and 
compassionate  tenderness  characterized  his  treatment  of  the  natives.  Manly 
dignity  and  childlike  simplicity  were  beautifully  blended  in  his  bearing. 
His  work  on  the  foreign  field  cannot  be  estimated.  Beloved  by  those  among 
whom  he  wrought,  his  influence  over  them  was  great.  Arduous  and  fruit- 
ful as  were  the  other  years  of  his  missionary  life,  those  spent  in  the  pro- 
fessorate were  as  full  of  labor,  and  of  at  least  equal  value  and  importance. 
For  that  work  he  had  special  adaptation,  in  his  quiet  dignity, 
free  from  all  assumption,  in  his  kindly,  sympathetic  nature,  and  his 
capacity  to  win  the  confidence  and  admiring  affection  of  his  pupils, 
in  his  love  for  the  truth,  his  soundness  in  the  faith,  his  deep  spirituality 
and  piety,  and  in  his  intellectual  power  and  equipment.  He  had  a  con- 
suming zeal,  and  at  the  same  time  a  well-balanced  judgment;  qualities  not 
always  united  in  the  same  man.  At  the  time  that  the  Reformed  Church 
withdrew  from  the  American  Board,  his  counsel  and  experience  were  of 
great  value  in  shaping  the  policy  and  devising  the  methods  of  the  new 
departure,  as  well  as  in  commending  it  to  the  favor  of  our  people.  Those 
who  worked  with  him  at  that  time  bear  testimony  to  his  combination  of 
faith  and  fervor,  with  a  far-seeing  sagacity,  and  a  skillful  adaptation  of 
means  to  ends.  He  was  a  man  whose  very  face  and  manner,  as  well  as 
voice,  proclaimed  him  the  Lord's  ambassador.  He  suffered  great  physical 
weakness  during  the  last  six  years  of  his  work,  which  continued  after  his 
cessation  from  labor.  A  disease  wearing  and  depressing  had  fastened  upon 
him.     Before  coming  home  he  spoke  of  his  desire  to  depart  and  be  with 


726  THE    MINISTRY. 

Christ,    yet    struggled    on    with    his    work,    though    urged    to    give    it    up. 
"Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1895,  214. 

Publications:  His  wife,  Mrs.  William  W.  Scudder,  published  "Nine- 
teen Centuries  of  Missions,"  1899. 

Searle,  Edward  Van  Vechten    (son  of  Samuel  T.  Searle),  b.  Wyckoff, 
N.  J.  Oct.  20,  1869;  R.C.  91,  N.B.S.  94.  I.  CI.  Kingston:  Berea,  94-Dec. 

99,  Methuchen,  1900 

Searle,  Jeremiah,  b.  at  Atkinson,  N.H.,  Apr.  19.  1795;  Bowdoin  and  U.C. 
21,  studied  theology  under  Prof.  Andrew  Yates;  1.  Cong.  Assoc.  Ver- 
mont, 22,  Miss,  at  Princetown,  N.Y.,  six  months;  ord.  CI.  Albany,  23, 
Rotterdam,  1st  and  2d,  23-5,  Coxsackie.  1st.  25-51.  Keyport.  51-3,  Falls- 
burgh,  53-C1,  d.  May  28. 
He  was  descended   from   a  long   line   of   Christian   ancestors.     In   every 
generation,  as  far  back  as  1692,  when  Rev.  Win.  Searle  was  preaching  in 
Bradford,  England,  was  there  at  least  one  minister  of  the  gospel.     He  was 
also  son-in-law  of  the  Rev.  Jac.  Tomb,  for  many  years  pastor  of  a  Pres- 
byterian Church,  Salem,  N.Y.  The  teachings  of  his  godly  parents  resulted, 
through  the  Holy  Spirit,  in  his  mind  being  early  impressed  with  the  im- 
portance of  personal  religion,  and  his  heart  subdued  to  the  love  of  Christ, 
so  that  the  naturally  joyous  and  kindly  temperament,  which  was  a  life- 
long characteristic,  had  the  added  charm  which  flowed  from  the  controlling 
power  of  Christian  principle. 

During  his  college  course  he  made  himself  useful  in  visiting  places  about 
Schenectady,  and  for  the  last  year,  while  maintaining  a  very  creditable 
standing  in  his  academic  studies,  he  pursued  the  study  of  theology,  and 
regularly  conducted  Sabbath  services  at  a  school-house  in  Rotterdam,  which 
resulted  in  a  revival  of  religion  and  the  organization  of  a  church,  over 
which  he  was  installed  as  pastor.  In  the  church  of  Coxsackie  he  labored 
for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century.  The  territory  embraced  in  the  con- 
gregation at  the  time  of  his  settlement  there  was  about  twelve  miles  square. 
It  was  his  custom,  besides  holding  three  services  on  Sabbath,  to  preach 
during  the  week  in  various  school-districts,  and  he  frequently  filled  four 
such  appointments  in  a  single  week.  He  was  greatly  blessed  in  his  efforts 
to  win  souls  to  Christ.  Several  revivals  of  religion  resulted  from  his  min- 
istry in  this  field,  and  though  nine  churches  were  organized  within  the 
bounds  of  his  original  parish  during  his  pastorate,  he  left  the  church  in 
1851  with  a  larger  membership  than  he  found  at  his  settlement. 

At  Fallsburgh,  his  last  charge,  his  diligence  and  activity  were  rewarded 
by  an  extensive  revival,  by  which  seventy  persons  were  brought  into  the 
church.  Robust  in  body  and  cheerful  in  mind,  his  face  wore  an  habitual 
smile.  The  most  adverse  denominations  respected  and  loved  him.  As  a 
preacher,  he  was  a  man  of  diligent  study,  careful  preparation,  and  a  solemn, 
earnest  delivery.  His  sermons  contained  the  results  of  various  reading, 
much  reflection,  and  deep  Christian  experience. 

Searle,  Jeremiah  (s.  of  Jer.  Searle)  ;  R.C.  185?.  N.B.S.  58.  1.  CI.  Monmouth; 
Bloomingburgh,  58-62,  Chap.   144th  Reg.   N.Y.S.V.  62-3.  Oyster  Bay. 


THE    MINISTRY.  727 

63-6,   Syracuse,  66-8.   Albany,   3d,   68-71,   Peekskill,   71-3,    (Newburgh, 

Presb.,  1873 ) 

Searle  John  Preston  (s.  of  S.  T.  Seale),  b.  at  Schuylerville,  N.Y..  Sept. 
12,  1854;  R.C.  75,  N.B.S.  78;  lie.  CI.  Passaic;  Griggstown,  1878-81. 
Raritan,  1st,  81-93,  Prof,  of  Didactic  and  Polemic  Theology,  N.B.S. 
1893 D.D.  by  R.C.  1893. 

Publications:  "Side  Lights  of  the  Advent";  a  sermon,  1881. — "Wom- 
an's Exaltation"  ;  a  sermon,  1883. — "College  and  Seminary  Life  of  Rev. 
John  H.  Salisbury";  a  funeral  address,  1891. — "Love  for  the  Church": 
Dedication  Sermon,  1892. — "The  Theological  Seminary  in  the  R.C.A." 
1892. — "Our  Missionary  Opportunity  in  the  West" :  address  be- 
fore the  P.S.  of  New  Brunswick,  1893. — "The  Source  of  Author- 
ity": Inaugural  address  as  Prof,  of  Theology,  1893. — "His  Chosen  Habita- 
tion": Dedication  Sermon,  1894. — "Nehushtan":  Sermon  in  final  service  in 
old  church  building,  Raritan,  1st,  1895. — "Talbot  Wilson  Chambers":  in 
"Presb.  and  Reformed  Review,"  with  reprint,  1896. — "Outline  Sketch  of 
Theological  Encyclopedia,"  1897. — "The  Death  of  President  McKinley" : 
a  sermon,  1901. — Articles  on  Egyptian  Travel  and  Miscellaneous  Contri- 
butions in  "Christian  Intelligencer"  and  local  papers. 

Searle,  Samuel  Tomb  (s.  of  Jer.  Searle),  b.  at  Salem,  N.Y.,  1825;  U.C. 

45,  N.B.S.  48.  1.  CI.  of  Greene;  Tiossiock.  48-50,  Saratoga,  50-7,  Leeds, 

57-69,  Wyckoff,  69-88,  Hurley,  88-96,  w.  c. 
Publications  :     "Address  before  Leeds  Debating  Club  on  Mental  Cul- 
ture; in  "Catskill  Examiner,"  Feb.  4,   1865. — Mission   Paper  read  before 
Classis  of  Passaic,  in  "Mission  Record"  of  that  Classis.  1883. — Necrologi- 
cal  Reports  in  "Mints.  Gen.  Synod,"  1884-9. 

Searle,  Stephen  (s.  of  Jer.  Searle)  ;  U.C.  1850,  N.B.S.  53,  1.  CI.  N.B. ; 
Mamakating,  53-9,  Griggstown,  59-73,  Caatsban,  74-1885,  d.  Jan.  15. 
He  was  a  good  man.  His  piety  commended  itself  to  all  who  knew  him. 
It  was  an  ornament  about  his  neck  continually.  Clothed  with  humility  as 
with  a  garment,  he  walked  among  his  people  without  affectation  or  desire 
of  applause.  Modest  and  retiring,  he  was  ever  ready  to  show  his  devotion 
to  his  Master.  He  was  faithful  in  all  his  services,  laboring  diligently  for 
God.  His  presentations  of  the  Gospel  were  always  plain,  clear,  persuasive 
and  evangelical,  with  the  design  of  bringing  instruction,  comfort  or  help 
as  circumstances  required.  His  trumpet  never  gave  an  uncertain  sound. 
He  held  fast  to  the  form  of  sound  words,  as  taught  by  the  inspired  writers. 
He  wrote  his  sermons  with  carefulness  in  order  to  move  men  by  pointing 
them  to  the  cross  of  Christ.  The  familiar  truths  of  the  Word  of  God  fur- 
nished him  with  his  themes.    "Mem.  Ser."  by  Rev.  N.  F.  Chapman. 

Sears,  Jacob  C,  b.  at  Montgomery,  N.Y.,  1798;  U.C.  21,  N.B.S.  24,  1.  CI. 

N.B. ;  Miss,  to  Spring  Garden,  Philadelphia,  24,  Spring  Garden,   1st, 

(or   Philadelphia,  2d,  Eighth   St.),  25-33,   Six  Mile  Run,  33-1881,   d. 

Aug.   13.     Emeritus,  1878.     D.D. 

His  fidelity  in  his  office  was  witnessed  to  by  the  universal  respect  and 

esteem  in  which  he  was  held  by  the  Church  and  the  community  at  large. 


728  THE    MINISTRY. 

His  preaching  was  direct,  forceful  and  sound,  and  always  distinguished 
by  its  clear  and  exhaustive  analysis.  Upon  questions  of  public  reforms,  or 
of  national  or  patriotic  interest,  he  had  decided  convictions,  and  was  bold 
in  uttering  them.  He  continued  the  catechizing  of  the  children  on  week- 
days until  the  infirmities  of  age  compelled  him  to  abandon  it.  Throughout 
his  ministry  none  of  the  ordinances  of  the  Church  were  allowed  to  fall  into 
desuetude.  The  best  evidence  of  the  faithfulness  and  power  of  his  ministry 
was  the  remarkable  manner  in  which  the  congregation  ever  clung  to  the 
old  Church,  although  scattered  over  a  wide  area,  with  churches  growing 
up  on  every  side.  Near  the  close  of  his  ministry  at  Six  Mile  Run,  after  a 
service  of  forty-three  years,  in  1876,  there  was  a  remarkable  revival,  in 
which  130  souls  were  gathered  into  the  Church,  although  the  pastor  him- 
self was  then  laid  aside  by  sickness.  His  services  at  the  Lord's  Table  and 
at  funerals  were  especially  memorable.  In  the  Classis,  his  theological  at- 
tainments were  recognized  by  a  term  of  thirty  years  as  examiner  in  theol- 
ogy, while  his  geniality,  wisdom  and  age,  long  made  him  a  beloved  father 
to  the  younger  brethren.  His  private  and  social  life  was  pure,  simple  and 
godly,  and  the  religion  which  he  preached  was  a  part  of  himself. 

Sebastian,  S.  A.  (Hindoo.)  He  was  educated  in  England;  came  to  Ar- 
cot,  1878;  Headmaster  of  Mission  School  at  Tindevanum,  1878-94, 
Bible-master  in  Arcot  Mission  College,  1894-8,  ordained  as  pastor  at 
Vellore,  1898 

Sebring,  Arad  J.,  b.  at  Ovid,  N.Y. ;  R.C.  1859,  N.B.S.  62,  1.  CI.  Geneva; 
Mellenville,  1862-85,  Kaatsban,  1885 

Publications  :    Articles  and  Poems. 

Sebring,  Elbert  Nevius,  b.  at  Ovid,  N.Y.,  Sept.  22,  1836;  R.C.  62,  N.B.S. 

65,  1.  CI.  Geneva;  Ghent,  2d,  65-73,  Fairfield,  72,-7,  Prattsville,  77-9; 

Middlcburgh  79-84,  Leeds  and  Athens,  2d,  84-1889,  d.  Oct.  12. 
He  was  noted  in  college  for  proficiency  in  English  composition.  Though 
physically  not  robust,  he  continued  to  perform  the  duties  of  his  holy  office 
for  nearly  twenty-five  years.  He  was  a  devoted  Christian  whose  soul 
thrilled  with  the  thought  that  he  had  a  call  to  preach  the  Gospel  to  per- 
ishing men.  He  was  amiable  in  disposition,  a  true  friend,  whose  warm 
heart  never  lost  the  affection  of  youth.  As  a  pastor,  he  was  gentle  yet 
faithful,  a  comforter  in  time  of  trouble,  and  a  wise  winner  of  souls.  His 
sermons  were  sound  expositions  of  Gospel  truth,  carefully  written,  and 
delivered  with  characteristic  energy.  His  labors  were  blessed  in  every 
field.  See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1890,  192. — "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C," 
1890,  23. 

See,  Edwin  F.,  b.  Tarrytown,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  29,  1861  ;  R.C.  80,  N.B.S.  83,  1. 
CI.  Westchester;  Albany,  3d,  83-6,  Gen.  Sec.  Brooklyn  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
1886 

Publications  :  Papers  on  the  General  Secretaryship  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A. ; 
Northfield  College  Conference,  1887;  World's  Convention,  Amsterdam, 
Neths.,  1891 — Compiler  of  Religious  Work  Prospectus  of  International 
Committee,  Y.  M.  C.  A.  1898-1901. 


THE    MINISTRY.  •  729 

See,  Isaac  M.  R.C.  1849,  N.B.S.  52,  1.  CI.  N.Y.;  Middleburgh,  52-4,  Mt. 
Vernon,  54-64,  Mt.  Pleasant,  30th  St.,  N.YC,  64-7,  Miss,  to  Palisades, 
68-72,  (Newark,  Presbyt.,  1872-8,  Independent.) 

Publications:  "Rest  of  Faith.''  1871. — "Zion  the  Sunny  Mount";  a 
monthly.     1876. 

See,  John  Limburger,  b.  N.Y.C.,  May  20,  1822;  R.C.  41,  N.B.S.  44,  1.  CI. 
N.Y. ;  Teaching  in  N.B.  44-47 ;  Kiskatom,  47-50,  Unionville  and  Green- 
burgh,  50-54,  Miss,  in  Buffalo,  54-55,  Buffalo,  1st,  55-61,  Cor.  Sec.  Bd. 
Education,  1861-84.     Died  June  1,  1892.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1865. 

In  1861  the  Board  of  Education  invited  him  to  become  its  Secretary. 
This  position  he  accepted  and  filled  with  great  efficiency  and  usefulness, 
organizing  the  work  upon  the  same  basis  upon  which  it  exists  to-day.  This 
was  the  great  work  of  his  life,  and  it  was  always  a  source  of  satisfaction 
to  him  to  have  been  the  means  of  introducing  so  many  efficient  ministers 
into  the  pulpits  of  the  church  he  so  much  loved.  During  the  years  of  his 
Secretaryship  he  resided  in  New  Brunswick,  and  endeared  himself  still 
more  to  the  friends  of  his  youth  by  his  uniform  and  consistent  Christian 
courtesy. 

He  was  active  in  all  the  meetings  of  the  College  and  Seminary  alumni, 
and  happiest  when  he  could  do  anything  to  further  the  interests  of  either 
He  continued  in  the  Secretaryship  until  1884,  when  failing  health  compelled 
him  to  desist  from  active  labor.  At  this  time,  also,  his  mind  became  slightly 
affected.  His  devotion  to  his  family  was  great,  and  he  feared  lest  they 
might  come  to  want.  '  So  strongly  did  this  fear  take  hold  of  him  that  it 
was  found  necessary  to  send  him  to  the  asylum  at  Trenton,  where  he 
seemed  speedily  to  recover,  and  was  brought  home.  But  his  mental  peculi- 
arity returned,  and,  conscious  that  he  needed  such  care  as  could  not  be 
given  him  at  home,  he  voluntarily  returned  to  Trenton,  where  he  passed 
the  remainder  of  his  days  in  peace  and  quietness  under  the  kindly  care  of 
the  Superintendent,  Dr.  John  W.  Ward,  who  became  his  personal  friend, 
treating  him  more  as  a  guest  than  as  a  patient  in  the  institution,  and  re- 
ceiving from  him  in  time  of  trial  Christian  advice  and  consolation.  The 
mild  nature  of  his  monomania  was  recognized,  and  Dr.  See  had  the  free- 
dom of  the  county  of  Mercer.    He  never  violated  his  parole. 

While  still  able  to  do  so,  he  walked  four  miles  to  church  on  Sunday  to 
hear  the  Gospel  preached  by  one  who  was  always  ready  to  acknowledge  his 
indebtedness  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Education  for  the  fostering 
care  which  had  enabled  him  to  enter  the  ministry,  the  Rev.  John  H.  Salis- 
bury, pastor  of  the  Fourth  Presbyterian  Church  of  Trenton.  When  asked 
where  he  went  to  church,  Dr.  See  facetiously  answered,  "To  the  Church 
of  St.  John." 

During  the  last  year  of  his  life,  however,  Dr.  See  was  too  feeble  to  walk 
so  far.  On  his  seventieth  birthday,  which  occurred  the  week  before  he 
died,  he  wrote  delightful  letters  to  his  wife  and  daughter,  assuring  them 
that  with  him  everything  was  bright. — John  B.  Thompson,  in  "Biog.  No- 
tices of  Grads.  R.C,"  1892,  23.— "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1892.  887. 


730  THE    MINISTRY. 

Pi  blk  vtions  :    "Reports  of  Bd.  Ed.,"  1861-84. — "Digest  of  Laws  of  Gen. 
Syn."     1869. 

See,  Wm.  G.  Ely,  b.  in  X.Y.C.,  Sept.  30,  1825;  R.C.  49,  N.B.S.  53,  1.  CI. 
N.B. ;   North  Blenheim,  and  S.S.  at  Breakabin  and  Eminence,  53-59, 
Gilboa,  59-61,   Amity,  61-68,   Kiskatom,  68-73,   Plattekill,   73-84,   Stone 
House  Plains,  83-92;  d.  Mar.  6,  1894. 
As  a  Christian  minister,  he  was  a  distinct  answer  to  the  prayers  of  an 
eminently  pious  mother,  who  with  her  whole  heart  dedicated  her  boys  from 
their  birth  to  the  sacred  office.     He  was,  from  his  young  manhood,  spirit- 
ually minded,  and  throughout  his  ministry  he  was  intensely  concerned  for 
the  salvation  of  souls.  He  found  his  highest  joy  in  the  house  and  service  of 
God,  and  in  the  companionship  of  spiritually  minded  people.     His  prayers 
were  remarkable.    He  seemed  to  lead  us  into  the  very  presence  chamber  of 
God.    Quiet,  unobtrusive,  gentle  in  manner,  he  shed  upon  us  all  a  refining, 
hallowing  influence,  the  source  of  which  no  one  acquainted   with  Christ 
could  for  a  moment  doubt.    Himself  guileless,  he  thought  and  spoke  no 
evil  of  others.    This  natural  unselfishness  of  disposition  ripened  under  the 
genial  influence  of  the  Holy  Spirit  into  a  character  noble  and  Christ-like. 
He  was  one  of  the  most  devoted  men  in  our  Reformed  Church  ministry, 
and  was   much  blessed   in   winning  souls   to   Christ.     "Mints.   Gen.    Syn.." 
1894,  221. — "Biog.  Notices  Grads.  R.C,"  1894,  *8. 

Seeber,  Safrenus,  b.  at  Sharon,  N.Y.,  181 1  ;  R.C.  43,  N.B.S.  46,  1.  CI.  Scho- 
harie; Centreville,  46-9,  Mottville,  49-51,  d.     See  Manual  of  1879. 

Seely,  Amos  W.,  b.  in  N.Y.C.,  1805;  U.C.  28.  P.S.  31;  Frankfort,  31-5, 
(Hillsdale,  N.Y..  Presbt.  35-40),  Cicero,  40-4.  (New  Haven,  N.Y., 
46-6),  supplied  Salisbury,  46-55,  d.  1865,  Sept.  12.    See  Manual  of  1879. 

Seeley,  Frank  Barrows,  b.  May  10,  1872,  at  Richfield  Springs.  N.  Y. ; 
Middlebury  Coll.  Vt.  93,  U.S.  96,  lie.  by  Otsego  Presbyt.  95;  (S.S. 
Mayaltville,  N.  Y.  96-8),  Kingston.  2d,  1898 

Seelye,  Edward  Eli,  b.  at  Lansingburgh,  N.Y.,  Sept.  24,  1819;  U.C.  39,  P.S. 
43,  (Stillwater,  N.Y.,  44-51.  Sandy  Hill,  51-8),  Schenectady,  1st,  58- 
64,  d.  Aug.  10.     D.D.  by  U.C.  1859. 

He  cannot  readily  be  forgotten  by  any  one  who  knew  him.  The  first  im- 
pression from  his  acquaintance  was  that  of  rugged  strength.  Physically, 
he  was  robust,  a  little  above  medium  height,  with  a  compact,  well-knit 
frame.  In  repose  his  countenance  was  somewhat  stern,  but  no  eye  ever 
greeted  a  friend  more  frankly  than  his,  or  looked  upon  childhood  more 
tenderly,  or  won  even  timid  confidence  more  readily.  With  this  physique 
his  mind  and  heart  were  in  perfect  correspondence.  He  had  a  robust, 
rugged  intellect,  which  delighted  to  grapple  with  difficulties,  and  which 
could  be  content  with  no  superficial  acquirements.  His  devotion  to  truth 
and  right  was  chivalrous,  and  brooked  no  compromise.  And  yet  in  his  min- 
istrations of  the  Word  he  oftenest  and  most  lovingly  dwelt  upon  the  rev- 
elations of  God's  love  and  the  truths  which  appeal  to  the  tenderest  feelings 
of  the  heart.  Beneath  the  exterior  strength  of  body  and  mind,  Dr.  Seelye 
had  the  heart  of  a  child.    Extremely  sensitive,  he  repaid  confidence  with 


THE   MINISTRY.  731 

confidence,  and  love  with  love,  in  a  manner  which  left  no  one  to  doubt 
of  his  friendship.  With  such  an  organization,  his  delight  was  in  his  family. 
No  wife  or  children  were  ever  cherished  more  tenderly  than  his,  and  no 
one  ever  loved  home  more  than  he.  As  a  preacher,  he  was  always  instructive, 
never  dull,  and  seldom  cold.  As  a  scholar,  he  was  diligent,  thorough,  and 
widely  accomplished.  As  a  theologian,  he  was  uncompromisingly  orthodox, 
and  always  able  and  ready  to  give  a  logical,  scriptural,  and  unanswerable 
reason  why.  As  a  writer  and  thinker,  his  style  is  preserved  in  a  posthu- 
mous volume  of  discourses,  entitled  "Bible  Emblems,"  published  by  the 
American  Tract  Society. — Rev.  J.  A.  De  Baun. 

Seelye,  Julius  Hawley,  b.  Bethel,  Ct,  Sept.  14,  1824;  A.C.  49,  Aub.  Sem. 
52;  Schenectady,  1st,  53-8,  Prof,  of  Moral  Phil,  and  Metaphysics  in 
Amherst  Coll.,  58-75-  In  Congress,  75-6,  President  of  Amherst  College, 
1877.— S.T.D.  by  U.C.,  1862.    LL.D.  by  C.C.,  1876. 

For  an  account  of  his  visit  and  labors  in  India,  see  "Anderson's  Hist. 
Miss,  of  A.B.C.F.M.,"  p.  221. 

Publications:  "Abridged  Transl.  of  Schwegler's  Hist,  of  Philosophy." 
1856.  "Dr.  Hickok's  Philosophy."  "Princeton  Rev."  1862. — "Our 
Place  in  History."  "Bibliotheca  Sac,"  xxiii.  211. — "The  Bible  in  Our 
Schools."  "Bib.  Sac,"  xiii.,  725. — "The  Way,  the  Truth,  and  the  Life." 
"Lectures  to  Educated  Hindoos."  p.  146.  1873.— "Christian  Missions," 
1875. — Sermons,  Addresses,  Reviews. 

Seibert,  Francis  Augustus   (son  of  George  A.  Seibert),  b.  Havana,  111., 

Nov.  21,  1874;  R.  C.  97,  N.B.S.  1900,  1.  CI.  N.B.  Ocean  Hill.  Brooklyn, 

N.Y.  1900 

Seibert,  Geo.  A.,  b.  Jan.  24,  1839;  R.C.  62,  N.B.S.  66,  lie  CI.  Bergen;  Mid- 

dletown  Village,  66-72,  S.S.  Havana,  111.,  72-81,  Schraalenburgh,  81-91, 

Garfield,  N.J.  91-2,  d.  Ap.  30. 

The  War  breaking  out  while  he  was  a  student  in  College,  he  enlisted 
as  a  private  in  the  First  New  Jersey  regiment  and  served  two  years  in 
Virginia.  He  was  a  close  student  and  an  earnest  preacher.  His  character 
was  positive,  his  theological  views  sound.  He  was  an  inflexible  defender 
of  order  in  Church  government  and  discipline.  He  had  been  pastor  of  the 
Church  of  Garfield  only  a  short  time,  but  long  enough  to  win  the  con- 
fidence and  love  of  the  people,  when  he  died.  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1892, 
657.— "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,"  1892,  37. 
Seibert,  George  Gurnee  (son  of  G.  A.  Seibert),  b.  Middletown,  N.J.,  Ap. 

10,   1867;  N.Y.U.  89,   N.B.S.  92,  1.  CI.  Bergen;  Garfield,  N.  J.  92-96, 

Helderberg,  N.Y.  1896 

Selden,  Calvin.     From  Royalton  Assoc,  Vt.,  1857;  Jersey  City,  3d,  1857. 
Selden,  Edward  G..  b.  Hadlyme,  Ct.,  June  9,  1847;  Y.C.  70,  And.  Sem.  73, 

lie  by  Manchester  Council,  N.H.,  Dec.  16,  73 ;   (Manchester,  1st  N.H. 

73-85,   Springfield,   Mass.,   South   Cong.   85-93),   Albany,  2d,  Madison 

Av.  1893 

Publications:  "In  the  Time  of  Paul."— "The  Story  of  the  Christian 
Centuries,"  1902. 


732  THE    MINISTRY. 

Selvam,  Joseph    (Hindoo),   Arcot  Sem.    1892;   lie.   by   Classis  of  Arcot; 
evangelist  in  India,  1892 

Selyns,  Henricus,  b.  in  Amsterdam,  Neths.,  1636;  matriculated  at  Leyden 
University,  March  19,  1657,  aged  21,  for  the  study  of  Theology.  Lie. 
by  CI.  of  Amsterdam,  Oct.  2,  1657 ;  ordained  by  the  same,  Feb.  16, 
1660.  His  call  is  dated  on  the  day  of  his  ordination.  Brooklyn,  Bush- 
wyck  and  Gravesend,  1660-4.  returned  to  Holland;  (Wavervcen,  Hol- 
land, 1660-82;  also  chaplain  in  the  army,  1675)  ;  New  York,  1682-1701, 
d.  July. 
The  first  allusion  to  Domine   Selyns  in   the   "Mints,  of  the   Classis  of 

Amsterdam,"  is  the  following: 

"Rev.    Henricus    Selyns   asks    that   he    may    be    examined   preparatoir," 

(preparatorily  for  licensure).  This  was  granted  him  upon  his  praiseworthy 

credentials,  ecclesiastical  as  well  as  academic.     ("Mints.,"  vol.  vi.  p.  74.) 

The  examination  took  place  on  Oct.  2,  1657.    We  give  also  the  specimen 

of  the  Dutch  of  that  period : 


Do.  Henricus  Selyns  hebbende 
syn  propositie  gedaen  over  Joh. 
5 :  39,  en  daer  op  ondersocht  synde 
in  de  hooftstucken  der  Christelicke 
gereformeerde  Religie,  heeft  so  in 
syn  predichen,  als  oock  in  syn  ant- 
worden  op  de  vragen  Dom.  Exam- 
inatoris  aen  de  vergaderinge  seer 
goedt  genoegen  gegeven,  en  is 
daerom  tot  de  publycke  predicatien 
geadmitteert,  na  ondertekeninge  van 
de  acten  da'ertoe  gerequireert. 


Rev.  Henry  Selyns,  having  made 
his  exposition  on  John  5  :39  (Search 
the  Scriptures),  and  having  been 
examined  in  the  principal  points  of 
the  Christian  Reformed  Religion, 
gave  such  very  great  satisfaction  to 
the  Assembly,  both  by  his  preaching 
and  by  his  answers  to  the  questions 
of  the  Rev.  Examiner,  that  he  was 
admitted  to  the  public  ministry, 
after  his  subscription  to  the  Acts 
(Formulas)  required.  ("Mints.  CI. 
Amsterdam,"  vi.  79.) 

He  was  the  most  eminent  of  the  ministers  who  had  yet  come  from  Hol- 
land. His  ancestors,  on  both  sides,  had  been  officers  in  the  Reformed 
Church  in  Holland  from  its  organization  a  century  before.  He  was  offici- 
ating as  a  proponent  (or  licentiate),  when  he  received  the  call  to  Brooklyn. 
Governor  Stuyvesant  was  in  the  north  effecting  some  Indian  treaties  when 
he  arrived,  and  together  with  Blom,  his  fellow-passenger,  they  followed  him 
to  Esopus  and  Fort  Orange,  to  present  their  letters.  He  was  presented  to 
his  congregation  by  two  officers  of  the  government — Nicasius  de  Sille  and 
Martin  Krigier — and  was  installed  September  3,  1660.  He  also  officiated 
on  Sabbath  afternoons  or  evenings  at  Governor  Stuyvesant's  Bouwerie 
(now  on  East  13th  Street),  especially  instructing  the  negroes.  He  also 
occasionally  preached  for  the  Huguenots  on  Staten  Island.  (See  p.  39  of 
this  work.)  His  charge  extended  from  Wallabout  to  Gowanus.  He  once 
came  in  collision  with  the  magistrates,  who  attempted  to  override  his 
ecclesiastical  prerogatives.  In  a  respectful  letter,  he  declined  to  appear  be- 
fore them  or  acknowledge  their  authority  in  such  matters.  He  sustained 
himself  with  firmness,  dignity,  and  force  of  reason,  and  his  arguments  pre- 
vailed.   He  married.  July  9.   1662.  Machtelt   Specht.  a  young  lady  of  New 


THE    MINISTRY.  733 

Utrecht;  and  if  we  may  trust  his  own  description,  of  rare  beauty  and  worth. 
He  subsequently  married,  January  10,  1694,  Margaret  de  Riemer,  widow 
of  Hon.  Cornelius  Steenwyck.  He  had  engaged  himself  for  service  in 
America  for  only  four  years,  and  was  anxious  to  return,  as  he  said,  to 
gladden  the  eyes  of  his  aged  parents.  He  left  upon  the  arrival  of  Samuel 
Megapolensis,  a  short  time  before  the  surrender.  He  had  been  already 
greatly  useful,  and  was  highly  esteemed.  He  took  charge  of  a  small  con- 
gregation in  Holland,  whose  inhabitants  earned  their  living  by  gathering 
turf.  But  he  was  not  contented  with  his  position.  He  refused  a  call  to  New 
Amsterdam,  to  become  colleague  with  Drisius,  in  1670,  after  the  death  of 
the  elder  Megapolensis.  The  call  was  renewed  in  1682,  after  the  death  of 
Drisius  and  Van  Niewenhuysen,  and  was  then  accepted.  The  need  was 
pressing,  as  Van  Zuuren,  on  Long  Island,  was  the  only  minister  nearer 
than  Weekstein,  at  Kingston,  and  Schaats,  at  Albany.  He  was  received 
with  great  affection  and  joy.  He  preached  three  times  a  week,  and  cate- 
chized the  children  on  Sunday  evenings,  and  officiated  occasionally  at 
Bergen  and  Harlem.     (See  pages  53  and  following,  of  this  work.) 

His  was  now  the  most  important  ecclesiastical  position  in  the  province. 
It  was  at  the  same  time  a  most  critical  period  for  the  Reformed  Church, 
and  the  greatest  wisdom  and  prudence  were  necessary  to  preserve  her 
privileges,  under  English  aggressions.  The  Dutch  were  only  tolerated, 
according  to  the  capitulation,  as  if  dissenters.  The  Governors  attempted 
to  exercise  arbitrary  powers,  but  the  people  resisted.  Domine  Selyns  was 
fully  alive  to  the  importance  of  the  subject,  and  was  rejoiced  at  the  arrival 
of  Governor  Dongan,  in  1683,  who  allowed  full  liberty  of  conscience.  An 
assembly  of  the  people  was  soon  called,  which  among  other  matters  estab- 
lished the  legal  position  of  the  denominations,  allowing  the  churches  to 
choose  their  own  ministers.  The  law  never  indeed  became  operative,  but 
it  increased  the  struggle  for  religious  freedom.  In  1689.  with  the  acces- 
sion of  William  and  Mary  to  the  throne  of  England,  Leisler,  a  political 
adventurer,  supported  by  the  lower  orders,  seized  the  fort  and  the  public 
funds,  for  "the  preservation  of  the  Protestant  religion,"  as  he  declared, 
but  this  was  only  a  pretext  for  his  usurpation.  The  Dutch  clergy,  without 
exception,  opposed  his  pretensions,  and  when  Governor  Nicholson  fled, 
and  Leisler  possessed  the  government  de  facto,  they  still  continued  their 
opposition,  and  preached  against  his  authority.  This  excited  the  Governor 
bitterly  against  them.  (Dellius.  Varick.)  But  Selyns  committed  no 
overt  act,  so  that  he  was  able  to  remain  at  his  post.  He  was  for  a  time 
the  only  Dutch  minister  on  duty  in  the  province,  yet  he  was  in  close  com- 
munication and  sympathy  with  the  leaders  of  the  opposition,  and  was  con- 
stantly watched.  His  house  was  searched,  and  his  service  in  the  church 
interrupted  by  Leisler  himself,  who  was  a  member,  and  his  letters  to  Hol- 
land were  intercepted.  Selyns  rejoiced  over  Leisler's  downfall,  preaching 
a  sermon  on  the  occasion  from  the  words  of  the  Psalmist,  "I  had  fainted 
unless  I  had  believed,  to  see  the  goodness  of  the  Lord  in  the  land  of  the 
living."  But  his  conduct  split  the  congregation,  and  his  salary  was  withheld 
by  a  part  of  them  for  several  years.  Leisler  himself  was  a  low,  illiterate 
man,  and  the  same  classes  of  the  people  were  his  friends.   He  was  executed 


734  THE    MINISTRY. 

in  1691.  Leisler's  son  complained  to  King  William,  but  without  effect.  The 
queen,  however,  ordered  the  estates  to  be  restored  to  their  families,  as 
objects  of  her  Majesty's  mere}'.  The  bodies  also  of  Leisler  and  Melbourne, 
by  direction  of  Bellomont.  were  exhumed,  nine  years  after  burial,  and  after 
lying  in  state  for  several  weeks,  were  buried  with  great  pomp  under  the 
Dutch  church  in  Garden  Street,  notwithstanding  the  protests  of  the  Con- 
sistory.    (See  pages  61-65,  of  this  work.) 

Selyn's  letters,  about  this  time,  refer  to  the  civil  difficulties  and  the  evils 
to  the  Church  incident  thereto.  He  says  that  he.  and  Domine  Varick  who 
endured  more  than  can  be  believed,  have  to  be  patient  of  necessity.  In 
1693,  during  the  administration  of  Fletcher,  the  city  had  become  unprece- 
dently  corrupt,  by  the  influx  of  freebooters  and  privateers,  who  made  it 
their  rendezvous,  with  the  Governor's  sanction.  Fletcher  also  procured  the 
same  year  an  act  to  provide  a  ministry  by  law,  thus  establishing  the  Episco- 
pal Church,  as  he  asserted;  but  see  Chaps.  V  and  VI  of  this  work,  where 
the  contrary  is  shown.  The  dispute  was  really  between  the  Episcopalians 
and  the  Presbyterians;  yet,  whichever  side  prevailed,  the  Dutch  were  sure 
to  suffer.  Selyns  was  not  satisfied  with  the  legal  condition  of  the  Reformed 
Church.  Its  privileges  might  at  any  moment  be  withdrawn.  lie  and  his 
Consistory  therefore  applied  for  a  charter,  which  was  the  first  church  char- 
ter issued  in  the  colony.  It  was  not  obtained,  however,  except  by  the  most  per- 
sistent and  determined  efforts  with  the  Governor.  Tt  is  dated  May  II,  1696. 
This  charter  secured  to  the  church  of  New  York  its  independence.  Besides 
permitting  them  to  call  their  own  ministers,  to  hold  property,  etc.,  it  also 
provided  for  a  compulsory  payment  of  church  rates  by  the  members.  This 
latter  provision  was  stricken  out  at  the  confirmation  of  the  charter  in  1784. 
It  may  also  be  worthy  of  remark  that  when  the  Episcopalians  called  Mr. 
Vesey,  a  Presbyterian  on  Long  Island,  as  the  first  rector  of  Trinity  Church. 
Selvns  assisted  in  the  installation  service,  which  was  performed  in  the 
Garden  Street  Church.  Selyns  now  felt  that  the  liberties  of  the  Dutch 
Church  were  secured.  He  had  labored  faithfully,  zealously,  and  success- 
fully. Amid  all  his  trials,  no  one  had  ventured  to  breathe  a  syllable  against 
the  purity  of  his  life,  or  of  his  fidelity  to  the  spiritual  interests  of  his  con- 
gregation. He  was  sixty  years  old,  and  needed  help.  He  had  been  alone 
in  his  extensive  charge  during  his  whole  ministry,  although  Daille  had 
preached  in  the  French  Reformed  Church  from  1683-90,  and  Peiret  after 
him.  He  called  these  his  colleagues.  The  Consistory,  in  1608,  resolved  to 
call  a  Dutch  colleague,  as  their  new  charter  gave  them  this  right.  The  old 
party  of  the  friends  of  Leisler  were  opposed.  They  wished  a  minister  of 
their  own  party.  The  controversj  was  carried  to  Holland.  Mr.  Verdieren, 
whom  they  had  called,  declined.  Then  the  Classis  called  Rev.  Gualterus 
Du  Bois,  who  in  1699  entered  on  his  duties,  and  continued  for  more  than 
half  a  century.     (See  pages  61-100  of  this  work.) 

Selyns  was  truly  a  remarkable  man.  He  possessed  in  an  eminent  degree 
that  rare  combination  of  faculties  which  unites  the  zeal  of  the  preacher, 
seeking  the  salvation  of  souls,  with  the  prudence  of  the  presbyter,  looking 
after  the  temporalities  of  the  church.  He  was  most  systematic,  energetic, 
and  industrious  in  the  discharge  of  his  ministerial  and  pastoral  duties.    He 


THE    MINISTRY.  735 

was  the  chief  of  the  early  ministers  to  enlarge  the  usefulness  of  the  Church 
to  which  he  belonged,  and  to  secure  for  it  an  independent  and  permanent 
foundation  under  the  English  government.  He  died  in  his  sixty-fifth  year, 
universally  esteemed  for  his  talents  and  his  virtues.  In  all  his  letters  he 
shows  an  entirely  catholic  spirit,  speaking  kindly  of  other  denominations, 
and  rejoicing  in  their  success.  His  liberal  and  amiable  character  endeared 
him  to  all  around  him.  He  was  on  terms  of  friendship  with  the  heads  of 
government,  and  in  correspondence  with  distinguished  men  in  the  neighbor- 
ing colonies.  He  was  also  a  poet,  versifying  in  both  Latin  and  Dutch. 
Cotton  Mather,  with  whom  he  corresponded  considerably,  remarks  of  him : 
"He  had  so  nimble  a  faculty  of  putting  his  devout  thoughts  into  verse, 
that  he  signalized  himself  by  the  greatest  frequency,  perhaps,  which  ever 
man  used,  of  sending  poems  to  all  persons,  in  all  places,  on  all  occasions ; 
and  upon  this,  as  well  as  upon  greater  accounts,  was  a  David  unto  the 
flocks  of  our  Lord  in  the  wilderness." — "Magnalia,"  iii.  41.  See  "Amst. 
Cor.,"  very  many  letters.  "Mints.  Ch.  NY.,"  Eng.  Transl.,  A.,  95,  96.  "Col. 
Hist.."  ii.  223;  iii.  415.  588,  646;  iv.  219,  427.  523.  621.  "Doc.  Hist,"  ii. 
247;  iii.  72.  "Smith's  N.Y.,"  76,  102- no.  "Mag.  R.D.C.."  ii.  249.  277,  330; 
iii.  52.  (Another  H.  Selyns  writes  in  "Mag.  R.D.C.."  ii.  52.  on  Incest,  and 
in  iii.  24,  117.  213,  on  the  Atonement;  also  iii.  337-  iv.  361.)  "N.Y.  Gen. 
and  Biog.  Rec,"  vi.  143,  144,  156;  vii.  92,  145-  "Baird's  Daille,"  91,  92. 
"Murphy,  Anthology  of  New  Neths."  All  the  documents  and  letters  re- 
lating to  him  are  now  (1902)  in  course  of  publication  by  the  State  of  New 
York. 

Publications  :  Poems  in  Dutch  and  Latin.  Several  of  these  have  been 
rendered  into  English  verse  by  Hon.  Henry  C.  Murphy,  and  published  in 
his  "Anthology  of  New  Netherlands."— A  Latin  Poem,  Oct.  18,  1697,  was 
prefixed  to  some  editions  of  "Mather's  Magnalia."  This,  Murphy  does  not 
give.  We,  therefore,  here  append  it,  as  an  exhibition  of  the  learning  and 
ability  of  Domine  Selyns. 

A  Poem  by  Rev.  Henry  Selyns,  in  honor  of  Rev.  Dr.  Cotton  Mather's 
Magnalia  Christi  Americana.    Oct.  16,  1697. 

(To  this  famous  work  there  is  an  appropriate  Introduction,  styled  "An 
Attestation  to  this  Church  History  of  New  England,"  by  John  Higginson, 
including  a  brief  Latin  "Epigramma  Matheros,"  or  Inscription  to  Mather ; 
"A  Prefatory  Poem,"  by  Rev.  Nicholas  Noyes,  of  Salem:  several  Latin 
Anagrams  to  Mather ;  a  Poem  by  Timothy  Woodbridge,  Minister  at  Hart- 
ford;  and  this  Latin  Poem  of  Domine  Selyns,  of  New  York.) 

In  Jesu  Christi  Magnalia  Americana 

Digesta  in  Septem  Libros. 

Per  Magnum,  Doctissimumque  Virum.   D.   Cottonum   Matherum, 

Jesu  Christi  Servum,  Ecclesiaeque  Americanse  Bostoniensis 

Ministrum  Pium  et  Disertissimum. 

Or. 


736  THE    MINISTRY. 

The  Mighty  Works  of  Jesus  Christ  in  America, 

Arranged  in  Seven  Books, 

By  that  Great  and  Most-learned  Man,  Mr.  Cotton  Mather, 

A  Servant  of  Jesus  Christ,  and  the  pious  and  most  eloquent 

Minister  of  a  Church  at  Boston  in  America. 

Sunt  Miracla  Dei,  sunt  et  Magnalia  Christi, 
Qua  patet  Orbis.     Erant  ultra  Garamantas,  et  Indos 
Maxuma,  quae  paucis  licuit  cognoscere.     Sed,  quae 
Cernis  in  America,  procul  unus-quisque  videbit. 

The  wondrous  works  of  God  and  Christ  abound. 
Wherever  nature  reigns  or  man  is  found. 
Some,  known  to  few,  have  been  revealed  before, 
Beyond  the  Indies  and  the  Afric  shore. 
But  what  God  here  hath  wrought,  in  this,  our  age, 
All  shall  behold,  emblazoned  on  thy  page. 

Vivis,  ubi  fertur  nullum  vixisse.     Videsque 
Mille  homines,  res  multas,  Incunabula  mira. 
Strabo  sile,  qui  Magna  refers.     Vesputius  autem 
Primis  scire  Novum  potuit  conatibus  Orbem. 

Strange  is  thy  dwelling-place.     Thy  home  is  where 

'Twas  thought  no  creature  breathed  the  vital  air. 

Yet  there  a  mighty  future  is  begun. 

And  men  and  things  a  race  of  empire  run. 

Strabo  !  thy  many  marvels  tell  no  more, 

No  proud  discovery  known  in  ancient  lore 

Can  match  that  wondrous  waif  Vesputio  found, 

A  world — new  world — at  ocean's  farthest  bound. 

Et  dum  Magna  docet  te  Grotius,  unde  repletos 

Esse  per  Americam,  volucresque,  hominesque,  Deosque; 

Tumque  libet,  tibi  scire  licet  Nova  viscera  rerum. 

Let  Grotius  fancy  whence,  in  ancient  time. 
Came  the  first  people  of  this  Western  clime, 
Whence  their  religion  and  ancestral  line: — 
MATHER!  a  deeper,  loftier  theme  is  thine. 

Nullus  erat,  nisi  brutus  homo :    Sine  lege  Deoque. 

Numa  dat  Antiquis,  Solonque  et  Jura  Lycurgus. 

Hie  nihil,  et  nulla;  (modo  sic  sibi  vivere)  Leges. 

Jam  decreta  vide,  et  Regum  diplomata,  curque, 

Ne  sibi  vivat  homo,  nostrorum  vivere  Regi  est. 

Die,  tot  habendo  Deos,  legisque  videndo  peritos, 

Centenosque  viros,  celebres  virtute,  Statumque 

Quern  Novis  Orbis  habet ;  Quantum  MutatUS  ab  illo  est  \ 


THE    MINISTRY. 

Res  bona.     Nee  sat  erit,  et  Lege  beatum, 

Posse  vehi  super  Astra.     Deum  tibi  noscere,  fas  est, 

Nil  Lex,  nil  Solon,  nil  et  sine  Nutnine  Numa. 

The  savage  race,  who  once  were  masters  here, 

Nor  law  nor  God  inspired  with  wholesome  fear : 

They  no  Lycurgus,  Numa,  Solon  knew, 

To  fame  their  code,  and  fix  its  sanctions,  too. 

Self-will  alone  was  law :  but  now  we  see 

Our  royal   charters  sent  across  the  sea, 

To  teach  our  wills  their  loyal  bond  to  own 

To  England's  statutes  and  our  sovereign's  throne. 

Look  at  our  courts— our  rulers,  small  and  great— 

Our  civil  order  and  compacted  State; 

See  these  where  once  the  lawless  savage  ranged, 

And  then,  like  old  /Eneas,  say,  "How  changed!" 

'Tis  well.     But  not  enough  are  laws  and  kings 
To  raise  our  souls  to  Heaven  and  heavenly  things. 
We  must  know  God,  and  in  his  ways  be  taught ; 
Without  such  knowledge,  men  and  states  are  naught. 

Sit  Deus  ignotosque  Deos  fuge.  Multa  Poetse 
De  Jove  finxerunt,  Neptuno  et  Marte,  Diisque 
Innumerabilibus.  Magnique  Manitto  pependit 
Non  conversa  Deo  Gens  Americana;  Manitto, 
Quern  velut  Artificem  colit,  et  ceu  Numen  adorat. 

The  Lord  is  God!     The  ancient  poets   feign 
Their  Pantheon  on  pagan  gods  in  vain. 
In  vain  the  unconverted  Indians  raise 
Their  forest  altars  in  Manitou's  praise. 

E   tenebris   Lux   est.     In   abysso  cernere   Ccelum   est, 
Ignotumque  Deum,  notum  Indis,  Biblia  Sancta 
Indica,  Templa  Preces  Psalmos.  multosque  Ministros. 
Ut  Christum  discant,  Indorum  Idiomate  Numen 
Utitur,  et  sese  patefecit  ubique  locorum. 

For  light  shines  out  of  darkness  :    the  Unknown 
And  dreadful  God  the  Indian  calls  his  own. 
The  Indian  has  his  Christian  psalms  and  prayer, 
His  Christian  temple,  and  his  pastor  there: 
God  speaks  the  Indian's  language,  rude  and  wild, 
To  teach  his  mercy  to  the  forest-child. 

Plura  canam.     Veterem   Schola  sit   dispersa  per  Orbem, 
Et  tot  Athenaeis  scatet  Anglus,  Belga,  Polonus, 
Germanus,  Gallusque.     Sat  est  Academia  nostra. 
Extra  Orbem  Novus  Orbis  habet,  quod  habetur  in  Orbe. 


737 


738  THE    MINISTRY. 

And   more! — though   Science  older   climes  befits. 
And  Europe  swarms  with  academic  wits, 
Yet  see  scholastic  shades  these  wilds  adorn, 
Such  as  the  Old  World  may  not  wisely  scorn. 
That  world  we  left;  but  Science  has  made  known, 
Out  of  the  world,  a  new  world  of  our  own: 
A  hemisphere,  imperial  yet  to  rise — 
In  Arts  proficient,  and  in  Learning  wise. 

Dat  Cantabrigian  domus  Harvardina  Cathedram 
Cuilibet,  et  cur  non  daret  Indis,  Proselytisque? 
Trans  Mare  non  opus  est  ad  Pallada  currere.     Pallas 
Hie  habitat,  confertque  Gradus ;  modo  Pallada  discas, 
Ascendasque  gradum.     Quantum  Sapientia  confert ! 
Forte  novas,  pluresque  artes  Novus  Orbis  haberet. 

We  have  a  Cambridge  ;  where  the  rich  and  poor 

Young  Harvard  opes  a  hospitable  door ; 

Its  liberal  tests  no  ban  of  ignorance  fix 

On  Indians  or  converted  heretics. 

For  Wisdom's  halls  we  need  not  cross  the  seas ; 

Here  Wisdom  dwells,  and  here  confers  degrees ; 

Since  Wisdom  ever  honors  toil  and  pains. 

And  high  degrees  true  merit  always  gains, 

Perchance  Philosophy  and  Science  here 

Will  find  new  secrets  and  a  broader  sphere. 

Quotquot  in  America  licet  Admiranda  supersint. 
Singula  non  narro.     Nee.  opus  tibi  singula  narrem. 
Multa  fidem  superant,  multorum  Exempla  docebunt. 
Plura  quot  Orbis  habet  Novus  Admiranda,  quot  artes. 
Et  quot  in  America  degunt  ubicunque  Coloni. 

I  will  not,  need  not,  tell  our  marvels  o'er; 
Many  exceed  belief,  and  many  more 
Might  teach  mankind  how  noble  is  the  pace 
In  human  progress  of  our  exile  race. 

Deque  Veneficiis  quid  erit  tibi  noscere?    I  usus 

Sperne  Diabolicos.     Sunt  hie  Magnalia  Christi. 

Ne  timeas  Umbram.     Corpus  sine  corpore  spectrum  est 

I  need  nol   -peak  of  witchcraft:  go!  despise 
The  devil's  arts — his  agents  and  his  lies. 
Here  is  the  standard  of  the  Cross  unfurl VI, 
And  Jesus'  "Mighty  Works"  astound  the  world. 
Scorn  of  the  goblin  horde  to  be  afraid — 
Shapes  without  substance,  shadows  of  a  shade. 


THE   MINISTRY.  739 

Pax  rare  in  terris.    Aetas  quasi  ferrea.    Bellum 

Sceptra  gerens,  gladiosque  ferox  ubicunque  Noverca  est. 

Destruit  omnia,  destruit  opida,  destruit  artes. 

Mars  nulli  cedit.    Nihil  exitialius  armis. 

Testis  adest.     Europa  docet  lacrymabile  Bellum. 

Hispani,  Belgae,  Germani,  et  quotquot  in  Orbe 

Sunt  Veteri,  Rigidisque  plagis  vexantur  et  armis. 

How  rare  is  peace  !    War  thunders  its  alarms  ; 

The  Age  is  Iron — with  the  ring  of  arms ! 

War  sacks  great  cities ;  mars,  with  sounds  of  strife, 

All  social  arts  and  every  joy  of  life. 

Europe  is  drench'd  in  blood :    War's  iron  heel 

And  fiery  scourge  her  writhing  millions  feel. 

The  blood  of  Frenchmen,  Dutch  and  Germans  slain. 

Imbrues  the  soil  of  Italy  and  Spain  ; 

While  banded  kings  the  sword  of  slaughter  wield, 

And  humbler  thrones  afford  a  battle-field. 

Quas  Sectas  vetus  Orbis  habet,  quae  dogmata  Carnis? 
Primum  Roma  locum  tenet,  Enthusiasta  secundum, 
Arminius  tandem,  Menno  et  Spinosa  sequuntur. 
Quisque  incredibeles  poterit  dignoscere  Sectas? 
Non  tot  cernuntur  fidei  discrimina,  nee  tot 
Hsereticos  novus  Orbis  habet,  quod  et  Enthea  res  est. 

Then  in  the  Old  World  see  how  sects  uphold 
A  war  of  dogmas  in  the  Christian  fold : 
Lo!     Rome  stands  first;  Fanaticism  next, 
And  then  Arminius  with  polemic  text  : 
Then  Anabaptist  Menno,  leading  on 
Spinoza,  with  his  law-automaton. 
Who  shall  of  sects  the  true  meridian  learn? — 
Their  latitude  and  longitude  discern? 
We  of  the  Western  World  cannot  succeed 
In  conjuring  up  such  difference  of  creed, 
Or  to  uncovenanted  grace  assign 
So  many  heretics  in  things  divine. 

Tu  dilecte  Deo,  cuius  Bostonia  gaudet 
Nostra  Ministerio,  seu  cui  scribere  Libros. 
Non  opus,  aut  labor  est,  et  qui  Magnalia  Christi 
Americana  refers,  scriptura  plurima.     Nonne 
Dignus  es,  agnoscere  inter  Magnalia  Christi? 

Beloved  of  God !    Whose  ministry  hath  bless'd 
Our  Boston  and  the  Churches  of  the  West; 
Who,  without  seeming  toil,  hast  nobly  wrought 
Within  thy  breast  exhaustless  mines  of  thought, 


740  THE    MINISTRY. 

And  here  recordest,  as  by  God's  commands, 

"The  Mighty  Works  of  Christ  in   Western  Lands."' 

Vive  Liber,  totique  Orbi  Miracula  Monstres, 
Quae  sunt  extra  Orbem.     Cottone,  in  saecula  vive; 
Et  dum  mundus  erit,  vivat  tua  fama  per  Orbem. 

Say,  dost  thou  not  Thyself  deserve  a  place 

Among  those  "Mighty  Works"  of  Sovereign  Grace? 

Immortal  MATHER!  'tis  thy  page  alone 

To  Old  World  minds  makes  New  World  wonders  known  ; 

And  while  the  solid  Earth  shall  firm  remain, 

New  World  and  Old  World  shall  thy  praise  retain. 

Henricus  Selijns, 
Ecclesicc  Neo-Eboracensis  Minister  Bclgicus. 
Dabain,  Neo-Eboraci  Americana,  16  Oct.,  1697. 

Henry  Selijns, 
Pastor  of  a  Dutch  Reformed  Church  at  New  York. 
Dated  at  New  York,  16  October,  1697. 

Senn,  Jacob,  b.  1776;  U.Pa.  1793  (?);  Hardwick,  Stillwater,  Sussextown 
and  Knowlton,  all  in  Sussex  Co..  N.J.,  1795-1800;  Tohieken,  Spring- 
field and  Indianfield,  Pa.,  1800-18,  d.    See  "Harbaugh's  Lives,"  ii.,  406. 

Serven,  Isaac,  lie.  by  Seceders,  1828,  suspended,  1831. 

Serenbets,  Francis  M.  Ordained  as  a  Roman  priest,  at  Friburg,  1834.  c.  to 
America,  1846;  1.  CI.  Bergen,  1848;  Newark,  3d,  1848-9,  New  Bruns- 
wick, 3d,  185 1-4,  w.  c.    Died . 

Sewall,  Albert  Cole,  b.  in  Blue  Hill,  Me..  March  25,  1845 ;  W.C.  67,  Aub. 
Sem.  70,  ord.  by  Presbyt.  of  Lyons,  N.Y.,  Oct.  13,  71;   (Newark,  N.J., 
70-3,  Williamstown,  Mass.,  73-.  .  ;)   Schenectady.  86-99,  w.  c. 
Publication:     "Life  of  Prof.  Albert  Hopkins."  1879. 

Seward,  Dwight  M.,  b.  at    Durham  Ct.  July    31.   1811;    Y.C.  1831.    New 

Haven  Div.   Sch.   1835;    (New   Britain,  Ct.,   1835-41,  Middlefield,   Ct, 

1841-3,   West  Hartford,   1843-9,)    Yonkers,   1851-2;   Yonkers,   Presbyt. 

1852-70;  w.  c.    Died  Jan.  17,  1901 

He  was  in  the  ministry  66  years.     In  Yale  College  he  had  for  classmates 

President  Porter  of  Yale,  and  Bishop  Clark  of  R.  I.     For  the  last  sixteen 

years  of  his  life  he  lived  at  South  Norwalk.  Ct.,  and  was  known  as  "The 

Bishop  of  the  Coast." 

Shafer,    Jesse    F.,  lie.   CI.  Orange,   1876;     (Audereid,    Carbon    Co.,    Pa., 

1877 ) 

Shafer,  Theodore,  b.  Cedar  Hill,  Albany  Co.,  N.Y..  Mar.  16,  1855;  R.C, 
79,  N.B.S.  82,  1.  CI.  Albany;  Trinity,  Newark,  N.J.,  82-4,  Greenwich, 
(Union  Village,)  N.Y.,  84-6,  Schagticoke.  N.Y.,  86-9,  Hillsborough, 
N.J.,  1889 


THE    MINISTRY.  741 

Shafer,  Thomas  L.,  b.  in  Berne,  N.Y.,  Aug.  3,  1806;  1.  CI.  Schoharie,  1859; 

North  Blenheim,  59-61,  North  Blenheim  and  Breakabin,  61-7,  Sharon, 

71-4,  w.  c.     Died  April  10,  1887.     "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1887,  436. 
Sharpley,  Geo.,  b.  in  Eng. ;  Homerton  Coll.,  London ;  studied  theol.  under 

Rev.  Jas.  Bedell,  Manchester ;  lie.  CI.  Montgomery,  1874 ;  Mapletown, 

74-1883. 
Sharpley,  George  H.     R.C.  88,  N.B.S.  88-9.    Episcopalian. 

Shaul.     See  Schaul. 

Shaw,  Alex.,  b.  Aberdeen,  Scotland,  May  19,  1838;  High  School,  Perth, 
Scotland,  53-6;  U.S.  69;  lie.  Presb.  N.Y.  69;  ord.  CI.  Bergen,  69;  Miss, 
at  West  End,  Jersey  City,  68-72,  at  Bethany  Chapel,  Brooklyn,  72-6, 
at  54th  St.,  N.Y.C,  Grace  Refd.  Ch.  76-9,  Miss,  of  5th  av.  Presbyt.  Ch. 
(Dr.  John  Hall's)   in  King  st,  N.Y.C,  79-81,   S.S.  Guttenberg,  N.J., 

81-5,  Long  Island  City,  1885 

Shaw,  John  B.,  from  Rutland  Assoc,  Vt.,  1852 ;  Tiossiock,  52-9,  d.  1865. 

Shaw,  John  Fletcher,  b ;  R.C.  1865,  N.B.S.  68;  Athens,  Pa.,  68-70, 

Walpack  Lower,  1870-7,  (Presb...  Andover,  N.J.,  78-81,  Trenton,  81-.., 

Newfield,  N.Y.,  1898 ). 

Shaw,  Wm.  A.    Madison  University,  N.Y. ;  N.B.S.  1859,  1.  CI.  Monmouth ; 
Marbletown,  59-60,  Wiltwyck  Station,  Miss,  to,  60-4,  Wiltwyck,  64-72, 
w.  c. ;  S.S.  Cold  Spring,  78-9,  S.S.  Wiltwyck,  W.A.  1879-91,  w.  c.    Pre- 
paring young  men  for  Theological  Seminary.    Died  Sept.  3,  1901. 
Sheffield,  John   H.,  b.   181 1;   U.N.Y.  37,   N.B.S.  40,   1.   CI.   Poughkeepsie, 
North  Hempstead,  43-6,  Miss,  to  the  West,  46-7,  Miss,  to  the  poor  and 
destitute  in  Indiana,  49,  died  1863. 
He  is  described  as  possessing  mental  powers,  a  gentle  carriage,  and  earn- 
est, unobtrusive  piety,  which  commended  him  to  the  love  of  all.     His  noble 
brow  excited  admiration,  and  his  heartful  voice  in  prayer  left  a  deep  im- 
press on  the  memory.     He  was  a  man  of  unselfish  constancy,  fervid  per- 
ception of  the  truth,  unswerving  purity  of  sentiment,  and  winning  amenity 
in  walk  and  conversation.    In  him  divine  grace  had  made  trophy  of  a  noble 
nature,  and  sanctified  it  for  an  ensample.    But  disease  was  working  in  his 
system  from  his  youth,  and  cut  down  his  ministerial  service  to  a  few  years. 
He  spent  the  last  years  of  his  life  near  Suffern,  N.Y. 
Shelland,  William  H.     S.S.  Columbia,  N.Y.,  1895-6. 
Shelvam,  Joshua,  (Hindoo,)  Arcot  Sem.  1892,  1.  CI.  Arcot;  Evangelist  in 

India,  1892 

Shepard,  Chas.  J.,  b.  N.Y.C.  Jan.  21,  1827;  R.C.  50,  N.B.S.  53,  1.  CI.  N.Y.; 
Pompton  Plains,  53-8,  Linlithgow,  58-67,  Newtown,  67-91,  in  California, 

91-92.    Hasbrouck  Heights,  1893 D.D.    Pres.  Partic.  Synod,  N.Y., 

1879;  of  Gen.  Syn.  1887;  of  Partic  Syn.  of  N.B.  1896;  Memb.  Bd.  Dom. 

Miss.  1870-91,  Pres.  Bd.  Pub.  1896 .     Pres.  Alumni  Assoc.  N.B.S. 

1900- 1. 
Sherwood,  Nathan  M.,  b.  Fishkill,,  N.Y.,  Feb.  17,  1839;  N.B.S.  61-2,  U.S. 
62-4,  ord.  by  Presbyt.  of  Ct.  65;    (Patterson,   N.Y.,  65-8,)    S.S.  Cold 
Spring,  68-9,  (Elmira,  N.Y.,  69-75,  Washingtonville,  N.Y.,  75-85,  Jer- 
sey City,  85-92),  S.S.  Linden,  N.J.,  1893 


742  THE    MINISTRY. 

Shield,  see  Schild. 

Shimeall,  Richard  C,  from  Rensselaerville  Bapt.  Assoc.;  Miss,  in  Riving- 
ton  St.,  N.Y.C.,  1827-8,  Pompton,  1828-9,  New  Prospect,  1829-31,  Pres- 
byt.    Died  March  19,  1874.      'Mag.  R.D.C.,"  ii.,  282. 
Publications:   "Age  of  the  World,"  pp.  364.   1842.— "Hist,  of  Prot.  Epis. 
Ch.  1784-1844,"  in  "Rupp's  Hist,  of  Relig.  Denominations.'' — App.  to  "Watt's 
Script.  Hist."     1846.— "End  of  Prelacy."     8vo,  pp.  5^0-     1852.— Illuminated 
Chart  of  Sacred  Hist.,  Chronology,  Geog.  and  Genealogy.    A  Complete  Ecc. 
Chart  from  the  Earliest  Records.— Sacred  Hist,  in  Questions  and  Answers. 
—A  Treatise  on  Prayer.— "Our  Bible  Chronology,  Hist,  and  Prophetic," 
pp.  234.     1859.— "Christ's   Second  Coming."     1864.— "Startling  Facts:    N. 
Y.C.  the  Greatest   Mission  Field."    1864.— "The   Unseen  World."— Letter 
to  Jas.  Lenox,  Esq.,  on  the  "Prophetic  Aspects  of  the  Times."     1866. — 
"Prophetic  Career  and  Destiny  of  Napoleon  III."    1866. — "Post-Millenari- 
anism  Only  150  Years  Old."    1867. — "Distinction  between  the  last  Personal 
Antichrist,  and  the  many  Antichrists  of  Prophecy."     1868. 
Shook,  Herman  H.,  b.  Napanoch,  N.Y.,  Feb.  28.  1846;  lie.  by  N.  CI.  L.I. 
Nov.  12,  83,  ord.  by  N.  CI.  L.I.,  Feb.  5,  1902;  S.S.  at  Fairfield,  Oct.  84- 
Jan.  85,  at  West  New  Hempstead.  Ap.-Sept.  85,  at  Greenwood  Heights, 
May,  93-Ap.,  94,  at  Cold  Spring,  June,  95-July.  94  at  Canajoharie,  Oct.- 
Dec,  97,  supplying  churches  almost  weekly  at  other  times;  pastor,  Lo- 
cust Valley,  1902 

Sickles,  Jacob,  b.  at  Tappan,  1772;  C.C.  1792,  studied  under  Froeligh  and 
Livingston,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1794;  Schenectady,  assisting  Romeyn,  1794-7. 
Coxsackie  and  Coeymans,  1707-1K0T.  Kinderhook,  1801-35,  d.  1845.  D.D. 
by  R.C.  1838. 
His  having  been  invited  as  an  assistant  to  the  eminent  Dirck  Romeyn.  at 
Schenectady,  and  continuing  there  for  three  years,  speaks  much  in  reference 
to  his  early  ability,  and  the  estimation  in  which  he  was  then  held.  His 
field  at  Kinderhook  was  very  extensive,  embracing  the  present  area  of  sev- 
eral churches.  His  labors  were  here  greatly  blessed,  the  numbers  professing 
their  faith  under  his  ministry  averaging  twenty  a  year,  for  thirty  years. 
As  a  preacher  he  was  chaste,  affectionate,  and  searching.  His  style  of  ser- 
monizing was  ornate,  classical,  finished;  and  his  pungent  appeals  to  the 
heart  and  conscience  evinced  a  faithful  servant  of  the  Master,  and  a  dis- 
criminating mind  in  estimating  human  character.  As  a  pastor,  he  had  many 
excellences.  He  was  noted  for  his  uniform  and  sincere  affection,  his  en- 
larged benevolence,  his  remarkable  humility,  and  his  proverbial  prudence, 
together  with  his  untiring  assiduity  in  winning  souls  for  Christ.  In  all 
the  relations  of  life,  his  piety  was  paramount,  his  daily  walk  was  with  God. 
He  preached,  as  unbelievers  admitted,  every  hour  of  his  life. — Fun.  Ser.  by 
Dr.  B.  Van  Zandt.  See  "Sprague's  Annals."  Sec  letter,  Ap.  12,  1821,  con- 
cerning Revival  of  Religion  at  Kinderhook,  in  "Religious  Remembrancer," 
May  18,  1822,  p.  154. 

Siegers,  Peter,  b.  Flushing,  Netherlands,  Feb.  23,  1865 ;  Gymnasium  of 
Middelburg,  Netherlands,  84;  W.S.  93,  1.  CI.  Holland;  Danforth,  111., 
93-7,  Kalamazoo,  97-9,  Holland,  Mich..  09-1900.   Prof,   of  Dutch  and 


THE    MINISTRY.  743 

Instructor  in  Latin  and  Greek,  Hope  College,  1 900-1.  Sheboygan,  Wis., 

1901 

Sietsema,  John,  b.  Polkton,  Mich.,  Ap.  21,  1867;  H.C.  91,  W.S.  94,  He 

by   CI.   Grand   River;   Sheboygan,    (Hope   Ch.)    and   Sheboygan   Falls, 

94-8,  Sheboygan,  98-1900,  Ootsburg,  1900 

Sigafoos,  Orville  Lincoln,  b.  Upper  Black  Eddy,  Pa.,  June  21,  1872;  LaL 

Coll.  94,  U.S.  97,  ord.  CI.  Westchester:  Hastings-on-Hudson,  1897 

Sill,  Geo.  G.,  b.  1791,  Copperas,  (Brunswick,)  111.,  1841-9,  died  1859. 

Simonson,  John,  b.'  near  Somerville,  N.J.,  1817;  R.C.  42,  N.B.S.  45,  1-  CL 
of  Philadelphia;  West  Farms,  45-52,  Bethlehem,  1st,  52-64,  Plainfield, 
(Central),  64-9,  West  Farms,  71-81,  w.  c.     Died  May  11,  1889. 
His  labor  at  Bethlehem  was  greatly  blessed.    In  addition  to  a  revival  of 
spirituality,  benevolence  and  activity,  there  was  a  work  of  grace  on  sinners, 
bringing  about  200  into  the  church.    He  organized  and  became  pastor  of  the 
church  in  Plainfield.    As  a  preacher  he  was  earnest,  evangelical,  scriptural. 
As  a  Christian,  modest,  unassuming,  sincere.    As  a  man,  honest,  honorably 
high-minded.     His  character  was  transparent.     His  faith  in  God  was  un- 
swerving and  his  hope  firm  unto  the  end.    He  lived  and  breathed  the  spirit 
of  Christ.     He  was  conscientious  and  consistent.     There  was  a  delightful 
harmony   between    his    profession   and   practice,    his    words   and    works. — 
"Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1889,  920.    "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.,  R.C,"  1889,  17. 
Sinclair,  J.  H.,  from  Fourth  Presbyt.  N.Y. ;  Richmond,  S.I.,  1866-75. 
Skellenger,  Daniel  W.    R.C.  1882,  N.B.S.  85,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Franklin,  N.J., 

1885-6. 
Skillman,  Wm.  J.,  b.  Ten  Mile  Run,  N.j. ;  R.C.  i860.  N.B.S.  63,  1.  CI. 
N.B. ;  Macon  and  South  Macon,  63-8,  South  Bend,  68-72,  Bethlehem, 
1st,  72-83,  (Sioux  Falls,  S.D.,  83-4,  and  2d,  Flandeau,  S.D.,  84-86), 
Sioux  Falls,  86-93,  Philadelphia,  Talmage  Memorial,  94-6,  Editor  of 
"City  and  State,"  Philadelphia,  1896-1901,  Philadelphia,  South,  1901 

Publications  :  Many  Newspaper,  Magazine  and  Review  articles ;  in 
"Ch.  Int.,"  "Interior,"  "Evening  Post,"  N.Y.C.,  "Christian  Work,"  "Out- 
look," "Congregationalist,"  "Refd.  Ch.  Quarterly,"  "Homeletic  Review," 
"Century,"  "Current  Literature."  Also  Editorials  and  contributions  of 
various  kinds  to  "Sioux  Falls  Press."  "Sioux  Fails  Journal,"  being  editor 
and  publisher;  to  "City  and  State,"  Philadelphia,  being  editor;  and  to 
"Springfield  Republican." 

Skinner,  Thos.  Harvey,  b.  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Oct.  6,  1820;  U.N.Y.  40,  U.S. 
40-2,  A.S.  42-3,  U.S.  43,  ord.  Presbyt.  Newark,  Dec.  8,  1843;  (Paterson, 
N.J.,  43-6,  N.Y.C.  46-55,  Honesdale,  Pa.,  56-9  0  Stapleton,  S.I.,  59-68; 
(Fort  Wayne,  Ind.,  68-71,  Cincinnati.  O.,  71-81,  Prof.  Did.  and  Polemic 
Theology,  in  McCormick  Sem.,  Chicago,  1881-92),  d.  Jan.  4.  D.D.  by 
C.N.J.  1867. 

Slauson,  Hiram,  b.  Greenville,  N.Y.,  Dec.  5,  1810;  U.C.  37,  U.S.  40,  ord.  by 
Cong.,  Sept.  17,  1840;  (Whitehall,  N.Y.,  40-42;)  Northumberland, 
43-53,  Port  Jervis,  53"57;  (Unionville,  Ct.,  Cong.,  57-58,  (S.S.)  E. 
Whitehall,    N.Y.,    58-62;)    New    Salem    and    Clarksville,   N.Y.,    62-66. 


744  THE    MINISTRY. 

S.S.  (Presb.)  Spencertovvn,  N.Y.,  66-60,  w.  c.    Died  Dec.  5,  1891.     See 
"Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1892,  654. 

Publication  :     Hist.  Sermon  at  Port  Jer\is. 

Slingerland,  Elbert,  b.  at  Albany,  NY.,  Dec.  2,  1800;  X.B.S.  24.  1.  CI.  N.B. ; 
Glenville,  1st,  24-33,  Chittenango,  33-4,  Westerlo,  34-6,  Waterford,  36-7, 
Wynantskill,  37-40,  Madison  and  Sun  Prairie,  44-6,  New  Hurley.  46-54. 
Mohawk,  55-6,  Glenville,  2d,  57-60,  Hagaman's  Mills,  60-2,  S.S.  Mo- 
hawk, 65-6,  emeritus,  1870;  died  1875.    See  Manual  of  1879. 

Publications:  Two  Sermons  on  "Baptism."  1858. — "A  Charge  to  2d 
R.D.C.,  Glenville,  at  Install,  of  Rev.  Jas.  Murphy,  1827.  "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  i. 
304- 

Slocum,  Geo.  M.  Dallas,  b.  at  Schuylerville.  N.Y..  Jan.  24,  1845;  U.C.  75, 
N.B.S.  78,  lie.  S.  CI.  L.I..  Knox  and  Berne,  2d,  79-83,  (Cong.,  Gilman, 
la.,  1884.) 

Sluyter,  Richard,  b.  at  Nassau,  N.Y.,  1787;  N.B.S.  1815,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Clave- 
rack,  and  Hillsdale,  16-25,  Claverack,  25-42,  Claverack,  1st  and  2d,  42, 
Claverack,  1st,  43,  died.    Also  supplied  Ghent  for  seven  years. 

He  was  one  of  the  most  apostolic  men  our  Church  has  produced.  He 
was  distinguished  as  a  revivalist.  During  his  ministry  at  Claverack  of 
twenty-eight  years,  there  were  six  extensive  revivals,  in  some  of  which  the 
converts  numbered  by  hundreds.  He  wore  himself  out  in  the  work.  His 
memory,  as  a  man  of  God,  is  still  fresh  in  the  hearts  of  the  people  of  all 
that  region,  which  was  spiritually  transformed  by  his  labors.  His  native 
qualities  were  a  fine  and  even  martial  personal  appearance,  great  conver- 
sational powers,  energy,  hopefulness,  courage,  simplicity,  and  generosity. 
He  was  an  unusually  excellent  singer.  He  was  incessantly  visiting  his 
people  and  talking  to  them  about  their  souls.  He  was  active  and  self-deny- 
ing in  the  establishment  of  new  churches,  in  whole  or  in  part  formed  from 
his  own.  His  death-bed  was  a  scene  of  great  spiritual  beauty  and  power. — 
See  "Memoir  by  Currie."    Rev.  F.  N.  Zabriskie. 

Smalz,  John  Henry.  Q.C.  1818,  N.B.S.  19,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  German  Reformed; 
d.  1861. 

Smart,  John  Gardner,  b.  Baltimore,  Md.,  Sept.  30,  1840;  Am.  C.  68,  P.S. 
71,  1.  Presbyt.  N.B. ;  supplied  Presbyt.  Ch.  of  Schagticoke,  6  months; 
ord.  by  CI.  Saratoga,  72,  Union  Village,  (Greenwich),  N.Y.,  72-81, 
traveled  in  the  Orient,  82,  (S.  S.  Norwood,  Presb.  83-5),  Schoharie, 
85-92.  Editor  and  publisher  of  "The  Washington  Co.  Post,"  Cam- 
bridge, N.Y.,  1892 

Smidt,  H.  T.     Forreston,  111.,  1890-3,  Peoria,  94-5. 

Smit,  John,  lie.  CI.  Paramus,  1883;  Wortendyke,  83-6,  Pella,  3d,  86-91, 
Luctor,  Kan..  92-3,  Paterson,  People's  Park,  1893 

Smit,  Roelof.     Drenthe,  1851-3,  seceded. 

Smith,  Arthur  J.,  an  evangelist;  entered  R.C.A.  1892;  partial  course  N.B.S. 
94-5;  w.  c.  92-6,  (Savannah,  Ga.,  1st.  1897 ) 

Smith,  Henry,  b.  Rifton  Glen,  N.Y.,   Sept.  18,  i860;  Oakwood  Sem.  81, 


THE    MINISTRY.  745 

studied  with  ministers,  privately;  lie.  by  Congregationalists,  (In  Cong. 
chs.  81-96)  ;  Montrose,  96-8,  Cobleskill,  98-1901,  Cicero,  1901 

Smith,  John,  w.  c.  1849-78. 

Smith,  Marshall  B.  Epis.  Theolog.  Sem.,  Va..  1859;  ord.  a  deacon,  58,  a 
Presbyter,  59;  (Wilmington,  Del.,  58-9,  Dover,  Del.,  59-6o,  Passaic, 
N.J.,  60-8,  all  Episcopal;)  entered  R.C.A.  1869,  on  account  of  Roman- 
izing tendencies  in  Epis.  Ch. ;  Spring  Valley,  N.Y.,  69-70,  w.  c.  En- 
tered Ref.  Episcopal  Ch.,  1874.— Also  editor  of  "Prot.  Churchman." 
1867-9,  re-entered  R.C.A.  1882,  d.  Sept. 

Publications  :  "Thanksgiving  for  Victory."  1863. — "The  Wise  De- 
cision": A  Ser.  commem.  of  Edward  M.  Pell.  1864.— "The  Office  and 
Duty  of  the  Church  of  God":  A  Ser.  at  the  Opening  of  the  83d  Annual 
Convention  of  the  Diocese  of  N.J.  1866. — "God's  Mighty  Doings  for  the 
Nation."     1864. — Many  contributions  to  the  press. 

Smith,  Mortimer,  b.  Austerlitz,  N.Y.,  July  7,  1842 ;  U.C.  65 ;  U.T.S.  67, 
Lane  Th.  Sem.  68,  ord.  by  Cong.  Miami  Conf.  68;  (S.S.  at  the  follow- 
ing places:  Canfield,  O.,  70-1,  Wilton,  la.,  72-4;  Pierce  City,  Mo., 
79-80,  Byron,  111.,  80-2,  Shopiere,  Wis.,  83-5,  Bloomington,  Wis.,  85-7; 
also  U.S.  Gov.  Surveyor,  Dakota  Tei\,  75-6)  ;  Germantown,  N.Y., 
87-95,  w.  c. 
Smith,  Nicholas  Everitt,  b.  Jamaica,  L.I.,  1820;  R.C.  41.  N.B.S.  45,  1.  CI. 
N.Y. ;  Miss,  at  Port  Washington,  Mon.  Co.,  45-47,  Oyster  Bay,  47"52, 
Brooklyn,  Middle,  52-70,  Plainfield,  Central,  70-1,  (Plainfield,  Cong.) 
71-80.  Died  June  18,  1890. — See  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,"  1891, 
20. 
Smith,  Samuel,  studied  under  Livingston,  lie.  by  Synod  of  D.R.  Chs.  1789; 

Saratoga,  1789-1800;  also  Buskirk's  Bridge,  1792-1800,   (Presb.) 
Smith,  Thos.  Gibson,  b.    1756,  in  Scotland;  c.   to  America,   1774,  studied 
under  Mason,  lie.  by  Assoc.  Refd.   Presb.  Ch.  May  27,  1789;    (Little 
Britain  and    Shawangunk,   Assoc.    Ref.,)    1791-9,    Kleyn    Esopus    and 
Bloomingdale,    1799-1801,   Kleyn  Esopus,    Bloomingdale,    and    Hurley, 
1801-8,   Tarrytown,   1808-12,  Tarrytown.    (and  Greenburgh,   Presbyt.,) 
12-20,  Tarrytown  and  Unionville,  20-37,  died  April   10. 
He  identified  himself  with  the  party  of  liberty,  soon  after  he  came  to 
America,  and  took  some  active  part  in  the  war.     At  its  close  he  determined 
to  prepare  for  the  ministry,  in  which  he  labored  for  almost  half  a  century. 
He  was  strongly  attached  to  the  standards  of  his  Church,  and  gave  a  promi- 
nence to  them  in  his  preaching.     His  manner  was  discriminating,  and  rich 
in  evangelical  sentiment;  it  was  also  eminently  experimental  and  practical. 
This  made  him  a  favorite  preacher  with  the  aged  and  experienced.    He  was 
favored  with  several   revivals.     His  body,  possessed  of  great  vigor  and 
strength,  was  the  type  of  his  mind. 

Smith,  William.    R.C.  1863,  N.B.S.  63-4,  Hudson,  80-5. 

Smith,  Wm.  H.     U.C.  1863;  Ephratah,  1865-8,  also  S.S.  at  Tillaborough, 

1868.     (Presbyt.  1868-76.)     Little  Falls,  N.J..  1876-8.    Died  1880. 
Smith,  William  Richmond,  (s.  of  Rev.  Robt.  Smith.)  b.  in  Lancaster  Co., 


746  THE   MINISTRY. 

Pa.,    1752;    C.X.J.    [7..,    (Wilmington.    Del.,    [780-94,)    Neshanic   and 
Harlingen,  1794-1817,  d.  1820.     Elected  a  trustee  of  Queen's  Coll.  1800. 

His  father  was  minister  at  Pequea,  Pa.,  while  his  mother  was  sister  of 
the  celebrated  brothers,  Samuel  and  John  Blair,  most  eminent  preachers. 
(See  "Alexander's  Log  College,"  and  "Murphy's  Presbytery  of  the  Log 
College.") 

He  had  also  two  distinguished  preachers  for  brothers,  namely.  Samuel  S. 
Smith  and  John  Smith.  He  was  a  man  of  sound  mind,  and  an  edifying 
preacher— a  man  highly  esteemed  and  revered  by  the  people  to  whom  he 
ministered  through  the  long  period  of  twenty-five  years— a  courteous,  gen- 
tlemanly man.  He  visited  his  people  faithfully  and  regularly  as  a  pastor, 
going  through  his  congregation  or  parish  in  a  year  and  a  half,  yearly,  and 
every  year,  so  long  as  he  was  able,  not  passing  by  a  single  family.  He  was 
stricken  with  paralysis,  while  in  the  act  of  preaching  to  his  people.  He 
survived  the  attack  fpr  several  years,  but  was  a  wreck  in  mind  and  body 
during  the  remainder  of  his  life. — Dr.  Gabriel  Ludlow.  Fun.  Ser.  by  Rev. 
P.  Labagh. 
Smitz,  Bastian.     H.C.  1881,  N.B.S.  84,  lie.  Stone  Ridge,  84-5,  Constantine, 

85-8 
Smock,  John  H.,  b.  Freehold,  N.J.,  Jan.  20,  1836;  R.C.  63,  N.B.S.  66,  1.  CI. 
Monmouth ;  Oyster  Bay,  1866-71,  Readington,  1871-83,  Oyster  Bay  and 
Locust  Valley,  83-96,  S.S.  Locust  Valley,  96-8,  w.  c. 
Smuller,  Henry  W.,  b.  in  Middletown,  Dauphin  Co.,   Pa.,   1808;   Oberlin 
Coll.,  studied   theology  in   Buffalo;    (Presbyt.,  Alden,  Alexander  and 
Oakfield,  Genesee  Co.,  N.Y.,  18..-..);  Kingston,  2d,  1840-53;    (Pres- 
byt., Kingston,  1st,  18..-..;  Carmel,  N.Y.,  18..-..;  Eastmouth,  N.Y., 
18.. -73.    Died  Oct.  15,  1881. 
Smyth,  George  Hutchinson,  b.  Antrim  Co.,  Ballymena,  Ireland,  Mar.  20, 
1839;  U.N.Y.  62,  Allegheny  Sem.  and  P.S.  64,  ord.  by  Presbyt.  District 
of  Columbia,  Oct.  16,  64;    (Washington,  6th,  64-9,  Wilmington,  Del., 
69-72,    chaplain,    House   of   Refuge,    Randall's    Island,    N.Y.C.,    73-6.) 
Harlem  Collegiate,  N.Y.C.,  81-91,  (Augustine.  Florida,  1891.  w.  c.) 

Publications:  Contributions  to  "Magazine  of  Am.  Hist.";  to  the  "N. 
Y.  Observer,"  "Ch.  Int.,"  "Evangelist,"  etc.,  "Hist,  of  Ref.  Dutch  Ch.  of 
Harlem." 

Snyder,  Benjamin  Franklin,  b.  at  Saugerties,  N.Y.,  1826;  R.C.  46,  N.B.S. 
49,  1.  CI.  Ulster;  Bloomingdale,  50-2,  Miss,  al  Mt.  Vernon,  52-4,  Ar- 
cadia, 55-6,  Schodack,  56-68,  (S.S.  Presbyt.  Ch.  Acra,  NY.,  69.)  w.  c. 
Died  Ap.  14,  1889. 
He  was  a  preacher  of  more  than  ordinary  ability,  presenting  truth  in  a 
fresh  and  suggestive  style,  and  from  a  well-furnished  mind.     He  preached 
usually  and  acceptably  without  notes.     He  was  manly  and  sincere  in  his 
dealings  with  men,  genial  and  companionable,  and  made  warm  friends.  He 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  H.  R.  Ministerial  Association,  and  a  valued 
participant  in   its   meetings.— See   "Mints.   Gen.    Syn.,"   1889,   918.— "Biog. 
Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,"  1889,  22. 


THE    MINISTRY.  747 

Snyder,  George  Niver,  b.  Honesdale,  Pa.,  Mar.  27,   1844 ;   Ham.  Col.  68 ; 

U.T.S.  71;  ord.  CI.  Westchester,  Jan.  13,  1871  ;  Greenburgh.  71-2;  (S.S. 

White  Plains,  N.Y.,  1872,  d.  Nov.  2.) 
Snyder,  G.  W.    See  Schneyder. 

Snyder,  Henry.  Miss,  to  Frankford  and  Schuyler,  (Herkimer  Co.,  N.Y.,) 
1829-30,  Herkimer,  183 1. 

Solomon,  J.    (Hindoo),  lie.  CI.  Arcot,  1895;  Evangelist  in  India,  1895 ■ 

Sonnema,  Charles  J.;  Raritan,  111.,  1889-92,  Centreville,  Mich.,  92-5,  Bush- 

nell,  95-7,  Pekin,  111.,  97-1900,  S.S.  at  Havana,  111.,  1900-1. 
Soodram,  J.  M.    (Hindoo),  Arcot  Sem.  1896;  lie.  CI.  Arcot;  evangelist  in 

India,  1896 

Souri,   John.      (Hindoo,)    lie.    by    C.    Arcot,    1896;    evangelist    in    India, 

1896 

Souri,  P (Hindoo,)  b.  1835-40  (?);  educated  in  the  Boys'  Board- 
ing and  Training  School,  Vellore,  59 ;  teacher  in  the  Mission  School, 
Palmaner,  59-63;  teacher  at  Madanapaile,  63-98;  ordained,  Oct.  1891 ; 
minister  at  Palmaner,  1891-8,  d.  Nov.  7. 
His  life  was  an  interesting  and  useful  one.  He  was  born  of  Christian 
parents,  and  was  one  of  the  first  graduates  of  the  above-mentioned  Boys' 
Training  School,  which  developed  into  the  Arcot  Mission  College.  In 
1863  he  was  one  of  the  four  volunteers  who  accompanied  Dr.  Jacob  Cham- 
berlain on  a  long  exploring  and  preaching  tour  through  the  little-known 
and  much-dreaded  and  remote  regions  of  the  Nijams  Dominions,  and  on 
into  the  Central  Provinces,  and  by  the  Gouds  and  Kois,  down  to  the  sea 
coast.  Before  starting,  so  dangerous  was  the  expedition  thought  to  be,  that 
these  volunteers  held  a  sacramental  supper  together  and  entered  into  a 
solemn  covenant  that  the  survivors  would  tenderly  care  for  each  other's 
families.  The  trip  lasted  five  months,  and  abounded  with  hardships  and 
dangers,  but  in  no  instance  did  any  of  them  quail  before  any  peril,  while 
the  experience  of  God's  special  providences  learned  thereby,  affected  Souri's 
whole  subsequent  life.  In  1863  he  left  Palmaner,  and  went  with  Dr.  Cham- 
berlain to  undertake  the  new  school  at  Madanapaile.  In  1883  he  was  made 
inspecting  catechist  of  one-half  of  this  field,  for  two  years  making  his  abode 
at  Piler.  At  the  close  of  1890  he  and  his  colleague,  another  inspecting  cate- 
chist, John  Souri,  were  called  as  associate  pastors  of  the  Madanapaile 
Church,  with  its  ten  village  congregations.  They  were  ordained  by  the 
Classis  of  Arcot  at  Madanapaile  in  October,  1891,  and  well  and  faithfully 
sustained  their  new  responsibilities.  The  relations  between  him  and  Dr. 
Chamberlain  were  always  of  a  most  intimate  and  brotherly  nature.  Before 
a  Christian  congregation  his  preaching  was  very  earnest  and  effective,  often 
rising  to  heights  of  real  eloquence.  In  street  and  bazaar  preaching  he  had 
great  power,  being  fertile  in  illustrations,  fearless  in  the  presentation  of 
truth,  and  skillful  in  argument.  He  was  supported  by  the  Kinderhook  Sab- 
bath School  for  35  years. 

Southard,  James  Lott,  b.  Newark,  N.J.,  Jan.  13,  1844;  R.G  66,  N.B.S.  69, 
1.  S.  CI.  Bergen;  Woolcot,  69-81,  Buskirks,  81-91,  Griggstown,  1891- 
1902,  w.  c. 


748  THE    MINISTRY. 

Contributions  to  religious  and  secular  papers. 
Spaulding,  Arthur,  (s.  of  Cyril  Spaulding,)  b.  Athens,  N.Y.,  Nov.  i8,  1866; 
R.C.  90,  U.S.  93,  1.  Presbyt.  N.Y.;  Assistant,  Passaic,  1st,  94-6,   (Bain- 
bridge,  N.Y.,  Presb.   1896 ) 

Spaulding,  Cyril,  b.  at  Westerlo,  N.Y.,  June  14,  1818;  R.C.  41,  N.B.S.  46, 
1.  CI.  N.B.  New  Rhinebeck  and  Cobleskill,  46-49,  New  Rhinebeck,  49-52, 
Blooming  Grove,  52-56,  Rotterdam,  2d,  56-60,  Athens,  1st  and  2d,  60- 
66,  Athens,  1st,  66-68,  Shawangunk,  68-82,  Spotswood,  N.J.,   1883-90, 
emeritus.    Died  Aug.  9,  1896. 
He  lived  to  see  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  his  ministry,  after  pastoral  ser- 
vices of  forty-three  years.  Natural  modesty  and  an  humble  Christian  spirit 
restrained  him  from  vain  ambition.    His  chief  desire  was  to  fulfill  his  mis- 
sion as  a  servant  of  Jesus  Christ,  whether  in  higher  or  lower  spheres.    The 
truth  of  the  fundamental  doctrines  of  the  Scripture,   as  set  forth  in  the 
standards  of  our  Church,  had  a  firm  hold  upon  his  heart.    He  had  no  sym- 
pathy with  any  tendency  to  lessen  faith  in  the  supreme  authority  of  any 
part  of  God's  Word.     He  preached  written  discourses,  prepared  with  care, 
analytical  in  character,  instructive,  and  readily  understood.     He  loved  the 
Church  of  his  birth  and  education,  and  had  a  warm  affection  for  the  insti- 
tutions through  which  he  passed.     A  cheerful,  genial  spirit  made  him  an 
agreeable  companion. — "Mints.  Gen.   Syn.,"  1897,  756. — "Biog.   Notices  of 
Grads.  R.C,"  1897,  12. 

Sperling,  Isaac,  b.  Kingston,  N.J.,  Nov.  15.  i860;  R.C.  87-90,  N.B.S.  93,  1. 
CI.  N.B.  South  Branch,  1893 

•  Publications  :     Hist.  Disc,  at  Semi-Centen.  South  Branch,  1900. 
Spinner,  John  P.,  b.  at  Werbach,  Ger.,  (Electorate  of  Mentz,)  Jan.  18,  1768. 
Gym.  of  Bishopsheim ;  University  of  Mentz,  1788 ;  studied  theology  in  a 
Roman  Catholic  Theolog.  Sem.     Consecrated  to  Holy  Orders  in  Rom. 
Cath.  Ch.,  1789;  became  a  Protestant,  1800.     Rec'd  into  Classis  of  Al- 
bany, 1801 ;  German  Flats  and  Herkimer,   1801-41,  German  Flats,  41- 
1848,  d.  May  2-j. 
He  was  dedicated  to  the  office  of  the  Roman  Catholic  priesthood  when 
eleven  years  of  age.     Besides  the  ordinary  branches  of  mathematics,  the 
languages,  philosophy  and  theology,  he  was  thoroughly  acquainted  with  the 
law  and  medicine.     During  his  priesthood  in  Germany  he  assisted  at  the 
funerals  of  two  Emperors,  viz.,  Joseph  II.  and  Leopold  II.     Soon  after  re- 
nouncing Romanism   he   married    Mary    Magdale    Fidelis    Boumanted,    of 
Laire.    This  was  in  1801.     He  left  Germany  for  America  on  May  12,  1801, 
and  was  sixty-three  days  on  the  passage.     While  a  pastor  for  more  than 
forty  years,   he  was   also,   at   the  same   time.    Professor   during  eighteen 
months  of  this  time  in  a  High  School  in  Utica.     He  preached  at  first  in 
German  altogether,  but  subsequently  alternated  German  and  English.     He 
was  the.  father  of  Gen.  F.  E.  Spinner,  for  many  years  U.  S.  Treasurer.* — 

♦Gen.  F.  E.  Spinner  was  born  in  Mohawk  in  1802.  In  1824  he  was  a  mer- 
chant in  Herkimer,  and  in  1829  was  elected  sheriff  of  the  county.  In  1839  he 
was  made  cashier  of  the  Mohawk  County  Bank,  and  afterward  was  its  presi- 
dent for  many  years.  For  four  years  he  was  deputy  naval  officer  of  the  Port 
of  New  York.     In  1854  he  was  elected  to  Congress  as  a  democrat;   but  during 


THE   MINISTRY.  749 

See  "College  and  School,"  Ap.  1890— "The  Spinner  Number,"  for  sketch; 
with  sketch  also  of  Gen.  F.  E.  Spinner. 

Spoer,  Hans  H.    N.B.S.  1898,  1.  by  CI.  Paramus.    Wanted  to  go  to  a  Uni- 
tarian Association  in  Mass.     License  revoked  by  Classis  of  Paramus. 
Staats,  Bergen  Brokaw,  b.  Fair  Hill,  Md.,  Ap.  15.  1853;  R.C.  76,  N.B.S. 

79,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  West  Hurley,  79-82,  Coxsackie,  1st,  82-90,  Helderberg, 

90-6,  Long  Branch,  1897 

Staats,  John  A.,  b.  at  Millstone,  N.J.,  1817;  R.C.  36,  N.B.S.  40,  I.  CI.  N.B. 

Clintonville,  N.J.,  40-1,  Preakness,  43-61,  Blooming  Grove,  61-6.  w.  c. 

Died  at  Goshen,  N.Y.,  Feb.  3,  1891. 
Among  his  classmates  in  college  were  Joseph  P.  Bradley,  Cortlandt  Par- 
ker, Wm.  A.  Newell,  Fred.  T.  Frelinghuysen.  He  at  once,  upon  graduation, 
entered  upon  the  work  of  civil  engineering,  and  was  engaged  in  running  the 
routes  of  the  Harlem  and  Erie  railroads.  But  the  revival  which  swept  over 
New  Brunswick  soon  after  his  graduation  also  reached  some  who  had 
closed  their  college  course,  and  changed  their  future  careers.  Mr.  Staats 
was  one  of  these,  and  he  did  good  service  in  the  pastorate  for  more  than  a 
quarter  of  a  century.  Failing  health  compelled  him  to  give  up  the  settled 
ministry,  but  he  helped  destitute  and  vacant  churches  during  many  years. 
He  was  a  man  of  warm  and  ardent  temperament,  strongly  attached  to  his 
friends,  of  decided  convictions  and  without  disguise  or  hypocrisy.  Pos- 
sessed of  fine  social  qualities,  and  entering  freely  among  the  families  of  his 
congregation  into  conversation  upon  matters  of  home  life,  and  having  a 
most  extensive  acquaintance  with  people  in  various  parts  of  the  country  in 
which  he  lived  and  in  other  States,  he  was  a  welcome  visitor  wherever  he 
went. — "Mints  of  Gen.  Syn.,"  1891,  418.  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C," 
1891,  18. 
Staehli,  John.     N.B.S.  1883,  ord.  by  CI.  Bergen,  83;  Jersey  City,  1st,  Ger. 

Evang.  83-1891. 
Stanbrough,  Rufus  M.    R.C.  1858,  N.B.S.  61 ;  Manheim  and  Indian  Castle, 

(Danube,)   61-76,   Columbia,  76-81,  Stone  Arabia,  81-5,  West  Hurley 

and  Stewartville,  85-1893,  w.  c. 
Stapelkamp,  Evert  W.,  b.   Cedar  Grove.  Wis.,  Sept.  21,   1858;   H.C.  83, 

N.B.S.  86,  1.  CI.   Grand  River;  Grand  Haven,  2d,  86-8.   Cedar  Grove, 

Wis.,  88-94,  Kalamazoo,  1st,  1894 

Starks,  Jared  L.   Bowman's  Creek,  (now  Buel),  1840-12,  S.S.  Columbia  and 

Mohawk,  42-3,  Mohawk  and  German  Flats,  and  S.  S.  Frankford,  43-4, 

Mohawk  and  Frankfort,  44-6,   Mohawk,  46-52,   Fort  Herkimer,   52-7, 

w.  c.  Fort  Herkimer,  1861-2,  d. 
Statesir,  Benj.  Tilton,  b.  in  Monmouth  Co.,  N.J.,  1841  ;  R.C.  1862.  N.B.S. 

1865,  1.  CI.  Monmouth ;  Stone  House  Plains,  65-72,  West  New  Hemp- 

his  term  the  republican  party  was  formed,  which  at  once  enlisted  his  ser- 
vices, and  he  was  re-elected  to  Congress  in  1856  as  a  republican  by  9,000 
majority,  and  again  in  1858.  In  1861  he  was  made  Treasurer  of  the  United 
States,  and  retained  that  office  until  1875.  His  famous  signature  on  the 
greenbacks  and  bonds  of  that  period,  is  yet  fresh  in  the  public  mind.  His 
fidelity  earned  him  the  title,  "The  Watch  Dog  of  the  Treasury."  For  sketch 
after  1875  until  his  death  in  1890,  on  Dec.  30.  see  funeral  address  of  Rev.  H. 
M.  Cox  on  General  Spinner,  in  "Herkimer  Citizen"  of  Jan.  6,  1891. 


750  THE    MINISTRY. 

stead,    72-81,    Principal   of   Grammar    School,    Somerville,    N.J.,   81-8, 

Fallsburgh,  Jan.  1889 

Stebbins,  Jas.     U.C.    1842,    P.S.   45,    S.S.    Fort   Miller,   46,    Presbyt.— See 

"Princeton  Gen.  Catalogue."' 
Steele,  John,  b.  at  Somerville,  N.J.,  Sept.  22,  1827:  R.C.  45.  N.B.S.  48,  1.  CI. 
N.B.  Lebanon,  48-53,  Coxsackie,  2d,  53-8,  Union   Village.  58-65,  To- 
towa,  1  st.  65-77,  Greenbush,  77-86.    Died  Jan.  17.  1889.     D.D.  by  R.C. 
1873- 
During  his  residence  in   Paterson,  the  Governor  of  New  Jersey  nomi- 
nated him  to  the  Senate  as  one  of  the  visitors  to  the  Rutgers   Scientific 
School.     The  nomination  was  confirmed,  and  he  served  in  this  office  until 
his  removal  from  the  State.     He  was  a  painstaking  sermonizer,  and  grace- 
ful in  his  delivery.    He  was  successful  in  his  ministry,  not  by  the  adoption 
of  new  methods  of  preaching,  but  by  the  use  of  the  old  style,  together  with 
faithful  catechetical  instruction  and  family  visitation.    There  was  a  power 
in  his  manner  of  presenting  truth  which  forced  conviction  on  the  minds  of 
his  hearers. — See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1889,  915. — "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads. 
of  R.C,"  1889,  18. 

Steele,  John  Beatty,  b.  at  Salem,  N.Y..  1796;  Mid.  C.  1818,  Ass.  Ref.  Sem., 
(under  Mason.)  22,  lie.  by  A.R.  Presbyt.  of  New  York,  22;  supplied 
Albany,  Middle,  23,  ord.  CI.  Albany,  24 ;   Boght,  24-33,  Middleburgh, 
33-8,   also   S.S.   Breakabin,   37,   Helderbergh,   38-46;    supplied    Prince- 
town,   Ballston  Centre,  Presbyt.,  etc.,  46-50,  teaching  in  N.Y.C  50-3, 
Cortlandtown,  53-7;  supplied  Salem  Assoc.  Ref.,  Salem,  Presbyt.,  \Yil- 
ford,  Presbyt.,  etc.,  57-73,  w.  c.    Died  Aug.  22,  1884. 
He  was  remarkably  successful  in  winning  souls.     He  was  a  man  of 
faith  and  of  intense  convictions.     Honesty  pervaded  his  thoughts  and  gave 
direction  to  his  life.     His  mind,  solid  and  firm,  gave  shape  and  purpose  to 
his  sermons.    He  always  preached  to  reach  a  mark.    His  sermons  were  his 
tools  to  produce  certain  results.    Few  ministers  have  been  more  successful 
in  the  exact  design  of  the  ministerial  and  pastoral  office. 

.Publications:  "Signs  of  the  Millennium":  A  Miss.  Ser.  1830. — "The 
Symbol  and  Word  of  Encouragement" :  A  Ser.  at  ord.  of  Rev.  R.  H.  Steele. 
1848. — "Sacred  Poetical  Paraphrases  and  Miscellaneous  Poems."  pp.  384. 
1863. 

Steele,  Richard  Holloway,   (s.  of  John  B.  Steele.)  b.  in  Albany  Co..  N.Y. ; 
R.C.  1844,  N.B.S.  47,  1.  CI.  Schenectady;  ord.  by  Presbyt..  Albany,  Feb. 
48;    (Charlton,  47-50,  Ballston   Spa,   Fresbyt..   50-52,)    Nassau,   52-63, 
New  Brunswick,  1st,  1863-80,  (Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  Presbyt.  80-8,)  w.  c. 
Died  Ap.  5,  1900.    D.D.  by  R.C.  1867. 
The  prevailing  trait  in  his  character  was  faithfulness  to  duty.     He  was 
ever  burdened  with  a  sense  of  responsibility.     Nothing  could   turn   him 
aside  from  attending  to  his  Master's  business.     He  held  many  important 
charges;  he  came  in  contact  with  many  strong  characters,  and  was  in  touch 
with  the  most  varied  relations  of  men  and  institutions.     In  all  these  rela- 
tions his  devotion  to  duty  was  his  conspicuous  trait.     In  meeting  this  duty 
he  neither  feared  criticism  nor  courted  favor.    He  was  first  of  all  a  preacher. 


THE   MINISTRY.  751 

with  all  that  that  means,  as  including  the  care  of  souls.  In  the  pulpit  he  was 
warm,  clear,  ready;  and  above  all,  Scriptural.  He  brought  to  the  produc- 
tion of  his  sermons  strong  natural  abilities,  as  well  as  the  culture  of  the 
schools,  and  was  always  an  acceptable  preacher  to  all  classes  of  people. 
Revival  after  revival  followed  his  ministrations,  and  he  looked  carefully 
after  his  church  members.  His  churches  always  prospered,  and  were  filled 
with  energetic  members,  who  caught  the  spirit  of  the  under  shepherd,  even 
as  he  had  been  quickened  with  the  life  of  the  Great  Shepherd. 

He  was  also  a  good  citizen,  alive  to  all  the  interests  of  the  community  in 
which  he  lived.  He  was  outspoken  and  aggressive  against  municipal  crook- 
edness and  political  corruption.  During  the  Rebellion  of  the  Slave  States 
he  was  loyal  to  the  core.  He  was  also  eminently  a  man  of  home  affections. 
His  household  was  one  of  peace  and  joy.  Although  a  man  of  warm  temper, 
which  needed  guarding,  yet  he  had  a  still  warmer  heart,  whence  flowed 
out  perpetually  streams  of  love  to  his  family,  to  the  people  of  his  church, 
to  all  Christians,  as  well  as  to  the  communities  in  which  his  lot  was  cast. 
There  never  was  a  better  pastor,  one  more  devoted  to  his  people ;  more 
sympathetic  at  the  open  grave ;  more  prompt  at  the  bedside  of  sickness,  or 
in  rendering  aid  to  distress  in  any  form. — See  also  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads. 
R.C.,"  1890,  14. 

Publications:  Sermon  on  the  "Death  of  James  W.  Blakey,  a  Law 
Student."  1851. — "America,  a  Land  Pre-eminently  Blessed":  A  Thanks- 
giving Discourse.  1852.— "The  Bible  the  Safeguard  of  the  Nation":  a 
Sermon  before  the  Rensselaer  Co.  Bibie  Society.  1857. — "The  Rod  of 
Providence" :  a  Sermon  at  the  funeral  of  Charlotte  S.  Van  Slyke.  1852. — 
Discourse  at  the  Funeral  of  Mary  Merchant.  1863. — "Victory  and  Mourn- 
ing" :  a  Discourse  occasioned  by  the  death  of  President  Lincoln.  1865. — 
"Our  National  Deliverance":  a  Thanksgiving  Discourse.  1865. — "Memo- 
rial of  Mrs.  Eliza  W.  Shaddle":  a  Sermon.  1866. — Historical  Discourse; 
delivered  at  the  One  Hundred  and  Fiftieth  Anniversary  on  the  First  Re- 
formed Church,  New  Brunswick,  with  Anniversary  Exercises,  and  Cata- 
logues of  Church  Officers  and  Members.  .  1867. — "Memorial  of  Nicholas 
Booram" :  a  Discourse.  1869. — "Memorial  of  Mrs.  A.  V.  Schenck" :  an 
Address.  1870. — Address  at  laying  the  Corner-stone  of  the  Chapel  of  First 
Church,  New  Brunswick.  1870. — "Our  Country's  Future":  a  Thanksgiving 
Discourse.  1875. — "God's  Presence  Through  the  Year":  a  Discourse. 
1876. 

Steele,  Wm.  H.  R.C.  1837,  N.B.S.  40,  1.  CI.  N.B. :  voyage  to  Borneo,  May- 
Sept.,  42,  Batavia,  42-3,  Karangan,  43-9,  returned  to  America ;  w.  c. 
D.D.  by  U.N.Y.  1870. 

Publications  :  Numerous  articles  in  the  "Christian  Intelligencer"  and 
"Gospel  Field."— "The  Manse  at  Nunnlyquett,"  "The  Old  Route  to  Mis- 
sions," "The  Borneo  Missions,"  were  three  series  in  the  "Gospel  Field," 
of  about  thirty  columns.  1871-2. — "The  Borneo  Mission."  In  "Manual  of 
Missions  R.C.A." 
Steffens.  Cornelius  M.,  b H.C.  1802.  W.S.  95,  1.  CI.  Holland; 


'/52  THE    MINISTRY. 

Bushnell,  111.,  95-8,  Little  Falls,  X.Y..  98-1901,  agent  of  the  "'Ch.  Int.," 

1 901 

Steffens,  N.  M.     From  Embdcn,   Netherlands;   N.Y.C.,   Av.   13,    (Ger.,) 

1871-2,  Silver  Creek,  111.,  72-8,  Zeeland,  Mich..  78-82,  Holland.  1st. 
Mich.,  83-4.  Prof,  of  Didactic  and  Polemic  Theology  in  Western  Semi- 
nary,  Holland,   Mich.,  84-95,    (Prof,   in  the   Presbyterian   Seminary  at 

Dubuque,  95-8),  Orange  City,  la.,  1898 

Publications:     Many  contributions  to  the  press. 
Stegeman,  Abram,  b.  at  Now  Groningen,  Mich..  May  4,  1857;  H.C.  80,  N. 
B.S.  83,  1.  CI.  Holland;  Harrison,  S.D.,  83-92,  New  Holland,  92-1899. 
d.  Feb.  19. 
His  record  at  college  was  one  of  spotless  purity.    In  his  charges  he  stead- 
ily grew  in  the  affections  of  his  people.  He  was  an  ideal,  faithful  disciple  of 
the  Cross.    He  loved  the  expository  method  of  preaching.    He  was  stricken 
with  apoplexy  while  preaching,  and  in  two  hours  died. — "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.." 
1899,  568. 

Stegeman,  William,  (brother  of  Ab.  Stegeman),  b.  New  Groningen. 
Mich.;  H.C.  89;  N.B.S.  92,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Grand  View.  S.D..  92-7.  Pella, 

Neb.,  97-1900,  Perkins,  S.D.,  1900 

Steinfuhrer,  Chs.  Danl.  Fred.,  b.  Stargard,  Great  Duchy  of  Mecklen- 
burg-Strelitz,  Germany,  Jan.  12,  1841  :  U.C  64,  N.B.S.  67,  1.  CI.  Schen- 
ectady;  Astoria,  2d,   (Ger.,)   and  Newtown,    (Ger.,)   67-9.  Astoria,  2d, 

(Ger.,)  1869 

Steins,  Frederick,   from   Ref.   Ch.   in    Prussia  ;    Miss.   German.  2d.    N.Y.C., 

1849. 
Stephens,  George  II.,  b.  Plainfield,  N.J.,  Sept.  27,  1857;  R.C.  81,  N.B.S.  84. 
lie.   CI.  Raritan,  ord.  by  Presb.  of  Elizabeth;    (Springfield.   N.J.,  85-6, 
Flanders,  87-90,  Berwick,  Pa.,  90-8.  supplying  Presbyt.  Chs.  in  Presbyt. 

of  N.B.  1898 ) 

Stephenson,  William.  North  Hempstead,  1S00-1,   (N.Y.C.  Rutgers  Presbyt. 

Ch.  81.) 
Stevenberg,  James,  b.  Fulton,  111.,  May  6,  1870;  H.C.  93,  P.S.  96,  lie.  by 

Orange  City,  la.,  96-8,  in  Leipzig,  Ger.,  1898 

Ste\rnsou,  James  B.,  b.  in  Salem,  N.Y.,  1798;  N.B.S.  1827,  1.  CI.  Washing- 
ton; Miss,  to  Lysander,  Sparta,  and  Cato,  27-9,   Florida,    (Minaville,) 
29-54,  Wynantskill,  54-64,  died  March  2. 
In  early  life  he  studied  with  the  Scotch  Presbyterian  Church  in  Salem, 
N.Y.,  under  charge  of  Dr.  Proudtit,  and  while  yet  young  chose  the  minis- 
try.    With  a  burning  zeal,  he  was  willing  to  labor  withersoever  the  Lord 
might  call  him.     In  eighteen  months,   so  well  fitted  for  the  work  was  he, 
that  he  gathered  and  organized  a  fine  congregation  in  the  then  newly  set- 
tled Onondaga  County,  at  Lysander,  and  procured  the  erection  of  a   fine 
house  of  worship.    He  was  noted  for  his  fidelity,  earnestness,  and  devotion. 
He  displayed  great   energy  in   all   his   enterprises.     But   his  constitution  at 
length  began  to  feel  the  effects  of  his  excessive  labors.     He  wore  himself 
out  in  his  Master's  service.    When  really  unable,  he  would  yet   labor  and 
preach,  directing  sinners  to  the  Lamb  of  God,     His  last  intelligible  words 


THE   MINISTRY.  753 

were,  "Firm  trust!  clear,  clear!"     His  piety  was   sincere  and  deep;   his 
judgment  sound   and  practical.     His   preaching  was   evangelical   and   in- 
structive.    As  a  pastor,  he  greatly  excelled ;  few  could  resist  his  kind  and 
solemn  appeals. 
Stewart.     See  Stuart. 

Stewart,  Abel  T.,  b.  at  Somerville,  N.J.,  Aug.  4,  1822;  R.C.  43,  N.B.S.  46, 
lie.  CI.  N.B. ;  Greenville,  46-50,  Greenville  and  Bronxville,  50-2,  Tarry- 
town,  1st,  52-66,  Holland,  2d,  Mich.,  (Hope,)  66-78,  d.  May  24,  at  Wat- 
kins,  N.Y.  D.D.  by  R.C.  1873. 
He  was  one  of  the  converts  of  the  great  revival  in  New  Brunswick  in 
1837.  At  once  he  felt  himself  called  to  the  ministry.  He  was  a  man  of 
singular  and  manifest  sincerity.  There  was  nothing  seeming  in  his  nature. 
All  was  open  and  ingenuous.  When  he  professed  Christ  it  was  from  the 
heart.  He  loved  Christ  and  preached  his  word  with  an  integrity  of  purpose 
which  left  no  room  for  doubt.  His  nature  was  peculiarly  sympathetic,  and 
his  soul  in  harmony  with  the  woes  and  throes  of  humanity.  He  was  a 
model  of  uprightness  in  the  various  relations  of  life.  He  was  a  scholar  of 
no  mean  literary  tastes  and  attainments,  of  general  reading  and  culture,  of 
industrious  habits,  and  of  more  than  average  ability  as  a  preacher  and  ex- 
pounder of  the  Word  of  God.  He  was  eminently  free  from  envy  and  sel- 
fishness. He  rejoiced  in  the  popularity  and  success  of  his  brethren,  for 
all  of  whom  he  cherished  a  brother's  love.  His  most  intimate  friends 
assert  that  they  never  heard  him  speak  a  word  of  disparagement  of  a 
brother  minister.  With  all  his  manly  traits,  his  courage,  his  strong  com- 
mon sense,  his  energy  of  character,  he  had  the  tender  heart  of  a  woman. 
His  dying  experiences  were  very  delightful. — See  "Memorial"  and  also 
"Ch.  Int.,"  June  6,  1878. 

Publications  :    A  Hist.  Disc.  First  Ref.  Ch.,  Tarrytown.     1866. 
Stewart,  James  W.,  Prin.  of  Washington  Academy,  Salem,  18.  .-34;  Jack- 
son, 1834-6,  Warwick,  1838-42. 
Stillwell,  Aaron  L.,  b.  at  Whitestone,  1828;  R.C.  51,  N.B.S.  54,  1-  CI.  N.B.; 

Bergen  Neck,  54-64.  d.     See  Manual  of  1879. 
Stiixweli.,  John  Letson,  b.  Bayonne,  N.J..  Dec.  17,  1859;  R.C.  79;  N.B.S. 
82,  1.  CI.  Raritan;  Montague,  82-4,  Athenia,  84-6,  Bloomingburgh,  86- 
1902. 
Stimpson,  Edward  P.     R.C.  1834,  N.B.S.  1834;  Greenbush,   1834-52,  Cas- 

tleton,  1853-61,  suspended.    1869,  deposed. 
Stimpson,  Henry  B.,  b.  1772,  in  Framingham.  Mass. ;  studied  at  Claverack 
and  Kinderhook;  studied  Theology  with  Rev.  Mr.  Fuller,  of  Renssel- 
aerville,   and   Rev.   Mr.   Townsend   of  Durham;    lie.    1802;    (Presby., 
Windham,   1802-1825,)    Agent  for  the  Bible   Society,  25-9,  Windham, 
(Prattsville,)  29-33,  w.  c.    Died  Ap.  28,  185 1. 
His   father  removed  from  Massachusetts  to   Greene   Co.,    N.Y.,   at   the 
close  of  the  Revolution.     He  endured  all  the  hardships  and  privations  in- 
cident to  a  new  country.    He  attended  school  only  four  months  until  more 
than  21  years  of  age,  yet  he  subsequently  acquired  a  good  general  knowl- 
edge.   His  pastoral  field  at  Windham  extended  over  20  miles,  but  he  was 


"54 


THE    MINIS!  K1 


used  to  hardships,  and  often  preached  nine  times  a  week.  In  the  Presby- 
terian Church  at  Windham  there  were  three  extensive  revivals  during  his 

ministry.  He  received  into  this  church  more  than  500  souls.  But  with  the 
introduction  of  the  "new  measures"  divisions  came,  and  he  finally  separated 
from  his  people.  He  was  a  theologian  of  the  old  school.  He  was.  however, 
subsequently  recalled  to  the  same  field  by  the  Dutch  Church  He  was  a 
man  of  strong  physical  energy,  and  of  uncommon  powers  of  mind. 

Stinson,  William  Charles,  b.  in  N.Y.C.  Ap.  i860:  Bucknell  Qniv.  86, 
P.S.  89.  ord.  Presb.  Monmouth:  (Navwatosa,  Wis.,  91-3,  Providence, 
R.I..  93-5,  both  Congregational;  Presbyt.  Chillicothe,  O.,  1895-1900.) 
Bloomingdale,  X.Y.C..  1900 

Stitt,  Chs.  H..  b.  1819;  R.C.  44,  N.B.S.  48.  1.  CI.  X.V. :  Xcu  Paltz,  48-65, 
Kingston,  2d,  65-74.  Bayonne.  74-81.  d.  Ap.  20.  D.U.  by  R.C.  1866.  See 
"Ch.  Int.,*'  Ap.  28,  1881,  for  sketch. 

Publications:  "Gospel  Law  of  Moderation  in  Regard  to  Intoxicating 
Drinks."  1861.— Dedicatory  Address  at  New  Paltz  Cemetery.  1861. — 
"Hist  of  the  Church  and  Settlement  at  New  Paltz."  1862.— "Fun.  Ser.  of 
Captain  Johannes  Lefevre,"  who  fell  in  the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek,  Va. 
Oct.  19,  1864.  Pub.  1865.— Mem.  Disc,  on  "Death  of  T.  Lawrence  Has- 
brouck."  1866. — Sermon  before  Gen.  Synod.  "Ch.  Int.."  June  9,  1870. — 
"Hist.  Sketch  of  Second  Ref.  Ch.  of  Kingston."  "Kingston  Argus."  Jan. 
11.  1871. — "Progressive  Theology";  a  Charge  delivered  at  Inaug.  of  Dr. 
A.  B.  Van  Zandt  as  Prof,  of  Theology.  1872.— "Why  Am  I  Not  Saved?" 
Tract  49,  R.C. A.— "The  Lost  Found."  Tract  638.  Am.  Tract  Soc— "Our 
New  City:  its  Prospect  and  Peril."    In  "Rondout  Freeman."  June  1.  1872. 

Stitt.  Wm.  Christie,  b.  in  Philadelphia,  Pa..  Ap.  23,  1S33 :  C.N.J.  56.  P.S. 

60,   lie.   Presb.    Philadelphia;    (S.S.   Georgetown,  D.C..  60-2:   ord.  63; 

Hagerstown,   Md..  62-8.  Johnsonburgh.  N.J.,  68-72);  Piermont,  N.  Y., 

1872-87,    (Hazleton,   Pa.,  87-8),  Sec.  Am.   Seamen's  Friends'   Society, 

1888 

Stobbelaar.   II..    Uto,   [858-60,  Zeeland,  60-64.  Holland.  Wis.,  64-73.  Pella, 

4th.  73-9. 
Stockwell,  Austin  P.,  b.  at  Hadley,  Mass.,   [837;  A.C.  62,  U.S.  63.  He.  3d 

Presb.   N.Y.C.   Ap.  3.  63;   ord.   by    same,    May   14:    (Pleasant   Plains. 

N.Y.,   68-9,    Presbyt..)    Assoc.    Pastor,    Millbrook,   July.   69-71.    Dec; 

Gravesend,  Jan.  1,  72-87,  Sup.  Howard  Mission  of  Children's  Aid  Soc. 

N.Y.C.  87-99.    Also  supplying  Centennial  Chapel,  Brooklyn.   1st.  90-3. 

and  Greenwood  Hights  Chapel,  94-9-  Died  Nov.  21,  1900. 
He  was  a  man  of  gentleness  and  patient  courtesy,  tenderly  affectionate 
and  sympathetic.  His  life  was  filled  with  kindly  and  Christ-like  deeds. 
He  was  painstaking  in  the  discharge  of  all  his  duties,  whether  in  the  pas- 
torate, or  in  the  wide  and  character-moulding  work-  that  was  his  for  so 
many  years  among  the  friendless  little  ones  of  God'.-  poor.  "Mints.  Gen. 
Syn.,"  1901,  U43. 

Stokhner,  Frederick.  Jamaica  (Ger.),  1900 

Stoll,  A.,  (from   Kef.  Ger.  Ch.,   [874)  ;    Philadelphia.  5th.  18740 


THE    MINISTRY.  755 

Stone,   George   Edwin,   b.   in   Mexico,   Oswego   Co.,   N.Y.,    Sept.   2,    1873 ; 

Ham.  Coll.  95,  Aub.  Sem.  98,  1.  Presbyt.  of ;  orcl.  by  Presbyt.  of 

Syracuse,  Ap.  11,  98;  sailed  for  Arabia,  Aug.  17,  98;  at  Bahrein,  Oct. 
9,  98- Feb.  14,  99;  Muscat,  Feb.  99-June  26,  99,  d. 
He  came  of  a  godly  line  of  ancestors,  and  united  with  the  church  at 
eleven  years  of  age.  He  was  steadfast  in  his  consecration  to  the  Master. 
His  winning,  tactful  manner  made  him  a  power  for  good,  in  church  and 
college  and  seminary.  But  his  service  on  the  field  was  less  than  eight 
months  when  he  was  cut  down.  From  the  moment  he  had  recognized  his 
call  to  Arabia,  he  was  ambitious  to  enter  on  his  work.  It  is  not  for  us  to 
know  why  he  was  cut  down  so  soon. — See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1900,  203; 
"Sketch  of  Arabian  Miss."  1901,  pp.  28-30. 

Stouppe,  Pierre,  New  Rochelle,  (French  Refd.)  1723-60,  d.  July.  See  his 
description  of  New  Rochelle,  in  Waldron,  34.  He  left  eighty  communi- 
cants at  his  death,  having  conformed  to  the  Church  of  England.  See 
Baird's  "Huguenots";  collections  of  Huguenot  Society;  and  page  54 
of  this  work. 
Stout,  Henry.     R.C.   1865,  N.B.S.  68,  lie.  CI.  Raritan ;  voyage  to  Japan, 

Jan.  9-March,  69 ;  Nagasaki,  Japan,  1869 

Publications  :  "A  Brief  Statement  of  Christian  Doctrine" ;  a  transla- 
tion into  Japanese,  and  adaptation  of  Rev.  Dr.  S.  M.  Woodbridge's  Lectures 
on  Sacred  History,  1  vol.;  and  of  his  Lectures  on  Church  History;  2  vols. 

Stout,   James    Coffin,   b R.C.    1891,    P.S.    97;    Brighton    Hights, 

1898 

Stout,   Nelson,   b.   at  Harlingen,   N.  J.,    1807?;   R.   C.   1851,  N.B.S.     Died 

1854.    He  did  not  begin   his  studies  until   nearly  thirty  years  of  age. 

He  had  been  a  sea-captain.   He  was  a  very  conscientious  Christian,  and 

had   consecrated   himself   to  the   foreign   held,   but   died   while   in   the 

Seminary. 
Strabbing,  Alfred  H.,  b.  Graefschap,  Mich.,  Sept.  20,  1856;  H.C.  80,  W.S. 

89,  I.   CI.   Holland;    Hamilton  and   E.    Saugatuck,   89-93,   Kalamazoo, 

3d,  93-7.  Marion,  N.Y.  97-9,  New  Holland,  Mich.  1899 

Straks,  Henry,  b.  Alto,  Wis.,  Feb.   13,   1853;   Normal  School,  Oshkosh, 

Wis.  75,  W.S.  91,  1.  CI.  Wis. ;  Cleveland,  O.  91-4,  Maurice,  la.  94-8, 

Ed.  Agent  and  Teacher.  Northwestern  Academy,  Orange  City,  la.  98- 

1901,  Harrison,  Dak.  1901 

Street,  William  Dana,  b.  Lynn,  Mass.,  Jan.  9,  1874 :  Columbia  Univ.  95, 

U.S.  98,  1.  CI.  N.Y. ;  Assist,  in  Madison  Av.  N.Y.C.  98-1901,   (Cong. 

Ch..  White  Plains,  N.Y.  1901 ) 

Streng,  Samuel,  b.  at  Pella,  la.  1851  ;   H.C.  71,  N.B.S.  77,  lie.  CI.  111. ;    Clarks- 

town,   N.Y.    77-82,    Churchville.    Pa.,   82-90,   Kalamazoo,    Mich.,   90-92, 

Classical   Missionary,   92-94,   Fairview,   111..   94-97,   w.   c,  died   Oct.   3, 

1900. 

His  parents  were  among  the  first  Holland  settlers  of  Pella,  la.,  and 
were  earnest  Christians.  He  was  a  man  of  brilliant  intellectual  power,  but 
extremely  modest  in  the  estimate  of  himself.  He  was  an  untiring  worker, 
spending  himself  in  the  service  of  his  Master.    His  life  was  almost  a  con- 


756  THE    MINISTRY. 

tinnous  struggle  with  ill  health,  yet  he  was  remarkably  successful  in  his 
several  fields  of  labor,  and  universally  beloved  by  his  people.  He  preached 
fearlessly,  yet  kindly,  the  truths  of  God,  and  many  were  born  again,  and 
others  stimulated  to  a  nobler  life.  His  fidelity  secured  him  many  calls. 
During  his  last  years  he  suffered  severely,  but  his  faith  never  wavered  nor 
did  he  ever  complain.    See  also  "Mints.  Gen  Syn.,''  1901,  1244. 

Publications:  Article  in  "Doylestown  (Pa.)  Democrat/'  May  29,  1883, 
on  "Paulus  Van  Vlecq."  Also  sketches  of  the  North  and  South  Hampton 
Church. 

Strohauer,  Paul  John,  b.  Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  May  15.  1871 ;  U.C.  97, 
N.B.S.  1900,  1.  CI.  Schenectady;  Princetown.  N.  Y.  1900-1902;  Spots- 
wood,   1902 

Strong,  Joseph  Pascal  (s.  of  T.  M.  Strong)  ;  b.  1825,  at  Flatbvsh,  L.  I. 
R.C.  45,  N.B.S.  50.  1.  S.  CI.  1*1.,  East  New  York.  50-4,  Jersey  City, 
3d.  54-6,  Aquackanonck,  56-69,  Passaic,  2d,  69-72,  Belleville,  72-80, 
Cohoes,  80-90,  East  Millstone,  Aug.-Dec.  8,  1890,  died. 
In  each  of  these  fields  he  proved  himself  a  laborer  that  needed  not  to 
be  ashamed  of  his  work.  By  his  earnest  preaching  and  by  his  kind  words 
and  gentle  ways,  he  endeared  himself  to  the  hearts  of  his  people.  He  was 
a  warm-hearted  and  sympathetic  man  and  an  excellent  preacher.  His  min- 
istry was  always  attended  with  great  success.  He  was  a  man  of  remark- 
able powers  of  description.  His  sermons  were  always  interesting  and  in- 
structive. He  preached  with  great  energy  and  power.  The  people  of  East 
Millstone  called  him  with  a  wonderful  unanimity  and  were  delighted  with 
his  ministrations.  A  career  of  unusual  prosperity  seemed  to  be  opened 
before  that  church  when  he  was  suddenly  stricken  with  apoplexy.  He  had 
just  made  a  gesture,  and  referring  to  the  suddenness  of  the  fall  of  the  sin- 
ner, when  the  sudden  stroke  came  and  he  pitched  headlong  from  the  pulpit 
to  the  floor  of  the  church  at  the  feet  of  the  Consistory.  He  was  at  once 
laid  upon  the  elders'  seat  and  he  exclaimed,  "I  have  had  a  stroke,"  and 
never  spoke  again.  He  died  at  about  3  o'clock  A  M..  leaving  behind  him  a 
reputation  of  great  usefulness  in  the  Master's  vineyard.  "Mints.  Gen. 
Syn.,"  1891,  416.— "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C."  1891,  25. 

Publication:    Fun.  Address  of  Mrs.  Dr.  Hay. 
Strong,  Mason.  R.  (s.  of  T.  M.  Strong)  ;  N.Y.U.  1855.  N.B.S.,  died  1861. 
Strong,  Pascal  N.  (brother  of  T.  M.  Strong),  b.  in  Brookhaven,  L.I.,  1793; 

C.C.   1810.   studied  under   Mason.   1.    Presbyt.    N.Y.    1815:   New   York, 

1816-26,  d. 

He  received  calls  to  Harrisburgh  and  New  York  at  the  same  time,  but 
chose  the  latter.  He  and  Dr.  Knox  started  in  life  together  as  fellow-stu- 
dents under  the  same  instructor,  and  as  colleagues  in  the  same  church, 
though  the  ministry  of  the  former  was  comparatively  brief.  About  a  year 
before  he  died,  he  was  attacked  by  disease  of  a  pulmonary  character,  pro- 
ceeding from  a  severe  cold.  He  went  to  St.  Croix  to  spend  the  winter,  but 
while  there  died.  In  a  diary  commenced  in  1808,  three  years  before  he 
united  with  the  church,  he  says:    "I  will  regard  the  enjoyment  of  God  as 


THE   MINISTRY.  757 

the  supreme  end  of  all  my  plans.  I  will  consider  love  to  God  and  zeal  for 
His  glory  as  my  highest  duty,  and  study  to  improve  daily  in  these  divine 
affections.  I  will  for  the  future,  unless  unavoidably  hindered,  regularly 
devote  one  half-hour  in  the  morning,  and  a  like  period  in  the  evening,  to 
religious  concerns." 

His  disposition  was  amiable,  his  manners  were  courteous,  his  spirit  was 
resolute  and  generous  almost  to  a  fault,  his  mind  was  gifted  in  more  than 
an  ordinary  degree,  and  his  opportunities  of  improvement  had  not  been 
neglected.  With  a  memory  peculiarly  tenacious,  and  the  power  of  an  ac- 
curate and  precise  discrimination  for  one  of  his  years,  his  attainments  in 
classical  and  critical  learning  may,  without  any  exaggeration,  be  regarded 
as  eminent.  Critical  research  was  with  him  a  favorite  employment.  He 
wrote  with  elegance  and  force.  His  discourses  were  clear,  accurate,  and 
tasteful.  His  style  was  copious  and  adorned.  His  voice  was  melodious ; 
his  enunciation,  easy  and  natural ;  his  preaching,  evangelical  and  faithful. 
— "Gunn's  Livingston,"  ed.  1856,  p.  399.  "Sprague's  Annals."  "Collegiate 
Ch.  Year  Book,"  1895,  127. 

Publications  :     "The  Pestilence — Yellow  Fever."    1822.    2d  ed.  1823. 

Strong,  Robert  Grier  (s.  of  Thos.  M.  Strong),  b.  at  Flatbush,  L.I.,  1837, 
N.Y.U.  55,  N.B.S.  58, 1.  S.  CI.  L.I. ;  assistant  at  Flatbush,  1858-60,  Dec. ; 
New  Baltimore,  61-70,  Flatbush,  Miss.  Chapel,  71-73 ;  teaching  a  select 
school  at  Flatbush,  73-92,  died.    "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1892,  656. 
Strong,  Selah  Woodhull   (s.  of  Thos.   M.   Strong),  b.   at   Flatbush,   L.I., 
1844;  N.Y.U.  62,  N.B.S.  65,  1.  CI.  N.Y. ;  Rochester,  65-70,  West  Troy, 
South,  70-84,  Nov.  6,  died. 
While  he  was  yet  a  student  in  the  Theological   Seminary  he  was  dis- 
tinguished among  his  fellow-students  for  his  familiarity  with  the  Word. 
It  was  often  said  among  them  that  he  was  "mighty  in  the  Scriptures." 
This   trait  became  increasingly  conspicuous  as   his   years   increased.     He 
became  very  fond  of  his  Greek  Testament,  and  was  methodical  in  the  study 
of  it.    Besides  reading  a  chapter  each  morning,  it  was  his  general  custom 
to  make  a  special  study  of  some  portion  in  regular  order,  and  to  investi- 
gate thoroughly  every  important  word,   tracing  its  roots  up,   if  possible, 
to  their  earliest  known  origin,  and  summing  up  all  the  important  results  of 
his  study  in  a  note-book  prepared  for  the  purpose.     In  this  way  he  had 
gathered  notes  on  a  large  number  of  the  important  words  of  Scripture. 
The  writer  accompanied  him  in  his  last  two  vacations,  spent  on  the  shores 
of  Lake  George — the  last  of  them  terminating  but  a  few  weeks  before  his 
fatal  illness  began.     On  these  occasions  the  most  delightful  hours  enjoyed 
were  those  of  the  quiet  Sabbath,  when,  seated  in  some  sequestered  nook,  we 
opened  our  Greek  Testaments,  and  pondered  lovingly  over  a  portion  of 
the  Word.    Then  the  stores  of  his   Scriptural  knowledge,  his  exegetical 
skill,  and  the  fruits  of  his  careful  and  definite  investigations  were  wonder- 
fully revealed.    As  a  result  of  his  method  of  study,  his  people  were  un- 
doubtedly trained,  in  an  unusual  degree,  to  a  profound  acquaintance  with 
the  Scriptures;  and  this  may  account,  in  part,  for  the  steady  and  persistent 
growth  of  his  church. 


758  THE    MINISTRY. 

As  a  speaker  he  always  impressed  his  audience  wilh  his  devout  earnest- 
ness and  strength  of  personal  conviction,  but  he  was  capable  of  rising  on 
occasion  to  an  exceedingly  intense  and  fervid  eloquence.  At  one  time  the 
writer  happened  to  be  present  at  a  floral  concert  of  his  Sabbath-scho,.]. 
A  large  wooden  cross  was  erected,  and  the  children  one  after  another 
came  forward  and  decorated  it  with  beautiful  bouquets  of  flowers,  till 
every  part  was  completely  covered,  and  it  stood  forth  an  object  of  gor- 
geous beauty.  Our  brother  then  arose,  and  warming  at  once  to  the  height 
of  the  occasion,  poured  forth  the  most  glowing  tribute  to  the  crucified 
Saviour  we  ever  listened  to,  closing  with  an  appeal  to  love  the  cross,  not 
because  it  had  become  a  symbol  of  beauty,  not  because  the  world  was  now 
wont  to  hang  garlands  upon  it,  but  because  of  the  Saviour  who  had  been 
lifted  up  thereon,  and  because  of  the  precious  blood  with  which  He  had 
consecrated  it.  The  appeal  swept  over  the  great  congregation  and  stirred 
every  heart  like  an  inspiration  from  Heaven;  and  such  we  can  readily  be 
Iieve  it  was. 

In'his  work  of  visitation,  his  systematic  habits  wrought  splendid  results. 
He  may  almost  be  said  to  have  done  this  work  on  schedule  time,  yet  there 
was  nothing  of  formality  or  constraint.  Each  quarter  of  the  year  had  its 
specific  work  which  had  to  be  completed  in  its  order,  and  if  interruptions 
threw  him  behind,  the  first  opportunity  was  seized  to  make  up  the  de- 
ficiency. It  is  no  wonder  that  with  such  persistent  and  impartial  labor, 
the  rich  and  poor  flocked  together  to  his  church.  The  fact  that  they  wor- 
shipped in  one  of  the  most  elegant  and  costly  edifices,  such  as  are  some- 
times thought  to  be  a  stumbling-block  to  the  poor,  appeared  to  deter  no 
one  from  worshipping  there. — W.  H.  Vroom. 

Strong,  Thomas  C.  (son  of  Thomas  M.  Strong  and  Ellen  Campbell,  sis- 
ter of  William  H.  Campbell,  late  President  of  Rutgers  College),  came 
of  a  family  of  ministers.  B.  at  Flatbush,  L.  I.,  May  23.  1S24.  U.C. 
1841,  N.B.S.  1845,  1.  S.  CI.  L.I.  1845.  D.D.  from  Rutgers  College,  of 
which  he  was  a  trustee  from  1858  to  1874.  Pastorates  and  Charges: 
Bloomingdale  and  Rosendale  1845-49,  Newtown  1849-59,  Greenwich. 
N.Y.C.  1859-66,  Ithaca  1866-71. 

At  this  point  he  transferred  his  relations  to  the  Presbyterian,  and  never 
resumed  official  connection  with  the  Reformed  Church.  Pastor  at  Aurora, 
Cayuga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  and  President  of  Wells  College  1871-75.  In  1875  be- 
came President  of  Pennsylvania  Female  College  at  Pittsburg,  and  in  1878 
opened  a  private  school  for  girls  in  Allegheny,  at  the  same  time  taking 
charge  of  the  Pittsburg  Central'  Presbyterian  Church.  Later  he  supplied, 
for  a  time,  the  pulpit  of  the  Reformed  Church  of  Geneva,  X.  Y.  Several 
years  before  his  death  he  was  the  subject  of  a  very  severe  sunstroke,  from 
the  effects  of  which  he  never  fully  recovered,  and  which  was  the  occa- 
sion to  him  of  much  loss  of  mental  power  as  well  a-  physical  debilitation. 
In  addition  to  all  his  other  life  work,  Dr.  Strong  was  Corresponding  Sec- 
retary of  the  Reformed  Church  Board  of  Publication  from  1859  to  1868, 
and  a  member  of  its  Committee  on   Publication    from    1868  to    1871.     In 


THE    MINISTRY.  759 

these  relations  he  was  very  active  and  efficient,  and  his  labors  were  of  great 
advantage  to  the  Board.     He  died  Sept.  13,  1890. 

His  first  wife  was  Mary  Watson  Mann,  of  Philadelphia,  whom  he  mar- 
ried Nov.  4,  1845.  She  left  a  son  and  a  daughter.  Married  again  Sept.  iy 
1869,  Mary  A.  Sibley  (nee  Finch).  She  also  passed  away,  leaving  a  son. 
The  older  son  is  Thomas  Morris  Strong,  M.D.,  a  graduate  of  the  Rutgers- 
class  of  1868.  and  a  practising  physician,  resident  at  176  Huntington  Ave- 
nue. Boston,  Mass. 

Dr.  Strong,  as  a  preacher,  during  his  years  of  vigor,  was  very  bright  and 
magnetic.  He  was  always  in  demand  on  public  occasions  for  addresses  and 
prayers.  He  was  a  fluent  and  interesting  impromptu  speaker.  His  ser- 
mons were  always  written  out,  but  he  was  never  hampered  by  his  manu- 
script. His  manner  in  the  pulpit  was  energetic,  his  gestures  were  abundant, 
and  his  intonation  was  especially  clear.  He  was  President  of  the  famous 
General  Synod  of  1867  at  Geneva  and  Albany,  noted  for  the  great  discus- 
sion of  the  change  of  our  church  name,  and  for  fixing  upon  our  denomi- 
nation at  last  the  title  of  "The  Reformed  Church  in  America."  His  presi- 
dency is  remembered  as  wonderfully  genial,  under  and  throughout  the  ex- 
citement of  one  of  the  most  vigorous  debates  ever  known  in  the  history  of 
our  church. 

Publications:      Ser.  at  Funeral  of  Dr.  C.  W.  Stothoff.     1855. 

Strong,  Thos.  M.  (brother  of  P.  N.  Strong),  b.  at  Coopertown,  N.Y.,  Aug. 
28,  1797;  C.C.  1816,  studied  under  Mason  and  at  P.S.  19,  1.  Presbyt. ; 
(Norfolk,  Va.,  19-21,  Assoc.  Ref.,  Chambersburgh,  and  Shippens- 
burgh,  Pa.,  21-2),  Flatbush,  22-61,  d.  June  14.    D.D.  by  U.N.Y. 

He  was  possessed  of  the  most  thorough  and  indefatigable  business  habits, 
and  was  so  completely  at  home  in  ecclesiastical  affairs  that  his  very  word 
was  law,  from  which  no  appeal  could  be  taken.  He  was  a  man  of  remark- 
able clearness  of  thought  and  of  simplicity  of  expression,  of  intense,  yet 
well-balanced,  mental  energy  and  activity,  of  large  attainments,  though 
never  ostentatiously  paraded;  combining,  in  a  rare  symmetry  and  exquis- 
ite proportion,  affability  with  dignity,  and  gentleness  with  firmness,  and 
withal  a  man  of  such  pure  innate  modesty,  and  genuine  Christian  humility, 
that  nothing  but  his  actual  removal  from  the  Church  would  give  her  an 
accurate  estimate  of  his  real  value.  He  possessed  one  trait  of  character  of 
especial  loveliness  and  power.  He  was  eminently  a  Christian  gentleman. 
That  fruit  of  the  Spirit  which  the  apostle  calls  "gentleness"  was  exhibited 
by  him  in  a  remarkable  degree.  He  had  the  most  sincere  regard  for  the 
feelings  of  others,  and  never  willingly,  by  word  or  act,  inflicted  a  wound 
upon  them.  He  was  always  mindful  of  the  injunction,  "Be  courteous," 
and  in  this  particular  was  a  bright  and  lovely  exemplification  of  the  spirit 
.of  the  Master. 

In  the  poise  of  his  moral  qualities,  in  the  rounded  completeness  of  his 
associated  gifts  and  virtues,  in  the  interblending  of  his  personal,  social, 
and  public  excellence  (so  that  the  one  man  was  under  well-nigh  all  cir- 
cumstances the  same),  there  has  rarely  appeared  among  us  a  more  sym- 


760  THE    MINISTRY. 

metrical  and  perfect  character  than  that  which  Divine  grace  developed 
and  fashioned  into  the  legible  life  of  Dr.  Strong.  Resolute,  without  arro- 
gance; modest,  without  timidity;  positive  in  his  convictions,  without  pride 
of  will;  persevering,  without  pretension;  diligent,  without  ostentation  of 
intentions;  firm,  without  obstinacy;  tenacious  of  his  moral  and  personal 
preferences,  without  bigotry  or  hypocrisy;  quick  in  his  estimate  of  duty, 
without  wayward  impulses;  devoted  to  duty,  without  thirst  for  personal 
exaltation;  methodical,  without  mechanical  servility  to  circumstances; 
learned,  without  pedantry;  and  godly,  without  affectation  of  sanctity- 
he  seemed,  indeed,  to  illustrate  how  natural  qualities  may  be  toned  and 
softened  into  well-nigh  untarnished  beauty  by  the  power  of  Christ  working 
upon  them  all. 

He  was  faithful  in  his  preparations  for  duty.  Knowing  that  only  beaten 
oil  should  be  brought  into  the  sanctuary,  he,  with  resolute  purpose  and 
fixed  system,  entered  upon  the  performance  of  his  public  duties.  He  left 
a  Bible  which  was  a  complete  index  to  a  vast  range  of  investigation  over 
which  he  had  traveled.  He  was  faithful  in  his  ministrations  in  the  sanc- 
tuary. His  style  was  sedate,  solid,  instructive.  He  sought  no  sensational 
effects,  but  he  discriminated  and  individualized  the  truth  so  as  to  reach 
the  conscience  and  win  the  heart.  He  preached  memoriter.  He  was  also 
a  faithful  pastor,  though  much  of  his  time  was  consumed  in  the  public 
duties  of  the  Church.  He  gave  his  best  energies  to  the  Church  and  denomi- 
nation in  which  he  ministered.  He  was  Stated  Clerk  of  the  General  Synod 
for  thirty-four  years. 

Publications:  "Hist,  of  Flatbush,  L.  I."  1842.— Arts,  in  "Sprague's 
Annals."  on  Drs.  S.  S.  Woodhull  and  P.  N.  Strong. 

Strong,  William  Van  Deurzen,  b.  Accord,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.  Ap.  28.  1868 ; 
R.C.  91,  N.B.S.  94,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Glenham,  N.Y.  1894 

Stryker,  Herman  B.  (s.  of  Peter  Stryker),  b.  at  Port  Richmond,  S.I., 
Ap.  2,  1794;  N.B.S.  1822,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Miss,  to  Athol,  Caldwell,  Johns- 
burgh  and  Warrensburgh,  (Warren  Co.,  N.Y.),  22-3,  Fairfield,  and 
Miss,  at  Little  Falls,  N.J.,  23-6,  Agent  of  Miss.  Soc.  26-7,  Union  Ch. 
in  Amsterdam,  27-33,  also  Miss,  at  Johnstown  in  30,  St.  Johnsville, 
33-4,  Glenville,  2d,  34-7,  w.  c.  37-61,  Huguenots,  S.I.,  61-71,  d.  Dec.  11. 

He  was  a  pioneer  in  the  temperance  cause,  early  identifying  himself  with 
the  total  abstinence  movement,  and  by  his  example  and  influence  teaching 
this  principle  to  his  children  and  others. 

He  was  gentle,  affectionate,  lovely  and  generous  in  his  disposition,  con- 
stant, faithful,  and  earnest  in  his  work,  attending  to  all  his  duties  with 
fidelity.  He  was  a  good  theologian,  a  diligent  student  of  history,  and  a 
careful  investigator  of  divine  truth.  He  studied  the  Bible  carefully  and 
with  prayer.    He  was  especially  fond  of  the  prophesies. 

In  his  preaching  he  was  terse,  comprehensive,  pointed,  tender.  His  ob- 
ject was  to  comfort,  edify,  convince,  and  convert.  In  this  he  was  success- 
ful. In  his  early  charges  he  had  powerful  revivals  of  religion.  In  one  of 
them  he  preached  nine  successive  weeks,  every  evening  in  the  week,  and 


THE    MINISTRY. 


76l 


three  times  on  each  Sabbath,  and  large  numbers  were  brought  by  him  in 
the  fold  of  Christ. 

Publications:  "Address  before  CI.  Bergen."  1828.  "Mag.  R.D.C.," 
iii.  132.— "Charge  to  Rev.  Jas.  Stevenson."    1829.    "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  iv.  235. 

Stryker,  Isaac  P.,  born  at  Harlingen,  Nov.  27,  181 1;  R.C.  37,  N.B.S.  40,  1. 
CI ;  voyage  to  Borneo,  Nov.  40-March,  41,  Borneo,  1841-2,  d. 

Joining  the  class  of  '37,  when  Milledoler,  and  Cannon,  and  Janeway, 
and  Strong,  and  Ogilby,  and  Beck  were  our  professors,  I  found  for  my 
alphabetical  neighbor  that  true  man  of  God,  Isaac  P.  Stryker.  It  was  the 
fall  of  1834,  entering  upon  sophomore  stage,  and  nearly  all  the  members 
were  his  juniors  by  several  years.  He  had  come  from  a  line  of  handicraft, 
to  engage  with  all  his  heart  in  study  for  the  ministry,  and  this  one  thing 
he  did.  His  face  and  demeanor,  always  and  everywhere,  bespoke  a  govern- 
ing conscientiousness  that  secured  the  respect  of  the  wayward,  the  unfalter- 
ing confidence  and  honor  of  all  who  observed  him.  At  lecture  or  prayer, 
or  the  duties  of  the  Sabbath,  his  steadfast  punctuality  was  sheer  perfection. 

Though  his  features  were  severely  cast  in  dark  complexion,  arid  the 
eyes  lay  far  beneath  a  shaggy  brow,  his  whole  expression  was  made  gentle 
by  the  soul  of  love  to  God  and  man  that  shone  through  deed  and  speech. 
Feeling  assured,  after  years  of  study  of  his  life,  that  such  equanimity  under 
college  tests  was  a  marvel  of  divine  grace,  I  asked  him  if  in  his  childhood 
he  had  not  been  particularly  irascible  and  violent.  The  question  surprised 
him,  but,  knowing  well  the  inquirer's  love,  he  tearfully  owned  the  con- 
jecture to  be  right. 

After  the  interval  of  thirty-four  years,  this  godly  and  diligent  man's  pic- 
ture is  vividly  before  me  as  a  joy  and  a  profit  to  remember.  He  was  an  ex- 
emplary Christian  among  heedless  lads,  and  the  largest  concession  but  one 
that  he  ever  made  to  the  infirmity  of  peccant  boyhood  was  to  witness  some 
of  the  milder  doings  with  hand-covered  mouth  and  twinkling  eye. 

"For  when  he  gazed  upon  the  festive  train, 
It  was  but  as  some  melancholy  star 
Beholds  the  dance  of  shepherds  on  the  plain, 
In  its  bright  stillness  present,  though  afar." 

That  one  other  momentary  and  unparalleled  yielding  lodged  him  the 
deeper  in  every  heart,  and  its  occurrence  was  thus :  Morning  duties  were 
over,  and  the  class  was  sauntering  homeward  down  the  campus  on  an 
exhilarating  time  in  early  May,  when  it  occurred  to  a  merry  son  of  a 
clergyman  to  spring  upon  the  back  of  dear  old  Isaac  for  a  ride !  Who,  of 
all  pVesent,  was  most  astounded,  it  were  difficult  to  say — the  whole  thing 
was  electric — but  another  moment  showed  that  the  gravest  blood  had  felt 
the  genial  fires  of  spring.  If  we  could  trust  our  own  eyes,  the  young  rider 
had  been  cunningly  dismounted,  and  was  swiftly  pursuing  a  figure  no  one 
would  have  dared  affirm  to,  until  the  drollery  culminated  in  the  merry 
madcap's  halting,  with  an  index-finger  shout,  "The  wicked  flee,  when  no 
man  pursueth." 


762  THE    MINISTRY. 

Had  you  space,  I  would  gladly  say  more  of  this  confessedly  exceptional 
man.  There  was  no  indolence  in  Stryker.  When  not  using  his  waking 
hours  in  study  or  Bible-reading,  or  prayer,  or  sacred  music,  of  which  he 
was  practically  fond  at  home,  he  was  at  exercise  or  good  works.  All  that  a 
diligent  employment  of  the  powers  God  had  bestowed  would  effect,  Stryker 
meant  to  do  and  be ;  and,  wherever  a  prayerful  life  of  labor  could  be  fruit- 
ful of  good  to  others,  he  was  sure  of  usefulness. 

When  I  last  saw  him  in  life,  he  was  moving  seaward  from  a  Boston 
wharf,  on  his  errand  of  good  news  to  the  pagan,  signaling  back  his  love  so 
long  as  a  kerchief  could  be  seen.  It  has  been  my  privilege,  since,  to  care 
lovingly  for  his  Indian  grave,  with  many  a  tender  memory  of  one  of  the 
most  guileless  of  men. 

His  death  was  a  sad  surprise.  At  the  end  of  his  year  in  Java  he  was  in 
health,  and  rejoicing  in  the  proffer  of  a  free  passage  to  Singapore  under 
the  American  flag  of  a  merchantman.  Embarking  in  good  spirits,  he  looked 
reasonably  forwad  to  engagement  in  the  field  of  allotment,  but  an  attack 
of  fever  during  the  short  passage  was  so  swiftly  fatal  that,  on  the  vessel's 
arrival,  his  former  friend  at  New  Brunswick,  B.  P.  Keasberry,  found  the 
signet  of  death  on  that  pure  man's  brow. 

Stryker  lies  in  a  pleasant  morning-side  cemetery  at  Singapore,  "with  his 
feet  to  the  foe,"  and  the  resting-place  marked  by  the  beautiful  obelisk-gift 
of  a  few  of  "the  Class  of  '37." 

The  church  of  Harlingen  may  well  enshrine  his  name  in  honor,  with  that 
of  his  much-loved  Father  Labagh.— Rev.  Dr.  Wm.  H    Steele. 

Stryker,  Peter,  b.  Dec.  23,  1763,  in  N.Y.C.,  studied  under  Livingston,  lie. 
by  the  Synod  of  R.D.  Chs.   1788,  N.  and  S.  Hampton.   Sept.   15,  1788- 
Aug.  19,  1790.  Staten  Island,  1790-4,  Belleville,  170-I-1800.  also  S.S.  at 
Stone   House   Plains,    1801-9,    (Amboy,    Presbyt.,)    1809-10.    Belleville 
and  Stone  House  Plains,  1810-14.  S.S.  at  Stone  House  Plains,  18-26, 
Miss,  to  Berne,  27-9,  d.  1847-    A.M.  by  C.C.  1804. 
For   many  years   he   was  the  oldest    minister   in    the    Reformed    Dutch 
Church  in  America.    His  ancestors  were  of  Holland  extraction,  and  it  was 
his  delight  to  talk  and  preach  in  the  Dutch  language.    This  he  did,  not  only 
with  fluency,  but  also  with  great  purity  for  one  bom  in  this  country.     He 
always   spelled   his  name  Strijker,   and    frequently   called   attention   to  the 
fact  that  this  was  a  common  Dutch  word  signifying  a  stroker,  applied  orig- 
inally, no  doubt,  to  one  dexterous  in  striking  <>ff  measures  of  grain. 

His  parents  were  pious  people,  and.  influenced  by  their  example,  prayers, 
and  precepts,  he  early  became  a  disciple  of  Christ. 

During  the  American  Revolution,  when  he  was  a  lad.  his  family  left  the 
city  of  New  York,  and  sojourned  for  a  few  years  at  Millstone,  N.  J.  Hav- 
ing been  well  instructed,  as  there  was  a  scarcity  of  teachers,  he  was  in- 
duced, at  the  early  age  of  seventeen,  to  take  charge  of  the  common  school 
in  that  district.  His  letters,  written  at  tlii^  period,  and  addressed  to  Ins 
rL.]at  ,,11  of  pious  expressions,  evincing  great  love  for  God,  and  a 

desire  for  the  salvation  of  souls.    Subsequently  he  completed  his  clerical 


THE   MINISTRY.  763 

studies  at  the  Hackensack  Academy,  under  the  supervision  of  that  emi- 
nent Christian  scholar,  Dr.  Peter  Wilson,  an  uncle  of  his  by  marriage. 

In  1812,  very  much  debilitated  by  bodily  infirmity,  he  was  compelled 
to  resign  the  pastoral  office.  He  did  not  again  resume  it.  But  having 
recovered  his  health  in  a  measure,  he  preached  as  stated  or  occasional 
supply  at  St.  Johnsville,  Stone  House  Plains,  Canastota,  and  in  other 
places,  with  great  acceptance.  He  was  not  idle,  even  when  the  sere  leaves 
were  falling.  He  loved  to  preach,  and  continued  to  do  so  down  to  a  good 
old  age. 

His  wife,  Elizabeth  Barculo,  was  a  beautiful  woman.  It  is  said,  in  early 
life,  she  had  three  suitors,  one  a  doctor,  one  a  lawyer,  the  third  a  minister. 
Her  father,  when  consulted  as  to  the  choice  she  should  make,  said,  "My 
daughter,  these  are  all  promising  young  men,  and  either  would  probably 
make  you  a  good  husband,  but  my  advice  is,  that  you  marry  the  minister." 
This  coincided  with  her  own  feelings,  and,  turning  from  wealth  and  posi- 
tion, she  cast  in  her  lot  with  the.  poor  clergyman,  and  a  most  suitable  com- 
panion did  she  prove  to  him. 

In  his  old  age,  his  hair,  white  as  snow,  hung  in  silken  locks  upon  his 
bending  shoulders.  His  eye  sparkled  with  life  even  to  the  last.  His  step 
was  elastic,  his  voice  musical.  The  very  touch  of  his  hand  was  inspiring. 
He  was  remarkably  social,  and,  with  his  inexhaustible  fund  of  anecdote, 
was  the  life  of  every  company  in  which  he  moved. 

His  usual  mode  of  preaching  was  from  a  full  analysis.  This  he  committed 
to  memory.  Before  speaking  he  spent  some  time  in  meditating  upon  his 
subject,  and  then  committing  himself  to  the  Lord  with  holy  confidence,  he 
carried  the  divine  message  to  the  people.  He  never  used  a  manuscript  in 
the  pulpit.  It  was  common  for  him,  in  his  old  age,  to  say,  "Ministers 
nowadays  read  very  well,  but  they  do  not  preach." 

He  was  a  powerful  preacher.  Few  men  could  excel  him  in  fine  thought 
and  eloquent  expression.  His  preaching  was  plain,  practical,  pungent.  He 
was  a  real  orator. 

He  was  also  a  good  man,  humbly  relying  upon  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ 
for  his  salvation.  In  his  old  age  he  once  said  to  a  near  relative,  "I  feel  I 
am  a  sinner,  but  one  saved  by  grace.  For  the  last  four  years  I  have  not 
been  troubled  with  a  doubt  of  my  acceptance  with  God  through  Christ, 
my  Saviour."  When  approaching  his  end,  he  exclaimed,  in  Christian 
triumph : 

"O  glorious  hour  !    O  blest  abode  ! 
I  shall  be  near  and  like  my  God, 
And  sin  and   sense  no  more  control 
The  inward  pleasures  of  the  soul." 

— Rev.  Dr.  Peter  Stryker. 

Stryker,  Peter  (s.  of  H.  B.  Stryker),  b.  Fairfield,  N.  J.  Ap.  8,  1826;  R.C. 
45,  N.B.S.  48,  1.  CI.  N.B.  Raritan,  3d,  48-51,  Rhinebeck,  51-56,  Broome 
St.— after  i860,  Thirty-fourth  St.,— N.Y.C.,  56-68,  (Philadelphia, 
Presbyt,  68-71,  Rome,  N.Y.,  71-76,  Saratoga,  76-82,  Andrew  Presbyt. 
Minneapolis,  82-89),   N.Y.C.    Thirty-fourth    St.   again,   89-96,   Asbury 


764  THE    MINISTRY. 

Park,  96-1900,  d.  Mar.  15.    D.D.  by  N.Y.U.  1866.    Pres.  of  Gen.  Synod, 

1895. 
He  came  of  a  ministerial  stock.  His  grandfather,  Peter  Stryker,  served 
in  the  ministry  for  sixty  years,  and  his  father,  Herman  B.  Stryker,  for 
nearly  fifty;  while  he  himself  was  in  the  ministry  fifty-two  years.  He 
received  into  the  membership  of  the  church  more  than  2,200  members,  an 
average  of  43  per  year.  He  was  peculiarly  blessed  in  health.  Never  a  robust 
man,  yet  during  all  his  ministry  he  was  kept  from  the  pulpit  by  illness  only 
four  Sabbaths.  He  was  genial  and  winning  in  his  personality,  faithful  and 
Scriptural  in  his  preaching,  a  pastor  with  unusual  tact,  ever  watching  for 
souls.  He  never  grew  old.  He  was  also  a  ready  and  acceptable  writer. 
Contributions  from  his  pen  enriched  the  columns  of  the  "Christian  Intelli- 
gencer" and  other  religious  periodicals  for  years.  His  verse  was  as  pleas- 
ing as  his  prose,  and  some  of  his  hymns  found  place  in  church  hymnaries. 
He  was  also  an  earnest  and  efficient  laborer  in  the  temperance  reform. 
He  was  thoroughly  evangelical,  firm  in  his. adherence  to  truth,  and  earnest 
in  proclaiming  it.  He  was  unexcelled  as  a  pastor.  The  poor  found  in  him 
a  sympathizing  and  helping  friend,  and  the  bereaved,  a  comforter.  He 
could  enter  into  their  deepest  feelings,  for  he  had  sorrows  which  tried  the 
faith  of  his  loving  heart;  yet  he  was  ever  submissive  to  Providence.  His 
was  a  large  heart  that  embraced  all  that  pertained  to  the  interests  of  the 
Master's  kingdom.  To  look  upon  his  genial  face,  and  meet  his  cordial 
greeting,  was  to  feel  that  he  was  a  man  in  whom  dwelt  the  spirit  of  God. 
See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1900,  205. — "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  of  R.C.," 
1900,  16. 

Publications:  Hist.  Disc,  at  the  last  service  in  the  Broome  St.  Ch., 
N.Y.C.  i860.  Sermon  on  Rev.  Dr.  S.  A.  Von  Vranken,  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  Jan. 
24,  1861.— "Christian  Life";  a  Disc,  commem.  of  the  late  Leonard  W.  Kip. 
1863. — "Little  Gems  in  the  Saviour's  Crown ;  or.  Facts  from  the  Death- 
bed Experiences  of  S.S.  Children." — "Hist,  of  the  Sunday-schools  of  the 
Thirty-fourth  St.  Church."— "Jubilee  Hymn  of  Thirty-fourth  St.  Church." 
— "Strange  Children":  a  Temperance  ser.  1873. — "The  City  wholly  given 
to  Idolatry:  the  modern  Athens  of  America."  In  "Pulpit  and  Rostrum." — 
"The  Lower  Depths  of  the  Am.  Metropolis."  In  "Pulpii  and  Rostrum."— 
Very  many  articles  in  the  several  papers ;  numerous  hymns  and  tracts. 

Stuart,  Wm,  b.  Aberdeen,  Scotland,  Oct.  18,  1837;  Free  Ch.  Coll.  Halifax, 
59,  Free  Ch.  Theolog.  Hall,  Halifax,  62,  1.  Halifax  Presbyt. ;  (assist. 
Christ  Ch.,  Bermuda,  63-4 ;  West  Cape,  Campbelton,  etc.  on  Prince 
Edward  Is.  65-9;  Free  Ch.  Fredericton,  New  Brunswick,  70-5;  Central 
Ch.  Hamilton,  Out.,  76;  Greenhill.  Pictou,  Nova  Scotia,  77-83,  Carle- 
ton  Ch.  St.  John,  N.  Scotia,  83-9)  :  Franklin,  N.  J.  1890 

Studdiford,  Peter,  b.  1763  in  N.Y.C.  C.C.  1786,  studied  under  Livingston, 
1.  by  the  Christian  Synod  of  R.D.  Churches,  1787;  Readington  and  Bed- 
minster,   1787-1800,  Readington,   1800-26,  d.  Nov.  30.     Also  appointed 
Prof,  of  Hebrew,  in  1S12.     Elected  a  trustee  of  Q.C.  1788. 
Possessing  large   views    of   divine   truth,   and   a   rich   store   of   various 

knowledge,  he  was  ready,  instructive,  and  forcible  in  his  preaching.     He 


THE   MINISTRY. 


765 


loved  his  work,  and  shrank  not  from  effort  in  its  performance.  He  was  a 
faithful  and  affectionate  pastor,  a  patriotic  citizen,  and  a  humble,  devout 
and  liberal-minded  Christian.  He  excelled  as  an  extemporaneous  preacher, 
transcending  himself,  when  suddenly  called  on  to  take  the  place  of  some 
absentee.  These  efforts  had  all  of  the  finish,  and  more  than  the  force,  of  an 
elaborate  preparation.— "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  i.  328.  Quoted  in  "N.B.Sem.  Cen- 
tennial," 459. 

Publications:  "Fun.  Ser.  of  Rev.  Dr.  Jac.  R.  Hardenburg."  1790  — 
Sermon  on  Rom.  5  :  1,  2;  "Justification  and  its  Fruits."  In  "N.  J.  Preacher," 
1813. 

[His  son,  Dr.  Peter  Ogilvie  Studdiford,  b.  Jan.  11,  1799!  R-  C.  1815,  teach- 
ing in  Bedminster  and  Somerville,  16-19,  PS.  21,  ord.  an  Evang.  by 
Presbyt.  N.B.  Nov.  28,  21,  was  settled  at  Solebury,  Pa.,  1822-5,  and  at 
Lambertville,  N.  J.,  1825-66,  d.  June  5-  D.D.  by  C.N.J.  1844.— See 
"Memorial."] 
Studdiford,  Peter  Augustus  (s.  of  P.  0.  Studdiford),  b.  Lambertville,  N.J., 
Ap.  2,  1828;  C.N.J.  49,  P.S.  52,  ord.  by  Presbyt.  Raritan,  June  12,  55; 
(Milford  and  Holland,  N.J.  55-9),  Belleville,  60-6,  (Lambertville,  66- 
86),  d.  Oct.  11.  D.D.  by  C.N.J.  74- 
Stud-ley,  Hobart  Earle,  b.  Claverack,  N.Y.,  Oct.  27,  1871 ;  R.C.  93,  N.B.S. 

96,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Miss,  to  Amoy,  China,  90-1902. 
Sturges,  Smith.     Whitehouse,  1858-63. 

Suckow,  Charles  F.  C,  b.  Techentin,  Amt.  Goldberg,  Mecklenburg- 
Schwerin,  Ger.,  Feb.  15,  1840;  N.B.S.  70.  lie.  CI.  Albany;  Knox  Me- 
morial Chapel,  N.Y.C.  68-70.  New  Brooklyn,  70-79,  Philadelphia,  5th, 

1879 

Sullivan,  Andrew  Jackson,  b.  Philadelphia,  1853;  LaF.  Coll.  75,  U.S.  78, 

ord.  by  Cong.;  Newark,  N.  J.  (N.Y.  Av.)  90-2.    For  other  details,  see 

"Union  Sem.  Gen.  Cat." 
Sundram,  Moses,  (Hindoo),  Arcot  Sem.  1895,  lie.  by  CI.  Arcot ;  evangelist 

in  India,  1895 

Sutphen,   David    Schureman    (son-in-law   of  Rev.   Ab.    Polhemus),   b.    at 

Bedminster,  N.J.,  Apr.  24,   1842;  R.C.  64,  N.B.S.  67,  1.   CI.   Raritan, 

New  Utrecht,  1867-79,  w.  c.  Died  March  27,  1897. 
The  love  and  devotion  of  his  people  were  unusual,  and  their  interest  and 
affection  remained  unchanged  to  the  close  of  his  life.  In  the  midst  of 
this  ministry,  marked  by  the  blessing  of  God,  his  mind  received  a  shock, 
which,  though  but  temporary,  impaired  his  usefulness.  A  period  of  seven- 
teen years  followed,  which  he  passed  with  his  familiy  at  Bloomfield,  where, 
in  the  absence  of  a  Reformed  Church,  he  was  connected  with  the  West- 
minster Presbyterian  Church.  Here  he  was  interested  in  all  Church-work, 
attending  service  when  health  permitted,  and  was  a  helpful  inspiration  to 
both  pastor  and  people.  His  very  face  was  a  benediction,  calm  with  the 
peace  of  God,  and  beautiful  with  the  touch  of  divine  grace;  and  his  life 
during  these  years  of  enforced  inactivity,  was  a  silent  but  eloquent  ser- 
mon. He  was  endowed  with  unusual  mental  ability,  and  applied  his  powers 
diligently  to  the  work  to  which  he  had  devoted  himself.     His  social  quali- 


766  THE    MINISTRY. 

ties  were  attractive  and  winning.  Friends  loved  him  because  they  felt  that 
they  were  loved  by  him.  The  text  at  his  first  communion  service — "He 
brought  me  to  the  banqueting  house,  and  His  banner  over  me  was  love" — 
expressed  the  emotion  of  his  own  heart,  and  was  the  keynote  of  his  min- 
istry. His  preaching  was  unique,  beautiful  in  style,  instructive  and  edify- 
ing in  character,  commanding  attention.  His  audience  had  to  listen,  and 
were  fully  compensated.  He  possessed  the  gift  and  the  grace  of  prayer. 
Great  as  was  his  power  in  producing  spiritual  results  in  preaching,  in 
prayer  it  was  felt  still  more.  Reverent  in  approaching  the  throne,  he  was 
confident  in  the  divine  love  and  power,  and  led  his  people  into  the  Holy 
of  Holies ;  putting  them  in  a  worshipping  state  of  heart,  to  attend  earnestly 
to  the  message  he  brought  them.  In  the  chamber  of  the  sick  he  was  most 
sympathetic,  and  caused  the  sufferer  to  experience  the  consolation  of  the 
Saviour.  Then  came  his  own  sufferings ;  an  abrupt  and  strange  ending  of 
a  ministry  that  had  accomplished  much  and  promised  more.  Yet  his  spirit 
of  resignation  to  the  divine  will  and  wisdom  was  as  beautiful  as  had  been 
his  public  service.  At  last,  stricken  in  the  morning  with  apoplexy,  he  quietly 
passed  away  on  the  same  day. — "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.."  1897,  770. — "Biog. 
Notices  of  Grads  of  R.C.,''  1897.  23. 

Publications:  Articles  in  the  "Somerset  Unionist,"  1864,  1872. — "Daft 
Willie" :  a  Poem.  In  "Cli.  Weekly,"  1873 ;  in  "Sower."  1874.— Arts,  on  Rev. 
Peter  Van  Buren,  in  "Ch.  Int.."  1868:  on  the  "Nativity";  two  articles  on 
our  Theolog.  Sem.,  Sept.  7  and  14,  1871.— Arts,  in  "Kings  Co.  Rural  Ga- 
zette":— Thanksgiving;  "Letters  on  Travels  in  Canada,"  1874. — "How  to 
Study  the  Bible":  an  Essay  deliv.  before  Kings  Co.  S.S.  Assoc.  1876  — 
Hist.  Disc,  at  200th  Anniver.  R.C.    New  Utrecht,  1877. 

Sutphen,  James  G.,  b.  Millstone,  N.  J. :  R.C.  1875.  N.B.S.  1876-8. 
\  Suydam,  John  Howard,  b.  Brooklyn.  X.Y..  Oct.  1.  1832:  R.C.  54.  N.B.S.    f 

57,  lie.  by  S.  CI.  L.I.;  Fishkill-on-the-Hudson,  57-63,  Philadelphia,  isl^     tj£ 

63-9,  Jersey  City,  3rd,  69-91,  Rhinebeck,  189 1 D.D.  by  R.C.  rt&ZQf^&Sjfa 

Publications  :  Two  sermons  on  Hist,  of  R.P.D.C. — "The  Lord  of 
Hosts."  1859. — "Consolation";  on  occasion  of  the  death  of  Lieutenant 
Sprole,  of  Newburgh—  "Christian  Patriotism."— "Hist,  of  First  Ref.  Ch.  of 
Philadelphia."  1868.— Books  for  Boys :  "Cruel  Jim. ITie  Cruger  Fam- 
ily."— "The  Wreckmaster."— "The  Emerald  Ring" :  "The  Misunderstand- 
ing." Fugitive  articles  and  letters  by  "Prout."  in  "Ch.  Int."  Numerous 
contributions  to  the  press. 

Swain,  Geo.,  b.  Glasgow,  Scotland,  1841  :  R.C.  62,  N.B.S.  66.  1.  S.  CI.  L.I. ; 

Middlebush,   66-8,     Freehold,    1st.   68-73,     (Brooklyn.     Prcsbyt.     73-4, 

Vllentown,  X.  J..  1874 )     D.D.  by  R.C.  1878. 

Publication:     "Hist,  of  Presbyt.  Ch.  of  Allentown,  N.J.,"  1876. 
Swain,  Jas.  Ramsay,   (son  of  G.     Swain,)  b.  at  Marlboro.  N.J..  Sept.  8. 

1872;    Princeton   Univ.   94,   teaching  in   Am.    Prot.    College,   Beyrout, 

Syria,  94-7.  P.S.  1901.  lie.  by  Presbyt.  of  Monmouth;   Flushing,  L.I., 

1 90 1 

Swart,  Peter,  Lansing,  111.,  1897 


THE   MINISTRY.  767 

Swartz,  Peter,  student  in  N.B.S.,  d.  1830. 
Swartwout,  John,  student  in  N.B.S.,  d.  1815. 

Swick,  Minor.  R.C.  1858,  N.B.S.  1861.  1.  CI.  Geneva.  1861 ;  Stuyvesant 
Falls,  1861-5,  Wawarsing,  1865-9,  Cato,  1869-71,  Oyster  Bay,  1871-77, 
w.  c. 
Switz,  Ab.  J.,  b.  at  Schenectady,  1785;  U.C.  1817,  N.B.S.  20,  lie.  CI.  N.B. ; 
Miss,  in  CI.  Montgomery,  21,  at  Westerlo  and  Oakhill,  N.Y.,  22,  at 
Athol,  Johnsburgh,  Caldwell  and  Warren,  N.Y.,  22,  Schaghticoke  and 
Tyashoke,  23-9,  Wawarsing,  29-35,  Glenville,  2d,  37-42.  Died  Jan.  24, 
1878.  See  Manual  of  1879. 
Talmage,  David,  (s.  of  J.  V.  N.  Talmage),  b.  Amoy,  China,  Feb.  4,  1852; 
R.C.  74,  N.B.S.  77,  1.  CI.  N.B. :  voyage  to  China,  Oct.-Dec.  11,  77: 
Amoy,  77-80;  voyage  to  United  States,  Dec.  80-Mar.  81 ;  Bound  Brook, 

82-4,  Clarkstown,  84-8,  Westwood,  1888 

Talmage,  George  Edwin,  (son  of  Rev.  John  V.  N.  Talmage),  b.  in  Amoy, 
China,  Aug.   16,   1865;  R.C.  86,  N.B.S.  90,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Mott  Haven, 

New  York  City,  90-98,  Schenectady,  2d,  1898 

Publication  :     Address  on  death  of  President  McKinley.  1901. 
Talmage,  Goyn,  b.  Dec.   7,   1821,  near  Somerville,   N.J. :   R.C.  42,   N.B.S. 
45,  1.  CI.  N.B.  Rockaway,  45-51,  Niskayuna,  51-55,   Greenpoint,  55-62, 
Cor.  Sec.  Bd.  Dom.  Missions,  62-67.  Rhinebeck,  67-71,  Paramus,  71-79, 
Port  Jervis,  79-87.     Died  June  24,  1891.    D.D.  by  R.C.  1876.     Pres.  of 
Gen.  Syn.  1874. 
He  was  born  in  a  godly  home,  and  the  influence  of  such  a  home  is  seen 
in  the  fact  that  four  of  its  sons  entered  the  ministry,  namely,  James,  John 
V.  N.,  T.  De  Witt,  and  Goyn,  and  all  have  been  useful  and  honored.     Dr. 
Goyn  Talmage  was  possessed  of  excellent  mental  endowments.     His  per- 
ceptions were  keen  and  penetrating.     He  saw  truth  clearly  in  its  various 
aspects  and  relations.    His  mind  was  well  balanced,  and  his  judgment  uni- 
formly sound  and  discriminating.     He  was  endowed  by  nature  with  a  cheer- 
ful and  happy   disposition.    Cheerfulness   shone   in   his  face  and   was   de- 
picted in  every  look  and  feature.     He  possessed  fine  social  qualities.     He 
was  never  happier  than  when  surrounded  by  his  friends;  and  he  always 
was  the  life  and  charm  of  the  social  circle.    He  possessed  a  keen  sense  of 
humor,  and  often  indulged  in  pleasantries,  but  never  made  light  of  sacred 
things.     He  was  frank  and  confiding,  and  easy  to  approach.     These  traits 
made  him  a  great  favorite  with  the  young,  with  whom  he  was  ever  in  full 
sympathy.    He  often  preached  directly  to  the  young,  and  these  were  some 
of  his  most  effective  sermons.     His  heart  never  grew  old. 

In  each  of  his  pastoral  charges  he  was  highly  successful,  and  greatly 
blessed  in  his  labors.  During  the  five  years  that  he  was  corresponding  sec- 
retary of  the  Board  of  Domestic  Missions,  he  rendered  very  efficient  ser- 
vice, and  left  the  position  to  the  general  regret  of  all  interested  in  that  work. 
His  sermons  were  always  carefully  prepared,  and  never  failed  to  interest 
and  instruct.  There  was  a  richness  and  raciness  about  them,  a  freshness 
and  vigor  of  thought  that  never  failed  to  arrest  attention.  He  was  orig- 
inal in  his  way  of  presenting  truth.     He  had  no  sympathy  with  new  theol- 


768  THE    MINISTRY. 

ogy  or  destructive  criticism.  His  preaching  was  thoroughly  evangelical. 
He  used  largely  and  with  much  power  the  thrilling  events  of  Scriptural 
history  and  biography  to  illustrate  and  enforce  truth.  See  "Memorial  Dis- 
courses" in  Port  Jervis  papers  of  the  day;  in  "Ch.  Intelligencer";  "Biog. 
Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,"  1892,  26;  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1892,  648. 

Publications:  "Admonitions  for  the  Times.''  1S61—  "The  Reformed 
Dutch  Church,  a  Goodly  Heritage,"  with  Hist.  Appendix.  "Greenpoint," 
1862. — "Christ  in  the  Storm."  (Death  of  a  Union  Soldier.)  1866. — "Re- 
ligious Tests."  Published  in  "Christian  at  Work."  1875. — "Perils  of 
Young  Men."  1878. — Annual  Reports  of  Board  of  Domestic  Missions. 
1862-7.— "A  Clean  Young  Man."     1885.— "Perils  of  Office  Seeking."     1889. 

Talmage,  Jas.   R.,  b.  1808;  C.NJ.    1826,   X.B.S.  29,  1.   CI.  N.B. ;  Miss,  to 
Pottsville,  Pa.,  29-31,  Jersey  City,  31-3,  Pompton  Plains,  33-6,  Blawen- 
burgh,  37-49,  Athens,  49-50,  Brooklyn,  Middle,  50-2.  Greenbush,  52-60, 
Chittenango,  60-9,  Wawarsing,  69-74.  Wiltwick,  74-9.  d.  June  29. 
D.D.  by  R.C.  1864. 

His  fields  of  labor  were  widely  separated,  diversified  in  character  and  in 
their  requirements.  But  in  them  all,  the  Cross  was  the  great  burden  of 
his  earnest,  faithful  ministry.  He  understood  and  felt  the  significance  of 
beseeching  men  "in  Christ's  stead  to  be  reconciled  to  God."  And  such  a 
faithful,  direct  and  evangelical  ministry  abounded  in  fruits  to  the  glory 
of  God.  His  lovely  Christian  character  made  him  a  power  in  every  church 
which  he  served  and  in  every  community  in  which  he  moved. 
He  was  modest,  humble,  unobtrusive,  not  covetous  of  applause, 
save  as  his  conscience  and  the  good  applauded  him  for  duties  performed. 
He  uttered  no  words,  even  under  provocation,  that  planted  stings, 
or  erected  barriers  to  the  cordial  interchange  of  Christian  sentiment 
and  offices.  His  guileless  spirit  and  frank  genial  disposition  inspired  con- 
fidence and  esteem  among  his  ministerial  brethren ;  and  in  his  wider  in- 
tercourse with  his  people.  No  field  was  too  humble  not  to  deserve  his 
most  watchful  care,  and  the  fullest  exercise  of  his  best  energies;  and  he 
received,  in  return,  honor  and  love  such  as  cheered  him  in  all  his  minis- 
terial life. 

Publications  :    A  Disc,  occasioned  by  Death  of  Capt.  Is.  M.  Talmage, 

his  son.     1865. 

Talmage,  John  Van  Nest,  b.  Bound  Brook.  N.J.,  Aug.  18,  1819;  R.C.  42, 
N.B.S.  45,  lie.  by  Classis  of  Philadelphia;  S.S.  Central  Ch.,  Brooklyn, 
45-6,  at  Middle  Ch.,  Brooklyn,  46,  voyage  to  China,  Apr.-Aug.  47, 
Amoy,  47-9,  voyage  to  America,  Mar.-Aug.  49,  in  America,  49-50,  voy- 
age to  China,  March-July,  50,  Amoy,  50-62.  voyage  to  America,  April- 
Aug.  62,  in  America,  62-5,  voyage  to  China,  Jan. -June,  65,  Amoy,  65- 
72.  voyage  to  America,  Apr. -July.  72.  in  America,  visiting  the  churches, 
72-4,  voyage  to  China,  June  Aug.  74,  Amoy,  74-81,  in  America,  81-2 
Amoy,  82-9,  in  America,  89-92,  died  Aug.  19*,  at  Bound  Brook,  N.  J. 
D.D.  by  R.C.  1867. 
He  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  at  Millstone,  N.  J.,  on  Aug.  26,  1846, 


THE    MINISTRY.  769 

at  a  joint  meeting  of  the  two  Classes  of  New  Brunswick  and  Philadel- 
phia. Rev.  Gabriel  Ludlow  preached  from  2  Tim.  2:  1,  "Thou,  therefore, 
my  son,  be  strong  in  the  grace  which  is  in  Christ  Jesus,"  and  the  mission- 
ary, Rev.  Elihu  Doty,  gave  the  charge  to  Mr.  Talmage.  A  boy  of  eleven 
years  of  age,  who  was  present,  was  influenced  through  that  service  to  be- 
come a  missionary  to  China.  This  was  the  subsequent  secretary  of  the 
Missionary  Society  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  Rev.  Dr.  S.  L. 
Baldwin. 

He  became  thoroughly  acquainted  with  the  spoken  language  of  Amoy. 
Few  men  had  a  more  extensive  knowledge  of  its  vocables.  He  spoke  like 
the  Chinese  themselves,  idiomatically  and  beautifully.  Such  knowledge 
was  indispensable  to  his  success,  and  he  attained  it  only  by  hard,  plodding 
and  persevering  study,  before  there  was  any  aid  from  dictionaries.  He 
was  qualified,  therefore,  to  take  a  prominent  place  in  translation,  in  re- 
vision and  in  hymnology.  As  a  preacher  to  the  Chinese,  he  was  unrivaled. 
The  people  hung  on  his  lips  and  never  seemed  to  lose  a  word. 

He  had  learned  stenography  and  practised  it  on  his  first  voyage  to 
China  that  he  might  be  able  to  reduce  the  spoken  language  of  Amoy  to 
writing.  He  soon  found,  however,  that  shorthand  was  not  adequate  for 
the  purpose.  Just  how  much  he  contribued  to  the  adoption  of  the  Roman- 
ized Colloquial,  now  in  vogue  through  all  China,  will  never  be  known.  He 
never  sought  the  credit  of  it  for  himself,  but  his  friends  ascribe  much  of 
it  to  him.  It  was  a  fitting  culmination  of  his  work  that  he  only  laid  down 
his  pen  for  the  last  time,  when  he  had  finished  his  last  recension  of  his 
colloquial  dictionary,  a  book  which  will  increase  in  usefulness  as  the 
Church  in  the  Amoy  region  expands.  It  requires  only  translation  to  be 
useful  in  other  dialects  as  well.  He  spent  over  twenty  years  in  its  prepara- 
tion, going  over  it  time  and  time  again,  until  he  felt  it  was  ready  for  pub- 
lication.    It  has  already  gone  into  a  second  edition. 

He  was  of  a  sunnv  disposition.  A  smile  was  on  his  face  and  laughter 
in  his  eyes  almost  all  day  long.  He  was  conspicuously  cheerful  and  hope- 
ful. The  strength  of  his  character  was  unusual  and  would  bear  victori- 
ously very  severe  tests.  Mental  and  moral  ability  of  a  very  high  order 
marked  his  participation  in  public  exercises,  and  his  demeanor  in  social 
life.  In  mind  and  heart  these  were  the  elements  of  greatness.  Greatness 
he  never  sought,  but  avoided.  But  he  was  a  leader  among  men.  A  wide 
range  of  knowledge  was  his.  He  maintained  acquaintance  with  the  research 
and  discovery  of  the  day  although  secluded  in  China.  The  deference  with 
which  he  treated  the  opinions  of  others,  and  his  o\vn  manner  in  present- 
ing his  knowledge  and  convictions  to  an  audience,  was  extraordinary.  He 
was  courteously  inquisitive,  seeking  from  others  what  they  knew  and 
thought,  and  this  often  with  men  much  his  inferiors.  He  was  eminently 
tolerant  of  the  opinions  of  others. 

He  was  animated,  earnest  and  strong  in  public  addresses.  His  mind 
was  apt  to  take  an  independent  and  original  view  of  things.  His  sermons 
were  often  very  impressive  and  powerful.  He  was  always  and  everywhere 
a  Christian  gentleman.  Through  his  gentleness,  sympathy,  wide  range  of 
knowledge,    cheerfulness,   animation,   vigor   of  thought,    and    deference   to 


770  THE    MINISTRY. 

others,  he  was  a  delightful  companion.   He  asked  for  nothing  for  himself, 

but  sought  to  contribute  to  the  enjoyment  of  those  around  him.  He  was 
abundant  in  labors,  and  his  life  of  inestimable  \  aim  . 

He  perceived  earlier  than  his  brethren  at  home  the  true  policy  as  to 
churches  in  heathen  lands;  that  they  should  not  be  mere  continuations  of 
t  lu  denomination  whose  missionaries  had  founded  them,  but  should  have 
an  independent  existence  of  their  own.  In  1803  the  General  Synod  refused 
to  consent  to  an  independent  Chinese  Church.  But  Dr.  Talmage  stood  his 
ground,  and  in  another  year  his  arguments  prevailed,  and  this  principle  is 
now  almost  universally  acknowledged.  Union  on  the  foreign  field  is  now 
everywhere  a  success.  The  native  churches  are  self-governing  and  becom- 
ing self-supporting.  They  are  to  be  permitted  to  develop  according  to  the 
leadings  of  God's  Providence  and  the  teachings  of  his  Spirit. 

He  stood  in  the  very  front  rank  of  missionaries.  For  ability,  for  fidelity, 
for  usefulness,  he  had  few  equals.  As  a  preacher,  he  was  clear,  forceful, 
fearless.  As  a  translator,  his  work  was  marked  by  carefulness  and  accu- 
racy. In  social  life,  his  old-fashioned  hospitality  made  everyone  feel  at 
home.    He  was  a  most  interesting  conversationalist. 

See  sketch  by  Rev.  T.  De  Witt  Talmage,  in  "Christian  Herald"  of  Sept.-, 
1892,  and  other  religious  papers  of  the  day.  especially  "The  Christian  In- 
telligencer." "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1893,  889. — "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads. 
of  Rutgers  College,"  1893,  15.  "Fagg's  Life  of  Talmage;  or.  Forty  Years 
in  South  China,"  1894. — Also  "Pitcher's  Hist,  of  the  Amoy  Mission."  1893. 

Pi  m.icATiONS :  Translations  into  the  Amoy  Colloquial,  in  Roman  char- 
acters, of  the  following  (in  which  the  other  missionaries  assisted  to  a 
greater  or  less  extent)  :  "A  Primer,"  pp.  30.  1852. — "Spelling  Book."  pp. 
15.  1852. — "First  Reader,"  pp.  17.  1853. — "Burn's  Version  of  Pilgrim's 
Progress,"  pp.  77.  1853. — "The  Book  of  Ruth."  pp.  20.  1853. — Several 
Hymns,  pp.  25.  1859. — "The  Gospel  of  Luke,  and  the  following  Epistles: 
Galatians,  John,  Peter,  Ephcsians,  and  Philippians"  :  in  all,  13  books  of  the 
Bible. — Also  the  "Heidelberg  Cathecism." — In  English:  "Hist,  and  Ecc. 
Relations  of  the  Churches  of  the  Presbyterial  Order,  at  Amoy,  China." 
8vo.  pp.  74.     \.  Y..  1863. 

He  was  the  founder  and  editor  of  "The  Church   Messenger,"  published 

monthly   in   the  Amoy  dialect. — "Dm an    of  the   Chinese  Character   in 

the  Romanized  Amoy  Colloquial:  entitled  "Emng  Ime  Ji-Tiang,"  1894. — 
Also  "Book  of  Forms" ;  "Sacred  History":  hymns;  st  >ries;  an  arithemetic. 
—"Sketch  of  the  Amoy  Mission." 

Talmage.  Peter  Stryker  (s.  of  Rev.  Jehiel  Talmage.  see  "Princeton  Sem. 
Gen.  Catalogue"),  b.  in  Somerville,  X  J.,  Oct.  5,  1S19:  J.C.  1845.  PS. 
1848;  ord.  by  Presbyt,  Nov.  [848;  (Oneida  Valley,  X.Y..  [848-50, 
Malta,  N.Y.,  1850-3);  Stone  House  Plains,  X.  J..  [853-65;  preaching 
in  halls  in  northwestern  Philadelphia,  [865-8;  Philadelphia,  Bethune 
Memorial,  [868;  Bethlehem  Mi-..  Philadelphia.  [869;  Manayunk,  Jan. 

1870  74.  d. 
He  was   converted   in   early   life.      He   married,  in    1850.   the   daughter  of 
Archibald  Davis.  Esq.,  a  prominent  merchant  of  \\-n   York.    Upon  remov- 


f 


t/\^L^l-<2 


THE   MINISTRY.  771 

ing  to  Philadelphia  he  began  preaching  in  the  northwestern  part  of  the 
city,  first  in  the  hall  of  the  Wagner  Institute,  and  then  in  the  hall  at 
Twelfth  Street  and  Montgomery  Avenue.  Here  he  established  the  Bethune 
Mission,  after  much  earnest,  constant,  and  self-sacrificing  work.  The  Be- 
thune Memorial  Church  was  soon  organized.  Upon  taking  charge  at  Mana- 
yunk  new  life  was  infused  into  that  church.  During  his  short  pastorate 
there  113  were  added  to  the  membership.  He  was  beloved  by  his  church 
and  the  entire  community.  Gentle  and  kind  as  a  little  child,  he  was  never- 
theless a  man  of  great  energy  of  character,  a  public-spirited,  high-toned 
Christian  gentleman.  Said  one  at  his  funeral  :  ''During  a  friendship  of 
thirty  years,  I  have  known  the  deceased  as  a  kind,  patient,  painstaking 
Christian,  of  transparent  honesty,  unfeigned  godliness,  steady  loyalty  and 
unfailing  love,  a  man  of  peace,  but  firm  for  truth  and  righteousness,  while 
his  pastorate  was  remarkable  for  the  fidelity  and  fulness  of  his  ministra- 
tions." 

Publications:  "Comfort  in  Sorrow:  On  the  Death  of  a  Beloved 
Child."     1861. 

Talmage,  Thos.  A.     R.C  1857,  N.B.S.,  i860,  d.  1861. 

Talmage,  Thomas  De  Witt,  b.  near  Bound  Brook,  N.  J.,  Jan.  7,  1832; 
U.N.Y.;  N.B.S.  56,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Belleville,  N.  J.  56-9,  Syracuse,  N.Y. 
59-62,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  2d,  62-9:  (Presbyt. :  Central  Presbyt.  Brook- 
lyn, N.Y.  69-94),  Washington,  D.  C,  95-99.  Died  Ap.  12,  1902.  D.D. 
by  several  institutions. 

He  was  original  and  yet  perfectly  natural.  He  wrote,  lectured,  preached 
differently  from  any  one  else.  Yet  he  never  strove  to  be  original  and  dif- 
ferent from  others.  He  was  different  in  his  personality.  The  same  differ- 
ences were  observable  in  his  home  and  among  his  acquaintances.  Yet  he 
did  not  know  that  he  had  these  peculiarities.  At  first  he  was  misunder- 
stood. But  he  swept  away  all  the  cobwebs  which  had  accumulated  around 
the  traditional  methods  of  sermonic  oratory.  He  pleaded  with  sinners  with 
the  energy  and  enthusiasm  and  intensity  with  which  the  lawyer  would 
plead  for  the  life  of  the  innocent.  While  he  dispensed  with  the  minis- 
terial gown,  and  refused  the  old-fashioned  pulpit,  he  still  clung  to  the  old 
truths.     He  spoke  the  Gospel  message  in  its  simplicity. 

His  pulpit  was  the  business  of  his  life.  He  ate  and  slept  and  walked 
and  nursed  his  strength  for  that.  He  had  a  tremendous  capacity  for  work. 
When  over  seventy,  his  form  was  straight,  his  eye  was  clear  and  his 
mental  force  unabated.  On  his  last  journey,  a  trip  to  Mexico,  only  a 
couple  of  months  before  his  death,  he  preached  in  rapid  succession  to 
great  audiences  at  Macon,  Charleston,  Richmond,  New  Orleans,  with  his 
usual  eloquence  and  power.  His  lecturing  tours  were  not  undertaken  to 
make  money,  but  to  get  away  from  home-tasks  and  to  come  back  re- 
freshed to  do  more  valiant  service  for  Christ.  Railroad  travel  was  his  physi- 
cal salvation.  While  he  was  a  genius,  he  developed  his  talents  by  the  sever- 
est application.  No  labor  for  him  was  too  full  of  drudgery.  He  lived  in 
his  study,  and  took  exercise  only  to  fit  hiinseif  for  his  pulpit.    Into  every 


77-2  THE    MINISTRY. 

sermon  he  put  his  best  thought.  He  strove  for  quality  and  not  for  quan- 
tity. 

He  was  a  Gospel  minister  of  unbounded  cheerfulness.  He  believed  that 
there  was  as  much  religion  in  the  smile  seen  at  the  wedding  of  Cana,  as 
in  the  sob  heard  in  the  house  of  mourning.  He  was  an  optimistic  Chris- 
tian, whose  mind  was  free  from  gloomy  presentiments.  He  always  ex- 
pected good  things  to  come  from  the  Divine  Father.  Therefore,  he  was 
willing  to  undertake  big  things.  And  when  troubles  came  he  was  the 
better  able  to  bear  them.  This  was  wonderfully  illustrated  when  three 
of  his  churches  were  destroyed  by  fire,  but  he  was  never  dismayed;  and 
when  successive  bereavements  came  into  his  family,  he  bore  them  bravely. 
And  his  best  sermon  was  his  daily  life,  in  his  family  and  in  the  world. 
When  assailed  by  others,  he  never  struck  back.  He  would  forgive  an 
enemy,  and  do  anything  in  his  power  to  serve  him. 

Critics  often  sought  to  analyze  his  character  and  account  for  his  mar- 
velous success.  Various  explanations  were  given.  He  was,  indeed,  a  word- 
painter,  quite  unequaled.  He  could  make  his  audiences  laugh  or  weep. 
He  could  administer  stinging  rebukes  to  sin.  He  had  also  a  loving  per- 
sonality. But  these  things  represent  only  the  outer  garment  of  hrs  power. 
He  was  a  true  Christian,  and  worked  in  the  power  of  the  Holy  Spirit. 
Many  testified  to  their  conversion  through  the  reading  of  his  sermons.  He 
was  a  man  called  of  God  to  do  a  peculiar  work.  See  the  sermon  of  his 
son,  Rev.  Frank  De  Witt  Talmage,  in  "The  Christian  Herald,"  April  23, 
1902,  whence  this  sketch  is  culled,  which  paper  also  contains  many  par- 
ticulars of  his  life. 

His  first  sermon  in  the  Theological  Seminary  at  New  Brunswick,  in  the 
spring  of  1854,  was  from  the  text,  Prov.  18:24:  "There  is  a  friend  that 
sticketh  closer  than  a  brother."  It  consisted  of  four  elaborated  illustra- 
tions of  the  love  of  Christ,  and  possessed  the  identical  peculiarities  and 
beauties  and  wonderful  imagery  of  all  his  later  efforts.  Some  of  its  points 
are  remembered  by  a  classmate  to  this  day.— E.T.C. 

Publications:  He  edited,  at  times,  "The  Christian  at  Work."  1873-6. — 
"The  Advance,"  1877-8. — "Frank  Leslie's  Sunday  Magazine,"  1888. — And 
for  several  years  before  his  death,  "The  Christian  Herald." — Among  the 
volumes  published  are:  "Crumbs  Swept  Up,"  1S65. — "Around  the  Tea- 
table,"  1874.— "Masks  Torn  Off."  1879.— "The  Marriage  Ring,"  1886.— 
"Woman.  Her  Powers  and  Privileges." — "From  Manger  to  Throne." — 
"Sports  that  Kill."— "The  Earth  Girdled."— "The  Pathway  of  Life."— 
"Old  Wells  Dug  Out." — "Everyday  Religion." — "Sundown." — "Fishing 
too  Near  Shore." — "Good  Cheer,"  1862. — "Almond  Tree  in  Blossom." — 
"The  Evil  Beast,"  a  Temperance  Sermon,  1873. — "Abominations  of  Mod- 
ern Society,"  1872.  1876. — "Shots  at  Targets." — "Night  Side  of  New 
York."  1878. — "The  Battle  of  Bread." — "Orange  Blossoms  Frosted." — "As 
the  Stars,  Forever":  in  "Pulpit  Eloquence,  10: h  Century." — Volumes  of 
Sermons,  four  series,  1872-5. — "The  Brooklyn  Tabernacle,"  a  collection  of 
104  Sermons,  1884.    In  all,  20  volumes  of  selected  sermons. 

There  are  fifty  books,  or  more,  published  under  his  name,  but  most  of 
these  are  pirated  from  his  "Works"  and  unauthorized.    His  sermons  have 


THE    MINISTRY.  773 

been  published  weekly  for  thirty  or  more  years,  without  missing  a  single 
week ;  and  through  syndicates,  for  many  years,  have  been  published  in 
3,600  different  papers,  reaching  about  twenty  millions  of  persons  weekly. 
They  have  also  been  translated  into  most  of  the  European  and  into  many  of 
the  Asiatic  languages. 

[His  son,  Rev.  Frank  De  Witt  Talmage,  was  born  in   Philadelphia,  Pa., 
Nov.  29,  1867;  N.Y.U.  90,  U.S.  93,  ord.  by  Presbyt.  of  Philadelphia, 

May  7,  1893 ;  Pittsburg,  Pa.  94-7,  Jefferson  Park,  Chicago,  1897 ] 

Tarbell,  John  Grosvenor,  b.  at  Brimfield,  Mass.,  1794;  Harvard  Univ.  1820, 
N.B.S.  25,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  ord.  CI.  Bergen,  27:  Miss,  to  Montville,  26,  to 
Berne,  26,  Stone  House  Plains,  27-8,  Sand  Beach.  30-2,  Caroline,  32-40, 
w.  c,  emeritus.    Died  about  1880. 
He  was   recognized  as  a  pioneer  of  the   Gospel    in   Central    Michigan, 
whither  he  removed  in  1840,  and  lived  there  for  more  than  forty  years. 
From  his  home  at  Alamo  he  gave  his  attention  to  missionary  work,  and 
aided  in  the  establishment  of  churches  of  various  evangelical  denominations 
in  Ottawa,  Van  Buren,  and  St.  Joseph,  and  other  counties.    Blessed  with  a 
large  amount  of  property,  he  gave  it  freely  to  the  cause  of  Christ.    He  was 
an  able,  eloquent,  and  devoted  minister  of  the  Gospel ;  a  prominent  and 
active  citizen  of  Alamo;  a  leader  in  every  important  movement;  and  es- 
teemed and  venerated  by  all  who  knew  him. 

Tavamani,  Erskine  (Hindoo),  Arcot  Sem.  1892;  lie.  CI.  Arcot;  an  evan- 
gelist in  India. 
Tasschemaker,  Tassemaker,  see  Tesschemaeker. 

Taylor,   Andrew   Brown,   b.    in   Philadelphia,   1814;    R.C.   39,   N.B.S.  42,  I. 
CI.  Philadelphia;  supplied  Allegan,  42-43,  supplied  Grand  Rapids,  43- 
48,  Macon  and  Ridgeway,  48-52,  (also  supplied  Congreg.  Ch.  at  Raisin), 
Irvington,    52-55,    English    Neighborhood,    1855-92.     Emeritus.      Died 
Mar.   12,   1895. 
In  Michigan,  when  the  country  was  new,  he  did  pioneer  work  among 
the  Holland  element.    In  going  from  place  to  place  on  duty,  he  often  slept 
in  the  woods,  and  in  rain-soaked  clothing,  but  as  the  result  of  his  self- 
denying  labors,  a  flourishing  church  grew  up  in  Grand  Rapids.    During 
his  long  pastorate  at  English  Neighborhood  (or  Ridgefield)  he  was  a  suc- 
cessful worker.    For  years,  in  addition  to  his  other  labors,  he  conducted  a 
school.    He  was   earnest,   faithful,  conscientious   in  the   discharge   of   his 
duties,  eloquent  and  impressive  in  the  pulpit,  and  respected  in  his  calling 
by  all  men  and  all  denominations.    Personally  he  was  genial  in  manner, 
sprightly  and  ready  in  conversation.    His  devotion  to  this  work  among  his 
people  was  probably  the  cause  of  his  death.    Although  weakened  by  recent 
illness,  he  one  day  attended  a   funeral,   and  then,   without   food,   walked 
through  the  mud  to  visit  five  families,  which  resulted  in  pneumonia.     An 
earnest  preacher,  a  modest,  retiring"  man,  seeking  no  place,  and  nothing  be- 
yond a  faithful  ministry  in  his  appointed  field,  he  has  left  behind  him  the 
memory  of  a  spotless  life.     "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1895,  216. 

Taylor,  Benj.  C.  (son-in-law  of  Rev  J.  V.  C.  Romeyn),  b.  in  Philadelphia, 


774  THE    MINISTRY. 

Pa.,  Feb.  24,  iSci  ;  C.N.J.  19,  X.B.S.  22,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Greenbush  and 
Blooming  Grove,  22-5,  Aquackanonck,  25-8,  Bergen,  28-1870. — Elected 
a  trustee  of  R.C.  1857.  S.T.D.  by  Hob;..rt  Coll.  Geneva,  1843.  Emeri- 
tus, 1870.     Died  Feb.  2,  1881. 

He  was  sent  to  the  famous  school  of  Dr.  Finley,  at  Basking  Ridge.  X  J. 
While  there,  a  wonderful  revival  swept  over  the  community,  and  he,  with 
many  others,  was  converted.  Ten  of  those  converts  became  ministers  of 
the  Gospel.  His  great  work  was  done  at  Bergen,  where  he  preached,  with 
hardly  an  interruption,  for  forty-two  years,  when  he  was  declared  Pastor 
Emeritus;  but  his  ministry  there  must  be  reckoned  at  fifty-two  and  a  half 
years,  and  his  entire  ministry  at  almost  sixty  years.  He  kept  an  accurate 
journal,  which  shows  that  he  officiated  at  about  8.400  services,  including 
funerals,  in  his  Bergen  charge,  that  he  solemnized  541  marriages;  baptized 
1,052  infants  and  adults;  and  received  into  the  communion  of  that  church, 
in  all,  836  persons.    He  followed  the  dead  of  five  generations  to  the  grave. 

He  was  pre-eminently  a  Bible  Christian.  He  held  the  Scriptures  in  must 
profound  veneration.  They  were  the  rejoicing  of  his  heart.  He  was  known 
tu  have  read  the  Bible  through  three  times  in  one  year.  He  sought  Christ 
not  only  in  the  New  Testament,  but  where  Christ  said  he  was  to  be  found, 
in  the  Law,  the  Prophets  and  the  Psalms.  Being  eminently  a  Biblical  ser- 
monizer,  he  was  an  impressive  preacher.  His  thoughts  were  clear,  his  lan- 
guage simple,  unostentatious,  and  rich  in  Scriptural  allusions.  His  voice 
was  clear  and  penetrating,  and,  when  the  occasion  demanded,  highly  pa- 
thetic. In  his  earlier  years  he  largely  memorized  his  sermons,  but  on  one 
occasion,  when  he  reached  the  pulpit,  he  could  not  remember  the  text  or 
even  the  topic.  In  vain  he  turned  over  the  leaves  of  the  Bible  to  find  his 
text,  while  a  hymn  was  being  sung.  His  eye  finally  fell  upon  a  passage 
which  suggested  a  train  of  thought,  and  telling  the  facts,  he  begged  the  in- 
dulgence and  prayers  of  his  people.  A  very  deep  impression  was  made, 
and  several  persons  were  converted. 

He  was  always  faithful  in  preaching  the  pure  Gospel.  His  trumpet  never 
gave  an  uncertain  sound.  He  believed  in  God's  power  and  grace  in  salva- 
tion. But  he  excelled  as  a  pastor.  At  his  first  coming  to  Bergen,  and  for 
many  years  after,  his  pastoral  charge  extended  from  Hoboken  to  Bergen 
Point.  He  was  eminently  fitted  for  pastoral  work  by  his  genial  nature,  his 
unfailing  tact  and  his  warm  sympathy.  He  shared  with  his  flock  their  joys 
and  sorrows.  In  the  Classis  he  was  the  acknowledged  authority  as  i"  all 
ecclesiastical  usages.  His  voice  decided  debate  See  "In  Memoriam"  of 
Rev.  Dr.  B.  C.  Taylor. 

I'i  blications :  A  Sermon  at  English  Neighborhood,  N.  J.,  before  the 
Education  Soc.  of  CI.  Bergen.  1828.— "Tin  School  of  the  Prophets":  a 
Ser.  before  Bd.  of  Sups.  1839.  Appendix  contains  a  catalogue  of  the  stu- 
dents, N.B.S..  1810-1839. — "Annals  of  the  Classis  and  Township  of  Ber- 
i2mo,  pp.  479.  1856. — "A  Disc,  at  200th  Anniv.  of  R.P.D.C.  of  Ber- 
\".  J."  1861. — Fun.  Ser.  of  Capt.  Wm.  II.  Cochrane.  18(14. — "'Manual 
of  R.P.D.C.  of  Bergen."  1867. — Address  at  Fun  of  Mrs.  Sarah  A.  Birch 
1869. 


THE    MINISTRY.  775 

Taylor,  George  Ira,  b.  Northumberland,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  25,  1823;  U.C.  43, 
U.T.S.  44-7;  He  Presb.  N.Y.,  Oct.  47;  (ord.  Presb.  Troy,  49;  S.S. 
Schroon  and  W.  Moriah,  N.Y.  48-9;  Sandy  Hill.  N.Y.  49-51;  Charl- 
ton, N.Y.  52-4,  S.S.  Winchester,  Miss.  54-6,  S.S.  Lawrenceburgh,  Ind. 
56-65,  S.S.  Middletown,  O.  65-7,  Malta,  N.Y.  68-74)  ;  Watervliet, 
(Boght),  N.Y.  1874-91,  w.  c. 

Taylor,  Graham  (s.  of  W.  J.  R.  Taylor),  b.  at  Schenectady,  N.Y.,  May  2, 
1851 ;  R.C.  70,  N.B.S.  73,  1.  CI.  Newark;  Hopewell,  July  1,  73-80,  (Hart- 
ford, Ct.  4th  Cong.  80-92,  Professor  of  Practical  Theology,  Hartford 
Theolog.    Sem.   88-92,   Prof,   of   Sociology   in   Chicago   Congregational 

Sem.    1892 .    Also    Founder   and    Resident   Warden   of    Commons 

Social  Settlement,  140  N.  Union  St.,  Chicago,  1893 

Publications:     "The    Practical   Training   Needed    for   the   Ministry   of 
To-day."     1888. 

(Taylor,  Hutchins.  S.S.  Chittenango,  Nov.  1,  1828-May  9,  30.) 
Taylor,  Livingston  Ludlow  (son  of  W.  J.  R.  Taylor),  b.  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  Sept.  16,  i860;  R.C.  81,  N.B.S.  84,  1.  CI.  Newark,  84;  assistant 
pastor,  Middle  Collegiate  Ch.  N.Y.C.  84-7;  ord.  by  CI.  Orange,  87; 
Port  Jervis,  87-91,  (1st  Presbyt.  Colorado  Springs,  Col.  91-4,  Plymouth 
Congreg.,  Cleveland,  O.   1894- 1900.   Puritan   Congreg.   Brooklyn,   N.Y. 

1901 

Taylor,  Wesley.     R.C    1847,   N.B.S.   1850,  1.   CI.   Paramus,   1850;   Sairsson- 

ville,  185 1 -2,  North  Esopus  and  Kleyn  Esopus,  1853-4,  1858,  susp. 
Taylor,  William  J.  R.  (s.  of  B.  C.  Taylor),  b.  at  Schodac,  N.  Y.,  July  21, 
1823;   R.C.  41,   N.B.S.   44,    1.    CI.   Bergen;    New   Durham,   44-6,   Van 
Vorst  1st  (Jersey  City  2d),  46-9,  Schenectady,  49-52,  Jersey  City,  3d, 
52-4,  Philadelphia,  3d,  54-62,  Cor.  Sec.  Am.  Bible  Soc.  62-9,  Nev/ark, 
(Clinton  Av.)  69-90,  Cor.  Sec.  Am.  Sabbath  Union,  90-1,  d.  Nov.  12. 
D.D.  by  R.C.  i860.    Pres.  Gen.  Synod,  1871.    Editor  of  "Ch.  Int.,"  1872- 
6.    Trustee  of  R.C.  1878-91. 
His  theological,  as  well  as  his  literary  course  of  preparation  for  the  min- 
istry, was  pursued  with  conscientious  fidelity ;  but  he  had  special  fitness 
for  his  sacred   work,   which   neither  the   college   nor   the   seminary   could 
fully  supply  in  that  religious  training  which  he  had  received  in  his  home, 
the  benefit  of  which  was  enjoyed  through  all  the  years  of  his  ministerial 
life. 

In  1862  Dr.  Taylor  had  resigned  his  pastorate  in  Philadelphia  to  accept 
the  office  of  Corresponding  Secretary  of  the  American  Bible  Society, 
which  he  held  for  seven  years.  Part  of  that  time  the  mingled  storms  of 
civil  war  and  political  strife  were  sweeping  over  our  divided  country,  and 
its  national  institutions  of  benevolence  and  even  the  churches  were  rent 
asunder.  But  the  American  Bible  Society  found  its  pathway  open  to  every 
camp  and  battle-field.  Its  agents  went  everywhere,  carrying  the  word  of 
God  to  the  soldiers  of  both  armies,  welcomed  alike  by  the  blue  and  the 
.gray.  An  important  part  of  the  management  by  which  the  Society  was 
enabled  to  accomplish  its  work  so  successfully  was  due  to  the  wisdom  of 
Dr.  Taylor.    His  official  services  as  Corresponding  Secretary  were  highly 


776  THE    MINISTRY. 

appreciated,  and  at  the  time  of  his  retirement  in  1869  the  managers  placed 
upon  record  the  most  unqualified  expressions  of  their  regard,  and  espe- 
cially of  their  high  estimate  of  the  value  of  his  services  during  the  Civil 
War,  and  at  its  close  in  adjusting  the  disturbed  relations  of  the  Societj 
with   the  Southern   States. 

The  most  fruitful  period  of  his  ministry,  in  the  maturity  of  his  powers, 
was  as  the  pastor  of  the  Clinton  Avenue  Reformed  Church,  of  Newark. 
Here,  for  the  third  time,  he  was  called  to  take  charge  of  a  new  organiza- 
tion, and  in  this  interesting  field  he  spent  twenty  years,  gathering  the  fruits 
of  an  earnest  ministry  and  a  faithful  pastorate,  which  have  left  their  im- 
pression upon  the  community  in  which  he  lived.  Besides  the  duties  of  his 
own  parish,  which  were  enough  for  one  man,  he  was  called  upon  for  a 
share  of  that  work  which  every  minister  in  a  large  city  finds  outside  of 
parochial  bounds,  in  the  evangelization  of  the  masses,  and  in  efforts  for 
reform  in  its  highest  sense.  He  had  taken  a  special  interest  for  the  better 
observance  of  the  Lord's  Day,  and  had  contributed  the  influence  of  his 
voice  and  pen. 

Immediately  upon  his  resignation  as  pastor  he  was  invited  to  become 
one  of  the  Corresponding  Secretaries  of  the  American  Sabbath  Union,  a 
society  which  had  become  national  in  its  aims,  and  is  destined  to  be  world- 
wide in  its  influence.  Its  friends  rejoiced  in  being  able  to  secure  the  en- 
tire services  of  Dr.  Taylor,  and  the  managers  fixed  his  headquarters  at 
Washington,  D.  C.  Some  of  his  first  efforts  in  this  office  were  made  to 
secure  the  closing  of  the  Columbian  Exposition  at  Chicago  on  the  Sab- 
bath day.  In  this  he  was  successful;  but  judicial  trickery  overthrew  the 
wishes  of  the  great  mass  of  the  moral  people  of  the  land. 

His  career  was  an  active,  industrious  and  most  useful  one.  He  was  iden- 
tified with  almost  every  department  of  Church  life  within  his  own  denomi- 
nation, while  his  sympathies  were  world-wide.  He  was  active  in  the  cause 
of  missions,  of  education  and  of  church  extension.  He  was  connected 
during  his  lifetime  with  the  various  benevolent  boards  of  the  Church.  He 
was,  at  the  time  of  his  death,  a  member  of  the  Council  of  Hope  College, 
and  of  the  Board  of  Superintendents  of  the  Western  Seminary.  He  had 
been  for  twenty  years  a  trustee  of  Rutgers  College,  and  had  rendered  im- 
portant service  on  its  various  committees.  His  careful  guardianship  of  the 
interests  of  the  College  attested  his  loyalty  to  his  Alma  Mater. 

He  served  on  important  committees  of  the  General  Synod,  having  charge 
of  matters  touching  the  vital  interests  of  the  Church.  He  was  chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Federal  Union  with  the  German  Reformed  Church. 
In  General  Synod  his  wisdom  was  conspicuous,  and  his  eloquence  in  de- 
bate persuasive  and  convincing.  His  influence  was  always  on  those  broader 
platforms  of  Christian  union,  where  practical  questions  of  Church  life,  and 
plans  for  united  effort  for  the  spread  of  the  Gospel  are  considered.  I E 
there  was  one  trait  of  character  which  shows  out  more  brightly  than 
another,  and  threw  its  radiance  over  the  others,  it  was  his  amiability.  He 
had  a  loving  disposition,  a  tender  heart.  His  gentleness  and  consideration 
for  the  feelings  of  others  were  conspicuous.  Even  when  in  the  heat  of 
debate  on  the  most  exciting  questions,  he  always  spoke  in  a  kindly  spirit, 


THE    MINISTRY.  777 

and  never  intentionally  uttered  a  sentence  that  left  a  sting  in  the  memory. 
He  never  spoke  in  terms  of  disparagement  of  his  brethren.  He  was  care- 
ful in  his  conversation  and  intercourse,  whether  by  word  or  pen,  to  avoid 
whatever  would  conflict  with  the  law  of  love.  Courteous  and  dignified  in 
his  intercourse  with  strangers,  he  was  frank  and  warm-hearted  with  his 
friends.  His  sermons  and  addresses,  whether  written  or  extemporaneous, 
were  marked  by  a  purity  of  style  becoming  the  pulpit,  and  never  marred 
by  the  use  of  phrases  or  allusions  intended  to  catch  the  popular  ear.  He 
was  striking  without  being  coarse,  impressive  without  exaggeration. 

He  visited  the  West  in  the  fall  of  1891,  partly  for  the  purpose  of  preach- 
ing the  installation  sermon  of  his  son,  at  Colorado  Springs.  He  spent 
some  time  in  Colorado  in  the  work  of  the  Sabbath  Union,  and  was  earnestly 
expecting  to  speak  on  the  same  subject  in  Salt  Lake  City.  On  the  morning 
of  Nov.  12,  after  riding  for  an  hour  or  two  through  the  beautiful  scenery 
of  the  Marshall  Pass,  he  seemed  weary  and  fell  asleep.  He,  however,  roused 
up  again,  but  again  fell  asleep,  and  did  not  awake.  As  the  train  reached 
Gunnison,  his  spirit  departed.  See  "Biog.  Notices  of  Graduates  of  R.C.," 
1892,  7.— "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1892,  650. 

Publications  :  "Our  God  our  Glory."  Thanksgiving  Sermon.  1850. — 
"Reminiscences  .of  Rev.  G.  R.  Williamson"  (In  "Cypress  Wreath.") — 
Four  Letters  to  Theological  Students.  (In  "Christian  Intelligencer.") 
1851. — "The  Word  of  God  not  Bound."  A  Sermon  for  the  Philadelphia 
Bible  Society.  1854. — "Phila.  Evening  Bulletin." — A  Discourse  Commemo- 
rative of  the  late  Rev.  Henry  G.  Livingston,  Feb.  18,  1855. — "The  Daughter 
of  My  People."  A  Sermon  on  the  State  of  Religion,  Nov.  9,  1856. — "The 
Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church  in  Philadelphia."  A  Historical  Dis- 
course, Jan.  25,  1857. — "The  Position  of  the  Church  and  her  Children  in 
the  Present  Great  Awakening."  A  Sermon  before  the  General  Synod,  in 
Newark,  N.  J.,  June,  1858.  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  June  24,  1858. — 
"On  Systematic  Beneficence,  with  Facts  and  Forms  Showing  the  Work- 
ing of  the  System."  Board  of  Publication  Ref.  Ch.  1858.  Tract  No.  41. — 
"First  Annual  Report,  American  Systematic  Beneficence  Society."  1858. 
— Sermon  Commemorative  of  the  Rev.  John  Ludlow,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Nov. 
15,  1857.  Board  of  Publication,  R.P.D.  Church.  1858— "A  Voice  from  the 
Austria."  "Tract  No.  610."  Am.  Tract  Society. — "Four  Hours  in  Mid- 
Ocean."  A  condensation  of  the  above  tract  for  General  Circulation.  A.T.S. 
— "Man,  Moral  and  Physical."  Article  in  the  "Princeon  Review,"  April, 
i860. — "Christian  Union."  Article  in  the  "Evangelist  Quarterly,"  April, 
i860. — "God's  Care  of  Our  Land."  Thanksgiving  Discourse,  i860.  "Evan- 
gelical Quarterly,"  Jan.,  1861. — "The  Parsees."  "Evangelical  Quarterly." 
i860. — "The  Power  of  Christ's  Resurrection."  A  Sermon.  In  the  "Herald 
of  Truth,"  vol.  ii.  No.  26.    i860. 

"Louisa."  A  Pastor's  Memorial.  1  vol.  i6mo.  Am.  Sunday-School 
Union.  1862. — "A  Burning  and  a  Shining  Light."  Discourse  Commemo- 
rative of  the  Hon.  Theodore  Frelinghuysen,  LL.D.,  Apr.  27,  1862.  "Na- 
tional Preacher,"  June,  1862. — Discourse  on  the  Death  of  the  late  George 
W.  Bethune,  D.D.,  May  25,  1862. — Address  at  Forty-Sixth  Anniversary 
of  the  American  Bible  Society.    1862. — Oration  before  the  Alumni  Associa- 


77*  THE    MINISTRY  . 

tion  of  Rutgers  College,  June  16.  186,3.  Historical. — Address  to  Agents  of 
the  American  Bible  Society  at  Conferences  held  in  Chicago,  111.,  and  Al- 
bany, N.Y.  1864. — Address  in  Memory  of  Mrs.  Eliza  Mary  Taylor.  New 
York,  Dec.  4,  1867.    Printed  for  private  circulation. 

Address  at  Funeral  of  the  Rev.  Joseph  F.  Berg,  D.D.,  Prof,  of  Theology, 
delivered  at  Philadelphia.  July,  1871.  "New  Brunswick  Times."  July  25, 
1871. — "African  Colonization.''  Speech  at  the  Anniversary  of  the  Am. 
Colonization  Society,  at  Washington,  D.  C,  Feb.,  1873.  In  "The  African 
Repository." — "The  Holy  Waters."  Sermon  at  the  Quarter  Century  Cele- 
bration of  the  Pastorate  of  Rev.  P.  D.  Van  Cleef,  D.D.,  Jersey  City,  N.  J., 
1877. — "The  Jubilee  of  Freedom  and  of  Faith."  A  Centennial  Discourse 
at  the  Second  Ref.  Ch.,  Philadelphia.  July  2,  1876.  In  "Christian  Voices." 
—"The  Bible  in  the  Last  One  Hundred  Years."  A  Historical  Discourse 
for  the  American  Bible  Society  in  the  United  States  Centennial.  1876. — 
"American  Methodism  in  1876."  Article  in  "Presbyterian  Quarterly"  and 
"Princeton  Review,"  October,  1876. — "The  Peculiar  History  of  the  Re- 
formed Church  in  America,  in  Relation  to  Theological  Education."  In 
"Centennial  Discourses." — "The  Bible  for  the  Nation."  A  Semi-Centennial 
Address  for  the  Washington  City  Bible  Soc.  1878. — "The  Pastor's  Jubilee." 
A  Response  for  the  Family  at  the  Jubilee  Celebration  of  t-he  Pastorate  of 
Rev.  Dr.  B.  C.  Taylor.  1S78. — -"Christian  Enthusiasm."  An  Address  to  the 
Soc.  of  Inquiry  of  the  Theolog.  Sem.  R.C.A.  1878. — Decennial  Memorial 
of  Clinton  Av.  Ref.  Ch.,  Newark.    1878. 

Reports  and  Sundry  Official  Documents  prepared  as  One  of  the  Corre- 
sponding Secretaries  of  the  American  Bible  Society,  from  July,  1862,  to 
Jan.  1,  1870. — Editorial-,  etc.,  in  the  "Bible  Society  Record,"  same  period. 
— Annual  Reports  of  General  Synod's  Standing  Committee  on  the  Peter 
Hertzog  Theological  Hall.  1869  to  1876  inclusive. — Editorials  in  the 
"Christian  Intelligencer"  from  1872  to  1876  inclusive. — Many  Miscellaneous 
Articles,  Addresses,  and  Communications  in  our  own  and  other  religious 
periodicals  and  newspapers. — Reports  in  "Minutes  of  General  Synod," 
1857-1876. — Presidential  Sermon  at  the  Opening  of  General  Synod  in 
Brooklyn,  L.  I.,  1872.  "Christian  Intelligencer." — A  few  Hymns  on  Special 
Occasions,  Christmas,  Easter,  etc. — "The  Rescue  Brand."  No.  16 1,  vol. 
v.  "Tracts."  Am.  Tract  Society. — Contributions,  chiefly  Biographical  and 
Historical,  relating  to  the  Reformed  Church  in  America,  and  Article  on 
English  and  American  Hymnology,  in  all  about  two  hundred  columns,  in 
"McClintock  and  Strong's  Cyclopedia  of  Biblical.  Theological  and  Ecclesi- 
astical Literature." 

"Church  Extension  in  Large  Cities."  1880. — "Christian  Liberty" :  An 
Address  before  N.B.  Seminary  Alumni.  1883. — "Influence  of  N.  B.  Sem- 
inary on  Denominational  Life":  In  "Centennial  of  N.B.S.,"  page  161,  1884. 
— Papers  at  Second  and  Third  Councils  of  Alliance  of  Reformed  Churches. 
—See  also  Letter  in  "N.Y.  Independent  "  July  5,  1888,  from  Miss.  Conf. 
London.-  Sketches  of  James  Suydam  and  Gardner  A.  Sage;  in  MSS. 
These  were  prepared  at  the  expense  '>f  Rev.  Dr,  Jas.  V  H.  Cornell,  and 
by  him  given  to  Rev.  Dr.  E.  T.  Corwin.  In  iS<)<)  he  deposited  these  in  the 
Archives  of  the  General  Synod.     These  MSS.  Memoirs  were  used  bv  Dr. 


THE   MINISTRY.  779 

T.  S.  Doolittle,  and  Dr.  D.  D.  Demarest,  in  preparing  abridged  sketches 
of  Messrs.  Suydam  and  Sage,  which  are  found  in  Appendix  of  "New 
Brunswick  Seminary  Centennial";  pages  390  and  399. 

Taylor,   Wm.   Rivers    (son   of   Win.   J.   R.    Taylor),   b.    Philadelphia,    Pa., 
Sept.  28,   1856;   R.C.  76,   N.B.S.  79,  lie.   CI.   Newark;   Franklin   Park, 
1879-84,  Philadelphia,  1st,  84-8,  (Presbyt.,  Rochester  (Brick  ch.),  N.Y. 
1888 — — )     D.D.   by  University  of  Rochester,   1891. 
Publications  :      Sermons    and    Addresses. — Articles    for    the    Religious 
Press. — Address  at  175th  Anniversary  of  Six  Mile  Run  Church.     In  "Me- 
morial." 

Tears,  Egbert.     R.C.  1878,  N.B.S.     Died  Jan.  27,  1880. 
Te  Grootenhuis,  Dirk  J.,  Hospers,  la.,  1805-9,  w.  c. 

Te  Grootenhuis,  John  H.  E..  b.  Haarlem,  Neths.,  May  29,  1873  ;  Gymna- 
sium of  Kampen,  Neths. ;  W.S.  98,  1.  CI.  Iowa  ;  Ebenezer,  at  Morrison, 

111.  98 

Teichrich,  Henry.    Delaware   (Lennox)    S.  D.  1894-7,  now  living  at  Pasa- 
dena, Cal. 
Teller,  Henry  W.,  b.  at  Croton  Falls,   N.  Y.  July  16,   1843;  R.C. ;   P.S. ; 
(Presb.  chs. ;  Essex,  Ct. ;  Springfield,  N.  T. ;  Cambridge,  N.Y.)  ;  Pomp- 
ton  Plains,  N.  J.,  1885-July  2,  1891,  d. 
Mr.  Teller  was  born  and  nurtured  in  a  Christian  home,  and  early  in- 
structed in  the  doctrines  of  grace.    When  Mr.  Teller  entered  the  ministry 
of  our  Church  it  was  in  a  spirit  of  earnest  loyalty  to  all  the  doctrines  and 
usages  of  the  Church.    He  was  an  instructive,  an  interesting  preacher,  a 
thoughtful   and  kind   pastor  and   a  wise  and  judicious  counselor   in   the 
Classis.    His  ministry  in  the  church  of  Pompton  Plains  was  greatly  blessed 
to  the  conversion  of  many  souls.    "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1892,  649. 
Teller.    Jas.    H.,    from    Presbyt.    of    Washington ;    Miss,    in    Ludlow    and 

Orchard  Sts.,  N.Y.C.,  1826-9,  d.   1830. 
Ten  Eyck,  Conrad,  b.  1756:  studied  under  D.  Romeyn ;  Amsterdam,  New 
Harlem,  (Fonda's  Bush),  and  Mayfield,  1799-1803;  Veddersburg,  New 
Harlem,  and  Mayfield,   1803-4;   New  Harlem   and   Mayfield,   1804-12; 
Owasco  and   Sand   Beach,    (Owasco   Outlet),    12-26;    w.   c.   26-44.    d. 
Oct.  30,  1844. 
Rev.  Dr.  Chs.  Hawley,  of  Auburn,  in  a  Historical  Discourse,  says : 
"The  ministry  of  Mr.  Ten  Eyck  at  Owasco  was  memorable  for  a  contro- 
versy raised  against  him  by  some  of  the  members  of  his  congregation, 
because  of  his  preaching  a  free  and  unlimited  atonement,  which  resulted 
in   charges  brought  against  .him,  in  the  year   1819,   for  heretical  opinions, 
before   the   Classis   of   Montgomery.     In   his   carefully    prepared    defense, 
which  was  published,  Mr.  Ten  Eyck  acknowledges  these  charges  in  form 
and  proceeds  to  show  that  the  views  he   holds   of  the   atonement  in   its 
nature  and  extent  are  in  accordance  with  the  Scriptures  and  the  standards 
of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church. 

"The  Consistories  of  each  of  the  churches  of  Owasco  and  Sand  Beach, 
in  written  communications  laid  before  the   Classis.   disavowed   any   sym- 


780  THE    MINISTRY. 

pathy  with  this  complaint  respecting  the  doctrine  taught  by  our  reverend 
minister,  and  affirmed  that  in  bringing  the  grievance  to  their  notice  they 
had  only  acted  to  gratify  the  complainants,  and  to  bring  the  differences 
to  a  peaceful  and  happy  close.  The  Classis,  by  a  vote  of  11  to  6,  dismissed 
the  charges,  on  the  ground  that  the  different  views  held  on  such  subjects 
are  not  of  such  a  nature  as  ought  to  destroy  the  peace  and  harmony  of 
churches  and  the  fellowship  of  Christian  brethren.  An  appeal  was  taken 
to  the  next  Particular  Synod,  and  the  action  was  sustained  by  that  body." 
—  (Comp.  "Min.  Gen.  Synod,"  1820.  p.  66.) 

The  Rev.  Artemus  Dean,  in  a  historical  discourse  preached  in  the  church 
of  Sand  Beach,  June  30,  1876,  and  printed  in  a  local  paper,  says :  "Domine 
Ten  Eyck's  salary  as  pastor  of  the  Sand  Beach  church  was  $150  in  money 
and  one  hundred  and  fifty  bushels  of  wheat.  He  received  a  like  compen- 
sation from  the  church  in  Owasco.  It  was  his  practice  to  deliver  two 
sermons  at  the  Beach  on  the  same  day,  followed  by  a  lecture  at  one  of 
the  neighboring  school-houses  in  the  parish,  and  the  next  Sabbath  he 
would  officiate  at  Owasco.  On  Thursday  afternoon  he  conducted  a  cate- 
chetical exercise  in  some  one  of  the  school-houses  in  the  parish,  using 
the  catechism  prepared  by  Domine  Hellenbroek,  once  pastor  of  the  church 
in  Rotterdam.  Prayer-meetings,  under  the  name  of  societies,  were  held 
in  private  houses.  The  meetings  were  well  attended  by  old  and  young 
until  the  latter  part  of  his  ministry.  Domine  Ten  Eyck  preached  without 
notes,  his  sermons  being  about  an  hour  in  length. 

"I  give  you  the  portrait  of  the  man  as  it  is  darwn  by  those  who,  sixty- 
five  years  ago,  were  little  boys  in  his  parish.  He  was  a  man  of  great  execu- 
tive ability,  peremptory  in  manner,  and  fond  of  having  his  own  way.  The 
children  were  all  afraid  of  him,  and  when  he  came  into  the  house,  the 
more  timid  would  skulk  away,  dodge  out  of  doors,  or  hide  under  the  bed, 
to  escape  his  eye.  It  would  seem  that  the  young  people  were  somewhat 
restive  under  his  rule,  for  tradition  reports  that  he  has  been  known  to  go 
out  and  shake  his  whip  at  the  boys  skating  on  the  lake  at  forbidden  hours, 
and  assure  them  that  they  would  all  come  to  the  bad  ending,  if  they  did 
not  go  to  meeting.  When  the  Domine  met  the  children  on  their  way  to 
and  from  school,  they  would  form  in  line  on  the  side  of  the  road  and  make 
their  manners  to  him  as  he  passed.  Domine  Ten  Eyck  was  evidently  the 
great  man  of  the  parish,  and  was  well  content  to  have  it  so.  His  five  boys 
and  two  girls,  it  is  said,  rejoiced  in  the  shadow  of  greatness,  and  carried 
their  heads  high,  as  became  the  children  of  such  a  sire."  ...  In  the  year 
1816,  under  the  pastorate  of  Domine  Ten  Eyck,  the  glory  of  the  Lord 
was  revealed  in  a  most  wonderful  manner,  and  converts  were  gathered  in 
like  the  dew-drops  of  the  morning.  The  interest  first  began  in  Owasco 
about  the  middle  of  January,  and  increased  with  such  rapidity  that  on  the 
first  Sabbath  in  March  one  hundred  and  one  were  received  on  profession 
of  their  faith.  On  the  second  Sabbath  in  May,  seventy-one  were  received 
into  fellowship  in  the  Sand  Beach  church.  Meanwhile  the  work  went  on 
throughout  all  parts  of  the  town,  and  in  July,  one  hundred  and  forty  were 
received  into  the  church  in  Owasco.  In  October,  fourteen  were  received 
into  the  Sand  Beach  church;   and  in  January,    1817,   nine  were   received 


THE   MINISTRY.  /8l 

into  the  Owasco  church,  all  on  profession" ;  making  a  total  in  one  year  of 
three  hundred  and  fifty-one. 

In  a  letter  from  Mr.  Ten  Eyck,  published  in  the  "Auburn  Gazette,"  April 
2,  1817,  he  writes :  "As  several  young  persons  from  Sand  Beach  congrega- 
tion were  present  at  the  examination  (of  converts  at  Owasco),  these  re- 
turned home  deeply  affected.  This  society  had  generally  remained  in  a 
state  of  spiritual  stupor ;  but  the  news  of  the  large  accession  to  the  church 
of  Owasco,  together  with  the  impressions  made  on  the  minds  of  those 
before  mentioned,  operated  like  an  electrical  shock — the  flame  spread  with 
a  rapidity  unequaled  by  anything  I  ever  before  witnessed.  In  the  course 
of  a  few  days  there  was  scarcely  a  family  in  the  neighborhood  where 
there  were  not  some  more  or  less  under  serious  impressions,  and  in  some 
families  all  who  were  not  church  members  were  anxiously  inquiring  what 

they  should  do  to  be  saved Conferences  were  appointed  for 

every  evening  in  the  week  except  Saturday  evening.  On  these  I  was 
obliged  to  attend,  and  in  most  of  them  to  lecture.  I  appointed  one  evening 
in  the  week  to  meet  for  religious  conversation  in  the  neighborhood.  This 
meeting  I  found  peculiarly  serviceable.  My  time  was  now  wholly  occupied 
in  visiting  from  house  to  house,  and  attending  upon  those  who  came  for 
instruction.  For  four  weeks  there  was  nothing  attended  to  in  my  house 
of  a  worldly  nature,  but  what  was  absolutely  necessary  to  keep  soul  and 
body  together."  Dr.  Hawley  writes  that  in  his  last  days,  Father  Ten  Eyck 
was  loth  to  speak  of  his  martial  achievements,  "which  seemed  to  him  less 
suited  to  one  who  was  so  near  the  grave ;  preferring  that  the  things  of 
Christ  and  eternity  should  be  the  burden  of  his  thoughts,  and  the  theme 
of  his  conversation.  He  died  at  East  Gainsville,  while  residing  with  his 
son,  Deacon  William  Ten  Eyck,  in  the  88th  year  of  his  age.  He  was 
for  more  than  half  a  century  an  earnest  and  godly  minister,  of  high  repute 
in  his  own  Church,  and  greatly  esteemed  by  his  Presbyterian  brethren, 
especially  in  that  region,  with  whom,  in  doctrinal  views  and  measures  for 
promoting  the  work  of  God,  he  was  in  such  close  sympathy." — Rev.  Dr. 
J.  B.  Thompson.  See  also  Manual  of  1879;  an(*  "Doc.  Hist.  N.Y.  4to  ed. 
pp.  673,  683. 

Ten  Eyck,  Jas.  B.,  b.  at  Kingston,  N.  Y.  1798;  U.C.  1818,  N.B.S.  21,  lie. 
CI.  N.B.;  Berea,  1821-72,  d. 

He  was  of  the  best  and  oldest  of  the  Knickerbocker  stock.  Familiar 
with  the  mother  tongue  of  the  Netherlands,  the  good  Dutch  divines  of 
Europe  were  his  daily  study  and  delight,  and  it  was  his  pleasure  to  trans- 
late their  gems  into  English. 

As  a  student  and  thinker,  Mr.  Ten  Eyck  was  superior.  Exceedingly 
modest  and  retiring,  he  seldom  made  display  of  his  attainments,  but  when 
occasion  demanded,  his  store  of  learning  became  manifest.  In  conversation 
among  friends,  in  lectures  on  varied  subjects,  in  expositions  of  Scripture, 
and  in  familiar  letters  he  was  both  pleasant  and  most  instructive.  Had  he 
been  an  ambitious  man,  and  possessed  of  pecuniary  means,  he  could  have 
been  an  author  of  value  in  our  denomination. 

He  was  not  a  great  or  popular  preacher.    The  sermons  were  methodical, 


782  THE   MINISTRY. 

rich  in  matter,  and  often  exceedingly  well  expressed,  but  the  style  and 
manner  were  of  the  former  days.  His  people,  however,  grew  in  grace  and 
knowledge,  and  the  older  members  of  his  flock  ever  continued  tenderly 
attached  to  the  teacher  and  shepherd  who  so  long  guided  them  in  the  Lord. 
He  was  faithful,  too,  in  every  ministerial  duty.  The  fathers  died  and 
the  children  took  their  places,  and  yet  the  gray-haired  pastor  fed  his  flock. 
and  joined  in  the  councils  of  Zion.  The  fiftieth  anniversary  of  his  settle- 
ment at  Berea  had  been  celebrated,  and  he  and  his  numerous  friends  were 
preparing  for  the  "golden  wedding"  which  should  worthily  mark  the.  half 
century,  during  which  he  and  his  beloved  consort  had  shared  the  lights 
and  shadows  of  the  pastorate,  when  the  Lord  called  his  servant  to  his 
reward.  Sincere  mourning  marked  his  burial,  and  affectionate  remem- 
brance on  the  part  of  many  is  his  monument. — Rev.  Dr.  Chas.   Scott. 

Publications  :  Translation  of  "Original  Records  of  R.D.C.  of  Deer 
Park    (Port  Jervis)."     1879. 

Ten  Eyck,  Wm.  Hoffman,  b.  at   Schenectady,  N.Y.,   May   19,   1818;   R.C. 

1845,  N.B.S.  1848,  Aic.  CI.  N.B.;  Hyde  Park,  1848-53,  Astoria,  1853-73, 

w.  c.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1870. 

Stated  clerk  of  North  Classis  L.I.   1864 .     Permanent  clerk  of  Gen. 

Synod,   1871 .     Member  of  Board  of  Ed..   1859 .     Cor.  Delegate  to 

Ger.  Ref.  Ch.,  1871  ;  to  Gen.  Council,  Refd.  Epis.  Ch.  1879. 

Publications:  Address  at  Fun.  of  Judge  R.  H.  Morris.  1855.— Add. 
at  Fun.  of  Mrs.  Mary  V.  A.  S.  Benner.  1867.— Add.  at  Fun.  of  Wm.  B. 
Bolles,  1885.— Pamphlet  on  "Scriptural  Temperance."  [885.— Many  articles 
in  "Christian  Intelligencer"  and  in  secular  papers. 

Te  Paske,  John  W.,  H.C.    1893.  W.S.  96.  1.   CI ;   Silver   Creek  and 

Friesland,  Minn.  96-8,   Silver  Creek,   1898 Also  supply  at   Maple 

Lake,  1898-9. 

Terry,  Roderick,  b.  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  Ap.  1,  1849;  Y.C.  70,  And.  Th.  Sem. 

72,  U.T.S.  75;  ord.  by  Presb.  Westchester,  Nov.  9,  75;  (Peekskill.  N.Y. 

75-9)  ;  N.  Y.  City.  South,   1881 D.D.  by  C.N.J.  1882. 

Terborg,  J.  E.     Pekin,  2d,  111.  1883-9. 

Terhune,  Edward  P..  b.  in  New  Brunswick.  X.  J.,  Nov.  22.  1830:  R.C.  50, 
N.B.S.  54.  lie.  Presbyt.  X.  B.  June.  55:  ord.  by  Presbyt.  West  Han- 
over, Va.,  55:  (Charlotte  Court  House,  Presbyt.,  55-9),  Newark,  1st, 
59-76.  Chaplain  at  Rome.  Italy,  76-7,  (Springfield.  Mass.,  Cong.  Ch. 
79-84),  Williamsburg,  L.I.  84-91,  (Brooklyn,  Puritan  Cong.  Ch.  91-5). 
w.  c.    D.D.  by  R.C.  1869. 

Te  Selle,  John  Wm.,  1>.  Oostburg.  Wis..  Jan.  31.  1867:  H.C.  94.  W.S.  97, 
1.  CI.  la.;  Carmel,  la.  97-1900,  Hospers,  1900 

Tesschenmaeker,  Peter.  University  of  Utrecht,  i67i-(3?),  supplying 
Kingston,  1675-6:  Guiana,  S.  A.  1676-8.  supplying  Kingston,  again, 
Ap.-Sept.  1678,  New  Amstel,  Del.,  1679-82,  also  supplying  Staten  Island, 
Bergen,  etc..  occasionally,  1679-82.  Schenectady,  k>Sj  01  :  but  supplying 
Hackensack,  [686  ~     Massacred  by  the  Indian-.  Feb   8,  1690. 


THE    MINISTRY.  783 

The  name  Tesschenmaeker,  variously  spelled,  occurs  frequently  in  the 
Universities  of  the  Netherlands,  as  follows : 

Matriculated  in  the  High  School  of  Groningem  (Der  Hoogeschool  te 
Groningen)  :  1630,  June  1.  Petius  Teschenmacherus :  Patria,  Elberfeldo 
— Montanus.  Topic  of  study:  Theology.  (Probably  too  early  to  be  the 
American  Tesschenmaeker.) 

1644,  Feb.  13.  Petrus  Teschenmacherus ;  Patria,  Elberfeldensis.  Topic, 
Philology. 

1662,  Ap.  2.  Petrus  Tessemaecker ;  Patria,  Ultrajectensis.  Topic,  Phi- 
lology. 

Matriculated  at  the  University  of  Utrecht  (Academiae  Rheno-Traiec- 
tinae),  1671.  Petrus  Math.  Tessemaecker.  Residence:  Bataviae-Indus. 
(Dutch  India).     (Probably  the  American). 

1717.  Isaacus  Teschenmacher.  Residence:  Coloniensis.  (Does  not  tell 
which  colony). 

1729.     J.  Teschemacher.     Residence:    Amersfurt. 

1871.  Fredericus  Tessemaker  ex  pago  Warnsfeld,  Th.  (Theology)  ;  Gym- 
nasii  Dotecomiensis  alumnus. 

Matriculated  at  the  University  of  Leiden  (Academiae  Lugduno-Batavae)  : 
1630,  Feb.  22.  Engelbertus  Teschemacherus ;  Montanus ;  age  22.  Medi- 
cinse. 

1630,  Feb.  22.  Simeon  Teschemacherus,  frater  Engelberti,  age  20.  Medi- 
■cinae. 

1636,  Oct.  24.  Engelbertus  Teschemaeker ;  Elberveldensis,  age  27. 
Cand.  Medicinae. 

1645,  May  6.  Simeon  Teschenmacherus;  Ervelveldo — Montanus,  age  35. 
Medicinae. 

1653,  Aug.  4.  Joannes  Teschemaecher :  Elbervelda-Montanus ;  aged  22. 
Jurisprudential. 

1660,  Sept.  21.  Wernerus  Tesschemaecker ;  Elbervelda-Montanus; 
aged  20.     Theologian. 

1669,  Ap.  24.  Petrus  Tessemaker ;  Batavia-Indus.  Aged  20.  Juris- 
prudentiae. 

1814,  Oct.  26.  Joan  Tesschemaker  e  Demerary  Indus  Occid.  Age  20. 
Jurisprudentine.     Annis  stud.  2. 

We  give  these  names,  often  identical,  as  specimens  of  the  names  in 
those  ''University  Catalogues,"  and  of  the  difficulty  of  deciding,  some- 
times, which  is  the  individual  we  are  seeking.  Tesschenmaeker  was  liv- 
ing at  Kingston,  N.Y.,  in  1676,  as  a  theological  licentiate.  On  account 
of  the  great  scarcity  of  Dutch  ministers,  only  one  having  come  from  Hol- 
land during  the  preceding  twelve  years  (Van  Nieuwenhuysen),  and  only 
three  being  then  in  America,  the  Dutch  and  English  inhabitants  of  Kingston 
united  in  petitioning  Governor  Andros  to  find  means  for  the  ordination 
of  young  Tesschenmaeker,  who  had  already  as  a  proponent  officiated  for 
them.    The  following  is  the  petition,  1676: 


784  THE    MINISTRY. 

"To  the  Right  Honorable  Sr.  Edmund  Andros,  Kt.  Signor.  of  Sauemares ; 
Lieutenant  and  Governor-General  Under  His  Royal  Highness,  James, 
Duke  of  Yorke  and  Albany  and  Dependancies. 

"The  humble  Pettison  of  Severall  of  the  Inhabittance  of  Esopus  humbly 
showeth  unto  your  Honor, 

Whereas,  this  place  is  destitute  of  a  Minister  for  the  Instruction  of  the 
people:  It  is  our  ernest  desiar  and  humble  request,  with  all  submission, 
that  your  Honor  will  bee  pleased  to  bee  aiding  and  assisting  in  the  pro- 
curing one  for  us  that  can  preache  both  Inglish  and  Duche,  which  will  be 
most  fitting  for  this  place,  it  being  in  its  Minority  and  having  great  charges 
is  not  very  able  to  maintaine  two  Ministares  :  neethar  to  bee  at  the  Charge 
of  Sending  for  one  out  of  England  or  Holland  ;  and  wee  are  informed, 
Mr.  Peettar  Taschemaker  is  at  liberty,  who  is  a  person,  well  known  to 
your  Honor  and  officiated  in  this  place,  for  sum  time;  And  if  to  be  pro- 
cured, is  very  well  aproved  and  much  dessired  by  moste.  bee  beinge  a  man 
of  a  Sobar  life  and  conversacon  having  Deportted  himselfe  to  satisfaction 
of  ye  Inhabitanse, — Wherefore  wee  humbly  pray  that  your  Honor  will  bee 
pleased  to  be  Instrumentall  in  the  same  and  your  Honor's  humble  peti- 
tioners shall  every  pray,"  etc. — Signed  by  49  names.  ("Doc.  Hist.  N.Y.," 
iii.  583.) 

But  no  response  appears.  (Van  Rensselaer,  Nich.)  Tesschen- 
maeker,  for  reasons  unknown,  then  went  to  Guiana,  where  he  remained 
a  couple  of  years,  after  which  he  is  found  in  Delaware.  The  people  there 
greatly  desired  a  minister,  and  requested  the  Dutch  clergy  to  organize  them- 
selves into  a  Classis,  and  ordain  him.  The  ministers  were  disposed  to  help 
this  people  to  the  Gospel,  and  the  Governor  desired  to  strengthen  his  dis- 
tant colony.    The  Governor,  therefore,  issued  the  following  order: 

(Original  English  Copy.) 
Sir  Edmond  Andros.  Knight,  etc. : 

Upon  Application  from  New  Castle  in  Delaware,  That  (being  destitute) 
Mr.  Peter  Teschenmaker  may  be  admitted  to  be  their  minister;  By  vertue 
of  his  Majesty's  Letters  patent  and  authority  derived  unto  me,  I  do  here- 
by desire  and  authorise  you,  to  Examine  the  said  Mr.  Teschenmaeker  and 
if  you  shall  find  him  fittly  Qualified,  that  then  you  ordaine  him  into  the 
ministry  of  the  Protestant  Reformed  Church  to  preach  God's  word  and 
Administer  His  Holy  Sacraments,  and  give  him  testimonialls  thereof,  as  is 
usual. 

Given  under  my  hand  and  seal  of  the  Province,  in  New  Yorke,  the  thir- 
tieth day  of  September,  in  the  31st  year  of  his  Majesty's  Raigne,  Annoq. 
Domini  1679.  (This  was  the  thirty-first  year  of  Charles  II,  reckoning  from 
1649,  when  Charles  I   was  beheaded;  omitting  the  period  of  Cromwell.) 

Edmond  Andros. 

To  Mr.  Guilielmus  Newenhuysen,  minister  or  pastor  of  this  city,  or  any 
three  or  more  of  the  ministers  or  pastors  within  this  government.  Prepared 
and  examined  by  me.  Matthias  Nicolls,  Sec. 

From  "General  Entries,"  vcl.  32,  p.  61,  in  the   Manuscript   Department 


THE    MINISTRY.  785 

of   the    State   Library   at   Albany,   N.    Y.     Also    in   "Bi-Centennial   of   the 
Church   of   Schenectady." 

The  above  English  copy  was  translated  into  Dutch  ;  and  the  following 
is  a  translation  from  the  Dutch  back  into  the  English  : 

I,  Edmond  Andross,  Knight,  Patroon  of  Sausmars,  Lieutenant  and  Gov- 
ernor-General under  his  Royal  Highness,  James,  Duke  of  York  and  Al- 
bany, and  of  all  his  Provinces  in  America,  upon  the  request  of  the  people 
of  New  Castle,  do  order  that  Mr.  Peter  Tesschenmaeker  be  permitted  to 
be  their  minister.  By  virtue  of  his  Majesty's  letters  patent,  and  authority 
entrusted  to  me,  I  desire  and  authorize  you  to  examine  the  said  Mr.  Tess- 
chenmaeker, and  if  you  find  him  capable,  to  ordain  him  to  the  service  of  the 
Protestant  Reformed  Church,  to  preach  God's  Word,  and  to  administer 
the  Lord's  Supper  :  and  to  give  him  the  usual  diploma. 

Given  under  my  hand  and  seal,  of  the  province  of  New  York,  the  30th 
of  September,  in  the  thirty-first  year  of  his  Majesty's  reign;  and  in  the 
year  of  our  Lord,  1679.  E.  Andross. 

The  above  order  was  directed  to  Mr.  William  Van  Nieuwenhuysen,  serv- 
ant of  the  Holy  Word  of  God  in  this  city,  or  three  or  more  other  minis- 
ters under  this  government.    Attested  by  Matthias  Nicholls,   Clerk. 

The  four  Dutch  ministers  then  in  the  Province  met  in  New  York  City, 
and  the  following  is  their  action,  which  we  give  in  full,  as  this  was 

THE    FIRST    ORDINATION    IN    NEW    YORK. 

Copy  of  the  Proceedings  in  our  meeting  at  New  York,  on  the  9th  of 
October,  1679,  in  the  matter  of  Domine  Petrus  Tesschenmaacker. 

To-day,  the  9th  of  October,  1679,  a  call  from  the  congregation  of  the 
South  River,  for  a  minister,  was  handed  in.  This  call  was  directed  to 
Domine  Petrus  Tesschenmaacker,  Candidatus  S.  Ministerii. 

But  inasmuch  as  such  a  case  is  without  precedent,  the  Dutch  ministers 
here  (on  the  request  of  his  Excellency,  Governor  Edmond  Andros,  and 
upon  exhibition  of  the  testimonials  of  the  preparatory  examination  of  said 
Domine  Petrus  Tesschenmaacker,  written  by  the  Dutch  and  English  Con- 
sistories at  the  Hague,  and  in  view  of  said  congregation's  necessities), 
feel  it  their  duty  to  ratify  the  call  of  this  candidate  as  minister  to  this  place, 
and  to  ordain  him. 

And  as  it  is  very  necessary  that  an  Overseer  (or  Bishop)  should  be  ap- 
proved ;  therefore,  the  Rev.  Assembly,  consisting  of  the  Dutch  ministers 
in  this  government,  together  with  other  church  officers  (elders),  do  ap- 
prove, without  any  special  objection,  the  testimonials  of  his  preparatory 
examination. 

It  was  then  further  resolved,  to  proceed  to  the  examination  for  ordina- 
tion.    (Lit.,  to  the  pronwtie  itself.) 

Domine  Tesschenmaker  was  then  called  in  and  made  acquainted  with 
the  above  approbation  of  the  Rev.  Assembly.  He  was  further  asked, 
whether  he  was  inclined  to  accept  this  call,  and  to  serve  that  church  ac- 


786  THE    MINISTRY. 

cording  to  the  Ecclesiastical  Rules  of  the  Rev.  Synod  of  Dort,  and  such 
other  ecclesiastical  regulations  as  exist,  and  whether  he  would  conform  to 
the  .same.  Pie  answered — Yes.  He  was  willing  and  he  bound  himself  to 
observe  them. 

This  done,  Domine  Tesschenmaacker  was  first  heard  on  the  exposition 
of  the  text,  Matt.  5:  20,  "Except  your  righteousness  shall  exceed  the  right- 
eousness of  the  scribes,"  etc.  His  treatment  of  this  text  fully  satisfied  the 
Rev.   Assembly. 

The  Rev.  Assembly  then  proceeded  to  the  examination.  Domine  Wil- 
helmus  van  Nieuwenhuystn,  minister  of  the  Holy  Gospel  in  the  principal 
city  of  the  government,  New  York,  was  appointed  Examiner. 

The  examination  was  finished,  and  the  Rev.  Assembly  was  satisfied  with 
the  answers  of  Rev.  Tesschenmaacker,  so  that  finally  it  was  followed  up  by 
his  ordination  in  the  Name  of  the  Lord,  according  to  our  Ecclesiastical 
Rules  and  Forms.  Casparus  van*  Zuuren, 

Eccl.  on  Long  Island,  Secretary  of  the  meeting,  p.  t. 

The  four  Dutch  ministers,  Schaats,  Van  Nieuwenhuysen,  Wan  Zuuren 
and  Van  Gaasbeeck,  then  sent  the  following  letter  to  the  Classis  of  Am- 
sterdam, explaining  their  action  in  ordaining  Tesschenmacker. 

Reverend,  Pious,  Very  Learned,  Very  Prudent  Gentlemen,  Fathers  and 
Brethren  in  Christ. 

Sirs: — In  our  common  Christian  faith,  the  saints  profess  to  have  fel- 
lowship with  their  Saviour,  and  through  him  to  possess  a  common  heri- 
tage of  blessings.  Therefore,  believers  must  help  one  another  in  every  pos- 
sible way.  They  should  console,  admonish,  edify  and  strengthen  one  an- 
other,  as  they  become  awarg  of  the  favorable  or  unfavorable  circumstances 
of  a  neighbor  or  brother,  flney  should  weep  with  those  who  weep,  and 
rejoice  with  those  who  rejoice;  for  nothing  can  occur  to  any  believers 
without  the  sympathetic  knowledge  of  others  in  Christ.  He  is  the  Head, 
and  to  Him  all  the  members  of  the  body  belong.  For  this  reason,  we,  who 
are  obliged  to  labor  in  this  transatlantic  country,  seeking  to  cultivate  tin- 
vineyard  of  the  Lord  so  far  away  from  the  great  body  of  the  Church,  feel 
compelled  to  strive  to  keep  up  our  fellowship  with  the  churches  in  the 
Fatherland,   and  especially   with   those  of  our   own   Classis. 

Therefore,  according  to  your  order  and  request,  that  we  should  write 
you  about  all  our  circumstances,  that  the  welfare  of  the  members  of  Christ 
may  be  the  better  promoted,  and  His  whole  body  edified:  His  honor  ad- 
vanced and  I  lis  Kingdom  extended:  and  that  in  accordance  with  the  Apos- 
tles' injunction,  "Let  all  things  be  done  decently  and  in  order."  as  well  as 
amicably,  so  as  to  prevent  confusion  and  misunderstanding,   (we  report): 

That  some  time  ago,  namely,  in  the  spring  of  1678,  there  arrived  here 
one  Peter  Tesschenmacker,  a  bachelor  of  divinity.  He  had  passed  his 
preparatory  examination  at  Rhenen,  in  the  parish  of  Utrecht.  He  subse- 
quently accompanied  the  tleet  destined  for  Guyana,  under  Director  N. 
Price,  and  had  previously  been  a  preacher  in  the  English  church  at  The 
Hague.     And  although  the  certificate  of  his  examination  was  nut  exhibited 


THE   MINISTRY.  787 

to  us,  because  it  had  been  wrested  from  him  by  the  enemy,  together  with 
other  property  and  papers,  at  the  conquest  of  Guyana ;  nevertheless,  upon 
the  testimony  of  certain  people  here,  who  knew  him,  and  had  also  heard 
of  his  gifts  in  preaching,  he  was  permitted  by  us  to  officiate.  This  he  has 
now  frequently  done,  and  in  several  different  churches  here,  to  general 
satisfaction  and  edification.  Besides  preaching  in  other  places,  he  per- 
formed this  duty  for  four  months  in  the  congregation  of  Esopus,  which 
is  now  served  by  the  Rev.  Domine  Laurentius  van  Gaasbeeck.  In  the 
autumn  of  1678,  he  was  requested  by  the  congregation  of  South  River  to 
take  his  turn  in  preaching  there,  and  admonish  the  people  to  piety  and 
godliness.  He  performed  this  duty  so  well  that  that  church,  to  the  general 
gratification  of  everybody  there,  called  him  to  be  their  preacher,  and  the 
minister  of  the  Holy  Word  and  Sacraments. 

In  order  to  obtain  the  ratification  of  their  call  to  him,  and  his  ordination 
for  such  a  service  in  the  most  convenient  and  speediest  manner,  the  com- 
missioners of  said  congregation  first  addressed  themselves  to  us,  notifying 
us  of  their  call,  and,  with  urgent  reasons,  earnestly  requesting  us,  to  meet 
in  New  York,  with  our  elders,  and  deliberate  on  this  business,  in  order  to 
give  proper  assistance  to  their  church.  This  was,  indeed,  an  affair  needing 
great  deliberation,  as  it  would  be  fraught  with  weighty  consequences.  Yet 
some  of  our  church-members  made  not  a  few  difficulties  about  it.  But  the 
Noble,  Very  Worshipful  and  Honorable  Governor  of  this  country  (An- 
dros),  who  was  advised  of  the  request  of  that  congregation,  also  earnestly 
desired  to  see  their  prosperity.  Accordingly,  he  served  notice  upon  us, 
authorizing  and  requiring  us,  the  ministers  in  this  land,  to  meet  together 
in  the  form  of  a  Classis,  and  to  examine  the  said  Domine  Tesschenmacker, 
and  advance  him,  if  he  were  found  qualified  to  the  ministry.  This  de- 
mand made  upon  us  by  his  Honor,  will  be  best  understood  from  a  copy, 
showing  the  authorization  or  order  itself.  This  is  a  translation  from  the 
English  original,  which  is  on  file  here,  and  which  was  signed  by  the  Gov- 
ernor himself. 

Thus,  legally  impelled  thereto,  the  advancement  of  Domine  Tesschen- 
macker was  resolved  on  by  us,  and  carried  out  on  the  9th  of  October,  1679. 
In  perfoming  this  act,  we  regulated  ourselves  by  the  laudable  customs 
and  orders  of  the  churches  in  our  Fatherland.  For  the  proper  perform- 
ance of  his  duties,  we  bound  him  by  promises  and  his  own  subscription, 
just  as  we  were  bound  to  the  same  duties  by  your  Reverences.  Previous 
to  our  action  there  had  also  arrived  excellent  testimonials  concerning  the 
character  and  preaching  abilities  of  Domine  Tesschenmacker,  from  the 
Rev.  Consistories  of  the  Dutch  and  English  congregations  at  The  Hague. 
The  candidate  himself,  also,  in  his  sermon  gave  full  satisfaction  to  all 
the  members  of  our  Assembly;  and  in  his  replies  to  our  questions  gave 
also  very  appropriate  and  excellent  answers. 

If  in  this  business  anything  has  been  done  by  us,  which  is  not  within 
our  official  functions,  or  Christian  (Church)  Order,  we  humbly  and  frater- 
nally request  that  you  will  look  at  our  procedure  with  that  benevolent  dis- 
position, which  hopeth  all  things,  believeth  all  things,  endureth  all  things. 
Your  Reverences  are  well  aware  that  human  hearts  are  like  the  soil  of 


788  THE   MINISTRY. 

earth.  If  it  be  uncared  for,  and  lefl  uncultivated,  it  generally  produces 
nothing  else  than  briars  and  thorns.  If  a  grapevine  is  to  bear  good  fruit, 
no  labor  must  be  spared  upon  it.  And  in  the  particular  case  of  this  people, 
it  is  especially  necessary,  as  it  is  a  wild  country,  and  the  way  of  speaking 
is  apt  to  be  also  somewhat  rough.  The  manner  of  life  is  also  correspond- 
ingly corrupt.  The  opportunities  for  evil  are  also  manifold.  Of  these 
things,  the  commissioners  of  that  congregation  (New  Amstel,  or  New 
Castle,  Delaware)  have  frequently  and  sadly  told  us.  The  same  things 
we  also  occasionally  find  among  our  own  people. 

One  must  consider  also  the  inconvenience  of  the  winter  season  here; 
the  dangers  of  the  voyage,  if  the  candidate  should  seek  to  obtain  his  ad- 
vancement from  your  Reverences ;  the  embarrassments  of  the  congrega- 
tion by  the  long  delay.  For  that  congregation  now  numbers  about  one 
hundred  and  sixty  or  more.  Then,  also,  the  impossibility  of  our  admin- 
istering the  Holy  Sacraments  there  during  the  interval  :  for  it  is  about 
forty  (Dutch)  miles  (one  hundred  and  twenty  English  miles)  distant  from 
here  (New  York);  and  our  presence  here  is  also  always  very  necessary. 
And  above  all,  consider  the  zeal,  as  well  as  the  order,  of  our  Worshipful, 
Honorable  Governor,  whom  it  would  not  be  safe  to  disobey.  Now.  all 
these  circumstances  and  reasons  have  induced  us  to  undertake  this  busi- 
ness, shaping  our  action  to  the  situation  in  which  we.  at  present,  find 
ourselves.  We  hoped  thereby  also  to  ward  off  further  evils  and  mi- for- 
tunes from  ourselves.  We  trust,  therefore,  that  your  Reverences  will 
please  to  pardon  us,  and  inform  us  thereof  by  letter  as  soon  as  oppor- 
tunity offers. 

Relying  thereon,  we  close  with  the  prayer  that  God.  the  Almighty,  may 
be  pleased  to  bless  your  counsels  both  in  the  Classis  and  the  churches,  as 
well  as  your  service-,  yourselves,  and  your  families. 

Gideon  Schaats.  Pastor  at  New  Albany,  President. 

W'n  iiki  \trs  van  Xikiw  exhuySEN,  Pa>tor  at  New  York.  Examiner. 

Casparus  Van  Zuuren,  Ecc.  on  Long  Island,  Scribe. 

Laurentius  Van  Gaasbeeck,  Kcc.  Esopiens.s. 
(No  date  :  but  Nov.,  1079.) 

(  l.ASSIS   OK   AMSTERDAM. 

Correspondence  from  America. 

(  \  "Minute.'"  made  by  some  party  unknown,  connected  with  the  call 
and  ordination  of  Domine  Peter  Tesschenmacker,  as  minister  of  the  church 
of  New  Castle,  on  the  South  River,  Delaware.     1679.) 

The  ministers  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Churches  were  invited  to  meet 
together  and  deliberate,  viz.,  Domine  Schaats.  ,,f  New  Albany,  Domine 
Van  Nieuwenhuysen,  of  New  York;  Domine  Van  Zuuren,  of  Long  Island, 
and  Domine  Van  Gaasbeeck,  of  Esopus. 

They  assembled  at  the  house  of  Domine  Van   Nieuwenhuysen  in   New 

York.     Domine  Van  Caasbeek,  not  having  yet  armed,  it   was  thought  best, 

aft.r    full    debate,    to  proceed    with    the    (examination  I,    at    the    request    of 

is.    Moll   and   Kphraim   Hermans,  delegates   from   the  congregation  of 


THE    MINISTRY.  7§9 

New  Castle ;  and  especially  at  the  request  of  his  Excellency,  the  Governor, 
who  had  furnished  the  above  delegates  with  a  letter. 

Hereupon  the  time  and  manner  of  the  examination  and  ordination  were 
fixed.  It  was  resolved  to  proceed,  after  nine  days,  viz.,  on  the  9th  of  Oc- 
tober, (1679).  Domine  Schaats  was  appointed  President  of  the  Ciassis; 
Domine  Van  Nieuwenhuysen,  examiner;  Domine  Van  Zuuren,  secretary, 
and  Domine  Van  Gaasbeeck,  adsessor.  It  was  also  resolved  that  Matt. 
5  :  20  should  be  assigned  as  the  subject  upon  which  the  candidate  should 
preach;  and  that  the  ordination  should  be  attended  by  the  Consistories  of 
the  above  churches. 

On  the  day  appointed,  Thursday,  all  the  members  were  present.  The 
above-named  delegates  were  asked  whether  Mr.  Tesschenmacker  had  been 
freely  and  voluntarily  chosen  as  their  minister,  and  whether  they  desired 
he  should  be  ordained  as  such,  by  this  Assembly,  constituted  in  the  form 
of  a  Ciassis.  The  answer  was  yes.  On  the  other  hand,  Domine  Tesschen- 
macker was  asked  whether  he  was  satisfied  with  the  conditions  requested 
of  him  in  relation  to  the  service,  and  purposed  to  fulfill  them  faithfully. 
He  declared  his  good  intentions,  answering  yes. 

They  then  proceeded  to  the  examination  of  Domine  Tesschenmacker. 
He  defended  against  objections,  and  explained  satisfactorily  to  all,  Matt. 
5 :  20.  In  his  examination  he  manifested  such  proficiency  in,  and  acquaint- 
ance with,  theology,  as  to  command  the  approbation  of  all  the  members. 
He  was  then  ordained  by  Domine  Van  Nieuwenhuysen  by  the  laying  on  of 
hands. 

After  some  days,  the  necessary  instructions  and  orders,  signed  by  all 
the  members,  were  handed  to  the  person  ordained.  Those  agreed  with  the 
instructions  of  the  Ciassis  of  Amsterdam,  and  the  Rules  of  Church  Gov- 
ernment of  the  Synod  of  Dort.  It  was  also  stipulated  that  as  the  minis- 
ters here  who  ordained  Domine  Tesschenmacker,  recognized  their  de- 
pendence upon  the  Ciassis  of  Amsterdam,  and  felt  themselves  bound  faith- 
fully to  correspond  with  that  Ciassis  in  all  special  circumstances ;  so  also 
Domine  Tesschenmacker  should  acknowledge  the  same  subordination,  and 
carry  on  correspondence. 

The  above  proceedings  were  transmitted  by  letter  to  the  Ciassis  of  Am- 
sterdam, with  the  order  and  authority  of  the  Governor  in  November 
following  (1679). 

The  following  action  appears  on  the  "Minutes  of  the  Ciassis  of  Am- 
sterdam" in  reference  to  this  ordination : 

ACTS  OF  THE  CLASSIS  OF  AMSTERDAM. 

Final  Examination  of  Rev.  Peter  Tesschcnmaker  in  New  Netherland. 

1680,  Jan.  29.  A  letter  from  New  Netherland  was  read  by  the  Deputies 
ad  res  Maritimas,  in  which  it  is  made  known  that  the  ministers  there,  by 
order  of  the  Governor  (Andros),  had  subjected  to  final  examination,  after 
the  manner  of  a  Classical  Assembly,  and  ordained  to  the  ministry,  the 
candidate,  Rev.  Peter  Tesschenmaker,  who  had  been  called  as  minister 
to  the  South  River.  It  was  resolved  that  the  Rev.  Deputati  aforesaid  shall 
write  to  them,  that  this   Assembly  is  pleased   to  be   satisfied  with   their 


79°  THE    MINISTRY. 

labors  in  this  particular  instance,  and  give  them  thanks  for  their  account 
thereof.  They  recommend  to  them,  however,  the  praiseworthy  corre- 
spondence with  this  Rev.  Classis,  and  the  maintenance  of  that  good  order 
customary  in  the  churches  of  the  Fatherland,     vii.  223.     xix.  196. 

The  following  letter  was  sent  in  reply : 

1680,  April  2.     The  Classis  of  Amsterdam   to   the  Dutch   Ministers  in 
America,     xxvii.  137. 
Most  Worthy  and  Reverend  Brethren  and  Co-laborers: — 

Having  further  considered  the  occurrence  of  the  appointment  of  the  Rev. 
Tesschenmaker  as  pastor  on  the  South  River,  we  cannot  judge  otherwise 
than  that  your  Reverences  have  acted  legally,  wisely  and  well  in  that  mat- 
ter, even  as  the  present  need  and  service  of  the  church  demanded.  We 
cordially  and  fully  assent  to  all  that  was  done,  and  gratefully  acknowl- 
edge that  the  same  has  been  communicated  to  us  so  circumstantially, 
clearly  and  with  so  well-cut  a  quill.  We  heartily  desire  that  the  com- 
mendable correspondence  may  continue,  and  that  all  the  excellent  orders, 
customary  in  our  Fatherland  churches,  may  be  fully  observed,  unto  greater 
unity  and  the  best  interests  of  God's  Church. 

Herewith,  Reverend  Brethren,  we  desire  the  blessing  of  the  Most  High 
upon  your  services,  yourselves  and  your  families.  May  he  spare  you,  with 
health  of  soul  and  body,  to  the  increase  of  hi-  dearly  bought  church,  and 
to  the  glory  of  His  great   Name;  while  we  remain. 

Your    Reverences,    Obedient     and    Affectionate    Brethren    and     Fellow- 
Laborers,  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.     In  the  name  of  all : 
Peter  Scha.v 

D;p.   ad  res  Maritimas,  p.  t.   Prseses. 
Zegeris  vax  Zan, 

Collegii   Dep.    ad    res    Maritimas.    p.    t.    Scriba. 
A.  Wolphus  Ducher, 

Dep.  ad  res  Maritimas. 
Amsterdam,   April   2,   1680. 

The  relations  of  Domine  Tesschenmaeker  and  the  church  of  South 
River,  largely  owing  to  the  dithculties  of  a  frontier  settlement,  were  not 
so  pleasant  as  might  be  desired.  In  two  or  three  years  he  earnestly  sought 
another  settlement,  preaching  on  Staten  Island,  at  Hackensack,  Bergen, 
and  elsewhere,  and  finally  settled  at  Schenectady  in  1682.  Nine  years  later 
he  was  one  of  the  victims  of  the  terrible  Indian  massacre  there. 

The  French  were  seeking  to  gain  control  of  the  Indian  trade,  and  had 
carefully  planned  the  capture  of  Albany  ami  New  York  from  the  Enj 
the  year  before.  The  plan  was  not  wholly  carried  out,  but  a  party  of 
French  and  Indians  left  Montreal,  and  proceeding  by  the  way  of  Lake 
Champlain,  intended  to  attack  Albany.  But  the  Indian  chiefs  not  con- 
senting, they  turned  off  toward  Schenectady.  They  gave  orders  that  Tess- 
chenmaeker's  life  should  be  spared,  on  account  of  the  information  they 
could  obtain  from  him.  But  his  house  was  not  known,  and  before  he  could 
be  personally  recognized,  he  was  slain,  and  his  house  and  papers  burned 


THE   MINISTRY.  791 

His  head  was  cloven  open,  and  his  body  burned  to  the  shoulder-blades. 
This  took  place  on  a  Saturday  night  at  midnight.  Sixty  persons  lost  their 
lives — "N.  Y.  Gen.  Entries,"  x.xxii.  61.  "Doc.  Hist.,"  i.  179-195;  iii.  583. 
"Col.  Hist.,"  iii.  458;  v.  458;  ix.  468.  "Broadhead's  N.  Y.,"  ii.  "R.D.C. 
Mag.,"  ii.  328  "Smith's  N  Y.,"  66,  116,  125.  "Centen.  Discs.,"  50.  "Dan- 
ker and  Sluyter's  Journal,"  in,  142,  160,  190,  222.  See  many  documents 
and  letters,  now  in  course  of  publication  by  the  State  of  New  York. 

Tetard,  Jean   Pierre    (French  Refd.),   b.   in   Switzerland,   1722;    (Charles- 
ton, S.  C.  1758-64,  in  the  Huguenot  Ch.  there)  ;  supplied  the  French 
Ch.    N.  Y.  C.    1764-6,  Fordham    and    New   Rochelle,   frequently,    1766- 
75 ;  appointed  French  interpreter  on  Gen.   Schuyler's  staff,  and  chap- 
lain  to  the   N.   Y.   forces,   with  major's  pay,  July  6,    1775 — going   to 
Canada ;  Professor  of  French  in  Columbia  College,  1783-7,  d. 
He  was  the  last  minister  in  the  old  Dutch  meeting-house  at  Fordham, 
which  was  built  1706. — "Doc.  Hist.,"  iii.  315.     "Watson's  Huguenots,"  87, 
88.    "Waldron's  Fordham."    See  also  "Collections  of  the   Huguenot  So- 
ciety." 

Te  Winkel,  John  William,  b.  at  Winterswyck,  Neths.,  Feb.  12,  1836;  H.C. 

66,  W.S.  69,  lie.   CI.   Holland;   Oostburg,   Wis.  69-71,   Holland,   Neb. 

71-5,  Abbe  Church,  Clymer  Village,  75-6,  Kalamazoo,   1st,  76-82,  East 

Williamson,  82-6,  Alto,  Wis.  86-8,  Fulton,  111.,  88-95,  Grand  Rapids, 

9th,  95-9,  Muscatine,  la.  99-1901,  d.  Nov.  6. 
He  came  to  America  in  1854  with  his  parents,  who  settled  at  Clymer, 
N.  Y.  He  was  among  the  first  students  of  Holland  Academy,  Hope  Col- 
lege and  the  Western  Seminary.  He  was  the  pioneer  Dutch  pastor  at  Hol- 
land, Neb.,  and  through  his  efforts  many  were  induced  to  settle  there, 
whereby  a  Reformed  Church  was  soon  established.  For  a  while,  many  of 
the  new  settlers  were  obliged  to  live  in  "Dug-outs,"  and  experienced  many 
of  the  privations  and  discomforts  of  early  life  on  the  prairies ;  but  through 
the  efficient  leadership  of  their  pastor,  a  substantial  church  and  parsonage 
were  erected,  and  the  congregation  is  now  strong  and  flourishing.  He 
was  an  acceptable  preacher,  and  richly  blessed  in  all  his  pastorates.  He 
was  one  of  the  special  friends  of  Missions.  He  loved  the  young  especially, 
and  was  always  a  consistent  and  enthusiastic  servant  of  Christ. 

Publications  :    A  frequent  contributor  to  the  "Volksvriend"  under  the 
nom  de  plume  of  "Clericus." 

Thatcher,  Chs.  O.,  b.  Amsterdam,  N.  Y.  1842;  U.C.  64,  P.S.  67;  Chit- 
tenango,  80-7.    Other  details,  see  "P.  Sem.  Cat." 

Thavamani,  Erskine  (Hindoo),  Arcot  Sem.  1892,  lie.  CI.  Arcot;  evan- 
gelist in  India,  1892-1901,  pastor,  Palmaner,  1901 

Theilken,  John  G.     H.C.  1896,  W.S   99;  Wellsburg,  la.  1S99 

Thomas,  Benjamin  (Hindoo),  Arcot  Sem.  1896,  lie.  CI.  Arcot;  evangelist 
in  India,  1896-1901,  pastor,  Katpadi  and  Kottapalli,   1901 

Thomas,  Eugene  Ellis,  b.  North  Attleboro',  Mass.  Jan.  7,  1851 ;  Brown 
University,  70,  Newton  Theolog.  Inst.  73;  lie.  by  Baptist  Ch.,  N.  Attle- 
boro',  70;   ord.   by   Merrimack   River  Assoc.  73;    (North   Tewksbury, 


792 


THE    iMIMSTRY. 


Mass.  73<>.  Woonsocket,  R.  I.  76-84,  Newburyport,  Mass.  84-8,  Nyack, 
N.  Y.,  Feb.  88-Nov.  89:  all  Baptist  chs.),    rarrytown,  2d.  N.Y.  89-94, 

Castleton,  N.Y.  1894 

Also  chaplain  Mass.  State  Almshouse,  73-6;  chairman  of  Bd.  of  Educa- 
tion, Tewksbury,  Mass.  74-6;  superintendent  of  Public  Schools,  Woon- 
socket, R.  I.  80-4;  member  of  R.  I.  House  of  Representatives,  80-2.  and  au- 
thor of  present  law  for  apportionment  of  Senators  and  Representative-  in 
that  State. 

Publications:  "Biographical  Cyc.  of  Rhode  Island,"  1881.  "Brown 
University  Hist.  Catalog.,"  1884.  "Gen.  Cat.  of  Newton  Theolog.  Sun." 
1899.  Author  of  "Future  Punishment."  1878.  "Woonsocket,  R.  I.,  School 
Reports,"  1880-4.  Ed.  of  "Woonsocket  1'atnot,"  daily  and  weekly  editions, 
1879-81. 

Thomas,  Moses,  b.  Barryville.   N.Y.   1845.  Wms.  Coll.  67,  U.S.  69;   Fish- 
kill,  1881-8.     Other  details,  see  "U.   Sem.   Gep.   Cat." 
Thomas,  Samuel  (Hindoo),  Arcot  Sem.  1898,  1.  CI.  Arcot ;  evangelist  m 

India,   1898 

Thompson,  Abram  (brother  of  John  B.  Thompson),  b.  Readington,  N.J., 
i8«;  R.C.  57,  N.B.S.  61,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia;  Miss,  at  Pella.  la.  62-8, 
Pella,  2d,  68-71,  S.S.  Pekin,  111.  71-2,  S.S.  Pella,  2d,  7-'-4.  Rector  of 
Rutgers  Coll.  Grammar  School,  74-6.  N.Y.C.,  Knox  Memorial  Chapel, 
77-1886,  d.  Sept.  18. 
He  taught  Latin  and  Greek  for  a  year  at  Holland  Academy.  Mich., 
between  his  college  and  seminary  course.  His  character  was  based  on  the 
thorough  ground  work  laid  in  his  early  home-training.  This  prepared  him 
for  his  life-work.  He  was  engaged  in  home-missionary  work  for  twenty- 
one  years.  He  possessed  an  amiable  and  pleasing  disposition,  ""by  which  he 
exerted  great  influence  for  good,  especially  among  the  young.  So  strong 
was  his  desire  for  the  salvation  of  those  under  his  charge,  that  if  no  oppor- 
tunity presented  itself  for  conversation  with  them,  he  would  plead  with 
them  by  letter.  He  was  led  to  devote  himself  to  the  ministry  by  a  peculiar 
circumstance.  He  was  attending  a  service  in  Holland,  .Mich.,  which  was 
conducted  in  the  Dutch  language,  which  he  did  not  then  understand.  But 
as  he  surveyed  the  large  congregation  and  thought  of  the  grand  opportu- 
nity afforded  the  preacher  for  doing  good  by  preaching  the  Gospel,  he 
then  and  there  decided,  God  willing,  to  devote  himself  to  the  same  blessed 
work.  Even  non-churchgoers  admired  him,  and  offered  to  help  sustain 
his  ministry  because  of  his  excellent  spirit,  and  influence  for  good  on  the 
community.  Said  Dr.  Chambers,  about  his  ministry  in  New  York:  "In 
preaching,  in  visiting  the  sick,  in  interesting  the  young,  in  Raining  the 
confidence  of  the  parents,  he  displayed  great  diligence  and  tact,  and  his 
labors  bore  constant  Fruit.  Bui  while  thus  active,  he  was  also  and  always 
a  student,  storing  his  mind  with  the  best  literature.  Not  only  did  he  retain 
the  Greek  and  Hebrew  acquired  in  his  seminary  course,  hut  he  also  became 
familiar  with  the  Dutch  language,  which  he  -poke  with  fluency  and  correct- 
ness, so  much  so,  that  more  th.au  once  during  the  disability  of  the  pastor 


THE    MINISTRY.  793 

of  the  Holland  Church,  he  supplied  his  place  with  great  acceptance."  See 
also  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1887.  432,  and  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  of  R.C," 
1887. 

Thompson,  Alexander  Ramsay,  b.  in  N.Y.C.,  Oct.  16,  1822;  N.Y.U.  36-8, 
R.C.  39-40,  N.Y.U.  41-2,  P.S.  45,  lie.  2d  Presbyt.  of  N.Y. ;  assist,  of 
Dr.  Brodhead,  Central  Ch.  Brooklyn,  45  ;  (assist,  of  Dr.  Thos.  Ma- 
cauly,  Astor  PI.  N.Y.C,  Presbyt.  45;  Morristown,  N.J.,  46-7),  Miss. 
Bedford,  Brooklyn,  47-8,  Tompkinsville,  48-51,  Stapleton,  51-9,  (S.S. 
Cong.  Ch.  Bridgeport,  Ct.  59-62),  21st  St.  N.Y.C.  62-73,  N.  Brooklyn, 
73-84.  also  Chaplain,  N.  Eng.  Hospital,  N.Y.C,  63-5,  Chaplain,  Roose- 
velt Hospital,  N.Y.C.  73-95,  d.  Feb.  7.     D.D.  by  N.Y.U.  1866. 

During  the  war  he  was  largely  instrumental  in  raising  a  regiment,  which 
he  served  as  Chaplain  for  one  year ;  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Chris- 
tian Commission,  and  also  assumed  the  charge  of  the  New  England  Sol- 
diers' Relief  Bureau  in  New  York.  Dr.  Thompson  was  remarkable  for 
high  mental  endowment,  a  vivacious  temperament  and  genial  disposition. 
He  was  brilliant  in  the  pulpit  and  on  the  platform.  His  attachment  to 
the  Reformed  Church  was  sincere  and  strong.  His  diction  as  a  writer  and 
speaker  was  instinct  with  beauty.  He  thought  in  poetry,  and  besides  writ- 
ing a  large  number  of  beautiful  hymns,  he  made  many  of  the  best  transla- 
tions we  have  from  the  Latin  and  Greek  hymns  of  the  early  ages.  The  in- 
tensity of  his  mind  was  fully  equaled  by  that  of  his  heart.  He  overflowed 
with  warmth.  His  nature  drew  every  one  to  him  at  once.  His  connection 
with  the  hospital  covered  a  period  of  about  twenty-two  years,  and  his  min- 
istry there  was  full  of  sympathy  and  help  for  the  multitude  of  afflicted 
ones  who  came  under  his  care  for  a  season.  During  the  last  eight  years 
of  his  life,  successive  losses  of  wife  and  relatives  left  him  almost  alone; 
and  in  some'of  his  work  at  different  times  he  passed  through  bitter  ex- 
periences. But  he  comported  himself  at  all  times  with  Christian  grace  and 
courage.  No  word  of  reproach  or  bitterness  accompanied  the  recollection 
of  these  trying  times.  During  the  last  year  of  his  life  he  suffered  acute 
physical  pain,  yet  continued  his  ministry  until  a  few  weeks  before  his 
death.  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1895,  211.  "Biog.  Notices  Grads.  R.C." 
1895,  9- 

Publications:  "Casting  Down  Imaginations":  a  Ser.  at  the  Opening 
of  Gen.  Syn.  1874.— "The  Points  of  Similarity  between  the  Struggle  for 
Independence  in  America  and  that  of  our  Holland  Ancestors."  In  "Cen- 
tennial Discs."  1876. — Translations  of  many  early  Latin  and  Greek  hymns. 
(His  daughter  has  published  a  volume  of  his  ballads  and  hymns.)  Many 
contributions  to  the  "S.  S.  Times." 
Thompson,  D.  R.     Fort  Miller.  1843. 

Thompson.  Elias  Wortman,  b.  Readington,  N.  J.,  March  31,  1866;  R.C. 
89,  N.B.S.  92,  lie.  CI.  Raritan;  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Talmage  Memorial 
Ch.  92-94,  Miss,  at  Havana,  111.,  95,  Philadelphia,  1st  (Assoc.  Pastor), 

95,  Paterson   (Broadway),  1896 

Thompson,  Henry  Post,  b.  in  Readington,  N.  J.,  Nov.  30,  1831 ;  R.C.  54; 


794  THE    MINISTRY. 

N.B.S.  57,  1.   CI.   Philadelphia;   Peapack,  57-73:   w.  c.     Died  Oct.  22, 
1891. 

A  child  of  grace,  of  kindly  disposition,  curreei  and  faithful  as  a  youth 
and  a  man,  an  acceptable  teacher  and  a  diligent  student,  he  endeared  him- 
self to  all  his  associates.  Of  excellent  judgment,  as  well  as  of  business 
qualifications,  he  was  the  counsellor  and  friend  of  his  people,  who  con- 
sulted him  in  all  their  affairs.  He  wrote  their  deeds  and  their  wills,  and 
advised  them  with  reference  to  the  things  of  this  life  while  doing  also  all 
the  work  of  a  pastor  among  them.  It  was  a  great  grief  to  him,  as  well  as 
to  them,  when  an  affection  of  the  spinal  cord  so  disabled  him  from  active 
service  that  he  was  obliged  to  resign  his  charge.  Returning  to  his  father's 
house  at  Readington,  he  dwelt  among  his  own  kin  until  he  entered  into 
rest. 

During  these  years,  however,  he  did  not  cease  his  activity  of  mind  or 
body.  Unable  to  walk,  he  drove  about  the  country  for  miles,  speaking  to 
one  and  another  of  the  grace  of  God,  and  beseeching  individuals  (for 
many  of  whom  he  had  been  long  praying)  to  yield  themselves  unto  Christ 
and  know  the  joy  of  fellowship  with  Him.  He  was  in  the  habit  of  writing 
upon  this  subject  to  those  with  whom  he  could  not  speak  face  to  face; 
and  he  had  the  satisfaction  of  knowing  that  many  were  thus  brought  into 
the  kingdom  during  these  years  of  enforced  retirement  from  the  more  ac- 
tive duties  of  the  ministry. 

He  regarded  himself  as  set  for  the  welfare  of  those  about  him  in  every  pos- 
sible way,  and,  with  this  intent,  became,  during  these  latter  years,  the  best 
farmer  in  the  vicinity,  sharing  the  results  of  his  study  and  experience  with 
his  neighbors.  At  the  request  of  the  professors  of  agriculture  in  the  State 
College  at  New  Brunswick,  he  conducted  scientific  experiments  upon  his 
farm.  He  also  wrote  hundred-  of  articles  upon  kindred  topics  for  the 
local  newspapers.  He  prepared  an  "Agricultural  Cathecism,"  and  a  "Cate- 
chism on  Moral  Science"  for  use  in  the  publ  of  which  re- 
main in  manuscript. 

Before  going  to  college  he  had  had  experience  as  a  teacher,  and  while  a 
pastor  he  prepared  several  young  men  tor  college.  But  his  best  work  was 
his  life-long  example  of  cheerful  piety.    During  thi  of  feebleness,  as 

during  the  years  of  vigor,  he  was  always  the  same  bright  and  trusting 
Christian;  never  murmuring,  never  complaining,  always  testifying  to  the 
goodness  of  God  and  the  faithfulness  of  Christ. 

See  obituary  notice  in  ''The  Sow<  .   1891. — Also  "Autobiography, 

appended  to  Hist.  Ch.  of  Peapack." — Also  "Dr.  Murray's  Hist,  of  Educa- 
tion in  X.  J.,"  iSq>j.  pp.  143-4-  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.."  1892,  652.—  "Biog. 
Notices  of  Grads.  R.C.,"  1892,  31. 

Publications:  A  sermon  in  memoriam,  Abraham  Lincoln,  1866. — 
Funeral  sermon  of  Rev.  Dr.  John  Van  Liew,  1869. — "Lessons  on  the  Gos- 
pel." in  "S.  S.  Times."  July-Dec.  1871 — "Incidents  of  Christian  Work," 
1876. — "History  of  the  Reformed  Church  of  Peapack."  1881. — "History  of 
the  Reformed  Church  of  Readington,"  1882. — "History  of  the  Reformed 
Church  of  Bedminster,"  1884.— Many  contributions  to  "The  Sower," 
"Christian   at  Work."   "Advance,"   "Occident,"  and    New  Jersey   papers. 


THE   MINISTRY.  795 

Thompson,  John  Bodine,  b.  in  Readington,  N.  J.,  Oct.  14,  1830;  R.C.  51, 
teacher,  and  agent  of  N.  J.  Teachers'  Assoc.  51-7,  N.B.S.  58,  lie.  CI. 
Philadelphia ;  Resident  Graduate,  58-9 ;  Methuchen,  59-66,  Tarrytown, 
1st,  66-9,  Saugerties,  69-71,  (Free  Church,  Italy,  71-3),  Peekskill  and 
Courtlandtown,  73-4,  Catskill,  74-84,  (1st  Presbyt.  Ch.  Berkeley,  Cal. 
84-8;  also  Professor  in  Theolog.  Sem.,  San  Francisco,  and  editor  of 
"Occident"  of  that  city;  Inverness,  Cal.  89,  S.  S.  of  churches  in  Tren- 
ton, 90-1),  Highland  Park,  91-6,  w.  c. 

He  was  prominent  in  the  Educational  Revival  in  New  Jersey,  which 
began  about  1850.  During  three  years  he  traveled  throughout  the  State, 
holding  Teachers'  Institutes  and  pleading  in  behalf  of  Normal  Schools. 
He  was  made  Chairman  of  the  Synod's  Committee  to  provide  Hymn  Books 
for  public  and  social  worship,  and  the  book  thus  prepared,  called  "Chris- 
tian Praise,"  has  had  a  very  large  circulation  throughout  the  churches.  He 
spent  two  years,  1871-3,  in  Italy,  and  cast  in  his  lot  with  the  new  evangeli- 
cal church  (Chiesa  Libera  Iialiana)  which  was  then  arising,  and  of  which 
the  famous  orator,  Alessandro  Gavazzi,  was  the  principal  evangelist.  With 
him  he  twice  made  the  tour  of  the  United  States,  visiting  churches  in 
almost  every  State  of  the  Union.  By  these  efforts,  about  $50,000  were  raised 
for  evangelical  work  in  Italy.  Declining  an  invitation  of  the  Board  of 
Foreign  Missions  to  take  a  professorship  in  Japan,  he  entered  on  his  pas- 
torate at  Catskill,  where  his  most  effective  ministerial  work  was  dnne. 
While  serving  the  Berkeley  Church  in  California,  he  was,  for  a  time,  the 
editor  of  "The  Occident,"  the  Presbyterian  paper  of  the  Pacific  coast,  and 
also  a  professor  in  the  Presbyterian  Theological  Seminary  of  San  Fran- 
cisco. In  1888-9  he  again  visited  Italy,  and  upon  returning  to  California, 
he  spent  a  year  in  laying  out  and  establishing  the  Presbyterian  Summer 
Resort  at  Inverness,  a  name  given  to  it  by  Dr.  Thompson.  He  has  long 
been  an  earnest  student  of  Philosophy,  and  in  his  sermons  and  addresses 
has  endeavored  to  present  old  truths  in  their  proper  relations  to  new  facts. 
He  is  an  advocate  of  the  restatement  of  Christian  doctrine  on  a  trini- 
tarian  plan. — See  also  Dr..  M.  Cohen  Stuart's  "Zes  Maanden  in  Amerika," 
Vol.  ii.  pp.  66-74;  and  Dr.  David  Murray's  "Hist,  of  Education  in  New 
Jersey,"  pages  107-198. 

Publications:  Educational  Articles,  Poems,  Letters  of  Travel,  and 
other  fugitive  pieces  in  New  Jersey  papers  and  "N  Y  Times,"  1847-57. — 
"Heart-fancies,  etc.,  by  H.  Heartwell,"  in  "Boston  Carpet  Bag,"  1851-2. 
— "Teachers'  Institutes",  in  report  of  New  Jersey  Superintendent  of  Pub- 
lic Schools,  1857.— "The  Abrabamic  Covenant,"  "The  Life  of  Trust,"  and 
"Our  Country,"  in  Dr.  Berg's  "Ev.  Quart.,"  1860-1.— "Signs  of  Prom- 
ise," a  Thanksgiving  Discourse,  1864. — "Church  Manual,"  (Liturgy,  and 
Record  of  the  1st  Church  of  Tarrytown),  1867.  Second  edition,  enlarged, 
for  the  Church  at  New  Haven,  1868. — "My  Religion,  by  a  Modern  Min- 
ister," in  the  "Round  Table,"  during  1868. — "Jean  Ingelow,"  "Creation," 
"Antediluvianism,"  "Samson  the  Sunny,"  "Jeptha  the  Guerilla  Chieftain," 
"Inspiration,"  "Views  of  the  Atonement,"  "Immanuel,"  "Public  Praise," 
"A  Word  to  the  Clergy,"  "A  Conversation  in  the  Cars,"  "My  Life,"  etc., 


796  '  THE    MINISTRY. 

in  "Good  News,"  1868. — "Development,"  a  Thanksgiving  Discourse,  1868. 
— Report  on  Hyninology,  in  "Min.  of  Gen.  Synod,"  1869. — Hymns  of  the 
Church  (with  Rev.  Drs.  A.  G.  Vermilye,  A.  R.  Thompson,  and  Z.  Eddy), 
1869. — Hymns  of  Prayer  and  Praise  (with  Rev.  Drs.  A.  G.  Vermilye  and 
A.  R.  Thompson),  1870. — Christian  Praise,  Hymns  and  Tunes  for  Public 
Worship  (with  William  H.  Piatt,  M.A.),  1870. — Lessons  on  the  Gospels 
(a  two  years'  course  with  Rev  H.  P.  Thompson),  1870-71. — Christian 
Praise  for  Baptist  Churches  (with  \Y.  II.  Piatt,  M.A.,  and  Rev.  C.  D.  \V. 
Bridgeman,  D.D.),  (copies  in  large  paper),  1S72. — "Christian  Work  in 
Italy,"  Nos.  I.,  II.,  1872-3. — "In  Memoriam,  Goodwin  Ensign."  1876. — 
"The  Centennial  Exposition,"  an  Index  of  the  Progress  of  the  Race  God- 
ward,  1876. — "The  Immovable  Attachment  of  the  R.C.A.  to  its  own  Heir- 
looms of  Faith  and  Order,"  in  "Centennial  Discourses,"  1876. — "In  Mem- 
ory of  John  Alsop  Greene,"  1877. — "The  Christology  of  St.  John,"  a  ser- 
mon before  General  Synod,  1877. — "The  Doubter,"  (a  tract),  Presbyt. 
Board  of  Pub.,  1878. — "The  Domine's  Letters"  in  the  "Christian  In- 
telligencer." 187S. — "Catechesis,"  in  the  'Sower,"  1879-..,  with  other 
articles  in  the  "Advance."  "Interior."  "Christian  Union,"  "Christian  at 
Work,"  "N.  Y.  Observer,"  "N.  Y.  Evangelist,"  "Presbyterian,"  "S.  S. 
Times,"  etc.,  etc. 

"Annual  Report  of  the  Consistory  of  1st  Reformed  Ch.  Tarrytown," 
1868. — "The  Order  of  Public  Worship." — "Biog.  Sermon  on  Rev.  John 
H.  Salisbury." — "In  Memoriam:  Clarence  F.  Aitkin,"  1890. — "In  Memo- 
riam: Mary  Shelman  Beach,"  1S90. — "Concio  ad  Clerum  :  The  Fulness 
of  Christ";  before  Presbytery  of  San  Francisco,  Cal.  1887. — "In  Memory 
of  President  Garfield."  [881— Thanksgiving  Discourse,  Catskill,  1881  — 
"Biblical  Theories  of  the  Work  of  Christ  for  His  People":  a  paper  be- 
fore Pastors'  Assoc.  1892. — Thanksgiving  Sermon,  Highland  Park,  N.J. 
1891. —  Paper  on  L'lrich  Zwingli. — Address  on  Church  History;  at  150th 
Anniversary  of  Chs.of  Caatsban  and  Saugerties,  1X80. — "Progress  in  Theol- 
ogy": a  paper  before  Ministerial  Association  R.C.A.  1892. — "University 
Extension." — "John  Thompson  and  Family,  (17,^0-1778),"  iS8q. — "A  Jer- 
sey Woman  of  the  18th  Century." — Address  at  Clover  Hill,  N.  J.,  Aug. 
2,  1894,  on  "Red  Clover." — Address  at  the  Corner-Stone  Laying  of  1st 
Refd.  Ch.  at  Somerville,  X  J..  [806. — An  address  on  the  Readington  Ne- 
groes, 1894.— "The  Theology  of  St.  John,"  1884.— "The  Notion  of  God 
which  should  underlie  a  Confession  of  Faith";  Reprinted  from  "Chris- 
tian Thought." — "The  Believer's  Sanctification" ;  Reprinted  from  "Chris- 
tian Thought." — "The  Organic  Life  of  the  Republic":  a  Thanksgiving 
Discourse,  New  Brunswick,  X.  ]..  [892.— "The  Evolution  of  the  Ameri- 
can College,"  1894.— Address  at  the  Bi-Centennial  of  the  Old  Dutch 
Church  of  Sleepy  Hollow,  1897.— "The  Middle  of  the  Century":  in  Dr. 
David  Murray's  "History  of  Education  in  X.  J.."  [899.— Address  to  the 
Assembled   Schools  of  Readington  Township,    [899. 

"Ad  Clerum:  The  Other  Paraclete";  Sermon  before  General  Synod,  as 
president,  June,  1897. — Manuals  of  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Berkeley, 
Cal..  1885,  1886,  1887,  1888.— Curriculum  for  the  College  of  California, 
1887.— "In    Memoriam:     Caroline    Imlay   Sloan,"    iSuo. — Thanksgiving  Ser- 


THE   MINISTRY.  797 

mon  at  Highland  Park,  1891  —  "University  Extension":  In  "Library  Jour- 
nal." 1893.— Address  at  the  Re-union  of  the  Albertson-Aten  Families.  1898. 
Note.— The  Bibliography  of  Dr.  J.  B.  Thompson,  carefully  prepared  and 
typewritten,  was  found  to  be  missing  at  the  last  moment.  Hence  the  lack 
of  order  in  these  hastily  gathered  items  of  the  latter  half  of  this  Bibliog- 
raphy. 

Thompson,  John  Heary  (son  of  Abram  Thompson),  b.  at  Pella,  la..  Feb. 

20,   1873;  R.  C.  94;  N.B.S.  94-95.  U.T.S.  95-97-  assist,  pastor.   Presb. 

Irvington,  N.Y.  1896-7.     B.D.  by  U.T.S.  1897.     In  business. 
Thompson,  William,  b.  June  t,   1813 :  R.C.  41 J   N.B.S.  44;   Stone  House 

Plains,  45-46,   d.     See  Manual  of   1879. 
Thompson,  William  J.,  b.  in  Readington,   N.J.,  March  8,  1812 ;  R.C.  34; 

tutor  in  Ancient  Langs,  in  R.C.  38-41  :  N.B.S.  41  ;  Ponds  and  Wyckoff, 

42-5;  Rector  of  R.C.  Grammar   School.   46-62;    Principal   of  Classical 

Institute,  Somerville,  N.J.,  65-67,  d. 
He  was  a  grandson  of  the  Scotch  immigrant,  John  Thomson,  who  was 
"killed  &  scalped  by  Ye  Tory  and  Indians,"  near  Williamsport,  Penn. 
(See  "Penn.  Archives,"  vol.  vi.  p.  509.)  The  widow,  Judah  Bodine,  and 
only  child,  John,  returned  immediately  to  Readington,  N.  J.,  where  the  son 
became,  in  due  time,  judge  of  the  county  court.  After  him.  his  son 
William  was  commonly  called  "The  Judge"  by  his  college  associates, 
though  better  known  to  their  successors  as  "The  Tutor,"  from  having 
held  this  position  in  R.C.  while  studying  theology.  It  was  largely  through 
his  interest  that  the  three  elder  children  of  his  brother  Joseph  became 
ministers.  (Thompsons,  John  Bodine,  Henry  Post,  and  Abraham.) 
When  four  years  of  age  he  suffered  from  paralysis,  which  left  his  right 
arm  and  side  to  a  great  degree  helpless  ever  after.  Three  months  before 
graduating  from  college  he  was  invited  to  succeed  his  former  teacher, 
John  Walsh,  in  the  charge  of  the  classical  school  at  Somerville,  which, 
with  the  assurance  of  the  faculty  of  the  college  that  he  should  graduate 
with  his  class,  he  accepted.  Here,  as  also  at  Millstone,  where  he  after- 
ward taught,  he  gained  an  enviable  reputation  for  thoroughness  as  a 
scholar  and  teacher,  and  formed  friendships  which  were  continued  to  the 
end  of  life. 

While  at  Millstone,  in  1837.  he  became  a  subject  of  divine  grace,  and 
immediately  after  began  his  preparations  for  the  gospel  ministry.  As  a 
preacher,  he  was  characterized  as  having  clear  conceptions  of  truth,  logi- 
cal accuracy  of  statement,  and  vigorous  thought,  expressed  in  no  common- 
place words  or  phrases.  He  was  a  full  and  exact  scholar.  He  had  the  art 
of  inciting  his  pupils  to  study.  He  had  enjoyed  very  ample  opportunities 
for  broadening  the  foundations  of  his  knowledge.  With  a  warm  heart, 
capacious  and  active  brain,  and  an  innate  nobility  of  spirit,  he  never  could 
be  settled  into  any  cast-iron  groove  of  cold,  pulseless  surrender  to  a  formal 
and  perfunctory  discharge  of  routine  duties.  Firm  and  authoritative,  in- 
deed sometimes  to  the  verge  of  severity,  still  he  was  magnanimous,  self- 
sacrificing — with  not  a  bit  of  the  pedant  or  pedagogue  in  his  composition. 
Blond,    blue-eyed,    ruddy,   of   nervo-sanguineous    temperament,    he   had    a 


7p8  THE    MINISTRY. 

most  attractive  face — though  not  handsome— and  a  right  princely  bearing, 
which  asserted  the  regnant  force  of  the  great  soul  within  him.  He  was 
a  born  teacher.  He  knew  how  to  translate  crabbed  mathematical  problems 
into  a  species  of  epic  eloquence;  to  make  Latin  and  Greek  texts  disclose 
the  honeyed  sweetness  of  Hymettus,  while  Plato's  bees  seemed  to  repose 
as  at  home  upon  his  lips,  when  with  his  fervent  and  never-flagging  enthusi- 
asm he  commended  to  his  pupils  some  striking  beauties  in  the  pages  of 
classic  writers.  The  boys  who  loved  books  and  hard  study  found  in  him 
a  friend  and  benefactor,  who  aroused  them  to  diligence  in  their  studies, 
not  by  promising  them  that  they  were  to  be  Presidents,  Governors,  or 
Senators,  but  by  awakening  in  them  a  hunger  and  thirst  for  the  higher 
orders  of  knowledge 

See  Dr.  David  Murray's  "Hist,  of  Education  in  N.  J.,"  pages  130-1. 

Thorns,  J.  F.     1875. 

Thoiimix,  John   A..  ]>.  at   Xew  Kingston.  Delaware  Co.,  N.Y.  ;  R.C.  1884, 

N.B.S.  87,  lie.  by  CI.  N.B. ;   Sprakers  and  Stone  Arabia,  87-91,  East 

Palatine,  91-94.  Mapleton,   1894 

Thomson,  Frederick  Bordine,  b.  at  New  Brunswick,  N.J.,  Nov.  5.   1809; 

R.C.  1831;  N.B.S.  1834;  Upper  Red  Hook,  1834-36;  Agt.  Bd.  of  Miss. 

1836-37;  S.S.  at  Holmdel,  1837-8;  voyage  to  Singapore,  May  25-Sept. 

7,  1838;  Singapore,  1838-9,  Batavia.  Java,  Oct.  2,  1839-41:  Karangan, 

Borneo,  Feb.  4,  1842-6 ;  voyage  to  Europe,  1847 ;  at  Berne,  Switzerland, 

1847-8,  d.  March  3. 

While  quite  young,  he  became  religiously  impressed;  and  when  more 
matured,  these  feelings  were  so  quickened  under  the  preaching  of  the  Rev. 
Isaac  Ferris,  as  to  encourage  a  formal  profession  of  faith,  which  was  car- 
ried into  effect  when  the  Rev.  James  B.  llardenbergh  assumed  the  pas- 
torate of  the  1st  Ref.  Ch.  of  New  Brunswick.  In  his  address  at  the  one 
hundred  and  fiftieth  anniversary  of  that  church.  Dr.  Ferris  says:  '"'After 
my  ministry  terminated,  it  overwhelmed  me  to  hear  .from  .the  precious  man 
and  devoted  missionary,  Frederick  B.  Thomson,  that  the  word  of  my  lips 
had  been  made  the  word  of  life  to  his  soul." 

His  mental  aptitude,  displayed  at  catechetical  exercises,  so  won  the  at- 
tention of  Dr.  Hardenbergh,  that  he  persuaded  young  Thomson  to  direct 
his  attention  to  the  ministry.  In  college,  his  scholarship  secured  the  Latin 
salutatory.  While  in  the  seminary,  the  subject  of  missions  greatly  engaged 
his  attention  ;  and  subsequent  years  so  confirmed  his  convictions  of  duty 
in  the  matter,  that  a  pleasant  ministerial  charge  was  resigned,  in  order  to 
enter  upon  his  great  life-work. 

The  financial  embarrassment  of  1837  so  affected  the  missionary  enter- 
prises of  the  day,  that  after  his  acceptance  by  the  Board,  his  departure 
was  delayed  nearly  two  years.  This  time,  however,  was  employed  in  min- 
isterial labors  at  Holmdel.  N.  J.,  and  in  exciting  a  missionary  interest  in 
the  churches  by  personal  visitations.  The  long  interval  which  passed  be- 
tween the  landing  at  Singapore,  and  the  final  settlement  at  Karangan, 
was  employed  in  complying  with  the  requisition  of  a  year's  residence  at 
Batavia,   imposed   by   the   government    of    Wtberland    India   upon   all   our 


THE    MINISTRY.  799 

missionaries  who  contemplated  laboring  in  districts  subject  to  the  juris- 
diction of  Holland,  and  in  explorations  in  Borneo,  with  a  view  of  ascer- 
taining the  most  suitable  location  for  the  proposed  mission.  During  the 
compulsory  residence  at  Batavia,  he  experienced  the  first  of  his  many 
afflictions,  in  the  death  of  his  devoted  wife— daughter  of  Nicholas  Wyckoff, 
of  New  Brunswick— "who  left  behind  her,'-  says  a  late  writer,  "a  savor 
of  meek,  unobtrusive  piety,  and  an  example  of  Christian  energy  and 
efficiency  which  finds  but  few  equals  at  the  present  day." 

In  the  settlement  at  Karangan,  in  company  with  Youngblood  and  Steele, 
he  went  forth  to  the  labors,  the  joys,  and  the  sacrifices  of  a  missionary 
career.  While  here  died  his  second  wife,  Emma  Cecilia  Combe,  "a  most 
estimable  Swiss  lady,  of  eminent  piety,  who  was  sent  forth  to  labor  in  the 
East,  by  the  Female  Missionary  Society  of  Geneva." 

The  incessant  labors  of  Mr.  Thomson  gradually  impaired  his  health,  and 
in  one  of  his  missionary  tours  he  first  discovered  symptoms  of  the  dis- 
ease which  finally  ended  his  life.  His  weakening  strength,  as  well  as  the 
necessities  of  his  motherless  children,  required  a  visit  to  America  by  way 
of  Europe.  During  the  passage,  his  disease  rapidly  developed,  and  not 
long  after  his  arrival  at  Berne  he  died,  in  the  39th  year  of  his  age.  His 
sepulchre  lies  in  the  shadow  of  the  Alps,  marked  with  a  plain  marble  tab- 
let, although  it  was  his  heart's  desire  that  Borneo  should  hold  his  ashes. 
Says  he:  "Here  would  I  die,  and  here  be  buried  in  view  of  the  people, 
that  they  might  never  forget  that  a  teacher  had  been  among  them." 

Says  his  biographer  in  the  "American  Missionary  Memorial":  "As  a 
missionary,  Mr.  Thomson  was  prudent,  enterprising,  and  persevering.  The 
whole  Church  had  the  utmost  confidence  in  him."  This  statement  is  only 
a  reiteration  of  Dr.  De  Witt,  of  the  Collegiate  Church,  when  he  says: 
"Mr.  Thomson  is  a  tried  and  much-approved  missionary,  who  has  com- 
mended himself  greatly  through  his  whole  course."  Continues  his  bi- 
ographer :  "We  are  amazed  at  his  industry  and  perseverance.  His  Dyak 
Vocabulary,  his  translations,  and  the  large  mass  of  manuscript  he  has  left 
behind,  attest  his  toil.  Had  he  lived,  he  would  have  completed  an  im- 
portant work  on  the  'Economy  of  Missions.'  the  material  for  which  he  had 
left  behind." 

A  careful  perusal  of  the  ample  journal  left  by  Mr.  Thomson  induces  the 
conviction  that  pre-eminently  his  great  leading  characteristic  was  loyal 
devotion  to  his  life-work.  This  it  was  that  crystallized  into  a  more  per- 
fect form  and  beautiful  symmetry  his  moral  and  intellectual  nature,  and 
even  impressed  upon  his  personal  exterior  a  graveness  to  which  mirth 
was  a  stranger.  In  wending  his  way  through  the  jungles  and  marshes  of 
Borneo,  this  sustained  his  drooping  form  in  the  far-extended  midnight 
teachings.  This  animated  him  in  forming  to  Dyak  utterances  the  beauti- 
ful sentiments  of  our  most  familiar  hymns.  It  was  this  that  caused  him 
to  rejoice  amid  afflictions,  in  the  prospect  of  a  fuller  consecration  evoked 
by  their  fiery  ministry.  Referring  to  the  death  of  his  wife,  and  the  break- 
ing up  of  his  household,  he  writes  :  "Truly  the  Lord  sees  it  necessary  to 
pour  me  from  vessel  to  vessel,  lest  I  should  settle  upon  my  lees."  This 
gave  strength  to  his  weakened  hand,  when  almost  upon  the  last  page  of 


800  THE    MINISTRY. 

his  journal  he  wrote:  "O  Borneo!  how  all  my  fond  affection?  ami  desires 
for  thee  revive.  .May  I  yet  live  and  labor  more  faithfully  and  prayerfully 
for  thee.  Thus  life  would  be  indeed  a  boon."  And  when  his  sainted  form 
was  -inking  in  death,  this  directed  the  delirium  of  fever  in  earnest  advo- 
cacy before  that  Board  which  commissioned  him  to  his  missionary  work. 

Writes  the  biographer  already  alluded  to:  "He  fell  at  the  prime  of  his 
life,  and  just  at  the  time  when  his  great  usefulness  became  apparent,  and  at 
a  peculiar  crisis  when  the  Church  most  needed  his  labors.  Had  he  lived  to 
the  ordinary  age  of  man,  he  would  undoubtedly  have  >tood  among  the  very 
first  missionaries  of  the  presenl  day.  When  the  new-  of  his  death  reached 
America,  the  whole  Church  was  bowed  in  grief. 

But  surely  the  Church  did  not  mourn  his  death  as  untimely;  it  was  not. 
Thomson  had  completed  his  work:  and  if  his  tentative  efforts  pointed  the 
Church  of  his  love  to  her  more  immediate  field  of  missionary  enterprise 
in  China  and  Japan,  then  these  widening  circle-  of  efficient  activity  pro- 
claim that  In-  task,  with  that  of  hi-  worthy  compeers,  was  a  glorious  one, 
and  in  it-  essaying  sphere,  a  most  completed  one. — Rev.  W.  N.  Oliver. 

He  was  a  grandson  of  Archibald  Thompson  (believed  to  be  of  Scottish 
birth),  who,  August  10.  1 74 r .  became  a  communicant  in  the  Dutch  church 
.ii  New  Brunswick,  where  he  married,  first.  Coba  Schureman,  by  whom  he 
had  three  children.  John.  George,  and  Peter.  More  than  a  dozen  of  "Capt. 
John's"  descendants  have  been  ministers  or  minister-'  wives.  (Ten  Eyck. 
Conrad.)  Archibald  Thompson's  second  wife  was  Elizabeth  Stryker, 
cousin  of  Rev.  Peter  Stryker.  (Stryker,  Peter.)  Their  only  daughter, 
Jane,  died  unmarried:  and  their  only  son,  Archibald  A.,  married  Maria 
Bordine.  They  had  seven  children,  of  whom  the  sixth  1-  the  subject  of 
tin-    sketch. 

It  was  evident  at  an  early  age  that  lie  had  inherited  the  virtues  ot  his 
ancestor-,  hi-  very  childhood  giving  promise  of  that  persevering  industry 
and  persistent  piety  which  characterized  his  life.  He  became  a  communi- 
cant at  seventeen  and  a  pa-tor  at  twenty-five,  fie  married  (October  1. 
[834)  Catharine,  elde-t  daughter  of  Nicholas  Wyckoff,  of  his  native  city, 
and  was  ordained  and  installed  November  i_\  next  ensuing,  Hut  the  kind- 
ness of  In-  people,  among  whom  he  had  many  testimonies  to  the  etliciency 
of  his  labors,  could  not  quiet  his  anxiety  for  the  heathen.  "At  last,"  he 
write-.  "I  was  brought  to  the  firm  conviction  that  Cod  had  -aid  to  me,  in 
language  too  plain  to  he  mi-taken,  'Depart,  for  I  will  -end  thee  far  hence 
to  the  Gentiles'"  ....  With  his  wife  and  child,  in  company  with 
Rev.  W.  J.  Pohlman  and  wife  (  Pohlman  ).  and  other  missionaries,  he 
-ailed  from  New  York,  and  reached  Singapore  after  a  voyage  of  one  hun- 
dred and  five  day-.  Here  he  took  up  his  residence  with  Rev.  E.  Doty 
(Doty),  and  began  at  once  the  study  of  the  Malay  language,  \fter  a 
vain  attempt  to  secure  a  suspension  of  the  Dutch  law  requiring  mission- 
aries for  Borneo  to  spend,  first,  a  year  at  Batavia,  he  reached  that  city  with 
his  family,  October  _\  [839,  the  fifth  anniversary  of  his  marriage,  to  which 
he  make-  fond  allusion  in  his  diary,  all  unconscious  of  what  was  to  come. 
Six  week-  later.  November  16,  his  devoted  wife  was  called  to  her  rest. 
She  sleeps  beneath  a  monument  sent  out  from  her  New  Jersey  home.  Grief 


THE    MINISTRY.  801 

and  the  care  of  his  two  motherless  children  occupied  his  time,  but  did  not 
withdraw  his  thoughts  from  his  work.  November  9,  1840,  he  married 
Emma  Cecilia  Combe,  a  Swiss  ladv  of  eminent  piety,  a  missionary  of  the 
well-known  "Geneva  Society,"  who  had  a  Christian  school  at  Batavia.  He 
joined  himself  to  her  work,  and  continued  his  labor  at  the  language,  and 
in  distributing  tracts  and  holding  conversations  in  the  market-place,  until 
notified  by  the  authorities  to  depart  for  Borneo.  He  arrived  at  Poncianak, 
in  that  island,  February  4,  1842.  and  took  up  his  residence  there  with  Rev. 
Wm.  Youngblood.  (Youngblood.)  The  same  year  he  began  the  inland 
mission  at  Karangan,  on  the  Landak,  one  hundred  and  forty  miles  by  river 
from  Pontianak.  After  innumerable  hardships  and  delays,  performing 
much  of  the  labor  with  his  own  hands,  he  succeeded  in  securing  a  roof- 
tree  under  which  he  gathered  his  little  family  in  one  room.  January  18, 
1843.  Two  months  later  they  were  joined  by  Mr.  Youngblood  and  family, 
and  afterward  by  Rev.  W.  H.  Steele.  Here  the  principal  work  of  his  life 
was  accomplished  in  the  preparation  of  Dyak  books,  and  id  doing  the  work 
of  an  evangelist  at  the  station  and  in  the  various  settlements.  Well  might 
he  be  called  "Untiring  Thomson."  Rev.  Dr.  R.  B.  Anderson,  Secretary 
of  the  American  Board,  told  Rev.  Dr.  Cannon  that  he  was  the  most  effi- 
cient missionary  the  American  Board  then  had  in  the  field.  Like  his 
Master  before  him,  he  went  about  doing  good.  Like  that  Master,  also,  he 
learned  obedience  by  the  things  that  he  suffered.  The  death  of  his  in- 
fant, Emily  Adeline,  early  in  October,  1843,  was  followed  in  the  succeeding 
March  by  that  of  his  second  child,  Eliza,  then  five  years  of  age;  and  in 
December  next  ensuing,  his  dear  wife  died  on  the  journey  down  the  river 
to  Pontianak,  alone  with  her  babes  and  their  Dyak  nurse.  Soon  after, 
the  only  son  followed  his  mother  to  the  grave,  while  the  father  was  at 
Karangan  sick  nigh  to  death,  and  alone ;  yet  not  alone.  By  such  discipline 
was  he  purified,  sanctified,  and  made  ready  to  be  glorified. 

Grief  and  labor  began  to  produce  its  effect  upon  even  his  robust  consti- 
tution, and  symptoms  of  consumption  ensuing  warned  him  to  place  his 
little  children  where  they  could  have  the  care  of  relatives  in  case  of  his 
decease.  Accordingly  he  left  Karangan  for  Singapore,  where  he  was  com- 
pelled to  wait  three  months  for  a  vessel.  Here  he  was  busy  as  usual 
superintending  the  printing  of  tracts  previously  prepared. 

It  was  on  the  16th  of  May,  1847,  at  St.  Helena,  that  he  bade  adieu  to  his 
eldest  child,  Helen  Maria,  and  sent  her  under  friendly  .escort  to  the  land 
of  her  nativity,  to  become  in  due  tune  an  efficient  worker  for  missions,  as 
the  wife  of  Rev.  M.  N.  Oliver.  (Married  Aug.  15,  1870.)  His  journal 
and  MS.  works,  as  well  as  the  journal  of  her  mother,  are  in  possession 
of  this  daughter.  The  father  continued  his  journey  with  his  little  child, 
Emma,  to  her  grandmother's  home  at  Berne,  Switzerland,  in  which  pious 
household  his  life  flowed  peacefully  along.  At  first  it  seemed  that  he 
might  rally  again.  Much  was  hoped  for  from  the  Grape  Cure.  But  at 
the  long  communion  service  in  the  cold  church  on  Christmas  Day  he  be- 
came chilled.  Violent  hemorrhages  ensued,  and  the  end  was  not  far  off. 
All  the  while  "his  silent  preaching  was  humility,  resigned  suffering,  and 
uninterrupted  looking  for  the  Lamb  of  God."     An   interesting  letter  from 


802  THE    MINISTRY. 

Madame  Combe,  in  the  "Christian  Intelligencer"  of  May  31,  1849,  shows 
with  what  submission,  patience,  and  holy  meditation  his  life  ebbed  away 
into  eternity.  His  daughter,  Emma,  in  1880.  married  Rev.  Louis  Germond, 
pastor  of  the  Refd.  Ch.  at  Latry,  Vaud,  Switzerland.  He  died  in  May. 
1884.  His  widow  lived  in  Lausanne.  Switzerland,  for  several  years  (where 
Dr.  E.  T.  Corwin  had  the  pleasure  of  meeting  her  in  July.  1887),  and 
soon  after  moved  to  Paris,  to  assist  Miss  de  Broen  in  the  Belleville  Mis- 
sion there.  She  still  lives  in  Paris. — Rev.  Dr.  J.  B.  Thompson.  See  Rev. 
Dr.  W.  H.  Steele's  "Sketch  of  Thomson,"  in  "Manual  oi  Missions,  R.C.A." 
"Pierson's  Am.  Mission  Memorial,"  in  which  is  another  sketch  of  Thom- 
son, by  Rev.  A.  V.  Wyckoff,  his  brother-in-law,  with  portrait,  fac-simile. 
and  a  view  of  the  Mission  Station  at  Karangan.  See  also  "Manual  R.C.A.," 
1869,  and  Pohlman,  W.  J. 

Pi/blications  :  "Dyak  Hymn  Book"  (the  first  printed  book  in  the  lan- 
guage). 1844. — "Brown's  Cathecism"  (in  Dyak).  1845. — MS.  Works:  Gos- 
pel according  to  Matthew  (in  Dyak).  1845;  Genesis,  chaps,  i.-xx.  (in 
Dyak),  1845.  "The  Economy  of  Missions,"  and  an  Essay  entitled,  "Shall 
the  Borneo  Mission  be  Sustained?"  and  his  "Journal"  in  MS. 

Thorman,  E.  H.,  Monroe,  S.  D..  1897 

Tin  rston,  John  Albert,  b.  Pottersville,  N.  J..  Dec.  27,  1868:  R.C.  90-92, 

X.B.S.  95,  1.  CI.  Raritan;  New  Hurley,  1895 

Thyne,  Joseph  B.     S.S.  Glen,  88-94,  w.  c,  S.S.  Bellevue.  97.  w.  c. 

I  11  ion.  Edgah  A.,  b.  Brooklyn,  N.  Y..  Jan.  12,  1865;  N.Y.U.  1886,  X.B.S. 
89,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Bethany  Chapel,  Brooklyn,  89-91,  Jamaica,  91-98,  Har- 
lem, Collegiate,  N.Y.C.  1898 

Ti   (Chinese),  Chiang-Chiu.   18.. -84.  Amoy,  2d,  1884 

Timlow,  Heman  R.  C.N.J.  1852:  from  Presbyt.  Londonderry.  Mass.; 
Rhinebeck.  1859-66,  Brighton,  S.I.,  1866-8.  w.  c.     In  1872.  Episcopalian. 

Publications:  A  Sermon  on  Death  of  President  Lincoln.  1865. — A 
series  of  letters  in  the  "Christian  Intelligencer"  from  Boston,  signed  "Trc- 
mont."  1868-70. — "The  Saints  to  be  as  Angels."  In  "Pulpit  Repertory," 
i860? 

Timothy.   J.    P.    (Hindoo),   Arcot   Scm.    1898,   1.   CI.   Arcot ;   evangelist  in 

India.    1898 

Tiong   Euli    (a   native   Chinese),  studiejd   under  the   missionaries;    lie.    CI. 

Amoy,  in  the  spring  of  1871  ;  ord.  by  same,  Feb.   13,   1872;   Chioh-be, 

[872 He  is  the  fourth  native  pastor  in  the  Amoy  Mission. 

Ti  Peng  (Chinese),  1885. 

T \i ■«..   F.   (brother  of  J.  A.  Todd),  b.  at  Somerville.  N.J.,  1826;  R.C. 

55,  N.B.S.  58,  1.  CI.  N.B. :    Athens,  Pa.,  58-65.  Piermont,  65-71,  Boonton, 

71-2,  Bloomingburgh,  72-6,  Wurtsboro,  76-80,  Schoharie.  80-4.  Bound 

Brook,  84-86,  w.  c. 
Todd.  John    \dnms,  b.  near  Somerville,  N.J.,  Nov.  22.  1S22:  R.C.  45.  X.B.S. 

48,  1.  CI.  N.B. :  Griggstown,  48-55,  Tarrytown,  2d.  55-86,  w.  c.     Died 

March   15.    njoo. 


THE   MINISTRY.  803 

He  was  an  exceptionally  endowed  and  developed  man.  Strong  in  phys- 
ique, clear  in  intellect,  of  vigorous  common  sense  and  manly  in  bearing, 
he  had  devoted  himself  to  most  active  culture  along  the  lines  of  thought 
that  had  opened  before  him.  Especially  he  had  enriched  himself  through 
the  study  of  languages  and  literature.  Accuracy  in  every  study  was  his 
passion.  He  had  kept  up  classical  reading,  was  at  home  in  the  Bible  orig- 
inals, and  was  free  in  the  French,  Spanish,  Italian,  Portuguese,  German 
and  even  Gaelic.  He  had  strong  poetic  instinct,  and  has  left  translations 
of  several  foreign  lyrics.  His  supreme  pride,  however,  lay  in  his  con- 
scious mastery  of  our  own  English  tongue,  its  history  and  its  literature. 
To  every  study  he  brought  refined  taste.  Wholly  free  from  finicality,  he 
was  yet  aesthetic  in  the  highest  degree.  His  study  was  his  inner  world,  and 
his  well  chosen  library  was  his  shrine.  To  the  community  around,  whether 
in  conversation,  or  in  preaching,  or  through  his  many  published  writings, 
he  was  the  scholar,  the  masterly  speaker,  the  reasoner,  the  most  difficult 
of  antagonists  to  defeat  in  open  debate.  Whatever  he  had  seen  or  read  or 
heard  was  always  at  his  call  and  command.  Under  all  public  conditions 
and  in  every  public  relation  it  was  the  general  verdict  that  he  was  a 
grandly  endowed  and  richly  developed  man. 

But  Dr.  Todd's  great  distinction  was  won  in  the  ministry  of  the  Gospel, 
and  in  the  economic  connections  into  which  his  life  period  forced  him. 
The  forty-five  years  of  his  work  in  Tarrytown  were  among  the  most 
eventful  years  in  the  church  at  large,  in  our  own  country  and  in  the  great 
outlying  world.  In  the  church  he  stood  with  inflexible  firmness  against 
the  reckless  assaults  of  criticism  which  are  ever  tearing  down,  but  doing 
nothing  to  build  up.  No  one  could  shake  his  faith  in  the  authenticity  and 
reliability  of  the  original  word,  or  in  the  long  and  generally  accepted  doc- 
trines of  the  evangelical  church.  In  the  country,  during  our  civil  war, 
he  was  noted  for  his  fearless  denunciation  of  slavery  and  his  outspoken 
and  outacted  devotion  to  the  Union.  In  the  open  world,  he  appreciated 
the  need  of  all  nations  and  all  men  for  the  Gospel  of  Christ  as  the  only 
real  remedy  for  omnipresent  suffering  and  sin,  the  only  real  hope  for  re- 
lief from  the  antagonism  between  labor  and  capital,  between  sectional 
communities  and  even  between  nations  of  the  earth.  Always  from  pulpit 
and  platform  his  voice  was  bold,  and  through  the  press  his  pen  was  active 
in  denunciation  of  wrong  and  the  advocacy  of  right.  The  Bible  was  his 
foundation,  divine  truth  was  his  lever,  the  uplift  of  men  and  the  glory  of 
his  Master  were  his  aims,  and  spiritual  and  Christian  instinct  was  his 
strength.  He  touched  the  life  of  his  time  at  innumerable  points,  and  his 
influence  for  good  was  felt  far  bevond  the  circle  in  which  he  personally 
moved. 

Such  a  man  was,  of  course,  a  power  in  the  councils  and  activities  of 
the  general  church.  In  his  own  Classis,  he  was,  during  his  active  days,  a 
tower  of  strength.  Whatever  he  touched  in  debate  he  illumined.  And 
everywhere  he  was  genial  in  intercourse.  His  characteristic  firmness  never 
ran  into  obstinacy  or  roused  ill  feeling.  He  was  a  charm  in  all  circles  and 
magnetic  as  a  companion.    Children  loved  and  clung  to  him,  and  popularity 


804  THE    MINISTRY. 

I'n] lowed  him  wherever  he  went.     See  also  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1900,  907. — 
"Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,"  1900,  17. 

Publications:  "Memoir  of  Rev.  Dr.  Peter  Labagh.  with  notices  of 
R.D.C."  i860.  (See  "Princeton  Rev.,"  i860,  p.  571.)— "The  Character 
and  Death  of  Washington  Irving."  1859. — "Review  of  Boardman's  Higher 
Christian  Life."  (See  "Princeton  Rev.."  xxxii.  608-640.)— "The  Posture 
of  the  Ministers  and  People  of  R.C.A.  during  the  Revolution."  In  "Cen- 
tennial Discs.,"  1876. — Many  contributions  to  periodical  literature. 

Todd,  Wm.  Newton,  b.  in  N.J..  1844;  R.C.  71,  N.B.S.  74,  lie.  CI.  Raritan ; 

Dashville  Falls.  74-81.  Gallatin.  81-5.  Saddle  River,  1885-92  (Presbyt.) 
Toll,  John  C.     U.C.   1799,  studied  under  Livingston,  1.  CI.   Albany,   1801 ; 

ord.  Oct.  9,  1803;  Canajoharie,  Middletown,  Mapletown,  Westerlo  and 

Bowman's    Kill,    1803-15,     Middletown,   Westerlo,     15-22,     suspended, 

seceded   (Westerlo  and  Middletown.  Sec.  22-5.  these  united  churches 

were  then  called  Canajoharie),  25-42.  d.  1848. 
Tomb,  J.  S.  L.   (son  of  Rev.  Samuel  Tomb,  of  Salem.  N.  Y.),  b.  1805,  lie. 

by  the  Congregationalists ;   (Presbyterian),  Wynantskill,  1865-72.  Died 

1883,  Apr.  12. 
In   early  life  he   was   engaged   in   mercantile   and   agricultural   pursuits. 
He  did  not  pursue  a  regular  course  of  theological  study  at  any  seminary, 
but  for  some  time  was  directed  in  his  reading  of  theology  by  his  brother- 
in-law,  the  late  Rev.  J.  Searle.     After  temporarily  supplying  pulpits  in  the 
vicinity  of  his  home  at  New  Baltimore,  he  joined  the  Presbytery  of  Troy. 
and   was   ordained   and   installed   over   a   church    in   its   bounds.     He   was 
evangelical  in  the  presentation   of  the   truths   of   God's   Word,   forcible  in 
his  delivery,  and   faithful   as   a   pastor.     He  had  a  loving  heart  and   self- 
sacrificing  spirit,     rle  was  intent  upon  doing  good:  and  God's  people  were 
edified  and  sinners  converted  under  his  ministry. 
Tomkins,  William  Bishop.     R.C.  1888.  N.B.S.  88-90. 
Tracey,  William  Henry,  b.  N.Y.C..  Dec.  6.  1858;  Aub.  Sem.  S2;   (Dundee, 

N.Y.    (Presbyt.)    83-87).    Albany.    87-91.    Philadelphia,    2d.    91-95.    d. 

Dec.  20. 
He  received  a  commercial   education,  but  gave  it  up  for   the   ministry. 
His  pastorates  were  all   successful.  He  was  a  forcible  preacher,  very   d< 
voted  to  his  calling.     It  was  said  by  a  prominent  clergyman  at  his  funeral 
that    he   had    never    known    a    minister    who    loved    his    profession    more. 
"Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1896,  493. 
Trimmer,  John  A.     Pompton,  86-90:  Episcopalian,  at  Helmetta,  N.  J. 

Troost.  Evert.     Pella,  Bethel  Ch.  1900 

Turner,  Jas.     1863. 

Turner,  Wm.  Eaton,  b.  at  Port  Jervis.  1S10:  R.C.  38,  N.B.S.  41.  1-  CI.  N.B.; 
Arcadia,  41-48,  Roxbury,  50-62,  Arcadia,  62-66,  Grahamville  and  S.S. 
at  Upper  Neversink,  67-7-2,  Minisink,  7^-75-  Greenburg,  84-9.  Died 
Jan.  26,   1893. 


THE   MINISTRY.  805 

While  at  Roxbury,  Jay  Gould,  who  was  then  a  young  man,  attended  his 
church  and  Sunday-school.  In  after  years  when  Mr.  Turner  was  obliged 
to  give  up  active  work  (through  the  infirmities  of  age),  Jay  Gould  pro- 
vided for  his  wants  by  granting  him  an  annual  donation.  "Mints.  Gen. 
Syn.,"  1893,  893.— "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C.,"  1893.  10. 

Tyndall,  C.  H.,  b.  Alton,  N.Y.,  July  31,  1857;  Wms.  Coll.  82,  Aub.  Sem. 
85,  1.  Presbyt.  Albany,  84;  ord.  by  Presbyt.  Lake  Superior,  85;  (Esca- 
naba,  Mich.  (Presb.)  85-9,  N.Y.C.  Broome  St.  Tabernacle,  88-95,  Post- 
Grad.  course,  N.Y.U.  92-5,  Post-Grad.  Berlin,  Ger.  95-6),  Mt.  Vernon, 
1897 

Publications  :  "The  Quickening,  Filling  and  Enduing  of  the  Holy 
Spirit." — "Object  Sermons  in  Outline." — "Object  Lessons  for  Children." — 
"Electricity  and  its  Spiritual  Similitudes." 

Tysse,  Gerrit,  b.  Zaandam,  Neths.,  June  2,  1870;  H.C.  94,  P.S.  97,  1.  CI. 

Wisconsin ;  Leighton,  la.,  Ebenezer  Ch.  1897 

Uiterwyck,  see  Utterwick. 

Underwood,  Horace  Grant,  b.  London,  England,  July  19,  1859;  N.Y.U. 
81,  N.B.S.  84,  lie.  by  CI.  of  Bergen;  ord.  by  CI.  of  N.B.  Nov.  84.  Dis- 
missed to  Presbyt.  of  Jersey  City,  Presbyterian  missionary  to  Korea, 

1884 Also    Corresponding    Secretary    of    the    Korean    Religious 

Tract  Society  from  its  organization ;   and  chairman  of  the  Board  of 
Translators  of  the  Bible  into  the  Korean  language 
Has  charge  of  two  circuits,  embracing  twenty-seven  churches. 

Publications  :     "Introduction  to  the  Korean  Spoken  Language." — "Dic- 
tionary of  the  Korean  Language." — A  large  number  of  Tracts  in  Korean. 
Unglaub,  Henry,  b.  Newark,  N.  J.,  Nov.  28,  1857 ;  Bloomfield  School,  77, 
Bloomfield  Sem.  80,  lie.  Presbyt.  Newark;  ord.  by  Presbyt.  of  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. ;    (Miss,  in  Washington,  D.  C,  and  Providence,  R.  I., 

77-81)  ;  Naumberg  and  New  Bremen,  84-8,  Callicoon,  1888 

Utterwick,  Henry,  b.  Amsterdam,  Neths.,  May  22,  1841  ;  R.C.  62,  N.B.S. 
66,  1.  CI.  Holland;  Holland  Ch.,  N.Y.C,  66-9,  Vriesland,  69-72,  Hol- 
land, Mich.,  3d,  72-80,  (Grand  Rapids,  2d  Congreg.  80-7,  East  Canaan, 
Ct.,  1891-1901.)  Translating  the  "Amsterdam  Correspondence,"  ob- 
tained from  Holland  (in  1897-8)   1901 

Van  Aken,  Alex.  G.     R.C.  1873,  N.B.S.  76,  He.  CI.  N.B. 
Van  Aken,  Enoch,  b.  at  Esopus,  N.Y.,  July  21,  1808;  R.C.  30,  N.B.S.  and 
P.S.   33,   1.   Presb.   N.B. ;   ord.   CI.   Rensselaer,   34;   Kinderhook,   34-5, 
N.Y.C,  Bloomingdale,  35-84;  d.  Jan.  2,   1885. 
He  was  pastor  at  Bloomingdale,  New  York  City,  nearly  fifty  years.    He 
was  made  emeritus  a  few  years  before  he  died,  and  had  an  assistant  to 
perform  the  active  duties  of  the  church.     During  his  long  and  useful  pas- 
torate he  had  to  contend  with  trials,  struggles,  disappointments  and  even 
misrepresentations,  but  he  gloriously  triumphed  over  all,  and  with  humble- 
ness of  spirit,  with  patience  and  faithful  zeal  he  did  the  work  of  the  Lord. 
During  his  final  days  of  sickness  and  suffering  he  daily  walked  with  God. 


806  '       THE    MINISTRY. 

It  was  his  faithful  preaching  which  first  led  Rev.  Alexander  R.  Thompson 
to  a  new  life.  Mr.  Van  Aken  carried  his  church  through  a  great  and 
severe  trial,  and  saved  it.  He  was  a  man  of  remarkable  ability,  of  heroic 
simplicity  and  perseverance.  He  was  ever  visiting  the  transient  popula- 
tion of  his  vicinity,  and  carrying  to  them  advice  and  consolation. 

Publications  :  Oration.  "Influence  of  the  Reformation  on  Liberty  of 
Thought."  "Ulster  Sentinel,"  Kingston,  N.Y.,  September  I,  1830.— Arti- 
cle in  the  "New  Brunswick  Times,"  Oct.  26,  1831,  signed  "Sancho."— "Life 
and  Character  of  Miss  Harriet  Whatkins."  In  "Christian  Intelligencer," 
1835. — "Visits  to  the  South."  A  series  of  eleven  numbers  in  "Ch.  Int.," 
1845  and  1846.— "Three  Sermons  on  War :  Its  Causes,  Its  Evils,  Its  Rem- 
edy." In  "Ch.  Int.,"  April  15,  April  29,  May  6,  1847.— "Life  and  Charac- 
ter of  Mrs.  Rachel  Van  Aken,"  1848.  In  "Ch.  Int."— Thanksgiving  Ser- 
mon, from  Ps.  cxvii.  2.  "Ch.  Int.,"  1849.— Article  on  Sharon  Springs  and 
Vicinity.  "Ch.  Int."— Article  on  Rev.  John  Knox,  D.D.  "Ch.  Int.,"  1858. 
"Life  and  Character  of  Miss  Ann  Stryker."  "Ch.  Int.,"  i860.— "Life  and 
Character  of  John  E.  Van  Aken."  "Ch.  Int.,"  1861.— Article  on  Rev.  Jacob 
Sickles,  D.D.  In  "Sprague's  Annals."— Article  on  General  Garret  H. 
Stryker.  "Ch.  Int.,"  April,  1868.— "Should  Churches  be  Taxed  and  As- 
sessed?" Circulars  to  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  New  York,  and 
discussions  in  various  papers.— "Life  and  Character  of  Rev.  Gulick  Van 
Aken."     "Ch.  Int."  and  "Presbyterian,"  Dec,  1872. 

Van  Aken,  Gulick,  b.  N.Y.C.,  Ap.  22,  1840;  U.N.Y.  62,   P.S.  62-3,   U.S. 
63-4;    (Philadelphia,  64-7);   Freehold,  67-71;    (E.   Kingston,   1871-2), 
d.  Oct.  20. 
Van  Allen,  Ira,  b.  Bethlehem,  N.Y.,  June  1,  1846;  R.C.  73,  N.B.S.  76,  1- 
CI.  Albany;  Rotterdam,  2d,  76-83,  Wynantskill,  83-90,  Owasco,  90-92, 
Mohawk,  92-98,  w.  c. 
Van  Amburgh,  Robt,  b.  Jan.  9,  1809;  R.C.  37,  N.B.S.  40,  1.  CI.  Po'keepsie; 
Lebanon,  40-8,  Fordham,  48-51,   (Hughsonville,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.    Y. 
51-3),  Lebanon,  53-69,  High  Bridge,  69-70,  w.  c.     Died  Mar.  9.  1890. 
See  "Mints.    Gen.    Syn.,"    1890,    195.— "Biog.    Notices   of   Grads.    R.C," 
1890,  13. 
Van  Arendonk,  Artih  k,  1>.  Fremont,  Mich.,  Oct.  10,  1871 ;  H.C.  94,  W.S. 

97,  1.  CI.  Dakota;  Luctor,  Kan.  97-1901,  Sheldon,  la.,  1901 

Van  Arsdale,  Cor.  C.    R.C.   1828,  N.B.S.  31  ;  supplied  Brooklyn,  Central, 
38-40;    supplied    South    Ch.,    Brooklyn,   40-1,    Philadelphia,    1st,    41-9. 
Greenwich,  N.Y.C.,  52-4,  d.  1856.     D.D. 
Publications:     A   Ser.  at   New  Haven,  by  appointment  of  the   Peace 
Society,  during  the  Session  of  Legislature  of  Ct.,  1834.— "The  Christian 
Patriot":  An  Oration  before  the  Alumni  of  R.C.    1837.— "Lessons  of  Wis- 
dom  for  a  Mourning  People":  On  Death  of  Pres.  Harrison.    1841—  "A 
Nation's  Glory  and  Strength":  Fast-day,  1841. 

Van  Arsdale,  Elias  B.  (son  of  N.  H.  Van  Arsdale),  b.  High  Falls,  N.Y., 
Aug.  2,  1869;  R.C.  90,  N.B.S.  93,  1.  CI.  Paramus;  Farmer,  N.  Y. 
1893 


THE   MINISTRY.  807 

Van  Arsdale,  Jacob  R.  R.C.  1830,  N.B.S.  33,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Berne,  2d.  34-5, 
Mt.  Pleasant  (Stanton),  35-50,  Tyre,  50-64,  w.  c.  1864-71,  d. 

Van  Arsdale,  Nathaniel  Hixon,  b.  at  Bound  Brook,  N.J.,  1838 ;  R.C.  62, 
N.B.S.  67,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Clove,  67-74,  Jan.  1;  Chatham,  74-80,  (Batavia, 
111.    (Cong.)   80-1),   Paterson,   Broadway,  81-95,   Greenwood  Heights, 

Brooklyn,  99-1901,  Athenia,  N.J.  1901 

Assoc,  editor  of  "Christian  Intelligencer,''  1882 D.D.  by  R.C.   1889. 

Publications:  "The  Contrast":  The  First  Hour  and  the  Last  in  the 
Life  of  Jesus."  1876.— "Hist,  of  Broadway  Ch.  Paterson,  N.J."— Several 
Sermons. — Editorials  in  "Ch.  Int." 

Van  Arsdale,  Simeon,  b.  1754,  studied  under  Livingston?  lie.  by  General 

Meeting  of  Ministers  and  Elders,  1782;  North  Branch  (Readington), 

1783-6,  d. 

Few  pastors  of  his  day  were  held  in  equal  esteem.  He  possessed  great 

power  as  a  preacher,  and  was  untiring  in  all  pastoral  service.    Of  ardent 

piety,  he  was  also  a  polished  preacher.    He  received  a  call  from  the  church 

in  New  York,  but  declined.    He  was  cut  off  before  his  ministry  had  hardly 

begun.     Elected  a  trustee  of  Queen's  College,  1783. 

Van  Basten,  Johannes  Vermanus,  preached,  as  a  student,  Dec.  2  and  23, 

1739,    at    Po'keepsie;   Jamaica,    Success,    Oyster    Bay    and    Newtown, 

1739-40.     See  "Riker's  Annals  of  Newtown,"  238. 
Van  Benschoten,  Wm.  B.,  b.  Ap.  15,  1835;  R.C.  61,  N.B.S.  64,  1.  CI.  N.B.; 

Wyckoff,  65-9,  Lebanon,  69-72,  Ephratah  and  Stone  Arabia,  72-80,  d. 

June  27.     See  "Ch.  Int.,"  July  15,  1880. 

Publication:     "Hist.  Ch.  Wyckoff."     In  "Bergen  Co.  Democrat." 
Van  Beverhoudt,  Octave,  b.  St.  Thomas,  W.I.,  July  15,  1871 ;  c.  to  U.S. 

1891 ;  N.B.S.  1901,  1.  CI.  N.Y. ;  Colt's  Neck,  1901 

Van  Blarcom,  G.     Tyre,  1895-6. 

Van  Bosen,  ....,   (possibly  the  same  as  Vandenbosch),  Kingston,   (1691- 

3.)     "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  i.  190. 
Van  Brackle,  Henry.     N.B.S.  1884-5,  d. 
Van  Brunt,  Rutgers,  b.  N.Y.C.   1820;  Hob.  C.  40,  N.B.S.  48,  1.  CI.  N.B. ; 

Albany,  3d,  48-9,  supplied  Newark,  2d,  49,    (Smithtown  and  Carmel, 

Presbyt.)   51-7,  Waterford,  and  S.S.  Schaghticoke,  57-61,  d.  Apr.  28, 

1863. 
Descended  from  an  ancient  line  of  Holland  ancestors,  who  were  among 
the  first  to  open  a  home  in  the  wilderness,  he  ever  felt  a  strong  attachment 
to  the  Church  of  his  fathers.  He  early  developed  great  aptitude  for  men- 
tal acquisition,  and  received  every  advantage  of  culture.  Though  natu- 
rally diffident  and  retiring,  he  distinguished  himself  while  a  student  in  the 
fields  of  language  and  composition,  and  carried  off  the  palm  of  certain 
prize  essays.  The  responsibilities  and  labors  of  his  first  charge  were  too 
great  for  his  health.  In  Newark,  his  labors  were  followed  by  a  blessed 
revival.  He  was  a  man  of  powerful  intellect,  with  keen  logical  power  and 
dialectic  discrimination.    He  was  a  careful  and  accurate  interpreter  of  the 


808  THE    MINISTRY. 

Scriptures.  He  loved  the  close  investigation  of  study  more  than  the 
flourish  of  oratory  or  imagination.  He  was  calm  and  argumentative  in  his 
sermons,  not  invoking  the  ornaments  of  rhetoric,  He  had  no  great  volume 
of  voice,  nor  passionate  enunciation,  and  hence  his  sermons  did  not  re- 
ceive the  credit  which  they  merited.  He  was  one  of  the  most  godly  and 
devout  of  men.  His  faith  was  as  simple  as  a  child's  and  as  strong  as  a 
martyr's.  He  did  his  duty  faithfully,  having  the  issue  to  the  Lord.  The 
estimation  in  which  he  was  held  was  of  the  most  flattering  kind:  it  per- 
vaded many  denominations  and  many  hearts.  His  trust  in  God  his  Saviour 
conquered  all  difficulties  and  triumphed  over  death  itself. 

Van  Bunschooten,  Elias,  b.  at  New  Hackensack,  N.Y.,  Oct.  26,  1738; 
C.N.J.  1768,  studied  theology  under  Meyer,  1.  by  Gen.  Meeting  of  Min- 
isters and  Elders.  1773;  Schagticoke,  1773-85.  Minisink,  Mahakemack. 
and  Walpack,  1785-8,  Clove  X.J..  Minisink,  Walpack,  West-town,  and 
Mahakemack,  1788-99,  Clove.  1799-1812,  d.  1815,  Jan.  10.  (In  "M.G.S.," 
i.  473,  he  is  said  to  have  taken  charge  of  Clove  and  West-town  alone, 
in  1797,  but  probably  an  error.)     Elected  a  trustee  of  Q.  C.  1783. 

He  was  the  son  of  a  farmer,  Teunis  Van  Bunschooten,  of  Dutchess  Co., 
NY.  The  family  consisted  of  five  brothers  and  three  sisters.  None  of 
the  brothers  were  married,  but  the  sisters  married  and  furnished  many 
heirs  to  the  family.  The  estate  was  twenty  years  in  course  of  settlement, 
and  amounted  to  $60,000.  The  most  of  Elias'  life  was  spent  in  the  beau- 
tiful Kittatinny  valley,  which  extends  front  the  Delaware  to  the  Hudson. 
He  was  installed  in  his  charges  here  by  his  friend,  Domine  Hardenbergh, 
of  Raritan.  His  parochial  charge  extended  to  the  magnificent  length  of 
fifty  miles,  through  which  the  settlers'  axes  had  forced  a  few  rough  horse- 
tracks.  There  is  a  local  tradition  that  a  certain  deacon  who  collected  his 
pittance  of  salary  at  Minisink.  defaulting  in  payment,  mortgaged  his  farm 
to  the  domine  as  security.  After  he  ceased  ministering  there,  the  mortgage 
was  foreclosed,  and  the  place  was  given  to  the  church  as  a  parsonage! 
The  church  of  Clove  was  organized  in  the  bounds  of  his  charges  in  1787. 
He  removed  to  that  place  in  1792.  He  here  enjoyed  a  precious  revival  in 
1803,  in  which  forty-two  were  added  to  the  church.  But  after  his  death, 
that  church  was  neglected  by  his  own  denomination,  and  in  i8r8  became 
Presbyterian,  and  is  now  divided  into  three  churches.  Mr.  V.  B.  selected 
an  admirable  farm  at  the  Clove— a  glen  of  great  beauty,  with  hold  and 
forest-clad  hills,  and  rushing  mountain  stream-,  line  he  built  a  mill  and 
a  commodious  residence,  and  increased  in  wealth,  so  that  he  left  a  farm 
of  seven  hundred  acres,  and  other  property,  to  a  Favorite  nephew,  besides 
his  benefactions  to  the  Church.  His  personal  character  had  a  strong  tinge 
of  eccentricity.  His  frugality  sometimes  displayed  itself  in  the  most  whim 
sical  forms.  He  was  temperate  in  his  habits,  taciturn  and  grave,  and  yet 
communicative  to  his  friends.  The  country  in  which  he  lived  was  still 
wild  and  unconquered,  and  the  inhabitants  were  like  the  land.  There  was 
every  thing  to  discourage  the  minister  of  Christ.  Yet  he  labored  on,  and 
hi>  happy  influence  there  is  felt  to  this  day.  He  preached  extemporane- 
ously,  either  in  Dutch  or  English.     He  was  clear  and  distinct  in  argument, 


THE    MINISTRY.  809 

and  scriptural  in  matter,  and  spoke  mildly,  yet  with  an  earnest  and  holy 
unction. 

But  he  will  be  always  remembered  as  the  first  large  benefactor  of  the 
Church.  He  and  Dr.  Livingston  had  been  born  not  far  from  each  other, 
had  entered  the  ministry  nearly  at  the  same  time,  and  had  always  been 
warm  friends.  When  Dr.  L.  was  about  to  leave  the  city,  and  take  up  his 
residence  at  New  Brunswick,  at  great  personal  sacrifice,  he  wrote  to  his 
old  friend  a  frank  letter,  suggesting  the  propriety  of  his  dedicating  a  por- 
tion of  his  large  estate  to  the  cause  of  education.  After  several  interviews, 
the  matter  was  decided.  He  gave  $14,640  during  his.  life  and  increased  it 
to  $17,000  by  his  will,  to  educate  "pious  young  men,  who  hope  they  have 
a  call  of  God  to  preach  the  Gospel  of  Jesus  Christ.''  It  was  entrusted  to 
the  care  of  the  trustees  of  Queen's  (now  Rutgers)  College.  By  accumula- 
tion, the  fund  was  allowed  to  reach  the  sum  of  $20,000.  One  hundred  and 
twenty-five  have  been  educated  for  the  ministry  through  his  liberality, 
some  of  whom  have  gone  to  heathen  shores.  He  made  himself  a  perpetual 
power  for  good  in  the  Church  and  in  the  world.  Being  dead  he  yet  speak- 
eth.  See  an  admirable  sketch  of  his  life  in  "The  New  Brunswick  Review," 
1855,  from  the  pen  of  Rev.  A.  W.  McClure.  "Sprague's  Annals."  "Mills' 
Hist.  Discs.,"  1874,  1878.  "Gunn's  Livingston,"  ed.  1856,  395.  See  also 
"Centennial  N.  B.  Sem.,"  p.  371. 

Van  Buren,  B.,  1856-61. 

Van  Buren,  John  Martin,  b.  Kinderhook,  N.Y.,  Sept.  20,  181 1;  U.C.  35, 
Aub.  Sem.  38,  1.  Presbyt.  of  Columbia;  (Mt.  Morris,  38-9,  Cohoes, 
39-41,  (ord.  by  CI.  Ap.  23,  40),  Fultonville,  42-51,  New  Lots.  L.  I. 
52-72.  Died  May  12,  1892. 

He  was  an  earnest  and  faithful  minister  and  an  active  worker  in  the 
cause  of  temperance.  After  giving  up  his  charge  at  New  Lots  he  devoted 
his  time  and  the  energies  of  his  well  trained  mind  in  writing  short,  but 
very  interesting,  articles  for  the  religious  press  and  temperance  journals. 
His  life,  from  the  time  he  entered  the  ministry  of  the  Church  until  its 
close,  was  an  active  and  useful  life.     "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1892,  657. 

Publication:     "Gospel  Temperance,"  1877. 

Van  Buren,  Peter.  U.C.  1802,  studied  under  Livingston,  lie.  1804 ;  Charles- 
town,  1st,  1805-14,  Union  Village  and  Schodack,  14-20.     Died  1832. 

Van  Buren,  P.  H.  (s.  of  J.  M.  Van  Buren).  b.  at  Fultonville,  1846;  U.N.Y. 
64,  N.B.S.  67,  1.  S.  CI.  L.I. ;  called  to  Freehold,  but  prevented  from 
settling  by  sickness,  d.  1868.    See  Manual  of  1879. 

Van  Burk,  John,  b.  Oosterbeek,  Neths.,  Sept.  25,  1863;  Oberlin  Sem.  91, 
lie.  by  Congregationalists,  91 ;  engaged  in  evangelistic  work,  Holland, 
91-3,  New  Salem  and  Clarksville  (S.S.).  93-4,  Johnstown,  N.Y. 
1894 

Van  Buskirk,  Peter  V,  b.  at  Bayonne,  N.J.,  Mar.  2,  1845  ;  R.C.  1866, 
N.B.S.  69;  lie.  S.  CI.  Bergen;  Closter,  1869-87,  Gravesend,  87 

Vance,  James  Isaac,  b.  Arcadia,  Sullivan  Co.,  Tenn.,  Sept.  25,  1862 ;  King's 
College,  Bristol,  Tenn.  83,  Union  Th.  Sem.  at  Richmond,  Va.,  86.  lie. 


8lO  THE    MINISTRY. 

by  Holston  Presb.,  Syn.  of  linn.  84  ;  ord.  by  Abingdon  Presb.,  Syn. 
of  Va.  86;  (in  Southern  Presb.  Ch.,  Wythesville,  Va.  86,  Alexandria, 
Va.   86-90,    Norfolk,    Va.    90-4,    Nashville,    Term.    94-1900),    Newark, 

North,   1900 

See  sketch  in  "Am.  Cyc.  Biog." 

Publications:  "The  Young  Man  Foursquare." — "Church  Portals." — 
"The  College  of  Apostles." —  "Royal  Manhood." 

Van  Cleef,  Cornelius,  b.  at  Harlingen,  N.J.,  Sept.  16,  1799;  D.C.  iS23, 
N.B.S.  26,  lie.  CI.  Philadelphia;  Miss,  at  Palatine,  26,  Miss,  at  Mana- 
yunk,  27-8,  Athens,  28-33,  New  Hackensack,  33-66;  d.  June  13.  1875. 
D.D.  by  R.C.  1863. 

He  made  a  profession  of  his  faith  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  under  Rev. 
Peter  Labagh,  then  in  his  prime.  He  had  for  his  classmates  during  his 
college  course,  Isaac  Labagh,  Ira  C.  Boice  and  George  W.  Bethunc.  Be- 
tween him  and  the  latter  two  especially  there  existed  a  friendship  which 
lasted  through  life.  He  and  a  godly  companion  started  a  prayer-meeting 
during  his  college  course,  which  was  a  means  of  blessing  to  many  of  the 
students,  several  of  whom  afterward  became  bright  and  shining  lights  in 
the  Church. 

As  a  preacher  he  was  faithful,  earnest  and  impressive.  With  his  pro- 
found sense  of  duty  and  responsibility,  he  could  not  be  otherwise  than 
diligent  and  painstaking  in  his  preparation  for  the  pulpit.  His  discourses 
were  marked  by  simplicity  and  godly  sincerity.  His  auditors  ever  felt  his 
kindly  affection  for  them  and  his  sincere  desire  to  minister  to  their  good. 
His  preaching  had  an  unction  in  it.  He  heartily  loved  his  people,  abound- 
ing toward  them  in  tender  sympathy,  and  in  self-sacrificing  labors.  He 
was  a  faithful  friend  to  the  poor,  the  sick,  the  sorrowing.  His  Christian 
character  was  exquisitely  beautiful.  His  excellent  qualities  were  nicely 
balanced  and  harmoniously  blended.  He  was  also  clothed  with  humility, 
out  of  which  grew  a  sweetly  dignified  Christian  courtesy,  which  marked 
his  bearing  toward  all.  He  was  also  cheerful.  His  inward  peace  illumined 
his  countenance  so  that  men  could  read  thereon  the  fulfilment  of  God's 
promise  to  those  who  put  their  trust  in  him.  He  possessed  rare  prudence 
and  soundness  of  judgment,  and  hence  was  resorted  to  for  counsel  in  mat- 
ters of  perplexity  and  delicacy.  He  was  never  censorious,  but  like  a  true 
Christian  gentleman,  spake  kindly  of  others,  or  not  at  all.  His  life  was 
devoid  of  stirring  incidents,  but  like  the  most  beneficent  forces  of  nature, 
exerted  a  quiet,  silent,  but  powerful  influence.— "Memorial  Disc,"  by  Dr. 
A.  B.  Van  Gieson. 

Publications:  Art.  in  "Sprague's  Annals"  on  Van  Wagenen. — Address 
at  Funeral  of  Rev.  Edwin  Holmes. — Paper  on  "Christian  Union,"  in  "Ch. 
Int.,"  Ap.   13,  1865. 

Van  Cleek,  Paul  Dikyka,  b.  Millstone,  Somerset  Co.,  N.J..  July  31,  182 1 ; 
R.C.  43.   N.B.S.  46,  1.   CI.  N.B. ;  ord.  by   CI.   Greene;   Coxsackie.  2d, 

46-9,  Jersey  City,  2d,  (Van  Vorst),  49 Declared  Pastor  Emeritus, 

Ap.  1896.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1863 ;  elected  trustee  of  R.  C.  1869. 


THE    MINISTRY.  8ll 

See  "Fiftieth  Anniv.  Mem.  of  Settlement,  1900." 

Publications:  "Thankful  Remembrance":  A  Decennial  Sermon,  i860. 
— "Spiritual  Health":  In  commemoration  of  15th  Anniversary  of  his  Pas- 
torate. 1865. — "Our  Alumni  Association:  Its  Relations,  Objects,  and 
Duties."  An  Oration  before  Alumni  R.C.  1865. — Address  at  the  150th 
Anniv.  of  R.D.C.  in  New  Brunswick.  1867. — "Memorial  of  Hon.  Jac.  R. 
Wortendyke."  1869.— "The  Days  that  Are  Past" :  Sermon  on  20th  Anni- 
versary of  his  Pastorate.  1870.— Address  at  the  Fun.  of  Col.  Jos.  Dod. 
1874.— "Espoused  to  Christ":  Sermon  on  25th  Anniversary  of  his  Pas- 
torate. 1875.— "The  Catholic  Spirit  of  R.C. A.  toward  all  other  Christians." 
In  "Centennial  Discs.,"  1876.— Art.  in  "Sprague's  Annals"  on  Rev.  J.  M. 
Van  Harlingen. — Many  contributions  to  the  press. — "Introduction"  to 
Centennial  Vol.  of  New  Brunswick  Seminary,  1884,  pp.  xvii-xl. — Sketch 
of  Rev.  J.  M.  Van  Harlingen,  in  "Centennial  of  N.B.S.,"  429.— "Things 
New  and  Old":  40th  Anniversary  Sermon,"  1890. — Also  "Memoir  of  Rev. 
Is.  P.  Stryker,"  in  "The  Sower."— "Candle  of  Life":  A  Pictorial  Life 
Study. — "Exposition  of  International  S.  S.  Lessons." — Sermon  on  Death 
of  Rev.  Dr.  B.  C.  Taylor. 

Van  de  Burg,  Sheldon.     N.B.S.  1899;  Shawangunk,  1899 

Van  de  Erve,  John,  b.  at  Willemstad,  Noord  Brabant,  Neths.,  Sept.  30, 
1870;  H.C.  95,  W.S.  95-6,  P.S.  96-7,  1.  CI.  Michigan;  Grand  Rapids, 
Grace  Ch.  97-1901,  Prof,  of  Mathematics,  Coe  Coll.,  Cedar  Rapids, 
la.  1901 

Van  den  Berg,  Albert.  H.C.  85,  W.S.  88,  Newkirk,  la.  88-91,  Overisel, 
1 89 1 

Van  den  Berg,  Ebenezer.     H.C.  1880. 

Van  den  Bosch,  K.     Noordeloes,  1856-7,  seceded. 

Van  den  Bosch,  Laurentius  (same  as  Van  Bosen?),  (French  Ref.)  Bos- 
ton, 1685,  Rye,  1686  (?),  Staten  Island,  1686-87,  Kingston,  1687-89, 
suspended  by  Selyns  and  others.    Went  to  Maryland. 

He  was  compelled  to  leave  Boston,  where  he  served  a  Huguenot  con- 
gregation, because  he  acted  haughtily,  and  refused  to  publish  the  banns  of 
marriage,  according  to  law.  Upon  coming  to  New  York,  he  organized  the 
French  in  Staten  Island  into  a  congregation  independent  of  the  French 
congregation  in  New  York,  and  contrary  to  Daille's  wishes.  The  division 
was  not  healed  until  1692.— See  "Baird's  Daille,"  94.     "Amst.  Cor." 

Van  den  Bosch,  T.  M.     Rehoboth    (Lucas),  Mich.   1894-7,  De  Mott  and 

Koster,   1897 

Van  den  Burg,  Louis.     Ramapo,  1901 

Van  den  Hook,  John  H.,  b.  Middleburg,  Zeeland,  Neths.,  July  3,  1842; 
studied  at  Emelo,  67 ;  lie.  by  Home  and  Foreign  Missionary  Ch.  Hol- 
land, 67 ;  Hopert,  N.B.,  Neths.  67-9,  Westerlee,  Groningen,  Neths.  69- 
82;  Kalamazoo,  Mich.  82-5,  Chicago,  1st  Holland  Ch.  85-92,  Chicago, 
N.W.  Refd.  92-6,  Bozeman,  Mont.,  Holland,  West  Gallatin,  Presbyt. 
96-1902,  emeritus. 


812  J  Mi:    MINISTRY. 

Vander  Hart,  Evert,  b.   1847;    HC  69,  U.S.  72;  Grand  Haven,  2d,  72-6, 
Battle  Creek,  Mich..  76-7,  (.rand  Haven,  2d,  77-80,  (Presbyt.)  Roches- 
ter, 88-9,  died  Ap.  29. 
As  a  man,   minister,  leader,  organizer,  and  persistently  devoted  to  his 
work,   he   was   highly  esteemed,      lie    was   a   horn   leader,  and   bib   was   the 
true  leadership  of  drawing  people,  not  driving  them.     All  observant  minds 
recognized  these  elements  of   his   manly  and  symmetrical   personality.     A 
sweet  and  genial  temperament,  clean  moral  consciousness,  sound  judgment, 
firm  purpose,  remarkable  tact  and  great  energy.     But  be  was  not  simply  a 
man  of  refined  and  gentlemanly  instincts  and  a  good  business  man,  he  was 
much  more.     As  a  sympathetic  and  helpful  pastor  he  had  not  many  equals; 
and  as  a  preacher  he  was  at  once  scriptural,  scholarly,  thoughtful,  spiritual 
and  deeply  impressive.      "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1889,  919. 

Van  der  Ram,  P.     Hospers,   1892-4.  Leighton,  la.,  Ebenezer,  94-6,  w.  c. 

96-1900. 
Vander  Kiev.  \\ '..  c.  to  America,  1871 ;  Pella,  1871-3,  Graafschap,  1873-5,  d. 

Dec.  20. 
Vander    Kreeke,   Gerrit.     H.C.    [868,    H.S.    1871,    (Boston,    Mass.,    Cong., 

1873-81.) 
Vanderlinde,  Benj.,  b.   at    Pollifly,  near    Eackensack,   N.J.,   1719;   studied 

under  Dorsius  and  Goetschius,  1.  by  Coetus,  1748;  Paramus  and  Ponds, 

1748-89,  also  at  Saddle  River,  1784-9,  d. 

He  was  an  American  by  birth,  and  was  the  first  who  appeared  before 
the  Ccelus  for  examination  in  this  country.  On  May  12,  1746,  Haeghoort 
bad  written  to  the  Classis,  asking  permission  that  he  and  Erickzon  might 
examine  and  ordain  Vanderline.  Dorsius  bad  lost  bis  right  to  promote, 
(says  this  letter;,  and  Goetschius  could  not  legally  do  it.  The  Ccetus, 
although  authorized  to  convene,  by  the  Classis,  amounted  to  nothing,  as 
the  majority  of  the  ministers  did  not  attend.  The  Classis  replied,  Oct. 
3d,  that  he  might  be  examined  by  the  ministers,  in  Ccetus  assembled,  in 
the  name  of  the  Classis.  He  made  request,  in  Sept.,  1747,  of  the  Ccetus, 
to  be  examined  the  next  spring.  The  request  and  the  answer  both  seemed 
to  manifest  the  deep  anxiety  felt,  and  the  almost  doubtful  propriety  of 
such  a  revolutionary  step  as  the  Dutch  examining  a  student  in  America, 
and  not  sending  him  to  Holland.  Vale,  patria,  was  the  language  of  the 
opponents.  For  such  an  innovation  would  surely  produce  defection  from 
the  Church  in  Holland.  Nevertheless,  he  was  examined,  and  his  call  to 
Paramus  (still  preserved  in  their  record-)  was  approved,  Sept.  27,  1748. 
It  is  printed  in  the  Manual  and  Record  of  the  Church  of  Paramus,  1859. 
This  call  has  some  special  interest,  in  being  the  first  call  which  did  not  go 
through  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  for  approval.  Beside  the  ordinary 
duties,  it  stipulates  that  he  was  to  preach  on  the  first  and  second  day  of 
Christinas,  on  New  Year's  Day.  on  the  first  and  second  day  of  Easter,  on 
Ascension  Day,  on  the  first  and  second  of  Whitsunday,  and  on  each  of 
these  days  only  once.  His  charge  was  very  extensive.  Ramapo  was  or- 
ganized out  of  it,  in  1785,  and  a  second  church  edifice  was  built  at  Saddle 
River,  in   1784,  which  ultimately  became   an   independent  church,    (1814.) 


THE    MINISTRY.  8l3 

About  a  year  before  his  death,  he  received,  as  a  colleague,  Rev.  G.  A. 
Kuypers;  but  he  only  continued  there  about  ten  months,  when  he  was 
called  to  New  York,  and,  three  months  after,  the  venerable  Vandcrlinde 
went  to  his  reward.  He  married  a  niece  of  General  Schuyler.  "Amst. 
Cor.  Mints,  of  Coetus." 

Vander  Meulen,  Cornelius,  b.  at  Middleharnis,  Neths.,  Dec.  15,  1800;  lie. 
Nov.  24,  1839;  ord.  following  Sunday;  Middleharnis  and  Rotterdam, 
Dec.  39-May,  40,  Rotterdam  alone,  May,  40-June,  41  ;  then  served 
twelve  chs.  in  Prov.  of  Zeeland,  with  headquarters  at  Goes,  41-7,  c.  to 
America  with  many  members  of  his  chs.  Arrived  in  New  York,  July 
2,  1847;  Zeeland,  Mich.  47-59,  Chicago.  1st,  59-61,  Grand  Rapid6,  2d, 
61-73,  emeritus.     Died  Aug.  23,  1876. 

He  joined  the  Christelyke  Afgeschiedene  Kerk  ,in  Nederland,  a  body 
which  had  separated  from  the  National  Church.  This  Separated  Church 
suffered  considerable  persecution,  and  large  numbers,  therefore,  emigrated 
to  Michigan  in  1847  and  following  years.  Here  Vandermeulen  founded 
the  flourishing  village  of  Zeeland.  The  hardships  of  the  enterprise  were 
borne  bravely  by  pastor  and  flock.  They  worshipped  at  first  in  the  open 
air,  and  those  early  Sabbaths  of  worshsip,  without  any  to  molest  or  make 
afraid,  are  described  as  being  Feast-days.  He  was  a  pioneer  pastor  in  the 
West,  a  speaker  of  force  and  eloquence,  of  a  strong  personality,  and  was 
generally  admired  for  his  many  gifts  and  good  qualities. — See  "Levensges- 
chiedenis  van  Rev.  Cornelius  Vandermeulen,"  by  his  sons,  Revs.  Jacob  and 
John,  and  Rev.  Peter  De  Pree. 

Vandermeulen,  Jacob  (s.  of  C.  Vandermeulen),  b.  Middelharnis,  Neths., 
May  1,  1834;  c.  to  America,  1847;  R.C.  58,  N.B.S.  61,  1.  CI.  Holland; 
Holland,  Wis.  61-3,  Polkton,  63-4,  Kalamazoo,  64-8,  Holland,  3d,  Mich. 
68-71,  Grand  Rapids,  1st,  71-2,  Muskegon,  72-89.  Westfield,  S.  D. 
89-..,  (Baldwin,  Wis.  Presbyt.  ..-..),  Rotterdam  and  Luctor,  Kan. 
94-6,  Graafschap,  96-1900,  Pella,  Neb.  1900-1,  d.  Jan.  20.     D.D.  by  H.C. 

He  had  a  strong  personality.  He  was  a  voluminous  reader,  and  a  clear 
and  original  thinker.  He  refused  to  be  bound  by  the  stereotyped  formu- 
las of  others,  save  as  they  appealed  to  him  as  of  practical  value  for  con- 
duct or  doctrine.  He  studied  the  newer  sciences,  but  kept  the  faith.  His 
liberality  was  not  that  of  the  rationalist,  for  he  ever  adhered  to  the  Cross, 
and  the  necessity  and  power  of  the  Holy  Spirit.  Christ  and  Him  as  Cruci- 
fied, was  with  him  inspiration,  motive  and  object.  His  keen,  philosophic 
mind  made  him  a  debater  to  be  dreaded.  He  was  a  preacher  of  marked 
power  and  earnestness.  His  praise  as  a  speaker  and  expounder  of  truth 
was  in  every  church  where  he  ministered.  He  had  an  impassioned  speech 
and  fiery  eloquence,  with  a  self-forgetfulness  which  was  peculiarly  his 
own.  See  "History  of  Ottawa  Co.,  Mich.,"  pp.  104-5. — "Mints.  Gen  Syn.," 
1901,  1246. — "Biog.   Notices  Grads.   R.C,"  1901,   10. 

Vander  Meulen,  Jacob  (son  of  Jacob  Vander  Meulen  above),  b.  Grand 
Rapids,  Mich.,  Mar.  17,  1872;  H.C.  97,  W.S.  1900,  lie.  CI.  Holland; 
Grand  Haven,  2d,   1900 


8 14  THE   MINISTRY. 

Vandermeulen,  John   (s.  of  Cor.  Vandermeulen)  ;  R.C.  1859,  N.B.S.  62, 
I.  CI.  Holland;  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  62-70.  Fulton,  111..  70-5,  Jamestown, 

Mich.,  75-85,  Holland.  Mich.  Ebenezer  Ch.  1885 

Publication  of  Jacob  C.  and  John  :    "Biography  of  Rev.  Cor.  Vander- 
meulen, their  Father."     In  Dutch.     1876. 

Vander  Meulen,  John    (s.  of  Jac.  Vander  Meulen),  h.   Holland,  Mich., 
Oct.  16,  1870;  H.C.  95,  N.B.S.  98,  1.  CI.  N.B.  ;  ord.  CI.  Ulster.  July  26, 

98:  Blue  Mountain,  98-1901,  W'allkill  Valley.  1901 

Vander  Meulen,  John  M.   (s.  of  Rev.  John  Vander  Meulen).  b.  in  Mil- 
waukee, Wis.  1870;  Hope  Coll.  91;  P.  S.  93-5,  McCormick  Sem.  95-6; 

lie.  by :  Kalamazoo,  2d,  Mich.  96-9,  Grand  Rapids.  1st,  Mich. 

1899-1901,  missionary  among  the  white  settlers  in  Oklahoma,  1901 

Vander   Ploeg,   Harmen,  b.   at   Zandt.   Netherlands.   Jan.   26.    1841  :   c.   to 
America,   66;    H.C.    74,   H.S.   77,   lie.    CI.    Holland:    Fremont    Centre, 
Mich.,  77-78,  Greenleafton,  78-82.  Fulton,  111.  82-87.  Vriesland.  Mich. 
87-90,  Orange  City.  la.  90-1893.  d.  Jan.  13. 
He  was  a  minister  thoroughly  and  earnestly  devoted  to  the  interests  of 
the  church  in  general  and  to  those  of  his  denomination  in  particular;  and 
he  was  ever  in  full  sympathy  with  all  its  missionary  and  educational  oper- 
ations.    He  was  a  dignified  and  popular  minister  of  the  Gospel,  faithful  to 
the  terms  of  the  spiritual  contract  both  as  an  able  expounder  of  the  word 
of  God  and  as  a  conscientious  pastor  and  safe  spiritual  advisor.     "Mints. 
Gen.  Syn.,"  1893.  896. 

Vander  Ploeg.  Herman  (nephew  of  H.  Vander  Ploeg.  above),  b.  Zyldyk. 
Groningen,  Neths.,  Nov.  19,  1862;  H.C.  92,  W.S.  95,  1.  CI.  Holland: 

New  Era,  Mich.  95-1900,  Coopersville,  Mich.  1900 

Vander  Schuur,  K.,  b.  at  Midwolda,  Netherlands,  April  17.  1803.    Studied 
under  Rev.  Mr.  Kok.     Lie.  and  ord.  by  the  Church  of  the  Separated, 
1840;    Hoogeveen,   40-48,   Graafschap,   Mich.,   48-50.   Oostburg,   Wis., 
50-66,  emeritus.     Died  Nov.  17,  1876. 
Having  received  a  religious  training  at  home,  he  indentified  himself  with 
the  interests  of  those  who  had  separated  from  the  National  Church — the 
seceders  or  separated  ones.    This  secession  took  place  about  1828,  on  ac- 
count of  errors  in  doctrine  and  practice,   as  alleged.     He  shared  in  the 
common  persecution  to  which  these  seceders  were  exposed.     At  the  advice 
of  Rev.  Mr.  Knk,  who  was  then  educating  young  men  for  the  ministry, 
he  was  induced  to  leave  a  thriving  business  and  prepare  himself  for  the 
ministry.     Moving  to  Michigan  about  1848.  he  shared  in  all  the  trials  and 
hardships  of  Western  pioneer  life. — John  Hoffman. 

Vander  Schuur,  K.  South  Holland.  49-51,  joined  the  Assoc.  Refd.  Ch. 
Vanderveen.  Christian,  b.  at  Amsterdam,  Neths..  Nov.  15.  1838:  c.  to 
America,  46:  R.C.  58.  N.B.S.  61.  lie.  and  ord.  by  CI.  Holland;  Grand 
Haven,  61-8,  Grand  Rapids.  1st.  68-70.  Third  Editor  of  "De  Hope." 
71-3,  (Canon  City,  Colorado.  Presbyt..  74-5 V  Drenthe,  75-88.  w.  c. 
Died  Oct.  17,  1896. 
For  the  last  seven  or  eight  years  of  his  life  he  made  his  home  in  Grand 


THE    MINISTRY.  8l5 

Rapids.    His  health  steadily  declined,  so  that  he  could  supply  pulpits  only 
occasionally.     He  was,  however,  until   within  a  few  months  of  his  death 
busy  with  his  pen.     His  frequent  contributions  to  the  "Christian  Intelli- 
gencer" appeared  under  the  name  "Paulo."     He  was  much  interested  in 
the  cause  of  education  and  at  different,  times  served  on  educational  boards. 
His  scholarly  qualities  were  of  the  finest,  with  habit  of  thought  that  was 
historical  and  philosophical;  a  style,  both  in  English  and  his  mother  tongue, 
that  was  pure  and  classic,  and  a  captivating  oratory.     He  was  a  profound 
thinker,  and  made  the  heart  feel  the  power  of  his  preaching.     The  testi- 
mony of  the  common  people  was  that  he  did  them  so  much  good.     His 
public  and  private  ministrations  were  most  helpful  and  comforting.    Chil- 
dren have  been  heard  to  say  that  he  made  them  think  of  Jesus.     The  mes- 
sage of  redemption  fired  his  soul  and  glowed  on  his  lips  as  he  often  stood 
enrapt,  with  cheeks  flushed  and  eyes  lit  up,  as  he  proclaimed  the  Gospel. 
Stirred  by  noblest  impulses,  he  was  positive  and  fearless,  provoking  now 
and  then  severe  opposition,  yet  ever  the  courteous  gentleman  with  a  char- 
acter above  reproach.    He  was  loyal  to  his  Church  and  on  several  critical 
occasions  served  her  interests.     Lacking  in  bodily  vigor,  he  possessed  rare 
spiritual  gifts;   laboring  and  ministering  in   his  weariness  and  suffering. 
Limited  in  action,  his  thought  ranged  the  universe.     While  excellent  as  a 
preacher,  literary  critics,  without  knowing  the  author,  ranked  his  writings 
among  those  of  our  best  essayists.     His  last  contribution  to  the  "Intelli- 
gencer" appeared  in  the  issue  of  February  26,  1806.     It  was  written  under 
a  physical  prostration,  from  which  he  was  destined  not  to  rally.     A  mourn- 
ful fitness  was  in  the  theme,  "The  Body  of  Our  Humiliation,"  as  for  years 
the  brilliant  mind  and  zealous  soul  had  been  confined  in  a  weakened  body. 
He  had  faced  death  many  times  before  it  came  to  him  at  last.     "Mints. 
Gen.  Syn.,"  1897,  763.— "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  of  R.C.,"  1897,  20. 
Vanderveer,    Cyrus   G.    (son   of   Ferdinand   H.    Vanderveer),   b.   at    New 
Hurley,  1835;  N.B.S.  59,  1.  CI.  Paramus ;  Miss,  at  Havana,  59,  Daven- 
port, 59-66,  also  Chaplain  in  the  army,  61-2,  Cor.  Sec.  Bd.  Dom.  Miss. 
66-8,  d.     See  Manual  of  1879. 
Publication:     Art.  on  Inspiration  in  "Evang.  Quarterly." 
Vanderveer,  David  N.,  b.  Florida,  Montg.  Co.,  N.Y.,  Sept.  22,  1841  ;  U.C. 
1863,  P.S.  66,  1.   Presbyt.   N.B.  65,  Kingston,  67-76.    (Chicago,  Union 
Park,  Cong.,  76-8).   Brooklyn,  79-86.     Died  1902.     D.D.  by  U.C. 
Vanderveer,   Ferdinand  H.,  b.   near    Somerville,    N.   J.,    1800;   U.C.    1821, 
N.B.S.  23,  1.  CI.   N.B. ;   Miss,  to  Hyde  Park.  23.  to  Ovid,  23,  Hyde 
Park,  23-9,  New  Hurley,  29-39,  Newburgh,  39-42,  Warwick,  42-76,  w.  c. 
Died  July  10,   1881.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1828. 
See  "Ch.   Int.,"  July,   1881. 

Publication:  An  Exegesis  on  "Baptize."  1880. 
Vanderveer,  John,  b.  in  Hunterdon  Co.,  N.J.,  May  5,  1800;  C.N.J.  17, 
N.B.S.  22,  lie.  CI.  N.B;  Miss,  at  Mapletown,  Westerlo,  Canajoharie, 
Oppenheim,  Fayette,  Ovid  and  Union,  23;  (Philipsburgh,  Pa.,  Presbyt., 
24-7),  teacher  at  Easton,  Pa.,  27-54;  d.  1878.  D.D.  by  R.C.  1852.  See 
Manual  of  1879. 


8l6  THE    MINISTRY. 

Vanderveer,  John  Quick.     R.C.    1877,   N.B.S.    1880.     Died   and   buried    at 

sea,  June  24,   1880. 
Vanderveer,   Lauren,  b.   near   Amsterdam,    X.V..    Sept.   6,    1856;   U.C    78, 

N.B.S.  82,  1.  CI.  Schenectady;  supplied  Albany,  3d,  83,  Rotterdam.  2d, 

83-9.   Mt.    Pleasant,  90-1896.     Died   Aug.    17,    1887.    See   "Mints.    Gen. 

Syn.,"   1898,  234. 
Vanderveer,    Peter   L.     R.C.    1868.    N.B.S.    1868-9.    went   to    Germany    to 

stud}'.     Became  a  lawyer.     Died. 
Vander  Voort,  John  C.  b.  at  Bound  Brook,  1798;  Q.C.  1818,  N.B.S.  1819, 

1.    CI.    N.B.    1819;    (German    Valley   and    Fox    Hill,    Presbyt,    1819-26, 

Basking   Ridge),    1826-34,    Totowa.    1st.    1834-7.    Kinderhook,    1837-42, 

Mellenville,    1842-5,   New   Paltz,   1845-8,  Ghent,  2d.    1848-51,  died  June 

21.     See  Manual  of  1879. 
Vandervolgen,  John  V.,  from  Chester  Assoc,  Vt.,  1842 ;  w.  c.  1842-50,  d. 
Vander  Werf.  Anthony,  b.  Neths.,  .March  20,  1S73.  Grand  Rapids  Chris- 
tian Refd.  School,  95,  W.S.   1901.  1.  CI ;  Koster,  1901 

Vander  Were,   Seth.     W.S.    1895,   Chicago.    X.    W.   Ch.   96-9,   Gibbsville, 

1899 

Vander  Wart.  Herman,  b.  in  Netherlands.  1852:   H.C.  73,  N.B.S.  76,  lie. 

CI.    Albany;     Glenville,     2d,    76-83,     Athens.    83-6,     Hackensack,    1st, 

1886^ 

Vandeventer,  John  Cornelius,  b.   N.Y.C.   1847;    N.Y.U.   70,    N.B.S.   73,   1. 

CI.  Bergen  ;  Cold  Spring,  73-5,  Glenham,  75-80,  Paramus,  80-6,  Nyack, 

86-92,  d.  Nov.  8. 
Rev.  Mr.  Vandeventer  was  a  man  'if  superior  qualities  of  heart  and 
mind,  possessing  a  sweet  and  liberal  disposition.  He  was  also  gifted  with 
a  clear  analytical  and  logical  mind.  As  a  preacher,  he  was  very  attractive. 
His  sermons  and  his  lectures  were  not  only  vigorous  and  lucid,  they  were 
also  presented  in  a  winning  way;  it  was  always  a  pleasure  to  listen  to  the 
words  of  truth  which  fell  from  his  lips.  As  a  preacher  he  was  clear  and 
strong  in  thought,  earnest  in  expression  and  entirely  practical  in  the  en- 
forcement of  God's  word.  As  a  leader  of  Christ's  people  in  the  various 
departments  of  Christian  effort,  he  was  peculiarly  skillful  and  wise,  and 
successful  in  originating  and  developing  the  Christian  activities  ol  the 
people  in  such  a  way  as  to  secure  the  harmonious  and  fruitful  co-operation 
of  all.  "V.9  .(  pastor,  tender  and  prudent,  he  endeared  himself  10  all  his 
people,  and  won  the  respect  and  esteem  of  the  community.  To  know  him 
was  to  respect,  to  trust  and  love  him.     "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.."  1803,  891. 

Publk  \no\:     "The  Pastor's  Greeting.*'  Jan.    1.    c88l. 
Vandewall,  Giles,  b.  in  Holland.  October  14.  [828;  studied  in  Holland,  came 

to  America,    [846,  N.B.S.  56,  1.  CI.  N.Y.;  East   Millstone,  56-8;   Mi-. 

in    the   West,   and   teacher   in    Holland    Academy.   5801.    Bloemfontein, 

South  Africa.  01-70,  Paarl,  South   Africa.   1870-96,  d.  Jan.  2. 
Bloemfontein   is  the  capital   of  the  Orange  Free   Stan    Republic.     Paarl 
is  about   thirty-six  miles  from  Capetown,  and  the  R.  D.  church  there  had, 
in    Mr.    Vandewall's    time,    about    1.350   communicants.     Mr.    V.   generally 

ched  in   Dutch,  hut  occasionally  in   English.     His  eldest   son,   Rutger 


THE    MINISTRY.  8l7 

Henry,  was  graduated  from  the  Theological  Seminary  in  South  Africa,  at 
Stellenbosch,  in  August,  1875.  He  subsequently  attended  lectures  at  the 
Universities  of  Edinburgh  and  Utrecht.  Returning  to  South  Africa  in 
February,  1877,  he  was  installed  as  pastor  of  the  church  of  Ficksburg,  in 
the  Orange  Free  State  (then  an  interior  independent  Republic),  in  August, 
1877.  His  second  son,  John  Garretson,  named  after  the  late  Secretary  of 
Domestic  Missions,  is  a  lawyer.  For  thirty- five  years  Mr.  Vandewall  was 
recognized  as  one  of  the  best  scholars,  if  not  the  best,  in  the  South  African 
Dutch  Church.  He  was,  during  all  that  time,  the  chief  examiner  of  stu- 
dents in  the  Oriental  and  Greek  languages,  and  in  theology.  He  had  been 
a  faithful  and  conscientious  student  while  in  the  New  Brunswick  Semi- 
nary. He  could  preach  in  English  with  equal  fluency  as  in  his  native  tongue. 
He  purchased  several  American  carriages  and  an  American  organ,  through 
one  of  his  classmates,  for  himself  or  other  friends  and  introduced  them 
in  South  Africa.  About  1880  he  revisited  America.  He  went  to  South 
Africa  to  help  the  Evangelical  party  there  against  the  rationalists.  The 
voyage  was  long,  the  vessel  being  obliged  to  stop  at  Bahia,  Brazil,  for  re- 
pairs. Several  letters  of  his  may  be  found  in  "Christian  Intelligencer," 
1862  and  onward,  about  the  Dutch  Ch.  in  South  Africa.  He  corresponded 
with  his  classmate,  Corwin. 

Vandewater,  Albertus,  b.  Bushwick.  N.Y.,  Sept.  21,  1821  ;  C.N. J.  46.  P.S. 
49.  lie.  Presbyt.  N.Y.  49;  (Athens,  Pa.,  Presbyt,  49-52):  Spotswood, 
N.  J.,  54-67,  North  Blenheim  and  Breakabin,  67-9,  Ponds,  69-72,  w.  c. 
In  1877  joined  the  Presbyt.,  of  Potosi,  Mo.  Died  Feb.  28,  1879.  See 
"P.S.  Gen.  Cat." 
Van  Doorn,  Marinus,  b.  Neths.,  Feb.  3.  1842:  H.C. ;  N.B.S.  80,  1.  CI. 
N.B.;  ord.  CI.  Geneva,  May  5.  81;  Clymerhil,  81-9,  Newark,  N.Y.  89- 

93,  Pultneyville,  1893 

Van  Doren,  David  K.,  b.  Pluckamin,  N.  J..  Feb.  18.  1S41 ;  N.B.S.  67,  lie. 
CI.  N.B. ;  West  Hurley,  67-9,  Currytown  and  Spraker's  Basin,  69-73, 
Albany.    3d,    73-5,    Saratoga,   75-83.    Scotia,   83-85.    Middleburg,   85-90, 

Dist.  Sup.  Am.  Bible  Soc.  90-98,  New*  Sale  and  Clarksville.  1898 

Van  Doren,  Isaac,  b.  July  9,  1773;  studied  under  Livingston,  lie.  CI.  N.Y., 
1798;    (Hopewell,    Orange    Co.,    N.Y.,    1802-25,    teaching   in    Newark, 
1825-9,  Colleg.  Inst,  for  Young  Ladies  on  Brooklyn  Heights,  1S29-34; 
Coll.  for  Young  Ladies  at  Lexington,  Ky..   1834-8,  Academy  at  War- 
saw,  Ky.,   1838-40:   Miss.   Ch.   at   Iron   Mt..   Missouri,   1840-4,  w.  c,  d. 
1865.) 
He  at  once  entered  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and   spent  many  years  in 
teaching.     His  son,  Rev.  John  Livingston  Van  Doren,  is  an  Episcopalian, 
settled  in  the  West.     See  "Our  Home,"  a  Somerville  magazine,  p.  340.    His 
daughter,   Mrs.   Davidson,   wife  of   Rev.    Dr.   Davidson,   formerly  of   New 
Brunswick,   embalmed   his   religious   life   in   "The   Old    Parsonage,"   pubd. 
by  Presbyt.  Board. 

Van   Doren.  John   Addison,  b.   N.Y.C :   R.C.   1835,   N.B.S.    1838.  1. 

CI.  N.Y..  1838;  Middlebush.  1838-66,  supplied  Lodi,  1866:  S.S.  Clinton 
Station,  1866-72,  w.  c.     Died  Aug.  24,  1886. 


8l8  THE    MINISTRY. 

He  was  obliged,  on  account  of  ill  health,  to  relinquish  the  work  he  loved. 
He  was  a  man  of  large  frame,  and  great  physical  power.  He  was,  previous 
to  h\>  sickness  (congestion  of  the  brain),  a  powerful  preacher.  He  had 
been  trained  under  those  excellent  professors,  Milledoler,  Cannon  and 
McClelland.  He  was  thoroughly  versed  in  theology,  being  very  familiar 
with  its  definitions,  arguments  and  proof  texts;  this  made  him  a  strong 
Biblical  sermonizer.  He  regularly  explained  the  Cathecism.  He  was  a 
faithful  pastor,  and  edified  his  people,  and  enlarged  his  congregation.  For 
twenty  years  he  was  a  man  of  broken  powers,  and  for  fourteen  years  was 
seldom  heard  in  the  pulpit.     ".Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1887,  431-2. 

Van  Doren,  John  Howard,  b.  at  Princeton,  N.  J.,  Aug.  20,  1837;  R.C.  59, 
X.B.S.  64,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  journey  to  China,  Jan. -June,  65,  at  Amoy,  65-8, 
journey  to  America.   May-Oct.  68,   speaking  in  behalf  of  missions   in 
America,  Oct.  68-Oct.  70,  journey  to  China,  Oct. -Dec.  70,  at  Amoy, 
Dec.    70- Feb.    73.    journey     to    America,   Feb.   73,     Cato,   74-6,    Tyre, 
N.Y.  76-82,  Gallupville,  82-6,  Ulster  Park,  86-92.  Bath-on-Hudson,  92- 
8,  died  June  6. 
During  his  seminary  course,  patriotism  became  so  strong  in  him  that,  on 
Sept.  2,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  Co.  K,  13th  Reg.  N.  J.  V.     He  was  honorably 
discharged,  June,  1863.    He  chose  the  mission  field  for  his  labors,  but  twice 
ill  health  drove  him  home.    While  in  China,  he  was  the  author  of  a  mental 
arithmetic  in  the  Amoy  Colloquial,  which  is  yet  (1899)  in  use  in  the  schools 
and  colleges  of  the  district  of  Amoy.    His  advent  to  his  last  field  of  labor, 
Bath-on-the-Hudson,  was  under  very  discouraging  circumstances.    There 
was  only  a  small  nucleus  for  the  organization  of  a  church,  but  by  great 
perseverance  he  succeeded  in  effecting  an  organization,  and  in  erecting  a 
fine  edifice;  yet  no1  a  dollar's  worth  of  work  was  ever  contracted  for  until 
the  money  was  sure.    He  also  refused  to"  raise  a  dollar  for  the  purpose  by 
socials,   fairs,   excursions,   or   any   expedients   of   such   doubtful   propriety. 
His  efforts  in  his  spiritual  duties  were  as  successful  as  his  business  ca- 
pacities.    He  preached  the  Gospel   of  Christ  from  the  heart,   with  great 
acceptance,  and  the  word  preached  was  not  without  its  fruit.    He  was  a 
man  of  mild   and   pleasing  demeanor,  a  good  neighbor  and  citizen,  and. 
perhaps,  he  never  had  a  personal  enemy.     '"Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1899.  55°  — 
"Biog.  Notices- of  Grads.  R.C,"  1899,  16 

Van  Doren,  Luther  11.  (s.  of  Rev.  Isaac  Van  Doren),  b.  Hopewell,  Orange 
\  Y..    r8o8;   C.N.J.    [831;   studied  a  while  with   Rt.   Rev.   Iv.  B. 
Smith.  D.D.,  LL.D.,  P.E.  Bishop  1  I  Kentucky;  1.  Presbyt.  of  West  Lex- 
ington. Ky. :  ord.  Presb.  of  Columbia,  Mo.,  1834;  (St.  Louis,  Farming- 
ton,    Columbia,    Mo.;    Freehold,   Tennenl    Ch.,    N.J.;    Paducah,    Ky. ; 
Spring  St..  50th  St..  New  York;  New  Vernon,  N.  J..  Presb.,  34-71)  ; 
Montville,  71-4;  Middletown,  N.  J.,  74-6,  d. 
He  was  one  of  fourteen  children,  all  heirs  of  the  promise.     He  united 
with  the  church  at  twelve  years  of  age.    His  maternal  grandfather,  Luther 
Halscy.  whose  name  he  bore,  was  an  officer  under  Washington  in  the  Revo- 
lution.   Major  Halsey  had  four  sons  in  the  ministry,  one  of  whom  was  the 
late  Rev.   \brain  0.  Halsey,  of  the  Reformed  Church  of  North  and  South 


THE    MINISTRY.  8lQ 

Hampton,  Pa.  (Halsev.)  Removing  to  Lexington,  Ky.,  after  being 
graduated,  Mr.  Van  Doren  studied  for  orders  in  the  Episcopal  Church, 
under  the  Bishop  of  Kentucky,  whom  to  know  was  to  venerate  and  love. 
Circumstances  subsequently  led  him  into  the  Presbyterian  Church,  but  he 
always  retained  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  Bishop  Smith,  who  still 
speaks  of  him  in  the  most  affectionate  terms. 

In  St.  Louis  he  founded  the  strong  and  influential  First  Church,  to  which 
Rev.  H.  D.  Ganse  afterward  so  ably  ministered.  Subsequently  he  was 
President  of  Columbia  College,  now  the  University  of  Missouri.  But  he 
loved  most  of  all  the  work  to  which  he  had  consecrated  his  life.  There 
his  thought  had  power,  and  his  tender-heartedness  overflowed.  Largely 
were  his  sermons  blessed.  Revival  succeeded  revival ;  three  hundred  were 
added  to  the  church  as  the  fruit  of  one  revival ;  and  in  such  an  element  he 
almost  perpetually  lived. 

He  was  twice  married;  first  to  Miss  Susan  Wynkoop,  of  his  uncle 
Abram  O.  Halsey's  congregation,  and  subsequently,  in  1840,  to  Miss  Lydia 
A.,  daughter  of  Rev.  Dr.  James  Carnahan,  President  of  the  College  of 
New  Jersey. 

The  Master  came  for  him  suddenly,  but  found  him  faithful  unto  death. 
With  no  prolonged  illness,  but  as  an  infant  drops  to  quiet  slumber,  he 
passed  to  a  crown  of  life. — Chs.  D.  Buck.  Funeral  Sermon  by  Rev.  W.  B. 
Merritt. 

Publications  :  "Triumphs  of  Grace" :  A  Disc,  on  the  Death  of  Richard 
W.  Redfield.  1847. — Commentary  on  the  Gospels.  2  vols. — Com.  on 
Romans.  2  vols.  1873.— "Mercantile  Morals."  1852.— Many  articles  in 
the  Religious  Papers.— A  Series  of  Letters  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  in  1854-5,  on  his 
foreign  travels. 

Van  Doren,  Wm.  H.  (s.  of  Is.  Van  Doren).  P.S.  1840  (?)  Williamsburgh, 
1840-9,  Piermont,  2d,  52-3,  w.  c.  (Presbyt.  St.  Louis,  Mo.)  D.D.  by 
R.C.    1869.     Died,  1882.     Sketch  in  "N.Y.  Observer,"  Sept.  4,  1882. 

Van  Doren.  Wm.  H.  R.C.  1867,  N.B.S.  71,  lie.  CI.  N.B. ;  West  End, 
Jersey  City,  71-7,  Blooming  Grove,  77-82,  West  Hurley  and  Stewart- 
ville,  83-4,  Laboring  for  Ohio  Tract  Society,  85-6,  Fairview,  88-93, 
Spotswood,  94-5.  w.  c. 

Van  Doren,  Wm.  Theodore  (brother  of  J.  A.  Van  Doren)  ;  R.C.  1837, 
N.B.S.  40,  1.  CI.  N.Y. ;  voyage  to  Borneo,  Nov.  40-March,  41,  Miss, 
in  Batavia,  41-2,  Woodstock,  N.Y.,  43-5,  (Port  Byron,  Presbyt.,  45- 
52),  Mott  Haven,  52-3,  Ramapo,  53-7,  South  Bend,  57-9,  Chaplain  in 
Army,  7th  Missouri  Cavalry,  61-2,  w.  c.     Died  1886. 

Van  Driessen,  Johannes,  b.  1697,  matriculated  at  University  of  Groningen, 
May  13,  1717,  as  a  student  of  theology,  giving  his  residence  as 
Monoghodamensis ;  lie.  and  ord.  in  New  Haven,  by  a  Congregational 
Council,  Ap.  13,  1727;  Gaverack,  Kinderhook  and  Livingston  Manor, 
1727-8,  Kinderhook,  1728-35.  intruding  at  New  Paltz  and  out-stations, 
1732,  as  well  as  at  Germantown ;  Aquackononck  and  Pompton,  1735- 
48,  silenced.  Also  occasionally  supplied  Paramus,  1731-2,  1735-48. 
He  was  educated  in  Belgium,  but.  with  a  letter  from  Patroon  Van  Rens- 


$20  THE    MI  XI -TRY. 

selaer,  he  proceeded  to  Yale  College,  and  was  licensed  and  ordained  by 
the  Congregationalists.  His  brother  Peter,  of  Albany,  helped  him  in  this 
matter,  contrary  to  the  emphatic  advice  of  the  ministers  of  New  York 
and  Kingston.  When  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  heard  of  this  circum- 
stance, they  expressed  their  profound  sorrow  that  such  a  one  as  John  Van 
Driessen  had  now  succeeded  in  thrusting  himself  into  the  ministry.  They 
censured  Peter  Van  Driessen  for  his  course,  and  commended  those  who 
opposed  him.  They  declared  John  to  he  no  legal  minister  in  the  Re- 
formed Dutch  Church,  because  the  Independents  in  New  Haven  had  no 
right  to  commission  ministers  for  Dutch  churches ;  because  his  conduct 
was  then  and  had  been  very  far  from  correct;  and  lastly,  because  he  had 
previously,  as  well  as  in  1727,  presented  forged  certificates.  For  on  Sept. 
4,  1 719,  he  appeared  before  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  with  a  professorial 
certificate,  purporting  to  be  signed  by  two  of  the  professors  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Groningen.  His  examination  was  proceeded  with,  but  was  so  poorly 
sustained  as  to  disgust  the  Classis.  One  and  another  then  looked  at  his 
certificate,  and  expressed  their  doubts  as  to  the  genuineness  of  the  signa- 
tures. The  examination  was  suspended,  and  Van  Driessen  was  confronted 
with  the  charge  of  forgery.  He  finally  confessed  it,  and  was  dismissed 
with  stern  admonitions,  and  warned  to  drop  the  study  of  theology  with  a 
view  to  entering  the  ministry.  He  came  to  America,  and  eight  years  later 
tried  the  same  thing  again,  and  now  with  lamentable  success.  Owing  to 
the  lack  of  ecclesiastical  judicatures  in  America,  he  managed  to  find,  for 
twenty-one  years,  congregations  which  would  accept  him.  Finally  he  was 
silenced.  The  Classis  charged  his  brother  with  knowing  the  falsity  of  the 
certificates  which  John  used  at  New  Haven,  and  Peter's  angry  conduct  in 
the  matter  toward  the  people  of  Claverack  tends  to  strengthen  the  charge. 
No  minister  had  yet  been  legally  ordained  in  America  by  the  Dutch,  al- 
though  Tesschenmaekcr's  ordination  (1679)  had  been  ratified  afterward, 
while  Paul  Van  Vleck's  (1710)  was  altogether  irregular.  (TESSCHEN- 
makkkr.  Van  \  i  i m  k,  Freeman.)  Partly  for  these  reasons  the  Classis 
permitted  Boehme  (i7_'<i)  and  Schuyler  (17.^0)  to  be  ordained  by  the 
ministers  here,  and  thus  the  way  was  prepared  tor  the  Ccetus.  Without 
some  ecclesiastical  authority  in  the  American  churches,  such  impositions 
could  not  he  altogether  prevented.  "Amst.  Cor."  several  letters.  "Stitt's 
Hist,  of  Ch.  of  New  Paltz."  "Zabriskie's  Claverack  Centennial.*'  "Mints. 
of  Ccetus."  "Doct.  Hist."  iii.  916.  His  professed  literary  testimonials 
from  Momkemdam,  Hardenwyck  and  Utrecht  are  inserted  in  the  Aquack- 
anonck  records.  He  continued  his  studies  with  his  brother  Peter  at  Al- 
bany. When  his  case  was  strted  at  Yale  College,  and  his  testimonials 
shown,  he  was  ordained  by  a  council  for  the  service  of  the  Dutch  churches 
on  the  North  River.    We  append  this  certificate,  as  an  interesting  relic: 

Omnibus  in  Christo  fidelibus  hie  et  ubique  has  prosentes  inspecturis,  salu- 
tem  in  Domino.  Vobis  notum  sit  quod  nos  Neo-Portensis  in  Colonia  Conneeti- 
1  utensi  comitatua  presbyter)  undecim  numero  totidemque  ecclesiarum  pastores 
in  unam  ad  constrtutum  predicts  colonic  associationem  formati  unumquo  in 
locum  in  aula  sc.  gymnasii  Yaiensis  conventi,  dominum  .lolumnem  Van  Dries- 
sen  Belgioum  Lug.  Batavorum  educatum,  ac  nobis  examini  sufficienti  caute  ex- 
ploratum,    testimonium    item   ,],■  iii'irum  probitate  ecclesiastico  bene  ccgnitione 


THE    MINISTRY.  821 

in  officium  et  munus  ministerii  evangelici  precibus  ad  celeste  numen  auirnatus 
et  admotus,  manumque  impositione,  et  Domine  nostri  Jesu,  altissimi  nomine  av- 
ocavimus,  segregavirnus  et  ordinavimus.  Ac  in  peculiare  servitium  Christian- 
orum  D.  D.  Livingstone  &  Rensellaer  dominatum  .  .  .  olentium  cordate 
commendamus  et  renunciamus.  In  cujus  rei  testimonium  has  literas  modera- 
toris-hujus  associatioais  ejusdemque  scribse  hominibua  signatis  et  firmatas 
omnes   unicas   voluimus   ac  destimus. 

Jonathan  Arnold,  Samuel  Russell, 

Scribe.  Moderator. 

Ap.   13,  1727. 

He  was  careful  to  enter  this  letter  in  the  records  of  every  church  where 
he  officiated. 

Van  Driessen,  Petrus  Henricus  (brother  of  Johannes  Van  Driessen), 
matriculated  at  Groningen  University,  Nov.  2,  1705,  giving  his  resi- 
dence as  Coevordiensis.  A  Latin  note  appended  to  his  name,  reads  as 
follows:  Hujus  Dn.  Patri  per  Pedellum  remisi  oblatum. — Albany, 
1712-38.  Also  supplied  Kinderhook,  1712-27;  Linlithgow,  1722-37?, 
and  Schenectady,  occasionally.  Died  Jan.  1738.  He  was  also  mission- 
ary to  the  neighboring  Indians. 

His  conduct,  in  connection  with  his  brother  (see  above)  does  not  indi- 
cate a  very  high  tone  of  character,  and  his  letters  leave  the  same  impres- 
sion. The  old  stone  church  at  the  foot  of  State  Street  in  Albany  was 
built  in  1715,  during  his  ministry  there.  He  was  married  by  Rev.  Peter 
Vas,  of  Kingston,  on  Aug.  26,  1712,  to  Eva,  daughter  of  Hendrick  and 
Anna  Cuyler.  See  "Rogers'  Hist.  Discourse."  ''Doc.  Hist.,"  iii.  546,  548- 
552.  "Amsterdam  Correspondence,"  now  in  course  of  publication  by  the 
State  of  New  York. 

Publications:  Aanbiddelijkle  wegen  God's  in  zijne  Souveraine  Bestu- 
ringe,  besonder  over  de  Machten  deser  Wereld  verklaart  en  toegepast  in 
drie  Fredicatien,  door  P.  V.  D.,  V.D.M.  te  Nieuw  Albania,  N.Y.,  gedrukt 
by  J.  Pieter  Zenger.     4to,  pp.  79.     1726. 

("Adorable  Ways  of  God  in  his  Sovereign  Government,  especially  on 
the  Powers  of  this  World,"  explained  and  applied  in  three  Sermons,  by 
P.  Van  Driessen,  Verbi  Dei  Minister  in  New  Albany.) 

A  copy  of  this  rare  volume  was  in  possession  of  Hon.  Henry  C.  Murphy, 
of  Brooklyn,  N.Y.  Two  of  the  above-mentioned  discourses  were  preached 
on  the  accession  of  George  I.,  and  one  on  occasion  of  Governor  Burnet's 
treaty  with  the  Five  Nations.  The  introduction  to  these  sermons,  addressed 
to  Governor  Burnet,  is  given  by  Dr.  E.  P.  Rogers,  in  his  "Hist.  Discourse" 
at  Albany,  1857,  pp.  63-67. 

Van  Duine,  Anthony  M.,  b.  Holland,  Mich.,  Sept.  10,  1863;  H.C.  89, 
W.S.  92,  1.  CI.  Holland;  ord.  CI.  Iowa,  May  27,  92;  Holland,  Neb. 
92-1900,  Newkirk,  la.  1900 

Van  Dyck,  Alexander  S.,  b.  N.Y.C.,  Nov.  25,  1858;  C.C.N.Y.  79,  N.B.S. 
82,  1.  N.  CI.  L.I. ;  ord.  by  same,  Oct.  17,  82;  Missionary  at  Amoy, 
China,  Dec.  82-March  95;  Highland  Park,  N.  J.  1897 

Van  Dyck,  Cornelius  L.,  b.  at  Kinderhook,  1804;  U.C.  26,  N.B.S.  29,  1. 
CI ;  Marbletown,  29-53,  North  Esopus   (Port  Ewen),  56-66,  d. 


822  THE    MINISTRY. 

He  was  brought  into  the  church  at  the  early  age  of  sixteen,  under  the 
pastoral  care  of  Rev.  Jacob  Sickles.  He  was  diligent,  faithful,  and  prudent 
in  the  exercise  of  his  ministry,  in  both  his  fields  of  labor,  developing  the 
activities  and  strengthening  the  interests  of  the  churches.  He  was  pre- 
eminently devout  and  spiritually  minded,  as  his  entire  life  testified.  When 
as  yet  a  youth,  the  other  members  of  his  father's  family  as  much  dreaded 
to  incur  his  displeasure  and  rebuke  as  they  did  that  of  their  parents.  Even 
wicked  men,  while  they  feared,  also  loved  and  respected  him  for  his  con- 
sistent piety.  His  life  and  character  were  transparent.  Possessed  of  a 
clear,  sound,  and  practical  judgment,  he  was  a  wise  and  prudent  coun- 
selor. While  his  words  were  free,  they  were  weighty,  the  opinion  of  no 
member  of  Classis  exercising  more  influence  than  his.  He  continued  to 
labor  up  to  the  last  Sabbath  of  his  life. 

Van  Dyck,  Cornelius  Van  Allen,  b.  at  Kinderhook,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  13,  1818; 
studied  at  Kinderhook  Academy;  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.,  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  39;  appointed  medical  missionary  to  Syria,  by  A.B.C.F.M.  39; 
voyage  to  Syria,  Jan.-Ap.  2,  40;  founded  Boys'  Sem.  at  Abeih,  Mt. 
Lebanon,  43;  in  charge  of  same,  43-51;  ordained  by  Syrian  Mission, 
Jan.  14,  1846. 

Principal  of  Missionary  Sem.  48-52,  transferred  to  Sidon  field,  52-7,  (in 
United  States,  53-4)  ;  appointed  to  complete  Arabic  translation  of  Bible, 
and  transferred  to  Beyrout,  57,  manager  of  Mission  Press  at  Beyrout, 
57-80;  elected  corresponding  member  of  the  "Deutsche  Morgenlandsche 
Geschellschaft,"  1858;  visited  Europe  in  reference  to  the  Arabic  transla- 
tion of  Bible,  60;  said  translation  completed,  Aug.  22,  1864. — In  New  York 
City,  supervising  the  making  of  electrotype  plates  for  said  translation, 
65-7,  teacher  of  Hebrew  in  Union  Sem.  66-7;  (Heb.  Professorship  offered 
him   in   U.S.,   but  declined.) 

Returned  to  Syria,  1867,  director  of  the  Mission  Press ;  editor  of  first 
religious  newspaper  in  Arabic ;  Professor  of  chemistry  and  pathology,  in 
Med.  Dept.  of  Syrian  Prot.  Coll. — After  about  five  years.  Prof,  of  Astron- 
omy and  director  of  the  Observatory.  (Much  of  that  service,  gratuitous; 
large  part  of  the  apparatus  procured  at  his  own  expense,  and  subsequently 
transferred  to  the  College  at  about  half-price.) 

About  1871,  as  Prof,  of  Pathology  in  the  Syr.  Prot.  Coll.,  became  physi- 
cian to  the  Hospital,  founded  and  maintained  by  the  Knights  of  St.  John 
in  Prussia.  In  1879,  received  from  the  King  of  Prussia  the  gold  decoration 
and  "Order  of  the  Royal  Crown."  In  summer  of  82,  short  vacation  of  six 
weeks  in  Vienna ;  in  Dec,  82,  resigned  his  connection  with  the  College. 

Physician  to  St.  George's  Hospital,  which  was  founded  and  maintained 
by  the  Orthodox  Greek  sect  of  native  Syrians,  83-94. — Jubilee  celebration 
of  his  landing  in  Syria,  Ap.  2,  1890.     Died  Nov.  13,  1895,  aged  77  years. 

M.D.  by  Jeff.  Med.  Coll.,  Philadelphia,  1839—  D.D.  by  R.C.,  1865.— 
L.H.D.  by  R.C,  1890.— LL.D.  by  University  of  Edinburgh.  1892;  Con- 
ferred "in  absentia" — a  very  unusual  honor. 

He  was  the  third  son  of  Henry  L.  Van  Dyck,  M.D.,  and  Catharine  Van 
Alen.    His  brothers  were  the  late  Rev.  Laurence  H.  Van  Dyck ;  and  Rev 


C.  V.  A.   Van  Dyck. 


THE    MINISTRY.  823 

Dr.  Henry  Van  Dyck,  of  Brooklyn,  a  man  of  eminent  character  and  wide 
reputation.  The  parents  were  of  godly  ancestry  who  had  been  identified 
with  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  of  Kinderhook  from  its  beginning.  They 
were  both  of  exalted  Christian  character,  as  well  as  of  high  social  standing. 
The  influence  of  their  example  and  training,  and  the  answers  to  their 
prayers  appeared  in  the  life  and  character  of  all  their  children,  both  boys 
and  girls. 

At  the  age  of  thirteen  (Aug.  23,  1831),  Cornelius  became  a  member  of 
the  Kinderhook  church,  and  thence  his  membership  was  never  removed. 
The  Kinderhook  Academy,  at  which  he  was  educated  in  English  and  the 
classics,  was,  at  that  time,  an  institution  of  high  standing  and  almost  na- 
tional repute.  Deciding  to  follow  his  father's  profession,  and  having  ob- 
tained his  M.D.  in  Philadelphia,  he  offered  himself  to  the  service  of  the 
Lord  in  Syria.  This  was,  at  that  time,  a  difficult  and  most  unpromising 
field,  but  a  high  sense  of  duty  and  a  consecrated  heart  made  it  a  welcome 
field  to  him.  On  his  arrival  in  Syria  he  applied  himself  to  the  studv  of 
Arabic,  and  with  his  diligence  and  an  unusual  aptitude  for  languages,  his 
progress  was  rapid.  He  quickly  outstripped  his  fellow-students,  and  be- 
came so  accurate  and  fluent  in  the  language,  that  native-speaking  Arabs 
mistook  him,  sometimes,  for  one  of  themselves ;  so  that,  on  one  occasion, 
indeed,  from  this  cause,  in  a  conflict  between  Maronites  and  Druses,  his 
life  was  in  danger.  His  Moslem  dress  and  his  perfect  Arabic  were  re- 
garded as  disproving  his  claims  to  be  an  American. 

Scarcely  a  question  could  be  asked  concerning  an  Arabic  word  that  he 
was  not  ready  to  answer  at  once.  And  not  only  that,  but  having  a  wonder- 
ful memory  as  well,  it  was  hard  to  find  any  Arabic  word  for  which  he 
could  not  quote  a  line  of  poetry  off-hand,  from  some  classic  author,  who 
had  used  it.  He  came  to  be  recognized  as  the  first  Arabic  scholar  of  the 
world.  Under  these  circumstances,  there  was  but  one  answer  to  the  ques- 
tion of  the  Mission  and  the  American  Board,  as  to  the  man  best  qualified 
to  complete  the  translation  of  the  Bible,  on  which  Dr.  Eli  Smith  had 
labored  for  about  eight  years.  Scarcely  iess  proficient  in  Hebrew  and 
Greek  than  in  Arabic,  he  was  peculiarly  qualified  for  this  monumental 
work  of  giving  the  Scriptures  to  the  many  millions  of  Arabic-speaking 
people.  Revising,  and,  to  a  considerable  degree,  re-writing  all  of  Dr. 
Smith's  work,  the  Pentateuch  excepted,  he  produced  a  translation  which, 
for  accuracy  and  elegance,  is  the  wonder  of  scholars  and  the  joy  of  all 
lovers  of  pure  Arabic.  This  alone  will  give  him  an  immortality  of  honor, 
and  make  his  name  precious  io  the  hearts  of  Christians  for  generations 
to  come.  The  best  native  scholars,  and  the  world's  most  eminent  Oriental- 
ists were  constantly  consulted.  The  result  is  an  unsurpassed  classic  for 
all  Arabic-speaking  people.  The  Mission  Press  in  Beyrout  printed  every 
year,  about  15,000,000  pages,  perhaps  more,  of  this  Bible,  every  word  of 
which  was  first  written  in  Arabic  characters  by  these  two  men,  whose 
graves  are  in  the  Beyrout  cemetery.  This  work  and  these  men  have  justly 
been  termed  "America's  gift  to  the  Moslem  world." 

The  introductory  outline  (given  above)  of  Dr.  Van  Dyck's  life  and 
labors  reveals  how  many  and  varied  were  his  services  to  Christ  and  hu- 


824  THE    MINISTRY. 

manity.  They  cannot  be  presented  in  detail  in  the  space  allotted  to  this 
sketch.  Few  have  had  such  qualifications  and  opportunities  for  manifest 
service.  He  was  a  devoted  Christian  missionary;  an  accomplished,  al- 
most an  encyclopedic  scholar;  an  unusually  successful  writer  and  trans- 
lator of  many  books  of  wide  range ;  an  eminent  teacher  and  Professor, 
indeed,  almost  a  well-equipped  University  Faculty  in  himself;  a  skillful 
and  beloved  physician  and  surgeon,  he  has  rendered  Christ,  His  church 
and  the  world  a  service  rarely  paralleled. 

During  fifty-five  years  of  missionary  service  he  visited  his  native  land 
only  twice;  once  on  furlough,  and  once  on  missionary  business.  His 
habits  of  living  were  almost  ascetic  in  their  simplicity.  He  had  great 
fondness  for  animals,  especially  for  dogs,  which  always  became  devotedly 
attached  to  him.  An  .American  visitor  speaks  of  seeing  in  his  study  a  hang- 
ing lamp,  around  the  top  of  the  chain  of  which  a  swallow  was  building 
her  nest;  "and  the  gentle  old  man  had  carefully  spread  newspapers  on 
the  floor,  to  catch  the  falling  bits.  Dr.  Van  Dyck  explained  that  the 
swallow  had  been  driven  in  by  other  birds,  and  he  could  not  turn  it  out." 
lie  had  a  keen  sense  of  humor  and  was  very  fond  of  a  good  joke.  He 
was  the  staunchest  of  friends  and  the  most  outspoken  of  antagonists. 
Although  not  without  acrimony,  at  times,  in  the  heat  of  controversy,  he 
scorned  all  that  was  unfair  or  underhanded.  His  character  and  services 
won  wide  recognition  from  all  ranks  and  sects.  The  first  marble  Memorial 
erected  in  Syria  in  modern  times  was  his  marble  bust  in  the  court  of  St. 
George's  Hospital ;  evincing  the  affection  of  the  Orthodox  Greeks  for  the 
faithful  physician  and   missionary. 

The  tribute  rendered  to  him  at  the  Jubilee  Services  on  the  completion  of 
fifty  years  in  Syria,  by  Christians,  Moslems.  Maronites.  Druses,  Jews,  of 
every  rank  and  condition,  was  such  as  no  foreigner  had  ever  received. 
A  Syrian  expression  of  the  feeling  of  his  people  was :  "We  say — after 
God,  Van  Dyck." 

In  the  autumn  of  1895.  Dr.  Van  Dyck,  already  much  enfeebled,  was 
attacked  by  prevailing  typhoid  fever,  and  after  a  short  illness  "fell  asleep." 
His  funeral  was  attended  by  a  vast  concourse,  representing  every  rank, 
nationality  and  religious  faith.  His  remains  were  placed  in  the  Mission 
Cemetery  at  Beyrout,  near  the  church  in  which  he  often  preached,  and 
not  far  from  the  graves  of  his  honored  predecessors,  Pliny  Fiske  and  Eli 
Smith.  The  whole  Christian  world  grieved  with  the  bereaved  family, 
mission  and  people  of  Syria,  and  rendered  glowing  tribute  to  his  life  and 
service,  while  rejoicing  in  the  assured  and  all-rewarding  welcome  of  the 
King — "Well-done,  good  and  faithful  servant!" 

He  had  married,  on  Dec.  23,  1842.  Julia  Abbott,  daughter  of  the  British 
consul.  Hi->  widow,  two  sons  and  two  daughters,  survived  him.  The 
elder  son,  Edward,  is  an  Egyptian  government  official ;  the  younger,  Wil- 
liam Thompson  Van  Dyck.  M.D..  is  a  distinguished  physician  in  Beyrout. 
To  the  latter  the  writer  is  much  indebted  for  assistance  in  the  prepara- 
tion of  this  sketch.  All  other  available  sources  of  information  have  been 
freely  used. — See  also  Manual  of  1879.  See  "Anderson's  Hist,  of  the  Mis- 
sions of  the  American  Board  to  the  Oriental  Chs.,"  i.  249;  ii.  328,  345,  366, 


THE    MINISTRY. 


82  = 


368.     In  "Bibliotheca  Sacra,"  xxvi.  170,  Van  Dyck's  opinion  is  quoted  on 
the  wines  of  Syria. 

Publications  in  Arabic:  "Westminster  Assembly's  Shorter  Cate- 
chism," 1843.  Last  edition,  1884. — "Manual  of  Geography,"  1852,  1876, 
1885. — "School  Geography,"  1850;  3d  ed.  1886.— "Manual  of  Algebra," 
1852,  1877. — "Elements  of  Euclid's  Geometry,"  1857. — '"Arabic  Prosody 
and  Versification,"  1857. — "Translation  of  the  Bible,"  1857-64. — "Manual 
of  Chemistry,  Organic  and  Inorganic,"  1869.— "Treatise  on  Smallpox  and 
Measles,"  1872. — "Manual  of  Trigonometry,  Logarithms,  etc.,  with 
Tables,"  1873. — "Manual  of  Mensuration,  Surveying  and  Navigation," 
1873. — "Manual  of  Physical  Diagnosis,"  1874. — "Treatise  on  Astronomy," 
1874. — "Text-Book  of  Pathology  and  Practice  of  Medicine,"  1878. — 
"Translation  of  D'Aubignes's  Hist,  of  the  Reformation,"  1878. — "Schon- 
berg-Cotta  Family,"  1885. — "Primers  of  Science,"  8  vols.  1886-9. — 
"Practical  Astronomy,"  1893. — Sundry  Sermons,  Catechisms,  etc.,  etc., 
published  from  time  to  time. — Translation  of  Ben-Hur,  1896.  Posthumous. 
—Many  Tracts.— By  Rev.  Dr.  Edward  Collier.— See  also  Dr.  T.  W.  Welle's 
"Ancestral  Tablets,"  p.  238. 

Van  Dyck,  Ezekiel  Deyo,  b.  New  Paltz,  N.Y.,  Feb.   15,  1858;  N.Y.U.  80, 
U.S.   83.    A  candidate  in   S.   CI.   Long  Is.    1883.      See   "Union    Sem. 
Gen.  Cat." 
Van  Dyck,  Lawrence  H.   (brother  of  C.  V.  A.  Van  Dyck),  b.  at  Kinder- 
hook,  N.Y.,  Oct.  5,  1807;  A.C.  1830,  Aub.  S.  33,  lie.  and  crd.  Presbyt. 
Cayuga,  33,  agent  in  Kentucky  for  Tract  Society,  33-5,   (Cairo,  N.Y., 
Presbyt.  35-9,  Spencertown,  N.Y.,  Presbyt.  39-44),  Gilboa,  44-52,  Hel- 
derbergh,  52-6,  Blooming  Grove,  56-61,   Stone  Arabia,  61-7,  teaching 
69-70,   Unionville,   70-6,   Rector  of   Hertzog  Hall,  76-81,   w.   c,   d.  at 
Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  Jan.  24,   1893. 
He  was  a   faithful,  conscientious  minister  of  the  Gospel  of  the   Lord 
Jesus  Christ,  preaching  the  truth  plainly,  rebuking  sin  fearlessly  and  ever 
pointing  to  Christ  as  the  only  hope  of  the  perishing.     He  was  very  eloquent 
in  prayer,  a  modest,  unassuming  man,  lacking,  perhaps,  in  self-assertion, 
but  pure  of  heart,  true  and  steadfast  to  principle  and  duty ;  and  from  the 
beginning  to  the  end  of  his  ministerial  career,  devoted  to  the  work  of  the 
Master,  and  earnestly  concerned  for  the  edification  and  salvation  of  man- 
kind. 

He  was  the  son  of  Henry  L.  Van  Dyck,  M.D.,  a  prominent  elder  for 
many  years  in  the  Reformed  Church  of  Kinderhook,  N.  Y.,  a  descendant 
in  the  sixth  generation,  of  Hendrick  Van  Dyck,  who  came  to  America, 
from  Utrecht,  Holland,  in  1640,  as  Ensign  commandant,  in  the  service  of 
the  West  India  Company  of  Holland.  When  Director  Kieft  was  recalled 
and  the  colonial  government  was  reorganized.  Ensign  Van  Dyck,  having 
returned  to  Holland,  was  appointed  "Scout  Fiscaal,"  or  Treasurer  and  At- 
torney-General, of  the  Dutch  possessions  in  America,  and  setting  sail  from 
the  Texel,  on  Christmas  Day,  1646,  with  Petrus  Stuyvesant,  First  Director 
of  the  colony,  and  Lubbertus  Van  Dincklagen,  Vice-Director,  landed  at 
New  Amsterdam,   May   11,    1647.     Before   reaching   America,    Stuyvesant 


826  THE    MINISTRY. 

and  Van  Dyck  were  in  conflict  in  relation  to  the  duties  of  their  respective 
offices,  and  for  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century  their  contentions  were  a 
prominent  feature  in  the  politics  of  New  Amsterdam.  Van  Dyck  had  a 
country  seat  at  Morris  Street  on  the  west  side  of  Broadway,  where,  "not 
troubling  himself  with  the  affairs  of  office,  he  lived  many  years  in  private 
life,  esteemed  and  respected  as  an  honorable  gentleman  in  more  than  com- 
fortable circumstances."  His  name  is  in  the  list  of  "Groot  Bingenecht," 
or  the  "Great  Citizenship,"  which  contains  but  eighteen  names — the  aris- 
tocracy of  the  city.  His  only  son,  Cornelius,  was  a  physician  with  a  large 
practice  at  Albany,  N.  Y.  The  family  occupies  a  prominent  place  in  colo- 
nial history,  along  with  the  Schuylers,  Van  Derpoels,  Van  Rensselears, 
Staats,  Van  Alens,  etc.,  marriages  with  whom  occasioned  an  identity  of 
interests  and  ancestry.  See  "Ancestral  Tablets,"  by  Theo.  W.  Welles; 
also  "Mints.  Gen.  Synod,"  1893,  892. 

Publications:  "The  Death  of  the  Righteous  Desirable":  a  sermon 
at  funeral  of  Mrs.  Clarissa  Page,  1847.  "A  History  of  the  Bible  Society 
of  Montgomery  County,  N.  Y.,"  1867. 

Van  Dyck,  Leonard  B.  U.C.  1824,  (N.B.S.  1827),  1.  by  Presbyt.  of  Co- 
lumbia, 1827;  (Osbornville,  (Windham),  Greene  Co.,  N.  Y.,  1828- 
70?)  Died  1877. 
During  the  latter  part  of  his  seminary  course,  a  controversy  was  carried 
on  between  Princeton  on  the  one  side  and  Andover  on  the  ether,  in  re- 
gard to  the  doctrines  of  the  "extent  of  the  atonement,"  the  "eternal  gen- 
eration of  the  Son,"  and  the  "procession  of  the  Holy  Ghost."  Mr.  Van 
Dyck  read  what  was  published  on  each  side,  and  the  consequence  was  that 
his  mind  became  somewhat  uncertain  in  regard  to  one  or  two  of  these 
points,  he  not  deciding  on  which  side  the  truth  lay.  Accordingly,  at  the 
close  of  his  seminary  term,  when  the  Board  of  Superintendents  were  to 
meet  for  the  examination  of  the  students,  Mr.  V.  D.  sent  in  a  written 
communication  to  Dr.  Milledoler,  the  President,  frankly  stating  his  diffi- 
culties upon  those  points  of  doctrine,  and  saying  that  he  neither  affirmed 
nor  denied  which  was  the  true  view;  his  mind  was  simply  in  dubio;  he 
could  not  then  decide  the  matter.  This  communication  Dr.  Milledoler  laid 
before  the  Board  of  Superintendents,  and  though  his  examination  was 
entirely  satisfactory  in  every  other  respect  (for  he  stood  high  in  scholar- 
ship), yet  the  Board  refused  to  give  him  a  certificate  of  approval  and  a 
recommendation  to  his  Classis  (that  of  Greene)  for  licensure,  and  re- 
solved that  Mr.  V.  D.  be  advised  to  remain  in  the  seminary  until  his  views 
are  settled.  He  returned  to  his  home  in  Coxsackie,  N.  Y.,  and  laid  the 
matter  before  his  pastor  (afterward  the  Rev.  G.  R.  Livingston,  D.D.,  of 
Philadelphia)  and  his  father,  Abm.  Van  Dyck,  Esq.,  for  many  years  an 
elder  of  the  church  of  Coxsackie,  and  distinguished  as  a  counselor-at-law. 
They  both,  discovering  in  the  circumstances  of  the  case  no  good  reason 
why  he  should  not  be  allowed  to  preach  the  Gospel,  for  which  he  was 
fully  qualified,  consented,  if  they  did  not  advise,  that  he  should  make  his 
case  known  to  the  Presbytery  of  Columbia,  and  apply  for  licensure  to  that 
body.    This  he  did,  and  after  due  examination  was  cordially  licensed  as  a 


THE    MINISTRY.  827 

candidate  for  the  ministry.  This  action  produced  a  ferment  among  some 
of  the  ministers  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church,  insomuch  that  a  com- 
plaint against  the  Presbytery  of  Columbia  was  brought  by  the  General 
Synod  before  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  The 
General  Assembly  passed  no  censure  upon  the  Presbytery  of  Columbia; 
but,  by  some  authority  of  the  R.  D.  Ch.  (the  writer  does  not  know  what 
authority),  Mr.  Van  Dyck  was  published  as  being  heretical,  and  the 
churches  were  warned  not  to  receive  him  into  their  pulpits.  This  pro- 
ceeding induced  Mr.  Van  Dyck's  father  to  take  up  his  pen,  not  so  much 
in  his  son's  behalf,  as  to  show  that  some  of  those  doctrines  which  it  was 
supposed  he  had  embraced  contrary  to  the  generally  accepted  faith  of  the 
R.  D.  Ch.,  were  not  only  scriptural,  but  in  entire  conformity  with  the 
standards  of  that  Church  itself.  E.  g.,  he  published  a  somewhat  formida- 
ble pamphlet,  in  which  he  undertook  to  prove  that  the  "Heidelberg  Cate- 
chism" and  the  "Confession  of  Faith"  teach  the  doctrine  of  general  in 
distinction  from  limited  atonement.  The  whole  matter,  however,  gradually 
subsided,  and  Mr.  Van  Dyck  continued  to  exercise  his  ministry  in  the 
Presbyterian  Church  for  many  years  with  great  acceptance  and  usefulness, 
until  a  few  years  before  his  death  a  failure  of  his  voice  obliged  him  to 
cease  preaching.  The  greater  part  of  his  ministerial  life  was  spent  as  pas- 
tor of  the  Presbyterian  church  in  Osbornville,  (Windham),  Greene  Co., 
N.  Y.  Here  he  labored  many  years  faithfully  and  successfully  until  the 
loss  of  his  voice,  after  which  he  removed  to  his  native  village,  Coxsackie, 
where  he  died  in  1877. — Rev.  Lawrence  H.  Van  Dyck. 

See  "Remarks  on  Liberty  of  Conscience,  Human  Creeds,  and  Theolog. 
Schools,"  suggested  by  the  facts  in  a  recent  case,  by  a  layman  of  the 
R.D.C.,  8vo,  pp.  102.  1828.  (This  was  published  anonymously,  but  was 
by  Ab.  Van  Dyck,  father  of  Leonard  B.  Van  Dyck.)  "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  iii. 
90.    "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1828,  87-89;  1829,  S6,  91,  175. 

Publications:     "The   Unlawfulness  of  the   Subscriptions  Required   of 
the  Ministers  of  the  R.D.C."     By  a  Friend  of  the  Bible.    1829.    See  "The 
Examiner  Examined,"  a  Review  of  Van  Dyck's  Pamphlet.     1830? 
Van  Dyck,  Hamilton,  b.  1807;  Hamilton  Col.  26.  York  Sem.   (G.R.)  29; 

(Chambersburgh,  29-33),   Prattsville,  N.Y.,  33-6,  d.     See  Manual  of 

1879. 
Van  Emmerick,  Gerret.     Sayville,  L.I.,  1873-88,  Pella,  Bethany,  la.  88-9, 

Sully,  Bethany,  la.  90-1894,  w.  c. 
Van     Ess,    Balster,    b.    at     Kauteus,    Groningen,    Neths.,     May    15,    1844; 

Theolog.  Sch.  of  Kampen ;  c.  to  America,  68;  W.  T.  S.  70,  1.  CI • 

North  Holland,  Mich.  70-84,  Chicago,  Roseland,  84-1900,  d.  Jan.  14. 

His  pastorates  were  distinguished  for  their  prosperity.    He  was  inces- 
sant in  labor,  as  a  pastor,  and  extremely  popular  as  a  preacher  in  the 
populous  Dutch  centres.     He  was  an  able  and  faithful  expounder  of  the 
truth  in  its  widest  applications.     See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1900,  910. 
Van  Ess,  Jacob,  candidate,  1901. 
Van  Fleet,  Jacob  Outcault,  b.  at  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  1847;  R-C.  73, 


82.8  THE    MINISTRY. 

N.B.S.   76,   lie.   CI.   N.B.;   Kiskatom,  76-9,   Stone  House  Plains,  80-3, 

Montville,  84-90,  Little  Falls,  90-8,  New  Baltimore,  1898 

Van  Gaasbeek,  Laurentius,  matriculated  at  University  of  Leyden,  Feb.  5, 
1659;  sailed  from  Amsterdam,  May  13,  1678,  arriving  in  New  York, 
Aug.  21 ;  arrived  at  Kingston,  Sept.  8,  and  delivered  his  first  sermon 
there,  Sept.  15.     Kingston,  1678-80,  Feb.,  d. — "Amst.  Cor." 

The  first  reference  to  him  in  "Mints,  of  Classis  of  Amsterdam"  is  on 
March  7,  1678.  As  a  specimen  of  the  business  of  the  Classis,  we  give  the 
act  in  full : 

ACTS    OF    THE    CLASSIS    OF    AMSTERDAM. 

Call,  as  Ministers  to  the  Moscow,  Rev.   Theororus  Schooncrwoerd;  and  to 
jfcsopus,  in  New  Netherland,   Rev.  Laurentius  Gaasbeeck. 

1678,  March  7th.  The  Rev.  Deputati  ad  res  Maritimas  having  made  it 
thoroughly  understood,  that  upon  whatever  footing  it  may  be,  a  minister 
will  have  to  be  called  for  the  Moscow,  at  the  request  of  the  gentlemen  of 
the  Muscovy  Trade.  They  had  received  a  written  application  from  the 
Reformed  church  there  (for  a  minister),  in  the  place  of  the  one  de- 
ceased. Also  there  was  needed  a  minister  for  the  three  villages  of  the 
/Fsopus.  in  New  Netherland.  To  this  end  the  Rev.  Classis  had  been 
requested  to  meet.  Therefore,  Rev.  Peter  Pavo  was  introduced  into  the 
room,  who  offered  his  services  for  the  church  of  Moscow;  as  likewise 
Rev.  Theodore  Schoonwoordt,  candidate,  of  Leerdam,  who  exhibited  a 
recent  certificate,  as  to  his  edifying  walk,  from  the  Rev.  Consistory  of 
Leerdam. 

Rev.  Cnaeus  Cornelius  Uythagen,  formerly  chaplain  in  the  States'  army, 
was  also  brought  in.  After  exhibiting  several  very  laudable  testimonials, 
both  in  regard  to  his  preaching  and  other  particulars,  he  offered  his  serv- 
ices for  the  churches  in  foreign  lands,  and  particularly  for  those  in  Asia; 
likewise  also  Rev.  Laurentius  Gaasbeeck,  licentiate  and  Medical  Director, 
residing  now  at  Amsterdam,  and  who  had  previously  reported  himself 
here,  exhibited  again  his  church  certificate  from  Leyden.  It  was  resolved, 
after  Rev.  Gaasbeeck  had  given  a  brief  specimen  (proefje)  of  his  gifts 
before  the  Rev.  Classis,  that  in  behalf  of  the  greatest  benefits  of  the 
Cnurch  of  Christ,  favorable  heed  would  be  given  to  the  request  of  all  these 
brethren. 

Hereupon,  the  Rev.  Assembly  called,  in  the  fear  of  the  Lord,  from  the 
nominations  made  up  of  these  three  persons,  viz.,  Rev.  Theodore  Schoon- 
erwoort,  Rev.  Thomatius  de  Bruin,  and  Rev.  Cnaeus  Cornelius  Uythage,  as 
minister  in  the  Moscow,  Rev.  Theodorus  Schoonerwoort.  He  having 
been  called  in,  and  being  informed  thereof  by  the  Rev.  President,  declared 
himself  willing  to  accept  this  call,  and  for  this  purpose,  previously  to 
submit  to  final  examination  here.  ( 

Also  from  these  three  persons  put  in  nomination,  viz.,  Rev.  Peter  Pavo, 
Rev.  Laurence  Gaasbeeck,  and  Rev.  John  Arnaem,  minister  at  Bettemer,  in 
East  Friesland,  there  was  called,  in  the  fear  of  the  Lord,  as  minister  to 
the  three  villages  of  ^Esopus,  in  New  Netherland,  Rev.   Laurence  Gaas- 


THE    MINISTRY.  829 

beeck.  He  was  called  in,  and  informed  thereof  by  Rev.  President.  He 
declared  himself  inclined  and  willing  to  follow  up  this  call,  and  for  this 
purpose  to  subject  himself  previously  to  the  final  examination. 

EXAMINATION   AND  ORDINATION   OF  THESE  TWO. 

After  Rev.  Schoonerwoordt  had  preached  a  sermon  on  John  vi:44; 
and  Rev.  Gaasbeeck  had  been  first  heard  on  Psalm  xxiii :  4,  the  examina- 
tion of  these  two  individuals,  now  called,  was  proceeded  with.  Having 
given  good  satisfaction  therein,  they  were  both  solemnly  ordained  by  the 
Rev.  Examiner,  Abraham  Montanius,  (Bergen?)  with  the  laying  on  of 
hands.    They  also  signed  the  usual  formula?  of  Concord. 

The  next  Classis,  which  will  be  the  first  regular  one  this  year  will  be 
held,  God  willing,  on  the  28th  of  this  month,  at  which  Laurentius  Homma 
will  preside,     vii.  174-5  '>  xix.  183-4. 

He  writes  an  interesting  letter  to  the  Classis,  Oct.  25,  1679,  referring  to 
one  (probably  captured)  of  Oct.  7-17,  1678.  See  "Documents,"  now  in 
course  of  publication  by  the  State  of  New  York.  See  also  "Gen.  and 
Biog.  Record,"  1894,  p.  28. 

Van  Gieson,  Acmon  P.  U.N.Y.  1849,  N.B.S.  52,  1.  CI.  Bergen;  Catskill, 
52-5,  Brooklyn,  55-9,  Claverack,  59-65,  Greenpoint,  66-7,  Poughkeepsie, 
1867 D.D.  by  R.C.  1872. 

Publications  :  Sermon  in  Memory  of  Dr.  C.  C.  Van  Cleef.  1875. — ■ 
"The  Type  of  Doctrine  of  R.C.A.,"  as  represented  by  the  Symbols  of 
Heidelberg  and  Dordrecht.  In  "Centennial  Discs."  1876.  "Hist,  of  Refd. 
Church  of  Poughkeepsie,"  1893. 

Van  Gieson,  David  E.     S.S.  East  Williamsburg,  1899. 
Van  Haagen,  Henry  C.     New   Salem  and   Clarksville,   1897-99,    Clifton, 

N.  J.,  99-1900,  Rosendale  and  Rosendale  Plains,  1900 

Van  Halteran,  Jacob.     H.C.  1874,  N.B.S.  1874-6. 

Van  Harlingen,  Johannes  Martinus,  b.  near  Millstone,  N.  J.,  1724;  C.N.J. 

went  to  Holland  to   study  Theology ;   lie.   by  Cl.  Amsterdam,   Ap.   6, 

1761 ;  ord.  by  same,  May  4,  1761 ;  Neshanic  and  Sourland,  (afterward 

called  Harlingen),  1762-95,  died. 
His  name  does  not  occur  in  the  printed  catalogues  of  the  Universities 
of  Holland.  Hence  he  probably  studied  more  or  less  privately.  On  Jan. 
15,  1761,  as  a  theological  student,  he  requested  a  preparatory  examination. 
His  testimonials,  being  found  sufficient,  his  request  was  granted.  He 
was  requested  to  preach  on  Heb.  1:3,  8,  "Who  being  the  brightness  of 
His  glory,"  etc.,  and  "But  unto  the  Son,  he  saith,  Thy  throne,  O  God, 
is  forever  and  ever."  He  was  to  be  examined  in  Plebrew  on  Ps.  24,  and 
in  Greek  on  Heb.  1.  This  examination  took  place  on  April  6,  1761.  He 
gave  "so  much  satisfaction,  that,  with  congratulations,  he  was  admitted 
to  the  office  of  public  preaching,  after  he  had  signed  the  Formulas  of 
Concord,  had  taken  the  oath  against  Simony,  had  repudiated  the  con- 
demned opinions  of  Prof.  Roel  and  Dr.  Bekker,  and  had  promised  to  read 
without   change   the    Forms    of   Baptism    and   the    Supper ;    especially    the 


83O  THE   MINISTRY. 

three  questions  of  the  Baptismal  Formula.  Of  all  this  a  laudable  certifi- 
cate shall  be  given  him."     "Acts  of  Classis."  xiii    265. 

1761,  May  4th.  Art.  4.  John  .Martin  Van  Harlingen,  S.S.  Min.  Cand., 
asks  for  a  final  examination,  and  to  be  ordained  as  minister  in  the  service 
of  the  New  Netherland  Churches.  This  was  granted  to  him.  In  the  pres- 
ence of  the  High  Rev.  Deputatus  Synodi,  E.  Ph.  G.  van  Essen,  minister 
in  this  city,  he  preached  a  sermon  on  the  assigned  text  1  Cor.  2:  2,  "For  I 
determined  not  to  know  anything  among  you,  save  Jesus  Christ,  and  Him 
crucified."  He  was  then  further  examined  by  the  Examiner,  William  van 
der  Zouw,  in  Hebrew,  on  Psalm  93,  and  in  Greek,  on  1  Cor.  2 ;  and  sub- 
sequently on  the  most  important  points  of  our  Sacred  Theology.  In  all 
of  this  he  gave  so  much  satisfaction  to  the  Assembly,  that  with  much  as- 
surance, (lit.  amplitude),  and  a  unanimous  vote,  he  was  adjudged  fit  for 
the  ministry  of  the  Gospel  in  those  regions.  They  expressed  their  best 
wishes  for  God's  blessing  upon  him,  and  their  hope  and  expectation  that 
he  will  be  a  very  useful  instrument  for  the  extension  of  Christ's  Kingdom. 
Furthermore,  he  was  ordained  in  the  full  meeting,  by  the  Examiner,  with 
the  laying  on  of  hands.  See  subsequently  "Classis  of  September,"  7,  1761. 
Art.  6.     xiii.  266. 

He  came  of  a  long  line  of  ministers.  Rev.  Martinus  Johannes  Van 
Harlingen  was  settled  at  Hensbroek,  near  Hoorn,  in  Holland,  1605-6 ;  at 
Rouveen,  1606-18.  In  1621  he  was  living  at  Amcland.  He  was  an  Ar- 
minian  in  theology.  His  son,  Rev.  Henricus  Martinus  V.  H.  was  settled 
at  Nigtavecht,  16.  .-1649,  and  at  Soest,  1649-84,  when  he  died.  Of  his 
five  children,  two  were  ministers,  Rev.  Martinus  (1643-1721),  and  Rev. 
Ernestus  (1650-1706).  The  latter  was  settled  at  Westbroek,  1674-99,  and 
had  five  sons:  Rev.  Henricus  (16S1-1754),  Johannes  Martinus,  Martinus, 
Edward,  and  Ernestus.  Of  these,  Johannes  Martinus  V.  H.  (1684-1768) 
came  to  America  about  1703.  He  lived  first  at  Harlem,  N.  Y.,  where  he 
married  Maria  Bussing  in  1722.  He  moved  to  Lawrence  Brook,  near  New 
Brunswick.  N.  J.,  about  1730.  Of  his  seven  children,  one  was  Rev. 
Johannes  Martinus  Van  Harlingen  (1724-1795),  the  subject  of  this  sketch.* 
Another  son  was  Ernestus.  who  was  the  father  of  another  Rev.  Johannes 
Martinus  Van  Harlingen.     See  following  sketch. 

After  commencing  his  theological  course  he  went  to  Holland,  for  the 
double  purpose  of  obtaining  a  more  thorough  preparation  for  the  ministry, 
and  being  ordained  by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  After  completing  his 
theological  course  at  one  of  the  universities  of  Holland,  and  receiving 
ordination,  he  returned  to  America.  He  served  his  double  charge  with 
zeal  and  fidelity  for  thirty-three  years,  when  he  fell  asleep,  universally 
beloved  and  lamented.  He  preached  exclusively  in  Dutch  until  toward 
the  close  of  his  life,  when,  the  younger  part  of  his  charge  requiring  Eng- 
lish sermons,  he  preached  occasionally  in  that  language.  He  was  an 
evangelical  preacher,  a  faithful  pastor,  and  a  patron  of  learning.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  original  Board  of  Trustees  of  Queen's  College,  and  la- 
bored for  its  first  endowment.    Dom.  Van  Harlingen  was  twice  married. 

*Rev.  Dr.  Paul  D.  Van  Cleef  is  a  great-giaudson. 


THE    MINISTRY.  83I 

His  first  wife  was  Sarah  Stryker,  by  whom  he  had  two  children ;  his 
second,  Elizabeth  Van  Deursen,  who  was  the  mother  of  three,  one  of 
whom  died  in  infancy,  and  the  others  survived  him.  The  fact  that  a  very 
prominent  church,  village,  and  district  of  country  are  called  by  his  name, 
might  be  taken  for  evidence  of  the  estimation  in  which  he  was  held. 
The  following  inscription  is  on  his  tombstone : 

"Van   Harlingen,   recalled  by  Zion's  King, 

Finished   in   haste  his  embassy  abroad; 
Then  soaring  up  to  heaven  on  seraph's  wing, 

Blest  angels  hailed  the   embassador   of  God." 

—Rev.    Dr.    P.    D.    Van    Cieef. 

See  sketch  in  "Centennial  of  N.B.  Sem.,"  429. 

Mr.  Uriah  Lott,  of  Glen  Ridge,  N.  J.,  a  descendant  of  the  Van  Har- 
lingens,  has  prepared  a  genealogy  of  the  family. 

Van  Harlingen,  John  M.  (nephew  of  J.  M.  Van  Harlingen,  above),  b. 
at  Sourland,  1761 ;  Q.C.  1783,  studied  under  Livingston,  1.  by  Chris- 
tian Synod  of  D.R.  Chs.  1786;  Millstone  and  Six  Mile  Run,  1787-95, 
w.  c.  1795-1812,  Prof.  Heb.  and  Ecc.  Hist.  1812-3,  d.  Elected  a  trus- 
tee of  Q.C.  1785. 

From  early  childhood,  it  is  said,  he  was  exceedingly  fond  of  books,  and 
spent  much  of  his  life  in  their  exclusive  society.  After  the  relinquishment 
of  his  first  united  charges,  he  never  after  settled,  although  he  labored 
abundantly  in  assisting  his  brethren,  and  supplying  vacant  pulpits  by  clas- 
sical appointment.  He  was  very  quiet  and  reserved  in  his  disposition, 
and  was  seldom  known  to  laugh  or  even  to  smile.  His  conversation  was 
instructive,  and  his  preaching  solid  and  evangelical,  but  not  popular.  After 
his  retirement  from  the  pastorate,  he  translated  Van  Der  Kemp's  Sermons 
on  the  "Heidelberg  Catechism,"  which  were  published  in  1810,  in  two 
volumes.  For  several  years  previous  to  the  establishment  of  the  theologi- 
cal professorate  at  New  Brunswick,  ,he  had  been  accustomed  to  receive 
young  men  at  his  residence,  and  instruct  them  in  Hebrew  and  Ecclesiasti- 
cal History  with  a  view  to  their  licensure.  In  1812,  the  General  Synod 
appointed  him  professor  of  these  branches  in  the  Theological  Seminary. 
He  accepted  the  chair  of  Hebrew,  and  agreed  to  instruct  temporarily  in 
Church  History,  but  his  career  of  usefulness  was  cut  short  by  death  in 
November,  1813.  His  loss  was  deeply  felt  by  the  Church  and  her  insti- 
tutions of  learning. — Rev.  Dr.  P.  D.  Van  Cleef. 

The  following  is  his  epitaph  in  Millstone  churchyard : 

Sacred  to  the  memory  of  John  M.  Van  Harlingen,  Professor  of  the 
Hebrew  Language  and  of  Ecclesiastical  History  in  the  Theological  School 
of  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church.  He  departed  this  life,  June  16,  1813,  in 
the  52d  year  of  his  age.  A  humble  Christian,  and  minister  of  the  Gos- 
pel, without  affectation,  he  was  an  Israelite  in  whom  was  no  guile. 

Publication:  "Translation  of  Van  Der  Kemp's  Sers.  on  Heidelberg 
Catechism."    2  vols.     1810. 

Van  Hee,  Isaac  J.,  b.  Pultneyville.  N.Y.,  Jan.  20,   1868;  R.C.  93,  N.B.S. 


^■7,2  THE    MINISTRY. 

96,  1.  G.  N.B. ;  assistant.  Port  Jervis,  Tune  i-Nov.  30.  96,  Alexandria 
Bay.  07-iQOi.  Fnltonville.  1901 

Van  Hetloo.  E.     Paterson,  6th.   (Hoi.)   1888 

Van  Hook.  Isaac  A.  C.C.  1707.  N.B.S.  1819.  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Miss,  to  Spots- 
wood.  19-21,  Miss,  to  Stillwater,  Sussex  Co.,  N.  J..  22,  to  Beaverdam 
and  Middletown,  22,  to  Kleyn  Esopus,  22.  to  Tyashoke,  22,  Fort  Miller, 
and   Argyle,  23-4.   Miss.   to  Wilton.   25,   Cor.    Sec.   Bd.   Miss.  27.   died 

1834? 
Van  Home.  Ab.,  b.  at  YVhitehcuse.  N.J..  Dec.  31,  1763;  Q.C.  1787.  studied 
under  Livingston,  lie.  by  the   Synod  of  D.R.   Chs.    1788;   Wawarsing, 
Marbletown.    and    Rochester.    1789-95,    Caughnawga,    1705-1833.    died 
June  3.  1840. 
His   father   was   a   commissary   in    the   American    Army.     When    he   re- 
signed in  1783,  Abram  was  appointed  in  his  place.    He  was  a  great  favorite 
of  young  people.    He  is  said  to  have  married  1,500  couples. — "Doc.  Hist.." 
iii.  673. 

Van  Horne,  David,  b.  Glen,  N.Y.,  Dec.  11.  1837;  U.C.  64.  N.B.S.  67.  1. 
CI.  Montgomery:  Union  Village.  67-8,  (Ger.  Refd..  Dayton.  O.  68-75. 
Philadelphia,    1st,    75-88,    Prof,    of    Sys.    Theology    in.    and    Pres.    of 

Heidelberg  Th.  Sem..  Tiffin,  O.,  1888 

Plrucations  :  "Hist.  Refd.  Ch.  in  Philadelphia."  1876.— "Companion 
of  Praise."— "S.S.  Hymn  Book."  1873.  1878.— "Shorter  Heid.  Catechism," 
1881.— "Mountain  Boy  of  Willhaus :  or.  Life  of  Zwingle,"  1884.  1900.— 
"Tent  and  Saddle  Life  in  the  Holy  Land."  1886.— "Religion  and  Revela- 
tion." 1892. 

Van  Houte,  Jacob.  Cleveland.  O.  1884-6.  South  Holland.  111.  86-91.  Hol- 
land.  1st,  Mich.  91-1900.  Grand  Rapids.  4th,  1900 

Van   Houten,   Abraham,   1.   by   Seceders.    1852;   Clarkstown,   52-7.    Clarks- 
town  and  Paramus,  57-61.  Clarkstown  and  Hempstead,  61,  Schraalen- 
burgh.  61-6,  New  York,  King  St.,  66-78.  Leonia.  N.  J.  78-84.  Paramus. 
84-8.   Englewood,  88-92,   Aquackbnonck.  82-95.   d. 
Van   Hovenbergh.   Eggo  Tonkens.   ord.   by   CI.   Amsterdam,   for   Surinam. 
April  T,  T743,   (Surinam,  South  America.   1743-49).  Livingston    Manor 
and  Claverack,  1749-56,  Rhinebeck  Flats,  1756-64,  suspended,  but  con- 
tinued to  preach  till  1767. 
In  1740.  on  his  way  to  Holland  from  Surinam,  he  stopped  at   New  York, 
and  the  Consistory  of  that  place  wished  to  call  him,  as  Du  Bois  was  get- 
ting old;  but  as  he  would  nol  promise  to  Join  the  Ceetus.  he  was  not  called. 
His  language  concerning  the  ministers  in   New  York  also  turned  the  tide 
against  him.     Proceeding  north    however,  he  obtained    settlements. 

Van  Huysen   (or  Van  Hoesen),  Hermanns,  b.  in  Rockland  Co.,  N.Y.,  Oct. 
23.    1751  :   studied   under  Livingston.  1.  CI.   Hackensaek.   T70.V   Helder- 
bergh,   Salem,  and  Jerusalem,  1794-1825.  d.   1833.  Nov.   26 
He  was  the  first  to  receive  a   dispensation   under   the  new  Constitution 

of  1792.  See  Manual  of  1879,  and  Rev.  H.  M.  Voorhees'  "Hist.  Sermon 
telderbergh."  [889,  in  MSS 


THE    MINISTRY.  83J 

Van  Kampen    (Van  Campen),  Isaac,  b.   Holland,   Mich.,   Oct.   21,   1861 ; 

H.C.  90,  N.B.S.  93,  lie.  CI.  Rensselear;  Saddle  River,  1893 Ph.D. 

by  111.  University,  1900. 
Van  Kersen,  Wm.  John,  b.  Kalamazoo,  Mich.,  Nov.  25,  1873;  H.C.  94, 

P.S.  97,  lie.  CI.   Wisconsin;  Raritan,  111.   1897 

Van   Keuren,   Benj.     N.B.S.    1824,   1.   CI.    N.B.;   Miss,   to   Charleston,   2d, 

Mapletown,    and    Westerlo,    24,    Esopus,    25-6,    Esopus,    Hurley,    and 

Bloomingdale,  26-34,  Esopus  and  Bloomingdale,  34-6,  Warwick,  36-7, 

(Presbyt.  37"56),  R.D.C.  1856,  d.  1865. 
Van  Kleek,  Richard  D.     U.C.  1822,  N.B.S.  25,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Raritan,  26-31, 

Teaching  at  Basking  Ridge  Academy,  31-4,  Canajoharie,  34-5,  Berne, 

1st,  and  Beaverdam,  35-43.  Teaching  at  Erasmus  Hall,  Flatbush,  L.I., 

43-60,  at  Grammar  School.  Jersey  City,  60-70,  d. 
Van  Liew,  John,  b.  near  Neshanic,  N.  J.,  Sept.  30.  1798;  Q.C.  1816,  N.B.S. 

20,  lie.   CI.  N.B. ;    (Meadville.  Pa.,  20-3.   Mendham,  N.  J.,  24-5,  both 

Presbyt.),  Readington,  26-69,  d.  Oct.  18.  D.D.  by  R.C.  1867. 
He  entered  college  at  the  early  age  of  fourteen,  and  was  under  the  care 
chiefly  of  Drs.  Livingston  and  Schureman.  Upon  completing  this  course, 
he  passed  through  a  peculiarly  trying  circumstance.  Imbued  from  his 
earliest  years  with  a  high  regard  for  Christianity,  and  esteeming  the  min- 
istry as  a  profession  first  in  importance  and  honor  and  blessing,  he  in- 
stinctively turned  to  it.  But  he  was  not  yet  consciously  a  subject  of 
divine  grace. 

In  this  frame  of  mind,  acting  principally  under  the  advice  of  Prof. 
Schureman,  he  attended  the  course  of  lectures  on  theology  by  Dr.  Living- 
ston, not  definitely  with  the  purpose  of  entering  the  ministry,  but  that  he 
might  engage  in  that  particular  line  of  study  which  was  most  congenial  to 
his  tastes,  and  which  alone  seemed  attractive  to  him.  Sitting  at  the  head 
of  that  profound  instructor,  and  devoting  himself  to  the  study  of  theology 
as  a  science,  his  mind  became  more  and  more  absorbed  in  the  subject  as 
a  matter  of  personal  interest,  until  it  became  almost  the  only  subject  on 
which  his  thoughts  could  rest.  Thus  led  by  the  Spirit,  he  unconditionally 
surrendered  himself  to  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ  in  181 7.  His  own  words  in 
reference  to  his  experiences  at  that  time  were:  "I  cannot  utter,  words 
cannot  express  the  joy  of  my  soul,  as  I  felt  the  blessed  assurance  that  I 
was  indeed  a  child  of  God,  and  that  Jesus  was  at  once  my  Brother, 
Saviour.  Friend.  Everything  seemed  to  speak  to  me  of  God  ;  the  woods, 
the  fields,  the  fruits  and  flowers — all  spoke  of  his  mercy  and  love." 

Thereafter  his  course  was  plain.  It  was  not  a  mere  duty,  but  his  heart 
bounded  with  joy  that  he  was  permitted  to  prepare  for  the  ministry.  And 
although  he  had  attended  theological  lectures  for  a  year,  he  began  over 
again  with  the  new  class  of  the  following  year,  and  with  that  completed 
the  course.  Nearly  or  quite  600  united  with  the  church  under  his  ministry 
of  forty-nine  years. 

As  a  minister,  we  have,  in  his  life,  a  bright  example  of  faithfulness  and 
devotion.  In  the  other  relations  of  life,  domestic,  social  and  public,  he 
was  a  Christian  gentleman — the  highest  style  of  man.  As  might  have 
been  expected,   his  end  was  peace     Those  who  were  privileged  to   meet 


#34  THE    MINISTRY. 

him  in  h\>  la>l  days  speak  of  his  sweet  serenity  of  mind  and  holy  joy;  of 
the  delightful  mellowness  of  his  Christian  character,  and  a  growing  meet- 
ness  for  his  end.  He  calmly  waited  his  Saviour's  will,  and  testified.  "All 
is  well." — Rev.  H.  P.  Thompson. 

Publications  :  "Testimonial  to  Rev.  Peter  O.  Studdiford."  1866. — 
"Discourse  at  Dedication  of  R.D.C.  at  Readington."  1865.  With  a  his- 
torical appendix. 

Van  Liew,  John  Cannon,  b.  .a  Middlebush,  18..;  N.B.S.  1832,  1.  CI.  N.B. 
32:  Catskill,  Leeds,  and  Kiskatom,  32-3,  Leeds,  and  Kiskatom,  33-4. 
Spotswood,  34-42,  Rutgers  Col.  Gr.  School,  41-45,  (Piffard,  45-9, 
Groveland,  Presbyt.,  49-50),  Ephratah  and  Stone  Arabia.  50-6,  Berne 
and  Beaverdam,  56-6*0.  d.   1861.     See  Manual  of  1879. 

Publication  :     A  Farewell  Ser.  at  Spotswood,  N.  J.     1842. 

Van  Liewen,  Win.     Holland,  Wis.,   1857-9. 

Van    Nest,   Abraham    Rynier,  b.   Feb.    16,    1823,   in   New   York   City;    R.C. 
41.    N.B.S.  47,  lie.   CI.  N.Y.;   Miss,  at  Greenpoint.  47-8,    (Newburgh, 
Assoc.  Refd.  1848),  New  York  City,  21st  St.,  48-62;  (American  Chapel 
on  Rue  de  Berri,  Paris,  France,  63-4,  American  Chapel  at  Rome,  Italy, 
64-5,   Am.    Union   Church,   Florence.   Italy,  66-75)  ;    Philadelphia,   3d, 
78-83;  w.  c.    Died  June  1,  1892.     D.D.  by  U.Pa.  and  R.C.  i860.     Presi- 
dent of  Gen.   Synod,   1870. — In   1871,   he  was  made  President  of  the 
Evangelization   Committee   of  the   Free   Church,   Italy,   and,   in    1875, 
organized   the  Church  of  Geneva,   Switzerland,   in   which   Rev.    G.   D. 
Consaul  subesquently  preached. 
He  was  a  descendant  of  Peter  Van  Nest,  who  came  from  Holland  to 
New  Amsterdam  in   1647.     He  was  also  the  great  nephew  of  Rev.   Rynier 
Van    Nest,    who    flourished    'luring   the   Revolution,    and    the   grandson   01 
Abram  Van  Nest,  the  well-known  benefactor  and  Trustee  of  Rutgers  Col- 
lege, and  after  whom  Van  Nest  Hall  is  named.     During  his  course  in  the 
seminary,  he  devoted  his  vacations   to  colporteur  work.      His   missionary 
labors  at  Greenpoint  secured  the  organization  of  a  strong  church  there. 
During  the  last  three  years  of  his  labors  in  New  York,  he  had  Rev.  Dr. 
Geo.  W.  Bethune  as  his  colleague.     The  sermon  on  "Ministerial  Responsi- 
bility."  which    he   preached   at  Dr.    Bethune's  installation,   is   a   model   of 
Christian  devotedness  and  courtesy. 

His  labors  in  France  and  Italy,  as  pastor  of  tin-  American  Chapel  in 
Paris,  and  as  chaplain  in  Rome,  and  as  pastor  of  the  American  Union 
Church  in  Florence,  of  which  he  was  the  founder,  extended  over  a  dozen 
years,  and  were  very  important.  The  efficient  and  kindly  service  which 
he  rendered  to  his  countrymen  abroad  can  be  understood  and  appreciated 
only  by  those  who  have  had  personal  experience  of  it.  It  was  his  custom 
to  visit  the  hotels  and  boarding-houses  of  the  city  and  invite  to  his  church, 
and  to  his  hospitable  home,  those  who  were  strangers  in  a  strange  land. 
If  any  of  them  were  ill  they  received  from  him  such  kindly  care  as  only 
a  Christian  minister  from  their  own  land,  speaking  the  language  and  fa- 
miliar with  the  customs  of  Italian   people,   could    render,      It    was   his   sad 


THE    MINISTRY.  835 

privilege  to  sit  as  a  comforter  by  the  bedside  of  invalids  who  sought  health 
in  a  foreign  climate  in  vain,  to  inform  friends  in  America  of  their  de- 
cease, and  to  send  home  the  bodies  of  dear  ones  whose  eyes  he  had  closed. 
Only  those  who  knew  him  best  were  aware  how  largely  he  contributed 
also  of  his  own  means  to  supply  the  wants  of  his  countrymen  abroad. 

The  service  of  the  American  Union  Church  which  he  established  was 
compiled  from  the  Liturgies  of  the  Episcopal  and  Reformed  Churches  in 
America,  and  was  greatly  enjoyed  by  Christian  people  of  ail  denomina- 
tions. Noted  English  and  Scotch  clergymen  expressed  their  admiration 
of  it,  and  hoped  that  it  might  be  the  model  upon  which  a  union  of  the 
Episcopal  and  Presbyterian  Churches  might  yet  take  place. 

On  leaving  Florence  he  went,  by  invitation,  to  Geneva,  in  Switzerland, 
to  organize  a  Union  Church  upon  a  similar  basis.  Indeed,  all  the  Ameri- 
can chapels  and  churches  on  the  continent  of  Europe  are  more  or  less 
indebted  to  him  for  their  mode  of  organization  and  worship. 

Dr.  Van  Nest's  abilities  as  a  preacher  were  far  above  the  average,  and 
he  easily  held  his  own  during  all  the  years  in  Florence,  though,  by  his 
invitation,  his  pulpit  was  constantly  being  occupied  by  the  most  distin- 
guished American  and  British  clergymen  traveling  abroad. 

Nor  were  his  abilities  or  his  benefactions  restricted  to  his  own  country- 
men. He  was  a  warm  friend  of  evangelical  missions  in  Italy,  affiliating 
at  first  with  the  Waldenses,  and,  afterward,  with  the  Free  Christian 
Church  of  Italy,  in  which  he  became  a  member  and  President  of  the 
Evangelization  Committee,  which  represents  the  entire  Church  in  the 
interval  between  the  meetings  of  the  General  Assembly.  He  was  the 
chief  founder  and  Director  also  of  the  Protestant  Orphanage  at  Flor- 
ence, and  wrote  its  report  for  1876,  with  the  sketch  of  the  life  of  its  first 
Superintendent,  the  evangelist  Ferretti. 

Returning  to  his  native  land,  Dr.  Van  Nest  became  pastor  of  the  Third 
Reformed  Church  of  Philadelphia  in  1878,  and  continued  in  its  service 
until  failing  health  compelled  him  to  retire  from  active  work,  about  1884, 
and  he  returned  to  New  York  City,  where  he  entered  into  rest  May  31, 

1892.  See  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C.."  1892,  10.— "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.," 

1893,  886. 

Says  Rev.  Dr.  John  B.  Thompson:  "The  great  work  "of  his  life  was 
done  in  Florence,  where  he  was  prominent,  not  only  on  the  Evangelical 
Committee  of  the  Free  Italian  Church  (now  called  The  Evangelical 
Church  of  Italy),  and  as  the  principal  founder  and  supporter  of  the  Fer- 
retti Orphan  Asylum,  but  also  as  the  founder  and  pastor  of  the  American 
Union  Church.  In  this  he  used  a  part  of  the  Liturgy  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church  and  part  of  the  forms  of  other  denominations.  He 
thus  set  an  example  of  union  in  worship  which  attracted  the  attention  of 
travelers  not  only  from  America,  but  also  from  Great  Britain  and  the 
Continent.  It  was  his  genial  catholicity  of  spirit  that  enabled  him  to 
hold  together  in  one  congregation,  for  so  many  years.  Christians  of  such 
various  antecedents.  Many  are  the  families  in  America,  which  still  cherish 
the  memory  of  his  kindness  to  relatives  ill  in  Florence,  whose  needs,  both 
temporal   and   spiritual,   he   was   ever   watchful   to   supply.      Nor   did   his 


836  THE    MINISTRY 

kindness  fail  when  Americans  died  in  that  city.  His  familiarity  with  the 
language,  and  his  good  standing  with  the  officials,  enabled  him  frequently, 
and  with  comparative  ease,  to  arrange  for  the  shipping  of  the  bodies  of 
loved  ones  to  their  friends  in  America.  Only  those  who  were  in  Florence 
while  he  was  there,  can  adequately  understand  how  much  time  he  gave 
to  such  works  of  Christian  charity. 

Publications:  Sermon:  "Signs  of  the  Times."  1854. — "Ministerial 
Responsibility."  1859. — Occasional  articles  for  "Christian  Intelligencer." 
— Foreign  letters  for  "Intelligencer"  and  "N.  Y.  Observer."  1863-1875. — 
Reports  of  Union  Church,  Florence,  1868,  1870.  1872— Sermon  on  the 
Holy  Catholic  Church.— "Life  of  Rev.  Geo.  W.  Bethune.  D.D."  1867.— 
Reports  .if  Florence  Orphan  Asylum,  1876,  with  sketch  of  Ferretti  —  Edited 
"Cannon's  Pastoral  Theology,"  1853,  and  "Bethune's  Lectures  on  Heidel- 
berg Catechism,".  1864. — Closing  address  at  Centennial  of  New  Brunswick 
Sem.,  1884.  page  279. 

Van  Nest,  Rynier,  b.  near  North  Branch.  X.  J.,  Feb.  8,  1739:  studied 
(probably)  under  Hardenbergh ;  lie.  by  Gen.  Meeting  of  Ministers 
and  Elders,  1773;  Shawangunk  and  New  Paltz,  2d,  (or  Walkill), 
1774-78;  Shawangunk  and  Montgomery,  1778-85;  (supplied  Middle- 
burgh,  1774-80,  and  Schoharie,  1780-5)  ;  Jamaica,  Newtown,  Oyster 
Bay  and  Success,  1785-97,  Schoharie,  1797-1803,  died  July  9.  1813. 
Elected  a  trustee  of  Q.  C.   1786. 

He  was  the  son  of  Peter  and  Margaret  (Arianson)  Van  Nest,  and 
great-grandson  of  Peter  Van  Nest,  who  came  from  Holland  in  1047. 
(George,  the  brother  of  Rynier.  was  the  father  of  Abram  Van  Nest,  <>;' 
New  York  City.)  He  was  converted  at  an  early  age,  but  did  not  enter 
the  ministry  till  thirty-six  years  of  age.  On  Feb.  24.  1776,  he  married 
Catherine,  (Hagar),  widow  of  Rev.  J.  M.  Goetschius,  of  Schoharie 

Mr.  Van  Nest  was  somewhat  fleshy,  very  neat  in  personal  appearance 
and  in  penmanship,  a  good  speaker  in  Dutch,  and  popular  in  the  churches, 
but  could  never  .succeed  well  in  English.  He  and  his  wife,  on  account  of 
their  genial  disposition,  were  both  favorites  with  the  young.  But  the 
times  in  which  he  lived  and  labored,  during  and  succeeding  the  Revolution. 
were  very  unpropitious  t<>  ministerial  success.  He  and  his  people  were 
devoted  Whigs,  and  he  gave  much  to  the  Continental  Congress.  He  died 
at  the  house  fit  his  nephew,  Rev.  Peter  Studdiford,  of  Readington,  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Janeway  officiating  at  his  funeral. 

Van  Neste,  Geo.  J.,  b.  Sept.  7.  1822.  at  Weston,  X.  J.:  R.C.  4-2.  N.B.S    \6, 

1.  CI.   XI'..:   Bound   Brook,  47-53.  Lodi,  53-65,  West   New  Hempstead, 

65-69,  Little  Falls,  X.  J..  60-75.  St.  Johnsville,  X.  Y..  75-79,  Kiskatom, 

79-80.   Flatbush,   (Ulster  Co.),   N.   Y.  86-88,   Pottersville,  X.  J.  88-92. 

Died  Jan.  18,  1898. 

He  was  of  the  seventh  generation  from  Peter  Van   Nest,  who  emigrated 

from    Holland    to   Long    Island   in    1647.      This    Peter's    grandson.    Peter, 

bought  laivN  near  Millstone,  N.  J.,  in  1712.  and  settled  there.     One  of  the 

sons  of  this  Peter  ua^  Rev.  Rynier  Van  Nest,  mentioned  above;  the  second 


THE    MINISTRY.  837 

son.  George,  was  the  father  of  the  Elder  of  the  Collegiate  Church,  in 
New  York  City,  the  late  Abram  Van  Nest,,  who  died  in  1864.  He  was 
a  noted  benefactor  of  the  Church,  and  built  Van  Nest  Hall  for  Rutgers 
College;  the  third  son,  Abram,  lived  at  Weston,  N.  J.,  and  was  appointed 
a  Judge  by  the  Assembly  of  the  State  in  1776,  and  died  in  1779.  This 
Abram  was  the  father  of  Ab.  G.  Van  Neste,  M.D.,  who  died  in  1824,  and 
of  John  G.  Van  Neste,  the  father  of  Rev.  George  J.  He  began  his  educa- 
tion in  the  classical  academies  of  Millstone  and  Somerville.  When  he 
began  his  studies  he  was  positively  hostile  to  religion.  His  conversion 
occurred  about  the  middle  of  his  college  course  through  the  instrumental- 
ity of  a  classmate.  It  is  worthy  of  note  that  his  college  class  exceeded, 
by  far,  all  others  in  the  history  of  the  institution  in  giving  the  largest 
proportion  of  membership  to  the  Gospel  ministry.  Sooner  or  later  twenty- 
three  of  its  men  studied  to  that  end.  Three  died  before  completion  of 
studies,  and  one  turned  to  the  medical  profession.  Nineteen  entered  the 
service.  Fourteen,  just  one-half  the  class,  have  given  their  lives  to  work 
in  our  own  denomination.  The  life  of  Mr.  Van  Neste  was  characterized 
by  conscientiousness  in  preaching  and  work,  habitual  lowliness  of  self- 
estimate,  sense  of  dependence  on  the  Holy  Spirit  for  success,  willingness 
to  accept  conditions  as  assigned,  to  work  under  them  and  even  be  grateful 
for  their  discipline;  gratitude  for  blessing  upon  labor,  interest  in  souls 
and  special  interest  in  young  people,  and  in  directing  young  men  into  the 
ministry  of  the  Gospel ;  deep  concern  respecting  personal  salvation,  and 
absolute  entrustment  of  himself  to  Christ  as  his  Saviour.  Ten  men  pre- 
pared under  him  for  the  ministry,  most  of  whom  he  had  welcomed  into 
the  Church.  At  the  time  of  his  retirement  in  1892  a  written  communica- 
tion to  a  friend  reveals  something  of  his  character.  He  felt  that  he  had 
sought  to  be  faithful  in  his  labors,  yet  in  review  discovered  much  to  la- 
ment. His  constant  aim  had  been  to  give  to  his  hearers  the  mind  of  the 
Spirit,  leaving  results  with  the  Lord,  thus  seeking  to  edify  the  body  of 
Christ  and  save  souls.  The  occupation  of  difficult  and  trying  fields  of 
labor  from  first  to  last,  he  felt  had  been  for  his  good ;  to  test  faith,  pa- 
tience and  faithfulness.  He  had  been  given  grace  to  do  and  endure  all; 
and  had  received  blessing  in  his  work,  and  at  times  marked  favor  in 
revivals  of  piety  and  liberal  addition  to  the  Church.  Subjected  at  times 
to  serious  doubt  as  to  his  own  salvation,  yet  he  rose  superior  to  them, 
with  renewed  strength  of  faith  and  brightness  of  hope.  See  "Mints.  Gen. 
Syn.,"  1898,  236. — "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C.,"  1898,  13. 

Publications  :     See  Manual  of   1879. 

Van  Neste,  John  Alfred,  b.  Weston,  Somerset  Co.,  N.  J.,  Dec.  25,  1849; 

R.C.  72,  N.B.S.  75,  lie.  CI.  Passaic ;  Ridgewood,  1875 

Van   Nieuwendyk,   D.    K.    Wielenga,   called   by  the   Seceders   in   Holland. 

Mich.,  from  the  Netherlands,  1882.     See  "Ch.  Int.,"  Aug.  9,  1882. 
Van  Nieuwenhuysen,  Wilhelmus ;  ordained  by  CI.  Amsterdam,  March  16, 

1671  ;  c.  to  America,  1671  ;  New  York,  1671-81 ;  d.  Feb.  17. 
For  a  while  after  the  English  conquest  the  Dutch  Church  seemed  para- 
lyzed.    But  few  letters    passed    back  and  forth  to    Holland.     Selvns    had 


838  THE    MINISTRY. 

returned  to  Europe,  and  a  few  years  later,  Blom  and  Samuel  Megapolen- 
sis.  John  Megapolensis  died  in  1670.  Only  Schaats,  Polhemus  and  Dri- 
sius  remained.  A  considerable  exodus  of  the  people  also  took  place.  The 
Dutch  were  independent  of  all  English  ecclesiastical  laws.  Governors 
Nicholls  and  Lovelace  acknowledged  the  Dutch  Church  as  the  established 
church,  and  taxed  the  inhabitants  for  the  support  of  the  Dutch  clergy.  But 
in  seven  years  three  of  the  clergy  had  returned  to  Holland,  one  had  died, 
and  none  had  come  to  America  to  take  their  places.  In  1670,  therefore, 
Governor  Lovelace  formally  promised  civil  support  to  any  Dutch  clergy- 
man who  would  come  over  to  assist  Drisius,  who  was  becoming  feeble. 
This  proposition  induced  Van  Nieuwenhuysen  to  come  to  America.  This 
was  also  partly  brought  about  through  the  influence  of  Selyns  in  Holland, 
who  was  a  relative. 

His  ministry  was  peaceful  for  three  or  four  years,  until  the  reconqu.  - 
of  New  York  by  the  Dutch  in  1674.  This  event,  or  perhaps  the  different 
disposition  of  Governor  Andros,  with  other  circumstances,  now  produced 
a  change,  and  that  struggle  begun  between  the  English  governors  and  the 
anti-Episcopal  churches,  which  continued  with  more  or  less  severity  until 
the  independence  of  the  country,  a  century  later.  Van  Nieuwenhuysen 
successfully  resisted  the  attempt  to  foist  an  Episcopalian  on  the  Dutch 
church  of  Albany,  1675,  until  the  later  promised  to  conic  under  the  Classis 
of  Amsterdam.  (Van  Rensselaer.)  Four  years  later,  at  the  direction  01 
permission  of  Governor  Andros,  Van  Nieuwenhuysen  convened  the  four 
Dutch  ministers  then  in  the  country,  (viz.,  Schaats,  Van  Gaasbeek,  Van 
Zuuren  and  himself),  with  their  elders,  and  they  organized  a  Classis,  and 
ordained  Tesschenmaeker  to  the  ministry.  (Tesschf.nmaeker.)  This  was 
the  first  formal  ecclesiastical  body  among  the  Dutch  in  America,  and  the 
last  for  about  seventy  years.  (Ccetus.)  Their  act  of  ordination  was  rati- 
fied by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  There  was  a  constant  and  steady  growth 
in  the  membership  during  his  ministry  in  New  York.  He  also  supplied 
the  churches  on  Long  Island  during  their  vacancy.  His  correspondence 
with  the  Classis  impresses  one  that  he  was  a  faithful  and  judicious  minis- 
ter and  pastor.  He  was  a  Cocceian  in  exegesis. — "Amst.  Cor.. "  several 
letters.  "Doc.  Hist.,"  iii.  526,  583.  "Munsell's  Annals  of  Albany."  "Col. 
Hist.,"  iii.  136;  ix.  468.  "Brodhead's  N.  Y.,"  ii.  "Murphy's  Anthology," 
170. 

The  following  lines  concerning  Van  Nieuwenhuysen,  are  from  the  pen 
of  Domine  Selyns,  when  he  ordained  him  in  Amsterdam  : 

OP    HET   PREDICK-AMPT  VAN    WILHELMUS    NIEUWEN- 
HUYSEN. 

DOOR   MY   INGESEENT  TOT  TEN   DIENST  J.   C.   IN    N.   NEDERLANDT. 

Hoe  wordt  Nieuw   Nederlandt  vernieuwt  door   Nieuwenhuysen. 
Hy  doodt  den  oudemensch,  en  spreeckt  de  nieuwe  voor : 
Houdt  d'oude  leer,  en  dryft  geen  nieuwicheden  door, 

Een  doet  door  nieuwe  drift  haar  oude  quaet  verhuysen. 


THE    MINISTRY. 


839 


En  wordt  Nieuw  Nederlandt  door  Nieuwenhuysen's  trouvv, 
En  Nieuwenhuysen  door  Nieuw  Nederlandts  berouw, 
Na't  Nieuw  Jerusalem  gevoert  om  nieuw ichheden, 
Wat  kerck  vindt  meerden  heyl,  als  door  vernieude  seden. 

ON   THE    MINISTRY   OF   D0MINE    NIEUWENHUYSEN. 

How   is   New   Netherland   renewed  by   Nieuwenhuysen? 

He  kills  the  old  man  off,  and  then  the  new  directs ; 

He  holds  old  doctrines  fast  and  not  the  new  rejects, 
E'er  by  his  new  pledged  zeal  old  error  ostracizing. 
Now  is  New  Netherland  by  Nieuwenhuysen's  mission, 
And  Nieuwenhuysen  by  New  Netherlands  contrition, 
Led  to  the  New  Jerusalem  for  new  delights. 
What  church  more  safety  finds  than  in  renewed  rites? 

Van  Nist,  Jacobus,  b.  1735;  lie.  by  the  American  Classis,  1758;  Pough- 
keepsie  and  Fishkill,  1758-61,  d. 

Van  Olinda,  Douw.  b.  at  Charleston,  N.  Y.,  1800;  N.B.S.  1824,  1.  CI.  N.B. ; 
Miss,  to  Johnstown,  Mayfield,  and  Union,  25,   Palatine,  25-7,  Maple- 
town,    Spraker's     Basin,   and     Canajoharie,   27-31,    New    Paltz,   32-44, 
Caughnawaga,  44-58,  d. 
He  was  of  large  stature  and  commanding  appearance,  an  edifying  and 

instructive  preacher,  addressing  rather  the  understanding  than  the  feelings. 

His   distinguishing   trait   was   great    executive   ability. — "Stitt's    Hist.    Ch. 

New  Paltz."     See  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  Oct.  7,  1858. 

Van  Oostenbrugge,  Cornelius,  b.  Gelderland,  Neths.,  Aug.  2,  1853;  H.C. 
76,  N.B.S.  80,  1.  CI.  Holland;  ord.  by  Presbyt.  Winnebago,  (Wis.) 
Sept.  80;  (S.S.  Weyauwega,  Wis.  80-1.  Stevens  Point,  Wis.  81-4), 
Raritan,  111.  84-7,  (South  Troy,  Mo.  87-9,  North  Lyons,  Neb.  89-92), 
Naponoch  and  Kerhonksen,  N.  Y.  92-1900,  Schodack,  1000 

Publications  :      Translations    of   the    Records    of    the    Church   of    Na- 
ponoch. 
Van  Orden,  John   S.     R.C.   1890,  N.B.S.  93,  lie.   CI.   Paramus ;  Blawen- 

berg,  1893 

Van    Pelt,   Daniel,    b.   Oct.    10.    1853.    at    Schiedam,   Neths.;    C.C.N.Y.    74, 

N.B.S.  77,  1.   CI.   NY. ;    Spring   Valley.    N.Y.    77-78,   Holland,    Mich. 

(Hope  Ch.)  79-82,  East  New  York,  82-87,  Astoria,  93-97.     Died  Oct. 

23,  1900.  D.D.  by  R.C.  1896. 
He  came  to  America  with  his  parents  when  about  twelve  years  of  age. 
In  his  seminary  course,  it  was  evident  that  he  had  the  instincts  of  a  scholar. 
He  felt  that  a  new  world  of  light  and  knowledge  was  opening  up  before 
him,  and  he  labored  to  secure  the  best  results  for  his  own  mental  equip- 
ment. He  was  an  earnest,  diligent  and  painstaking  student.  He  was  al- 
ways thoroughly  prepared  for  the  class-room,  and  was  among  the  best  of 
his  class.  His  was  an  unusually  bright  mind,  with  keen  perceptions,  a 
clear  understanding  and  large  retention.  While  interested  in  all  the 
branches,  he  showed  a  special  fondness  for  Church  History.    His  sermons 


84O  THE    MINISTRY. 

before  the  students  were  among  the  best  delivered.  Promptitude  and 
regularity  were  his  characteristics.  While  cheerful  and  happy,  there  was 
a  tinge  of  reserve  about  him,  but  his  friends  were  greatly  esteemed.  His 
religious  life  was  marked  by  the  same  correctness  as  his  student  life.     He 

was  a  man  of  prayer,  and  adorned  his  Christian  profession. 

When  he  entered  the  ministry  his  sermons  were  much  enjoyed  as 
thoughtful,  clear,  strong,  and  well-written  discourses.  He  gave  much 
care  to  their  preparation.  His  studies,  books,  addresses  and  conversation, 
all  showed  him  to  be  a  rising  scholar.  When  he  returned  to  the  vicinity 
of  New  York,  he  did  not  fail  to  utilize  his  opportunities.  He  devoted  him- 
self largely  to  the  study  of  the  history  of  the  Church  in  America,  (as 
witness  his  first  little  hock,  a  chronological  records,  as  well  as  to  church. 
history  in  general.  His  growing  interest  in  such  studies,  and  desire  for 
culture  from  foreign  travel,  led  him  to  take  a  trip  to  Europe  in  1886.  He 
went  not  as  a  mere  sightseer,  but  to  enlarge  and  correct  his  knowledge 
by  visiting  the  historic  snots  where  great  events  in  Church  and  State  had 
occurred.  He  was  prepared,  from  his  own  studies,  to  be  a  guide  to  a 
party  of  a  few  ministerial  friends  who  traveled  with  him.  He  knew  just 
what  to  look  for,  inquire  about,  and  verify,  as  an  eye-witness.  But  he 
had  a  special  passion  for  the  minute  study  of  the  Netherlands — its  art, 
science,  literature,  educational  plans,  as  well  as  its  religious  history  am! 
progress. 

Hence,  a  year  or  two  later,  he  sought  and  obtained  the  position  of  Sec- 
retary of  the  United  States  Legation  at  The  Hague,  (under  Minister 
Thayre),  for  the  purpose  of  prosecuting  bis  historical  studies  as  oppor 
tunity  permitted.  Out  of  the  great  fund  of  knowledge  with  which  he  then 
enriched  his  mind,  he  wrote  his  hooks  and  lectures,  and  instructed  and 
entertained  his  readers  and  hearers  for  the  next  decade.  As  a  student 
and  writer,  he  held  a  very  important  place  in  the  domain  of  historical  re- 
search. He  was  fitted  for  the  work.  He  had  the  judicial  poise  and  calm 
of  a  historian.  He  came  to  be  recognized  everywhere  as  an  authority  in 
matters  pertaining  to  Holland  and  those  parts  of  his  own  country  where 
he  resided.  His  volume,  ''A  Church  and  Her  Martyrs."  published  soon 
after  his  return  from  Holland,  shows  a  large  research,  and  great  famil- 
iarity with  the  subject,  and  is  well  worth  careful  study.  He  was  also  very 
active,  and  largely  instrumental  in  giving  material  and  character  to  Wil- 
son's "Memorial  History  of  New  York" — a  monumental  work.  In  this.  Dr. 
Van  Pelt  has  three  elaborate  articles  under  his  own  name,  all  of  which 
are  treated  in  an  admirable  manner,  and  as  few  would  have  been  able  to 
do  it.  He  was  also  largely  instrumental  in  suggesting  and  shaping  other 
chapters,  being  a  constant  assistant  of  the  editor-in-chief  in  the  prepara- 
tion of  the  whole  work.  It  is  safe' to  say  that,  without  his  help,  this  work 
would  have  lacked  much  of  its  fulness  and  value.  His  work  on  "Pictures 
of  Early  Church  Life  in  New  York"  is  a  charming  little  volume,  written 
with  his  usual  grace.  But  his  greatest  work— "The  History  of  Greater 
New  York"— is  the  one  by  which  he  will  he  especially  remembered.  This 
is  a  wonderful  monument  to  his  intelligence  and  ability,  his  skill  in  com- 
position,  his  indefatigable  industry,  and  his  easy  comprehension  and  pleas- 


THE    MINISTRY.  84I 

ant  grouping  of  facts  and  incidents  of  the  most  diverse  kind.  It  is  the 
first  history  of  the  Great  Consolidated  City  of  New  York.  At  the  time  of 
his  death  he  was  one  of  the  Lecturers  in  the  Public  School  Course  in 
Manhattan. 

As  a  man,  his  keenness  of  conscience,  purity  of  heart  and  Christian 
character  were  ever  manifest.  His  genial  spirit  and  large  information 
made  him  a  charming  companion.  As  a  writer,  he  was  master  of  a  clear 
and  forcible  style.  As  a  historian,  he  was  painstaking  in  research,  accurate 
and  exact  in  statement.  As  a  religious  thinker,  he  demanded  freedom  of 
thought.  He  did  not  love  to  be  cramped  by  scholastic  formulas,  or  ecclesi- 
astical machinery,  but  held  that  Christianity  was  more  of  a  living  union 
and  fellowship  with  Christ.  Upon  the  return  of  Dr.  E.  T.  Corwin  from 
Holland,  in  1898,  with  a  great  mass  of  documents  relating  to  our  early 
American  church  history,  Dr.  Van  Pelt  was  at  once  chosen  as  translator, 
because  of  his  great  familiarity  with  Dutch  history  in  general.  He  had 
been  engaged  about  sixteen  months  on  this  work,  and  was  planning  en- 
larged operations  of  a  similar  nature  on  the  very  day  of  his  death.  Bath- 
ing, before  retiring,  in  the  East  River,  a  little  above  Astoria,  he  was,  in 
some  way,  swept  out  into  the  current,  and  was  drowned.  See  also  "Mints. 
Gen.  Syn.,"  1901,  p.  1248. 

Publications:  Translations,  (in  connection  with  other  students),  of 
Dutch  Documents,  (the  Brodhead  Documents)  belonging  to  the  General 
Synod ;  done  under  the  auspices  of  the  Sage  Library  Committee,  1875-77. — 
Translation,  in  part,  of  ten  Kate's  "Schepping,"  (or  Poem  on  Creation)  ; 
in  "Ch.  Int." — Translations  of  Letters  of  Congratulation,  from  individuals, 
Universities  and  Schools,  in  Holland,  for  the  Centennial  Volume  of  the 
New  Brunswick  Theolog.  Sem.  1885. — Chronological  Table  of  Events  in 
the  Hist,  of  Refd.  (Dutch)  Ch.  in  America,  1886.— "A  Church  and  Her 
Martyrs,"  1888.— Chapters,  in  "Wilson's  Memorial  History  of  New  York," 
1892:  namely,  "The  Antecedents  of  New  Netherland  and  the  West  India 
Company";  "New  York  City  under  Gov.  John  Montgomerie,  1728-32"; 
"The  Closing  Years  of  the  18th  Century,  1793-1800." — "Pictures  of  Early 
Church  Life  in  New  York  City";  about  1894. — "History  of  Greater  New 
York,"  2  vols.  1898;  (more  than  1,000  pages). — "Stories  of  the  Reforma- 
tion."—"The  Martyred  Pastor."  1890.— "Walter  Homsen,"  1886.— "The 
Soldier's  Ward,"  1877.— "The  Heretic  Priest"  1886.— "Philip's  Hunt."— 
"The  Hollanders  in  Nova  Zembla,"  a  Translation  of  Hendrik  Tollen's 
work,  1884. — "Hendrik  Hudson's  Voyage  and  Its  Results." — "The  Admin- 
istrations of  Peter  Minuit  and  Wouter  Van  Twiller." — "Lord  Lovelace 
and  the  Second  Canadian  Campaign." — "Sir  Denvers  Osborn  and  Sir 
Charles  Hardy." — "The  Empire  State  in  Three  Centuries." — "One  Hun- 
dred Years  of  Business  Life":  W.  H.  Schieffelin  &  Co.  1894. — Many  arti- 
cles in  the  Periodical  Literature  of  the  Day,  and  in  the  Press.  Many  Arti- 
cles, especially  in  connection  with  Church  History,  in  the  "Ch.  Int."— 
Translations  of  the  Documents  and  Letters  obtained  by  Dr.  Corwin  in 
Holland,  1897-8.  (He  was  earnestly  engaged  on  this  work  when  he  was 
so  sadly  drowned.)  Translation  of  Freeman's  Defence  of  himself,  1726; 
in  reference  to  his  relation  to  the  Frelinghuysen  case. 


042  THE   MINISTRY. 

Van  Pelt,  Peter  I.,  b.  at  Bushwick,  L.I.,  May  j-,  1778;  C.C.  1799,  studied 
under  Livingston,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1801 ;  Staten  Island,  1802-35,  Fordham, 
36-47,  d.  Jan.  20,  1861.  Also  chaplain  in  the  war,  1812-14.  D.D.  by 
R.C.  1834. 

Brought  up  in  the  Dutch  language,  he  was  firsl  taught  the  rudiments 
of  English  at  the  village  school  of  New  Utrecht.  He  then  went  to  Erasmus 
Hall  at  Flatbush,  over  which  his  uncle,  the  famous  educator,  Peter  Wil- 
son, LL.D.,  presided.  The  graduating  exercises  of  his  class  in  Columbia 
College  were  held  in  St.  Paul's  Church,  on  the  first  Wednesday  of  August, 
1799.  That  college  was  then  under  the  Presidency  of  Dr.  Johnson.  Dur- 
ing his  preparation  for  the  ministry,  he  delivered,  by  request  of  a  com- 
mittee of  Kings  County,  an  oration  on  the  death  of  Washington,  at  the 
church  of  Flatbush,  Feb.  22,  1800.  The  great  work  of  his  life  was  accom- 
plished mi  Staten  Island,  where  he  had,  on  several  occasions,  especially  in 
1812,  1813,  1814,  large  accessions  to  the  church.  He  also  supplied  the 
church  at  Richmond,  S.  I.,  and,  with  the  assistance  of  his  parishioner  and 
friend.  Gov.  Tompkins,  he  also  established  a  church  at  Tompkinsville,  S.  I., 
which  he  supplied  frequently. 

He  was  also  appointed  chaplain  by  Gov.  Tompkins,  during  the  war  of 
1812-15,  to  preach  to  the  volunteers  and  militia  troops  on  Staten  Island. 
President  Madison  also  appointed  him  chaplain  in  the  regular  army  of 
the  Third  Military  District  of  New  York.  Gov.  Tompkins  invited  him 
to  make  the  address  of  welcome  to  General  La  Fayette,  on  his  arrival  at 
the  Governor's  house — as  the  nation's  guest,  in  August,   1824. 

He  was  also  the  spiritual  counselor  of  Aaron  Burr  in  his  last  hours, 
Sept.  13,  1836.  After  a  ministry  of  forty-six  years  he  retired  to  his 
daughter's  house  in  Hammond  Street,  N.Y.C.,  which  he  brightened  by 
his  genial  presence  for  several  years. 

He  was  a  man  of  ardent  patriotism,  distinguished  by  his  zeal  in  pro- 
moting the  approved  interests  of  society.  He  was  a  gentleman  of  digni- 
fied demeanor  and  imposing  presence.  He  was  invited,  in  1851,  by  the 
citizens  of  Tompkinsville,  S.  I.,  to  deliver  an  address,  which  was  pub- 
lished and  widely  circulated,  on  account  of  the  views  it  contained  respect- 
ing slavery.  He  believed  in  its  divine  right.  See  "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  iv.  37. 
"Dr.  Jas.  Brownlee's  Hist.  Sermons  on  Staten  Island,"  1865-75. 

Publications  :  An  Oration  in  consequence  of  the  death  of  General 
George  Washington,  late  President  of  the  United  States,  delivered  by 
request  in  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  of  Flatbush,  on  Saturday,  the  22d 
of  February,  1800,  by  Peter  Van  Pelt,  A.B.,  student  of  divinity.  Here 
follows  a  quotation  from  Horace,  and  then:  "Brooklyn:  Printed  by 
Thomas  Kirk — 1800."  The  oration  is  a  memorial  addressed  to  "Ameri- 
cans, Friends  and  Fellow-Citizens,"  and  delivered  in  compliance  with  a 
late  resolve  of  Congress,  and  the  Proclamation  of  the  President  of  the 
United  States,  and  more  immediately  under  the  auspices  of  a  committee 
of  arrangements  for  Kings  County,  at  whose  instance  a  copy  was  sought 
for  publication.  The  oration  covers  twenty-four  printed  pages,  with  the 
piquant,  pointed  sentiments  peculiar  to  its  author  in  after  years,  and  closes: 


THE    MINISTRY.  843 

"Teach  your  children,  and  your  children's  children  the  unrivalled  charac- 
ter of  Washington,  great  in  war,  great  in  peace.  And  they,  like  us,  will 
drop  the  tear  of  affection  on  the  Urn  of  our  departed  Hero." 

Disc,  at  the  Fun.  of  Rev.  Peter  Lowe.  1818. — Oration  on  Life,  Character, 
and  Services  of  the  late  Hon.  Dan.  D.  Tompkins.  1843. — Discourse  at 
the  Request  of  the  Survivors  of  the  Veteran  Corps  of  the  War  of  1812, 
July  4,  185 1. 

Van  Raalte,  Albertus  Christianus  (son  of  Rev Van  Raalte),  b.  ai 

Waarneperveen,  Overyssel,  Neths.,  Oct.  17,  1811;  matriculated  at 
Leyden  University,  June  16,  1829,  signing  himself  as  from  "Wanne- 
pervena-Drenthinus,  18,  T."  (18  years  old,  student  of  Theology); 
graduated,  1831 ;  Leyden  Theolog.  Sem.  1834,  examined  in  the  Provin- 
cial Synod  of  The  Hague,  May,  1835,  ordained  for  general  service  in 
Amsterdam,  in  the  General  Synod  of  The  Separated,  or  Free  Re- 
formed Church  of  the  Netherlands.  March  4,  1836 ;  Miss,  first  in 
Geneminden,  then  in  Ommer,  (Overyssel),  36-44,  Arnheim,  (Guelder- 
land),  44-6,  c.  to  America;  Holland,  Mich.,  51-67;  Miss,  of  the 
Classes  of  Holland  and  Wisconsin  for  the  Emigration  Field,  Amelia 
C.  H.,  Va.,  69-70;  Pres.  of  Council  of  Hope  College,  70-4:  d.  Nov.  7, 
1876.     D.D.  by  R.C.    1858. 

During  his  theological  course  the  difficulties  between  the  Separatists  and 
the  State  were  culminating.  Alienated  by  the  existing  corruption  in  doc- 
trine and  practice,  many  of  the  humbler  class  withdrew  from  the  regular 
Church  and  began  their  own  ecclesiastical  arrangements.  Whereupon  there 
was  revived  an  obsolete  law  of  the  Code  Napoleon,  10,  which  forbade  the 
assembling  together  of  more  than  a  certain  limited  number  of  persons, 
except  by  permission  of  the  government ;  and  thus  it  was  sought  to  crush 
out  the  secession.  But,  undeterred  by  the  fear  of  legal  penalties,  they  con- 
tinued to  meet  for  social  worship,  often  in  secret,  and  were  pursued  from 
place  to  place  by  the  officers  of  the  law. 

Under  these  circumstances,  young  Van  Raalte  identified  himself  with 
the  persecuted  people  of  God,  and  was  ordained  by  their  few  ministers  in 
1836.  Although  the  seceders  were  destitute  of  influence  through  educa- 
tion, social  position,  wealth  or  numbers,  yet  he  cast  in  his  lot  with  them. 
Possessed  of  high  intellectual  gifts  and  rare  eloquence,  he  turned  from 
the  career  which  might  have  opened  before  him  in  the  reigning  Church, 
and  was  often  subject  to  civil  process,  even  to  fines  and  imprisonment. 

At  length,  when  relief  was  sought  by  the  people  from  the  oppression 
which  attended  their  assertion  of  the  rights  of  conscience,  their  minds 
were  naturally  turned  to  these  shores  as  an  asylum,  and  in  America  many 
of  them  eventually  found  their  haven  of  hope.  While  scattered  families 
located  in  different  cities,  East  and  West,  and  while  an  important  colony 
settled  in  Iowa,  and  to  their  new  city  of  refuge  gave  the  appropriate  name 
of  Pella,  Dr.  Van  Raalte  selected  Ottawa  Co.,  Michigan,  because  a  suit- 
able tract  of  land  could  there  be  found.  But  what  little  money  the  Hol- 
landers had,  Providence  took  away  from  them.  They  were  obliged  to 
encounter  pioneer  trials  and  distresses  in  no  ordinary   degree.     But  Dr. 


^44  THE    MINISTRY. 

Van  Raalte  set  an  example  of  unflinching  fortitude.  Besides  pastoral  la- 
bors, he  went  from  place  to  place  at  the  East  and  solicited  funds  for  the 
Holland  Academy. 

See  an  account  of  his  persecutions  and  sufferings  in  "Hist,  of  Christian 
Reformed  Church  of  the  Netherlands."  Translations  into  English  of  his 
successful  examinations,  but  of  the  Refusal  of  the  State  Church  to  ordain 
him,  may  be  seen  in  "Ch.  Int..*'  Sept.  30,  1880.  Also  pp.  136-141,  191-207, 
of  this  work.— "Hist  Compendium  of  Ottawa  Co.,  Mich."  p.  98. — "Moer- 
dyk's  Hist.  Grand  Rapids,"  p.  14.— "Levensschet's  van  Rev.  A.  C.  Van 
Raalte,  D.D.  door  Rev.  IT.  E.  Dosker."  pp.  335;  or  "Sketch  of  the  Life  of 
Van  Raalte."  etc. 

Van  Rensselaer.   Nicholas,  b.  in   Neths.   1647;   lie.  by   ;  reed,  in  CI. 

Amst.  Oct.  2,  1662;  ord.  as  a  deacon  of  Ch.  of  England,  1665;  Dutch 
ch.  at  Westminster.  1665-..;  matriculated  at  Leyden  University; 
("Nov.  19,  1670,  Nicolaus  van  Rentzelaer,  Amstelodamensis,  V.D.M. 
23")  ;  accepted  by  CI.  Amst.  as  an  "Expectant  for  Foreign  chs."  Ap. 
4,  1672;  c.  to  America,  1674,  Albany,  1675-7,  deposed.     Died  1678,  Nov. 

By  what  Classis  he  was  originally  licensed  to  preach  does  not  appear. 
The  first  reference  to  him  in  the  "Minutes  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam," 
is  the  following- 


ACTS    OF   THE   CLASSIS    OF   AMSTERDAM. 

Candidates  Soliniis,  Rensselaer.,  and  Lydnts. 

1662,  October  2d.  Rev.  Peter  Solinus,  Rev.  Nicholas  Rennselaer,  and 
Isaac  Lydius,  candidates  in  Sacred  Theology,  having  stood  within,  with 
the  others,  request  to  be  received  among  those  recommended  by  the 
Classis.  The  Rev.  Assembly  read  their  testimonials.  After  they  had 
given  proof  of  their  gifts,  and  had  subscribed  the  formula?  of  Concord, 
their  request  was  granted,     vi.  27S. 

lie  was  a  younger  son  of  the  first  patroon  of  Rensselaerwyck.  He  is 
found  in  the  train  of  Charles  11.,  at  Brussels,  and  luckily  prophesied  to 
him  that  he  would  be  restored  to  the  throne.  When  the  event  occurred, 
he  accompanied  the  Dutch  ambassador,  Van  Gogh,  to  London,  as  Chap- 
lain to  the  embassy;  and  the  King  recollecting  his  prediction,  gave  Van 
Rensselaer  a  gold  snuff-box,  with,  his  likeness  in  the  lid,  which  is  still 
preserved  by  the  family  at  Albany.  After  Van  Gogh  left  London,  because 
of  the  Dutch  war  in  1605,  Van  Rensselaer  received  Charles'  license  to 
preach  to  the  Dutch  congregation,  at  Westminster,  was  ordained  a  deacon 
in  the  English  Church  by  the  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  and  was  appointed 
lecturer  at  St.  Margaret's,  Lothbury. 

But  in  1670  we  find  him  matriculating  as  a  V.D.M.  1  Verbi  Dei  Minister), 
minister  of  God's  Word,  at  Leyden  University.  He  gives  his  residence 
as  Amsterdam,  and  his  age  as  twenty-three.  Two  years  later  we  find  the 
owing  action  of  the  Classis: 


THE    MINISTRY.  845 

ACTS    OF    THE    CLASSIS    OF    AMSTERDAM. 

Rev.   Rensselaer,  Accepted,   as  Expectant  for  Foreign   Churches. 

1672,  April  4th.  Rev.  Nicholas  van  Rennselaer  having  come  within, 
exhibited  certificates  from  some  members  of  the  German  (Dutch)  church 
in  London,  as  well  as  from  the  Rev.  Consistory  at  Leyden,  as  to  his  doc- 
trine and  life.  He  requested  to  be  advanced  (promoted,  ordained),  for 
the  churches  in  foreign  lands.  After  delivering  a  sermon  he  was  ad- 
mitted among  the  "expectants."     vii.  30;  xix.   159. 

In  1673  the  Dutch  regained  possession  of  New  Netherland,  and  held  it 
for  a  single  year.  It  was  then  surrendered  a  second  time,  Andros  becom- 
ing Governor.  With  him  came  over  this  Rev.  Nicholas  Van  Rensselaer. 
He  had  sought  and  obtained  a  grant  of  the  colony  of  Rennselaerwyck,  but, 
before  the  courts,  he  failed  to  retain  it.  He  was  now  recommended  by 
the  Duke  of  York  (July,  1674).  for  a  living  in  one  of  the  Dutch  churches 
in  the  colony.  Andros  arbitrarily  resolved  to  induct  him  in  the  church  of 
Albany  as  a  colleague  of  old  Domine  Schaats.  But  the  Consistory  at 
Albany  resisted,  and  the  New  York  church  sent  their  pastor  thither,  and 
for  a  time  he  seems  to  have  acted  almost  as  a  colleague  of  Schaats.  Dr. 
Rogers,  in  his  sermon  on  the  church  of  Albany,  refers  to  Van  Nieuwen- 
huysen  as  Nieuwenhyt.  and  as  one  of  the  regular  pastors  at  Albany,  not 
thoroughly  then  understanding  the  history.  When  Van  Rensselaer  sub- 
sequently visited  New  York,  lie  was  warned  not  to  baptize  any  children 
who  might  be  brought  to  the  church  in  the  afternoon  for  that  purpose. 
Van  Rensselaer  complained  of  this  to  the  Governor.  As  the  circum- 
stance had  its  influence  en  the  relation  of  the  Dutch  Church  to  the  Eng- 
lish government,  the  papers  are  here  given : 

Rev.  Nicholas  Van  Rensselaer.  Is  an  Ordination  of  the  Church  of 
England  sufficient  in  a  Dutch  Church? — Rev.   Wm.   Van   Nieuwenhuysen. 

At  a  Council,  Sept.  25,  1675. 

Present. — The  Governor,  the  Secretary,  Capt.  Brockholes,  Mr.  J.  Laur- 
ence, Capt.  Dyre,  Mr.  Fred.   Philips. 

The  matter  under  consideration  was  ye  Complaint  of  Domine  Nicholas 
van  Renslaer  against  Domine  Newenhuysen,  upon  account  of  his  sending 
to  him  by  some  of  ye  Elders  on  Sunday  last,  to  forbid  him  to  baptize  any 
children  that  should  be  brought  in  the  afternoon  to  be  baptized.  Upon 
which  he  forbears  coming  to  ye  Church  that  time,  but  said  he  went  to 
speak  with  Domine  Newenhuysen,  to  know  his  reason  for  what  he  had 
done. 

To  whom  ye  said  Domine  replyed  aloude  in  ye  street,  that  it  was  be- 
cause he  did  not  looke  upon  him  to  be  a  lawful!  Minister,  nor  his  admit- 
tance at  Albany  to  be  Lawfull,  whereupon  ye  said  Domine  Renslaer 
desired  to  speake  to  him  in  ye  house,  and  to  show  him  what  Testimonials 
he  had,  which  he  admitted,  yet  afterwards  would  scarcely  looke  on  them 


846  THE    MINISTRY. 

but  exclaimed  against  him  in  like  manner  as  before ;  That  afterwards  at 
Mr.  Ebbings,  one  of  ye  Elders,  they  saw  all  his  Papers,  but  ye  Domine 
still  said,  that  one  ordained  in  England,  had  nothing  to  do  with  their 
Church,  without  a  Certificate  from  their  Classis. 

Domine  Newenhuysen  did  not  deny  at  all  that  was  alleaged  against 
him,  but  on  ye  contrary,  did  in  a  manner  maintaine,  That  no  one  that 
only  had  orders  from  ye  Church  of  England  had  sufficient  authority  to 
be  admitted  a  Minister  here,  to  administer  ye  Sacraments  without,  as 
before,  etc. 

Resolved,  That  Domine  Newenhuysen  shall  have  time  of  two,  three  or 
four  days  to  sett  in  writing  what  his  opinion  or  judgement  is  in  this  case, 
particularly  whether  a  Minister  ordained  in  England  by  a  Bishop,  coming 
here  and  having  Certificate  thereof,  bee  not  sufficient  ordination  to  Preach 
and  administer  ye  Sacraments  in  ye  Dutch  here  or  no. 

Hee  offers  to  bring  it  in  on  Thursday  next. 

A  Copie  of  Domine  Newenhuysen's  Orders  and  Instructions  from  ye 
Classis  at  Amsterdam,  to  be  taken  and  ye  Originalls  given  him  againe. 

Domine  Renslaer's  papers  of  Certificate  and  Testimonialls  were,  viz. : 

The  Ordinacon  by  Dr.  Earle  Bishop  of  Sarum,  to  be  a  Deacon. 

His  Majesty's  allowance  of  him  under  his  Signett  to  be  a  Minister, 
and  to  preach  to  ye  Dutch  Congregation  at  Westminster. 

A  Certificate  from  severall  persons  of  Quality  of  his  being  an  allowed 
Chaplaine  to  ye  Embassador  extraordinary  ye  Heer  Gogh  from  ye  States 
of  Holland. 

A  Certificate  from  ye  Minister  and  officers  of  a  Church  in  London,  of 
his  having  officiated  as  a  Lecturer  there. 

The  Duke  of  York's  recommendation  of  him  to  the  present  Governor 

here. 

Upon  which  ye  following  Order  was  made,  viz.  Upon  the  Complaint 
of  Domine  Nicholas  Van  Renslaer.  Minister  of  Albany,  That  Domine  Wil- 
helmus  Newenhuysen,  Minister  of  this  Towne,  had  openly  and  with  words 
of  contempt  said  that  Domine  Renselaer  was  no  Minister,  and  his  ordin- 
acon not  good,  both  parties  appearing  this  day  at  the  Counsell.  Mr.  Rens- 
laer having  produced  his  severall  Ordinacon  of  Deacon  and  Presbiter  by 
the  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  also  attestacons  of  his  having  been  Minister  to 
Myn  Heer  Van  (Gogh).  Embassador  from  the  States  Generall  residing  at 
London,  and  since  Minister  of  ye  Dutch  Church  at  Westminster,  and 
Lecturer  at  St.  Margarett's,  Loathbury,  in  London,  and  of  his  good  com- 
port in  said  Churches,  together  with  his  Majesty's  Signett  for  Westmin- 
ster, and  his  Royal  Highnesse  letter  of  recommendacon  to  this  place  or 
Albany,  if  vacant,  and  made  appeare  his  being  chosen,  admitted  and  offici- 
ateing  in  ye  Church  at  Albany,  according  to  their  usual  manner  and  Con- 
stitucon  of  ye  Reformed  Church,  with  ye  approbation  and  Confirmation  of 
ye  Magistrates  and  Governor,  all  which  being  found  to  be  authenticke. 

Upon  a  full  hearing  of  all  partys,  it  appearing  that  Domine  Newen- 
huysen had  spoken  ye  words  declaring  Domine  Renslaer  to  be  no  Minis- 
ter, etc.,  ye  above  testimony  being  produced  in  Councell  to  ye  said  Newen- 
huysen, and  he  owned  to  have  been   made  acquainted  therewith,   still  in- 


THE    MINISTRY.  847 

sisted  ye  said  Domine  Renslaer's  Ordinacon  nor  Call,  did  not  fitly  qualify 
him  to  administer  ye  Sacraments,  for  which  giving  no:  ye  least  sufficient 
reason,  but  implied  according  to  his  owne  fancy. 

Being  Withdrawne,  after  mature  deliberacon,  It  being  of  great  weight 
and  Consequence,  It  is  Resolved  that  ye  said  Domine  Newenhuysen  shall 
have  some  time  to  give  in  his  Answer  to  ye  above  in  writing,  which  he 
desiring  no  longer  then  till  Thursday,  Ordered,  That  on  Thursday,  ye 
30th  instant,  ye  said  Domine  Newenhuysen  shall,  by  two  o'clock  in  the 
afternoon,  appeare  and  bring  in  ye  same,  particularly  whether  ye  Ordina- 
tion of  ye  Church  of  England  be  not  sufficient  qualification  for  a  Minister 
comporting  himselfe  accordingly,  to  be  admitted,  officiate  and  administer 
ye  Sacraments,  according  to  ye  Constitucons  of  ye  Reformed  Churches 
of  Holland.  At  which  time  ye  Elders,  and  all  other  officers  of  ye  Dutch 
Church  are  likewise  required  to  appeare  and  be  present. 

By  Order  of  ye  Governor  in  Councell,  M.  H.,  Seer. 

This  order  of  Councell  was  sent. — "Doc.  Hist.  N.  Y.,"  iii.  526,  527. 


Defence   of  Nieuwenhuysen   in    relation    to    the   claims   of  Rev.    Nicholas 
Van   Rensselaer.     September  25-30,    1675. 

To  his  Excellency,  Major  Sir  Edmud  Andros,  Governor-General  of  His 

Royal  Highnesses'  Territories  in  America : 
Excellent  and  Honored  Sir: — 

As  I  have  before  declared  in  the  presence  of  your  Excellency  and  the 
Council,  so  I  still  by  these  declare,  that  the  complaint  of  Domine  Nicholas 
Van  Rensselaer  against  my  person,  is  not  righteously  brought  in.  So  far 
from  my  ever  questioning  his  calling  as  a  minister,  ordained  by  the  Bishop 
of  Salisbury,  together  with  his  certificates  of  the  same,  I  have,  on  the 
contrary,  fully  assented  to  them,  when  they  were  presented  to  me.  In- 
deed, I  have  never  spoken  with  Domine  Van  Rensselaer,  either  in  private 
or  in  the  presence  of  the  Consistory,  about  the  lawfulness  of  his  call  to 
the  ministry;  nor  have  I  ever  hitherto  made  any  special  distinctions  be- 
tween the  English  and  Dutch  Churches.  I  sustain  the  one  as  well  as  the 
other.  I  am  not  referring  to  the  language  nor  to  individuals,  as  to  the 
Rules,  Discipline  and  Order,  wherewith  the  Church  is  served,  administered 
and  governed  in  each  country. 

But  as  to  the  point  to  which  I  am  especially  required  to  make  answer : 
It  is  my  opinion  that  the  ordination  of  the  Church  of  England  is  a  sufficient 
qualification  for  the  institution  of  a  minister,  lawfully  called  by  the  laying 
on  of  hands,  and  for  the  sending  of  him.  as  such,  in  the  dominions  of  his 
Majesty,  wherever  it  shall  please  their  Honors.  Nevertheless,  such  a 
minister  would  not  be  permitted  to  administer  the  sacraments,  as  a  min- 
ister of  the  Dutch  Church,  which  has  its  own  rights  to  be  governed  ac- 
cording to  the  customs  of  the  Netherlands  Reformed  Church ;  without 
having  previously  solemnly  promised,  as  is  usual  in  the  admission  of 
ministers  in  the  Netherlands,  to  conduct  himself  in  his  services,  conform- 
ably   to    their    Confession,    Catechism    and    Mode    of    Government.     This 


o4«  THE    MINISTRY. 

clearly  appears  from  the  53d  Article  of  the  Constitution  of  the  Reformed 
(  hurches  of  the  Netherlands. 

It  is  also  my  opinion,  on  the  Other  hand,  saving  the  correction  of  the 
jtfdges,  that  no  minister,  called  in  Holland  and  ordained  by  the  laying  on 
of  hands,  would  be  permitted,  as  a  regularly  called  minister,  to  administer 
the  sacraments  in  any  one  of  the  Episcopal  Churches  of  England  without 
previously  promising  to  maintain  and  follow  the  Canons,  Articles  and 
Rules  of  the  said  Episcopal  Church,  in  his  services. 

Nevertheless,  on  this  point,  I  shall  willingly  regulate  and  submit  myself 
according  to  my  instructions,  to  the  further  explication  of  the  Classis  by 
which  I  have  been  called,  invested  and   sent    forth. 

Hoping  herewith  that  I  have  fulfilled  your  Honor's  order,  I  am, 

Respected,  High  and  Honorable  Sir.  Your  Excellency's  Servant  and 
Subject,  Wilhelmus  Van  Nieuwemhuysen. 

At  a  Councell,  Sept.  30,   1675. 

Present. — The  Governor,  the  Secretary.  Mr.  Laurence.  Capt.  Dyre  and 
Mr.  Philips. 

This  day  being  appointed,  at  two  o'clock,  for  Domino  Newenhuysen  to 
bring  in  his  answer,  and  make  his  appearance,  with  ye  Elder-  and  Deacons 
of  the  Church. 

Hee  brings  a  paper  rather  in  the  Justification  of  himself  in  his  answer 
than  otherwise,  and  deneys  what  is  alleaged  against  him  by  Domine  Rens- 
l.i  r  therein. 

After  long  debate,  ye  Domine  and  ye  rest  of  ye  Elders  and  Deacons, 
seems  t,.  allow  in  words,  what  is  denyde  in  writing,  viz.:  That  a  Minister 
Ordained  in  England  by  the  Bishops  is  every  way  Capable,  etc. 

Time  i-  given  them  to  consider  againe  well  amongst  themselves,  and 
give  a  final  resolution  in  answer  to  the  Order  of  Councell,  to-morrow. 

There  were  before  the  Councell: 

Domine  Newenhuysen,  Minister:  Mr.  Jeronimus  Ebbing,  Mr.  Peter 
Stoutenberg,  Elders;  Mr.  Jacob  Tennisse  Kay.  Mr.  Reyneer  Willemse, 
Mr.  Gerritt  Van  Tright,  Mr.  Isaack  Van  Vleck,  Deacons. 

The  next  day  they  brought  in  their  paper  amended,  witli  all  Submission. 
— "Doc.    Hist.   X.  Y.."  iii.   527. 


Conditions  under  which  an   Episcopal  Minister  may  be  acknowledged   in 

,1  Dutch  Church. 

To  the  Noble,   High.   Honorable  Sir,   Major  Edmund   Andros,  Governor- 
General  of  all  his  Royal  Highnesses'  Territories  in  America. 
Noble,  High  and  Honorable  Sir: — 

A  minister,  according  to  the  order  of  the  Church  of  England,  lawfully 
called,  is  sufficiently  qualified  to  he  admitted  to  the  serving  and  administer- 
ing of  the  sacraments  in  a  Dutch  Church  belonging  under  his  Majesty's 
dominion,  when  he  has  promisedd  to  conduct  himself  in  his  service  accord- 
ing tc  the  Constitution  of  the   Reformed  Church  of  Holland. 


THE    MINISTRY. 


849 


Noble,  High,  Honorable  Sir,  Your  Excellency's  Servants  and  Subjects, 
The  Consistory  of  the  City  of  New  York,  In  the  name  of  all. 

Wilhelmus  Van  Nieuwenhuysen,  Pastor. 
New  York,  October  1,  1675- 

Promise  of  Rev.  Nicholas  Van  Rensselaer,  to  conform  to  the  Dutch 

Church. 

I,  the  undersigned,  have  promised  and  hereby  do  promise,  to  conduct 
myself  in  my  Church  services  as  minister  of  Albany  and  Rensselaerwyck, 
according  to  the  Dutch  Church,  conformably  to  the  public  Church  service 
and  discipline  of  the  Reformed  Church  of  Holland,  pursuant  to  that  which 
I  have  solemnly  promised  in  my  public  installation  before  the  whole  con- 
gregation of  Albany,  etc. 

Done  in  the  presence  and  view  of  Domine  Wilhelmus  Van  Nieuwen- 
huysen, minister  of  the  Word  of  God  in  New  York,  and  of  Jeronimus 
Ebbing,  Elder,  and  of  the  Burgomaster,  doff  Stevenson  van  Cortlandt. 

Nicholas  van  Rensselaer, 
Minister  of  the  Word  of  God  of  New  Albany  and  Rensselaerwyck. 

New  York,  October  2,  1675. 

Note.— Brodhead,  "Hist,  of  N.  Y.,"  vol.  ii.  272,  288,  says  that  Van  Rens- 
selaer had  been  ordained  in  both  England  and  Holland,  but  this  is  plainly 
a  mistake.  No  record  of  his  ordination  in  Holland  appears  on  their 
records.  He  sought  ordination  in  Holland,  April  4,  1672,  but  he  did  not 
receive  it.     See  item,  under  date,  above. 

Subsequently,  Van  Nieuwenhuysen  wrote  an  account  of  these  circum- 
stances to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  as  follows  : 

Reverend,  Pious,  Very  Learned  and  Most  Discreet  Fathers  and  Brethren 
in  Christ : — 
Your  acceptable  letter  of  December,  1674,  reached  us  safely;  but  thus 
far  we  have  had  no  opportunity  nor  suitable  material  for  an  answer.  But 
the  circumstances  which  have  now  befallen  us  forbid  longer  silence.  The 
principal  inducement  to  this  (letter)  is  occasioned  by  the  controversy, 
which  arose  between  me  and  Domine  Nicholas  Van  Rensselaer,  who  has 
been  palmed  off  upon  the  pulpit  here,  rather  than  called  to  it  in  a  legal 
way.  When  this  man  came  here,  with  the  restoration  of  the  English 
government,  in  October,  1674,  he  was,  after  a  few  months,  confirmed  in 
the  ministry  of  the  church  of  New  Orange,  now  New  Albany,  without  the 
least  consultation  with  any  ecclesiastical  persons  outside  of  the  said  place. 
This  I  judged  to  be  directly  contrary  to  the  rules  and  order  of  the  church 
of  the  Fatherland.  When  he  came  down  here  (New  York),  I  accordingly 
warned  him  by  an  elder  that  he  could  not  administer  baptism  in  our 
church,  which  he  would  otherwise  have  performed,  unsolicited,  until  he 
should  present  evidence  that  he  had  passed  his  final  examination,  and  had 
been  ordained  to  the  office  of  the  ministry  by  the  laying  on  of  hands  in 
the  Fatherland.     Instead  of  producing  this  evident,  he  immediately  went 


85O  THE    .MINISTRY. 

to  the  Governor  and  laid  slanderous  charges  (against  me).  He  said  that 
I  had  denied  that  the  Church  of  England  was  a  true  church,  that  I  had 
<1  the  authority  and  letters  of  the  King  and  of  the  Duke  of  York 
with  contempt,  and  had  subjected  myself  to  the  charge  of  crimen — nescio 
quod.  (Crimen  leasse  Majestatis?)  Nothing  of  these  charges  has  yet 
been  shown  to  me,  or  seen  by  me,  as  presented  by  him.  The  Council  being 
called  together  here  concerning  this  matter,  I  was  publicly  asked  if  the 
Church  of  England  or  the  Bishop  of  Salisbury  had  not  authority  to  ordain 
a  minister  for  our  Dutch  Church.  Whereupon  I  persistently  declared  that 
I  could  not  and  would  not  acknowledge  any  Episcopal  government  over 
the  church  committed  to  my  care.  I  placed  myself  for  vindication,  upon 
the  Church  Order  of  the  Netherlands,  and  referred  to  my  instructions  re- 
ceived from  your  Rev.  Body,  viz.,  that  all  things  must  be  done  in  harmony 
with  the  Netherland  Churches.  I  felt  that  if  my  plea  was  not  sustained, 
my  ministry  would  de  facto  cease;  yet  I  doubted  not  that  some  means 
would  be  honestly  provided  for  my  family,  for  it  was  under  the  care  and 
kindness  of  your  Rev.  Body  that  I  was  sent  hither.  I  have  sent  you  a 
copy  of  the  false  charge,  as  well  as  my  lawful  defence,  that  you  may 
understand  both.  I  doubt  not  that  my  defence  of  the  freedom  of  the 
Dutch  Church  will  prove  acceptable  to  your  Rev.  Body,  for  you  are  the 
pillars  of  the  same.  In  the  meantime.  I  await  your  advice  and  counsel  as 
to  that  which  is  now  brought  before  you. 

The  church  here  does  not  now  increase,  on  account  of  the  unprecedented 
proceedings  against  the  inhabitants  in  connection  with  the  change  of  gov- 
ernment. This  has  excited  the  hatred  and  contempt  of  the  rulers  against 
the  subjects.  I  should  not  be  surprised  if  a  large  portion  of  the  Dutch 
citizens  should  be  led  to  break  up  here  and  remove.  The  bearer  of  this, 
^Egidius  Luyck,  .9.5".  Ministerii  Candidatus,  will  give  you  verbal  testi- 
mony.    I  commend  to  your  attention  the  intelligence  he  will  furnish  you. 

I  close  by  supplicating  for  the  divine  blessing  upon  your  Classical  As- 
sembly, as  well  as  upon  your  ministerial  labors.  Praying  for  the  pros- 
perity of  Jerusalem,  and  anxiously  desiring  the  establishment  of  a  holy 
peace  throughout  Christendom,  and  commending  ourselves  and  ours  to 
your  kindness  and  favor,  I  remain. 

Reverend,  Pious.  Greatly  Learned,  and  Discreet  Sirs,  Your  Most  Obedi- 
ent and  Affectionate  Servant  and  Brother  in  Christ, 

William  Van  Nieuwk.vhuysen,  Ecclesiastes  in  New  York. 

New  York,  in  America,  May  20-30,  1676. 

We  pass  by  further  troubles  which  occurred  between  Van  Rensselaer 
and  the  church  of  Albany.  Van  Rensselaer  continued  to  officiate  for  about 
a  year,  when  be  was  imprisoned  for  some  dubious  words  which  lie  uttered 
in  the  pulpit.  The  Governor  ordered  him  to  be  released,  and  summoned 
the  magistrates  to  attend  him  at  New  York.  Tin  case  was  sent  back  to 
the  magistrates  of  Albany.  False  doctrine  was  proved,  but  a  reconciliation 
was  enjoined,  while  the  prosecutors  were  fined.  In  1677,  however,  the 
Governor  himself  was  compelled  to  depose  Van  Rensselaer,  because  of  his 
scandalous   life.     His  wife   was   Alida    Schuyler,    who   afterward    (1783), 


THE    MINISTRY.  851 

married  Robert  Livingston. — "Amst.  Cor.  Col.  Hist.,"  iii.  225.  "Doc. 
Hist.,"  iii.  434,  526,  530.  "Smith's  N.  Y.,"  33,  34.  "Brodhead's  N.  Y.," 
vol.  ii. 

Van  Riper,  Garrabrant,  b.  1807.  student  in  N.B.S.,  d.  1828,  Jan.  n. — "Mag. 
R.D.C.,"  ii.  352,  374-5. 

Van  Santvoord,  Cornelius,  b.  1686,  matriculated  at  Leyden  University  on 
Feb.  25,  1707,  giving  as  his  residence,  Leidensis,  and  age  as  21.  The 
subject  of  study  is  not  given.  He  studied  under  the  famous  John 
Marck. — Staten  Island,  1718-42,  also  Belleville,  1730-2,  Schenectady, 
1742-52,  d. 

The  first  reference  to  him  in  the  "Minutes  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam" 
is  as  follows : 

ACTS    OF    THE    CLASSIS    OF    AMSTERDAM. 

Call  to  Staten  Island. 

1717,  Nov.  22nd.  Rev.  Matthias  Winterwyck,  minister  at  Alphen,  and 
Mr.  William  Banker,  merchant  of  this  city,  were  brought  into  the  room, 
exhibiting  an  instrument  from  the  consistory  of  the  Dutch  and  French 
Congregation  on  Staten  Island,  in  the  Province  of  New  York,  by  which 
they  were  authorized  to  call  a  minister  from  that  church  who  should  preach 
in  Dutch  and  French.  They  declared  before  the  Classis  that  they  had 
chosen  for  such  a  minister  the  Rev.  Cornelius  Santfoort,  with  the  request 
that  the  Rev.  Classis  would  approve  the  call  made,  and  qualify  him  whom 
they  had  called. 

Rev.  Cornelius  van  Santfoort,  having  been  called  within,  declared  that 
he  accepted  said  call  in  the  fear  of  the  Lord,  on  the  conditions  expressed 
in  said  instrument  of  the  Consistory  of  said  churches.  The  Classis  having 
examined  his  excellent  testimonials,  approved  the  call  as  made ;  and  con- 
secrated (ingesegent)  him  to  that  office.  He  also  signed  the  Formula?  of 
Concord,     x.  68. 

Upon  his  arrival  he  preached  in  both  the  French  and  Dutch  languages 
to  the  people  of  Staten  Island.  He  was  an  intimate  friend  of  Domine 
Frelinghuysen  of  Raritan,  sympathizing  with  him  in  all  his  trials,  while 
his  learning,  acuteness,  and  manly  independence  qualified  him  to  be  his 
advocate.  In  this  character,  he  appeared  in  a  small  volume  entitled,  "A 
Dialogue  concerning  the  'Complaint'  of  the  People  of  the  Raritan  Valley; 
treating  of  the  Matters  which  have  in  that  Volume,  both  in  general  and  in 
particular,  been  laid  to  the  Charge  of  Cornelius  Van  Santvoord,  Minister 
on  Staten  Island.  Together  with  a  Supplement  in  behalf  of  the  Restoration 
of  Peace."     New  York:     Printed  by  J.  P.  Zenger,  1726. 

The  Dialogue  is  between  "Considerans"  and  "Candidus,"  the  former 
representing  the  Frelinghuysen  side,  and  the  latter  the  Complainants. 
It  is  ingenious  and  suggestive,  and  without  naming  any  of  the  ministers 
in  the  controversy,  it  really  admits  one  into  an  inside  view  of  the  whole 
controversy.     One  familiar  with  the  general  history  of  the   dispute  can, 


852  THE   MINISTRY. 

without  much  difficulty,  identify  the  different  ministers  involved.  One 
cannot  help  but  feel  that  the  writer  is  fair  to  all  parties,  notwithstanding 
the  controversy  was  between  the  more  evangelical  style  of  preaching  and 
that,  which  was  not  quite  so  enthusiastic.  He  refers  to  another  book,  "A 
Dialogue  on  Orthodoxy,"  which  appeared  while  Van  Santvoord  was  writ- 
ing his  Dialogue.  That  covers  the  same  ground,  and  was  written  with 
similar  intent.  No  copy  of  this  other  dialogue  is  now  known  to  exist. 
It  may  have  come  from  Presbyterian  sources,  as  the  Tennents  and  others 
were  largely  involved  in  this  whole  business.  Van  Santvoord  avers  that 
he  is  anxious  only  for  peace.  The  book  is  reviewed  by  the  Classis  of 
Amsterdam  in  a  letter  of  Dec.  1.  1726,  in  a  severer  way  than  it  deserves. 

Mr.  Van  Santvoord  also  translated  Professor  Marck's  commentary  on 
the  Apocalypse,  adding  much  to  it  by  his  own  reflections.  He  sent  it  to 
Holland  for  approval,  and  it  was  not  only  approved,  but  adorned  with  a 
copious  preface,  by  Professor  Wesselius.  The  high  respect  entertained 
and  shown  by  Mr.  Van  Santvoord  for  Professor  Marck  was  but  the  coun- 
terpart of  the  professor's  esteem  for  him.  He  declared  that  Mr.  V.  was 
one  of  his  most  distinguished  and  apt  pupils,  and  he  was  honored  by  the 
professor's  friendship  to  the  end  of  life. — "Amst.  Cor. ;  Brownlee's  Hist. 
Dis.  on  Staten  Island."  See  "Taylor's  Annals  of  Classis  of  Bergen," 
"Sprague's  Annals  of  Am.  Pulpit,"  Vol.  ix.    "McClintock's  Cyc." 

The  title  in  Dutch  of  the  above  alluded  to  Dialogue  is:  Samenspraak 
over  de  Klaghte  der  Raritanders.  i2mo.  V2  Morocco.  Te  Nieuw  York. 
Gedrukt  by  J.  Peter  Zenger,  1726.  A  copy  of  this  rare  work  was  owned 
by  Hon.  Win.  Nelson,  of  Paterson,  until  the  recent  disastrous  fire    (1902). 

Van  Santvoord,  Cor.  S.  (s.  of  Staats  Van  Santvoord),  b.  at  Belleville, 
N.J.,  Ap.  8,  1816;  U.C.  35,  N.B.S.  and  P.S.  38.  1.  by  Presbyt.  N.Y.,  38; 
ord.  CI.  Cayuga,  Sept.  26,  38;  Canastota,  38-9,  supplied  Coeymans  and 
\'<  u  Baltimore,  six  months,  39-40,  Saugerties,  40-55,  Union  Village, 
55-8,  Coxsackie,  2d,  59,  Schenectady,  2d,  59-61,  Chaplain  N.Y.S. 
Militia,  61-5,  Assoc.  Ed.  of  "The  Interior."  69-71,  Commissioner  of 
Schools,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  71-6,  supplied  churches  of  Bloomingdale, 
St.  Remy,  Linlithgo,  71-6,  w.  c.  D.D.  by  R.C.  18=5.     Died  Nov.  2,  1901. 

In  his  decease,  a  blameless,  well-rounded  and  beautiful  life,  thoroughly 
human,  yet  abundantly  flavored  with  the  Spirit  of  Christ,  completed  its 
earthly  cycle. 

His  rare  intellectual  qualities,  disciplined  by  careful  and  unrelaxing 
culture,  the  comprehensive  acquisitions  of  his  learning,  and  the  constant 
zest  which  fanned  them  to  a  glow,  invested  him,  to  such  as  were  admitted 
to  the  quiet  seclusion  of  his  friendship,  with  a  stimulating  charm. 

The  measure  of  his  affluent  mind  is  indicated  in  three  worthy  volumes 
from  his  pen  and  in  numerous  contributions  to  the  press,  the  last  of  which 
was  printed  in  the  "New  York  Time^"'  only  two  weeks  before  his  death. 

In  the  purity  of  his  style  and  lucidity  of  his  thoughts,  his  diction  re- 
minded one  of  the  faultless  periods  of  Edward  Everett.  It  was  a  just 
recognition  of  his  exceptional  capacity  when  the  Synod  requested,  as  it  has 


THE   MINISTRY.  853 

done  in  no  other  case  in  the  history  of  the  church,  the  publication  of  the 
sermon  he  had  preached  as  its  retiring  president. 

As  witnesses  to  the  achievements  of  his  ministry,  various  churches  bear 
the  impress  of  his  superior  preaching  power  and  consecrated  fidelity.  Two 
worthy  church  edifices,  those  of  Coeymans  and  Saugerties,  erected  by  his 
efforts,  also  stand  to  yield  their  testimony  to  his  efficiency. 

While  for  nearly  a  generation  he  had  lived  in  a  quiet  way  in  Kingston, 
he  was  not  unconcerned  in  the  most  vital  interests  of  the  kingdom  of  God. 
Though  his  tastes  mainly  inclined  him  to  the  realm  of  literature,  whose 
classic  forms  were  the  solace  of  his  years,  he  manifested  the  keenest  inter- 
est in  the  new  Biblical  scholarship  of  our  later  times.  With  broad-minded- 
ness and  generous  hospitality,  he  accepted  whatever  new  light  and  truth 
are  breaking  forth  out  of  God's  word.  But  while  he  modified  some  of  the 
traditional  conceptions  of  earlier  years,  the  clarity  of  his  unembarrassed 
mind  wrought  no  abatement  in  the  confidence  of  his  faith.  He  lived  close 
to  God,  and  borrowed  from  the  fellowship  a  kindred  divineness.  He  knew 
in  whom  he  had  believed,  and  in  the  abounding  assurance  of  a  trust  that 
never  cooled  he  was  kept  by  his  power  unto  salvation. — J.  G.  Van  Slyke. 

Publications:  Sermons— "On  the  New  Year."  1841.— "On  the  Death 
of  Mrs.  Charlotte  Case."  1843.— Disc,  at  the  Anniversary  of  the  Hope 
Temperance  Societies  of  Kingston.  1846.— Fun.  Ser.  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
Hardenbergh  DeWitt.  1849.— Disc,  on  the  Life,  Character  and  Services 
of  the  Hon.  Daniel  Webster.  1852.— Disc,  on  the  Death  of  Hon.  John  V. 
L.  Overbagh.  1853.— "Power  in  the  Preacher":  A  Sermon  before  the  Gen. 
Synod  of  R.C.A.  at  Newark.  1858.— Thanksgiving  Ser.,  Presbyt.  Ch., 
Schenectady,     i860.— In  "Ch.  Int." 

Articles. — On  "Dr.  Cannon's  Pastoral  Theology."  In  "Bibliotheca 
Sacra,"  ii.  417. — On  Spurgeon.  In  "Ulster  Republican."  i860. — On 
Hall  and  Chalmers.  In  "Ch.  Int."— On  Dr.  Brodhead.  In  "Ch.  Int."— 
On  Dr.  Westbrook.  In  "Ch.  Int."  and  "N.  Y.  Evening  Post."— On  Dr. 
Bethune.  In  "Ch.  Int."  1862.— A  Series  of  45  Letters,  in  the  "Ulster 
Republican,"  from  the  Camp,  1861-2.— On  Hon.  Geo.  Van  Santvoord. 
In  "Memorial  Pamphlet."  1863.— On  Rev.  Dr.  Eliphalet  Nott.  In  "N.  Y. 
Times."  1866.— On  Prof.  Tayler  Lewis.  In  "Albany  Evening  Journal." 
1877.— On  Gen.  James  B.  McPherson.  In  "Hours  at  Home."  1866  — 
"Solomon  and  the  Lily."  In  "Hours  at  Home."  1866.— On  "Nashville 
during  the  Rebellion."  1867.— Regular  Correspondent  of  "N.  Y.  Times." 
1863-6.  (See  Art.  on  "Losses  and  Gains  by  the  Rebellion,"  in  "N.  Y. 
Times,"  1865.)— Associate  Editor  of  "The  Interior,"  Chicago.  1869-71.— 
Numerous  articles  contributed  to  various  newspapers  and  magazines,  and 
Reports  in  Minutes  of  Gen.  Synod.  His  publications  in  the  press  continued 
with  unabated  vigor  up  to  within  a  few  days  of  his  death,  at  the  age  of  86. 

Volumes.— Discourses  on  Special  Occasions,  and  Miscellaneous  Papers. 
I  vol.  pp.  456.  N.Y.,  1856.— "Memoirs  of  Eliphalet  Nott,  D.D.,  LL.D.," 
for  sixty  years  President  of  Union  College;  with  Contributions  of  Prof. 
Tayler  Lewis,  of  Union  College.  1876.— Articles  in  "Sprague's  Annals"  on 
Drs.  Brodhead  and  Van  Wagenen. 


854  THE    MINISTRY. 

Van  Santvoord,  Staats,  b.  Mar.  15,  1790  (great-grandson  of  Cor.  Van 
Santvoord)  ;  U.C.  1811,  N.B.S.  14,  CI.  N.B.;  Belleville,  14-28,  Agent 
to  collect  funds  for  Theolog.  Sem.,  28-9;  Schodack,  29-34,  also  at 
Coeymans,  29-30 ;  S.S.  New  Baltimore,  34-9 ;  Onisquethaw,  39-64,  sup- 
plying also  Berne..  2d,  41-2,  and  New  Salem,  43-4,  and  pastor  at  Jeru- 
salem, 45-57 ;  in  service  of  the  Christian  Commission,  Nashville,  Tenn., 
1864,  w.  c.  Died  May  29,  1882,  being  92  years  of  age.  D.D.  by  U.C. 
1876. 

Publications:  Intallation  Sermon  at  Onisquethaw.  1841. — "On  the 
Sacrifice  of  Isaac.*'  1842.— Disc,  at  Dedication  of  R.D.C.  Salem.  1845.— 
"A  Spiritual  Gift,"  in  a  Series  of  fifteen  Discourses  on  the  "Essential  Doc- 
trines and  Duties  of  the  Christian  Religion."     N.Y.,   1851. 

Van  Schie,  Cornelius,  b.  1703;  matriculated  at  Leyden  University,  Aug.  1, 
1721,  as  a  student  of  Philosophy,  being  18  years  old;  residence,  Del- 
fensis ;  again  he  matriculated  on  Ap.  7,  1730,  as  a  student  of  Theology, 
being  26  years  old.  Delft  is  again  given  as  his  residence.  Ord.  by 
CI.  Amsterdam,  June  4,  1731.  Poughkeepsie  and  Fishkill.  1731-35 
Albany,  1733-44;  d.  Aug  15.  He  also  supplied  Rhinebeck  (Dutch 
ch."),  occasionally,  1731-3-  Supplied  Claverack.  1732-43- 
The  first  reference  to  him  in  the  "Minutes  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam" 

is  as  follows : 

ACTS   OF   THE   CLASSIS    OF   AMSTERDAM. 

Cornelius   Van  Schie. 
"Commendatus  ad  res  Extcras." 

1731,  April  2nd.  Cornelius  Van  Schie,  S.S.  Ministerii  Candidatus.  was 
received  as  "Commendatus  ad  ecclesias  Exteras,"  after  he  had  exhibited 
proper  certificates,  signed  the  Formulae,  and  preached  a  sermon  on  I  John 
1 :  9,  "If  we  confess  our  sins,  etc."     xi.  37. 

The  next  reference  is : 

Call  of  Cornelius   Van  Schie. 

1731,  June  4th.  The  Messrs.  van  de  Wal,  Hagelis,  Beds,  and  Reytsma, 
authorized  by  the  church  of  Poughkeepsie  and  Fishkill  to  make  out  a  call, 
did  bring  out  a  call,  after  obtaining  permission  from  the  Classis,  upon 
Cornelius  van  Schie.  a  candidate  at  Leyden.  He  was  brought  within  the 
room,  and  asked  if  he  accepted  that  call.  He  declared  that  he  accepted 
the  same  in  the  fear  of  the  Lord,  and  was  ready  for  immediate  examina- 
tion.    This  was  granted  him.     xi.  43. 

Examination  of  Cornelius  Van  Schie. 

i73i>  June  4th.  Cornelius  Van  Schie,  a  candidate,  of  Leyden,  having 
been  called  as  minister  to  Poughkeepsie  and  Fishkill,  preached  a  short 
sermon,  in  the  presence  of  Do.  Deputatus  Synodi  Visscher,  on  a  text  given 


THE    MINISTRY.  855 

by  the  Examiner.  He  was  then  admitted  to  the  final  examination.  He 
so  well  satisfied  the  Assembly  by  his  ready  and  fitting  answers  that  they 
admitted  him  to  the  Sacred  Ministry.  He  was  ordained  thereto  by  the 
Examiner,  by  the  laying  on  of  hands.  He  had  previously  repudiated  the 
condemned  opinion  of  Dr.  Bekker  and  Prof.  Roel ;  signed  the  Formulae 
of  Concord,  and  agreed  to  read  the  Forms  of  Baptism  and  of  the  Lord's 
Supper,  without  alteration ;  also  to  correspond  with  the  Classis,  and  to 
make  a  report  on  the  condition  of  his  church  immediately  after  his  arrival. 

No  Quantur  or  gravamen  has  come  in  from  any  churches.  At  the  next 
Classis  Rev.  van  Heemstede  must  preside  ex  ordine.     xi.  44. 

See  also  "Doc.  Hist.,"  iii.  589,  and  "Van  Gieson's  Hist,  of  Church  of 
Poughkeepsie." 

Van  Sinderin,  Ulpianus,  b.  in  Neths.,  Dec.  12,  1708;  Brooklyn,  Flatlands, 
Bushwick,  New  Utrecht.  Flatbush.  1746-84.  resigned;  also  Gravesend, 
1747-65,  emeritus,  1784.     Died  July  23,  1796. 
The  first  reference  to  him  is  as  follows : 

ACTS   OF   THE   CLASSIS    OF   AMSTERDAM. 

Call  of  a  Minister  for  the  Five  Churches  on  Long  Island. 

1745,  Oct.  4th.  Art.  7.  The  Revs.  Schiphout  and  Goris,  who  as  Depu- 
ties ad  res  Exteras  had  been  heretofore  directed  to  procure  a  minister  for 
the  five  churches  on  Long  Island,  made  known  that  for  this  purpose  had 
come  forward  the  candidate  Ulphanius  van  Zinderen.  He  belongs  to  the 
Classis  of  Zevenwouden  (Friesland).  At  the  same  time  the  present  Depu- 
ties received  permission  to  send  for  him,  if  upon  further  inquiry,  they  hear 
good  reports  of  him.  His  gifts  may  then  also  be  ascertained,  and  he  may 
be  examined  and  ordained  at  the  January  Classis.     xii.  101. 

Revs.  Ulpianus  van  Sinderen,  and  (Lambertiis)  de  Ronde. 

1746,  Jan.  nth.  Art.  3.  The  candidate  Ulpianus  van  Zinderen,  about 
whom,  see  the  preceding  Acts,  having  exhibited  to  us  certificates  of  his 
examination  in  the  Classis  of  Zevenwoude  (Friesland),  and  of  his  church- 
membership,  was  thereupon  called  as  minister  to  the  five  churches  on  Long 
Island.  Also  the  documents  were  read  relating  to  the  dismission  of  Rev. 
Lambertus  de  Ronde,  called  to  Suriname,  both  from  his  church  and  from 
the  Classis  of  Zalt-Bommel  (Gelderland)  With  these  documents  the 
Classis  were  satisfied,     xii.   103. 

Examination,  Preparatory  and  Final. 

1746,  Jan.  nth.  Art.  8.  The  candidate  Ulpianus  van  Zinderen  preached 
on  Ps.  31:20;  the  candidate  van  der  Spui  on  Ephes.  2:20;  and  the 
student  Limburg,  on  Matt.  5 :  3.  They  were  then  admitted  to  the  prepara- 
tory and  final  examinations,  and  therein  gave  so  much  satisfaction  to  the 
Rev.  Assembly  that  the  two  former  were  admitted  to  the  Sacred  Ministry, 
each  one  for  that  church  to  whose  service  he  was  called.  The  third  one  was 


856  'J  1't;    MINISTRY  . 

licensed  to  preach  God's  Holy  Word  before  the  congregation.  They  de- 
clared themselves  orthodox  regarding  the  condemned  opinions  of  Prof. 
Koel  and  Dr.  Bekker,  and  agreed  to  read  the  Forms  for  Baptism  and 
Communion  without  change.  Rev.  van  Limburg  also  took  the  oath  against 
Simony,  and  they  all  signed  the  Formulae  of  Concord.  In  particular,  the 
ordained  ministers  agreed  to  keep  up  the  correspondence  with  us.  The 
Rev.  van  Zinderen  promised  to  lend  a  hand  toward  the  Ccetus  in  New 
York,  and  to  further  it  as  far  as  possible.  They  were  then  installed  in 
their  respective  offices,     xii.  104,  105. 

He  was  called  in  the  place  of  Antonides.  He  almost  at  once  incurred 
the  displeasure  of  Arondeus,  because  he  officiated  at  a  marriage  shortly 
after  his  arrival.  Arondeus  therefore  refused  to  introduce  him  to  the 
people.  He  bought  over  with  him  the  letter  from  the  Classis  authorizing 
the  formation  of  a  Ccetus.  He  also  showed  a  not  altogether  proper  spirit 
in  refusing  to  be  reconciled  to  Arondeus  privately,  when  the  Consistory 
wished  it.  He  insisted  on  a  public  reconciliation.  The  Consistories  then 
retracted  his  call,  and  when  he  insisted  on  preaching,  left  their  seats.  In 
1750  he  was  declared  to  be  the  only  lawful  minister  in  Kings  County.— 
"Amst.  Cor.;  Mints,  of  Ccetus." 

Van  Slyke,  Evert,  b.  Stuyvesant,  N.Y.;  R.C.  1862,  N.B.S.  65,  1.  CI.  N.Y. ; 

White  Houes,  65-7,  West  Farms.  67-71,  Albany,  3d,  71-2,  Stamford, 

Ct,  72-6,  Syracuse,  76-85.   Catskill,  85-96,   S.S.  Brooklyn,   North,  96- 

1901,  traveling. 

Publications:     Faper  before  Alliance  of  Refd.   Chs.,  Toronto.— Many 

contributions  to  the  pre 

Van  Slyke.  John  Garnsey,  b.  at  Coeymans,  N.Y.,  Feb.  26,  1S45 ;  R.C. 

1866,    N.B.S.   69,   1.   CI.    Albany;    Readington,   69-70;    Jamaica,    70-76; 

Kingston,  1st,  1876- D.D.  by  R.C.  1883. 

Publications:  Sermons,  Review  Articles,  and  numerous  contributions 
to  the  Religious  Pr<  ss.  "Hist,  of  Ref.  Ch.  Jamaica,  L.I."  1876.— "Prophetic 
Element  in  Preaching":  Address  before  Alumni  of  N.B.S.,  1894.— "Recol- 
lections  of  Dr.  W.  H.  Campbell";  in  "Memorial,"  p.  53.— Letters  from 
Abroad,  and  other  Articles,  in  the   "Ch.  Int.,"  etc. 

Van  Thuysen,  A.B.     1848. 

Van  Tubbergen,  G.,  reed,  into  CI.  of  Mich.,  Oct.  29,  1858,  as  a  candidate. 
Had  previoush  belonged  to  the  Classis,  but  had  seceded. 

Van  Varick.     See  Varick. 

Van  Vechten,  Jacob,  b.  at  Catskill,  1788;  U.C.  1809,  Assoc.  Ref.  Sem.  13. 
and  N.B.S.  14,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Schenectady.  15-49;  died  Sept.  15,  1871. 
D.D.     Fleeted  a  trustee  of  I    '     [837. 

The  life  of  a  minister,  occupied  in  the  faithful  discharge  of  his  duties  in 
one  pastoral  charge,  dues  not  ordinarily  present  many  incidents  of  a  strik- 
ing character.     The  work   thai    he   performs,   the  difficulties   that  he  sur- 


THE    MINISTRY.  857 

mounts,  and  the  success  he  realizes,  are  known  only  within  a  very  limited 
circle,  and  are  by  no  means  of  such  a  character  as  to  attract  attention 
from  the  world.  This  is  eminently  true  in  regard  to  this  worthy  man, 
whose  extreme  modesty  was  so  well  known,  whose  habits  of  life  were 
retired  and  studious,  and  who  by  no  means  courted  public  observation. 

He  was  the  third  son  of  Judge  Van  Vechten,  a  leading  lawyer  in  that 
section  of  country,  very  greatly  distinguished  for  his  legal  attainments, 
and  of  large  hospitality.  He  was  associated  during  his  literary  course 
with  Dr.  Alexander  McClelland,  Judge  Shaler,  of  Pennsylvania,  and  Gideon 
Hawley,  of  Albany,  and  others  who  became  distinguished  in  the  various 
professions.  He  chose  for  his  sphere  of  life  the  profession  of  law,  and 
entered  the  office  of  his  uncle,  Hon.  Abraham  Van  Vechten,  who  was  one 
of  the  most  prominent  members  of  the  Albany  bar.  This  young  student 
had  some  traits  of  character  which  would  have  been  of  marked  anvantage 
to  him  had  he  pursued  this  plan  of  life.  His  inquisitive  cast  of  mind  and 
his  habits  of  patient  investigation  would  no  doubt  have  commanded  suc- 
cess and  distinction.  But  the  Lord  had  other  work  for  him  to  do,  and  we 
find  him,  immediately  after  uniting  with  the  church,  directing  his  attention 
lo  the  gospel  ministry.  In  his  only  charge  he  continued  for  thirty-four 
years,  discharging  the  duties  of  his  office  with  remarkable  devotion,  fidelity, 
and  earnestness,  in  a  calling  which  he  greatly  loved. 

Dr.  Van  Vechten's  health  in  early  life  was  feeble,  and  it  was  appre- 
hended that  his  labors  might  be  arrested  in  the  midst  of  his  usefulness  by 
a  pulmonary  affection  which  had  taken  a  strong  hold  upon  his  system.  He 
was  also  a  great  sufferer  from  rheumatic  difficulties,  which  often  laid  him 
aside  from  his  work.  In  1825  he  visited  Europe,  principally  to  recruit  his 
wasted  strength,  and  was  absent  about  one  year  from  his  congregation. 
While  in  Paris  he  submitted  to  a  painful  surgical  operation  for  his  rheu- 
matic troubles,,  which  proved  unsuccessful,  and  instead  of  bringing  to  him 
the  desired  relief,  left  him  a  cripple  for  life.  It  was  a  very  sore  trial  for 
him  to  be  thus  smitten  down  in  the  very  strength  of  his  days,  and  instead 
of  walking  the  streets  as  formerly  with  an  elastic  step  and  in  an  erect  form, 
to  be  compelled  to  make  slow  and  painful  progress  by  the  aid  of  a  cane 
and  crutch.  But  with  a  cheerful  spirit  he  yielded  to  the  trial,  which  was 
all  the  more  severe  from  the  fact  that  it  was  the  blunder  of  a  surgeon.  As 
a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Union  College,  he  proved  himself 
a  most  useful  and  efficient  officer.  Dr.  Nott  found  in  him  a  safe  counselor, 
and  his  love  for  the  college  led  him  to  betsow  great  attention  upon  its 
affairs,  an  interest  which  never  flagged  during  his  long  and  useful  life. 

After  Dr.  Van  Vechten  retired  from  his  charge  in  Schenectady  in  1849, 
he  removed  to  Albany,  where  he  spent  the  following  nineteen  years. 
Although  he  did  not  seek  another  settlement  in  the  ministry,  yet  he  occupied 
his  time  in  various  useful  ways.  He  was  yet  in  the  full  vigor  of  his 
powers,  and  was  by  no  means  idle.  He  preached  on  nearly  every  Sabbath, 
aiding  his  brethren  in  the  city  and  surrounding  country,  assisting  them 
in  conducting  special  services,  and  often  having  under  his  care  feeble 
congregations  in  the  neighborhood.  He  kept  his  mind  active  by  reading 
and  study,  as  well  as  by  associating  with  those  who  were  engaged  in  active 


05o  THE    MINISTRY. 

work.  He  wrote  admirable  articles  for  the  secular  and  religions  press,  and 
kept  up  his  habit  of  preparing  new  sermons  from  week  to  week  during 
these  years  of  leisure  at  Albany.  He  also  prepared  an  elaborate  life  of 
his  theological  teacher,  Dr.  John  M.  Mason,  which  was  published ;  the  only 
biography  of  this  distinguished  man  that  has  been  issued  from  the  press. 
In  1868  he  removed  to  Auburn,  living  in  the  family  of  his  son-in-law,  Rev. 
Professor  Huntington,  where  he  spent  the  evening  of  a  beautiful  life 
among  his  children  and  his  children's  children,  happy  in  the  possession  of 
aft  his  faculties,  and  in  the  enjoyment  of  a  perfect  trust  in  the  Saviour. 

Dr.  Van  Vechten  was  a  man  of  great  usefulness  in  the  Church,  and 
stood  high  in  the  esteem  of  all  who  knew  him.  At  the  time  of  his  death 
he  was  the  oldest  minister  of  our  denomination,  and  widely  known  and 
honored.  For  more  than  fifty  years  he  had  been  before  the  public,  occu- 
pying very  prominent  positions,  and  he  was  regarded  by  all  classes  in  the 
community  as  a  man  of  high  attainments  and  of  great  purity  of  minis- 
terial character.  He  was  a  man  of  great  amiability,  very  gentle  in  his 
intercourse  with  the  people,  in  simplicity  and  frankness  most  remarkable, 
and  utterly  unselfish  in  his  whole  manner  of  life.  In  his  own  home  he  was 
kind  and  affectionate  and  a  lover  of  hospitality,  and  in  the  homes  of  his 
people  he  was  full  of  sympathy  and  encouragement.  He  was  a  model 
pastor,  and  among  the  afflicted  no  one  could  have  been  his  superior.  He 
was  a  man  of  deep  piety  and  of  very  great  devotion.  No  one  could  be  in 
his  company  unless  he  was  made  to  feel  that  his  religion  was  a  matter 
of  the  heart  and  life.  His  soul  was  filled  with  the  love  of  Christ,  and  he 
would  leave  the  impression  that  he  was  a  spiritually-minded  man  and  was 
devoted  to  his  Master's  work.  He  had  the  rare  art  of  introducing  religious 
conversation  in  a  most  attractive  manner,  and  the  amount  of  good  that  he 
accomplished  in  this  way  was  very  abundant.  He  would  often  seem  to  be 
speaking  from  his  own  rich  experience,  and  his  words  always  had  weight 
from  his  known  character  as  a  Christian.  This  gentleness  of  manner  and 
interest  in  the  spiritual  welfare  of  his  people  displayed  itself  also  in  refer- 
ence to  their  temporal  affairs,  and  he  was  regarded  as  a  useful  adviser, 
especially  of  young  men.  In  Schenectady,  where  he  spent  the  larger  por- 
tion of  his  active  life,  no  one  was  more  honored  than  he,  and  his  influence 
was  unbounded.  He  had  many  warm  friends,  and  his  hearty  way  of  greet- 
ing them,  with  his  cordial  grasp  of  the  hand  and  his  countenance  beaming 
with  affection  as  he  made  inquiries  about  the  different  members  of  the 
family,  will  never  be  forgotten.  Many  of  the  members  of  our  Church, 
while  pursuing  their  literary  course  at  Union  College,  were  accustomed  to 
attend  his  ministry.  These  young  men  he  sought  out,  counseled  and  en- 
couraged. And  upon  their  introduction  to  the  ministry  he  delighted  to 
bring  their  names  before  vacant  congregations  and  aid  them  in  obtaining 
settlements.  The  writer  of  this  sketch  remembers  the  interest  that  he 
manifested  in  introducing  him  to  his  first  pastoral  charge. 

Dr.  Van  Vechten's  mind  was  active  and  strong,  and  he  was  decided  in 
his  views.  He  was  a  student  of  great  literary  taste,  and  as  he  was  thrown 
by  his  position  largely  among  educated  men  he  had  great  advantages.  He 
wrote  out  his  sermons  in  full,  and  always  delivered  them  from  manuscript. 


THE    MINISTRY.  859 

He  was  fond  of  his  pen,  and  kept  on  writing  sermons  until  the  end.  In 
his  portfolio  were  found  several  discourses  entirely  completed  that  he  had 
never  preached,  and  numerous  trains  of  thought  that  he  had  designed  to 
elaborate  and  finish.  His  sermons  were  clear,  orderly  and  argumentative. 
He  never  aimed  at  dressing  up  a  discourse,  or  in  giving  a  rhetorical  finish 
to  any  of  his  preparations.  He  was  not  accustomed  to  use  illustration-; 
perhaps  his  style  might  have  been  improved  in  this  respect.  But  he  always 
gave  to  his  people  solid  instruction,  and  no  one  could  go  away  unbenefil 
He  preached  much  on  experimental  topics,  and  to  the  conscience.  Dm 
revivals  of  religion  he  was  sought  after,  and  rendered  important  aid.  His 
method  of  dealing  with  inquirers  was  most  happy.  In  his  delivery  he  was 
solemn,  pointed,  and  earnest.      II  1   a  popular  orator,  and  had  no 

grace  of  elocution,  but  he  had  strong  thought-,  the  pure  gospel,  a  direct 
purpose  before  his  mind,  and  his  preach  i  ilways  powerful  in  the 

presentation  of  Christ     His  the<  d  upon  the  teachings  of  his 

eminent   instructor  and    father-in-law,   Di  tor   whom   he  had  an 

unbounded  admiration.    And  yet  he  thought  for  himself,  and  was  always 
edifying 

Dnnng  his  whole  ministerial  life  he  activel)   participated  in  the  bei 
lent  movement-  of  the  day.  vhich  had  sprung  up  in  his  own  time. 

II.   hailed  these  organi  ith  pleasun  I  the 

future  growth  and  unity  of  the  Church.  This  was  one  ..1  his  favorite 
topics  of  thought,  and  he  iched  upon  th<  He  was  at- 

tached i"  his  own  denomin  co-operate  with  otl 

he  was  fond  of  looking  future,  when  there  should  b< 

Shepherd.     Tl  rmon  that  he  preached  was  on  the   |<3 

September,  as  he  died  on  the  i?th.  and  the  his 

from    Psalm    [02:    n 
death  was  ui  3  slightly  indisposed  froi  h  he 

had  contracted,   when  he  r< 
at  the  funeral  of  a  former  parishioner,  and  he  was  actually  plani 

But  on  the  following  di  ailed  him,  and  urred 

thai  the  pasl 

,lav       i|  1   faithfully,   and   hi-   memory   will    be 

cherished  in  grateful  r< 

It  may  be  added  thai  tl  •  Dr.  Van  Vechten  was  Catherine. 

daughter  of  Dr.  Mason,  and  a  m<  -t  estimable  minister's  wife.  Her  early 
h.  at  the  age  of  twenty  ry  sore  bereavement,  and  created 

a  deep  impression  upon  the  community.  The  account  of  her  death,  and 
her  peculiar  exercises  of  n  jiven  in  th  R.D.C..    ii.  65,  355. 

11:  second  marriage  was  b  Maria,  a  daughter  of  Abraham  Van  Wyck. 
Esq.,  of  Coxsackie,  who  was  in  every  way  calculated  to  aid  him  in  the  dis- 
charge of  his  ministerial   work.— Rev.   Dr.  R.  H.    Steele. 

p,  ,.,  ,,  vtions:  "Letter  on  Character  of  Dr.  Peter  Labagh."  In  "Todd's 
Mem.  of  Labagh."— Address  at  Installation  of  Rev.  Samuel  P.  Leeds  as 
pastor  of  the  church  at  Dartmouth  Coll..  N.H.  In  "Ch.  Int."  July  10  and 
25|  r86i.— Sermon  at  Installation  of  Dr.  E.  P.  Rogers,  Albany.  In  "Ch 
Int.,"  Dec.  4.   1856.— "An   Effective  Mini-try."    A   Ser.  before  Classis  of 


860  1HE    MINISTRY. 

Albany.  1868. — "Memoirs  of  John  M.  Mason,  D.D.,  S.T.P.,"  with  portions 
of  his  Correspondence.  8vo.  pp.  559.  1856.  See  "Princeton  Rev.,"  l855i 
309.    "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  ii.  65,  355. 

Van  Vechten,  Samuel,  b.  1796,  at  Catskill,  N.Y. ;  U.C.  1818,  N.B.S.  22,  1. 
CI.  N.B.;  Miss,  to  Princetown  and  Guilderland,  22-3,  to  Ovid,  Johns- 
town, Westerlo  and  Mapletown,  Mayfield,  Fonda's  Bush,  and  Union. 
23-4,  Bloomingburgh  and  Rome,  or  Mamakating,  24-9.  Blooming- 
burgh,  29-41,  Fort  Plain,  41-4,  w.  c. —    Died  Nov.  2,  1882.     D.D. 

Van  Vleck,  John,  b.  at  Shawangunk,  1828;  R.C.  52,  N.B.S.  55,  1.  CI. 
Orange;  Prin.  Holland  Academy,  Mich.,  55-9,  Prin.  Kingston  Acad- 
emy, 59-62,  Middleport  and   Wawarsin'g,  62-4,   d.    1865,   Mar.   15. 

Born  and  nurtured  in  the  valley  of  the  Wallkill,  under  devoted  pastoral 
and  parental  care,  trained  to  patient  endurance,  his  mind  at  the  same  time 
found  food,  and  developed  vigorously,  under  apparently  unpropitious  cir- 
cumstances. Upon  graduating  he  was  made  Principal  of  Holland  Acad- 
emy, and  this  institution,  the  germ  of  Hope  College,  is  his  monument. 
He  also  began  English  preaching  in  the  Holland  colony  in  Michigan,  which 
culminated  in  the  Second  Church  of  Holland.  He  possessed  warm  im- 
pulses and  an  affectionate  disposition,  and  loved  his  pupils  dearly,  for  their 
own  sakes  and  for  Christ's.  Many  were  led  to  study  for  the  ministry 
through  his  influence.  He  was  a  most  diligent  student,  an  excellent  He- 
brew scholar,  and  an  admirable  exegete,  and  projected  and  almost  com- 
pleted several  exegetical  works.  His  "Gethsemane"  was  about  completed, 
and  is  worthy  to  see  the  light.  He  had  also  advanced  far  on  the  "Song  of 
Solomon."  As  a  classical  scholar  and  teacher  he  had  few  superiors,  and  as 
a  writer  his  exegetical  ability  was  only  exceeded  by  his  spirituality.  See 
also  "Ch.  Int.,"  Apr.  6.    [865. 

Van  Vleck  (Vran  Vlecq),  Paulus,  b.  in  Holland;  schoolmaster  and  pre- 
centor at  Kinderhook,  1702;  ord.  irregularly  by  Rev.  Bernardus  Free- 
man, 1709;  chaplain  to  Dutch  troops  going  to  Canada,  in  Queen  Anne's 
war,  1709-10;  Bensalem,  Neshaminy  (Sammeny)  and  Germantown, 
Pa.,  May  20,  1710-13 ;  united  with  Presbytery  of  Philadelphia,  Sept. 
20,  1710. 

He  first  appears  as  a  schoolmaster  and  precentor  at  Kinderhook,  N.Y.. 
1702.  He  also  sometimes  preached,  for  which  he  was  complained  of  and 
made  to  desist.  "Doc.  Hist.  N.V.."  iii.  528.  In  1709  he  sought  to  be  ad- 
mitted to  the  ministry  as  a  chaplain  to  the  Dutch  troops  going  to  Canada. 
The  Governor,  Col.  Nicholson,  ordered  Domines  DuBois  and  Antonides 
to  ordain  him,  but  they  refused,  declaring  that  it  was  contrary  to  Church- 
Order.  He  was  finally  ordained,  it  is  said,  by  Freeman,  upon  which  the 
Classis  of  Amsterdam  expressed  its  disapprobation.  Yet  Freeman  seems 
to  deny  it.  In  1710  he  turns  up  in  Bucks  Co.,  Pa.,  where  he  begins  to 
organize  churches,  chiefly  among  a  few  Dutch  families  settled  there ;  at 
Bensalem,  Neshaminy  and  Germantown,  of  which  he  makes  himself  the 
pastor.  In  June,  1710,  he  organized  a  church  at  Wytmes  (Whitemarsh), 
which  afterward   became,  perhaps,   the   Presbyt   ch.   of  Abington ;   and  he 


THE    MINISTRY. 


861 


itinerated  among  the  Dutch  settlements  from  Pennsylvania  to  Staten 
Island,  performing  marriages  and  baptizing  children.  On  Nov.  15,  1710, 
he  organized  the  Church  of  Six  Mile  Run,  N.  J.  On  Sept.  11,  1711,  he  was 
married  by  Rev.  Andrews,  of  Philadelphia,  to  Jannetje,  daughter  of 
Elder  Van  Dyck,  of  Sammeny.  In  three  years  he  had  organized  three 
churches,  supplied  ten  stations,  married  15  couples,  received  83  members 
into  church-fellowship,  and  baptized  93  children.  The  last  entry  in  his 
diary  is  on  Apr.  24,  1713,  when  he  marries  a  couple  at  Raritan,  N.  J. 
Within  a  year  after  his  own  marriage  rumors  began  to  circulate  that  he 
had  a  wife  in  Holland.  After  some  delay  this  was  confirmed,  and  on 
Sept.  21,   1715,  it  was  reported  that  he  had  fled  the  country. 

See  "Webster's  Hist.  Presbyt.  Ch.,"  338.— Streng's  Article  in  "Doyles- 
town  Democrat,"  May  29,  1883.— "Mulford's  Hist.  Discourse  at  175th 
Anniv.  of  Ch.  of  Six  Mile  Run,"  1885.— Prof.  Hinke's  Art.  on  "Church 
Record  of  Neshaminy  and  Bensalem,"  in  "Journal  Presb.  Hist.  Soc," 
May,  1901.— "Hall's  Hist.  Presbyt.  of  Trenton,"  40. 

Van  Vlierden,  Peter,  b.  in  Neths.,  Apr.  13,  1737;  (St.  Croix,  W.I.),  1787- 
1792,  Oakhill,  N.Y.,  1792-4,  Caatsban,  1703-1804,  suspended.  Restored 
July  1804,  d.  1821. 

He  was  the  last  minister  who  came  over  from  Holland  (until  the  recent 
immigration  in  1847),  coming,  however,  by  way  of  the  West  Indies,  where 
he  was  settled  for  a  time.  He  was  a  learned  and  able  divine,  graduating 
from  the  University  with  the  highest  honors.  He  left  one  son,  who,  in 
selling  some  silverware  belonging  to  the  family,  sold  a  prize  medal,  which 
his  father  had  won  in  the  University  of  Leyden.  It  is  now  in  possession 
of  John  Cooke,  of  Catskill.  (We  leave  this  as  in  Manual  of  1879.  but  his 
name  is  not  in  catalogue  of  Leyden  University.) 

Publications:  "The  Destiny  of  the  Soul  After  Death":  A  Ser.  at  the 
Fun.  of  Rev.  John  Schunema.  1794. — "A  Fast-day  Sermon,"  at  Catskill, 
1812,  pubd.  Albany,   1813. 

Van  Vliet,  Thornton,  R.C.  1861,  N.B.S.  1864. 

Van  Voorhis,  Stephen.  C.N.J.  1765,  lie.  by  the  General  Meeting  of  Minis- 
ters and  Elders,  1772;  Poughkeepsie,  1773-6,  supplied  Dover,  1774- 
Rhinebeck  Flats,  1776-85,  Philipsburgh  (Tarrytown),  and  Cortland- 
town,  1785-8  (Kingston  and  Assynpinck,  N.J.,  Presbyt.),  1793-6,  d. 
Nov.  23. 

Van  Vranken,  Adam  H.,  b.  Apr.  26,  1824;  R.C.  48,  N.B.S.  51,  1.  cl.  Schnec- 
tady;  Glen,  51-65,  Centreville.  Mich.,  65-1880,  d.  Oct.  27.  See  "Ch. 
Int.,"  Nov.  11,  18,  1880. 

Van  Vranken,  Francts  Vischer,  b.  Princetown,  N.Y.,  Nov.  26, 1835 ;  U.C. 
58,  N.B.S.  61,  1.  Cl.  Montgomery;  Lysander,  61-6,  Glen,  66-74,  Newark. 
2d,  74-82,  Fultonville,  N.Y.,  82-92,  Philmont,  N.Y.,  1892 

Van  Vranken,  Howard  H.  (son  of  Adam  H.  Van  Vranken),  b.  at  Glen, 
N.Y.,  June  1,  1852:  Miami  Univ.  72,  H.S.  and  N.B.S.  75,  lie.  Cl.  Mich- 
igan ;  Linden,  75-7,  Irving  Park,  77-82. 


862  THE    MINISTRY. 

Van  Vranken,  Nicholas,  b.  at  Schenectady,  1762 ;  studied  under  Dirck 
Romeyn  and  Livingston,  1.  by  the  Synod  of  R.D.  Chs.  1790;  Fishkill. 
Hopewell,  and  New  Hackensack,  1791-1804,  d. 

He  was  a  man  of  fine  attainments,  literary  and  theological,  a  fervent  and 
eloquent  speaker,  and  a  most  devoted  servant  of  God.  After  completing 
his  preparatory  studies,  he  became  principal  of  a  flourishing  academy  in 
his  native  city,  continuing  in  that  position  for  six  years.  This  academy 
was  the  germ  of  Union  College.  The  records  of  his  churches,  so  far  as 
preserved,  show  numerous  additions,  evidencing  that  his  labors  were 
blessed.  He  was  possessed  of  strong  affections,  ardently  attached  to  his 
charges,  no  inducement  prevailing  with  him  to  sever  his  connection  with 
them.  He  declined  calls  from  Albany  and  Schenectady.  The  change  of 
language,  from  the  Dutch  to  the  English,  took  place  in  his  charges  during 
his  ministry.  His  knowledge  of  his  people  was  so  complete,  and  his  tact 
so  great,  that  when,  according  to  ancient  custom,  the  communicants  stood 
around  the  pulpit  to  receive  the  sacramental  elements  from  the  hands  of 
their  pastor,  he  adapted  his  remarks  to  the  circumstances  of  each.  His 
quick  eye  took  in  in  a  moment  individual  peculiarities,  and  he  also  spoke 
to  them  in  Dutch  or  English,  as  they  were  best  able  to  comprehend  the 
one  or  the  other.  Tradition  represents  him  as  a  most  faithful,  devoted, 
and  dearly  beloved  pastor.  One  of  his  elders  in  Poughkeepsie  once  said 
to  him.  "Domine,  I  hear  that  a  great  woe  has  been  pronounced  against 
you.  a  woe  upon  the  very  highest  authority— woe  unto  the  man  of  whom 
all  speak  well."  His  personal  appearance  was  very  prepossessing;  he 
was  gentlemanly  in  his  manners;  his  conversational  talent  was  finely 
developed,  enabling  him  to  make  the  best  possible  use  of  a  large  fund  of 
chaste  anecdotes,  and  rendering  him  a  most  agreeable  and  instructive 
associate  to  all  classes.  He  never  lowered  his  ministerial  character,  though 
he  nchly  enjoyed  a  jest.  Tradition  also  tells  a  story,  illustrative  of  his 
humor.  Having  visited  one  of  his  parishioners,  as  he  was  about  leaving, 
the  latter  said,  "Domine.  the  next  time  you  come  bring  a  bag  and  I  will 
fill  it  with  oats."  On  his  next  visit  he  did  take  a  bag,  but  it  was  of  un- 
usual dimensions,  two  large  sheets  having  been  sewed  together  for  the 
purpose.  His  friend  took  the  sack,  and  paying  the  Domine  in  his  own 
coin,  tilled  it  with  oats  in  the  sheaf.  His  final  sickness  was  very  violent 
and  rapid.  Mosl  of  his  people  had  not  heard  of  it  until,  on  Sabbath,  when 
waiting  for  his  entrance  as  usual  into  the  church,  the  messenger  brought 
tiding-  of  his  death.— "Kip-  Hist.  Dis.  at  Fishkill." 

Van  Vranken,  Samuel  A.  (s.  of  Nicholas  Van  Vranken).  b.  Feb.  20,  1792; 

N.B.S.   1817,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Middlctown  and  Freehold,   18-26,  Freehold, 

26-34,   Poughkeepsie.   34-7.   Broome   St..   N.Y.C..   37-41.   Prof.   Didac. 

Theol.  in  N.B.  Sem.  and  Prof.  Evid.  Ch.  Relig.  and  Logic  in  Rutgers 

Col..  41-01.  d.  Jan.  i.    Elected  a  trustee  of  Queen's  Coll.  .1819.    S.T.D. 

1   C.  1836. 

X.,  one  ever  nut  him.  and  conversed  with  him  for  even  a  few  moments, 

who  did  not  feel  at  once  that  he  was  a  highly  intelligent,  noble-minded. 

and  gifted  Christian  gentleman.    His  personal  presence  was  imposing,  his 


THE    MINISTRY.  863 

voice  rang  out  freely,  the  grasp  of  his  hand  was  animating,  his  eye  rested 
confidently  upon  you,  and  when  he  spoke,  you  saw  plainly  that  he  was  a 
man  of  a  frank  and  open  disposition,  of  large  information,  and  possessed  of 
such  powers  of  intellect  as  would  render  anything  that  he  might  have  to 
say  worthy  of  your  attention.  He  was  an  ingenuous  man.  He  knew  of 
no  concealment,  practiced  no  subterfuges,  and  might  be  understood  in  a 
few  moments.  Few  were  more  unsophisticated,  unsuspicious,  and  open- 
hearted  than  he  in  his  intercourse  with  his  brethren. 

As  a  consequence,  he  had  many  friends  who  fully  appreciated  his  many 
noble  qualities  and  loved  him  sincerely.  He  retained  them,  too,  when  he 
had  once  gained  them,  all  the  rest  of  his  days.  "He  never  lost  a  friend." 
His  frankness,  his  integrity,  his  great-heartedness,  guarded  him  from  the 
misfortune  of  not  being  understood,  as  surely  as  it  did  from  betraying  any 
one  who  had  ever  trusted  in  him.  The  study  of  none  of  the  professors  was 
more  resorted  to,  or  rung  more  frequently  with  that  spontaneous  burst  of 
laughter  which  an  anecdote,  as  he  told  it,  was  sure  to  call  forth.  There 
was  no  restraint  felt  even  by  young  men  in  his  presence,  but  his  cheerful, 
genial,  generous  temper  encouraged  freedom  and  inspired  their  confidence. 
His  numerous  friends  in  the  ministry  loved  to  meet  him  and  enjoy  his 
sunny  spirit,  as  it  diffused  itself  in  the  confidence  of  social  intercourse. 
His  house  was  the  home  of  his  friends,  whenever  they  chose  to  occupy  it; 
and  his  table  welcomed  them  as  often  as  it  was  spread. 

In  public  life  he  was  never  a  partisan,  never  found  among  a  clique,  never 
the  advocate  of  selfish,  narrow,  one-sided  views ;  but  what  was  good  he 
promoted,  earnestly  supported,  no  matter  whom  it  might  benefit,  or  who 
might  oppose  it.  Hence  his  opinions  always  had  weight,  and  his  policy 
seldom  failed  to  prove  itself  right.  He  had  no  difficulty  in  seeing  the 
truth,  because  he  looked  at  it  through  no  distracting  medium.  It  was 
always  simple  and  clear  to  him,  because  he  sought  nothing  but  to  find  it. 
He  looked  at  the  whole,  and  formed  his  judgment  from  an  elevated,  gen- 
erous, and  magnanimous  standpoint. 

His  piety  was  delicately  sensible,  deeply  emotional,  and  warmly  affection- 
ate. Ordinarily,  this  would  not  appear,  and  its  cheerful,  sunny  aspect 
seemed  to  be  the  first  and  most  observed ;  but  when  the  occasion  occurred, 
and  his  soul  was  moved,  his  great  heart  swelled  with  tumultuous  sentiment, 
and  poured  itself  out  in  a  torrent  of  feeling  or  a  flood  of  tears.  At  com- 
munion seasons,  in  the  prayer-meeting,  and  often  in  social  intercourse, 
when  he  related  some  striking  instance  in  which  the  power  of  grace  had 
been  sweetly  and  kindly  manifested,  his  huge  frame  would  quiver,  his 
utterance  become  choked,  and  his  cheeks  wet  with  tears. 

Another  prominent  trait  of  his  piety  was  its  genial,  cheerful,  hopeful 
temper.  He  never  looked  gloomy,  never  groaned  and  sighed,  never  seemed 
to  be  in  the  valley  of  Baca  :  but  he  certainly  knew  what  affliction  was. 
and  saw  death  often  in  his  own  family  circle.  And  though  he  had  his 
seasons  of  desertion,  and  found  occasions  of  penitence,  yet  before  the 
world  the  peace  of  God  ever  shone  from  his  soul.  He  could  "weep  with 
those  that  wept,"  but  he  loved  most  "to  rejoice  with  them  that  do  rejoice." 
He  never  v^ntruded  his  feelings  on  any  one,  yet  he  was  the  last  man  who 


O04  THE    MINISTRY. 

would  have  concealed  them  from  any  fear  of  man.  Hence  his  piety  seemed 
entirely  unaffected — the  spontaneous  expression  of  sentiment  and  feeling 
evidently  pervading  his  whole  heart.  He  was  a  Christian  in  the  highest 
and  best  sense. 

As  a  preacher  he  had  many  qualities  of  excellence.  His  sermons  were 
ingenious,  earnest,  and  impressive,  in  some  parts  imaginative,  glowing, 
grand.  His  deep,  sonorous  voice,  ringing  through  a  large  church,  his 
majestic  personal  presence,  and  the  tones  and  accents  in  which  he  uttered 
some  of  the  impassioned  parts,  left  a  trace  upon  memory  which  was  never 
effaced.  In  his  early  life,  he  preached  memoriter.  He  had  a  remarkable 
vigor  and  nobleness  of  thought,  ranging  over  the  whole  field  of  religious 
discussion,  and  comprehending  at  a  glance  its  prominent  and  appropriate 
points  in  relation  to  the  subject  in  hand.  His  mental  powers  were  of  the 
very  first  order,  and  his  mind  had  been  well  stored  and  cultivated.  Every 
sermon  was  profitable,  intellectually  and  morally,  exhibiting  vigor  of 
thought,  judicious  argument,  and  earnest  appeals  to  the  heart  and  con- 
science. 

His  first  and  principal  aim  was  to  instruct  and  edify.  Regardless  of  ap- 
plause, he  sought  more  to  unfold  the  meaning  of  the  Scriptures,  and  make 
known  the  saving  truths  of  the  gospel,  than  to  gain  the  favor  of  men.  by 
dazzling  them  with  fine  language  and  rhetorical  ornaments.  His  great 
heart  could  sometimes  almost  be  felt  beating  in  its  strong  pulsations  and 
illustrations  by  which  he  enforced  the  truth. 

He  never  made  any  special  pretentious  display  of  scholarship — not  be- 
cause he  did  not  possess  it,  but  because  he  was  above  it.  He  was  the  far- 
thest of  all  men  from  being  a  pedant,  or  from  seeking  to  display  the  learn- 
ing which  he  really  possessed.  But  it  was  unsafe  for  an  opponent  to  pre- 
sume on  his  not  having  it  ;  he  was  sure  of  discomfiture.  He  had  read 
extensively  and  thought  profoundly,  while  the  readiness  with  which  he 
commanded  the  treasures  of  his  mind  enabled  him  promptly  to  meet  every 
emergency.  Yet  he  was  rather  a  good  general  scholar  than  specially 
learned  on  any  particular  branch.— Sermon  at  his  Inaug.  as  Prof,  by  Dr. 
T.  E.  Vermilye. — Fun.  Ser.  by  Dr.  Campbell.  "Evang.  Quart.,"  ii.  177. — 
Mabon's  Sketch  of,  in  "Centennial  of  N.B.  Sem.,"  444  "Wilson's  Presb 
Almanac,"  1862,  299. — "Ch.  Int.,"  Jan.  24,  1861. 

Publications  :  "The  Religious  Spirit  of  the  Age" :  an  Address  at 
Anniver.  of  Miss.  Soc.  R.D.C.  1829.  "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  iv.  102. — "Socinianism 
Subversive  of  Christianity."  T6mo,  pp.  64.  1841. — "Whose  Children  are 
Entitled  to  Baptism,"  iomo,  pp.  135.  1841. — See  Objections  to  his  views. 
"Ch.  Int.,"  Dec.  18,  1841.  Sketch  of  Sermon  preached  at  Ordination  of 
Revs.  Mabon  and  Taylor,  1844.  In  "Ch.  Int.."  Oct..  1844. — Address  at 
Pun.  of  Dr.  Knox,  1858.  In  "Knox  Memorial." — Art.  in  "Sprague's  An- 
nals" on  "Rev.  Dr.  John  Schureman." — "System  of  Theology."  In  MS. 
in  Sage  Library. 

Van    Wagenen,  John   Hardenbergh,  b.   at  Rochester    (Ulster   Co.),    X.V., 
1802;    U.C.   23,    N.B.S.   26,    1.    CI.    Ulster;    Beaverdam,    Berne,    26-31. 


THE    MINISTRY. 


86= 


Niskayuna  and  Amity,  31-4,   Niskayuna,  34-5,   Linlithgo,  35-40,   Lin- 
lithgo  and  Mt.  Pleasant  (Greenport),  40-1,  Kingston,  41-4,  d. 

He  was  the  child  of  pious  parents,  who  desired  that  he  should  study  for 
the  ministry.  He  prepared  himself  for  college  under  Rev.  James  Murphy. 
In  each  of  his  several  pastorates  he  was  blessed  with  powerful  revivals  of 
religion,  during  the  last  three  years  of  his  life,  at  Kingston,  receiving  163 
into  the  church.  Few  men  have  been  more  useful.  He  probably  received 
more  members  into  the  church,  during  his  ministry,  than  any  other  man  of 
his  age  then  living.  He  was  noted  for  fidelity,  zeal,  and  untiring  industry. 
His  talents  were  of  a  high  order,  and  carefully  cultivated  by  an  excellent 
education,  extensive  reading,  and  deep,  close  thought.  His  mind  was 
clear,  capacious,  rapid,  and  decisive.  Few  men  saw  a  subject  in  all  its 
relations  and  bearings  more  readily  or  acted  more  promptly.  He  possessed 
handsome  pulpit  talents,  and  extraordinary  readiness  and  power  in  extem- 
poraneous preaching.— "Sprague's  Annals."    "Ch.  Int.,"  Nov.  2,  1844. 

Publication  :     A  Ser.  in  behalf  of  the  Widows'  Fund.     1839. 

Van  Wagener,  W.  M.,  b.  in  N.Y.C.,  Feb.  14-  1842;  C.C.  61,  N.B.S.  61-2, 

P.S.  62-3,    N.B.S.  63-4;   Episcopalian;   assistant   of   Dr.   Tyng.     Died 

July  25,  1866. 
Van  Westenberg,  John,  b.  Brouweisharen.   Neths.,  Dec.  25,   1866:   H.C. 

1888,  N.B.S.  91,  lie.  CI.  N.B.;  Pultneyville.  91-92,  Brighton,  N.  Y.  92- 

97,  Albany,  Holl.  ch.  1897 Dutch  and  English. 

Van  Woert,  Jacob  H.,  b.  West  Athens,  N.  Y.,  1823;  R.C.  46.  N.B.S.  49,  1. 

CI.  Greene;  North  Blenheim  and  Breakabin.  50-2,  Ghent.  2d,   (West), 

52-65,  Lawyerville,  and  Sharon,  65-71.     Died  1882. 
Van  Wyck,  Geo.  P.,  b.  at  Bloomingburgh,  N.  Y..  June  24,  1821 ;  R.C.  40, 

N.B.S.  43,  1.  CI.  Orange;  Deerpark,  44-52,   (Presbyt.  Berlin,  Md.  52-6, 

Gettysburg,    Pa.    56-60,    Chester,    Pa.    60-61,    chaplain.    Tenth    Legion, 

61-65,  chaplain  in  U.  S.  Army,   Georgia,   1865-.. .     Died  Aug.  5,  1899. 

See  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,"  1900.  12. 
Van  Wyck,  Polhemus,  b.  in  N.  Y.,  1823 ;  R.C.  43.  N.B.S.  48,  1.  CI.  Pough- 

keepsie;    Greenport,  48-51,    Gansevoort,   and    Northumberland,    53-6, 

West  Farms,  56-67,  Cortlandtown,  67-8,   supplying  churches,  68-1882, 

died  May  17. 

He  possessed  a  strong  and  stalwart  frame.  His  conspicuous  qualities 
were  his  genial  smile,  an  earnest  greeting  of  his  friends,  with  a  strong 
voice  and  a  still  stronger  grip  of  the  hand  ;  simplicity  and  guilelessness  of 
heart;  steadfast  in  friendship;  a  tender  and  sympathetic  spirit;  humility 
and  unquestioning  faith  and  earnest  piety;  great  love  for  the  Saviour  and 
great  delight  in  His  service.  No  one  who  knew  him  couid  ever  speak  other 
than  kindly  words  of  him. 

Van  Zandt,  Ab.  B.,  b.  in  Schenectady,  N.  Y.  1816 ;  U.C.  40,  P.S.  42,  1. 
Presbyt.  Troy;  ord.  by  Presbyt.  North  River,  42;  Matteawan,  N.  Y. 
1842,  Newburgh,  42-8,  (Petersburgh,  Va.,  48-55),  Central,  Ninth  St., 
N.Y.C.,  55-9.  Montgomery,  59-72,  Prof,  of  Didactic  and  Polemic  Theol- 


866  THE    MINISTRY. 

ogy  at  New  Brunswick,  72-81,  d.  July  21,     D.D.  by  Hampden  Sidney 
Coll.,  Va.,  1853;  LL.D.  by  C.N.J.,  1873. 

He  was  one  of  a  numerous  family  of  children,  and  because  of  straitened 
circumstances,  was  apprenticed  to  a  mechanical  trade.  In  the  meantime, 
an  older  brother,  Benjamin,  had  managed  by  industry,  frugality  and  con- 
secrated determination,  to  secure  for  himself  an  education  for  the  minis- 
try. Seeing  the  same  desire  in  his  brother,  who  gave  evidences  also  of 
special  talents,  he  encouraged  and  helped  him  to  follow  in  the  same 
course.  He  had  been  settled  but  a  few  months  at  Matteawan,  when  the 
more  important  church  of  Newburgh  secured  his  services.  Here,  his 
zeal  and  fidelity  and  scholarly  attainments  made  him  known  far  and  wide, 
and  led  to  his  settlement  at  Petersburgh,  Va.  While  there  he  formed  per- 
sonal and  social  attachments,  which  were  maintained  to  the  end  of  his 
life.  His  abilities  were  so  thoroughly  appreciated  that  he  was  invited  to 
deliver  the  second  lecture  before  the  University  of  Virginia,  in  1851-2,  in 
a  course,  which  included  such  men  as  Drs.  Plumer,  McGill,  Jas.  W.  Alex- 
ander, Hoge,  Robt.  J.  Breckenridge,  Stuart  Robinson  and  N.  L.  Rice. 
The  topic  assigned  him  was  "The  Necessity  of  a  Revelation,  and  the  Con- 
dition of  Man  without  it." 

He  was  next  invited  to  settle  in  the  Central  Church,  in  Ninth  Street,  in 
the  City  of  New  York.  This  church  had  existed  as  a  separate  congrega- 
tion from  the  Collegiate  Church,  1832-6.  Then,  for  nearly  twenty  years,  it 
had  been  one  of  the  congregations  of  that  body,  1836-55 ;  but  now  it  was 
deemed  best  that  it  should  again  become  a  separate  church ;  but  there  was 
much  anxiety  as  to  its  success  under  these  new  conditions.  Dr.  Van 
Zandt  was  called  to  take  charge  of  this  enterprise  just  at  this  juncture. 
After  three  years  of  faithful  labor,  it  was  found  impracticable  to  continue 
the  organization.  But  it  may  be  remarked  that  Dr.  Van  Zandt's  pastorate 
there  was  not  without  some  remarkable  results.  James  Suydam,  the  great 
benefactor  at  a  subsequent  period,  of  our  New  Brunswick  Seminary,  was 
one  of  Dr.  Van  Zandt's  most  active  members  and  ardent  admirers.  He 
had  already  (1870)  given  $40,000  toward  the  endowment  of  the  Chair  of 
Theology;  but  upon  Dr.  Van  Zandt's  election,  he  made  his  endowment 
$60,000,  and  his  interest  in  the  seminary  was  greatly  increased,  and  Suy- 
dam Hall,  and  other  large  money  gifts  for  the  care  of  the  grounds,  were 
the  results. 

Dr.  Van  Zandt  was  a  student.  He  had  the  power  of  concentration,  and 
the  endurance  which  enabled  him  to  work  intensely  at  his  desk,  day  after 
day,  and  often  far  into  the  night.  He  carefully  elaborated  his  sermons 
when  a  pastor,  and  his  lectures  when  a  professor.  He  gave  great  atten- 
tion to  analysis  and  style,  but  special  care  to  comprehensiveness  and  pre- 
cision in  statements,  and  in  definitions.  His  work  never  satisfied  him  un- 
til he  had  severely  tested  every  part  of  it,  and  felt  prepared  to  defend 
every  point.  He  loved  intensely  the  old-fashioned  orthodoxy  according 
to  the  standards  of  the  Church,  and  almost  scorned  anything  approaching 
broad-churchism.  In  his  pastoral  work  he  laid  great  stress  upon  the 
faithful    instruction   of  the   children    and    youth,    and    attended    personally 


THE   MINISTRY.  867 

and  regularly  to  the  catechetical  exercises  in  the  different  parts  of  his 
congregations. 

As  a  preacher,  he  had  a  fiery  impetuousness  of  delivery  which  not  only 
always  commanded  attention,  but  which  often  thrilled  his  audience.  Yet 
his  preaching  was  not  what  would  be  called  emotional.  It  was  clear, 
sound,  solid  reasoning,  which  instructed  the  understanding,  and  convinced 
the  heart.  The  same  characteristics  were  exhibited  in  debates  in  ecclesi- 
astical bodies,  and  in  the  professorial  chair.  He  was  a  clear  thinker,  had 
quick   passions   and   an   indomitable  will. 

In  the  class-room  he  was  clear,  logical  and  comprehensive  in  his  defini- 
tions and  arguments.  He  made  much  of  the  Covenant  of  Grace  as  a  cen- 
tral truth.  He  left  a  carefully-written-out  series  of  lectures  on  Didactic 
Theology,  which  is  deposited  in  the  Sage  Library;  also  a  Commentary  on 
the  Constitution  of  the  Reformed  Church.  See  "In  Memoriam,  A.  B. 
Van  Zandt,  Catskill,"  1881. — Also  "Centennial  of  Sem.  N.B.."  138,  141-2, 
456. — Dr.  Demarest's  Address,  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  Aug.  3,  1881. 

Publications:  Oration,  July  4,  1840:  Union  Village,  Washington  Co., 
N.Y.  Pp.  19. — Oration,  Odd  Fellows'  Celebration,  July  4,  1843 ;  New- 
burgh,  N.Y. — Review  of  "Report  of  American  Bible  Society"  for  1849; 
Art.  in  "Southern  Presb.  Rev."  for  July,  1850. — "God's  Voice  to  the  Na- 
tion" :  Sermon  occasioned  by  the  Death  of  President  Z.  Taylor ;  Peters- 
burgh,  Va.,  1850.  Pp.  20. — "The  Voice  of  Years" :  Sermon  occasioned  by 
the  Death  of  Henry  Clay;  Petersburgh,  Va.,  1852.  Pp.  20. — Report  to 
the  Synod  of  Virginia  on  Parochial  School  Education :  Phil.  Presbyt. 
Board  of  Education,  1855. — "The  Romish  Controversy" :  Sermon  before 
the  Synod  of  Virginia,  at  Alexandria,  Va..  1855.  Pp.  30. — "True  Great- 
ness" :  Sermon  occasioned  by  the  Death  of  Archibald  Alexander,  D.D. 
Petersburgh,  Va.,  1852.  Pp.  22. — "The  Necessity  of  Revelation,  and  the 
Condition  of  Man  without  It" :  Lectures  on  the  Evidences  of  Christianity, 
at  the  University  of  Virginia.  1853. — "The  Claims  of  Virginia  upon  her 
Educated  Sons" :  Address  before  the  Literary  Society  of  Hampden  Sid- 
ney College,  Va.,  1855. — "The  Ministerial  Office:  its  Nature  and  Limita- 
tions" :  Installation  Sermon,  New  York.  1856.  Pp.  32. — Anniversary  Ad- 
dress at  Rockland  County  Female  Institute,  1857. — "The  Law  and  Measure 
of  Missionary  Effort" :  Sermon  before  Young  Men's  City  Missionary 
Society,  New  York,  May,  1856. — "The  Willing  Mind" :  Sermon,  Central 
Ref.  Dutch  Church,  New  York,  June,  1859. — "The  Elect  Lady":  Memoir 
of  Mrs.  Susan  C.  Bott;  Presb.  Board  of  Publication,  121110. — "The  Right- 
ful Name  of  the  Ref.  Prot.  Dutch  Church" :  A  Review  of  the  Report  of 
Committee  proposing  a  Change.  1867.  Pp.  32. — "The  Power  of  the  Classis 
to  Dissolve  the  Pastoral  Relation":  An  Argument  before  the  Particular 
Synod  of  New  York.  1871. — Address  before  the  Gen.  Assembly  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  in  America:  Richmond,  Va.,  1872. — Inaugural  Ad- 
dress at  Installation  as  Prof,  of  Didactic  and  Polemic  Theology:  New- 
Brunswick,  Sept.  24,  1872. — Reminiscences  of  Dr.  Thos.  De  Witt :  "Memo- 
rial."—"The  Impeccability  of  Christ" :  Art.  in  the  "Southern  Presbyterian 
Rev."  for  Jan.,  1877. — Newspaper  articles  in  "Watchman  and  Observer," 
Richmond,    and   "Christian    Intelligencer."     Sermons    in    the    "National 


868  THE    MINISTRY. 

Preacher." — '"Questions  in  Theology."  1878.  "The  Doctrine  of  the  Cov- 
enant, considered  as  the  Central  Principle  of  Theology,"  Prcsbyt.  Rev.," 
Jan.,  1882. 

Van  Zandt,  Benj.,  b.  at  Gelderland,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  14.  1809;  U.C.  33.  Aub. 
Sem.  36,  lie.  Presb.  Cayuga,  36;  Union  Village,  36-42,  Kinderhook, 
42-52,  Nyack,  52-56,  Prin.  of  Rockland  Institute,  56-68,  (Presb.  58-62), 
Canajoharie,  and  Sprakers.  62-69,  Leeds,  69-78,  w.  c.  Died,  Oct.  14, 
1895.     D.D.  by  U.C.  1866. 

While  at  Union  Village,  on  a  small  salary,  he  assumed  the  direction 
and  expense  of  the  education  of  his  younger  brother,  Abram.  It  was  * 
great  joy  to  him  to  see  that  brother  subsequently  become  a  professor  in 
the  Theological  Seminary  at  New  Brunswick.  The  period  of  his  ministry 
at  Union  Village  was  a  time  of  political,  social  and  religious  unrest  and 
upheaval,  partly  on  account  of  the  developing  abolitionism  of  that  day. 
The  conflicts  through  which  he  passed,  however,  served  to  make  him  more 
resolute  for  the  right  as  he  understood  it,  and  his  church  safely  weathered 
the  storms  under  his  pilotage.  But  these  experiences  probably  rendered 
him  less  pliable  afterward,  when  pliability  would  have  been  both  prudent 
and  right.  While  at  Nyack  the  needs  of  his  own  daughters  prompted  him 
to  organize  an  institution  for  the  education  of  young  ladies.  He  obtained 
the  necessary  help  and  personally  oversaw  the  erection  of  a  stately  build- 
ing on  a  commanding  site  on  the  bank  of  the  Hudson,  at  a  cost  of  $30,000. 
He  was  immediately  elected  Principal  of  the  Institution,  which  position  he 
held  for  two  years.  He  spenl  the  last  seventeen  years  quietly  at  Catskill. 
supplying  churches  as  opportunity  permitted.  Tie  reached  the  age  of  86. 
Though  spare  in  person,  he  was  a  man  of  robust  health.  During  the  forty- 
two  years  of  pastoral  work  he  was  never  laid  aside  a  month  by  illness. 
And  yet  more  sturdy  was  he  mentally.  He  was  a  thorough  theologian, 
and  zealous  for  constitutional  order.  He  was  an  elegant  writer  and  an 
impressive  preacher.  He  was  dignified,  yet  genial  with  his  friends,  and 
most  faithful  in  his  friendships.  His  one  thought  was  the  Kingdom  of 
Christ  and  the  glory  of  the  Redeemer.     See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.."  1896,  490. 

Publication:     Ser.  at  Fun.  of  Rev.  Dr.  Jacob  Sickles.     184(1. 

Van  Zandt,  Peter.     N.B.S.  1817.  1.  CI.  N.B.  1817:  Schenectady,  2d,  and  1st 
Ch.  Fourth  Ward,  (Glenville).  1818-22,  Miss,  to  Oakhill.  1823,  d.  1855. 
He  was  obliged  to  give  up  preaching  on  account  of  a  throat  difficulty. 
He  then  became  a  physician.     Sketch  in  "Ch.  Int.."  Sept.  6,  1855. 

Van  Zanten,  Jacob  J.,  b.  South  Holland,  111.,  Mar.  27,  1858;  H.C.  80, 
W.S.  90,  lie.  CI.  Michigan:  ord.  July  8,  1800:  Instructor  in  N.W. 
Classical  Academy,  Orange  City,  la.:  Grand  Haven,  2d.  90-3,  Muske- 
gon, 1st.  93-9,  Cedar  Grove,  Wis.  1899 

On  Nov.   13.   1900.  academic  instruction  was  begun  in  the  chapel  of  the 

church  of  Cedar  Grove,  Wis.,  under  the  auspices  of  Mr.  Van  Zanten.  and 
tants,  with  twenty-six  pupils,  the  first  year,  and  thirty-six  the  second 

year.     It    was    incorporated    Oct.    9,    1901,    as    "The    Wisconsin    Memorial 

Academy,"  to  commemorate  God's  providence  in  leading  Dutch  colonists 


THE    MINISTRY.  869 

to  those  parts  in  1847.  Proper  grounds  were  now  secured,  and  a  suitable 
building  erected.  Rev.  J.  J.  Van  Zanten  is  president  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees ;  Rev.  John  Sietsma,  Secretary ;  and  Christian  Walvoord,  Treas- 
urer.    The  location  is  about  fifty  miles  north  of  Milwaukee. 

Van  Zee,  Charles  William,  b.  Bayonne,  N.  J.,  Jan.  9,  1867;  R.C.  1890, 
N.B.S.  93,  1.  S.  CI.  Bergen;  Freehold,  1st,  1893-1900,  Trinity,  Amster- 
dam, N.  Y.  1900-1901. 

Van  Zuuren,  Casparus,  b.  1648;  matriculated  at  Leyden  University,  Sept. 
7,  1668,  for  the  study  of  Philosophy;  his  residence  was  Govdanus,  and 
his  age,  20;  Flatbush,  New  Utrecht,  Brooklyn,  Flatlands,  1677-85; 
May  17,  returned  to  Holland;  Gonderach,  Holland,  1685-1704,  and  per- 
haps longer.  In  1695  his  old  congregations  on  Long  Island  recalled 
him,  but  he  did  not  accept.  He  also  preached  occasionally  at  Bush- 
wick,  Gravesend,  Bergen,  and  Staten  Island. 
The  first  allusion  to  him  in  the  "Mints,  of  CI.  of  Amsterdam"  is  as 

follows : 

ACTS    OF   THE    CLASSIS    OF    AMSTERDAM. 

Casparus  Van  Zuuren. 

1676,  July  20th.  Rev.  Casparus  Van  Zuuren,  Cand.  S.S.  Minister,  re- 
siding outside  of-  the  Tiendervrye  Gate  of  Gouda,  hands  in  a  satisfactory 
church  testimonial ;  also  one  of  his  preparatory  examination,  held  in  the 
Classis  of  Gouda.  He  asks  that  he  may  be  received  as  "Recommended" 
by  this  Classis  and  also  for  service  in  the  churches  in  foreign  lands,  par- 
ticularly for  the  East  India  churches.  His  requeot  was  very  gladly  granted, 
after  he  had  given  a  dignified  (deftig)  proof  of  his  gifts,  and  had  signed 
the  formulae  of  Concord,     vii.  137. 

The  next  allusion  is : 

Van  Zueren. 

1677,  March  15th.  Rev.  Casparus  van  Zueren,  S.S.  Min.  Cand.,  renews 
his  request  to  be  advanced  to  the  service  of  the  churches  in  foreign  lands, 
and  the  same  was  acceded  to  with  pleasure  by  this  Assembly,  vii.  152. 
xix.  175. 

Rev.  Deputati  ad  res  Maritimas  represent  to  this  Assembly,  that  Rev. 
William  van  Nieuwenhuysen,  minister  at  New  York  in  New  Netherland, 
had  written  them  that  Rev.  John  Theodore  Polhemius,  minister  in  the 
colonies  of  Breuckelen,  Midwout,  Amersfoort  and  New  Utrecht,  had  died 
there,  in  that  land ;  and  that  delegates  from  that  place  had  promised  for 
the  salary  of  a  minister,  a  yearly  sum  of  750  guilders,  Holland  money, 
($300),  besides  providing  a  free  dwelling  and  fire  wood.  They  would  also 
transmit,  by  draft,  some  money  for  defraying  the  expenses  which  might 
be  incurred  by  this  Assembly  in  making  out  a  (new)  call.  They  also  de- 
clare that  it  would  be  particularly  agreeable  to  them,  if  Domine  Selyns 
could  be  persuaded  to  accept  this  position ;  but  if  this  cannot  be,  that  some 
other  capable  person  be  sent  to  them  from  here.  This  proposition  was 
laid  before  Rev.  Selyns.     He  declared,  however,  that  he  wished  to  be  ex- 


870  THE    MINISTRY. 

cused  from  undertaking  this  service.  Thereupon,  the  Assembly  called,  by 
a  majority  of  votes,  the  Rev.  Casparus  van  Zueren.  When  this  was  com- 
municated to  him,  he  accepted  this  call  in  the  fear  of  the  Lord.  After 
preaching  a  sermon,  he  was  examined  in  the  principles  of  Theology  by 
Rev.  Domine,  Examiner  Jacob  Klerk.  In  both  of  these  exercises  he  gave 
peculiar  satisfaction.  He  was  accordingly  ordained  to  the  ministry  in  the 
presence  of  this  Assembly,  by  the  Rev.  Examiner.  He  also  signed  the 
usual  formulae,     vii.  152.     xix.  175. 

Van  Zuuren's  letters  are  very  long  and  prosy.  They  have  a  certain 
value,  as  they  go  elaborately  into  the  relative  values  of  the  various  kinds 
of  currency  then  in  use,  and  he  was  very  particular  as  to  the  relative  value 
of  the  currency  in  which  he  received  his  salary. 

Varick  (Variq  and  Van  Varick),  Rudolphus,  matriculated  at  University 
of  Utrecht,  1666;  in  East  Indies,  1673-8,  at  Hem,  Neths.  1679-86. 
Brooklyn.  Flatlands.  Flatbush,  New  Utrecht,  1686-94,  d.  Aug.  He 
also  preached  occasionally  at  Bushwyck,  Gravesend.  Bergen.  Staten 
Island  and  Hackensack. 

The  first  allusion  to  him  in  "Mints,  of  Classis  of  Amsterdam"  is  as  fol- 
lows : 

ACTS   OF  THE   CLASSIS   OF   AMSTERDAM. 

Rudolphus  Varick. 

1671,  April  6th.  Rev.  Rudolphus  a  Varick,  candidate  for  the  ministry 
at  Reenen,  requested  to  be  received  among  the  "recommended"  of  the 
Rev.  Classis,  and  especially  for  the  churches  in  foreign  lands.  He  handed 
in,  at  the  same  time,  his  certificate  of  his  preparatory  examination.  To 
this  some  brethren  also  added  the  good  testimony  of  Rev.  Cupius,  minister 
there,  regarding  him.  He  gave  proof  of  his  gifts,  and  was,  therefore,  ad- 
mitted, after  signing  the  formulae,    vi.  527.     xix.  151. 

The  next  allusion  is : 

Two  Preachers  to  East  India. 

1672,  Jan.  5th.  In  order  to  call  two  ministers  to  the  East  Indies,  there 
were  nominated  in  all,  Rev.  Gualterus  Pereyzinus,  Rev.  Rudolphus  Varick, 
Rev.  Petrus  Durant,  and  Rev.  Petrus  de  Lange.  From  these  there  were 
chosen  by  majorty  of  votes,  Rev.  Gualterus  Pereyzinus,  pastor  at  Om- 
meren,  in  the  Classis  of  Tiel.  and  Rev.  Petrus  Durant,  candidate  for  the 
S.S.  Ministry,  at  Sprange.  These  shall  be  presented  to  the  Directors  by 
the  Rev.  Deputies.  After  obtaining  their  approval  they  shall  appoint  the 
time  for  the  final  examination  of  Rev.  Durant.  He  was  provisionally 
given  the  text,  Acts  17:23.     vii.  27.     xix.   158. 

Domine  Varick,  however,  shortly  after  went  to  the  East  Indies,  but  the 
Act,  sending  him  thither,  does  not  appear  in  the  documents  obtained  in 
1897-8.     But  in  1678  he  had  returned,  as  appears  from  the  following: 


THE   MINISTRY.  871 

1678,  Aug.  I  et  seq.    Synod  of  North  Holland,  at  Enckhuysen. 
Art.  9.    Rev.  Rudolphus   Varick. 

Rev.  Rudolphus  Varick,  formerly  minister  in  the  East  Indies,  at  Ma- 
lacca, was  present,  and  requested  to  be  admitted  as  "Recommendatus"  of 
the  Synod.  For  this  purpose  he  exhibited  proper  certificates,  both  ecclesi- 
astical and  civil.    Thereupon,  his  request  was  granted. 

Art.  10.     Ministers  sent  out  by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam. 


To  Esopus,  in  New  Netherland :    Rev.  Laurence  Gaasbeeck. 

According  to  the  "Mints,  of  the  Synod,"  in  1679  he  had  settled  at  the 
Church  of  Hem;  and,  perhaps,  remembering  the  circumstance  that  Jonas 
Michaelius  was  once  in  this  church,  and  afterward  went  to  New  Nether- 
land, he  now  offers  to  go  thither,  as  appears  by  the  following: 

ACTS   OF  THE  CLASSIS   OF  AMSTERDAM. 

Call  of  Rev.   Varick   to  New  Netherland. 

1685,  Nov.  12th.  Rev.  Rudolphus  Varick,  minister,  having  offered  his 
services  to  the  Classis,  to  minister  to  the  church  in  New  Netherland,  the 
same  was  gladly  'accepted  by  the  Rev.  Classis.  He  was  subsequently  unani- 
mously called  as  minister  in  New  Netherland,  with  the  proviso  that  he 
shall  have  the  choice  of  such  churches  as  shall  be  vacant  at  the  time  of  his 
departure  for  New  Netherland.     vii.  402. 

Rev.  Varick. 

1686,  April  1st.  The  call  of  the  Rev.  Varick  to  New  Netherland  had 
already  been  carried  into  effect  to  such  an  extent  by  Rev.  Deputati  that  he 
was  dismissed  (dissolved)  not  only  from  the  Classis  of  Enckhuysen,  and 
the  church  of  Hem,*  but  was  already  on  the  way  thither,     vii.  404. 

ACTS   OF  THE   DEPUTIES. 

Varick. 

1686,  April  2d.  Rev.  Oostrum  made  known,  that  the  Committee,  con- 
sisting of  himself  and  Rev.  Brandolphus,  mentioned  in  the  previous  Acts, 
had  secured  the  dismission  of  Rev.  Varick  from  the  church  of  Hem,*  and 
from  the  Rev.  Classis  of  Enckhuysen,  with  satisfactory  testimonials  of 
esteem  for  his  person  and  work. 

The  answer  to  the  letter  of  Rev.  Selyns  was  also  despatched  by  Rev. 
Oostrom,  with  the  exception  of  the  School  regulations.  These  are  to  be 
taken  out  of  the  Repertorium  (the  Digest),  and  will  be  sent  to  him  at  the 
next  opportunity,    xxi.  298. 

*This  locality  ought  to  be  visited  by  some  American,  and  a  thorough  ex- 
amination made  of  its  church  history,  inasmuch  as  several  of  our  American 
ministers  were  settled,  at  one  time  or  another,  at  this  place.  (See  Mich- 
aelius.) 


872  THE    MINISTRY. 

He  sailed  from  Holland  in  March,  1686,  and  arrived  early  in  July.  (Let- 
ter of  Sept.  9,  1686.)  He  received  letters  of  denization,  July  29,  [686,  with 
liberty  to  trade  or  traffic.  He  was  received  with  very  great  kindness  by 
the  congregations  on  Long  Island.  A  salary  of  900  florins  was  given  him 
and  free  fuel. 

When  the  troubles  about  the  Leisler  administration  occurred,  he  was 
for  a  long  time  patient  under  them,  but  at  length,  for  his  high-handed 
proceedings,  felt  compelled  to  denounce  him.  (Selyns.)  In  this  oppo- 
sition, he  stood  together  with  all  the  Reformed  ministers  of  the  Province — 
Selyns,  Dellius,  Daille.  He  found  it  necessary  to  flee,  going  to  New 
Castle.  But  upon  his  return  he  was  charged  with  being  privy  to  a  design 
to  rescue  the  fort  from  Leisler,  and  he  was  dragged  by  a  force  of  armed 
men  from  his  house,  taken  to  the  fort  and  imprisoned,  and  kept  in  con- 
finement for  six  months.  This  was  in  the  fall  of  1690.  He  was  charged 
also  with  speaking  treasonable  words  against  Leisler,  and  was  sentenced 
to  pay  a  fine  of  £80,  by  Lanoy,  a  pretended  judge,  to  be  deposed  from  his 
ministerial  functions,  and  kept  in  prison  till  the  fine  was  paid.  Domine 
Selyns  offered  himself  and  property  as  bail  for  him  when  imprisoned, 
but  was  refused,  and  threatened  with  imprisonment  himself.  He  was 
finally  released  without  tine,  though  he  ultimately  died  of  his  ill-treatment, 
while  Leisler.  his  persecutor,  was  at  length  deposed  and  executed. — "Amst. 
Cor."  "Doc.  Hist,"  ii.  247.  "Col.  Hist.,"  iii.  749.  753;  iv.  219.  "Gen.  and 
Biog.  Record,"  ix.  95.  "Murphy's  Anthology."  "Brodhead's  N.  Y.," 
vol.  ii. 

Vas,    Petrus,   b.    about    1658.      Kingston.   Dec.    1710-1756.      He   also  often 
officiated  at  Rhinebeck.  having  organized  that  church. 

His  name  doe>  not  appear  in  the  printed  Catalogues  of  the  Univer- 
sities of  Leyden,  Utrecht  or  Groningeu. 

There  is  a  Petrus  (Vas?)  van  dent,  referred  to  a-  a  candidate  of 
Theology,  on  Oct.  6,  1681,  and  Mar.  [6,  1682.  He  requested  to  be  received 
as  an  "Expectant"  of  the  ("la  —  1-.  bu1  not  for  foreign  churches.  ("Mints. 
CI.  Amst.,"  vii.  313.)  But  it  is  uncertain  whether  this  is  the  same  one 
who,  nearly  thirty  years  later,  went  to  Kingston.  If  so,  he  was  still  a 
candidate  in  [699,  when  he  requested,  a-  a  candidate,  to  be  recommended 
to  the  service  of  the  foreign  churches,  a1  the  -ami-  time  that  Gualterus 
Du  Bois  made  a  similar  request.  At  this  same  meeting  (.May  4.  1699J, 
there  was  an  election,  among  three  candidates,  Gualterus  Du  Bois,  John 
Lydius.  minister  at  the  Olyfberg;  ami  Petrus  Vas,  for  the  church  of 
Xew  York,  when    Du   Bois  was  chosen,     (viii.  304;  xix.  _'.^5.  ) 

In  1699  he  is  mentioned  as  a  candidate  at  's  Gravelant,  Holland.  He 
succeeded  Beys  (Bois)  in  1710.  The  Classis  says  "he  has  a  good  witness 
among  us,  and  we  hope  he  will  be  received  in  love  and  good-will."  A 
larger  allowance  than  usual  was  asked  of  the  church  of  Kingston  for  his 
ge,  as  the  journey  was  te«li<>n~,  expensive,  and  dangerous  on  account 
of  the  war.  and  Vas  had  a  large  family.— "Amst.  Cor."  "Doc.  Hist.," 
iii.  585. 
VaUGHAN,   JONAH,   b.    Xew    Vineyard.    Me..    Ap.   30.    1851  ;    R.C.    jS.   N.B.S. 


THE    MINISTRY. 


873 


81,  1.   CI.  N.B.;   Franklin  Furnace,  81-4,  Owasco,  84-9,   Linlithgo   (at 

Livingston),  89-1900.     w.  c. 
Vaughan,    William    (brother    of   Jonah    Vaughan),    b.    in    Maine;    R.C. 

1880,   N.B.S.  S3,  1.   CI.   N.B.:    South    Bergen,   83-6,   Knox  Memorial, 

N.Y.C.  1886 

Vedder,  Edwin.     R.C.    184 1,  N.B.S.  44,   1.   CI.    Schenectady;   Little   Falls.. 

45-9,  S.S.  Glenville,  2d,  49-51,  Berne,  1st,  and  Beaverdam,  51,  Beaver 

dam,    51-5,   Middleburgh,   and    Schoharie   Mt.,   55-63,    Gallupville   and 

Knox,   63-8,     Gallupville,    68-71,     Schoharie,    71-3,     Jerusalem,    73-85; 

emeritus. 
Vedder,  Henry,  1.  1803. 

Vedder,  Hermanns,  b.  at  Rotterdam,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  17,  1777;  U.C.  1799. 
studied  under  D.  Romeyn  and  S.  Froeligh,  lie.  CI.  Albany,  Sept.  29, 
1801  ;  Greenbush  and  Taghkanic,  1803-50,  also  supplied  Linlithgo, 
1806-14,  Greenbush   (Gallatin),  50-64;  died,  1873,  June  29. 

His  great-grandfather  (paternal  side)  came  from  Holland,  and  settled 
on  the  Mohawk,  in  company  with  the  Yates,  Van  Vrankens,  Sanders, 
Schermerhorns,  and  others,  known  both  in  Church  and  State.  He  re- 
signed his  pastorate  only  when  he  had  reached  the  age  of  eighty-nine,  and 
died  at  ninety-six.  For  many  years  he  had  been  the  senior  minister  in 
the  Reformed  Church.  A  fellow-student,  Henry  Ostrander,  reached  the 
age  of  ninety-one.  It  is  difficult  to  appreciate  the  scope  of  so  long  a  life 
unless  we  compare  it  with  historical  events  in  Church  and  State.  He 
could  remember  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary  War,  being  then  six  years 
old,  and  he  was  fifteen  when  the  first  American  Constitution  of  the  Re- 
formed Dutch  Church  was  written.  He  was  in  the  ministry  for  seventy- 
two  years. 

His  character  was  marked  in  an  unusual  degree  by  a  constant  and  im- 
pressive goodness.  Calm  in  temperament,  kind  in  heart,  exemplary  in 
piety,  courtly  in  manner,  faithful  in  every  good  word  and  work,  he  preached 
the  Gospel,  not  only  with  his  lips,  but  also  beautifully  with  his  life.  This 
secured  to  him  so  long  the  affection  of  successive  generations  of  par- 
ishioners, until  those  whom  he  had  baptized  in  their  infancy  had  become 
the  gray-headed  worshippers  who  bowed  before  him  as  their  pastor  still. 

His  mental  faculties  were  undimmed  even  to  the  last.  The  physical 
machinery  wore  bravely  until  a  few  months  before  his  death.  Then,  with- 
out disease,  it  moved  more  and  more  slowly,  appetite  failed,  weakness 
daily  increased,  until,  at  last,  that  heart  which  had  pulsated  through 
nearly  a  century  vibrated  more  faintly  and  stopped.  Yet  as  long  as  the 
lips  were  able  to  speak  the  mind  was  clear.  His  memory  was  remarkably 
accurate.  He  knew  more  of  the  characteristics  and  movements  of  some 
of  the  younger  ministry  than  many  of  their  co-laborers  did.  Up  to  a 
short  period  before  his  death,  he  read  the  news  of  the  day  with  undimin- 
ished interest,  and  remembered  it  with  astonishing  precision. 

But  the  beauty  and  joy  of  his  declining  days,  as  of  his  entire  life,  was 
his  simple  and  unwavering  faith  in  Jesus  Christ.  Only  three  weeks  before 
Tiis   death  he   said   to   a  ministerial   friend   sitting  by   his   side,   with   deep 


874  THE    MINISTRY. 

emotion:  "But  I  know  in  whom  I  have  believed,  and  am  persuaded  that 
He  is  able  to  keep  that  which  I  have  committed  unto  Him  for  I  am  per- 
suaded that  neither  death,  nor  life,  nor  angels,  nor  principalities,  nor 
powers,  nor  things  present,  nor  things  to  come,  nor  height,  nor  depth,  nor 
any  other  creature  shall  be  able  to  separate  me  from  the  love  of  God  which 
is  in  Christ  Jesus,  my  Lord." 

He  married  Harriet  Van  Vranken,  a  cousin  of  Prof.  S.  H.  Van  Vranken, 
D.D.,  and  had  eight  children.  He  was,  indeed,  the  bishop  of  a  large  dio- 
cese. In  the  beginning  of  his  ministry  it  embraced  at  least  two  hundred 
square  miles.  There  are  now  on  the  same  territory  ten  Evangelical 
churches. 

Veenhuizen,  A.  B.,  b.  in  Netherlands,  1814,  studied  theology  under  Merle 
D'Aubigne   and   his   associates   in   Geneva,    Switzerland ;    engaged    in 
preparing   young   men   for   the   ministry    in    Netherlands    with    Revs. 
Brummelkamp  and  Van  Raalte;  came  to  America,   1846;   labored  at 
Schraalenberg,   NJ.  46;  Albany,  46-50,   Rochester,   50-3,    (East   Wil- 
liamson,   Presbyt.)    and  Pultneyville,   53-62.    S.S.   at   Pultneyville,   65- 
85.     Emeritus.     Died  Mar.  23,  1895. 
At  first  expecting  to  become  a  physician,  he  prepared  for  that  profession, 
but  afterward  felt  himself  called  to  enter  the  Gospel  ministry.     He  had 
done  some  evangelistic  work  in  the  days  of  the  secession  of  the   State 
church   in  the   Netherlands.     For  about  three  years  he  preached  in   the 
French  language,  in  a  field  which  was  opened  to  him,  and  then  received 
a  call  from  the  Hollanders  at  Rochester,  N.  Y.     At  the  close  of  twenty- 
eight  years  of  faithful  service  he  was  declared  by  the  Classis  of  Rochester 
pastor  emeritus  of  the  church  at  Pultneyville,  where  for  ten  years  he  lived 
and  his  life  closed.     His  knowledge  of  medicine  gave  him  the  opportunity 
to  minister  to  the  bodies  of  his  people  as  well  as  their  souls.     The  sub- 
ject of  his  conversation  and  preaching  was  Christ  and  Him  crucified.    An 
elder  asked  him  if  he  was  firm  in  the  faith.     He  replied,  "I  know  that  my 
Redeemer  liveth,"   and  then  began  to   speak  about  heaven  as  his  home. 
He  longed  to  depart  and  be  with  Christ,  and  in  that  frame  of  mind  obeyed 
the  summons. — "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1895,  218. 

Veenker,  Gerrit,  b.  Aug.  7,  1856,  at  Pilsum,  East  Friesland,  Ger. :  c.  to 
America,  68;  (studied,  Mission  House.  Franklin,  Wis.  (R.C.,  U.S.) 
80.  Theolog.  Ed.,  same,  82,  1.  CI.  Sheboygan  (R.C.,  U.S.)  82:  Miss. 
Marathon  and  Clark  Cos.,  Wis.  82-4)  ;   Parkersburg,  84-92.  CI.  Miss. 

for  work  among  the  Germans,  92-9,  Forreston,  111.  1899 

ciioten,  Wm,  b.  at  Ede,  Ncths.  1844;  H.C.  71.  N.B.S.  74,  1-  CI.  111.; 
Schodack,  74-86,   Greenport    (Columbia   Co.)    N.Y.  86-90,    (Hornells- 

ville,  N.Y.  Presbyt.)  90-4,  E.  Stroudsburg,  Pa.  1894 

Piblications:  "Should  the  Refd.  Church  Continue  a  Separate  Organi- 
zation?"— "A  Plan  for  Organic  Union."  1887.— Articles  on  "Church 
Union,"  in  the  "N.  Y.  Independent."— Sermon :  "Knowledge-Power  in 
Religion" :  in  "Homilet.  Rev."— Sermon :  "Life  and  Death  of  a  Child." 
Vehslage.  Henry,  b.  in  N.Y.C.  Feb.  12.  1837,  Coll.  City  of  N.Y.  58.  N.B.S. 
61,  1.  by  S.  CI.  N.Y. ;  Irvington,  61-1894,  d.  Mar.  4. 


. 

1 

1 

1, 

s^t^l 

OUIDO   F.   VERBECK. 


THE   MINISTRY.  875 

He  enjoyed  a  very  high  character  for  scholarship  and  pulpit  ability,  for 
pastoral  faithfulness  and  for  practical  tact  in  his  intercourse  with  men, 
and  in  his  work.  He  was  remarkable  for  modesty.  He  never  took  the 
first  step  to  put  himself  forward.  He  was  a  peculiarly  well-balanced 
man.  Endowed  with  talents  of  a  high  order,  with  consecrated  heart  and 
warm  affections,  all  dominated  by  that  rarest  of  all  gifts,  common  sense, 
he  was  ever  master  of  the  situation,  whatever  it  might  be. — "Mints.  Gen. 
Syn.,"  1894,  220. 

Veldman,  Henry  J.,  b.  Eibergen,  Gelderland,  Neths.,  June  14,  1865 ;  H.C. 

92,  W.S.  95,  1.  CI.  Grand  River;  Cedar  Grove,  Wis.  95-98.  Pella,  2d, 

la.,  1898-1901,  Milwaukee,  1st,  1901 

Vennema,  Ame,  b.  Holland,  Mich.,  May  25,  1857 ;  H.C.  79,  N.B.S.  82,  lie. 

CI.  Holland;  New  Paltz,  82-6,  Kalamazoo,  86-9,  Rochester,  2d,  89-92, 

Port  Jervis,  92-5,  Passaic,  1st,  1895 

Publication  :    "Hist,  of  Ch.  of  New  Paltz/'  1883. 

Vennema,  Sanders  A.  Danforth,  111.  1889-92,  Falmouth  and  Vogel  Cen- 
tre, 92-8,  w.  c. 

Verbeck,  Guido  Fridolin,  b.  at  Zeist,  Province  of  Utrecht,  Netherlands, 
Jan.  23,  1830;  Auburn  Sem.  59,  1.  Presbyt.  Cayuga,  59;  voyage  to 
Japan,  May-Nov.  59 ;  Nagasaki,  59-Mar.  69,  Miss,  at  Tokio ;  also  in 
the  service  of  the  Imperial  government  in  educational,  translation,  and 
advisory  work,  69-78,  voyage  to  America,  78,  Bible  translation  and 
evangelistic  tours,  with  occasional  visits  to  America,  (and  one  to 
Europe  in  89),  79-98;  died  in  Tokio,  Mar.  10,  1898.     D.D.  by  R.C. 

"Verbeck  of  Japan,  the  greatest  under  God  of  the  makers  of  the  new 
Christian  nation  that  is  coming  and  even  now  is,"  was  descended,  on  his 
father's  side,  of  ancient  Dutch  stock,  and  on  his  mother's  side  from  a 
Dutch  family  which  had  originated  in  Italy,  whence,  having  become  ad- 
herents to  Biblical  Christianity,  they  had  fled  at  the  breaking  out  of  the 
Reformation.  When  the  Moravian  settlement  at  Zeist  was  formed,  in 
1776,  Jan  Verbeek,  an  ancestor,  was  living  there,  and  the  father  of  Ver- 
beck of  Japan,  though  born  at  Choldorf,  in  Germany,  grew  up  in  Zeist, 
marrying  Ann  Kellerman,  becoming  burgomaster  of  the  village  of  Rysen- 
burg,  not  far  distant,  but  living  at  "the  Koppel,"  in  Zeist,  where  Guido, 
their  sixth  child,  was  born.  From  his  father,  the  future  missionary  in- 
herited his  simplicity  and  modesty,  and  from  his  mother  his  love  of 
music.  From  the  Moravians  he  received  his  missionary  inspiration.  Gutz- 
laff,  of  China,  who  visited  Zeist,  was  especially  quickening  to  young 
Guido.  It  is  remarkable  that  this  apostle  to  the  Chinese  was,  under  God, 
the  means  of  directing  to  the  East  two  such  able  men  as  Guido  Verbeck 
and  Sir  Harry  Parkes.  Educated  at  the  Moravian  School,  in  four  lan- 
guages, Dutch,  French,  English  and  German,  and  confirmed  in  the  Mo- 
ravian Church,  he  spent  twenty-two  years  in  Zeist,  and  then  at  the  Poly- 
technic Institute  of  Utrecht  came  under  the  care  of  Professor  Grotte.  As 
he  was  born  in  the  year  that  railways  were  introduced  in  the  Netherlands, 
his  parents  decided  that  he  should  be  an  engineer.    After  some  experience 


876 


THE    MINISTRY. 


in  the  foundry  at  Zeist,  il  was  through  the  suggestion  and  invitation  oi  his 
brother-in-law,  Rev.  George  van  Deurs,  backed  by  the  Rev.  Otto  Tank 
(who  married  a  wealthy  Dutch  lady  in  Zeist)  that  Guido  came  to  America, 
going  to  Green  Bay,  Wis.,  beginning  early  his  process  of  becoming  an 
"Americanized  Dutchman."  He  wrote,  in  1852,  "I  am  determined  to  be- 
come a  good  Yankee."  Tired  of  repeatedly  pronouncing  his  name  in 
proper  Dutch  style,  he  changed  its  spelling  to  Verbeck,  though  on  his 
monument  in  Tokio  the  original  orthography,  Verbeek,  is  preserved.  He 
accepted  an  offer  to  go  as  an  engineer  to  Helena,  Ark.,  and  was  there 
engaged  in  drafting  and  engineering  calculations  when  he  was  struck 
down  by  the  fever.  During  his  sickness  he  covenanted  with  God  that  if 
restored  to  health  he  should  consecrate  his  life  to  service  in  the  missionary 
field.  Returning  to  Green  Bay,  he  spent  the  winter  of  1854-1855  very 
happily.  At  this  time,  unknown  to  the  young  Dutchman,  the  Japanese 
military  commander  at  Nagasaki,  found  Moating  in  the  water  a  New 
Testament.  Becoming  acquainted  with  its  contents,  through  the  Dutch 
and  a  Chinese  translation,  he  began  the  study  of  the  book,  praying  that 
some  teacher  might  further  enlighten  him.  Providence  was  already  pre- 
paring the  teacher. 

In  the  autumn  of  1855,  invited  by  .Mr.  van  Deurs  and  encouraged  by 
William  E.  Dodge,  of  honored  name,  he  came  to  Auburn.  He  excelled 
both  as  a  student  and  as  a  singer  in  the  seminary  quartette.  He  also 
preached  in  German  to  a  German  congregation  in  Auburn.  Meanwhile, 
Perry's  expedition  had  been  fully  discussed  in  America  and  the  Re- 
formed Dutch  Church  had  promptly  laid  the  foundations,  in  prayer  and 
money,  for  a  mission  in  Japan.  The  Rev.  Ssmuel  R.  Brown,  then  settled 
at  Owasco  Outlet,  a  beautiful  spot  near  Auburn,  had  offered  his  services 
to  the  Board  as  pioneer,  and  being  accepted,  was  looking  for  an  "Ameri- 
canized Dutchman"  to  go  with  him,  Dutch  being  then  the  key  to  the  cul- 
tured men  of  Japan,  who  made  this  one  European  language  their  basis 
of  communication  with  the  Western  world  and  their  medium  of  science. 
Meeting  the  Board  in  New  York.  Jan.  28,  1859,  Verbeck  was  appointed 
missionary  Feb.  16,  licensed  and  ordained  as  an  evangelist  by  the  Presby- 
tery of  Cayuga  on  the  22d  of  March,  and  received  as  a  member  of  the 
Reformed  Dutch  Classis  of  Cayuga  the  next  day.  Then,  having  no  status 
as  a  Dutch  subject,  he  went  to  Albany,  remaining  three  day-,  to  secure 
American  citizenship  from  the  Legislature,  which,  he  found,  could  not  be 
done.  So  as  "a  citizen  of  no  country  "  he  lived  and  died.  On  the  18th  of 
April  he  was  married  to  Mi--  Maria  Mam'on.  who  thus  became  his  de- 
voted wife  and  helper  for  nearly  forty  years  and  the  honored  and  beloved 
mother  of  the  eight  children  horn  to  bless  the  union.  The  ship  Surprise 
with  a  missionary  party,  Brown,  Verbeck  and  Simmons,  sailed  from  New 
York.  May  7,  1859.  reaching  Shanghai  on  the  17th  of  October.  The  "right 
wing"  of  the  mission,  Brown  and  Simmons,  reached  Kanagawa  Nov.  1, 
and  on  Nov.  7.  after  a  voyage  of  187  days.  Verbeck  stepped  ashore  at 
Nagasaki. 

Then  began  a  most  wonderful  work  of  nearly  thirty  years,  which  we 
may  divide  into  three  portions,  each  one  covering,  roughly,  a  decade,  the 


THE    MINISTRY.  877 

first  being  that  of  the  teacher  and  missionary,  the  second  of  the  educator, 
organizer  and  statesman,  the  third  of  the  Bible  translator  and  evangelist. 
Coming  among  high-spirited  and  suspicious  people  who  had  been  hermits 
on  their  own  island  for  nearly  three  centuries,  and  whose  idea  of  Chris- 
tianity was  that  it  cloaked  sorcery  and  political  conspiracy,  Verbeck  began 
slowly  but  surely  to  make  friends  and  to  win  pupils.  Notwithstanding 
that  the  government  prohibitions  of  the  Christian  religion,  with  menace 
and  reward  to  the  informer,  hung  all  over  the  land,  yet  Air.  Verbeck  at- 
tracted young  men  of  taste  and  education  to  his  house.  His  wonderful 
linguistic  accomplishments,  he  having  already  a  speaking  knowledge  of  four 
living  and  a  scholar's  acquaintance  with  three  dead  languages,  helped  him 
at  once  and  made  him  unusually  valuable  throughout  his  career.  So 
thoroughly  did  he  give  himself  to  the  mastery  of  the  Japanese  that  he  was 
soon  able  to  converse  fluently,  and,  from  the  first,  so  accurately,  that  his 
conversation  was  the  delight  of  natives  of  dignity  and  culture,  while  in 
later  years  many  Japanese  declared  that  he  was  the  only  foreign  public 
speaker  of  the  vernacular  whose  nativity  could  not  be  detected  when  he 
was  unseen.  After  teaching  a  few  young  men  in  his  own  home,  the  Gov- 
ernor of  Nagasaki  established  a  school  for  the  training  of  interpreters 
and  engaged  Verbeck  to  teach  in  it  ten  hours  a  week,  at  a  salary  of  twelve 
hundred  dollars  a  year.  Happily  for  the  good  of  Japan  and  the  further- 
ance of  true  Christianity,  the  Board  gave  its  hearty  assent,  and  from  that 
time  until  1878  Mr.  Verbeck  was  a  self-supporting  missionary.  Into  this 
school  came  the  sons  and  relatives  of  the  rulers  and  leading  men  of  the 
southwestern  provinces,  including  two  nephews  of  the  famous  Yokoi 
Heishiro,  two  sons  of  the  Prime  Minister  Iwakura.  two  young  men  who 
afterward  became  members  of  the  emperor's  cabinet,  and  scores  of  others 
who  later  occupied  high  office  and  were  powerful  agents  in  the  making  of 
the  new  Japan,  and  numbering  altogether  hundreds. 

Meanwhile,  through  young  men  who  passed  to  and  fro  between  Nagasaki 
and  Saga,  where  Murata  and  his  fellow-students  lived,  Mr.  Verbeck  kept 
up  his  unseen  Bible  class  for  three  years.  In  May,  1866,  the  pupil  came 
to  visit  his  teacher,  and  on  May  20th,  according  to  the  form  of  baptism  used 
in  the  Reformed  Church,  Mr.  Verbeck  baptized  Murata  ("Wakasa"),  the 
officer  who  had  found  the  floating  Bible  in  the  water  twelve  years  before, 
with  two  of  his  young  men,  Iyabe  and  Motono.  The  children  and  grand- 
children of  these  first  converts  are  still  active  in  the  Christian  churches 
in  Japan. 

When  the  revolution  of  1868  broke  out,  several  of  Mr.  Verbeck's  pupils, 
who  under  him  had  studied,  especially,  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States  and  the  New  Testament,  became  active  in  the  new  government. 
Mr.  Verbeck,  not  having  been  for  five  years  outside  of  a  circle  of  a  radius 
of  four  miles,  improved  the  opportunity  and  made  a  trip  to  Osaka,  so  as  to 
be  near  Kioto,  the  capital.  His  visit  was  effective  in  getting  Japanese 
young  men  sent,  under  imperial  auspices  and  support,  as  students  to 
America.  Already,  as  early  as  June  10th,  1866.  he  had  started  the  two 
nephews  of  Yokoi-Ise,  and  Numagawa,  the  first  of  a  host  to  go  abroad, 
and  the  beginning  of  a  procession  of  five  hundred  or  more,  who,  with  Mr. 


878  THE   MINISTRY. 

Verbeck's  introduction,  were  helped  in  various  ways  when  in  America 
by  friends  in  the  Reformed  churches  and  the  Board.  Of  this  prolonged 
and  varied  kindness,  the  Emperor's  commissioners,  when  in  America  in 
1885,  made  grateful  acknowledgment.  When,  according  to  the  Mikado's 
oath  in  1868,  "learning  and  talent"  were  "sought  throughout  the  world  to 
re-establish  the  foundations  of  the  empire,"  Mr.  Verbeck  was  called  to 
Tokio  to  plan  out  a  system  of  national  education  and  to  organize  the  Im- 
perial University.  His  first  letters  from  that  city  are  dated  June  21,  1870. 
In  July  he  received  orders  from  the  Department  of  Education  to  bring  out 
from  America  young  men  as  teachers  for  the  Japanese,  under  which 
arrangement  Messrs.  Griffis,  Clark,  Wyckoff  and  others  came  out  to  Japan. 
See  the  pamphlet,  "The  Rutgers  Graduates  in  Japan,"  1886. 

From  this  time  forth  Dr.  Verbeck  continued  his  multifarious  and  inces- 
sant labors  in  the  national  capital. 

Besides  reorganizing  the  Imperial  University,  appointing  teachers  and 
attending  to  manifold  details,  he  taught  the  Scriptures  in  his  own  house, 
helped  hundreds  of  inquirers  and  private  students,  served  informally  as 
general  adviser  of  many  of  the  officers  in  the  new  government  (then 
without  the  staff  of  experts  provided  later),  and  made  the  original  propo- 
sition and  mapped  out  the  route  of  the  great  embassy  to  the  treaty  powers 
of  the  world.  When  this  was  organized  and  ready  to  start,  led  by  one  of 
the  highest  nobles,  the  junior  premier  Iwakura,  and  several  members  of 
the  cabinet,  Dr.  .Verbeck  found  that  half  of  the  personnel  of  the  embassy 
had  been  under  his  instruction  as  pupils.  Transferred  in  1874  to  the 
service  of  the  Genro-in,  or  Senate,  he  wrought  daily  and  continuously 
with  the  statesmen  who  were  preparing  the  national  Constitution  and 
making  ready  for  the  imperial  Diet  which  was  to  assemble  in  1889.  He 
translated  into  Japanese,  with  the  co-operation  of  native  scholars,  the 
"Code  Napoleon,"  Bluntschli's  "Staatsrecht."  "Two  Thousand  Legal 
Maxims,"  with  commentary,  the  constitutions  of  the  states  of  Europe  and 
America,  forest  laws,  various  compendiums  and  forms,  and  hundreds  of 
legal  and  political  documents.  He  also  wrote  a  powerful  paper  on  "The 
Freedom  of  the  Press,"  which  had  great  influence  upon  the  Emperor's 
ministers.  He  made  them  acquainted  also  with  the  relations  of  Church 
and  State  in  other  countries,  and  especially  with  the  American  system  of 
trustees,  to  whom  are  given  the  charge  of  property  and  secular  matters 
relating  to  the  church. 

On  severing  his  connection  with  the  government,  July  I,  1877 — the  large 
number  of  expert  advisers  and  assistants  then  in  the  employ  of  nearly  all 
the  government  departments  enabling  him  to  do  this  with  a  good  grace — 
though  he  still  lectured  in  the  Nobles  School,  the  Emperor  bestowed  on 
him  the  decoration  of  the  Third  Class  of  the  Order  of  the  Rising  Sun. 
Concerning  this.  Dr.  Verbeck  wrote:  "This  is  the  first  piece  of  jewelry 
I  ever  owned,"  and  also,  "indirectly  it  is  a  tribute  to  the  cause  of  mis- 
sions." This  ever  active  missionary  never  for  one  moment  concealed  his 
character  and  purposes,  and  in  after  years  refused  to  preach  in  any  place 
where  his  decoration  by  the  Emperor  was  advertised  or  mentioned.  To 
the  organization  of  the  Koji-Machi  Church  in  Tokio.  Dr.  Verbeck  gave 


THE   MINISTRY.  879 

much  time,  thought,  prayer,  love  and  labor  and  money,  often  having  the 
whole  congregation  as  a  Bible  class. 

He  now  began  that  course  of  preaching  tours  which  lasted  until  his 
decease,  going  into  every  section  of  the  empire  and  always  speaking  to 
profoundly  interested  audiences.  His  tremendous  power,  coming,  indeed, 
from  his  mastery  both  of  scholarly  and  vernacular  Japanese,  his  profound 
insight  into  what  was  in  the  minds  of  his  hearers,  his  power  of  illustration, 
his  knowledge  of  human  nature,  the  flavor  of  mysticism  in  his  tempera- 
ment, and  his  close  acquaintance,  both  critical  and  familiar,  with  the 
Bible — these  account  in  a  manner  for  his  marvelous  power  over  audiences, 
but  above  all  he  was  a  great  preacher  in  Japanese,  because  he  seemed  to 
be  annointed  with  the  Holy  Spirit  so  that  his  speech  was  ever  full  of  weight, 
point,  unction  and  power. 

In  1889  he  visited  America  and  Holland,  speaking  in  many  of  the 
churches,  seeing  his  native  village  of  Zeist,  enjoying  publicly  the  oppor- 
tunity of  using  his  mother  tongue  in  awakening  missionary  interest, 
whether  speaking  in  the  Groote  Kerk  in  Delft  or  in  the  humblest  meeting 
house.  In  1891  we  find  him  again  in  Tokio  lecturing  four  hours  a  week 
in  the  Nobles  School,  preaching  on  Sunday,  busy  on  Bible  translation,  and 
helping  to  steer  the  gospel  ship  safely  through  the  currents  of  ultra- 
nationalism  and  amid  the  rocks  of  rationalism,  both  of  the  old  native  and 
of  the  newer  foreign  sort.  He  lived  to  see  the  complete  Bible  in  Japanese. 
In  beauty,  clearness,  and  heart-moving  language,  it  has  been  said  that 
"above  this  great  tableland  of  divine  truth  in  the  vernacular,  the  book  of 
Psalms,  on  which  he  spent  nine  years,  stands  up,  much  as  Fujiyama  rears 
itself  above  the  lower  peaks." 

He  aged  visibly  during  the  last  year  of  his  life,  and  in  October,  1897,  his 
physician,  much  to  his  profound  sorrow,  forbade  any  further  evangelistic 
tours.  He  preached  for  the  last  time  on  the  night  of  February  26th,  1898. 
One  of  his  latest  works  was  the  preparation  of  an  address  in  English 
to  His  Majesty  on  the  occasion  of  the  presentation  of  a  handsome  copy 
of  the  Bible  in  Japanese,  on  which  many  scholars  had  labored  more  or  less 
during  a  generation.  After  his  sudden  and  easy  death,  on  March  10,  1898, 
some  of  the  highest  noblemen  and  officers  in  the  empire  attended  the 
funeral  services  in  the  Shiba  Church,  which  took  place  three  days  later 
on  the  twenty-sixth  anniversary  of  the  organization  of  the  First  Reformed 
Church  organized  in  Japan  (the  edifice  standing  on  Commodore  Perry's 
treaty  ground  at  Yokohamo).  In  Tokio  the  Emperor  presented  five  hun- 
dred yen  to  pay  the  funeral  expenses,  and  ordered  two  companies  of 
soldiers,  veterans  of  the  Imperial  Guard,  to  escort  his  body  to  the  grave. 
The  burial  lot  was  deeded  to  Dr.  Verbeck's  family  by  the  city  government 
of  Tokio.  "Claimed  by  three  nations  but  a  citizen  of  none,  he  has  found  for 
his  weary  body  a  final  resting  place  in  Japan,  and  Japan  has  not  failed  to 
show  due  appreciation  of  the  honor."  See  "The  Japan  Evangelist"  for 
1898,  and  the  biography,  an  octavo,  entitled  "Verbeck  of  Japan :  A  Citizen 
of  No  Country,"  by  Rev.  Wm.  Elliot  Griffis,  D.D.,  New  York,  1900. 

Publications  :  The  "fit  audience  though  few"  for  Mr.  Verbeck's  writ- 
ings was  made  up,  in  earlier  years,  of  young  men  who  helped  to  make,  and 


88o  THE    MINISTRY. 

of  the  statesmen  in  the  government  of  Japan.  His  manuscripts  and  trans- 
lations were  too  many  to  be  noted  here.  One  of  the  former  is  an  elaborate 
study  of  the  Greek  text  of  the  gospels,  showing  the  author  a  master  of 
both  textual  and  literary  criticism.  He  was  one  of  a  staff  of  writers  who 
produced  "An  Outline  History  of  Japanese  Education."  prepared  for  the 
Centennial  Exposition,  1876.  "Classical  Poetry  of  the  Japanese" — a 
notable  article  in  the  "Chrysanthemum"  (magazine),  Yokohama,  1881  : 
"History  of  Protestant  Missions  in  Japan."  Yokohama.  1883,  pp.  163: 
Letters  to  the  "Christian  Intelligencer."  "A  Synopsis  of  all  the  Conjuga- 
tions of  the  Japanese  Verb,"  pp.  95,  Yokohama,  1887. 

Verbryck,  Samuel,  studied  under  J.  Leydt,  J.  H.  Goetschius,  Vanderlinde, 
and  perhaps  T.  Frelinghuysen,  of  Albany;  lie.  by  Ccetus,  1749;  Tappan 
(Orange),  and  New  Hempstead  (now  Clarkstown).  1750-84  d.  He 
was  one  of  the  original  trustees  of  Queen's  College. 

The  Classis  of  Amsterdam  very  reluctantly  gave  permission  for  his  ordi- 
nation in  America.  He  was  ever  a  firm  friend  of  the  Ccetus  and  the  Amer- 
ican Classis.  and  helped  greatly  in  securing  ecclesiastical  independence. 
He  was  clerk  of  the  last  regular  meeting  of  the  Ccetus.  when  the  resolve 
was  made  to  get  the  votes  of  the  churches  respecting  a  Classis.  He  greatly 
furthered  this  scheme,  while  Ritzema  opposed  it.  (Ritzema.)  As  clerk 
he  bad  a  right  to  the  Minute-Book  of  Ccetus,  but  it  was  generally  left  in 
New  York  for  convenience  and  safe-keeping,  and  hence  it  fell  into  the 
hands  of  the  Conferentie,  who  recorded  their  own  minutes  thenceforth  in 
this  volume,  1755-1767.  Probably  the  Ccetus  expected  to  secure  the  book 
again,  and  transcribe  their  minutes  therein,  but  this  was  never  accom- 
plished, and  hence  the  minutes  of  the  American  Classis,  1755-1771.  are  lost. 
The  facts  in  general,  however,  may  be  understood  from  the  voluminous 
Amsterdam  correspondence.  Verbryck  was  one  of  the  eleven  who  signed 
the  commission  of  Rev.  Theodore  Frelinghuysen,  1755.  to  go  to  Holland 
to  secure  funds  for  a  university.  While  the  latter  was  in  Europe,  1759-61, 
followed  by  Hardenbcrgh  of  kindred  spirit,  1761-3,  and  while  Ritzema  and 
Leydt  were  writing  their  pamphlets  pro  and  con  respecting  ecclesiastical 
independence,  1761-5,  Verbryck  was  laboring  with  untiring  zeal  to  secure  a 
charter  from  the  Governor  of  New  Jersey  for  a  distinctively  Dutch  literary 
institution.  Failing  the  first  time,  he  tried  a  second  and  a  third  from  suc- 
cessive Governors,  until  he  succeeded,  and  the  charter  for  such  an  institu- 
tion was  signed  May  10.  [766,  to  be  called  Queen's  College,  so  as  not  to  be 
outdone  in  loyalty  to  the  English  crown  by  King's  College,  in  New  York. 
Bui  by  the  time  this  success  was  gained,  the  greal  controversy  and  lawsuit 
in  New  York  respecting  the  introductioi,  of  Kntdish  p'eaclhng  had  taken 
place,  and  been  decided  against  the  Dutch  party.  (De  RoNDE.)  It  became 
obvious  that  a  mistake  had  been  made  in  the  proposed  character  of  the 
institution,  and  after  four  more  years  of  waiting  and  labor,  another  char- 
ter, mere  liberal  and  unsectarian  in  character,  was  secured.  This  is  dated 
March  20,  1770.  (Rutgers  College.)  It  would  have  been  more  natural 
to  locate  this  institution  for  the  Dutch  Church  in  New  York  State  along 
the  banks  of  the  Hudson,  where  the  majority  of  the  Dutch   resided.     The 


THE    MINISTRY.  88l 

river  also  would  always  have  been  a  convenient  highway.  But  there  was 
no  prospect  of  success  in  securing  another  institution  in  New  York,  and 
in  the  choice  between  Hackensack  and  New  Brunswick,  the  latter  location 
was  finally  decided  on,  although  at  the  very  southwestern  extreme  of  the 
Dutch  Church,  in  view  of  the  German  Reformed  element  in  Pennsylvania, 
which  was  also  under  the  care  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  This  one- 
sided location  led,  soon  after  the  Revolution,  to  the  founding  of  Union 
College  at  Schenectady.     (Union  College.) 

Verbryck's  character  is  indicated  by  his  untiring  zeal  as  above  exhibited. 
Yet  this  very  zeal  for  a  literary  institution,  so  necessary  for  the  ministry, 
offended  many  of  his  people,  so  that  they  refused  to  pay  salary  to  him! 
He  also  opposed  all  forms  of  prayer,  and  the  celebration  of  the  festival 
days,  which  conduct  was  then  considered  a  great  innovation.  The  Con- 
ferentie  wrote  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  bitterly  against  him,  urging 
them  to  take  him  in  hand.  They  declared  that  if  he  got  a  charter  for  an 
American  institution,  it  would  tend  to  the  increase  of  the  same  kind  of 
ministers!  (Numbers  xi.  29.)  "Amst.  Cor."  "Minutes  of  Ccetus."  "Cen- 
tennial Discs."     62,  75-91.     See  "Cole's  Hist.  Ch.  Tappan,"  1894. 

Verbrycke,  J.  Russell  (son-in-law  of  Rev.  T.  C.  Eastern),  b.  New  Bruns- 
wick. N.J.,  Nov.  5,  i860;  R.C.  81,  N.B.S.  84.  I.  CI.  N.B. ;  Preakness, 
84-7,  Piermont,  87-94  (Washington.  D.C..  Gurley  Memorial  Presb. 
ch.)    1894 ■ 

Vermeule,  Cor.  C,  b.  1786;  Q.C.  1812,  N.B.S.  14.  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Tutor  in 
R.C.  12-14,  Prof,  of  Langs,  in  Queen's  Col.  14-15;  Harlem,"  16-36,  d. 
1859.  Jan.  15.     D.D. 

When  he  resigned  his  pastorate  in  1836,  on  account  of  impaired  health, 
the  Consistory  voted  him  a  year's  salary,  as  a  mark  of  their  respect  and 
esteem.  He  was  tall  and  slender  in  appearance,  grave,  reserved,  and  digni- 
fied in  manner,  a  good  preacher,  and  an  earnest  and  faithful  pastor,  of  more 
than  usual  modesty  and  humility  of  spirit,  and  of  great  tenderness  and 
sensibility  of  feeling. — "Mandeville's   Hist.   Dis.,"    1875. 

Vermilye,  Ashbel  G.  (s.  of  T.  E.  Vermilye),  b.  at  Princeton,  N.J..  1822; 
N.Y.U.  40,  N.B.S.  41,  1.  CI.  N.Y.;  ord.  by  Presbyt.  Albany.  45  (Little 
Falls,  N.Y.,  45-50,  Newburyport,  Mass.,  50-63 )  ;  Utica.  63-71  ;  Schenec- 
tady, 71-6,  Chaplain  of  the  Marine  Chapel,  Antwerp.  Belgium:  sailed, 
March  26,  79;  79-82,  w.  c.     D.D.  by  R.C.   i860. 

Publications:  Hist.  Discourse  at  Centennial  of  1st  Presb.  ch.  New- 
buryport, Mass.  1856. — Sermon  commem.  of  character  of  Miss  Mary  C. 
Greenleaf;  text,  Matt.  26:  13.  1857. — "Memoir  of  Rev.  John  Murray,  1st 
Minister  of  ch.  of  Bootbay" ;  in  "Maine  Hist.  Soc.  Mag."  1857. — 
Thanksgiving  Sermon;  text.  Judges  v.  1-3;  in  "Utica  Herald,"  1864. — 
Address  on  George  Whitefield  :  in  "Pamphlet  of  Addresses"  delivered  in 
Old  South  Ch.,  Newburyport,  at  Centennial  of  his  death.  1870. — "Humor 
Among  Ministers";  in  "Wickliffe  Presb.  Ch.  Chronicle,"  March,  1871. — 
Sermon  before  General  Synod  as  retiring  President:  text.  Ps.  96:  6;  in 
"Ch.  Int.."  June.  1871. — "The  Widow's  Mite":  in  "Ch.  int.,"  July  25,  1872. 


882 


THE    MINISTRY 


-"The  Fathers  to  the  Children  Shall  Make  Known    Thy    Truth";  in  "Ch. 
Int.,"  Jan.  23,   1873.— Speech,  as  delegate  of  Ret".  Ch.  to  Gen.   Assembly, 
1874. — "The  Huguenot  Element  Among  the  Dutch":      Paper  before   N.Y. 
Hist.   Soc,  Oct.  3,   1876;   subsequently  printed   in  pamphlet   form;   also  in 
"Centennial  Discourses,"  1876. — "Albany  in  1830";  in  "Ch.  Int."     1878. — 
"Women  Praying  in  Public";  "The  Bible  in  the  Public  Schools";  "Sym- 
pathy with  Human  Nature";  all  in  "Ch.  Int.";  "Superstition";  in  "N.  Y. 
Observer." — "The  late  Caleb  Cushing" ;  in  "Independent,"  Feb.  6,  1879. — 
Address  at  Funeral  Services  of  President  Garfield.  Sept.  26,  1881,  at  Eliza- 
bethtown,   N.Y. — "The  Early   New   York   Postoffice";    "Ebenezer   Hazard, 
Postmaster  and  Postmaster-General,"  1885;  in  "Mrs.  Lamb's  Mag.  of  Am. 
Hist.,"  xiii,  No.  2. — "St.   Paul's  View  of  the  Woman  Question";  in  "Ch. 
Int.,"  Dec.  29.  1886.- ■"  ["he  Bible  Use  of  Analogy";  in  "Ch.  Int.."  Nov.  16, 
1887. — "The  Tenth  Commandment":  Tract  79,  Bellefonle  Series. — "Rem- 
iniscences":   Articles   in   "Newburypcrt    Herald,"   Aug.   29.    [886.   Jan.    14, 
Feb  25,  1888,  Nov.  25.   1889.— Speech  before  Presb.  Gen.  Assembly  at  De- 
troit, as  Delegate  from  Refd.  Ch. ;  in  "Detroit  Free  Press,"  May  30.  1891. — 
Address  before  Oneida  Hist.   Sec.  :  "Reminiscences  of  the  Utica  Literary 
Club";  Oct.   n,  1892;  in  No.  6  of  "Transactions  of  the  Oneida  Hist.  Soc. 
of   Utica." — Chapters  in  the  "Memorial  Hist,  of  City  of  New  York,"  a; 
follows:    In  Vol.  i..  chap,  ix.,  "Lovelace,  and  the  Recapture  of  New  Nether- 
land,  1674";  chap.  xii..  "The  Leisler  Troubles  in  1680-91";  in  vol.  ii..  chap, 
i.,   "Lord   Bellomont,  Governor.   1698-1701";   in   vol.   iii..   chap,    xv.,   "New 
York,   from   1879-92." — "Seminary  Class  at   New  Brunswick  of  1844";   in 
"Ch.    Int.,"   July   26.    1893. — "Church    Music    from    the    Standpoint    of   the 
Pews";    in   Library   Edition    of   "Englewood    (N.J.)    Press,"    181)5. — "The 
Patriot  Clergy  and  the  New  York  City  Chaplains  in  the  War  of  the  Revo- 
lution," 1895;  pamphlet. — "Memorial   Sketch,  of  Hon.  John  Jay";   address 
before  the  Huguenot  Soc,  Jan.  29.  1805;  pamphlet. — "Reminiscence-  of  'he 
First  Presbyt.  Ch.,  Newburyport,  1896,  on  Occasion  of  150th  Anniversary;" 
in  "Origin  and  Annals  of  The  Old  South." — "Stray  Reveries";  a  volume  of 
Four  Essays. — Souvenir  of  Golden  Wedding.  1897. — "The  Palisades."  1899. 
a  pamphlet. — "Reminiscences";  in  "Newburyport  Herald,"  Sept.  26.   1893, 
Jan.  17,  1894,  March   12  and  July  5,   1895;   undated  articles.   1896:  Dec.  21, 
1809. 

Vermilye,  Dupuytren,  b.  Sept.  10.  [833,  .11  Hopewell,  N.Y. ;  R.C.  6o,  X.B.S. 
63,  1.  CI.  Poughkeepsie ;  ord.  by  CI.  Mich.  (13;  Mi--,  to  Jefferson  and 
Pittsford,  63-65,  Miss,  at  Palisades,  65-8  (also  Cong.  ch.  Fort  Lee, 
67-8),  (Guilderland,  Presbyt.,  69-71),  w.  c.  but  supplying  churches. 

Vermilye,  Thomas  E..  b.  in  N.Y.C.  Feb.  27,  1803:  Y.C.  21,  Princeton.  2^, 
1.  Presbyt.  N.Y.  1825  (Vandewater  St..  N.Y.C,  Presbyt..  26-30.  West 
Springfield,  Mass.,  Cong.,  30-35)  ;  Albany,  ,;;  39,  New  ^i  irk,  39-93.  d. 
March  17.  D.D.  by  R.C.  and  U.C.  1838;  S.T.D.  by  C.C.  1875;  LL.D. 
by  Jeff.  C.   1857.     Elected  trustee  of  R.C.  1849. 

Hi-  early  ancestors  were  Walloon-,  who  took  refuge  in  London  in  the 
latter  part  of  the  16th  century,  and  thence  removed  t<>  Leyden.  They  came 
to  this  country   in    1662,   and   settled  first   at    New    Amstel    1  New    Castle), 


THE    MINISTRY.  883 

Delaware,  and  afterward  at  Harlem.  The  family  name  is  honorably  asso- 
ciated with  the  early  history  of  New  York,  and  three  of  Dr.  Vermilye's 
brothers  were  long  prominent  as  bankers  of  high  ability  and  character. 
He  was  himself,  in  his  boyhood,  placed  in  a  lawyer's  office,  but  his  tastes 
inclined  him  to  the  study  of  theology,  which  he  studied  privately,  at  Prince- 
ton, under  the  instruction  of  some  of  the  professors.  He  was  called  to  the 
Collegiate  Church  in  New  York  in  1839,  being  installed  in  the  Middle 
Church,  as  the  Cedar  street  church  was  then  yet  called.  But  the  pulpit  in 
which  he  was  oftenest  heard,  and  to  which  he  gave  great  renown,  was 
that  of  the  New  Middle  Church  on  Lafayette  place  and  Fourth  street. 
His  colleagues,  Dr.  Knox,  Dr.  Brownlee  and  Dr.  DeWitt,  were  all  at  that 
time  in  the  prime  of  their  years  and  usefulness.  But.  Dr.  Vermilye  proved 
himself  worthy,  both  in  character  and  ability,  to  be  associated  with  them. 
He  soon  ranked  among  the  most  attractive  and  popular  ministers  of  the 
city,  and  was  especially  noted  for  his  grace  of  manner  and  beauty  of  style. 
He  was  at  the  same  time  an  earnest  and  evangelical  preacher,  strongly  con- 
servative in  his  theological  views,  and  at  once  persuasive  and  convincing 
in  his  utterance  of  them.  No  sensational  effects  followed  his  preaching, 
but  it  was  blessed  in  the  conversion  of  many  souls,  and  the  confirmation 
and  comfort  of  many  who  were  already  believers. 

He  was  a  man  of  marked  social  as  well  as  literary  tastes,  and  was  not 
only  a  welcome  visitor  in  the  homes  of  his  own  parishioners,  but  was  on 
terms  of  cordial  friendship  with  many  who  belonged  to  other  churches  or 
who  were  not  connected  with  any  church.  He  was  faithful  in  the  dis- 
charge of  his  pastoral  duties,  and  as  an  officer  of  the  Consistory  manifested 
a  peculiarly  genial  spirit  and  a  mind  of  great  practical  sagacity.  He  was 
not  only  loyal  but  enthusiastic  in  his  devotion  to  the  Dutch  Church,  with 
whose  principles  and  methods  he  was  in  heartiest  sympathy.  He  per- 
formed his  share  of  its  classical  and  Synodical  work,  and  from  1849  until 
his  death  was  one  of  the  trustees  of  Rutgers  College.  As  the  senior 
minister  of  the  Dutch  Church  in  New  York  City,  he  was  one  of  the  trus- 
tees of  the  Leake  and  Watts  Orphan  House,  an  institution  in  whose  wel- 
fare he  took  a  very  deep  interest.  For  well  nigh  fifty  years  he  was  one  of 
the  chaplains  of  the  St.  Nicholas  Society.  For  many  years  he  was  a 
member  of  the  important  "Committee  on  Versions"  of  the  American 
Bible  Society,  and  rendered  valuable  service  at  a  stirring  period,  until  his 
resignation  in  1857.  During  the  Civil  War  he  was  earnestly  on  the  side  of 
those  who  were  fighting  for  the  national  existence.  In  public  speech,  on 
suitable  occasions,  as  well  as  in  private,  he  showed  his  hatred  of  slavery, 
and  his  unfaltering  loyalty  was  sometimes  stirred  by  the  great  issues 
then  at  stake  to  an  unusual  fervor  of  eloquence. 

Increasing  deafness  made  it  in  his  later  years  more  and  more  difficult 
for  him  to  conduct  public  worship  or  take  part  in  discussion,  and  he  was 
released  by  the  Consistory  from  the  active  service  of  the  church  after  the 
first  Sunday  in  May,  1869.  Daring  the  subsequent  twenty-four  years,  he 
lived  in  tranquillity  and  comfort,  occasionally  appearing  in  the  pulpit  or  on 
the  platform,  and  always  retaining  a  keen  interest  in  public  affairs,  and 
possessing  a  singularly  correct  knowledge  of  what  was  taking  place  around 


i504  THE    MINISTRY. 

him.  The  fiftieth  anniversary  of  his  installation  in  the  Collegiate  Church 
was  celebrated  by  an  imposing  service  on  the  29th  of  October,  1889,  in 
the  church  at  Fifth  avenue  and  Forty-eighth  street.  He  then  delivered 
an  address  which  showed  that  neither  his  mind  nor  his  spirit  had  been 
weakened  by  age.  He  was  in  the  ministry  sixty-seven  years,  and  in  the 
Collegiate  Church  ministry  for  fifty-four  years.  He  was  more  than  ninety 
years  of  age  at  his  death.  See  "Collegiate  Ch.  Year  Book,"  1890,  94; 
1898,  643;  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  189.3.  894. — "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C.," 
1893,  3. — See  "Dr.  E.  B.  Coe's  Disc.  Commemorative  of,"  1893. 

Publications:  "The  Guilt  of  Unbelief";  "The  Beatific  Vision";  both 
in  "Nat.  Preacher,"  1834. — Farewell  Ser.  at  Springfield.  1835. — Intro- 
ductory Address  before  the  Young  Men's  Assoc,  of  Albany.  1837. — 
Disc,  at  Fun.  of  Hon.  Ab.  Van  Vechten.  1837. — "Zion,  the  City  of  Solem- 
nities" At  the  Dedication  of  3d  R.D.C.  Albany,  1837.— Disc,  at  Fun.  of 
Hon.  Stephen  Van  Rensselaer.  1839. — "Death  by  Spiritual  Blindness";  in 
"Nat.  Preacher,"  1840. — "The  Great  Question  Answered,"  in  "Nat. 
Pr.,"  1840:  Disc,  at  Fun.  of  Mrs.  Stephen  Van  Rensselaer.  1844. — "The 
Defence  of  the  Gospel":  a  Disc,  at  the  Inaug.  of  Dr.  S.  A.  Van  Vranken,  as 
Prof,  of  Theology,  at  New  Brunswick.  1841. — "Religious  Instruction  of 
the  Young."  1842.  In  "Nat.  Preacher." — Sketch  of  David  Abeel,  1846. — 
Annual  Ser.  before  City  Miss.  Soc.  1857. — A  Disc.  Commem.  of  Dr.  John 
Knox.  1858. — A  Disc.  Comm.  of  Dr.  Wm  C.  Brownlee.  i860. — "The 
Ancient  Worthies,  our  Example."  1858.  In  "N.  Y.  Pidpit  in  Revival." — 
"The  Sabbath;  the  Holy  Day  of  Freedom,  the  Holiday  of  Despotism."— 
Address  at  the  Funeral  of  Rev.  Dr.  Thos  DeWitt.  1874.  In  "DeWitl 
Memorial." — "A  Tribute  to  the  Memory  of  Rev.  Dr.  John  Gosman."  1865. 
—A  Disc.  Commem.  of  Rev.  Robt.  E.  Vermilye,  D.D.,  Prof,  of  Theology 
in  the  Theolog.  Inst,  of  Connecticut.  With  an  Appendix.  1876. — Dis- 
course at  the  Quarter  Millennial  Anniversary  of  the  R.D.C.  of  N.Y.C. 
1878.— Add.  at  Semi-Cent,  of  St.  Nicholas  Soc.  1885.— Add.  at  Commemo- 
ration  of  his  50  Years'  Service.  1889.  See  also  "Year  Book  of  Collegiate 
Ch.."  1890,  94.  Add.  at  Anniver.  of  Am.  Prot.  Soc.  of  N.Y.  1847  — 
"The  Great  Revealer"  ;  Ser.  at  Install,  of  Rev.  H.  M.  Field.  1st  ch.  West 
Springfield,  Mass.  1851  —  Speech  at  Banquet  of  St.  .Nicholas  Soc.  1852.— 
"Special  Evans:.  Efforts  in  Cities":  a  Sermon  in  "Nat.  Pr.,"  1854.— Add.  at 
Opening  of  the  Roosevelt  Hospital.  1871.  -Commemoration  of  Fifty  Years' 
Services.  1889,  with  Response  by  Dr.  Vermilye.— Remarks  at  Centennial 
of  N.B.S.,  15] 
Vernol.  Thos.   Powki.i..  b.  Orange  Co.,  N.Y.,  Jan.  31,    1850;   Normal  Sch. 

of  Elocution  and  Oratory.  Philadelphia,  89,  N  B.S.  92,  lie.  CI.   Passaic; 

Paterson   1st   1892 

Vetter  G.,  Racine.  Wis..   1892. 

You..  Jas.  Pattison,  b.  Saratoga,  X.Y..  Mar  j;.  1835;  U.C.  61,  P.S.  64, 
ord  Presb.  Troy,  67  (S.S.  Caldwell.  N.Y.  65-7,  al  Pittstown,  67-9), 
Schaghticoke,  69-72  (  Middle  Granville.  72-5.  Sand  Lake.  76-82.  Ver- 
non. 82-6,  Home  Miss,  in  Kansas,  87-99),  Northumberland  (Bacon- 
Hill  ».  X.  V..  [899 


THE   MINISTRY.  885 

Vile,  Jos.  M.,  R.C.  1862,  N.B.S.  1865,  d.  Dec.  20.     See  Manual  of  1879. 
Visscher,  John,   H.S.   1877. 
Visscher,  Wm,  H.C.  1868,  H.S.  1871. 

Voegelin,  Chs.  Fred.  Nordt,  b.  Paterson,  N.J.,  Apr.  8,  1877;  Bloomfield 
Sem.  1901,  lie.  Presbyt.  of  Morris  and  Orange;  Central  Bridge  and 
Howes  Cave,  1901 

Vonck,  see  Funck  and  French. 

Von  Romondt,  see  Romondt. 

Voorhees,  Henry  Martin,  b.  in  Hunterdon  Co ,  N.J.,  1840 ;  R.C.  1859, 
N.B.S.  1863,  1.  CI.  Raritan,  1863;  Port  Jackson,  1863-5,  Bethlehem,  1st, 
1865-71,  North  and  South  Hampton,  1871-7,  Port  Jervis,  1877-9,  w.  c. 
Belleville,  80-2  (Presbyt.),  Helderberg,  86-89,  High  Bridge.  N.J.,  89- 
92.     Died,  1895. 

Voorhees,  Henry  V.,  b.  in  New  Brunswick,  N.J..  Dec.  19,  1826;  R.C.  47, 
N.B.S.  50,  1.  CI.  N.B.  Geneva,  51-4,  Broome  St.,  N.Y.C.,  55-6,  Bound 
Brook,  Jan.  58-62,  Washington  Heights,  62-5,  South  Bushwick,  67-9, 
Nyack,  71-8,  w.  c.  (Presbyt.:  Princess  Ann,  Md.,  80-89,  Delaware 
Water  Gap,  91-95)  ;  died  Oct.  10,  1897. 

When  only  about  ten  years  of  age,  to  please  his  mother,  he  committed 
in  one  Sabbath  afternoon  the  whole  of  the  119th  Psaim,  and  recited  it. 
He  united  with  a  Presbyterian  church  in  Princeton,  but  when  he  resolved 
to  study  for  the  ministry  he  turned  to  the  institutions  of  the  church  of  his 
fathers.  He  was  a  most  brilliant  preacher.  Few  could  be  more  eloquent 
than  he.  But  he  was  obliged  to  contend  with  ill-health  through  all  his 
ministry.  Hence  he  was  obliged  to  rest  a  year  or  two  between  his  succes- 
sive charges.  His  several  congregations  always  parted  from  him  with 
great  regret.  Revivals  accompanied  him  in  every  field.  Among  his  con- 
verts in  the  Broome  Street  Church,  New  York,  was  Leonard  W.  Kip, 
whose  life-long  Giristian  service  became  such  a  blessing  in  the  Amoy 
mission.  He  was  of  a  nervous  temperament.  He  saw  beautiful  things 
everywhere  and  lived  in  them.  He  was  true  to  intensity  in  his  friend- 
ships, and  to  the  last  fibre  of  his  being  in  his  consecration  to  God ;  and, 
like  the  magnetic  needle,  his  affections  seemed  tremulous  with  an  ever- 
conscious  life.  His  attachment  to  his  classmate,  Samuel  Scudder,  was 
unusual ;  and  had  the  life  of  his  friend  been  spared  it  was  his  purpose  to 
enter  the  foreign  work  in  India.  Providence  opened  to  him  a  quiet  and 
restful  home  at  North  Branch  Station.  N.  J.,  and  to  this  he  retreated  many 
times  for  recuperation,  but  never  to  forget  that  he  was  God's  servant  in 
giving  aid  and  cheer  to  the  pastor,  bearing  his  part  in  devotional  meetings, 
comforting  the  afflicted  and  dying,  and  answering  calls  to  pulpit  services 
as  strength  allowed.     See  :'Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,"  1889,  15. 

Voorhees,  John  Brownlee  (son  of  Wm.  Brownlee  Voorhees),  b.  Blawen- 
berg,  N.J.,  Jan.  27,  1875;  R.C.  96.  N.B.S.  99,  lie.  CI.  N.B.  Union  High 
Bridge,  N.Y.C.,  1899 

Voorhees,  Louis  B.     C.N.J.  1868,  student  in  N.B.S.   (Congregationalist). 


886 


THE    MINISTRY. 


Voorhees,  Oscar  McMurtrie,  b.  near  Somcrville,  N.J.,  Dec.  29,  1864; 
R.C.  88,  N.B.S.  91,  1.  CI.  Raritan;  Three  Bridges,  1891 

Publications:  "Hist.  Sketch  of  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Soc,"  1891.— "Man- 
ual of  R.C.  Three  Bridges,'"  1893.— Contributions  to  the  "Ch.  Int.,"  the 
"Brotherhood  Star,"  and  the  Somerset  and  Hunterdon  County  papers. 

Voorhees,  Stephen,  see  Van  Voorhees. 

Voorhees,  Wm.  Brownlee,  b.  at  Readington,  N.J.,  March  10,  1838;  R.C. 
60,  N.B.S.  63,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia;  Clover  Hill.  63-70;  Blawenburg, 
70-1892,  d.  June  13. 

He  was  a  faithful  minister  of  Christ  and  a  diligent  student  of  the  Word. 
Never  of  very  robust  health,  yet  seldom  was  he  prevented  from  rilling  his 
pulpit.  His  papers  before  the  Raritan  Ministerial  Association  were  always 
excellent:  yet  he  himself  was  modest  of  his  attainments.  His  sermons 
were  well  thought  out.  lie  was  a  genial  companion,  highly  respected  by 
his  fellow-ministers,  and  loved  by  the  congregations  which  he  served. — 
"Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1893,  887. 

Voorhis,  Jacob  X..  b.  [S15  i,,  Bergen  Co.,  X.J.;  N.B.S.  1845.  1.  by  CI.  Ber- 
gen, 1845;  S.S.  Day,  1848-9,  Shokan,  1849-51,  Greenport,  1851-6.   S.S. 
Greenport.  1856-7,  Clove,  1857-66,  Esopus,  1867-80,  w.  c.     Died,  March 
9,  1889.     See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1889,  917. 
Vredenburgh,  John  Shureman,  b.  Mar.  20,  1776;  Q.C.   1794,  studied  under 
Livingston,  1.   CI.   N.Y.   1798;  Raritan,   1800-21,   d.   Oct.  4.     Elected  a 
trustee  of  Q.C.  1800. 
He  entered  upon  his  duties  when  the  church  had  been  divided  and  was 
in  a  low  and  languishing  state.     Under  his  ministry  it  grew  and  flourished 
until  it  became  one  of  the  most  numerous  and  well-ordered  religious  com- 
munities in  New  Jersey.     The  latter  years  of  his  life  were  renderd  in  some 
measure  inefficient  by  enfeebled  health,  and  he  died  suddenly  while  yet  in 
the  midst  of  his  usefulness.     He  had  been  visiting  families  in  a  remote  part 
of  the  congregation   all   day.     Returning  in   the  evening  to  his   home,   he 
sank  down  from  his  chair,  and  was  no  more.     The  impression  of  his  life 
and    sudden   death   was   immense  on   the   public    mind.     His    funeral    was 
attended  by  crowds  of  weeping  friends:  and  soon  a  most  extensive  religious 
awakening  revealed  itself,  which  continued   for  nearly  two  years,  and  the 
result  of  which  was  an  addition  of  three  hundred  and  sixty-eight  persons 
to  the  communion   of  the  church!    This   number   embraced    the   old   and 
young,  rich  and  poor,  masters  and  their  servants  ;  and  was  so  free  from 
enthusiasm  and  the  other  evils  of  excitement,  that  only  a  very  few  of  the 
whole  number  failed  to  maintain  a  consistent  life  or  required  the  exercise 
of  discipline. 

The  previous  years  r ,f  Mr.  Vredenburgh's  ministry  were  not  remarkable 
for  any  special  ingatherings.  The  church  had  a  healthy  and  constant 
growth,  and  no  more;  but  he  had  been  faithful,  laborious,  and  earnest  in 
all  his  effort^  to  bring  the  ungodly  to  repentance,  and  urge  the  Christian 
forward  to  increasing  spiritual-mindedness  :  hut  he  had  had  only  an  ordi- 
nary blessing  on  his  work. 


THE    MINISTRY. 


887 


Like  the  other  men  of  his  time,  he  seldom  wrote  his  sermons,  and  in 
some  instances  is  known  not  to  have  decided  what  text  of  Scripture  to 
employ  as  the  subject  of  his  discourse  until  after  he  had  arrived  at  the 
church.  Then  often  he  gave  his  most  effective  exhortations,  and  seemed 
as  if  he  was  literally  carried  away  by  his  ardor. 

The  name  which  he  left  behind  him  was  endeared  to  every  one;  and  he 
seems  to  have  had  almost  no  opponents.  He  was  useful,  respected,  and' 
highly  esteemed  among  his  associates  in  the  Christian  ministry.  He  is  yet 
sometimes  referred  to  as  "the  amiable;*'  and  seems  to  have  been  a  man 
free  from  guile  and  entirely  pure  in  his  whole  life.  He  was  a  trustee  of 
Queen's,  now  Rutgers  College ;  but  did  not  live  to  see  it  emerge  out  of  the 
clouds  which  rested  upon  it  until  after  he  had  been  removed  by  death. 
Among  the  good  men  who  have  served  the  churches  in  Somerset  County, 
the  name  of  John  S.  Vredenburgh  will  always  find  a  record  which  will  be 
savory,  affectionate  and  kind.  He  was  an  evangelical  and  useful  preacher, 
and  his  labors  in  the  end  were  greatly  blessed.  He  at  least  sowed  the  seed 
of  a  most  abundant  harvest.— Rev.  Dr.  Ab.  Messier.  "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  iv. 
71.  "Sprague's  Annals,"  Vol.  ix.  See  also  Walsh.  "The  Martyred  Mis- 
sionaries," ix.,  107,  201. 

Vroom,  Wm.  Henry,  b.  in  Somerset  Cc,  N.J.,  1840;  R.  C.  62.  N.B.S.  65, 
1.    CI.    Raritan;    Hoboken,    65-7,    Davenport,    67-9    (La    Cynge,    Kan.. 

Presbyt.,  69-74)  ;  Clove,  74-87.  Paramus.  1887 

Publications  :  Discourse  Commem.  of  the  Rev.  Cyrus  G.  Vanderveer, 
1868.— "Religion  in  Ulster  Co.,  N.  Y.,"  "The  Churchman,"  1889.— "A  Na- 
tional Discourse."  "Ridgewood  News,"  1892.— Sermon  on  Tenth  Ann.  of 
Pastorate  at  Paramus.  "Ridgewood  News,"  1897-— Papers  and  Reviews, 
in  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  1891-1894— "Memorial  Discourse  on  the 
Death  of  President  McKinley,"  "Ridgewood  Herald,"  1901.— The  Histor- 
ical Discourse  delivered  at  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  Classis  of 
Paramus,  1900,  in  "The  History  of  the  Classis  of  Paramus."— Also  in  the 
same  volume,  "The  History  of  the  Reformed  Church  of  Paramus" :  "The 
History  of  the  Reformed  Church  of  Mahwah."  and  "The  History  of  the 
Seceded  Churches  of  Hackensack  and  Schraalenburgh,  before  their  Seces- 
sion." 

Vrooman,  Barent.  b.  in  Schenectady,  Dec.  24,  1725;  studied  with  Cor.  Van 
Santvoord  and  T.  Frelinghuysen ;  University  of  Utrecht,  1750-2 ;  lie. 
CI.  Utrecht,  June  7,  1752;  ord.  CI.  Amsterdam,  July  3.  1752;  New 
Paltz,  Shawangunk  and  Montgomery  (Wallkill),  1753-4.  Schenectady, 
1754-83,  d.  Nov.  15.     He  was  one  of  the  original  trustees  of  Q.C. 

He  was  the  son  of  Walter  Vrooman,  and  great-grandson  of  Hendrik,  the 
immigrant.  This  Hendrik,  and  two  sons,  Adam  and  Bartholomew,  with 
the  wife  and  infant  son  of  Adam,  were  slain  and  burned  at  Schenectady, 
Feb.  9,  1690,  in  the  Indian  massacre.  He  went  to  Holland  to  complete  his 
education.  The  Classis  of  Amsterdam  had  great  doubt  whether  the  sign- 
ers of  his  call  to  New  Paltz  had  legal  right  to  call  him.  Nevertheless  he 
was  ordained  with  the  earnest  wish  repeatedly  expressed  in  different  letters 


888  THE    MINISTRY. 

that  he  might  he  cordially  received,  and  that  his  ministry  might  he  con- 
ducive to  the  building  up  of  the  kingdom  of  Christ.  His  ministry,  however, 
in  Ulster  County  was  short.  In  returning  from  Europe,  in  company  with 
Schuneman  and  the  two  Frelinghuysens,  Ferdinand  and  Jacobus,  that  sad 
ivent  occurred  which  so  greatly  influenced  the  desire  for  ecclesiastical  inde- 
pendence, viz.,  the  death  of  the  Frelinghuysens  of  small-pox  at  sea.  Vroo- 
man  also  was  attacked,  but  recovered.  This  circumstance  naturally  made 
him  a  firm  friend  of  the  Ccetus,  and  he  signed  the  commission  of  Freling- 
huysen  to  go  to  Europe  to  collect  funds  for  an  American  institution  of 
learning.  During  his  long  and  laborious  pastorate  at  Schenectady  he  re 
ceived  more  than  400  members  in  the  church,  married  358  couples,  and 
performed  3,451  baptisms. 

He  was  tall  and  well  proportioned,  with  a  kind,  benevolent  expression, 
and  agreeable  manners,  lie  was  proverbially  charitable,  often  visiting  the 
poor  with  a  basket  of  supplies  on  his  arm.  In  1765  lie  built  the  first  three- 
story  brick  house  in  Schenectady. 

He  was  eloquent  as  a  preacher  and  beloved  as  a  pastor.  His  earnest 
piety  was  a  subject  of  remark  long  after  his  decease. — Rev.  Dr.  Chs.  Scott. 
"Amst.  Cor." 

The  chaplain  of  a  Massachusetts  regiment  in  the  French  and  Indian 
War,  records  in  his  diary,  that  on  July  4,  1758,  he  dined  with  Domine 
Vrooman,  predikant  in  Schenectady,  and  states  that  he  was  "in  height,  six 
feet  four  and  a  half  inches,  and  every  way  large  in  proportion;  preaches 
without  notes,  with  little  premeditation;  explains  a  text  in  the  morning  and 
preaches  divinity  in  the  afternoon.  The  people  here  attend  their  public 
religious  services  with  great  devotion.     In  morals  they  are  not  so  exact." 

Wabeke,  Cornelius,  b.  in  Zeeland,  .Mich..  1854:  H.C.  74.  H.S  77-  he.  CI. 
Holland;  Marion,  77-80.  d.  Feb.  21.  See  Sketches  in  "Ch.  Int.."  Mar. 
18  and  25,  1880. 

(VVack,  Casper,  b.  1752;  Tohicken,  Indian  Field,  and  Great  Swamp,  Pa., 
1771-3.  the  same  Nacomixen,  1773-82,  German  Valley.  Fox  Hill,  and 
Rockaway,  N.J.,  1782-1809;  also  supplied,  at  th:s  time,  Stillwater,  Hard- 
wick,  and  Knovvlton,  N.J.,  Germantown  and  Whitemarsh,  Pa.,  1809- 21, 
Whitemarsh,  21-3,  d.  1839.  Of  these  then  Ger.  Ref.  Chs.  Fox  Hill 
is  now  Presbyterian,  and  Rockaway  is  the  Ref.  D.  Ch.  of  Lebanon.) 

Some  accounts  continue  him  at  Lebanon  until  1813. 
His  father,  John  George  Wack,  came  to  Philadelphia  in  1748,  from  Wit- 
tenberg, his  native  place.  Besides  Casper,  another  son,  John  Jacob,  en- 
tered the  ministry,  having  labored  in  the  Reformed  (Dutch)  Church  at 
Fort  Plain.  Casper  studied  under  Dr.  Weyberg,  beginning  in  his  eleventh 
year.  His  talents  were  remarkable.  He  received  calls  at  the  early  age 
of  eighteen  (1770),  but  his  licensure  and  ordination  were  deferred  till  the 
Classis  in  Holland  could  be  consulted.  Very  favorable  reports  were  sent 
over  concerning  him.  He  was  invited  to  visit  Europe,  without  expense, 
but  declined.  He  was  very  extensively  useful  in  New  Jersey  (Somerset, 
Morris,  and  Hunterdon  Counties),  having  a  very  large  field  among  the 
Germans  who  had  settled  there  as  early  as  1707.     These  people  had  fled 


THE    MINISTRY.  S89 

from  Rhenish  Prussia  to  Holland  in  1705,  and  in  1707  embarked  for  New 
York.  Adverse  winds  took  them  to  Philadelphia,  and  in  crossing  New 
Jersey  they  were  attracted  by  the  beautiful  valleys,  and  settled  there. 
Hence  Germantown,  German  Valley,  etc.  Most  of  their  descendants  have 
passed  into  Presbyterian  and  Reformed  (Dutch)  churches,  since  German 
ministers  could  not  be  supplied  them  from  Pennsylvania.  (See  ''Minutes 
of  CI.  New  Brunswick,"  1813.)  He  was  a  man  of  great  physical  elasticity 
and  agility.  He  had  no  taste  for  speculative  theology,  but  was  eminently 
practical.  His  perceptions  were  quick,  his  wit  keen,  and  his  conversation 
exceedingly  sprightly ;  he  was  resolute,  energetic,  and  persevering.  With 
advancing  age  he  would  not  cease  preaching,  until  infirmities  compelled 
him.  He  was  a  man  of  prayer,  and  had,  in  all  his  declining  years,  full 
assurance  of  faith.  He  reached  the  age  of  87.  He  was  a  warm  patriot  in 
the  Revolution.  (His  son,  Geo.  Wack,  spent  his  whole  ministry  in  G.R.C.) 
— "Harbaugh's  Lives,"  ii.  406.     "Dubbs,"  323. 

Wack,  Chs.  P.  (grandson  of  Casper  Wack);  N.B.S.  1829;  Caroline,  31, 
Bellona,  31-5,  Lebanon,  35-40,  Trenton,  1st,  41-4  (G.R.C),  45-52, 
d.  1866. 

Publications:  Sketches  of  prominent  ministers  in  R.D.C.  MSS. — 
See  "Sprague's  Annals"  R.D.C,  p.  iv. 

Wack,  John  J.  (brother  of  Casper  Wack),  b.  in  Philadelphia,  June  14. 
1774;  studied  with  his  brother;  (Amwell,  N.J.,  1798-1803,  also  supplied 
Knowlton  (Stillwater)  and  Hardwick),  1798-1805,  Fort  Plain  (Cana- 
joharie),  and  Stone  Arabia,  1803-14,  suspended,  1816;  (independent. 
Canajoharie,  and  Stone  Arabia,  1816-27;  preached  in  the  independent 
church  at  Tillaborough  for  several  years;  d.  at  Ephratah.  N.Y.,  May 
26,  1851). 

He  studied  theology  with  his  brother  Casper,  while  the  latter  was  settled 
in  German  Valley,  N.  J.  His  churches  on  the  Mohawk  were  originally  Ger- 
man, but  were  finally  brought  into  the  Dutch  communion.  During  his 
chaplaincy  in  the  army  of  the  North,  his  churches  fell  into  disorder,  and 
ultimately  he  stood  as  an  independent  minister,  over  two  churches,  on  the 
Mohawk. 

He  was  a  man  of  commanding  personal  appearance,  rather  above  the  or- 
dinary stature,  and  proportionately  heavy  and  full  in  his  corporeal  develop- 
ment. His  eye  and  countenance  were  expressive  of  a  certain  undauntedness 
of  character,  mingled  with  much  vivacity  and  humor ;  and  when  he  opened 
his  mouth  to  speak,  you  were  not  disappointed  in  these  indications.  He  was 
a  ready  and  fluent  speaker  in  both  German  and  English.  He  was  prompt 
and  decided  in  action,  once  during  the  war  (of  1812)  taking  the  sword  of 
the  commanding  officer,  and  compelling  the  men  to  obedience,  when  the 
officer,  had  failed. 

He  was  remarkably  popular  and  influential,  yet  somewhat  rarely  unfortu- 
nate. He  became  intemperate,  and  though  suspended,  continued  to  exer- 
cise the  ministry  until  his  death.  His  churches  refused  to  have  their  pul- 
pits declared  vacant,   received   Mr.   Wack   in  their   houses,   and  bade  him 


89O  THE    MINISTRY. 

God-speed.  He  resembled  more  a  bishop  in  his  diocese  than  an  ordinary 
country  pastor.  He  was  the  last  of  the  ministers  of  the  old  Sand  Hill 
church  of  Canajoharie,  the  church  parsonage  and  glebe  having  been  sold 
to  pay  claims  for  salary. — "'Harbaugh's  Lives."  ii.  406. 

Wacker,  Geo.  Gottfried,  b.  Newark.  X.J..  July  4.  1875;  Bloomfield  Sem. 
98,  lie.  and  ord.  by  Presbyt.  of  Newark;  Assist,  pastor  in  Ger.  ch. 
Ave.  B,  N.Y.C.,  Feb.,  99-Oct.,  1900,  St.  Peter's,  Brooklyn,  1900 

Wadsworth,  Charles,  b.  in  Litchfield,  Ct,  May  8.  1814;  U.C  37,  PS.  40; 
(Troy,  2d,  Presbyt.,  42-50,  Philadelphia,  Arch  st.,  50-62,  Calvary  ch., 
San  Francisco,  Cal.,  62-9);  Ret.  D.  ch.,  Philadelphia.  69-73;  (Im- 
manuel  Presbyterian  Ch.  formed  by  the  attempted  union  of  the  3d 
R.D.C.  and  the  Western  Presbyt.  Ch.,  73-76.  The  R.D.  Ch.  being 
separated  by  law,  the  adherents  of  Dr.  Wadsworth  were  invited  by 
the  Clinton  St.  Church  to  worship  with  them,  76-8;  their  formal  union 
took  place  in  1878,  under  the  name  of  the  Clinton  Street  Immanuel  Ch., 
79-82.     Dr.  W.  died,  1882,  Apr.  1st. 

In  1873,  during  his  pastorate  of  the  3d  Reformed  Dutch  Church  in 
Philadelphia  (situated  on  the  corner  of  Tenth  and  Filbert  streets,  and 
known  as  the  Bethune  Church),  that  congregation  resolved  to  unite  with  the 
Western  Presbyterian  Church,  under  the  name  of  Immanuel  Presbyterian 
Church.  This  led  to  a  protracted  legal  contest,  1873-75.  It  was  finally 
decided  that  the  church  edifice  and  other  property  could  not  be  carried 
into  different  ecclesiastical  connection,  but  must  "remain,  in  fulfillment 
of  the  trust  established  by  its  founders,  'a  temple  for  the  worship  of 
Almighty  God  after  the  order  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  of  North 
America.'  "  It  was  the  effort  to  carry  this  church  forcibly  out  of  the 
Reformed  Dutch  denomination,  and  its  acceptance  by  the  Presbytery  of 
Philadelphia  which  was  largely  responsible  for  the  defeat  of  the  attempt 
at  union  of  the  two  denominations  in  1874.  The  union  tide  was  then  run- 
ning very  strong,  and  the  expectation  of  successfully  uniting  the  two 
bodies  was  very  great.  The  General  Synod  met  in  Poughkecpsie.  in  1874, 
and  the  debate  was  there  carried  on.  (See  speeches  in  full,  in  the  "Chris- 
tian Intelligencer,"  June  and  July,  1874.)  Rev.  11  D.  Ganse's  speech  for 
union  was  a  remarkable  effort,  and  is  worthj  of  special  publication  as  a 
classic  on  this  subject.  Party  feeling  ran  high.  Tt  was  generally  under- 
stood at  the  time  that  the  report  of  the  efforts  made  to  transfer  this  3d 
church,  in  rather  an  arbitrary  manner,  defeated  the  effort  for  the  re 
appointment  of  the  committee  to  take  measures  to  consummate  the  union 

Dr.  Wadsworth  was  an  earnest  and  eloquent  preacher,  and  in  his  palmy 
days  had  few  equals  in  the  pulpit.  He  always  came  to  his  Sabbath  minis- 
trations thoroughly  prepared,  with  his  mind  and  heart  deeply  imbued  with 
his  subject,  and  his  whole  soul  intent  on  so  presenting  the  truth  as  to 
reach  the  hearts  and  consciences  of  his  hearers.  In  later  years  his  de- 
livery was  rendered  less  effective  by  some  partial  failure  of  the  vocal 
organs,  but  his  discourses  never  lost  their  freshness  or  vigor.  His  later 
sermons  were  characterized  by  the  same  beautiful  imagery  and  brilliancy 
of  thought  that  made  his  ministry  co  popular  a  quarter  of  a  century  before. 


THE    MINISTRY. 


891 


Dr.  Wadsworth  was  a  lineal  descendant  of  Joseph  Wadsworth,  who 
secreted  the  Charter  of  the  Connecticut  Colony  in  the  famous  Charter  Oak 
at  Hartford.)  D.D.  by  See  "Minutes  of  the  Classis  of  Philadel- 
phia," 1873,  onward.  "Minutes  of  Gen.  Syn.,"  1873,  615,  617,  721,  and  on- 
ward for  many  years.  See  case  of  3d  Ref.  Ch.,  Philadelphia;  Master's 
Report  and  Exceptions;  8vo,  pp.  42.  1873.  (In  Court  of  Common  Pleas; 
in  Equity.) 

Publications:  "Christian  Influence:  Grace  and  Works  United." 
1858. — -"Mother's  Sorrow":  Disc,  to  Young  Men.  1865. — "America's  Mis- 
sion": a  Thanksgiving  Disc. — "Thankfulness  and  Character":  Two 
Discs. — "Politics  in  Religion." — Thanksgiving  Sermon.  1861. — Ser.  on 
Death  of  Chs.  Lyman,  Esq.     1848.     A  volume  of  Sermons,  1869. 

Wagner,  John  Martin,  b.  at  Flonheim,  111   the   Palatinate,  July  8,   1826,  c. 
to  America  44,  R.C.  53,  N.B.S.  56,  1.  CI.  N.Y.,  Silver  Creek,  111.,  56-61, 
S.S.  at   West  Leyden,  62-03,   Melrose  63-66,   Ger.   Evang.,   Brooklyn, 
E.D.,  66-94,  d.  Jan.  21. 
His  name  and  memory  will  always  be  associated  with  the  heroic  work 
he  did  in  Brooklyn,  as  a  preacher  and   pastor,  first  reorganizing  an  old 
church  which  had  been  independent,  and  building  it  up  to  great  strength; 
an  achievement  which  involved  the  erection  of  a  large  and  costly  house  of 
worship;  and  secondly,  rescuing  from  the  verge  of  dissolution  a  new  enter- 
prise which  had  been  sadly  mismanaged.     He  was  devoted  to  the  evangeli- 
zation of  his  own  German  people.     He  also  gave  much  of  his  time  and 
strength  to  the  interests  of  a  Home  for  the  Aged,  founded  by  the  Evangel- 
ical churches  of  Brooklyn  and  New  York.     His  genial,  cheerful  disposi- 
tion, his  sparkling  wit  and  humor,   but  above  all   his   Christian   honesty, 
combined  with  manly  courage  in  defending  the  truth  and  the  right,  en- 
deared him  to  all.— "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1894,  218.— "Biog.  Notices  Grads. 
R.C,"  1894,  22. 

Walden,   Islay    (colored;,   N.B.S.    1879,  lie.   and  ord.   by   CI.   N.B.  July   I, 

1879;    evangelist   at   Lassater   Mills,    N.C.,   79-84.    d.     See   "Ch.    Int.," 

Nov.  11,   1880,  p.  9. 

Waldron,   Chs.    Newman,   b.  Albany,   N.Y.,   Dec.  25,   1821    (?);   U.C.  40, 

P.S.  49  (S.S.  East  Hampton,  N.Y.,  49)  ;  ord.  CI.  Watervliet,  Oct.  3, 

1849;    Cohoes,    49-79,    SS.    Hillsdale,    Mich.,    7981.     Died   at    Detroit, 

Mar.  2,  1888.     D.D.  by  U.C.  1871. 

He  was  a  man  of  marked  ability,  good  attainments  in  knowledge,  devoted 

to  his   work,  an  interesting  sermon  writer    and  rapid  speaker.     His  style 

was  clear,  crisp  and  incisive.     He  was  an  earnest  and  diligent  student  of 

the  Scriptures,  with  which  his  discourse  was  richly  imbued.     His  sermons 

were  prepared  with  conscientious  care,  were  clear  and  cogent  in  presenting 

the  truth,  striking  often  with  illustrations  which  his  fine  culture  and  wide 

and  various  reading  enabled  him  to  gather,  thoroughly  evangelical  in  tone, 

direct  and   forcible  in   application,  and  glowing  with  an  earnestness   that 

yearned  to  persuade  men  in  Christ's  stead  to  be  reconciled  to  God.     These 

were  qualities  that  made  his  preaching  fresh  and  edifying  to  the  close  of 


892  THE    MINISTRY. 

his  earthly  work.  His  pastorate  at  Cohoes  was  thirty  years.  During  that 
period  Cohoes  rapidly  grew  in  population ;  its  manufacturing  interests 
became  extensive.  Larger  church  accommodations  were  required,  and  con- 
sequently a  new  and  commodious  church  edifice  was  erected.  The  num- 
ber of  families  in  attendance  and  communicants  greatly  increased  during 
his  ministrations.  The  church  became  a  power  in  the  city.  Mr.  Waldron  was 
a  delightful  companion  in  his  home,  loved  by  his  congregation,  and  es- 
teemed highly  by  the  citizens. — "Mints.  Gen.   Syn.,"  1888,  682. 

Publication  :     Address  at  Quarter-Century  Anniversary  of  Settlement 
of  Dr.  I.  N.  Wyckoff,  of  Albany.     1862. 

Wales,   E.  Vine,   from   Otsego    Presbytery,    1859;    Spraker's   Basin,   59-61; 

died  1878. 
Wall.  John  J.   (possibly  the  same  as  Wack),  1.  1803;  Stone  Arabia,  1803. 

Walser,  Oliver  Harris,  b.  Tompkinsville,  S.I.,   1856,  R.C.  75,  N.B.S.  78, 
1.  CI.  N.Y.;  studying  theology  in  Edinburgh,  Bonn  and  Leipzig,  78-81, 

Boonton,  81-2,  Prospect  Hill,  83-8,  Jamaica,  88-90,  Cohoes,  1891 

Also  supplying  Boght,   1893 —         D.D.  by  R.C.  1900. 
Walter,  Andrew  Judson,  b.  Warrington,  Bucks  Co.,  Pa.,  Apr.  12,  1869; 

R.C.  97,  N.B.S.  1900,  1.  CI.  N.B.  ;  Gallatin,  X.Y.,  1900— 
Ward,  Henry.     U.C.  1864,  N.B.S.  1867,  1.  CI.  Schenectady,  New  Hacken- 

sack,  1867-87,  Closter,  1887- — 

Ward,  John   Win.,  b.   New  York   City,  June  20,    1801  ;   C.N.J.    1821.    P.S. 

1821-3,  ord.   Presb.   Cayuga,  Jan.  31,  24;    (Union,  Broome  Co.,   N.Y. 

(Presb.)    24-31),   New    Prospect,   32-7,    Naponoch,   39"4i,   Upper   Red 

Ib.ok,  41-5,  Greenpoint,   49-54,   vv.  c.     Died  at  Railway,  N.J.,  Sept.  4, 

1859 

His   father  was  Gen.  Jasper  Ward,   from  whom  Ward's  Island  in  the 

East  River  takes  its  name,  it  having  been  his  property  for  a  time,  before 

it  was  acquired  by  the  City  of  New  York.  Mr.  Ward  was  the  first  Presb. 

pastor  of  Union,  it  having  been  a  Dutch  church  since  1794,  and  was  the 

first  church  organized  through   the  domestic   missionary  operations,  after 

the  Revolution.    He  became  greatly  attached  to  the  Dutch  Ch.  and  formed 

warm   friendships    among    its    people.     He  was    greatly   instrumental     in 

building  up   the  Greenpoint    church    into   comparative   strength.      He    was 

dignified  in  manner,  precise  in  speech,   careful   in   all   affairs,   and  greatly 

beloved  by  all.     After  a  communion  service  he  was  stricken  with  paralysis 

of  the  throat,  which  disabled  him  from   further  service. 

WARD,  William   Davis  (son  .if  Henry  Ward),  b.   New  ilackcnsack,  N.  Y., 

June  16,  1869;  R.C.  90,  N.B.S.  93,  1.  CI.  Bergen;  Kiskatom,   [893-1902, 

Oyster  Bay,  1902 

Waring,  Hart  E.,  b.   Wesl    Hyde   Park.   Ulster  Co.,   X.  Y.,  Mar.  12,  1811; 

R.C.  33,  N.B.S.  36,  1.  CI.  Ulster;  supplied  Berne,  2d,  36-38,  and  Law- 

yersville,   39-40,    Miss,    to   Grand   Rapids,    1840-3    (Presbyt.)  ;   supplied 

churches.    Died  Ap.  20,  [897. 

He   was   accepted   and   ordained  as   a    foreign    missionary   by  the   CI.  of 

i.  but  lack  of  funds  prevented  his  going.    He  visited  churches  in  the 


THE    MINISTRY.  89J 

interest  of  missions,  and  supplied  churches  during  the  greater  part  of  his 
life.  Meantime,  he  bought  a  farm,  in  1854.  near  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  and 
here  he  made  his  home.    See  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  of  R.C.,"  1897,  7. 

Warner,  Alexander  H.,  b.  1803,  N.B.S.  12,  Clarkstown,  32-7,  Hackensack, 
1st,  1837-65,  chaplain  of  State  Prison.  Trenton,  68-77,  w.  c.  Died 
1882.  Aug.  22. 

He  enjoyed  uninterrupted  health,  during  the  whole  of  his  long  life,  and 
was  only  ill  for  a  few  days  before  he  died.  As  a  preacher  he  was  emi- 
nently scriptural  and  emphatically  orthodox.  His  sermons,  which  were 
usually  preached  without  manuscript,  were  lucid  in  their  expression  and 
arrangement,  and  their  effect  enhanced  by  an  unusually  clear,  full  voice 
and  distinct  enunciation.  His  character  was  marked  by  firmness  and 
fidelity:  and,  though  constitutionally  somewhat  undemonstrative,  he  was 
agreeable  and  genial  in  private  life,  and  during  his  last  years  evinced  the 
mellowing  influence  so  often  observed  in  those  who  "come  to  their  grave 
in  a  full  age,  like  as  a  shock  of  corn  cometh  in  his  season." 

Warner,  Alex.  M.     N.B.S.  1830. 

Warner,  Isaac  W.     N.B.S.  r86o,  I.  S.  CI.  N.Y.  i860. 

Warnshuis,  Abbe  Livingston  (son  of  John  Wm.  Warnshuis),  b.  Clymer, 
N.Y.,  Nov.  22,  1877;  H.C.  97,  N.B.S.  1900.  1.  CI.  Grand  River;   Miss. 

to  Amoy,  China,   1900 

Warnshuis,    Henry    W.,    lie.     CI.     Cayuga.     1877:     Naumberg    and     New 
Bremen.   77-8o.  West   Leyden,  80.   Lennox.   Dak.    (S.S.)   81-2,   Dakota 
and  Turner,  82-3,  Turner  and  Centreville,  Dak.,  85-91.   (Presbyt.) 
Warnshuis,  John  Wm.,  b.  Prov.  Guelderland,  Neths..  Nov.  23.   1840;  R.C. 
65.  N.B.S.  68,  lie.  and  ord.  by  CI.  Geneva:  Cleveland  O..  68-71,  Marion, 
N.Y..  71-6,  Clymer   (Abbe  ch.),  76-8.  Alton,   la.,  78-87:   N.Y.C.    (Hoi. 
ch.)   87-8.  Alton,  la..  88-91.  Chicago   (Gano  ch.).  91-5.  Grand  Rapids, 
4th,  95-1900,  Kalamazoo.  3d.  June,  1900-1901,  d.  Mar.  6. 
He  came  to  United  States  with  his  parents  when  four  years  of  age.    He 
was  distinctively  a  builder  of  churches  during  all  his  pastoral  career.  He 
was  possessed  of  a  magnetic  personality,  a  broad  spirit  of  brotherhood,  a 
manner   and    speech    which    provoked    not    only   the    interest,   but    the   co- 
operation of  all  with  whom  he  came  in  contact.     This,  coupled  with  a  true 
scholarliness,  a  keen  intellect  and  a  profound  faith,  made  him  not  only  a 
leader,  but  a  builder  up  of  both   men  and  churches.     He  went  not  where 
ambition,  but  where  opportunity  called.     As  soon  as  he  found  his  church 
on  firm  foundations,  he  would  leave  it  for  a  weaker  one.  broken  in  finances 
or   rent   with   dissension.     His   career   was   a   series   of   self-sacrifices   and 
successes.     He  was  one  of  the  foremost  sympathizers  in  the  cause  of  the 
Boers  in  South  Africa  (1900-1),  and  was  vice-president  of  the  Kalamazoo 
Branch  of  the  Transvaal  League.     He  was  a  leader  in  all  the  great  moral 
questions  of  the  day.    As  a  preacher,  he  was  faithful  and  earnest,  holding 
forth  in  its  simple  purity,  the  Word  of  Life.    A  man  of  large  capacity,  he 
spent  himself  in  the  service  of  others.     See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1901,  1251. 
— "Biog.  Notices,  Grads.  R.C,"  1901,   13. 


894  THE    MINISTRY, 

Water  mi:  elder,    L.     Ebenezer   Ch.,    Oregon.    111.,    1874-86,    Forreston,    111. 

86-7,  Lennox,  S.  D.  91-4,  Forreston,  94-9.  Buffalo  Centre,  la.   1899 

Watermuelder,  Gustavus  L.,  b.  Sheboygan,  Wis.,  Oct.  2,  1874;  H.C.  97, 

N.B.S.  1900,  1.  CI ;  Oyster  Bay,  1900-1,  Fairvicw,  1902 

Waters,  David,  b.  at  Harland,   Scotland,  Jan.   18,   1828.     Toronto  Univer- 
sity, 55-9;  studied  theology  in  the  Divinity  Hall  of  United  Presb.  Ch. ; 
came  to  Canada,  1840.    (Southampton  and  Dumblane,  61-3,  Port  Hope. 
63-8,  St.  Mary's,  68-73,  St.  David's  Ch.  at  St.  John's,  N.  B..  73-81  ;  all 
in  Canada)  ;  Newark,  N.  J.  (North)  81-93.  Died  Aug.  4.  1897.     LL.B. 
by  Univ.  Toronto,  1869.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1870. 
In    1840   his   father    removed    from    Scotland   to    Canada,    where    David 
worked  on  a  farm.     Although  his  schooling  had  been  limited,  he  was  al- 
ways studious.    Before  entering  the  university  he  spent  several  years  in 
teaching.      During   his   ministry   in   Canada   he   took  an   active   interest   in 
educational  matters.    He  was  Superintendent  of  Schools  in  Southampton 
and  Port  Hope,  and  Inspector  of  Schools  in  St.  Mary's,  and  at  the  same 
time   a   member   of  the   Board  of   Education   of   their    respective  counties. 
For  several  years  he  was  Secretary  of  the  Home  Mission  Committee  of 
the  Canada  Presbyterian  Church,  and  during  another  period  Secretary  of 
the  Committee  of   Bills  and   Overtures  of  the  General   Assembly  of  the 
same  church.     His  business  aptitude  was  made  available  in  similar  ways 
in  the  Reformed  Church.     He  was  a  member  of  the  Councils  of  the  Alli- 
ance of  the  Reformed  Churches  at  Belfast  in   1884,  at  London,   1888,  at 
Toronto,  1892,  and  at  Glasgow,  1896,  and  was  one  of  the  two  secretaries 
at  Toronto  and  Glasgow.     At  the  time  of  his  death  he   was  Recording 
Secretary  of  the  Western  Section  of  the  Alliance.     He  also  rendered  valu- 
able services  as  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Domestic  Missions  of  the  Re- 
formed Church,  and  as  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Superintendents  of  the 
New  Brunswick  Theological  Seminary. 

He  was  a  correct  and  well-read  theologian,  a  distinguished  linguist,  an 
able  preacher,  a  painstaking  and  diligent  pastor.  He  was  well-read  in 
almost  every  department  of  literature,  and  made  historical  research  a 
constant  study.  He  was  thoroughly  conversant  with  Church  law  and  the 
business  of  Church  courts,  in  which  lie  took  an  active  part,  and  where  his 
keen  debating  powers  were  often  exercised.  His  contributions  to  the  Pan- 
Presbyterian  volumes,  to  the  "Scottish- American  Journal,"  where  he  fre- 
quently wrote  under  the  name  of  "Orlig  Harland,"  and  other  journals, 
stamped  him  a  ready,  pungent  and  most  entertaining  writer,  and  indicated 
rare  gifts  in  this  department  had  he  seen  fit  to  make  it  the  work  of  his 
life.  All  that  he  did,  he  did  well.  The  high  stand  taken  by  him  in  the 
University  of  Toronto  more  than  fulfilled  the  expectation  of  his  friends 
in  the  brilliant  career  of  his  future  life— a  life  that  promised,  in  the  ma- 
turity of  its  powers,  even  better  work  than  he  had  yet  accomplished  or 
attempted.  This  much  may  be  said,  as  he  appeared  to  the  Church  and  to 
the  world. 

But  to  his  intimate  friends,  who  knew  him  as  he  was  in  private  life, 
there  was  something  still  more  attractive.  He  was  a  most  tender-hearted 
man;   open-hearted   in   his   liberality;   never  cherishing  animosity  toward 


"THE    MINISTRY.  895 

an  opponent,  ever  ready  to  help  the  young  and  inexperienced,  and  assist 
in  any  enterprises  that  had  for  their  aim  the  welfare  of  humanity.  Dr. 
Waters,  on  the  platform  and  in  the  church  courts,  only  showed  one  part 
•of  his  character,  and  that,  as  in  the  case  of  public  men,  not  always  the 
most  attractive.  But  in  his  home  and  in  the  circle  of  intimate  friends 
the  human  and  lovable  predominated.  He  was  the  ideal  of  honor,  and 
■could  not  stoop  to  any  action  that  savored  of  meanness.  This  led  him  at 
times  to  denounce  in  no  measured  terms  the  conduct  of  men  both  in 
•Church  and  State  who  sought  to  promote  their  own  interests  or  those  of 
party  beyond  the  common  good. 

He  was  a  man  of  stalwart  independence,  vigorous  thought  and  speech 
combined  with  unusual  candor,  honesty  of  purpose  and  consecration  to 
truth  and  duty.  There  were  not  many  in  any  Church  possessed  of  such 
a  variety  of  gifts  as  Dr.  Waters.     See  also  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1898,  230. 

Watkins,  John  E..  b.  at  Hamptonburgh,  Orange  Co.,  N.Y.,  1828 ;  R.C.  57. 

N.B.S.  60,  1.  CI.  Bergen:  sailed  for  China  in  the  ship  "Edwin  Forrest" 

in  Aug.,  i860.     She  was  never  heard  of  again  after  leaving  New  York. 

See  Manual  of  1879. 
Watson,  Alexander,  b.  Sept.  6.  1805 :  1.  CI.  Westchester,  1857 ;  Bible  Agent ; 

ord.  by  same  Classis,  Sept.  6,  1880.     Died  Oct.  14,  1885. 

For  many  years  he  was  a  colporteur  in  the  worst  districts  of  New  York ; 
for  nearly  thirty  years  a  licentiate  of  the  Classis  of  Westchester.  On  his 
seventy-fifth  birthday  he  was  ordained  to  the  full  ministry. 

Watson,  Chs.  S.     S.S.  Belmont,  96-7. 

W^atson,  John,  b.  near  Strabane,  County  Tyrone,  Ireland.  1810;  c.  to  Amer- 
ica, 31;  R.C.  38,  N.B.S.  41,  lie.  CI.  NY. ;  Athens,  41-4,  Flatbush  (Ul- 
ster Co.),  44-7.  (Presbyt.  Amsterdam  and  Harlem,  Ohio,  1847-50, 
Harlem  and  Bloomfield,  O.,  50-64),  d.  April  22.     See  Manual  of  1879- 

Watson,  Thos  G.,  b.  Aug.  11,  1836.  Geneva,  N.Y. ;  Hob.  C.  57,  N.B.S.  61, 
1.  CI.  Geneva;  Cato,  61-2,  Cato  and  Wolcot,  62-5.  Cato,  65-9,  Brighton 
Heights,  69-71,   (Presbyterian.)     Died  Nov.,  1900. 

Wayenberg,  Peter,  b.  at  Nunspect,  Neths..  Feb.  19,  1856,  c.  to  America  in 

his  boyhood,  H.C.  55,  W.S.  88,  i.  CI.  of   ;   Pultneyville,  88-90, 

Maurice,  90-1893,  d.  Aug..  5.     See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1894.  209. 

Weber,  Herman  Charles  (son  of  Rev.  Jacob  Weber),  b.  Mina,  Chautau- 
qua Co.,  N.Y.,  1873;  R.C.  95,  N.B.S.  98,  He.  S.  CI.  L.I. ;  West  Farms, 
98-1902,  assistant,  West  End  Collegiate  Ch.,  N.Y.C.,  1902 

Weber,  Jacob.  Mina  Corners,  1871-4,  West  Leyden.  74-9,  Brooklyn,  New, 
79-93,  Superintendent  of  Offile  Orphanage,  East  Williamsburgh,  L.I., 
93-5,  S.S.  at  Ridgewood.  L.I.,  95-1897. 

Webster,  William   Stuart  Cross    (son  of  Rev Webster),  b.   at 

Baltimore,  Md.,  Sept.  12,  1844,  C.N.J.  64,  P.S.  69,  lie.  by  Presb.  of 
Luzerne,  Pa. ;  (Weatherly,  Pa.  72-5,  Port  Jefferson,  77-85,  Islip,  N.Y. 
85-97,  all  Presbyt.),  Bronxville,  1897- ■ 

"Weeksteen,  Johannes,  b.  about  1643 ;  matriculated  at  Leyden  University, 
Oct.   10,   1644,  aged   16;  residence  Leiden;   no   subject  of  study  given. 


896 


THE    MINISTRY. 


Matriculated  again  at  Leyden  University,  Feb.  27.  1674.  aged  30,  for 
the  study  of  Theology.  No  residence  given.  Kingston,  N.Y.,  1681-7, 
d.  Mar.  17. 

The  first  allusion  to  him  on  the  '•.Mints,  of  Classis  of  Amsterdam"  is 
as  foll<  iws : 

ACTS    OF   THE   CLASSIS    OF    AMSTERDAM. 

Rev.  Weeksteen,  Candidate. 

[681,  May  5th.  Rev.  John  Weeksteen.  S.S.  Theologiae  Candidatus,  at 
present  Latin  schoolmaster  at  Haerlem,  exhibited  good  testimonials,  and 
asked  to  be  received  among  the  "Recommended"  for  the  churches  in  for- 
eign lands,  particularly  those  in  New  Netherland.  This  was  granted  him, 
after  he  had  previously  given  a  proof  of  his  gifts  to  the  satisfaction  of  this 
Assembly.    He  also  signed  the  usual  formulae  of  Concord,   vii.  297.   xix.  201. 

Call  of  Rev.   Weeksteen. 

The  Rev.  Deputati  ad  res  Maritimas  represented  that  through  the  death 
of  Rev.  Laurentius  Gaasbeeck,  the  churches  in  Esopus,  situated  in  New 
Netherland,  had  become  vacant  and  that  another  minister  was  desired, 
and  requested  in  his  place.  They  promised  to  provide  him  with  a  free 
dwelling  house  and  600  bushels  of  wheat,  yearly,  for  his  support.  The 
Rev.  Classis  took  this  under  further  consideration,  and  resolved  to  pro- 
ceed without  delay  to  the  making  of  a  nomination.  They  put  forward,  to 
this  end,  Rev.  John  Weeksteen,  candidate  at  Haerlem.  and  Rev.  Peter 
Pavo,  who  formerly  served  as  chaplain  in  the  country'1-  navy. 

Of  these  two  persons  there  was  elected  and  called,  unanimously.  Rev. 
John  Weeksteen.  He  was  informed  of  this  call,  and  was  content  with  the 
same,  so  that  the  final  examination  was  instituted.  Me  was  examined  on 
the  several  articles  (if  the  Christian  Religion,  and  did  so  acquit  himself 
that  this  Rev.  Assembly  did  gladly  lay  hands  upon  him.  and  ordain  him 
to  the  ministry  of  the  churches  in   EsopUS.     vii.   _'<r^     xix.  202. 

Cor.  H.  Van  Gaasbeek,  of  Kingston,  has  a  portrait  of  him. 

Weidman,  Paul.  b.  1788;  U.C.  1818.  N.B.S.  _-o.  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Schoharie, 
20-36.  Manheim,  37-41.  again,  41-50:  died  [852.     See  Manual  of  1879. 

Publication:    Charge  t"  Rev.  E.  P.  Stimpson.    "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  iv.  172.. 

Weiland,  K.  P..  1  Vila.  3d,  [860-6,  Parkersburo.  80-3,  Lennox.  Dak..  84-6, 
Classical  Missionary,  Sheldon,   la.   1886. 

Weiss,  Edward  M.  X.P..S.  1x5a  1.  CI.  Bergen.  185.);  (Paterson,  Presbyt., 
[859  66.) 

\\  <  iss,  George  Michael,  born  at  Eppingen,  in  the  Palatinate,  1700:  matricu- 
lated at  Heidelberg  University,  <  let.  18.  1718.  as  student  of  Philosophy; 
ordained  at  I  leidelber.tr.  [725;  arrived  in  America.  Sept.  18.  1727,  sent 
out  by  the  Palatinate  Consistory;  pa-tor  at  Philadelphia.  Skippack 
and  Germantown,  Pa.,  1727-31;  (in  Holland,  ten  months.  June.  1730- 
\pril,   1731);    Huntersville,   Schoharie  Co.,   N.Y.    17.-1  j:   Catskill  and" 


THE    MINISTRY.  897 

Coxsackie,  N.Y.  1732-36;  Burnetsfield  (German  Flats),  N.Y.,  1736-42, 
Rhinebeck,  N.Y.  1742-46;  Gosenhoppen,  Pa.  1746-62,  died. 
His  diploma  and  appointment  by  the  Palatinate  Consistory  are  dated 
May  1,  1727.  He  sailed  from  Rotterdam,  apparently,  without  coming  into 
communication  with  the  Ecclesiastical  Synods  or  Classes  in  Holland.  Four 
hundred  German  emigrants  came  over  in  the  same  vessel.  Boehm  had 
already,  before  this,  viz.,  in  1725,  although  unordained,  begun  to  preach 
in  Philadelphia;  but  Weiss,  being  an  ordained  minister,  at  once  installed 
a  Consistory  in  Philadelphia,  and  celebrated  the  Lord's  Supper.  He  also 
formally  organized  the  church  at  Skippack.  where  Boehm  had  also  offici- 
ated. In  1729  he  issued  a  little  book  from  the  press,  against  a  fanatical 
sect  called  the  "New-Born,"  who  were  believers  in  perfection,  etc.  Dr. 
Jedediah  Andrews,  the  Presbyterian  minister  of  Philadelphia  at  the  time, 
speaks  in  high  praise  of  him. 

In  1730  he  advertised  for  scholars  who  wished  to  be  taught  Logic, 
Natural  Philosophy  and  Metaphysics;  but  before  his  teaching  could  have 
taken  very  definite  shape,  he  went  on  his  mission  to  Europe,  leaving 
Boehm,  who  had  been  ordained  in  1729  by  the  Dutch  ministers  in  New 
York,  as  the  only  German  Reformed  minister  in  Pennsylvania.  Weiss 
accompanied  his  intimate  friend,  Jacob  Reiff,  an  elder  from  Skippack. 
The  two  congregations  had  given  authority  to  Reiff,  with  the  assistance 
of  Weiss,  to  collect  money  for  the  two  German  churches.  Reiff  acted  as 
treasurer;  and  in  case  Weiss  did  not  return,  Reiff  was  to  bring  another 
minister  back  with  him. 

Early  in  1728  the  Palatinate  Consistory  had  requested  the  Svnod  of 
South  Holland  to  look  after  the  welfare  of  the  Pennsylvania  churches,  on 
account  of  their  great  poverty.  That  Consistory  naturally  turned  to  'that 
Synod,  since  the  German  emigrants  sailed  from  Rotterdam,  which  was 
within  the  bounds  of  that  Synod.  Weiss  and  Reiff  arrived  in  Holland  just 
in  time  to  attend  the  Synod  of  Breda,  which  held  its  session  July  4-14, 
1730.  This  circumstance  was  very  favorable  to  their  mission.  Upon  the 
representations  of  Weiss  and  Reiff.  the  Deputies  of  that  Synod,  in  con- 
junction with  some  others,  made  a  Report  concerning  Pennsylvania,  which 
was  at  once  printed.  (For  full  Title,  see  below.)  This  Report  consisted 
of  two  parts.  I.  The  Report  (Berigt)  about  Pennsylvania ;  and  II.  Instruc- 
tions  (Onderrigtinge),  as  to  the  regulation  of  the  churches  there. 

I.  The  "Report"  gives  quite  an  elaborate  description  of  Pennsylvania, 
its  climate,  products,  minerals,  wild  beasts,  and  the  Indians  dwelling  there. 
It  then  refers  to  its  civil  history  under  the  Swedes,  and  the  purchase  by 
Penn;  that  its  population  of  30,000  (this  is  an  overestimate  for  1730  by 
about  one-half;  the  Germans  of  Pennsylvania  did  not  reach  that  number 
until  1752),  half  of  which  were  of  the  Reformed  faith,  were  without  re- 
ligious privileges,  and  many  went  over  to  the  Quakers. 

It  then  speaks  of  the  possibility  of  the  conversion  of  the  Indians,  and 
suggests  that  Pennsylvania  might  yet  become  an  Asylum  for  the  Holland- 
ers, if  they  should  again  be  subjected  to  perescutions.  It  also  says  that 
the  log  church  of  Skippack  ought  to  be  replaced  by  one  of  stone,  and  four 
additional  churches  ought  to  be  built. 


oQ°  THE    MINISTRY. 

II.  The  "Instruction"  relates  to  the  proper  organization  of  the  German 
churches  there.  That  Dutch  Synod  of  Breda  planned  large  things  for  the 
Germans  of  Pennsylvania.  It  proposed  a  complete  Church-Order  like  that 
of  Holland,  looking  forward  even  to  the  organization  of  Classes.  It  de- 
manded subscription  to  all  the  Standards  of  Doctrine  of  Holland,  including 
the  Canons  of  Dort. 

It  was  under  such  circumstances  and  conditions  that  the  Particular 
Synod  of  South  Holland  came  to  take  charge  of  the  German  churches  in 
Pennsylvania.  It  was  the  large  number  of  pastorless  people  of  the  Re- 
formed faith,  which  so  greatly  touched  the  hearts  of  the  Hollanders.  But 
Weiss  and  Reiff  also  solicited  help  in  the  Synod  of  North  Holland,  and 
especially  in  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  Here  also  they  were  successful, 
receiving  considerable  sums  of  money. 

Weiss  returned  home  about  May,  1731.  He  already  seems  to  have  had 
some  suspicion  that  Reiff  was  not  dealing  honorably  with  the  money.  Reiff 
remained  in  Holland  a  year  longer  than  Weiss,  and  was  speculating  with 
the  money.  After  his  return,  Weiss  soon  left  Philadelphia,  removed  to 
the  regions  of  the  Germans  in  Schoharie,  and  on  the  Hudson  and  the 
Mohawk.  His  going  among  these  Germans  as  the  first  Reformed  minister 
put  an  end  to  the  efforts  of  the  Church  of  England  to  proselyte  these 
Germans.  (Haeger,  J.  F. ;  Oehl,  J.  J.)  While  in  those  parts  of  New 
York,  he  also  did  mission  work  among  the  Indians,  especially  on  the 
Mohawk,  even  writing  a  book  about  them.  A  long  and  unpleasant  corre- 
spondence now  sprung  up  about  the  funds  in  Reiff's  hands.  Weiss  was 
completely  exonerated,  but  the  case  hung  fire  for  many  years,  and  was 
only  very  partially  settled  a  score  or  more  years  after  the  collection. 

See  Dr.  Good's  "Early  Fathers  of  Refd.  Ch.,"  1897;  also  his  "Hist,  of 
Ref.  Ch.  in  U.  S.,"  134- 143,  153-159-  See  also  Manual  of  1879.  Dr.  John 
B.  Thompson,  when  pastor  at  Catskill,  also  delivered  an  historical  address, 
having  many  allusions  to  Weiss  and  his  labors  on  the  Hudson.  It  is  a 
point  worthy  of  investigation  whether  the  visit  of  Weiss  to  Europe,  in 
1730,  had  anything  to  do  with  the  coming  of  Mancius  to  the  Germans  in 
1730.  There  is  probably  some  connection.  See  also  "Smith's  Rhinebeck"; 
and  Dr.  J.  B.  Drury's  "Hist,  of  Church  of  Rhinebeck." — Also  Prof. 
Hinke's  article  on  Weiss  in  "Ch.   Int.."   Nov.   16,   1898. 

I'i  blk  vnoNS:  "George  Michael  Weiss,  V.D.M.,  der  in  der  American- 
ischen  Wildniisz  unter  Menschen  von  verschiedenen  nationen  und  re- 
ligionen  hin  und  wieder  gewandelte  und  verschiedentlich  angefochtene 
Prediger.  Abgewahlet  und  vorgestellet  in  einem  Gespraech  mit  eineni 
Politico  und  Neugeboren  Verschiedene  Stuck,  insonderheit  die  Neugeburt 
betreffende.  Verfertigt  und  zu  Befoerderung  der  Ehr  Jesu  selbst  aus 
Eigener  Erfahrung  an  das  Licht  gebracht.  8vo.  Title  and  Hymn,  iii-v. 
pp.  29.     Pubd.  by  Andrew  Bradford,  Philadelphia,  1729. 

Or,  "George  Michael  Weiss,  V.D.M.,  the  minister  who  had  wandered 
ain<>ng  men  of  various  nationalities  and  religions,  and  who  has  been  at- 
tacked in  divers  ways.  Depicted  and  presented  in  a  dialogue,  with  a  pol- 
itical and  new-born  separatist,  treating  especially  of  the  New-Birth.  Com- 
posed and  brought  to  the  Light,  out  of  one's  own  Experience,  for  the  fur- 


THE    MINISTRY. 


therance  of  the  Honor  of  Jesus,  8vo.    Title  and  Hymn,  pp.  iii.-v;  pp.  29. 
Pubd.  by  Andrew  Bradford,   Philadelphia,   1729." 

Berigt  en  Onderrigtinge  nopens  en  aan  de  Colonie  en  Kerke  van  Pensyl- 
vanien.  Opgestelt  en  Uytgegeven  door  de  Gedeputeerden  van  E.  Christe- 
lyke  Synodus  van  Zuyd-Holland,  benevens  de  Gecommitteerden  van  de 
Classis  van  Delft  en  Delfsland,  en  Schieland.  i8mo.  pp.  18.  1731  ;  Or, 
"Report  and  Instruction  concerning  the  Colony  and  Church  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, prepared  and  published  by  the  Deputies  of  the  Rev.  Christian 
Synod  of  South  Holland,  together  with  the  Committees  of  the  Rev.  Classis 
of  Delft  and  Delftland  and  Schieland."     1731. 

Weiss  did  not  write  this  Report,  but  the  Deputies  wrote  it  on  informa- 
tion given  by  Weiss.  See  the  points  of  it,  above.  A  copy  of  this  was 
transcribed,  and  sent  by  Prof.  Buddingh  to  Rev.  Dr.  Thomas  De  Witt,  in 
1850.  Dr.  Good  had  photographic  copies  of  the  book  made  in  1898.— Een 
getrouwe  beschryving  der  wilden  in  Noord  Amerika,  aengaande  hunne 
persoonen,  eigenschappen,  natien,  taelen,  naemen,  huyzen,  Kleedasien,  ver- 
zierselen,  huywelken,  spijs,  drank,  huysgereedschap,  huyshonding,  jaegen, 
visschen  vechten,  superstitie.  politique,  regeering,  neevens  andere  mer- 
kisnaedige  zaken  opgestelt  uyteige  erwarenheit  van  Georg  Michael  Weiss. 
V.D.M.  Pp.  g6y2.  Albany,  1741.  Or,  "A  Faithful  Description  of  the  In- 
dians in  North  America;  concerning  their  persons,  qualities,  tribes,  lan- 
guages, names,  houses,  dress,  ornaments,  marriages,  food,  drink,  domestic 
implements,  housekeeping,  hunting,  fishing,  war,  superstitions,  political 
government,  besides  other  remarkable  matters,  composed  from  personal 
experience,"  by  George  Michael  Weiss,  V.D.M.  Pp.  g6y2.  Albany,  1741.— 
This  was  accompanied  by  a  small  painting  of  Indians,  men  and  women. 
Weissgotten,  Z.     1865. 

Welch,  Ransom  Bethune,  b.  Greenville,  Greene  Co.,  N.Y.,  Jan.  27,  1824: 
U.C.  46,  Andover  Sem.  48-50,  Auburn  Sem.  50-2,  lie.  by  Presbyt.  of 
Onondaga,  June  12,  1851 ;  Gilboa.  Dec.  54-6,  Catskill,  56-9,  traveling, 
59-60,  Albion  (a  few  months),  60.  writing,  etc.,  60-6,  Prof,  of  Logic, 
Rhetoric  and  Eng.  Lit.  in  Union  Coll.  66-76  (also  teaching  Meta- 
physics and  Political  Economy  part  of  this  time),  (Prof,  of  Christian 
Theology  in  Aub.  Sem.  76-90),  died.  D.D.  by  R.C.  and  U.N.Y.  1868. 
LL.D.  by  Maryville  Coll.  1872. 

Also  one  of  the  editors  of  "Presbyt.  Review,"  1881,  and  subsequently  of 
the  "Presbyt.  and  Reformed  Review." 

Induced  by  his  delicate  health,  he  spent  a  year  on  horseback  in  the  south, 
especially  in  Mississippi,  as  a  colporteur  of  the  American  Tract  Society. 
His  sales  of  books  were  unprecedented.  In  his  pastoral  charges  he  was 
abundantly  successful,  large  revivals  following  his  preaching,  in  Gilboa 
and  Catskill.  Excessive  labors  compelled  him  to  take  a  time  for  rest,  and 
he  spent  nearly  a  year  in  travel  in  Europe,  Egypt  and  Palestine  (July  2, 
1859-May  19,  i860).  He  was  well  equipped  to  get  the  most  from  such  a 
tour,  as  his  letters  to  the  "New  York  Herald"  and  "Tribune,"  the  "Chris- 
tian Intelligencer,"  the  "Independent,"  the  "Observer,"  the  "Evangelist," 
abundantly  testify.     His  wide  scholarship  is  evident  from  his  list  of  pub- 


900  THE    MINISTRY. 

lications  given  below.  In  the  Chair  of  Theology,  he  aimed  at  a  Christo- 
centric  system.  He  encouraged  questions  from  the  students.  He  never 
treated  doubt  harshly  or  trivially ;  but  he  sought  to  train  up  pastors  and 
preachers  rather  than  theologians.  He  subordinated  scholarship  to  Chris- 
tian discipleship.  Hence,  his  theological  teaching  was  not  detrimental  to 
vital  piety. 

He  represented  the  Presbyterian  Church  at  the  Alliances  at  Belfast, 
1884,  and  at  London,  1888.  He  was  a  member  of  the  General  Assembly's 
Committee  to  revise  the  proof-texts  of  the  Confession  of  Faith :  and  of 
the  Committee  on  the  Organic  Unity  of  the  Christian  Church. 

Three  characteristics,  as  a  teacher,  stood  out  prominently  in  him.  First, 
his  earnestness  for  the  truth.  Out  of  this  came  a  second  characteristic,  a 
conservative  caution.  Clearly  and  sharply  drawn,  in  his  own  thinking,  was 
the  line  between  revealed  and  speculative  truth.  In  regard  to  the  latter, 
he  was  exceedingly  careful.  Where  a  sure  word  of  Scripture  was  not 
behind  him,  he  was  cautiously  reticent.  Two  reasons  seem  to  have  shut 
out  the  Socratic  method  from  his  class-room.  He  wished  to  avoid  useless 
discussion,  and  to  place  before  his  students  a  system  of  truth  in  its  entirety. 
He  was  convinced  of  the  ultimate  fruitlessness  of  all  merely  impulsive 
discussion.  The  third  point  was  his  progressive  and  charitable  spirit.  He 
was  cautiously  progressive. 

He  was  a  gentleman  of  singular  polish  and  courtesy;  a  scholar  of  wide 
and  accurate  research ;  a  teacher,  whose  clearness  and  frankness  won,  and 
whose  thoroughness  stimulated,  every  pupil ;  a  preacher  of  gentle,  though 
logical  and  persuasive  eloquence;  a  writer  of  lucid  and  vigorous  style:  a 
theologian  of  views  as  broad  as  they  were  sound  and  Scriptural ;  a  friend 
always  thoughtful,  self-denying  and  steadfast;  a  man  of  affairs,  keenly  alive 
to  every  social  and  public  interest;  a  Christian  that  impressed  every  ob- 
server as  living  each  hour  very  near  his  Lord. 

See  Memorial  Addresses  in  "Auburn  Daily  Advertiser,"  Nov.  12,  1890. 

Publications:  Letters  from  Abroad.  In  "N.  Y.  Evangelist,"  "N.  Y. 
Observer,"  "Ch.  Intelligencer,"  and  "Independent,"  1859-60. — "Memories 
of  Rome."  In  "Ladies'  Repository,"  Cincinnati.  1864. — "A  Morning  Walk 
from  Jerusalem  to  Mt.  Olivet."  In  "Ladies'  Repository."  1865. — "The 
Lake  District  in  Central  N.  Y."  In  "Ladies'  Repository,"  1865,  and  in 
"N.  Y.  Observer."  1865. — "The  Greek  Church."  Four  arts,  in  "Meth. 
Quarterly  Review."  July  and  Oct.  1865,  Oct.  1866,  Jan.  1867. — "The  Mineral 
Region  of  Lake  Superior."  In  "Hours  at  Home,"  Oct.  1865. — Arts,  in 
"Union  College  Magazine,"  1867-77. — "Periods  of  Transition  in  Eng.  His- 
tory." In  "Am.  Ch.  Rev."  April,  1874. — "The  Modern  Theory  of  Forces," 
8vo,  pp.  39-66  of  the  "Proceedings  of  the  University  Convocation,"  Albany, 
1874. — "The  Hereditary  Interests  of  R.D.C.  in  all  Forms  of  Education." 
In  "Centennial  Discs."  1876. — "The  Modern  Theory  of  Forces" :  a  Paper 
read  before  the  University  Convention  of  the  State  of  N.Y. ;  this  was  after- 
ward developed  into  the  work,  "Faith  and  Modern  Thought,"  with  a  Pref- 
ace by  Tayler  Lewis.  i2mo.  pp.  302.  1876. — "Lectures  on  English  Litera- 
ture."— "Lectures   on    Christian    Theology."    2nd    ed.     1880. — "Outlines   of 


THE    MINISTRY.  901 

Christian  Theology,"  1881-2. — Inaugural  as  Professor  at  Aub.  Sem.  1877. — 
Paper  on  "Ministerial  Duty,"  at  the  Belfast  Meeting  of  Presb.  Alliance, 
1881. — Very  many  articles  to  the  "Independent";  to  the  "Princeton  Re- 
view"; to  the  "Homiletical  Review";  to  the  "Old  and  New  Testament 
Student";  to  "Christian  Thought,"  etc.,  etc. 

Welius,  Everardus,  matriculated  at  Utrecht  University,  1650;  ord.  by  CI. 
Amst.  Apr.  10,  1657;  New  Amstel,  1657-9,  d. 
The  new  colony  on  the  Delaware  were  at  once  anxious  for  a  minister. 
On  March  19,  1657,  the  Classis  called  Welius.  His  examination  was  set 
for  April  10,  when  he  was  also  to  preach  on  Ps.  127:  1.  ("Mints,  of 
Classis,  vi.  39-40;  xix.  41.) 

ACTS    OF    CLASSIS    OF   AMSTERDAM. 

Everardus  Welius. 

1657,  April  10th.  The  candidate  Everadus  Welius,  having  expounded 
the  text,  Psalm  127 :  1,  was  then  examined  on  the  principal  heads  of  the 
Christian  religion.  He  gave  the  Assembly  excellent  satisfaction  in  both. 
They  therefore  gladly  permitted  him  to  be  invested  with  the  Sacred  Min- 
istry, in  that  New  Colony  in  New  Netherland  (Delaware),  which  is  under 
the  jurisdiction  of  the  city  of  Amsterdam.  Unto  this  field  he  was  elected 
by  the  Classis,  with  the  approval  of  the  Worthy  Burgomasters.  He  was 
also  ordained  to  the  office  with  the  laying  on  of  hands  in  the  presence  of  the 
Assembly,  and  the  rich  blessing  of  the  Lord  was  invoked  upon  him.  vi.  44. 
"Amst.  Cor."     "Col.  Docs.,"  ii.  79,  106,  114,  116,  180,  181. 

"A  man  of  piety  and  learning,  whose  death  was  very  much  deplored." — 
"Spotswood's  Hist.  Ser." 

Welles,  Theodore  Wyckoff  (son  of  Ransford  Wells),  b.  at  Newark,  N.J., 
1839;  R.C.  62,  N.B.S.  65;  1.  CI.  Montgomery;  Bergen  Neck,  65-73, 
Freehold  (Marlboro),  73-89,  Totowa,  2d,  1889 

Publications  :  Sermons. — "The  Victories  of  the  Union  the  Victories 
of  the  Lord,"  1863.— "The  Lessons  of  the  Day,"  Thanksgiving  Discourse, 
1874. — "The  Keys  of  the  Kingdom  of  Heaven."  "On  Death  of  Pius  IX.," 
1878. — "The  Monster  Evil'':  a  Temperance  Lecture,  1878. — "Gospel  Caesar- 
ism,  or  the  Duties  of  Christian  Citizenship,"  1880. — "The  Dying  Message 
of  the  Saviour  and  the  Saved,"  1880. — "Death  Precious,"  1881. — "God's 
Work  with  Luther  and  Luther's  work  for  God,"  1883. — 'The  Enduring 
Word,"  75th  Anniversary  of  Monmouth  County  Bible  Society,  1892. — "A 
Living  Light,"  1895. — "Tithing  and  Blessing,  or  the  Fruits  of  Systematic 
Beneficence,"  1899. 

Articles. — "On  Dancing";  "Rutgers  Quarterly,"  April,  1861. — Editorials, 
in  "Bayonne  Herald,"  1868. — "On  the  Christian  Life";  in  "Christian  Intel- 
ligencer," 1867-8. — "Bible  Lessons";  in  "Sower  and  Gospel  Find."  1873. — 
"The  First  Church  of  Freehold" ;  in  "Ellis'  History  of  Monmouth  County," 
1882. — Address  before  the  General  Synod  of  the  Reformed  Presbyterian 
Church;  in  the  "Ref.  Presbt.  Advocate,"  June  1883. — "The  Jersey  Dutch 


902 


THE    MINISTRY. 


Ancestry  of  Hon.  Garret  A.  Hobart.  LL.D.";  in  "Paterson  Press,"  1896. 
This  was  extensively  reprinted  in  Republican  papers,  and  finally  as  a  cam- 
paign document.— "Sketches  from  a  Pastor's  Memory";  in  "Church  Tid- 
ings," 1899.— Occasional  Articles,  in  "Ch.  Int."  and  "Sower."  1865-76,  in 
"Monmouth  Democrat"  and  "Monmouth  Inquirer,"  1873-87;  in  "Church 
Tidings,"  1898-9.  "A  Statistical  History  of  the  Classis  of  Paramus,"  and 
the  "History  of  Seven  of  the  Churches,"  125  pages,  in  the  "Centennial 
History  of  the  Classis,"  1902. 

Volumes.— "Victory  Turned  to  Mourning,"  Lincoln  Memorial,  Jersey 
City,  1865;  8vo.  pp.  24.— "The  Classis  of  Monmouth:  Its  Members,  Its 
Churches,  and  Its  Work";  Freehold,  1879,  8vo,  pp.  30.— "The  Days  of  Old: 
a  History  of  the  First  Church  of  Freehold" ;  New  York,  8vo,  pp.  96.     1877- 

"Faith's  Triumph" :  a  Memorial  of  Jennie  Schanck,  New  York,  8vo,  pp. 

52.  1881—  "Death.  What  is  It?"  Memorial  of  E.  V.  Hobart,  Freehold, 
8vo,  pp.  14.  1885.— "Ancestral  Tablets;  from  Colonial  Times  to  Present 
Era,"  Paterson,  8vo,  pp.  382,  1893.— "The  Pastor  and  the  Church,  or  John 
H.  Duryea  and  the  2d  Ref.  Church  of  Totowa";  New  York,  8vo,  pp.  172, 
1896. 

Wells,  Cor.  L.,  b.  at  New  Brunswick,  N.J.,  Sept.  16,  1833  (s.  of  Ransford 
Wells);  R.C.  52,  N.B.S.  55,  1.  CI.  Schoharie;  Niskayuna  and  Lisha's 

KM,  55-58,  Jersey  City,  3d,  1858-62.  Flatbush,  L.I.,  1862 D.D.  by 

R.C.  1878. 
Publications:     "Sacrifice  of  Continual    Praise":   a  Thanksgiving   Ser. 

1864. — Ser.  on  Death  of  Louisa  D.  Garvin.     1865. 

Wells,    Ransford,    b.    at    Catskill,    Sept.    6,    1805:    R.C.    27,    N.B.S.    30,    1. 

CI ;  Canajoharie,  30-3,  Newark,  33-42,  Sec.  Bd.  Missions,  42-4, 

Schoharie.  44-57,  Fultonville,  57-68,  Stuyvesant  Falls.  68-71,  Brook- 
field,  Ct.,  71-5,  teaching  at  Marlboro,  75-6,  Cato,  76-80.  w.  c.  Died 
March  4,  1889.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1851.     He  was  Pres.  Gen.  Syn.  1855. 

He  was  a  descendant  of  the  sixth  generation  of  Thomas  Welles,  a  Puri- 
tan, who  left  his  home  and  estate  at  Rothwell,  Northamptonshire.  Eng., 
for  conscience  sake,  and  coming  to  America  in  1636,  was  one  of  the  original 
settlers  of  Hartford,  Ct.,  and  Governor  of  the  province,  1656-8.  Dr.  Wells 
was  also  a  descendant,  through  his  mother,  Mary  Allaben,  of  John  Bouton, 
of  Danbury,  Ct.,  a  French  Huguenot,  who  fled  to  America  in  1633.  The 
labors  of  Dr.  Wells  were  arduous  and  eventful.  While  he  did  not  hesitate 
to  serve  in  any  field,  however  limited,  his  ministry  was  successfully  exer- 
cised in  founding  and  establishing  the  two  important  churches  of  Canajo- 
harie, N.Y.,  and  the  First  Church  of  Newark.  N.J.  The  memory  of  his 
pastorate  at  Newark  is  perpetuated  by  a  memorial  window,  affectionately 
placed  by  his  old  parishioners  in  their  recently  erected  house  of  worship. 
He  further  wrought  for  missions  by  serving  efficiently  as  secretary  for  two 
years,  1842-44.  Nor  was  his  zeal  for  godly  service  limited  to  the  organi- 
zation and  establishment  of  churches.  He  spent  also  a  part  of  his  life  in 
promoting  instruction  in  sound  learning,  and  honored  his  advanced  years 
by  visiting  charitable  institutions  and  private  homes.     His  term  of  minis- 


THE    MINISTRY.  903 

terial  service  was  fifty-nine  years,  more  than  fifty  of  which  were  spent  in 
active  relations  to  the  churches.  His  mind  was  logical  and  practical.  Like 
many  other  strong  men  in  the  ministry,  he  was  at  his  best  when  speaking 
without  a  written  manuscript.  With  a  man  of  his  virile  powers  the  business 
of  the  Classis  and  of  the  other  courts  of  the  church  furnished  an  appropriate 
field  of  interest  and  usefulness.  Up  to  the  last  his  powers  of  mind  and 
body  were  in  unusual  vigor.  At  the  meeting  of  the  Alumni  of  the  Semi- 
nary, in  May,  1888,  his  remarks  excited  the  utmost  interest,  in  view  of  the 
liveliness,  geniality  and  wit  displayed  by  the  nestor  of  the  circle;  for 
although  he  was  in  his  83d  year,  he  was  the  most  impressive  speaker 
present.  He  married  the  granddaughter  of  Rev.  Dr.  Jacob  R.  Harden- 
bergh,  the  first  President  of  Queen's  College,  and  left  two  sons  in  the  minis- 
try. He  was  all  his  life  an  earnest  advocate  of  total  abstinence,  and  a 
radical  champion  of  anti-slavery  principles.  During  the  civil  war  he 
served  also  as  a  member  of  the  Christian  Commission,  and  was  with  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac  in  the  summer  of  1864.  Dr.  Wells  was  a  delightful 
companion  in  his  old  age.  He  looked  upon  the  bright  side  of  matters, 
both  in  Church  and  State.  He  did  not  feel  that  after  his  death  the  world 
would  become  worse  or  sink  into  chaos.  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1889,  916. 
"Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C.,"  1889,  8. 

Wenisch,  John,  1.  S.  CI.  N.Y.  i860;  Newtown,  2d,  and  Astoria  (Ger.), 
65-6,  Newark,  West  (Ger),  67-74,  Newtown,  2d,  74-8;  died  Aug.  18, 
1885. 

Werring  (or  Wernich),  John  Aemilius.  Stone  Arabia,  1752.  "Amst. 
Cor." 

Wessels,  Peter  Alonzo,  b.  Cherry  Valley,  N.Y.,  Feb.  12,  1841 ;  Wms.  Coll.; 
Drew  Sem.,  76-8,  Aub.  Sem.,  78-9,  lie.  by  Henry  Presbyt,  Neb.,  80,  ord. 
by  Nebraska  City  Presbyt.,  80  (Home  Missionary  work  at  Hansen, 
Neb.,  and  Nemaha  City,  79-81,  under  Presbyt.  Board)  ;  Columbia, 
82-4,  Neperan,  84-7,  Gilboa,  87-90,  Princetown,  90-3.  Raritan,  111.,  93-4,. 
Wynantskill,  94-7,  South  Glens  Falls,  97-9,  w.  c. 

West,  Jacob,  b.  Sept.  18,  1818;  R.C.  42.  N.B.S.  45.  1.  CI.  Albany;  Middle- 
burgh,  45-52,  Piermont,  1st,  52-5,  East  Brooklyn,  55-68,  Cor.  Sec.  Bd. 
Dom.  Miss.,  68-88.  Honorary  Secretary,  88-90,  d.  Jan.  22.  D.D.  by 
R.C.   1870. 

He  was  one  of  the  most  open-hearted  and  unaffected  of  men.  He  pos- 
sessed telling  characteristics  which  go  to  make  up  a  well-rounded  man- 
hood and  an  attractive  Christian  minister.  One  was  sterling  honesty. 
Business  integrity  and  fidelity  to  friendship  were  part  of  his  being.  He 
was  entirely  unselfish;  he  never  seemed  to  think  of  himself.  His  ruling 
question  always  was — What  is  right?  Another  trait  was  fidelity  in  his 
work.  When  the  Domestic  Board  was  struggling  with  difficulties  his  spirit 
vitally  identified  itself  with  its  experiences  and  carried  its  sufferings;  and 
when  relief  came,  entered  into  its  joys.  Whatever  he  undertook  had  his 
whole  heart.  He  was  faithful— always  and  everywhere.  Another  trait 
was  his  cordiality  of  manner.  He  always  had  a  bright  look  and  cheery 
words  for  every  one.     Strangely  enough,  this  trait  was  emphasized  at  his 


904  THE    MINISTRY. 

funeral  by  every  speaker.  He  was  a  light  in  the  home,  in  the  church,  in 
the  place  of  business.  His  cordial  words  and  ways  made  his  office,  as 
Secretary  of  Domestic  Missions,  an  attractive  place  to  visit.  Still  another 
trait  was  his  youthful  spirit  among  the  young.  He  was  always  a  welcome 
guest  to  young  people  and  children.  He  grew  old  gracefully.  He  was, 
however,  always  a  man  of  hard  work,  and  this  told  on  the  ultimate  prog- 
ress of  the  church.  See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1890,  193.— "Biog.  Notices  of 
Grads.  R.C.,"  1890,  17. 

Westbrook,  Cor.  D.,  b.  at  Rochester,  N.Y.,  May,  1782;  U.C.  1801,  studied 
under  John  B.  Romeyn,  1.  CI.  Albany,  1804;  tutor  in  U.C.  1803-5;  Fish- 
kill,  1806-30,  Ed.  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  1830-3,  Rector  of  Gr. 
Schools  at  N.B.,  1833-6,  Cortlandtown,  1836-50,  d.  1858.  Elected  a  trus- 
tee of  R.C.  1829.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1829. 

IK-  was  descended  on  his  paternal  side  from  the  Puritans,  and  on  the 
maternal  from  the  Huguenots.  His  father  served  his  country  in  the  Revo- 
lution. His  mother  died,  leaving  him  a  frail  infant,  the  object  of  constant 
solicitude. 

The  distinguishing  feature  of  his  mind  was  its  originality.  There  was  a 
freshness,  a  sort  of  childlike  wonder  in  his  mind,  in  viewing  a  subject.  He 
viewed  it  as  if  he  had  never  been  told  how  it  appeared  to  others.  Nor  did 
he  much  regard  the  impression  it  had  made  on  others,  in  forming  his  own 
opinions  of  it.  He  cared  little  for  the  authority  of  great  names.  He  was 
a  bold  thinker,  and  his  views  on  many  mooted  questions,  and  on  prophecy, 
of  which  he  was  an  enthusiastic  student,  were  often  striking  and  highly 
original.  He  also  possessed  a  remarkable  quickness  of  mental  capacity — 
both  quickness  of  apprehension  and  conclusion.  His  judgment  was  instan- 
taneous, and  he  would  leap  into  the  middle  of  a  subject,  to  approve  or 
condemn,  almost  before  the  statement  of  it  was  concluded.  His  mind  was 
capable  of  great  concentration  and  intense  action.  He  was  capable  of  con- 
ducting a  connected  and  logical  argument,  but  he  was  not  fond  of  it.  He 
would  not  submit  to  the  restraint  of  riarid  and  fixed  rules  in  anything. 
His  arguments,  though  striking  and  convincing,  were  seldom  strictly  de- 
ductive. They  did  not  gradually  accumulate  strength,  but  fell  in  successive 
and  rapid  blows. 

In  character  he  was  notably  disinterested — one  of  the  most  unselfish  of 
men.  He  would  sacrifice  his  time,  comfort,  and  means,  for  the  sake  of 
serving  a  friend.  There  was  no  calculation  in  his  friendships,  but  they 
were  led  by  the  native  sympathies  of  his  generous  soul,  and  were  really 
prized  by  him  as  a  means  of  advancing  the  interests  and  happiness  of 
others. 

He  was  unambitious — was  a  peacemaker,  always  looked  on  the  bright 
side  of  things,  was  entirely  simple-hearted,  devoid  of  intrigue,  and  his  be- 
nevolence was  only  limited  by  his  means.  Patriotism  was  with  him  a  pas- 
sion. His  learning  was  varied  and  extensive,  but  not  exhaustive  on  any 
special  topic.  He  had  a  remarkable  fondness  for  the  natural  sciences,  some- 
times even  delivering  scientific  lectures,     lli^  illustrations  of  the  character 


THE    MINISTRY  9°5 

and  government  of  God  were  drawn  from  the  facts  and  laws  of  nature.  His 
theological  knowledge  was  rather  the  result  of  intense  thought  upon  par- 
ticular points,  from  a  hasty,  vigorous,  and  enthusiastic  investigation,  than 
of  connected  study.  This  appeared  sometimes  to  give  an  appearance  of 
eccentricity,  and  variance  from  established  views,  in  his  opinions.  His 
habit  of  study  was  topical,  following  his  own  taste  on  the  pressure  of  pres- 
ent exigencies.  His  whole  nature  was  impulsive,  not  methodical  or  con- 
fined by  the  necessities  of  system,  which  he  could  never  brook. 

In  the  pulpit  he  was  dignified  and  impressive,  though  perfectly  natural, 
and  wholly  devoid  of  all  tricks  of  oratory  and  false  solemnity.  He  usually 
preached  without  a  manuscript.  His  themes  were  not  abstract  or  doctrinal, 
in  the  common  acceptance  of  those  words,  but  ran  in  a  line  of  noble 
thoughts  connected  with  man's  true  destiny,  and  the  means  ordained  for  its 
realization.  He  loved  to  expatiate  on  the  power,  wisdom,  and  goodness  of 
God,  in  His  works  and  grace.  These  themes  absorbed  his  being.  His  effort 
was  to  convey  his  own  thoughts  into  the  minds  of  his  auditors.  To  this 
result  every  power  of  his  being  was  made  to  contribute.  His  voice,  delib- 
erate and  distinct,  was  charged  in  its  every  variance  and  intonation  with 
his  thoughts ;  his  gesture  was  unstudied,  but  was  natural  and  appropriate  to 
the  sentiment ;  and  his  eye  labored  to  look  the  intelligence  of  his  own  views, 
the  animation  of  his  own  feelings,  the  ardor  of  his  own  soul,  into  the  minds 
and  hearts  of  his  congregation.  Animated  in  action,  and  with  much  variety 
of  utterance,  he  forgot  himself,  and  poured  out  his  theme — illustrated 
through  its  whole  length  with  shining  thoughts,  and  gems  from  the  depths 
of  his  own  mind,  replete  with  pithy  expressions  and  beautiful  sentiments — 
full  upon  the  minds  and  hearts  of  his  interested  hearers.  The  analysis  was 
not  very  strict,  and  the  discourse  not  greatly  characterized  by  unity  or  com- 
plete symmetry  of  proportion,  but  rather  by  a  succession  of  striking  and 
suggestive  thoughts,  the  elevation  of  its  sentiment,  and  the  largeness  of 
its  views. 

He  was  singularly  happy  in  prayer.  His  mode  of  expression  was  his 
own,  and  he  failed  not  to  appreciate  the  circumstances  and  catch  the  spirit 
of  special  occasions.  There  was  no  stereotyped  phraseology,  but  his  thoughts 
were  fresh,  admirably  expressing  the  thanks  and  petitions  of  the  moment, 
while  also  reverential  and  devout.  When  the  veterans  of  1812  visited  the 
grave  of  Washington,  in  1855,  and,  with  the  officers  of  the  government, 
stood  around  that  sacred  spot,  Dr.  Westbrook,  who  was  their  chaplain, 
was  asked  to  pray.  He  did  so,  and  with  such  appropriateness,  power  and 
feeling  as  to  leave  no  eye  unmoistened  in  that  venerable  and  dignified 
assembly. 

He  had  a  strong  passion  for  social  life  and  its  enjoyments.  His  path 
was  simple,  direct,  and  child-like.  He  was  humble  and  modest,  and  guile- 
less as  a  child.  He  was  always  a  boy.  The  freshness,  the  honest  impul- 
siveness, the  unsophisticated  heart  of  boyhood,  were  his  to  the  last.  The 
dew  of  youth  rested  on  his  maturest  years  and  labors,  and  gave  beauty  and 
fragrance  to  a  green  old  age.  A  sweet  simplicity,  destitute  of  pride,  of 
exclusive  notions,  of  selfish  scheming,  made  him  lovely  to  look  upon,  in  a 
formal,  cold,  self-serving  world.     See  also  ''Ulster  Count}'-  History,  N.  Y." 


906  THE    MINISTRY. 

Publications:  Art.  in  "Sprague's  Annals"  on  Rev.  H.  Schoonmaker. — 
Editorials  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  1830-3. 

Westerfielp,  Wm,  Jr.,  b.  N.Y.C.  Aug.  21,  1844;  Coll.  C.N.Y.,  64,  U.S.  68; 

student  at  Halle  and  Tubingen,  Ger.,  68-9,  ord.  Cong.  Oct.  10,   1871; 

(Morrisania,  N.Y.,  71-4)  ;  in  Europe,  75,  Jersey  City,  76-85,  Hamilton 

Grange,  N.Y.C,  89-90,  w.  c. 
Westerlo,  Eilardus  (s.  of  Rev.  Isaac  Westerlo,  pastor  at  Groningen),  b.  at 

Groningen,  Holland,  1738;  matriculated  at  Groningen  University,  Oct. 

11,   1754,   for  study  of  Theology;  residence  Denekamp  Transisalanus ; 

lie.    1760;    Albany,    1760-90,    d.    Dec.     26.     Also     supplied,     quarterly, 

Schaghticoke.    His  maternal  grandfather  was  Rev.  Eilardus  Reimers, 

pastor  of  Dalen,  in  Drenthe.  Holland,  after  whom  he  was  named. 

He  had  just  been  licensed  in  Holland,  when  a  call  arrived  from  the  church 
of  Albany.  He  sustained  a  high  character  for  early  attainments  and  fair 
promise.  He  was  accordingly  selected  for  this  important  field,  second  only 
to  New  York,  though  only  twenty-two  years  of  age.  He  at  once  gained 
the  character  of  an  accomplished  gentleman,  a  good  scholar,  and  a  sedulous 
student.  His  preaching  was  characterized  by  careful  preparation  and  able 
exposition.  But  while  his  ability  and  the  soundness  of  his  views  were  con- 
fessed, the  more  pious  part  of  the  church  felt  it  desirable  that  a  more  direct, 
practical,  and  experimental  character  might  be  given  to  it.  A  little  praying 
band  carried  him  and  his  ministry  to  a  throne  of  grace  (1768).  Soon  after, 
his  mind  became  deeply  impressed  with  a  sense  of  the  responsibility  of  his 
ministerial  office,  and  with  a  conflict  as  to  his  spiritual  state.  He  then 
sought  free  and  intimate  intercourse  with  this  band,  and,  in  the  result,  the 
light  and  power  of  the  gospel  penterated  his  soul  more  clearly  and  precious- 
ly. His  preaching  still  exhibited  the  same  thorough  preparation  and  intel- 
lectual vigor,  but  became  more  distinguished  by  spiritual  unction,  and 
discriminating  application  of  divine  truth  to  the  various  classes  of  hearers. 
Thus  while  his  preaching  attracted  and  gratified  the  more  cultivated  of  his 
hearers,  he  became  more  and  more  the  favorite  of  plain  and  experienced 
Christians.  The  influence  of  his  ministry  gradually  increased  and  diffused. 
The  neighboring  churches  sought  his  counsel  and  services,  and  were 
crowned  with  blessings.  He  was  wise  in  council,  and  conciliating  and 
peaceful  in  his  spirit  and  course.  In  the  Ccetus  and  Conference  strife  his 
influence  was  to  soothe  and  heal.  He  arrived  at  the  hottest  period  of  the 
strife,  and  gained  the  respect  and  confidence  of  both  parties,  though  known 
to  be  favorable  to  the  Ccetus.  In  the  Revolution  he  espoused  the  principles 
of  the  Whigs,  and  boldly  avowed  them  and  consistently  adhered  to  them. 
He  married  the  widow  of  Patroon  Stephen  Van  Rensselear.  and  left  several 
children,  but  there  are  no  descendants  of  the  name  of  Westerlo. 

In  1777,  when  Burgoyne  with  his  hostile  army  was  moving  toward  Al- 
bany from  the  north,  amid  the  general  terror  that  prevailed  among  the 
friends  of  liberty,  he  appeared  calm  and  serene.  He  prudently  conducted 
his  family  to  a  place  of  safety,  but  returned  to  Albany  himself,  directed 
the  door-  of  bis  church  to  be  opened,  where  prayers  were  offered  in  behalf 
of  his  country's  cause,  while  he  exhorted   the  remaining  members.     This 


THE    MINISTRY.  907 

was  continued  till  Burgoyne  with  his  army  became  prisoners  of  war.  He 
was  assisted  in  these  services  by  Dr.  Livingston,  who  was  his  brother-in- 
law.  In  1782,  when  General  Washington  visited  Albany,  he  delivered  the 
address  of  welcome.  He  began  to  preach  in  English  in  1782.  He  derived 
much  pleasure  from  an  extensive  correspondence  with  several  eminent 
ministers  of  his  own  and  of  other  denominations.  Among  these  were 
Livingston,  Laidlie,  Meyer,  Rodgers,  Mason  and  Stiles.  The  latter  was 
the  president  of  Yale  College,  and  well  known  as  an  antiquary  and  scholar 
of  various  learning.  He  corresponded  with  him  in  Latin,  and  even  occa- 
sionally in  Hebrew.  Dr.  S.  came  to  Albany  to  visit  him  once,  but  Dr.  W. 
was  in  New  York,  and  these  great  men  never  met  each  other.  Dr.  S.  said 
of  him  that  he  wrote  Latin  in  greater  purity  than  any  man  he  had  ever 
known.  In  few  men  did  greater  and  more  amiable  qualities  unite.  His  last 
sickness  affected  his  mind  and  rendered  him  melancholy  for  a  while,  but 
his  mind  became  again  serene,  and  he  was  cheerful  and  happy.  A  little  be- 
fore his  death  his  house  was  filled  with  his  people,  who  came  from  all  parts 
of  the  city  to  see  him,  and  he  left  them  with  his  blessing,  in  such  a  solemn 
manner  that  it  was  thought  that  he  did  as  much  good  in  his  death  as  in  his 
life.  See  "Dr.  Rogers'  Historical  Discourse."  "Mag.  R.D.C."  ii.  15.  347- 
"Sprague's  Annals."     "Munsell's  Annals,"  i.   118,   121. 

Publications  :  Autobiography,  containing  many  references  to  the  cir- 
cumstances of  the  times,  1761-90.  MSS. — "A  Greek  Lexicon."  MSS. — 
"A  Hebrew  Lexicon."  MSS. — Translation  from  the  Dutch  of  Alberthoma's 
Catechism,  1790.     2d  ed.  1805. 

Westervelt,  John  P.,  b.  at  Paramus,  N.J.,  Nov.  7,  1816;  R.C.  (1837),  teach- 
ing in  Lafayette  Academy,  Hackensack,  1838,  teaching  in  private  and  in 
female  seminaries  in  N.Y.C.  and  Brooklyn,  1839-44;  studied  theology 
under  Rev.  Albert  Amerman,  lie.  by  CI.  Union  (T. R.D.C),  1845 
(Johnstown  and  Mayfield,  Independent,  1845-55)  ;  (Presbyterian).  S.S. 
at  Ephratah,  1858-9,  d.  1879,  Jan.   15. 

His  health  failing,  after  having  joined  the  Presbytery  of  Albany,  in  1855, 
he  removed  to  Princeton,  N.J.,  and  devoted  much  of  his  time  to  the  study 
of  language,  and  gave  attention  to  Biblical  criticism.  In  1866  he  returned 
to  Paterson,  his  native  town,  still  devoting  himself  to  study.  Not  only  was 
he  familiar  with  the  ancient  tongues,  Hebrew,  Greek,  and  Latin,  but  read 
and  spoke  fluently  the  German,  French,  and  Holland.  He  was  especially 
skilled  in  the  latter,  and  held  intimate  intercourse  with  the  theologians  and 
poets  of  the  Low  Country.  He  could  speak  as  fluently  in  the  Dutch  lan- 
guage as  in  his  own.  Bilderdyk  was  his  favorite  poet,  whom  he  esteemed 
as  equal  to  any  of  our  English  poets.  He  would  entertain  his  friends  by 
reciting  whole  paragraphs. 

When  a  few  years  ago  Dr.  Cohen  Stuart  came  from  Holland  to  attend  the 
Evangelical  Alliance,  he  visited  Paterson  to  see  Mr.  Westervelt,  his  fame 
as  a  Dutch  scholar  having  gone  abroad.  Afterward  he  spoke  of  him  "as 
a  man  whose  eminent  attainments,  and  especially  in  the  Dutch  language, 
were  only  equaled  by  his  modesty;"  and  upon  Dr.  Stuart's  request  he  was 


OOS  THE   MINISTRY. 

made  a  member  of  the  "Leyden  Society  of  Netherland  Literature,"  June 
10,  1876. 

In  doctrine  Air.  Westervelt  was  a  strict  Cakinist,  and  was  so  from  early 
training.  But  he  was  one  of  the  most  catholic  men  among  us,  and  the 
freest  from  all  bigotry.  Mingling  with  his  brethren  of  other  names,  he 
confessed  he  had  greatly  modified  the  views  and  feelings  of  early  life  to- 
ward Christians  of  other  names.  He  was  the  Melancthon  of  our  Pastoral 
Association,  and  when  we  had  in  hand  some  difficult  passage  of  Sacred 
Writ,  in  the  exegesis  we  were  accustomed  to  regard  him  as  authority. 

As  a  man  of  piety  our  brother  was  held  in  high  esteem — as  near  perfec 
tion  as  any  we  find — "blameless  and  harmless,  a  son  of  God  without  re- 
buke." His  thoughts  and  feelings  seemed  always  circling  around  the  Cross 
of  Christ,  and  by  simple  faith  resting  in  the  consciousness  that  he  had  com- 
mitted himself  to  Christ.  Anchored  on  the  Rock  of  Ages,  his  mind,  there- 
fore, was  kept  in  perfect  peace,  so  that  in  his  last  hours,  when  utterance  was 
difficult  and  painful,  he  was  still  sustained,  as  he  declared,  by  a  good  hope 
of  soon  beholding  his  Redeemer's  face  in  righteousness.  By  the  removal  of 
such  "earth  is  impoverished,  but  heaven  enriched." — Rev.  Dr.  J.  H.  Dur- 
yea.     See  "Princeton  Review  Index,"  310. 

Publications  :  Translation  from  the  Dutch  of  Van  der  Palm's  Life  and 
Sermons.  1865. — Contributions  to  the  "Princeton  Rev.,"  as  follows:  Ar- 
ticle on  Van  der  Palm,  1861 ;  on  Bilderdijk,  1862;  on  Strauss  and  Schleier- 
macher,  1866.     Also  several  articles  in  "McClintock's  Cyc." 

Westervelt,  Ralph  A.,  b.  1777   (son-in-law  of  S.  Froeligh),  studied  under 

his  father-in-law,  1.  CI.  Paramus,  1801 ;  Rochester,  Wawarsing,  1802-8, 

and    Clove,    1807-8,    Bethlehem    and    Coeymans,    1808-15,    Wyantskill, 

1815-23,  d.  Apr.  12,  while  preparing  to  secede. 

Westervelt,  Sam.  D.,  N.Y.U.  1839,  1-  by  Seceders,  1839;  New  York,  1839- 

50,  became  a  Presbyt.  Sketch  in  "McClintock  and  Strong's  Cyc." 
Westfall,  Benj.  B.,  b.  at  Claverack,  1798;  U.C.  1823,  N.B.S.  1826,  1.  CI.  N.B. 
1826;  Miss,  at  Sand  Beach,  1827-8,  Rochester  and  Clove,  1828-34,  Roch- 
ester, 1834-8,  Stone  Arabia  and  Ephratah,  1838-44,  d. 
He  was  brought  up  on  a  farm,  and,  while  still  a  youth,  had  such  deep 
convictions  of  sin,  that  he  would  lie  down  in  the  furrow  to  get  out  of  sight. 
In  the  nine  years  of  his  settlement  in  Ulster  Co.,  about  300  were  brought 
into  the  church  under  his  ministry.  In  Montgomery  Co.,  where  were  his 
second  charges,  during  the  excessive  labors  and  anxieties  of  a  precious  re- 
vival, he  was  seized  with  disease,  which  resulted  in  his  death.  He  pos- 
sessed great  firmness,  and  was  unyielding  in  regard  to  truth,  yet  he  was  far 
from  being  dogmatical  or  exclusive,  so  as  to  wish  to  unchurch  those  who 
did  not  agree  with  him.  He  was  a  rigid  Calvinist  in  his  theology,  yet  a 
warm  advocate  of  revivals  of  religion.  His  own  zeal  was  untiring  in  seek- 
ing to  save  souls,  and  he  mourned  over  the  lukewarmness  of  both  ministers 
and  people.  Mis  sermons  breathed  his  own  high  convictions  of  truth,  and 
he  aimed  at  the  understandings  and  consciences  of  his  hearers.  His  soul 
travailed  in  birth  for  his  people,  that  Christ  might  be  formed  in  them,  the 
hope  of  glory. 


THE    MINISTRY.  909 

Westfall,  Simon  V.  E.,  b.  at  Rhinebeck,  1802;  R.C.  1831,  N.B.S.  1834,  1-  CI. 

Rensselaer,  1834,  Hyde  Park,  1834-7,  Union  and  Salem,  1837-47,  Miss. 

in  Illinois,  1847-8,  Pekin,  1849-53,  Vanderveer  1853,  Pekin,  1853-6,  d. 
After  a  long,  arduous,  and  discouraging  effort  to  build  up  an  eminent 
Dutch  church  in  the  young  city  of  Pekin,  111.,  he  returned  to  his  native 
East,  to  spend  his  declining  days.     Barely  settled  in  his  new  home,  and 
engaged  to  supply  the  2d  Ouirch  of  Rotterdam,  on  a  certain  Sabbath,  he 
was  taken  sick  on  the  Saturday  evening  preceding,  and  died  in  the  house 
of  the  elder  with  whom  he  stayed.     "Ecstasy!   ecstasy!"  was  repeatedly 
uttered  by  him  in  his  sickness,  while  visions  of  glory  passed  before  his 
mind.     He  was  a  man  of  settled  purpose,  inflexible  integrity,  of  a  modest 
and  diffident  spirit,  clear  in  personal  piety,  diligent  in  study  and  adminis- 
tration, tender  and  faithful  in  pastoral  labors,  enjoying  the  confidence  of 
his  brethren  and  commanding  the  respect  of  the  world. 
Westing,  Evert,  Otley,  la.,  1882-86. 
Westveer,  Adrian,  b.  in  Holland,  Nov.  2,  1840;  R.C.  65,  N.B.S.  68,  1.  CI. 

Holland;  Westerlo,  68-9,  Clarksville.  69-71,  Clymer  Village.  71-2,  Wilt- 

wyck,  72-4,  Shokan,  74-6,  Berea.  82-7,  Slanton,  87-90,  S.S.  in  Presbyt. 

ch.,  90-2,  Wyckoff,  1892 

Weyberg,  Casparus  Diederus.     Easton,   Pa.,  Ap.-Oct.,   1763,   Philadelphia, 

1763-90,  d. 
He  was  a  Swiss  by  birth,  and  after  being  educated  in  Europe,  came  as  a 
minister  to  this  country,  about  1763.  He  left  Easton  so  soon  on  account  of 
the  large  size  of  the  circuit.  But  in  Philadelphia  he  found  sad  feuds  in 
the  congregation.  The  previous  pastorates  had  been  brief.  The  church 
was  the  reproach  of  the  world.  But  with  his  arrival  peace  and  prosperity 
began.  He  was  a  warm  patriot  and  defender  of  the  cause  of  liberty  in  the 
Revolutionary  struggle.  He  became  a  chaplain  in  the  army.  When  the 
British  held  Philadelphia,  he  preached  to  the  Hessian  troops,  and  boldly 
vindicated  the  American  cause.  He  denounced  the  wickedness  of  the  op- 
pressors. Not  a  few  of  the  Hessian  troops  deserted  the  British  flag, 
through  his  preaching.  He  was  cast  into  prison,  and  his  church  was  used 
as  a  hospital. 

He  was  remarkable  for  his  calm  determination.  He  took  an  independent 
course  in  his  ministry,  not  caring  for  the  judgment  of  men.  He  was  an 
earnest  preacher,  though  with  an  impediment  in  his  voice. 

Weyberg,  Philip.     In  Pennsylvania,  176.  .-17..     One  of  the  original  trus- 
tees of  Q.C.  1770. 
Wheaton,  see  Lyman- Wheaton. 

Whitbeck,  Andrew,  studied  under  Livingston?  1.  18.. 

Whitbeck,  John,  b.  Nov.  12,  1812,  in  Coxsackie,  N.Y. ;  R.C.  37,  N.B.S.  40, 
1.  CI.  N.B.,  Waterford,  41-8,  S.S.  Henderson,  49-50,  Arcadia,  50-52, 
Caroline,  52-68,  w.  c.  Died  Oct.  12,  1888.  See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn..'" 
1889,  914.     "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.,  R.C,"  1889,  T5. 

Whitbeck,  Richard  M.  R.C.  1850,  N.B.S.  62,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Mapletown  (and 
S.S.  Buel,  Presbyt.),   1863-4.  Tyre,   1865-8. 


giO  THE    MINISTRY. 

White,  Erskine  Norman,  b.  N.Y.C.,  May  31,  1833;  Y.C.,  54,  U.T.S.,  57, 
lie.  Presbyt.  N.Y.,  57;  stud.  Halle,  Ger.,  57-8;  ord.  by  Classis  N.Y., 
June  9,  59;  Richmond,  S.I.,  59-62,  New  Rochelle  (Presb.),  62-8,  Buf- 
falo, Westminster  Ch.,  68-74,  West  23d  St.,  N.Y.C.,  74-86;  Cor.  Sec. 
Bd.  Ch.  Erection,  U.S.A.,  1886.     D.D.  by  U.N.Y.,  1874. 

Publications:  "Personal  Influence  of  Lincoln,"  1865. — "Hist.  23rd  St. 
Ch.,  N.Y.C.,"  1876. — 50th  Anniversary  of  same,  1884. — "Why  Infants  Are 
Baptized,"  1900. 

White,  Geo.,  W.C.  1861,  Aub.  S.  1864,  lie.  Presbyt.  Cayuga,  1863;  Schagh- 
ticoke,  1864-9,  d.  1870. 

Whitehead,  Cephas  (Hindoo),  Arcot  Sem.,  1896,  lie.  by  CI.  Arcot;  evan- 
gelist in  India,   1896 

Whitehead,  Chas.,  b.  1801 ;  D.C.  1S23,  N.B.S.  1826,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia, 
1826  (Batavia,  Presb.,  1827-8)  ;  Hopewell,  1828-35,  Somerville,  2d, 
1835-9  (Fishkill,  Presbt.,  1840-2),  Walden,  1842-9,  Houston  St.,  N.Y.C., 
1849,  Poughkeepsie,  2d,  1849-52,  Washington  Heights,  1853-61,  Chap- 
lain in  City  Hospital,  1861-73,  d. 

Of  winsome  manners,  affable,  sympathetic,  gentle  and  refined,  his  social 
spirit  and  pious  experience  made  him  pre-eminently  a  "son  of  consolation." 
His  mind  was  well  balanced,  cultivated,  and  healthy.  His  preaching  was 
strictly  evangelical,  practical,  and  adapted  to  the  intelligent  congregations 
which  he  served.  He  made  no  pretensions  to  oratory,  learning,  and  profun- 
dity, but  he  "rightly  divided  the  word  of  life,"  and  acceptably  filled  some 
of  the  choicest  pulpits  of  his  denominations. 

Nearly  forty  years  of  experience  as  a  pastor  fitted  him  admirably  for  that 
ministry  to  the  sick,  the  suffering  and  the  dying  which  occupied  the  last 
twelve  years  of  his  life,  first  as  chaplain  in  the  City  Hospital,  and  since  its 
opening,  of  the  new  Roosevelt  Hospital  in  this  city.  His  presence  did  good 
like  a  medicine,  and  his  tender  sympathies,  cheerful  face,  and  hopeful 
spirit  cheered  many  a  weary  one,  comforted  many  a  sad  soul,  and  guided 
many  an  inquirer.     The  blessing  of  many  a  dying  one  rested  upon  him. 

Mr.  Whitehead  was  the  youngest  of  three  youthful  members  of  the  old 
Independent  Tabernacle  of  Philadelphia  (which  subsequently  became  the 
Seventh  Presbyterian  Church  of  Philadelphia),  all  of  whom  entered  the 
ministry  of  the  Reformed  Church,  under  the  pastoral  care  of  the  late  Rev. 
Dr.  Jacob  Brodhead.  The  others  were  Rev.  Jos.  Wilson  and  Rev.  B.  C. 
Taylor.  The  latter  still  survives.  Each  completed  more  than  half  a  cen- 
tury of  clerical   labor. 

Mr.  Whitehead  had  just  begun  the  address  in  the  communion  service,  in 
the  Presbyterian  Church  at  Perth  Amboy,  which  precedes  the  distribution 
of  the  broken  bread.  Quoting  the  first  verse  of  the  hymn  which  had  been 
sung,  "Nearer,  my  God,  to  Thee,"  he  said  that  it  reminded  him  of  another 
by  the  same  author,  and  repeated  the  words : 

"I'm    nearer    my   home    to-day 
Than  ever  I've  been  before," 


THE    MINISTRY.  gil 

when  he  was  smitten  with  the  fatal  stroke,  and  sat  down,  unahle  to  pro- 
ceed.    God  touched  him  and  he  was  not. 
Whitehead,  Joseph  Henry,  b.  N.Y.C.  Oct.  18,   1847;  W.C.  69,  U.S.  72, 

lie.  Presb.  N.Y. ;  Pompton  Plains,  72-84  (1st  Presb.,  East  Orange,  N.J., 

84-6),  Passaic,  North,  1886 

Publications:     "Hist,  of  the  North  Church  of  Passaic,"  in  "Hist,  of 

Classis  of  Paramus." 

Whitehurst,  Jacob,  b.  in  Cheshire,  Eng.,  1839;  Brooklyn  Lay  Coll.,  April, 
/•■■,  lie.  CI.  L.I. ;  ord.  ditto,  77;  Miss,  pastor  of  Bethany  Chapel,  Brook- 
lyn, 77-81. 

Whiting,   ....      Princetown,  18.. -1822?  became  a  Baptist. 

Whitney,  William  W.     Ephratah,  1885-8,  Livingston  at  Linlithgo,  89-93, 

North  Blenheim,  96-99,  w.  c. 
Whittaker,  Chs.  H.     Lower  Walpeck.  1893-1900. 

Wick,  Robert  Kerr,  b.  Grove  City,  Pa.,  Dec.  9,  1861 ;  Westminster  Col., 
Pa.,  1882;  U.T.S.  1883-6;  ord.  by  Presb.  Rochester,  Sept.  30,  1886 
(Presbyt.    Sparta,   N.Y.,    1886-90)  ;  Jersey   City,   Wayne    St.,    1890-99, 

Jamaica,  1899 

Wiersum,  Harry  J.,  H.C.  1896,  P.S.  99,  lie.  and  ord.  by  CI.  of  Iowa,  Sept. 

99;  Missionary  in  Arabia,  1899-1901,  d.  Aug. 
Wiggins,   Ebenezer.     U.N.Y.    1834,    tutor    in    R.C    in    Anc.   Langs.,    1836; 
N.B.S.  1837,  1.  CI.  1837;  Totowa,  1837-56,  Manhattan,  N.Y.C,  1857-70, 
d.   1878.     D.D. 
Wiley,  Chs.,  b.  May  30,  1810,  C.C.  and  C.N.J.,  1825,  30-1,  Aub.  Sem.,  35-6, 
New  Haven  Sem.;  ord.  by  Northampton  Council,  Nov.  8,  37  (North- 
ampton, Mass.,  37-45)  ;  Utica,  45-55,  Pres.  of  Milwaukee  University, 
55-7,  Lafayette,  Ind.,  58-9.  Birmingham,  Ct.,  59,  Geneva,  N.Y.,  59-65, 
teaching  in  private  school,  Hackensack,  66-71,  died  Dec.  21,  1878.     D.D. 
Publications  :     Edited  "Ordo  Series  of  the  Classics'7 ;  "Caesar's  Com- 
mentaries,"   1873,    "Cicero's    Orations,"    "Virgil's    /Enid."    1874    (Holt    & 
Co.). — "Principles  of  Love  to  God,"  1850. — "Ten  Reasons  Why  I  Am  not 
a   Churchman,"    1864. — Addresses,    1852;    one   commem.    of   Hon.    Edward 
Everett,  1865. 

Wiley,  Edward  C,  b.  Dorset,  Vt,  June  11,  1858;  Wins.  Col.  81,  Aub.  Sem. 
89,  ord.  by  Presbyt.  Geneva,  May  14,  89  (settlements  in  Presbyt.  ch.)  ; 
Fort  Miller,  S.S.  1900-1. 

Wilicins,  John  (Hindoo),  Arcot  Sem.  1895,  lie.  CI.  Arcot;-  evangelist  in 
India,  1895 

Will,  Peter  (London,  Eng.,  17.  .-1802),  Ger.  Ref.,  N.Y.C.  1802-4,  returned 
to  Europe. 

Willets,  Alphonso  A.  From  M.E.  Church  1849;  Philadelphia,  1st,  1849-60, 
Brooklyn,  1860-5,  Lee  Avenue,  Brooklyn,  1865-6  (Arch  St.,  Philadel- 
phia,  Presbyt.). 

William,  Abram  (Hindoo),  b.  in  India,  1842;  studied  under  the  mission- 
aries there;  ord.  by  CI.  Arcot,  Jan.  28,  1880;  Katpadi,  India.  1880- 
92,  died  May. 


91-  THE    MINISTRY. 

He  was  of  the  Reddi  Caste.  When  he  renounced  heathenism  in  1861,  he 
was  an  ignorant  lad  nineteen  years  of  age,  and  unable  to  read  his  own 
vernacular.  He  heard  the  gospel  preached  in  the  streets  of  Chittoor  by 
Rev.  Dr.  William  Scudder,  and  being  convinced  of  the  truth  of  Chris- 
tianity, came  to  him  for  further  instruction.  He  entered  the  schools,  and 
by  diligent  study  was  soon  able  to  read  and  write  both  Telugu  and  Tamil. 
After  a  course  of  theological  instruction,  he  was  employed  as  a  mission 
helper  for  a  number  of  years,  when  he  was  called  by  the  Christians  of 
Katpadi  to  be  their  pastor,  and  was  in  due  time  ordained  and  set  over  that 
church  by  the  Classis  of  Arcot.  There  he  labored  faithfully  and  success- 
fully till  the  Lord  took  him.  When  he  first  went  there  the  number  of 
Christians  was  small  and  they  were  without  a  church  building.  Through 
his  earnest  efforts,  aided  somewhat  by  the  mission,  a  good  sized  church 
with  bell-tower  was  erected,  which  remains  a  monument  to  his  memory. 
Under  his  pastoral  care  a  number  of  villages  embraced  the  Gospel ;  and 
his  congregation  increased  in  numbers  yearly  until,  at  the  time  of  his  death, 
it  amounted  to  500  souls,  of  which  148  were  communicants.  His  labors 
were  not  confined  to  his  charge.  He  continually  toured  among  the  heathen 
and  proclaimed  to  them  the  Gospel,  which  he  so  firmly  believed  to  be  the 
only  hope  of  their  salvation.  He  was  an  uncompromising  Christian,  and 
never  ashamed  to  serve  his  Lord.  Though  of  high  caste,  he  utterly  re- 
nounced all  caste  distinctions,  and  treated  Christians  from  the  lowest  class 
as  his  brethren  in  the  Lord.  He  was  a  noble  man  and  a  lovable  character, 
respected  and  honored  by  all.  His  influence  was  great,  and  extended 
throughout  the  whole  mission.  Even  the  heathen  honored  him  and  felt 
his  power.  He  died  suddenly  while  away  from  home  at  Palmanair.  His 
body  was  brought  to  Katpadi,  and  in  a  spot  which  he  had  selected  near  the 
church,  was  laid  in  its  last  resting  place  by  sorrowing  friends. — Jared  W. 
Scudder. 

Williams,  David  R,  from  Methodists;  ord.  by  CI.  N.B.  1884,  N.B.S.  86, 
New  Salem,  N.Y.  86-87,  S.S.  Kiskatom,  87-8;  Livingston  at  Linlithgo, 
97-8,  w.  c. 

Williams,  Melanchton  B.,  C.N.J.  1814;  Lysander,  34-7. 

Williams,  Richard  R.,  b.  Waterford,  Ireland,  Sept.  19,  1843;  U.S.  70.  ord. 
CI.   Montgomery,  70;   Canajoharie,   70-83,  engaged   in  editorial  work, 

1883 

Williams.  Robt.  George,  b.  Fesliniog,  N.  Wales,  G.B.,  July  13,  1838:  C.N.J. 
70,  P.S.  7^;  ord.  CI.  N.B.  Jan.  21,  74;  Griggstown,  N.J.,  74-7  (Presbyt.). 
See  "Princeton  Sem.  Cat." 
Williamson,  George  R.,  b.  at  Caldwell,  N.Y.,  1823;  R.C.  40,  N.B.S.  43.  1. 
CI.  N.Y. ;  Ghent,  2d,  44-8,  Newark,  2d,  48-9,  Amity,  49-52,  died  Septem- 
ber 4,  caused  by  explosion  of  boiler  on  steamboat  Reindeer. 
He  was  a  man  of  earnest  spirit,  of  sound  faith,  and  of  pious  life,  remark- 
ably conscientious  in  duty,  zealous  for  God's  glory  and  the  edification  of  the 
church;  pure  and  delicate  as  a  woman;  of  sweet  disposition,  yet  firm  and 
manly  in  his  devotion  to  truth  and  right.     He  was  industrious  as  a  student 
and  writer.     His  discourses  were  eminently  serious,  practical  and  instruc- 


THE    MINISTRV.  913 

tive.  He  had  a  well-balanced  mind,  a  discriminating  judgment,  and  a  rich 
command  of  language.  He  was  a  brother  universally  beloved.  But  he 
was  cut  off  in  the  flower  of  his  days,  by  the  explosion  of  the  boiler  on  the 
steamboat  Reindeer,  his  wife  and  child  receiving  fatal  injuries  at  the  same 
time.  His  death  was  a  triumph  of  Christian  faith.— See  "Memorial  Ser- 
mons in  Cypress  Wreath."     "Sprague's  Annals." 

Publications:  "The  Gathered  Flower."  "Memoir  of  Rev.  David 
Abeel."     1848.     See  "Princeton  Review,"  xx.  309. 

Williamson,  N.  DuBois  (grandson  of  Rev.  W.  R.  Smith),  b.  at  Flagtown, 
N.J.,  Dec.  2,  1819;  R.C.  40,  N.B.S.  43,  lie    and  ord.  CI.  Philadelphia; 
Pekin,  43-8,  Cicero,  40-50,  Chatham,  50-1,  Glenville,  2d,  51-5,  Wawar- 
sing,  55-6i,  Pekin  (S.S.),  61-2  Chicago,  Livingston  Ch.,  62-5,  Havana, 
65-6,  Sab.  School  Miss,  in  Chicago,  66-70.  Norris,  111.,  70-2,  South  Bend, 
Ind.,  1872-96,  d.  Sept.  12.     Also  Western  Miss,  of  R.C.A.,  1871. 
Though  an  invalid  all  his  life  he  never  allowed  his  physical  infirmities 
to  interfere  with  his  geniality  and  his  work.     With  wonderful  energy  he 
performed   an    amount   of  service   that  would   seem   heavy   for   the   most 
robust  man.     He  was  a  scholarly  and  comprehensive  writer  on  secular  and 
religious  subjects;  was  public  spirited,  taking  an  active  interest  in  all  mat- 
ters pertaining  to  the  public  good.     He  did  not  fear  to  condemn   wrong 
wherever  he  found  it,  but  did  it  in  a  gentle  and  Christlike  way.     In  eccle- 
siastical courts  he  was  conspicuous  for  watchful  and  conscientious  devotion 
to  proceedings,  and  his  example  was  always  promotive  of  the  decency  and 
order  that   should  characterize  the  business   of  the  church.     During  the 
war  he  took  great  interest  in  it,  was  a  member  of  the  Christian  Commis- 
sion, and  never  lost  interest  in  the  veterans,  for  whom  and  their  families 
he  was  always  ready  to  do  what  he  could. 

The  church  at  South  Bend,  his  last  pastorate,  was  founded  and  chiefly 
supported  by  the  mother,  Mrs.  Matthews,  of  the  late  Vice-President  Schuy- 
ler Colfax.  He  conducted  the  funeral  services  of  the  latter  in  1888;  his 
address,  a  most  admirable  one,  was  printed  and  obtained  a  wide  circula- 
tion. His  sympathetic,  patient  and  gentle  ministrations  eminently  qualified 
him  for  service  in  missionary  churches,  in  which  he  wrought  abundantly. 
At  South  Bend  he  was  known  throughout  the  community  as  "the  good  old 
domine,"  whose  home  was  a  Mecca  for  the  poor  and  the  sorrowing.  After 
fifty-three  years  of  arduous  labor  he  fell  asleep.  A  man  who  was  every- 
body's friend ;  everybody's  pastor ;  a  righteous  man,  doing  good ;  the  same 
always  to  rich  and  poor,  to  young  and  old ;  regarding  no  task  too  irksome 
for  performance. — "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1897.  760.  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads. 
of  R.C.,"'  1897,  10. 

Publications:  "Reminiscences  of  Dr.  Peter  Labagh."  In  "Todd's  Me- 
moir of  Labagh." — Ser.  on  Death  of  Rev.  Geo.  R.  Wiliiamson.  In  "Cypress 
Wreath."— Mem.  Ser.  of  Prof.  Benjamin  Wilcox,  the  successful  Christian 
Teacher.  South  Bend.  1875.— "God's  Highway  for  our  Church."  1875.— 
Sermon  at  funeral  of  Hon.  Schuyler  Colfax,  1888.  Many  contributions  to 
the  press. 


914  THE    MINISTRY. 

Williamson,  Peter  S.  C.X.J.  1824,  N.B.S.  [834,  I.  CI.  Philadelphia,  1834; 
Rockaway,  183511  Brooklyn,  4th  (Wallabout),  1841-2,  teaching  at 
Schodack  Academy,  iS_J3,  at  Belleville,  1843-6,  at  Jamaica,  1846-52,  at 
San  Francisco,  1852-80.  d. 

Williamson.  Wm.  Hall,  b.  Flagtown,  N.J.,  Apr.  26,  1855;  R.C.  73.  N.B.S. 
Si,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Annandale,  81-3.  Tappan,  83-9,  Irving  Park.  Chicago, 

89-92,  Grand  Rapids,  1st,  92-9.  Philadelphia.  2nd,  1899 See  "Cole's 

Hist.  ch.  of  Tappan." 

Willis  Ralph,  b.  in  London,  England,  Aug.  16,  181 5.  Came  to  America, 
1830;  R.C.  39,  N.B.S.  42,  lie.  CI.  Philadelphia-  Bethlehem,  42-51,  Free- 
hold, ist  (Marlboro),  51-68,  Spotswood,  68-80,  Rector  of  Hertzog 
Hall,  New  Brunswick  Seminary,  80-8;  died  March  16,  1895. 

He  was  the  son  of  a  tradesman  in  prosperous  circumstances,  who  sen: 
him  to  a  school  in  Yorkshire.  It  was  the  identical  school  that  Dickens 
caricatured  in  the  schoolmaster.  Squeers.  He  actually  suffered  great  hard- 
ships there,  but  was  finally  able  to  get  away.  Soon  after  he  sailed  for  this 
country,  and  went  directly  to  an  uncle  residing  in  Philadelphia.  There  he 
worked  for  several  years,  but  being  converted  in  a  revival,  resolved  co 
become  a  clergyman.  He  was  a  faithful  pastor,  earnestly  proclaiming  the 
Gospel,  and  seeking  to  raise  to  a  higher  Christian  life  the  people  among 
whom  he  labored.  The  church  at  Spotswood  was  a  feeble  enterprise,  but 
with  characteristic  energy  he  unit  to  work  to  put  it  upon  a  solid  founda- 
tion. The  present  beautiful  church  building,  the  pleasant  parsonage,  and 
the  improvements  about  the  property  are  the  results  of  his  untiring  efforts. 
During  his  ministry  there  he  became  County  Superintendent  of  Schools, 
which  office  he  held  for  twenty  years.  In  this  service  Mr.  Willis  raised  the 
tone  of  the  schools,  causing  them  to  take  high  rank,  and  in  the  devotion 
to  his  work,  and  the  success  of  bis  labors,  became  widely  known  and  re- 
spected throughout  the  county.  After  leaving  Spotswood,  he  became  the 
rector  of  Hertzog  Hall  in  New  Brunswick,  and  continued  to  discharge  the 
duties  of  that  office  for  eight  years,  when  increasing  infirmities  of  age 
compelled  him  to  resign.  He  was  one  of  the  most  active  workers  in 
founding  and  fostering  the  Suydam  Street  Reformed  Church  at  New 
Brunswick.— "Mints.  Gen.  Syn."  1895,  217  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads. 
R.C.,"  1805.  ?. 

Publication:  "Recollections  of  Dr.  W.  1 1.  Campbell"  :  in  "Memorial,"  81. 

Willouchby,  Henry  Clifford,  b.  Newark,  N.J.,  Mar.  6,  1866;  N.B.S.  96, 
1.  CI.  Newark;  Philadelphia   (Talmage  Memorial),  97 

Wilson,  Ab.  D..  b.  at  Amwell.  \.l..  Nov.  15.  'J**:  Q.C.  1811,  N.B.S  15. 
1.  CI.  N.B.;  New  Prospecl  and  Shawangunk,  [6-29,  North  Branch. 
31-8,  Miss,  to  Illinois.  38-41.  Fairview,  41-56,  w.  c.   Died  July  21,   1876. 

He  visited  Fairview,  111.,  in  1837,  but  did  not  finally  locate  there  until 
September,  1838.  He  will  ever  Ik-  known  and  este  :med  in  our  church  as  the 
"father  of  Western  mission-."  Parishioners  and  friends  from  New  Jersey 
began  to  locate  in  Central  Illinois;  he  casl  in  bis  lot  among  them,  and  for 
more  than  tw<  ntj  years  ministered  re  or  1e-s  to  the  spiritual  wants  of  the 


THE    MINISTRY.  915 

settlements.     Hence  the  Classis  of  Illinois,  and  the  strong  mother  church  of 
Fairview. 

It  was  always  charged  that  he  gave  more  attention  to  private  interests 
than  to  due  preparations  for  the  pulpit,  and  hence  that  he  did  not  shine  as 
a  preacher.  Nevertheless,  he  had  a  mind  of  manifest  power  and  of  much 
practical  wisdom.  Socially  he  was  among  the  most  agreeable  of  men,  and 
as  a  pastor  left  an  excellent  reputation  at  Shawangunk.  A  retentive 
memory  and  love  for  the  subject  made  him  a  valuable  authority  respecting 
the  fathers  of  the  R.D.  Church  and  the  circumstances  of  a  half  century  ago. 
No  one  doubted  his  attachment  to  the  doctrines  of  divine  truth  and  his 
willingness  to  endure  labor  and  sacrifice  for  the  extension  of  the  Church  of 
Christ. — Rev.  Dr.  Chs.  Scott. 

Wilson,  Chs.  W.  (nephew  of  E.  Nevius),  b.  at  Ovid,  N.Y.,  1826;  R.C.  61, 
N.B.S.  63,  1.  CI.  Geneva;  Miss,  at  Kewaskum,  1864-7.  at  Two  Rivers, 
1867-77.  d.     See  "Manual  of  1879." 

Wilson,  Ferdinand  Schenck,  b.  at  Millstone,  N.J.,  Sept.  2d,  1864;  R.C. 
88,  N.B.S.  91,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Pompton,  N.J.,  1891 

Wilson,  Fred  F.,  b.  Somerset  Co.,  N.J.,  1830;  R.C.  59,  N.B.S.  62,  1.  CI. 
Raritan ;  Glenville,  2d,  64-70,  Mohawk,  70-2.  Cato,  N.Y.,  72-3,  Boonton, 
1873-6,  Asbury  Park,  76-8.  Wilcox,  Pa.,  78-9,  Cold  Spring,  86-7,  sup- 
plied various  churches,  1879-90. 

Publications:  "Semi-Centennial  of  Ref.  Ch.  Glenville."  1868.— "Hist, 
of  25  Yrs.  at  Asbury  Park.  N.J.,"  1902. 

Wilson,  Hugh  Nesbit,  b.  at  Elizabeth,  N.J..  May  7,  1813 ;  C.NJ.  30,  P.S. 
34,  lie  Presbyt.  Elizabeth,  Apr.  23,  and  ord.  by  same  at  Evang.  Oct.  7, 
35;  (Southampton.  L.I..  35-52,  Hackettstown,  N.J.,  52-8:)  New  Bruns- 
wick, 2d,  58-62;  (S.S.  Southampton,  L.I..  63-7),  died  1878.  June  4. 
Director  of  Princeton  Sem.,  1851-8.  See  "Manual  of  1879."  D.D.  by 
U.V.  1852. 

Wilson,  James  B..  b.  near  Somerville.  N.  J..  1824;  R.C.  48,  N.B.S.  51,  1. 
CI.  N.B. ;  Long  Branch,  51-78,  Long  Branch,  2d,  78-80,  Jericho,  L.  I., 
80-82,  Bloomingburgh,  N.Y.  82-1886,  d.  Mar.  22. 

He  was  the  founder  of  four  churches  at  Long  Branch.  N.  J.,  and  vicinity. 
He  was  the  founder  and  Father  of  the  Reformed  Ch.  at  Asbury  Park, 
N.  J.,  where  so  many  sessions  of  our  General  Synod  have  been  held  since 
1890. 

Publications:  "A  Remembrance  of  the  Past";  a  Decennial  Sermon, 
1861.— Hist.  Ser.  at  Bloomingburgh,  N.  Y.,  1820-85. 

Wilson,  Joseph,  b.  1797;  C.N.J. ;  N.B.S.  1821,  1.  CI.  N.B.  21;  (Middletown 
and  Cantivell's  Bridge,  Presbyt.  of  New  Castle,  22-30,  Greenbush  Vil- 
lage, Presbyt..  30-2),  Westerlo,  32-4.  Athens,  34-6,  Principal  of  Pough- 
keepsie  Female  Inst..  36-8,  Fairfield  and  Little  Falls,  38-45,  Tarry- 
town,  45-9,  Fairfield,  49-73,  w.  c,  died  1878,  May  1. 

His  ministry  was  blessed  by  several  revivals  of  religion,  the  greatest  of 
which  was  at  Fairfield.  N.  J.,  during  the  awakening  of  1857-8.  when  nearly 


9l6  THE    MINISTRY. 

every  adult  in  his  congregation,  who  was  not  previously  a  member,  was 

brought  into  the  communion  of  his  church. 

Mr.  Wilson  was  a  genial,  modest,  quiet,  retiring  man,  a  consistent  Chris- 
tian, a  faithful  minister,  an  instructive  preacher  and  sympathizing  pastor, 

and  everywhere  he  was  the  "man  of  God."    See  Manual  of  1879. 
Publication:    "Selfishness  and  its  Remedy." 

Wilson,  Peter  Q.  (brother  of  Fred.  F.  Wilson),  b.  1831,  at  Roycefield,  N.J. ; 
R.C.  58,  N.B.S.  61,  1.  CI.  Raritan;  Greenbush,  1861-6,  (Spencertown, 
N.Y.,  Presbyt.,  1866-..),  S.S.  Guttenberg,  1875,  S.S.  Ponds,  1877-9, 
S.S.  Blue  Mountain,  79-82,  S.S.  Ephratah,  82-6,  S.S.  Cranesville,  86-7, 
w.  c.  Died  Feb.,  1902. 
Publications:      Hist.    Discourse   at    Ponds,    170th   Anniversary  of   Ch. 

1880.— "Hist.  Ch.  Ephratah,  N.Y."    1885.— "Life  of  Rev.  Sumner  Mande- 

ville,  of  Masonville,  N.Y." 

Winant,  Walter,  b.  Jersey  City,  N.J.,  May  17,  1865;  R.C;  N.B.S.  92,  I. 
CI.  Paramus;  Berea,  N.Y.,  92-4,  Coxsackie,  1st.  94-1897,  w.  c. 

Windemuth,  George,  Melrose,  1870-6,  Hackensack,  3rd,  77-1880. 

Winfield,  Aaron  B.,  b.  at  Montague,  N.J.,  1815.     R.C.  1839,  N.B.S.  1842,  1. 
CI.   Orange,   1842;    (Friendsville,   Pa.,   Presbyt.)    1842-4,   Sand   Beach, 
1844-51,  Paramus,  185 1-6,  emeritus,  d. 
See  Manual  of  1879;  also  "Hist.  Classis  of  Paramus."  1902. 
Publications  :    Ser.  at  the  Funerals  of  J.  G.  S.  and  G.  W.  S.  Van  Nest. 

and  Mrs.  P.  Wyckoff,  murdered  by  W.   Freeman,  near  Auburn.    1846. — 

"Christian  Baptism."    1849. — "Antidote  to  Universalism."    1850. — "Safety 

and  Sure  Defense  of  Zion."    With  a  History  of  R.D.C.  Paramus.     1853. 

Winne,  John  E.,  b.  Castleton,  N.Y.  U.C.  1888,  N.B.S.  91,  1-  CI.  Rens- 
selaer; ord.  as  a  Home  Missionary  by  CI.  Ulster,  91;  Wiltwyck, 
(Kingston),  1891-1902. 

Winter,  Egbert,  b.  in  Neths.,  1836;  R.C.  60,  N.B.S.  63,  1.  CI.  Holland, 
Cuddebackville,  63-6,  Pella,  1st,  66-84,  Grand  Rapids,  2d,  84-95.  Prof. 

Did.   and   Pol.   Theology,    Western   Th.    Sem.    1895. Preaches   in 

Dutch  and  English.     D.D.  by  Heidelberg  University,  and  Hope  Col- 
lege, 1890. 
Publications:     "What   is   Inspiration?"    an    Answer   to    Dr.   John    De 

Witt's  Book  on   Inspiration.    1894. 

Winter,  Jerry  P.,  b.  Holland,  Mich.,  Nov.  20,  1869;  H.C.  91  ;  W.T.S.  94; 
Manito  and  Spring  Lake,  111.  94-7,  South  Bend,  Ind.  97-99.  Orange 
City,  la.  1899 

Winter,  Jurry.     H.C.  1898,  W.S.  1901. 

Wiseman,  John,  from  Ind.  Ch.,  England  185 1  ;  S.S.  Stone  House  Plains, 
51-2. 

Wolfe,  Geo.  L.,  b.  at  Lewes,  Del.,  1837;  Danville  Sem.,  Ky.,  59-61,  P.S. 
61-2,  lie.  Presb.  Lewes,  61;  ord.  CI.  Bergen.  7^;  Jersey  City.  (Central 
Av.),  74-5;  to  Presbyt.  West  Hanover,  Va.,  1877.  See  "P.  Sem.  Gen. 
Cat." 

Wolfe,  \\\.  came  from  Germany,  1853:  S.S.  Teffersonville.  53-4,  Naumberg 


THE   MINISTRY.  QI7 

and  New  Bremen,  56-60,  Miss,  to  Hackensack,  3d,  62,  Warren  and 
Plainfield,  65-6. 
Wolff,  Chs.  H.  H..  b.  in  Holland  about  1840;  Amsterdam  Gymnasium; 
Aub.  S.  1870;  ord.  by  Presbyt.  Auburn;  voyage  to  Japan,  Dec.  20, 
1870-1,  Feb.;  Miss,  and  teaching  at  Yokohama,  Feb.  1871-2,  Dec; 
teaching  at  Hirosaki,  in  the  north  of  Niphon,  Dec.  1872-3,  Dec. ;  at 
Nagasaki,  Feb.  1874-5,  when  his  relations  to  the  For.  Miss.  Bd.  of 
R.C.A.  ceased ;  Government  Schools  in  Japan,  1875-82. 
Wolvius,  Wm.,  b.  Niezyl,  Prov.  Groningen,  Neths.,  Feb.  19,  1866;  Grand 
Rapids  Th.  School,  93,  W.S.  96,  1.  R.C.A. ;  East  Overysel,  96-8,  Boy- 
den,  1898 

Wood,    Alphonso,    b.    at    Chesterfield,    N.H.,    1810;    Dartmouth    Col.    34, 
A.S. ;  lie.  Sullivan  Assoc,  N.H.,  Cong.,  37;  joined  CI.  Westchester,  70, 
never  ordained.    Instructor  in  Kimball  Union  Academy,  N.H.,  34-49, 
Prof,  and  Pres.  Ohio  Female  College,  52-60;  supplied  churches  occa- 
sionally. 
Publications  :     "Class-Book  of  Botany."    i2mo,  pp.  645.    Boston,  1845. 
— "First  Lessons  in  Botany."    i6mo,  pp.  255.    Boston,  1848. — "New  Class- 
Book  of  Botany."    8vo,  pp.  869.    New  York,   i860. — "Object   Lessons   in 
Botany."    i2mo,  pp.  346.    New  York,  1863. — "American  Botanist  and  Flor- 
ist."  i2mo,  pp.  620.    New  York,  1870. — "Plant  Record."  8vo,  pp.  170.   New 
York,  1877. 

Wood,  Chs.  Wiltshire,  b.  Green  Bay,  Wis.  1836;  Rochester  Univ.  64,  P.S. 
67;  (S.S.  Oakfield,  N.Y.)  ;  New  Lotts,  74-7,  Cherry  Hill,  N.J.,  (S.S.), 
77-8,  S.S.  Leeds,  1878-9.     See  "P.  Sem.  Gen.  Cat." 
Wood,  Clinton  T.,  in  CI.  of  N.Y.  1898,  with  address  Wellington,  South 

Africa. 
Wood,  Joel.     Fort  Miller,  1840-5.     Had  been  a  missionary  to  the  Indians. 

Woodbridge,  Samuel  Merrill,  b.  Greenfield,  Mass.,  Ap.  5,  1819;  N.Y.U. 
38,  N.B.S.  41,  1.  CI.  N.Y. ;  South  Brooklyn,  41-50,  Coxsackie,  2d,  50-3, 
New  Brunswick,  2d,  53-7,  Prof,  of  Ecc  Hist,  and  Ch.  Govt,  in  N.B. 

Sem.  1857-1901,  Prof.  Emeritus,  1901 Also  Prof.  Metaphysics  and 

the  Philosophy  of  the   Human   Mind,   in   R.C.   57-64.     D.D.   by  R.C. 
1857;  by  U.C.  1858.    LL.D. 
See  "Life  of  Rev.  John  Woodbridge,   D.D.,"    (uncle  of  S.   M.   Wood- 
bridge),  for  a  history  of  the  family,  in  which  there  have  been  eleven  gen- 
erations  of   ministers    in   regular    succession,    beginning   with    Rev.   John 
Woodbridge,  born  in  England,  1493,  a  follower  of  Wyckliffe. 

Publications  :  "Principles  of  Our  Government."  A  Thanksgiving  Disc 
1853.  In  "New  Brunswick  Fredonian." — Sermon  on  Human  Government. 
1856. — Inaugural  Disc,  as  Professor  Ecc.  Hist.  In  "Christian  Intelli- 
gencer." Dec.  1857. — "On  the  Family."  In  "Nat.  Preacher." — "Power  of 
the  Bible."  Before  Aux.  Bib.  Soc  N.B.  1865. — Address  at  150th  Anniver- 
sary of  1st  R.D.C.  New  Brunswick.  1867.  See  "Steele's  Hist.  Disc." — 
Address  at  Centennial  of  North  R.D.C,  N.Y.C.  1869. — Disc,  on  Benevo- 
lence. Before  Gen.  Synod  at  Albany.  In  "Ch.  Int."  June,  1871. — "Analysis 
of  Theology."   1872-3.    Second  ed.  1882. — "Faith :    Its  True  Position  in  the 


918  THE    MINISTRY. 

Life  of  Man."  1875. — "Manual  of  Church  History."  1895. — "Text-Book  of 
Church  Government."  18.  .—"Historical  Theology":  An  Address  at  Cen- 
tennial of  N.B.S.  1884.— "Recollections  01  Dr.  William  H.  Campbell":  in 
"Memorial,"  33. — Address  at  40th  Anniversary  of  his  professorship,  1897. 

Woodhull,  Selah  Strong,  b.  in  N.Y.C.  Aug.  4,  1786;  C.C.  and  Y.C.  1802, 
studied  under  his  uncle,  Dr.  Woodhull,  of  Freehold,  and  at  F.S.;  1. 
Presbyt.  N.B.  1805;  (.Bound  Brook,  Presbyt.),  1805-6,  Brooklyn,  1806- 
25,  Prof.  Ecc.  Hist,  in  N.B.S.  and  of  Metaphysics  and  Philosophy  of 
Human  Mind  in  R.C.  1825-6,  d.  Elected  a  trustee  of  K.C.  1825.  D.D. 
by  U.C.  1822. 

1  le  was  the  impersonification  of  activity,  decision,  energy,  and  perse- 
vering industry;  you  could  see  all  this  in  his  very  expression  and  manner. 
His  motto  seemed  to  be  onward  and  onward  still  further,  upward  and  up- 
ward still  higher.  He  seemed  to  say  in  his  every  movement,  life  admits 
not  of  amusement,  or  of  procrastination,  or  even  of  useless  speculation. 
He  was  everywhere  the  thorough  man  of  business,  the  thoroughly  practical 
man.  It  is  said  of  him  that,  even  when  leaving  his  home  for  recreation, 
he  provided  himself  with  texts,  pens,  ink,  and  paper,  that  he  might  spend 
some  of  his  time  in  the  composition  of  sermons,  and  be  beforehand  with 
his  work.  His  remarks  to  the  students  when  meeting  them  for  the  first 
time  after  his  inauguration  as  professor  in  the  theological  seminary,  throw 
light  upon  his  character,  "Young  gentlemen,  you  must  expect,  while  under 
my  charge,  to  study  hard,  and  1  will  set  you  an  example."  The  example 
was  before  them  but  a  short  time.  The  professor  of  much  promise  and 
lofty  aspirations  was  very  soon  laid  low  by  disease,  resulting  in  death.  The 
church  expected  much  from  him,  and  on  good  grounds ;  but  God  had  or- 
dered it  otherwise.  Had  he  been  permitted  to  live  and  to  retain  his  health, 
he  would  have  effected  much. — Rev.  Dr.  G.  Ludlow. — "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  i. 
140,  233,  265,  269. — "Evang.  Quarterly,"  ii.  114. — "Sprague's  Annals." — 
"Centennial  of  N.B.  Sem.,"  435. 

Woods,   John.     Gibbonsville.    1835-6,    Montville.    1838,    S.S.    at    Preakness, 

Dec.  1842-June,  1843. 
Woolsey,  A.  B.    New  Concord,  1898. 

Wormser,  Andrew,  b.  at  Nyverdale,  Neths.,  1846;  H.C.  72,  H.S.  75.  he 
CI.  Holland,  Bethel,  Iowa,  75-8,  Cleveland,  78-81,  Cedar  Grove.  Wis. 
81-7,  Grand  Haven,  1st,  87-90,  S.S.  Wormser  City,  Mont.  1891,  w.  c. 

Wormser,  William.  N.B.S.  1882,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Passaic  (Hoi.),  1882-4,  S.S. 
Bethel  (near  Pella),  84-6,  Jamestown,  84-9. 

Worrall,  Henry  Rufus  Lantford,  M.D.,  b.  N.Y.C,  Jan.  28,  1862;  R.C. 
84,  Dartmouth  Med.  Coll.  93,  lie.  by  Methodist  Epis.  Ch.  1894;  Mission- 
ary, Busrah,  Arabia,  1894 

Wortman,  Denis,  b.  Ap.  30,  1835,  Hopewell,  N.Y. ;  A.C.  57,  N.B.S.  60,  1. 
G.  Poughkeepsie ;  South  Bushwick,  60-3,  Philadelphia,  3d,  63-5, 
Schenectady,  1st,  65-70,  supplying  churches,  70-80,  Fort  Plain,  80-83, 

Saugerties,  83-1901.     Trustee  of  Union   College.    1883 Pres.   Gen. 

Synod.  1901. 


THE    MINISTRY.  919 

Publications  :  Address :  "Living  for  Principles,  or  the  Right  against 
the  Expedient";  before  the  Anti-Secret  Society  of  Rutgers  College,  May 
7,  1862.— Farewell  Sermon  to  Ref.  D.  Ch.  of  S.  Bushwick,  Brooklyn,  E.D. 
"Brooklyn  Times,"  Nov.  3,  1863.— "Sketch  of  Edward  Hitchcock.  D.D., 
LL.D."  In  "Ch.  Int.,"  March  17,  1864. — Sermon  on  "Death  of  President 
Lincoln."  1865. — "Welcome  Home  to  the  Soldiers."  A  sermon  before  the 
Veterans  at  the  close  of  the  Rebellion,  July  9,  1865.  In  "Schenectady  Daily 
Star." — Article,  "Resume  of  the  Geological  Argument."  In  "American 
Presbyter  and  Theol.  Review,"  Oct.  1865,  pp.  613-640;  reprinted,  in  large 
part,  in  three  Nos.  of  "Ch.  Int.,"  Oct.  and  Nov.,  1865.— A  few  Letters  from' 
Europe.  "Ch.  Int."  and  Schenectady  papers,  1867.— Address  before  the 
Evangelical  Alliance,  Amsterdam,  Holland,  1867,  imperfectly  reported  in 
"Evangelische  Alliantie,"  pp.  318,  319.— Articles  on  various  subjects  in  the 
"Ch.  Int.,"  and  accounts  of  sermons,  etc.,  in  "Schenectady  Union"  and 
"Star."— Sermon  on  Baptismal  Sabbath.  1868.— Address  at  Semi-Centen- 
nial  of  2d  Ref.  Ch.  of  Glenville,  N.Y.  In  "Glenville  Semi-Cent.  Memorial." 
Addresses  before  N.Y.  State  Convention  of  Y.M.C.A.,  1868,  reported  in 
"Proceedings,"  and  at  Anniversary  of  Schenectady  Y.M.C.A.,  1869.  In 
"Schenectady  Star." — Some  fugitive  poetry. — Several  articles  on  Prof. 
Tayler  Lewis  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  1878. 

"The  Pulpit  in  a  Silent  Home":  Sermon  on  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Myers.  1880. 
—Thanksgiving  Ser.  1880.— Address  at  200th  Anniv.  of  1st  R.D.C.,  Schen- 
ectady, 1880.— "Garfield,"  1881.— "Bible  Revised,"  1882.— "Hon.  Webster 
Wagner,"  1882.— "J.  R.  Simms,  the  Historian  of  the  Mohawk  Valley," 
1882.— "Gordon,  of  Soudan,"  i883.--"Gen.  Grant,"  1883.— "To  the  Union 
Veterans,"  1884. — "Mastership  through  Service":  Prayer-day  Sermon,  Rut- 
gers Coll.  1884.— "The  Immortalities  of  Man,"  Union  Coll.  1885.— "Imme- 
diate Evangelization  of  America,"  1886. — "Lessons  from  the  Quarries": 
Geology  of  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.  1886.— "Reliques  of  the  Christ":  a  Poem,  pp. 
66;  (E.  P.  Dutton,  N.Y.  1888;  2  editions).— "Lessons  from  the  Figless 
Fig  Tree":  Wellesley  Col.  1888.— Add.  at  Anniv.  of  Maine  State  Bible Soc, 
Portland,  1889.— "Preaching  for  our  Times,"  1889.— "President  Laurence 
P.  Hickock,  D.D.,  LL.D.,"  1888.— "Review  of  Looking  Backward."  "Ch. 
Int.,"  1889.— "The  XXth  Century,"  1891.— "The  Overcrowded  Inn,"  1891. 
— "How  We  Helped  Pay  the  Missionary  Debt":  a  Poem,  1892. — Address 
at  the  Funeral  of  Vice-President,  and  Prof.  T.  S.  Doolittle,  D.D.,  LL.D., 
1893. — "The  Divine  Processional":  Poem  read  before  Delta  Upsilon  Con- 
vention, Waterville  College,  Me.,  1894;  and  printed  (not  published),  in 
"Delta  Upsilon  Magazine,"  being  a  small  portion  of  a  contemplated  volume. 
— "Wortman  Genealogy,"  1894. — Dedication  Hymn  of  Jay  Gould's  Memo- 
rial Church,  1895.— "President  Julius  H.  Seelye,  D.D.,  LL.D.,"  1895.— "The 
Woe  of  Armenia":  Poem,  1896.— "Richard  C.  Van  Wyck,  M.D.,"  1896. — 
"Hon.  Wm.  F.  Russell,"  1896. — "Preachers  and  their  Hymns":  Two  arti- 
cles in  "Homiletical  Rev.,"  1896. — "Epithalanium" :  Poem  at  Golden 
Wedding  of  Rev.  Dr.  and  Mrs.  A.  G.  Vermilye.  1897. — "Important  Sugges- 
tions from  our  Uncertainties  Concerning  the  Great  Date  of  the  Birth  of 
Jesus":  "Horn.  Rev.,"  1898. — Letters  from  Bermuda,  1898. — "Our  Wider 
American  Domain,"  and  National  Hymn.  "Our  Country  for  the  World," 


920  THE    MINISTRY. 

1808. — "A  Kaleidoscopic  Text":  "Horn.  Rev.,"  June,  1899. — "How  Can  We 
Know  the  Way?"  Sermon  before  Cornell  University,  1899. — "Spiritual 
Lessons  of  Total  Eclipse,"  1900. — "Christians,  God's  Poems,"  (Workman- 
ship), 1901. — Also  numerous  articles  on  Indian  Questions,  Practical  Re- 
ligion, Book  Reviews,  Poems,  etc.,  etc.,  in  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  "In- 
dependent," "Evangelist,"  "Observer,"  "Christian  Work,"  "Mail  and  Ex- 
press," etc.     See  also  "Robinson's  Annotations  on  Popular  Hymns." 

Wright,  Chs.  S.,  b.  in  N.Y. ;  R.C.  1873,  N.B.S.  76,  lie.  S.  CI.  L.I. ;  Flat- 
bush  Mission,  77-83,  Jersey  City  Heights,  1883 

Wright,  Frank  Hall  (Indian),  b.  Old  Boggy  Depot,  Indian  Territory, 
Jan.  1,  i860;  U.C.  82;  U.T.S.  82-5;  ord.  by  Presb.  of  Ind.  Ter.  Aug. 
23,  85;  (foreign  missionary,  at  Old  Boggy  Depot,  Ind.  Ter.  85-90; 
Evangelist  in  N.Y.  and  NJ.  90-2;  in  Ind.  Ter.  92-3)  ;  in  Harlem, 
N.Y.C.,  having  joined  Refd.  Ch.  in  Am.  94-5;  Miss,  to  Blanket  In- 
dians, Oklahoma  Ter.   1895 

Wurts,  John  Conrad  (formerly  spelled  Wirtz),  (s.  of  Rev.  J.  C.  Wurts,  of 
Zurich,  Switzerland.)  Sancon,  and  Springfield,  Pa.  1746-49;  Rocka- 
way  and  Valley,  N.J.  1750  62;  York,  Pa.  1762-63.     Died. 

Born  in  Zurich,  Switzerland,  1706,  he,  when  a  young  man,  was  an  officer 
in  the  army  of  the  King  of  the  Netherlands.  Later  he  practiced  law  at 
Zurich.  With  a  large  band  of  Switzers  and  Palatines,  he  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  1735,  and  settled  in  Pennsylvania,  where,  unlicensed,  he  preached  to 
the  people,  at  their  earnest  solicitation,  that  they  might  not  be  altogether 
without  the  word  of  life.  He  frankly  stated  the  circumstances  to  Schlatter, 
and  asked  for  a  regular  induction  to  the  ministry,  for  which  his  studies 
and  experience  had  fitted  him.  This  he  failed  to  obtain  from  Schlatter. 
Later,  in  1752,  the  Presbytery  of  New  Brunswick  ordained  him  over  the 
Church  of  Rockaway,  which  had  sought  their  care  and  government.  He 
was  dismissed  from  the  Rockaway  Church,  in  1762,  that  he  might  accept  a 
call  to  York,  Pa.  Here  his  ministry  was  short,  for  he  died  in  1763.  In 
York,  his  last  settlement,  tradition  has  preserved  his  name  in  good  savor, 
as  an  earnest  and  pious  minister.  At  the  laying  of  the  cornerstone  of  his 
new  church,  at  York,  he  said,  "In  the  church  now  to  be  erected,  may  piety 
preside,  holiness  reign,  truth  ever  prevail,  love  and  harmony  dwell,  that  the 
congregation  may  uninterruptedly  flourish." — "Harbaugh's  Lives  and 
Rev.  W.  A.  Wurts." 

Wurts,  Wm.  A.,  b.  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  1838;  LaFayette  Col.,  N.B.S.  62,  1. 
CI.  Philadelphia;  Canastota,  63-8,  (Vernon  Presbyt.,  S.S.,  68-71)  ;  Ly- 
sander,  71-6;  S.S.  Canastota,  77-8,  Woodstock,  82-6,  Berne  and  Beaver- 
dam,  86-93,  Hagaman,  93-1901. 

Wust,  W.  C,  from  Holland;  Buffalo,  (Hoi.),  1855-6,  Rochester,  56-64, 
Lodi,  (Holl.),  N.J.,  64-8,  suspended,  (Lodi,  N.J.,  independent,  68-78, 
ret.  to  Holland.) 

Wyberg,  see  Weyberg. 

Wyckoff,  Abram  Nevius,  b.  at  Bedminster,  N.J.,  1844;  R.C.  62,  N.B.S.  67, 
1.  CI.  Raritan ;  Glenham,  67-71,  in  Europe,  71-74,  Centennial  Chapel  of 


THE    MINISTRY.  g2I 

ist  R.D.C.,  Brooklyn,  75-79,   (New  Orleans,  Canal   St..  Presbyt,   1879- 
S3),  w.  c.     Died  May  10,  1895. 

He  was  honored  with  a  godly  ancestry,  who  for  years  had  been  active 
supporters  of  the  Bedminster  Church.  He  had  an  active  mind,  and  was  an 
earnest  student.  His  travels  through  Europe  and  the  Holy  Land,  and  his 
studies  in  Germany  and  Switzerland,  added  greatly  to  his  discipline  and 
resources  acquired  at  home.  So  with  natural  and  acquired  abilities,  he 
became  a  minister  well  equipped  for  service.  As  preacher  and  pastor  he 
met  with  marked  acceptance.  His  sermons  were  instructive  and  impres- 
sive, and  the  people  heard  him  gladly;  for  he  was  a  student  of  the  Word, 
and  brought  "beaten  oil"  into  the  sanctuary.  He  had  a  spirit  of  meekness, 
modesty  and  Christian  courtesy  which  commended  him  and  his  work.  His 
kind  and  genial  nature  made  many  friends,  to  whom  he  was  true.  His 
sympathies  were  in  constant  exercise,  and  his  ministrations  in  the  homes 
of  his  parishioners  most  helpful.  Early  indications  of  physical  weakness 
and  love  of  study  sent  him  abroad ;  and  after  eighteen  years  of  service, 
his  ailments  compelled  him  to  lay  aside  the  active  duties  of  the  ministry. 
He  made  the  entire  journey  homeward,  from  New  Orleans,  on  horseback, 
hoping  for  renewed  vigor  thereby.  For  ten  years  he  had  a  hard  battle  with 
disease,  which  he  fought  at  home  on  his  farm  in  Bedminster.  His  malady 
was  peculiar  and  exceedingly  painful,  yet  borne  with  marked  patience  and 
cherfulness.  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1895,  219. — "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads. 
R.C.,"  1895,  12. 

Wyckoff,  Ab.  V.,  b.  in  New  Brunswick,  1823;  R.C.  42,  N.B.S.  45,  1.  CI. 
N.B.;  Prattsville,  46-51,  Greenburgh,  51-2,  died  Oct.  20. 

Publication:     "Sketch  of  Rev.  F.  B.  Thompson,"'  with  portrait.     1853. 

Wyckoff,  Benj.  V.  D.,  b.  at  Middlebush,  N.J.,  June  1,  1856;  R.C.  75,  N.B.S. 
78,  lie.  CI.  N.B.;  Preakness,  1878-84,  Readington,  1884 

Publications  :  Historical  Discourse  at  175th  Anniv.  of  Readington 
Church,  1894. 

Wyckoff,  Charles  Sterling,  b.  West  Troy,  N.Y.,  March  20,  1866;  R.C. 
88,  N.B.S.  91,  lie.  N.  CI.  L.I. ;  Manito  and  Spring  Lake,  91-4,  S.  Phil- 
adelphia,   96-8,   S.   West    Troy,  98-9,     Grace    Chapel,   Flatbush,  L.  I. 

1899 

Wyckoff,   Cor.,  b.  in  Readington,  N.  J.,   1810:  R.C.  35,  N.B.S.  38,  1.  CI. 
Philadelphia;   Northumberland,  38-41,  Rochester,  41-65,   High  Bridge, 
66-9,  d.  at  New  Brunswick,  May,  1870.     See  Manual  of  1879. 
Wyckoff,  Cornelius  Emerick  (s.  of  Rev.  De  Witt  B.  Wyckoff),  b.  at  Wood- 
stock, N.Y ,  1867;  R.C.  (left  on  account  of  illness)  ;  N.B.S.  91, 

1.  CI.  Rensselaer;  Castleton,  N.Y.  91-3,  Bethany  Chapel,  Brooklyn,  93- 

7,  Irvington,  NJ.  97-1901,  Ap.  11,  d. 

Few  ministers  were  better  equipped  for  successful  work.     Mental  ability. 

consecration  and  executive  force  made  him  a  man  of  great  promise.  '  He 

captivated  both  young  and  old.     He  was  the  General  Sec.  and  Treas.  of 

the  Society  of  Andrew  and  Philip,  and  was  recognized  as  pre-eminently  the 


922  THE    MINISTRy. 

man  for  the  place.  To  it  he  gave  time,  money  and  toil,  and  was  a  master 
in  details ;  but  he  had  hardly  begun  his  work,  when,  in  the  mysterious 
orderings  of  Providence,  he  was  called  up  higher.  See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.," 
1901,  1253. — "Biog.  Notices  R.C.,"  1901.  19. 

Wyckoff,  De  Witt  Bevier  (s.  of  Cor.  Wyekoff),  b.  at  Rochester,  Ulster 
Co.,  N.Y.,  Nov.  17,  1842;  R.C.  62,  N.B.S.  65;  1.  CI.  Kingston;  Wood- 
stock, 65-70,  Gallatin,  70-80,  Hurley,  80-87,  Ghent,  1st,  87-1894.  Died 
Oct.  15,  1895. 

He  joined  the  church  at  11  years  of  age,  and  at  once  had  the  ministry 
in  view.  He  was  an  earnest  minister  of  Christ,  and  adorned  his  religion 
by  a  pure  and  holy  spirit.  All  his  relations  in  life  were  influenced  by  the 
indwelling  Christ.  His  ministry  was  earnest  and  consecrated.  "Mints. 
Gen.  Syn.,"  1896,  491. — "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,"  1896,  22. 

Wyckoff,  Garret,  b.  Roycefield,  N.J..  Aug.  13.  1855:  R.C.  81,  N.B.S.  84, 
1.  CI.  Passaic;  Annandale,  N..T.  84-5,  Currytown,  X.Y.  85-7,  Metuchen, 
NJ.  87-94,  Holmdel,  NJ.  1894 Ph.D.  by  Taylor  University,  1900. 

Wyckoff,  Henry  V.  (brother  of  I.  N.  Wyckoff),  b.  near  Millstone,  N.J., 
1771  ;  studied  under  Livingston,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1798;  Charleston,  1799- 
1803?  Charleston,  2d,  1803-20,  suspended;  1822,  seceded;  Charleston, 
2d,  Sec.  22-9,  Charleston  Independent,  29-1830,  d.  1835,  March  6. 
Buried  at  Glen,   N.Y. 

He  was  settled  as  a  minister  in  the  town  of  Charleston  for  thirty-five 
years.  "In  the  hearts  of  those  who  best  knew  him  is  erected  an  enduring 
monument  of  his  noble  and  generous  spirit,  his  firm  and  steady  friendship, 
his  liberal  benefactions  to  the  poor  and  distressed,  his  spiritual  endow- 
ments as  a  Christian,  and  his  fearless  publications  of  the  precious  doctrines 
of  the  Cross." 

Publication  :  Reason  for  withdrawing  from  Reformed  Dutch  Church. 
1820. 

Wyckoff,  Isaac  N.,  b.  near  Milstone,  N.J.,   1792;  R.C.   1813,   N.B.S.   1817, 
1.  CI.  N.B.  1817;  Leeds,  1818-33,  Catskill,  1833-6,  Albany,  2d,  1836-66, 
d.   1869.    Elected  a  trustee  of  R.C.   1851.    D.D.  by  U.C.   1838.  by  R.C. 
1839. 
He  began  the  study  of  the  classics  under  Rev.  John  M.  Van  Harlingen, 
of  Millstone,    in    1806.     His   father  dying  when   he   had   only   begun   his 
studies,  he  was  thrown  very  much  on  his  own  resources.     He  taught  and 
labored  to  supply  the  necessary  means   for  his  education.     While  in  the 
seminary  he  also  was  principal  of  a  Young  Ladies'  School  in  New  Bruns- 
wick.   In  the  ministry  he  was  most  active,  energetic,  and  devoted.     While 
in  his  first  charge,  greatly  through  his  efforts,  he  had  the  satisfaction  of 
seeing  four  new  churches  organized,  contiguous  to  his  own  field.     During 
his  thirty  years  of  service  at  Albany,  he  received  more  than  a  thousand  into 
the    communion  of    the    church.     He  was    especially  noted  for  his    kind 
offices  to  all  in  need  of  consolation  or  advice.     His  opinion  was  sought  after 
by  all  classes.     He  gladly  left  his  study  and  his  books  to  do  any  favor  pos- 


T-- .  - 


£aj5dbTAIlEitchie- 


THE    MINISTRY. 


922. 


sible,  even  for  the  humblest.  He  was  well  acquainted  with  the  personal, 
mental,  moral,  and  social  condition  of  his  numerous  flock.  He  was,  more- 
over, the  unwearied  friend  of  the  more  recent  Holland  immigrants,  many 
of  whom  are  greatly  indebted  to  him  for  his  opportune  advice  and  assist- 
ance. He  was  also  ever  foremost  among  the  friends  of  every  benevolent 
institution.  For  the  last  twenty  years  of  his  active  life  he  was  the  earnest, 
faithful  committee-man.  Not  a  few  young  men  were  also  indebted  to  his 
kindly  assistance  in  reaching  the  ministry. 

He  was  a  man  of  simple,  honest,  cheerful,  unaffected  piety.  There  was 
nothing  sour  or  repulsive  in  his  composition.  Gloom  and  austerity  were 
not  ingredients  in  his  religion.  Being  a  Christian  disciple  without  reserve, 
he  rejoiced  to  know  and  to  do  his  Master's  will.  His  cheerfulness,  his' 
self-control,  his  patience,  his  charity,  all  were  tried,  as  God  tries  the  graces 
of  all  His  people ;  but  it  was  plain  to  those  who  knew  him  best,  that  in  the 
sunshine  and  in  the  shade  he  could  "sing  songs  of  holy  ecstasy,  to  waft 
him  to  the  skies." 

His  home  he  made  a  Bethel.  His  hospitality  was  unbounded.  Strangers 
and  friends  were  welcome  to  his  board,  but  none  ever  passed  his  threshold, 
to  converse  with  him  in  the  seclusion  of  his  abode,  without  feeling  that 
they  had  communed  with  a  man  who  walked  with  God. 

To  him  religion  was  not  a  pack  to  be  carried  on  bent  shoulders,  and 
opened  now  and  then  for  exhibition  to  the  curious,  but  an  inward  foun- 
tain, always  running  and  always  clear.  The  spontaneity  of  his  faith,  pre- 
cluded the  indulgence  of  mere  cant.  The  light  of  the  cross  was  on  his 
brow,  and  the  breath  of  Olivet  animated  his  speech.  He  seldom  or  never 
made  harsh  and  uncharitable  remarks  concerning  others.  A  shrewd  ob- 
server and  a  discriminating  judge  of  conduct,  still  such  was  the  habit  of 
his  heart  that  even  in  cases  where  he  had  suffered  injury,  he  strove  to  find 
some  room  for  the  exercise  of  patient  charity.  To  hear  him  pray  in  his 
family  circle  was  to  be  borne  up  to  the  mount  of  vision.  Then  the  father's 
heart  mounted  to  the  prophet's  lips,  and  he  seemed  to  converse  with  God— 
as  friend  holds  fellowship  with  friend.  In  all  his  domestic  regulations 
there  was  a  savor  of  heaven,  and  none  could  see  him  in  the  quiet  ways  of 
his  household  without  saying,  "There  is  a  man  who  lives  his  religion,  and 
whose  religion  is  his  life." 

He  was  preeminently  a  Biblical  preacher,  combining  the  doctrinal,  prac- 
tical, and  experimental.  His  person,  voice,  manner,  and  matter  were  strik- 
ing, and  accordingly  he  took  a  front  rank  among  the  leading  pulpit  divines 
of  the  State  of  New  York.  His  style  of  composition  was  picturesque,  and 
on  this  account  there  seemed  to  be  in  his  sermons,  at  times,  a  contest  be- 
tween imagination  and  the  logic  of  homely  words.  But  every  discourse 
was  directed  to  the  great  end  of  all  right  and  good  preaching,  namely,  the 
instruction  and  edification  nf  the  hearer.  He  studied  to  make  the  Word  of 
God  the  foundation  of  every  discourse.  As  a  rule,  his  sermons  were  clear 
and  powerful  applications  of  truth  to  the  hearts,  consciences,  and  judg- 
ments of  his  congregation. 

He  published  several  sermons,  addresses,  and  articles  on  special  subjects 
for  the  newspapers  and  magazines.    The  "Columbia  County  Preacher,"  the 


924  THE    MINISTRY 

"National  Preacher,"  and  the  archives  of  several  institutions,  contain  many 
of  his  published  productions.  He  was  a  copious  contributor  to  the  "Annals 
of  the  American  Pulpit,"  by  Dr.  Sprague. — Memorial  containing  sermons 
by  Drs.  Porter  and  Elmendorf. 

Publications:  Address  before  Tract  Soc.  In  "N.  Y.  Observer,"  May 
19,  1827. — "Christian  Example."  On  the  Death  of  Chr.  Miller.  1844. — Ad- 
dress at  Fun.  of  Rev.  David  Abeel.  1846. — "Stability  of  the  Times."  July 
4,  1852. — Ser.  on  Death  of  David  Pruyn,  1843;  and  on  Death  of  Hibertie 
Pruyn,  1855. — "John,  surnamed  Boanerges" :  a  Disc,  on  Death  of  Rev. 
Dr.  John  Ludlow.  1857. — "She  is  not  Dead,  but  Sleepeth."  1858. — "The 
Spiritual  Portrait."  On  Death  of  Hon.  Jacob  Lansing.  1858.— Address  at 
Quarter-Century  Celebration  of  Pastorate.  1861. — "The  Righteous  Enter- 
ing into  Peace."  On  Death  of  Ab.  F.  Lansing.  1861—  An  Inaug.  Charge 
at  Hope  College.  1866.  In  "Hope  College  Remembrancer." — Arts,  in 
"Sprague's  Annals,"  on  Rev.  J.  M.  Van  Harlingen,  Jacob  Sickles,  Jacob 
Schoonmaker,  Peter  P.  Rouse,  David  Abeel,  W.  J.  Pohlman. — Sermons  in 
the  "Columbia  Co.  Preacher,"  and  the  "Nat.  Preacher." 

Wyckoff,  Jacob  Snediker,  b.  July  22,  1834,  at  New  Lots,  L.I.  R.C.  53, 
N.B.S.  56,  lie.  S.  CI.  L.I. ;  Colt's  Neck,  56-65,  West  Troy,  South,  65-70, 
w.  c.     Died  July  30,  1883. 

Wyckoff,  Jas.,  b.  Lodi,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  16,  1839;  R.C.  61,  N.B.S.  64,  1.  CI. 
Geneva;  Queens,  64-71,  Bushnell,  71-4,  Germantown,  75-83.  (Pine 
Plains,  (Presbyt.)  83-96;  Leonia  (Chr.  Refd.  Ch.)  96-9,  Leonia, 
(Presbyt.)   1899 ) 

Publications  :  Sermon  on  Life  and  Character  of  Rev.  Geo.  De  Witt 
Bodine. — Two  Sermons  and  two  Addresses  in  "Banner  of  Truth." — "Our 
Sons  in  the  Ministry,"  in  "Ovid  Independent." — Contributions  to  papers. 

[His  son,  James  Talmage  Wyckoff,  M.D.,  went  as  a  medical  missionary  to 
Arabia  in  Jan.  6,  1894,  but  was  obliged  to  return  the  next  fall,  because 
of  sunstroke.] 

Wykoff,  John  Henky,  b.  Roycefield,  Somerset  Co.,  N.J.,  Sept.  28,  1851 ; 
R.C.  71,  N.B.S.  74,  lie.  CI.  N.B. ;  voyage  to  India,  Nov.  74-5,  Jan.; 
Vellore,  75-6,  Tindevanam,  74-86  (Home  Missionary,  Presbyt.  Ch., 
Orange   Road,    Florida,   87-8),    Claverack,    N.Y.,   89-92,   Tindevanam, 

India,  1892 

D.D.  by  H.C.  1892;  by  R.C.  1899. 

Publications  :  Sketch  of  the  Arcot  Miss,  in  English,  1885 ;  Tamil, 
1901. — Sundry  Letters  to  Papers  and  Magazines: — In  "Harvest  Field," 
Mysore,  India:  (1)  "Co-operation  in  Mission  Work,"  1894.  (2)  "De- 
velopment of  the  Native  Pastorate,"  June,  1895.  (3)  "The  Kudumi,"  Nov. 
and  Dec,  1897.  (4)  "Discipline  in  the  Native  Church,"  Nov.,  1900.  (5) 
"Harvest  Festivals,"  June,  1901. 

Editor,  "Mongola  Vasanam,"  1895-1901,  an  Anglo-Tamil  Paper  published 
by  the  Arcot  Mission.  Since  1900  the  joint  organ  of  the  Church  of  Scot- 
land, the  Free  Church  of  Scotland,  and  the  Arcot  Mission. 

Sermons. — "Blessings  of  the   Hard   Times."     In  "Hudson    (N.Y.)    Re- 


THE    MINISTRY.  Q2$ 

publican,"  Mar.  1891. — "Sketch  of  Rev.  Richard  Sluyter,"  Claverack,  1890. — 
Sermons  in  Tamil,  published  in  the  "Tamil  Homiletical  Magazine"  and  the 
"Mongola  Vasanam." 

Wyckoff,  Theodore  F.,  (son  of  I.  N.  Wyckoff)  ;  b.  at  Catskill,  1820;  R.C. 
39,  N.B.S.  42,  1.  CI.  Albany;  Ghent,  2d,  43-4,  South  West  Troy,  45-54. 
St.  Thomas,  W.I.,  54-5,  d.  Jan.  19.     See  "Manual  of  1879." 

Wynkoop,  Jefferson,  (brother  of  Richard  Wynkoop),  b.  N.Y.C.  Sept.  11, 
1S01;  C.C.  and  U.C.  19,  N.B.S.  24,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  West  New  Hempstead 
and  Ramapo,  25-36,  Athens,  38-42  (Gilbertsville,  Delhi,  and  Cuba.  N.Y., 
Presbyt.,  42-54),  Sec.  of  Society  for  Ameliorating  the  Condition  of  the 
Jews.     Died  Aug.  21,  1855. 

After  preaching  very  acceptably  at  Somerville,  he  received  the  offer  of  a 
call,  but  declined  it  on  account  of  his  deep  interest  in  the  temperance  cause, 
which  was  just  then  greatly  revived  in  his  own  congregation,  and  in  the 
region  around.  In  temperance  work  and  religious  revivals  Mr.  Wynkoop 
was  particularly  active  and  zealous.  While  at  Athens  a  large  number  were 
added  to  the  church.  The  revival  extended  to  several  churches  across  the 
Hudson,  among  them  a  Lutheran  church,  whose  pastor  was  so  thoroughly 
roused  and  anxious  to  save  souls  that  he  died  from  excessive  labor.  Mr. 
Wynkoop  himself  felt  his  health  giving  way  under  the  pressure  of  his  ardor 
for  revival  work,  and  was  compelled  to  retire  from  the  active  duties  of  the 
ministry. 

His  residence  in  Otsego  County,  N.  Y.,  was  determined  by  the  fact  that 
his  family  held  property  there.  This  he  managed  with  judgment,  and  for 
years  lived  comfortably  on  his  income  from  such  sources.  This  income 
was  used  with  conscientious  and  unostentatious  benevolence.  The  re- 
cipients of  his  generosity  did  not  always  know  to  whom  they  were  indebted 
for  relief.  The  writer  of  these  lines  was  repeatedly  made  his  almoner,  and 
cherished  the  memory  of  the  kind  and  hearty  Christian  words  which 
accompanied  his  gifts.  One  of  the  chief  enjoyments  of  his  last  years  was 
found  in  keeping  pace  with  the  advance  of  knowledge.  Having  received 
a  broad  and  thorough  education  at  the  outset,  it  was  his  pleasure  to  con- 
tinue familiar  with  the  discoveries  and  thought  of  these  fruitful  years. 

Wynkoop,  Peter  Silvester,  b.  at  Kingston,  March  28,  1787;  U.C.  1807,  N.B.S. 
13,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  assistant  of  Vredenburgh,  at  Raritan,  13-14,  Catskill, 
14-17,  Hyde  Park  (Staatsburgh),  17-20,  Hyde  Park  and  Pleasant  Plain, 
20-2,  Ghent  and  Hillsdale,  23-40,  Ghent  and  Claverack,  2d,  40-3,  Ghent, 
43-4,  Blooming  Grove,  44-8,  d.  Nov.  1. 

He  pursued  the  study  of  the  law,  and  began  to  practice  his  profession  in 
1810,  but  about  this  time  his  heart  was  touched  by  grace,  and  he  promptly 
and  cheerfully  relinquished  the  prospect  of  worldly  honor  and  emolument, 
and  gave  himself  to  the  ministry.  His  labors  were  largely  blessed.  His 
views  of  divine  truth  were  clear  and  discriminating;  his  faith  was  the  result 
of  intelligent  conviction,  and  he  was  firm  in  his  adherance  to  it.  There  was 
no  tendency  in  his  mind  to  indulge  in  novel  speculations.  Intent  on  the 
great  objects  of  the  ministry,  realizing  that    he  watched  for  souls,  as  one 


926  THE    MINISTRY. 

that  must  give  account,  his  talents  and  time  were  not  wasted  on  questions 
of  doubtful  disputation,  which  minister  strife  but  do  not  edify.  He  prac- 
tically adopted  the  resolution  of  the  apostle  to  know  nothing  but  Christ. 
His  discourses  were  constructed  with  a  constant  regard  to  the  spiritual 
interests  of  his  flock.  As  a  vigilant  observer  of  circumstances  which  aid 
the  impression  of  truth,  he  exhibited  skill  in  giving  to  each  his  portion  in 
due  season.  His  earnestness  of  manner  indicated  that  it  was  the  utterance 
of  truth  which  had  its  residence  in  the  heart,  and  that,  as  he  believed,  he 
spoke.  His  hearers  were  regarded  as  hastening  to  the  retribution  of  the 
eternal  state,  and  his  aim  was,  by  the  manifestation  of  truth,  to  commend 
himself  to  every  man's  conscience  in  the  sight  of  God.  He  was  faithful 
and  diligent  in  the  cultivation  of  personal  piety;  he  was  accustomed  to  a 
strict  scrutiny  of  his  heart,  bringing  himself  to  the  oracles  of  God,  as  a 
standard  by  which  his  spiritual  character  was  to  be  determined.  He  was 
a  man  of  prayer.  He  was  accustomed  to  retire  and  seek  at  his  Father's 
throne  the  anointings  of  the  Spirit,  which  invigorated  his  own  soul,  and  in- 
fused a  spiritual  fragrance  through  his  ministry  and  life.  Hi?  walk  was 
close  with  God.  His  meditations  of  him  were  sweet,  filling  up  many  of  his 
hours.  At  noon,  as  well  as  at  evening  and  morning,  he  bowed  at  the  family 
altar.  He  was  strictly  conscientious,  even  to  personal  sacrifices.  His  time, 
his  powers,  his  influence,  were  unreservedly  and  fully  consecrated  to  God. 
No  motives  of  personal  ambition  or  advancement  found  place  in  his  heart. 
— Memorial  Sermon  by  Rev.  E.  Holmes. 

Wynkoop,  Richard,   b.  N.Y.C.   Dec.    16,    1798:   C.C.    1819,   N.B.S.   22;   lie. 

by  2d  Presbyt.  N.Y.  (Assoc.  Ref.)  Ap.  5,  26;  Miss,  at  Cato,  N.Y.,  Oct. 

29,  26-7.  Jan.  31;    (Yorktown,  Westchester  Co..  N.Y.,  May  6,  27-34, 

\|>.  20;  Hagerstown,  Md.,  May  4.  34-42,  d.  Ap.  5  1 

Nearly  his  whole  ministry  was  spent  in  the  Presbyterian   Church.     The 

church  at  Hagerstown  returned  to  the  Assoc.  Ref.  Ch.  during  his  pastorate 

there  in  1838. 

He  was  the  son  of  Peter  Wynkoop  and  Margaret  Quackenbos.  He  mar- 
ried, August  10,  1825,  Catharine,  daughter  of  Jas.  Schureman  and  Eleanor 
Williamson,  of  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  and  sister  of  Rev.  Dr.  John  Schure- 
man. (  S.  in  rem  w,  John.)  In  bis  youth  he  was  fond  of  active  exercise 
and  manly  <ports,  and  acquired  a  vigorous  constitution.  He  was  tali,  mus- 
cular and  athletic,  formed  for  labor  and  endurance,  and  the  movements  of 
bis  body,  like  the  operations  of  bis  mind,  wore  quick  and  agile.  In  the 
ministry,  truth  was  the  object  of  all  his  investigations,  and  to  his  researches 
he  brought  a  mind  quick,  penetrating,  strong  and  logical.  He  would  seize 
upon  the  points  of  inquiry  with  the  rapidity  of  lightning,  and  trace  them 
through  mazes  of  difficulty  with  the  care  and  quickness  of  intuition.  Ever 
on  the  alert  to  detect  error,  be  was  sure  to  expose  it  on  every  proper  occa- 
often  using  the  weapons  of  sarcasm  and  ridicule,  which  be  wielded 
with  great  skill,  and  sometimes  with  prodigious  effect.  In  the  distinctive 
faith  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  he  could  clearly,  ably  and  satisfactorily 
Miid  its  mooted  point-.  He  possessed  the  reasoning  faculty  in  uncom- 
mon power.     His  sermons  wen-  among  the  finest   specimens  of  logic;  and 


THE    MINISTRY.  927 

this  character  was  awarded  to  them  by  many  men  of  the  Bar,  and  of  other 
professions,  who  were  attracted  by  his  remarkable  powers.  His  object  was 
to  communicate  instruction,  and  in  this  he  never  failed.  His  preaching  was 
upon  texts,  not  upon  subjects.  He  thought  out  his  sermons  fully  and 
effectually,  but  without  writing  them.  His  manner  was  plain,  simple,  and 
dignified.  His  whole  manner  and  appearance  in  the  pulpit  indicated  his 
own  sense  of  the  solemnity  of  the  errand  on  which  he  stood  there,  and 
awakened  corresponding  emotions  in  those  whom  he  addressed. — See 
"Sprague's  Annals  of  the  American  Pulpit,"  vol.  ix.,  and  "Wynkoop  Gene- 
alogy," 1878,  pp.  102,  130. 

Yasadian,  V.  (Hindoo),  studied  under  the  missionaries  in  India,  1.  CI. 
Arcot,  1867. 

Yates,  Andrew,  b.  in  Schenectady.  1772;  Y.C.  1793.  studied  theology  under 
Livingston,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1796;  Prof.  Latin  and  Greek  in  Union  College, 
1797-1801,  (East  Hartford,  Cong.,  1801-14),  Prof.  Mental  and  Moral 
Philosophy,  Union  College,  14-25.  Prin.  of  High  School  at  Chitten- 
ango,  25-36,  Chittenango,  Sept.  17,  32-Ap.  3,  34.     Died  1S44. 

With  frequent  interruptions  in  his  earlier  studies  from  feeble  health,  he 
still  persevered  and  graduated  with  honor.  No  man  had  a  more  exalted 
idea  of  the  duties  of  the  sacred  office,  and  few  have  performed  these  duties 
with  greater  fidelity  or  success.  He  was  afraid  to  offend  God,  and  this 
made  him  fearless  of  men.  Hence  he  never  entered  into  a  compromise  with 
error  or  wickedness.  What  he  believed  to  be  true  and  right  he  openly  pro- 
claimed. Yet  all  he  did  was  done  with  so  kind  a  spirit  that  however  much 
men  might  disagree  with  him.  they  never  doubted  that  his  conduct  was 
dictated  by  uprightness  and  affection.  During  his  pastoral  relation,  fre- 
quent and  powerful  revivals  of  religion  were  enjoyed,  and,  indeed,  at  no 
time  were  wanting  the  pleasing  manifestations  of  the  Spirit's  presence. 
He  also  trained  a  number  of  young  men  in  theological  studies,  besides  his 
pastoral  duties,  and  when  he  resigned  his  pulpit  some  of  these  followed  him 
to  Schenectady,  that  they  might  still   enjoy  his  instructions. 

While  teaching  he  was  also  always  engaged,  more  or  less,  in  preaching 
the  gospel.  He  was  a  constant  helper  of  feeble  churches,  during  all  his 
ministry.  There  were  but  few  churches  of  the  Presbyterian  order  within 
thirty  miles  of  Schenectady  in  which  he  had  not  often  proclaimed  the 
preciousness  of  Christ.  He  was  also  a  principal  agent  in  securing  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  missionary  station  for  the  Indians,  at  Mackinaw,  Michigan, 
about  1823. 

While  teaching  at  Chittenango  he  organized  a  church  there  (1828),  and 
"became  its  pastor.  During  the  last  eight  years  of  his  life  he  was  the  un- 
ceasing friend  and  helper  of  feeble  churches.  He  established,  resuscitated, 
or  greatly  aided  no  less  than  thirteen  during  this  period.  He  died  of 
disease  contracted  by  his  abundant  labors.  His  last  effort  was  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  church  at  Sacondaga,  but,  ten  days  before  its  dedication, 
sitting  in  his  chair,  and  on  the  blessed  Sabbath  that  he  loved  so  well,  he 
placidly  breathed  out  his  soul,  without  a  pang  or  a  groan. 

There  was  no  intricate  complexity  either   in   his  principles  or  conduct. 


928  THE    MINISTRY. 

With  a  well-balanced  mind,  he-  possessed  the  transparent  simplicity  of  a 
child,  joined  to  a  oneness  of  untiring  purpose.  Love  was  the  great  prin- 
ciple of  his  heart,  and  by  its  power,  selfishness,  in  all  its  varied  forms,  was 
overborne.  It  was  the  law  of  his  house  to  rejoice  with  them  that  do 
rejoice,  and  to  weep  with  them  that  weep.  But  his  most  prominent  charac- 
teristic was  his  indomitable  hope.  Unshaken  confidence  in  the  divine  prom- 
ises ever  cheered  him  on,  for  he  knew  that  God  would  not  fail  him.  How- 
ever dark  the  outward  prospect  seemed,  he  never  doubted  but  that  God 
would  clear  away  all  clouds. — Memorial  Sermon  by  Dr.  W.  H.  Campbell. 
"Sprague's  Annals." 

Publications:  "Blessedness  of  Dying  in  the  Lord":  a  Ser.  at  the  Fun. 
of  Mrs.  Amelia  Flint.  Hartford,  1810.— "Charity,  the  Evidence  of  Piety": 
a  Ser.  before  Female  Benev.  Soc,  Hartford,  1810—  "The  Effectual 
Preacher" :  a  Ser.  at  Install,  of  Dr.  John  Ludlow,  at  Albany.  1823.— "God's 
Blessing  in  our  Institutions":  a  Ser.  at  Dedication  of  R.D.C.  Chiltenango. 
1829. 

Yates,  John  Austin  (s.  of  And.  Vales),  b.  at  Last  Hartford,  Ct.,  1801  ;  U.C. 

1821,  X.B.S.  24,  lie.  CI.  N.B. ;  tutor  in  U.C.  23-7,  Prof.  Oriental  Langs. 

U.C.   27-49;    (spent  27-9,   after  the   above   appointment,  in    Europe)  ; 

called  to  Jersey  City,  1st,  49;  accepted,  but  died  before  installation. 
The  First  Church  of  Jersey  City  seemed  entering  on  a  new  career  with 
the  call  of  Yates,  but  he  suddenly  died  before  his  installation.  He  was  of 
fine  personal  appearance,  of  open  countenance,  and  wore  an  habitual  sunny 
smile.  His  frankness  and  familiarity  on  first  acquaintance,  his  fascinating 
manner,  and  the  warm  grasp  of  his  hand,  gave  every  one  who  met  him  the 
assurance  of  his  affectionate  disposition,  and  of  the  nobleness  of  his  heart, 
which  he  carried  in  his  hand.  He  also  stood  high  in  literary  circles.  He 
had  possessed  great  advantages  in  his  collegiate  connection,  and  especially 
during  his  sojourn  in  Europe.  1827-9,  when  he  especially  prepared  himself 
for  the  duties  of  his  professorship.  He  entered  upon  his  work  with  the 
enthusiasm  of  the  scholar  and  the  man  of  genius.  To  extensive  learning 
he  united  a  cultivated  taste,  and  was  widely  known  as  one  of  the  best 
scholars  of  the  land  in  the  languages  and  literature  of  modern  Europe.  His 
sermons  were  distinguished  for  clearness,  accuracy,  and  ease  of  style, 
copious  and  brilliant  illustration,  and  the  select  character  of  his  thoughts. 
Always  pleasing,  he  was  often  eloquent,  and  sometimes  thrilling.  He  ad- 
dressed the  heart  as  well  as  the  intellect.  He  viewed  Christianity  not  as  a 
gloomy,  sullen  system,  but  as  a  religion  of  purity,  life,  joy,  and  love.  He 
held  it  up  as  the  artist  does  his  most  finished  work  in  its  most  beautiful  and 
effective  light.  He  brought  every  ray  of  light  to  its  focus  at  the  Cross  of 
Christ,  and  by  the  very  kindness  of  his  manner,  and  the  brightness  of  his 
views,  disarmed  infidelity  on  its  own  battle-ground.  At  the  same  time  he 
preach.  <1  the  more  humbling  doctrines  of  the  Cross,  which  lie  at  the  foun- 
dation of  the  whole  gospel  system.— Mem.  Ser.  in  MS  by  Dr.  W.  J.  R. 
Taylor,  in  Sage  Library. 

Publk  \Tin\  :     "Righteousness  Exalteth  a   Nation."     1839. 


THE    MINISTRY.  929 

Yesuratuam,  John  (Hindoo),  Arcot  Sem.  1892,  1.  CI.  Arcot;  evangelist 
in  India,  1892 

Young,  Alex.  H.,  b.  at  Louisville,  Ky..  Feb.  13,  1838;  Miami  Univ.,  Ox- 
ford, O.,  59,  Lane  Sem.,  Walnut  Hill,  O.,  63;  lie.  by  Presb.  of  Cincin- 
nati; ord.  by  Presbyt.  Chillicothe,  O..  64:  (South  Salem,  O.,  64-9, 
Oxford,  O.,  69-72,  Presbyt.),  Greenville,  N.J.,  72-83,  (Presbyt.  New- 
ton, N.J.,  1883). 

Young,  Chas.  J.     (Yaphank,  L.I.,  1875-8)  ;  Long  Branch,  1st,  1879-86. 

Youngblood,  William,  b.  at  Montgomery,  NY.,  1800;  R.C.  32,  N.B.S.  35, 
1.  CI.  Orange;  voyage  to  Batavia  (Java,  E.I.),  June-Sept.  36,  Batavia, 
36-8  (studying  the  Malay  -language),  voyage  to  Borneo,  by  way  of 
Singapore,  Dec.  38-Sept.  39,  teaching  a  Malay  school  at  Pontianak 
(Borneo),  Nov.  39-42,  Karangan  (Borneo),  Sept.  42-Jan.  47,  voyage 
to  America,  Jan. -July,  1849,  d.  1859. 

He  had  early  religious  impressions  which  seem  to  have  matured  about 
the  fifteenth  year  of  his  age.  He  then  had  a  strong  desire  to  study  with  a 
view  to  the  ministry.  But  being  the  eldest  of  the  family,  he  was  needed 
at  home  by  his  widowed  mother,  and  for  some  years  took  charge  of  the 
paternal  farm. 

While  in  the  seminary  his  mind  was  much  exercised  in  regard  to  the 
duty  of  devoting  himself  to  the  foreign  missionary  work.  The  appeals  of 
the  heavenly-minded  and  devoted  David  Abeel,  who  had  just  returned 
from  China,  had  the  effect  of  bringing  him  to  a  decision.  He  was  accepted 
by  the  American  Board,  and  designated,  with  other  brethren  of  our 
church,  to  the  island  of  Java.  They  embarked  on  the  8th  of  June,  1836. 
After  many  efforts,  the  Dutch  Government  not  allowing  them  to  operate  on 
that  island,  they  embarked  for  Pontianak,  on  the  coast  of  Borneo,  in 
December  of  1838.  While  residing  there  some  of  the  brethren  engaged 
in  the  study  of  the  Chinese  language,  with  a  view  of  establishing  a  mission 
in  China  as  soon  as  the  way  opened.  Brother  Youngblood,  having  gained 
some  knowledge  of  the  art  of  printing,  and  of  the  Malay  language,  he  spent 
his  time  in  visiting  the  neighboring  Kampongs,  preaching  and  distributing 
tracts,  and,  unaided,  he  printed  with  his  own  hands,  by  means  of  a  press 
presented  by  the  officers  of  an  American  squadron,  Malayan  books  for  the 
use  of  a  school  of  poor  children  he  had  gathered. 

At  length,  in  the  beginning  of  the  year  1842,  Brothers  Youngblood  and 
Thompson  founded  a  station  among  the  Dyaks,  about  one  hundred  and 
forty  miles  in  the  interior  of  the  island.  After  many  trials,  and  incredible 
toil,  owing  to  the  unwillingness  of  the  natives  to  assist,  they  succeeded  in 
erecting  with  their  own  hands  two  temporary  dwellings  in  the  midst  of 
the  jungle.  After  a  few  months,  joined  by  their  families,  in  these  lonely 
wilds  they  began  the  work  of  pioneer  missionaries.  Brother  Thompson's 
health  soon  failing,  he  departed  for  his  native  land  by  the  way  of  Europe, 
where  he  was  called  to  his  heavenly  home.  About  four  years  after  the 
establishment  of  the  mission  among  the  Dyaks,  Brother  Youngblood's 
health  also  gave  way.  The  trial  of  a  voyage  to  Singapore  not  proving,  as 
hoped,  efficacious  to  his  restoration,  he  embarked  January,  1849,  for  Amer- 


930  THE    MINISTRY. 

ica.  This  was  a  trial  harder  to  be  borne  than  when  he  left  his  native  shore. 
The  seed  of  God's  word  had  just  begun  to  germinate  in  some  minds,  and 
now  that  all  prospects  of  usefulness  should  be  destroyed  was  painful  in  the 
extreme.  "Never,"  said  Mrs.  Y.  to  the  writer,  "did  I  see  my  husband,  in 
all  my  life,  shed  tears  so  profusely,  and  endure  a  trial  so  distressing,  as 
when  he  bade  farewell  to  his  Dyak  field."  No  reinforcements  arriving, 
he  saw  the  mission  must  be  given  up.  For  years  this  good  brother 
lingered,  able  only  to  preach  an  occasional  sermon,  till  his  death.  During 
these  years  his  heart  was  still  set  on  the  great  work  of  missions.  He  said 
to  the  writer,  "I  do  not  regret  having  personally  engaged  in  the  work  of 
foreign  missions,  but  it  is  rather  to  me  a  source  of  joy.  I  feel  that  it  was 
the  highest  honor  conferred  on  me,  in  being  permitted  to  engage  in  this 
blessed  cause,  and  become  a  co-worker  with  the  Lord  of  missions.  Gladly 
would  I  now  return  to  our  distant  field  of  labor,  or  any  other  among  the 
heathen,  did  my  health  and  that  of  my  companion  permit,  and  toil  till  death 
for  the  salvation  of  perishing  men.  It  is  sweet  to  endure  toil  and  privation 
for  Christ."— Rev.  Dr.  J.  H.  Duryea. 

Ypma,    Martin    A.,    from    Holland;    Vriesland,    1851-3,    Graafschap,   53-4, 

High  and  Low  Prairie,  55-61.  Alto,  61-3,  d. 
Zabriskie,  Albert  A.,  b.  at  Bergen  Point,  N.J.,  Ap.    11,   1843;   R.C.  65, 

N.B.S.  68,  1.  CI.  Bergen ;  Farmer  Village,  68-9,  Keyport,  69-73,  Preak- 

ness,  73-9,  Franklin  Furnace,  79~8i,  Flatbush,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  81-86, 

Manhasset,  91-93,  Orange  City,  la.,  94-6,  Browns,  N.Y.,  1901 

Zabriskie,  Francis  Nicholl    (grandson  of  J.  V.  C.  Romeyn),  b.  in  N.Y.C. 

1832;  N.Y.U.  50,  N.B.S.  55,  1.  CI.  N.Y.;  Livingston  Ch.,  N.Y.C,  56-9. 

Coxsackie,  2d,   59-63,   Ithaca,   63-6,   Claverack,  66-72    (Saybrook,   Ct.. 

72-6,  Wollaston  Heights,  Mass.,  76-80)  ;  Editor-in-chief  of  "Christian 

Intelligencer,"  80-3;  w.  c.     Died  May  13,  1891. 

He  was  a  son  of  George  Zabriskie  and  Susan  V.  C.  Romeyn,  daughter 
of  James  V.  C.  Romeyn,  the  honored  ancestor  of  so  many  honored  minis- 
ters of  the  Church.  Most  of  his  childhood's  happy  days  were  spent  in 
Hackensack.  On  resigning  his  last  charge,  owing  to  impaired  health,  he 
devoted  himself  chiefly  to  literary  work.  For  three  years  he  was  the 
editor-in-chief  of  the  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  and  discharged  the  burden- 
some duties  of  his  position  with  enthusiasm  and  marked  ability,  although 
often  suffering  acutely  from  maladies  to  which  he  had  long  been  subject. 
His  "Old  Colony"  papers,  begun  at  Wollaston,  were  a  remarkable  series, 
their  vivacity  and  originality  gaining  for  him  a  deserved  reputation  which 
caused  him  to  be  sought  as  a  correspondent  and  contributor  for  many 
papers.  His  exposition  of  the  Bible  lessons,  published  in  the  "Intelli- 
gencer," have  been  regarded  by  excellenl  authorities  as  among  the  very 
best  that  have  appeared.  His  preaching  was  simple,  direct,  earnest  and 
faithful,  while  it  was  impossible  for  him  to  be  otherwise  than  strong  in 
thought  and  chaste  and  elegant  in  style.  Many  tokens  of  divine  blessing 
upon  his  ministry  were  vouchsafed  to  him.  Nearly  every  pastorate  was 
marked  by  great  revivals,  in  which  many  were  converted,  who  have  shown 
by  their  subsequent  life  that  the  work  was  genuine  and  no1  superficial  and 


THE    MINISTRY.  931 

transient.  He  had  a  fine  poetic  taste,  was  a  lover  of  the  best  literature,  and 
revealed  his  wide  acquaintance  with  it  and  its  refining  influence  in  all  his 
writings.  In  every  great  moral  question  of  the  day,  his  voice,  pen  and 
heart  were  thoroughly  enlisted,  and  always  on  the  side  of  right.  Single- 
hearted  himself,  he  abhorred  all  shams,  but  was  the  ever  sympathetic 
helper  of  every  genuine  work  for  the  moral,  social  and  religious  uplifting 
of  every  community  in  which  he  lived. 

While  always  bright  and  cheery,  and  with  a  keen  sense  of  humor,  he 
seemed  ever  to  bear  in  his  body  the  marks  of  the  Lord  Jesus ;  and  those 
who  knew  him  best  as  a  Christian  and  a  minister,  knew  how  pervaded  his 
whole  life  was  by  a  deep  spirituality  and  whole-hearted  consecration.  His 
memory  lingered  as  a  lasting  perfume  in  the  congregations  he  served,  and 
he  being  dead  yet  speaketh,  to  many  who  remember  his  pure  life  and 
winsome  character  and  exalted  devotion  to  our  Divine  Lord.  His  final 
sickness,  which  was  but  the  aggravation  of  the  almost  incessant  suffering 
of  years,  was  long  and  painful.  He  endured  it.  as  all  who  knew  his  simple 
faith  and  devout  spirit  might  expect,  with  patience  and  sweet  submission. — 
"Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1891,  420. 

Publications:  "Sowing  in  Tears."  Anniversary  Ser.  1857. — "The 
Gospel  preached  to  the  Poor."  Second  Anniv.  Ser.  1858. — "Members  of 
the  Livingston  Ch.,  N.Y.C."  1858. — "Landmarks  of  my  Ministry."  1859. 
—"God's  Battle."  July  4,  1861.— "Golden  Fruit  from  Bible  Trees."  1861. 
— "Weighed  in  the  Balances."  A  Fast  Day  Ser.  1863. — "The  Post  of 
Duty."  Fun.  Disc,  in  memory  of  Francis  Hollister  (120th  Regt.  N.Y.V.), 
killed  in  Battle  of  Gettysburg.  1863.— "The  Claverack  Centennial." 
1867.— "Hist,  of  Livingston  Ch.,  N.Y.C."  In  "Jubilee"  of  34th  St.  Ch., 
with  which  the  former  united. — "Temperance  or  Total  Abstinence."  1871. 
— Many  letters  in  the  papers. — Letters  signed  "Old  Colony"  in  "Ch.  Int.," 
"Precious  Stones." — "The  Bible,  the  Workman's  Book." — "Story  of  a 
Soul."— "Life  of  Horace  Greeley,"  1891  —  "The  Ministry  of  the  Future": 
Addr.  at  Centennial  N.B.S.  1884.     Page  263-278. 

Zabriskie,  Jeremiah  Lott,  b.  at  Flatbush,  L.I.,  Feb.  3,  1835 :  (grandson  of 
J.   L.  Zabriskie);   C.C.  54,  N.B.S.  63,  1.   S.   CI.  L.I. ;  Cuddebackville, 
66-70,  New  Baltimore,  70-82,  w.  c. 
Zabriskie,  John  Lansing,  b.  at  Albany,  March  4,  1779;  U.C.  1797,  studied 
theology   under   D.    Romeyn,    1.    CI.   Albany,     1800;     Greenbush    and 
Wyantskill,    1801-11,   Hillsborough    (Millstone),    1811-50,   d.   Aug.    15. 
Elected  a  trustee  of  Q.C.  181 1. 
During  his  long  pastorate  at  Millstone  he  maintained  his  influence  and 
his  standing  unto  the  end.     He  was  a  man  of  many  excellences:  kind, 
social,  unaffected,  and  sincerely  and  zealously  pious ;  a  gentleman  of  the 
old  school,  simple  in  his  tastes,  unostentatious  in  his  life,  and  unsophisti- 
cated in  his  daily  conduct.     All  who  knew  him  loved  him,  and  those  who 
knew  him  best  esteemed  him  most. 

He  was  one  of  the  most  laborious  and  successful  pastors  in  Somerset 
County.  He  preached  and  lectured  more,  visited  more  families,  and  at- 
tended more  carefully  to  all  his  public  duties  than  almost  any  other  min- 


932  THE   MINISTRY. 

ister  of  his  time.  He  was  considered  by  all  an  example  not  only,  but  a 
monitor  in  his  official  life. 

His  talents  were  good.  His  mind  was  more  judicious,  solid,  and  safe 
than  brilliant,  or  endowed  with  genius.  He  was  a  wise  man,  a  sensible 
man,  a  man  to  be  depended  upon.  His  counsel  was  judicious,  and  no  one 
ever  erred  much  in  following  it.  Hence  he  himself  made  no  mistakes  of 
importance,  had  no  controversies,  and  while  his  friends  were  numerous, 
his  enemies  belonged  to  those  whom  his  principles  and  his  holy  life  neces- 
sarily brought  in  opposition  to  him. 

He  was  an  excellent  preacher ;  and  though  he  seldom  wrote  his  sermons, 
they  were  solid,  sensible,  full  of  evangelical  thought,  and  listened  to  with 
profit  by  all  the  earnest-hearted  and  godly  in  his  congregation.  His  knowl- 
edge of  the  gospel  was  full,  distinctive,  and  clear ;  and  when  he  had  dis- 
cussed any  one  of  its  doctrines,  his  hearers  felt  that  they  had  had  very 
important  matters  brought  to  their  consideration,  in  a  way  which  was  cal- 
culated to  impress  their  minds  and  edify  their  hearts.  Few  men  could 
speak  more  judiciously  and  appropriately,  from  the  impulse  of  the  moment, 
on  any  given  theme.  Often  there  was  a  neatness,  terseness,  and  directness 
which  could  not  fail  to  be  highly  pleasing. 

Then  he  was  a  genial  man,  and  in  his  social  intercourse  would  astonish 
and  excite  you  by  his  wit,  his  sarcasm,  and  even  drollery;  but  this  was 
only  occasionally,  and  when  he  seemed  to  be  carried  out  of  his  ordinary 
sphere.  Habitually  he  was  grave,  thoughtful,  and  though  not  reserved,  by 
no  means  a  facetious  or  light  man. 

His  life  was  unstained  even  by  a  breath  of  evil.  No  one  doubted  his 
piety,  or  the  sincerity  of  his  admonitions,  when  he  reprobated  vice  or  re- 
proved iniquity. 

By  his  simple  habits  and  economy,  while  in  the  receipt  of  only  a  small 
stipend,  he  was  able  to  accumulate  a  large  estate,  and  leave  it  as  an  inheri- 
tance to  his  children.  This,  however,  resulted  chiefly  from  the  early  pos- 
session of  his  own  patrimony,  managed  with  prudence  and  care,  and  not 
from  any  savings  out  of  his  salary.  In  a  word,  he  was  a  good  man,  useful 
in  his  day,  and  he  has  left  a  name  which  will  have  a  savor  of  excellence 
for  many  generations,  among  those  whose  welfare  he  promoted,  and  whose 
fathers  and  mothers  he  led  in  the  way  of  life. — Rev.  Dr.  Ab.  Messier. 

Zastera.  F.     From  Church  of  Rome.     Miss,  in  4th  Ger.  Ch..  N.Y.C..  1858. 

Zelie,  John  Sheridan,  b.  Princeton,  Mass..  May  3,  t866;  Wms.  C.  87.  Y. 
Sem.  90,  lie.  Litchfield  S.  Assoc,  90;  (Plymouth,  Ct,  90-4.  Cleveland, 
O.,  94-1900),  Schenectady,  1st,  1000 

Publications  :  Editorials  in  "S.  S.  Times." — Sketches  in  Periodicals. — 
Joint  author,  with  Rev.  Carroll  Perry,  of  "Bill  Pratt,  the  Saw-Buck  Phil- 
osopher." 

Ziegler,  A.  G.,  b.  May  II,  1833;  Sem.  of  Free  Ch.  of  Scotland,  Amsterdam, 
Neths. ;  ord.  by  Belgian  Christian  Missionary  Church;  Spring  Lake 
and  Manito.  111.,  87-8,  Bethel  and  Otley.  la.,  88-92,  Le  Mars.  92-3, 
Harrison,  S.D.,  93-1900.  Pella,  4th,  1900 


THE    MINISTRY.  933 

Zindler,  Gottlieb,  b.  Falkenberg,  Silesia,  Ger.,  Aug.  30,  1849;  studied  pri- 
vately, 69-72,  (Mission  House,  Ref.  Ger.  Ch.,  Franklin,  Wis.,  74,  lie. 
CI.  Sheboyan  (Ger.  Refd.)  Wis.;  Ebenezer,  Wis..  74-79,  Denver,  Col., 
79-81,  Hope,  Wis.,  81-86,  all  in  Ger.  Refd.  Ch.),  Bailey ville,  111.,  86-96, 
Peoria,  111..   1896-1901,  Sibley  Mission.  la.,   1901 — German  lang. 

Zubli,  E.  B.     Pella,  3d  (S.S.),  1876. 

Zurcher,  J.  N.     S.S.  at  Silver  Creek,  1853. 

Zwemer,  Adrian,  b.  in  Oost-Kapelle,  Zeeland,  Neths.,  Feb.  12,  1823 ;  c.  to 

America,  1849,  with  Rev.  H.  G.  Klyn ;  studied  theology  with  Rev.  John 

Van  Vleck,  in  Holland  Academy,  Mich.,  1858;  lie.  CI.  Holland,  Ap.  14, 

and  ord.  Ap.  18,  1858 ;  Vriesland,  58-68,  Low  Prairie,  68-70,  Milwaukee, 

70-73,   Albany    (Hoi J,   73-76,    Graafschap,   Mich.,   76-86,   Free   Grace, 

Iowa,  86-91,  Spring  Lake,  Mich.,  91-98;  emeritus. 

After  the  Revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes  the  Catholics  of  France 

severely  persecuted    the   Huguenots.     Among   these   were   three  brothers 

named  Sur-Mer,  who  fled  to  North  Holland.     One  of  them  remained  there, 

while  the  other  two   went  to  Zeeland.     Their  family  name  now  became 

changed  to  Swe-Mer,  and  ultimately  to  Zwemer.     Being  Calvinists,  they 

all  received  a  warm  welcome  in  the  Reformed  Church  of  the  Netherlands ; 

but  the   family  again   experienced  great  troubles   during   the   Napoleonic 

rule.     In  1842  Mr.  Zwemer  was  drafted,  and  served  in  the  army  for  two 

years.    He  was  Receiver  of  Taxes,  1846-49,  when  about  150  families,  under 

the  care  of  Rev.  H.  G.  Klyn,  came  to  America.     Mr.  Zwemer  settled  in 

Rochester,  N.Y.,  and  became  an  elder  in  a  Holland  Presbyterian  church. 

In  1853,  when  the  pulpit  became  vacant,  he  suggested  the  transfer  of  this 

church  to  the  Ref.  Ch.  in  America,  which  was  accomplished,  and  it  joined 

the  Classis  of  Geneva.     In  1855  he  went  to  the  Holland  Academy,  when  32 

years  of  age,  to  study  for  the  ministry,  and  served  different  fields  as  above 

indicated.     Four  sons  became  ministers,  two  of  them  going  to  Arabia,  and 

one  daughter,  Miss  Nelly  Zwemer,  is  a  missionary  in  the  Amoy  Mission, 

China. 

Zwemer,  Frederick  James  (son  of  Rev.  Adrian  Zwemer),  b.  Holland, 
Mich.,  Jan.  24,  1858;  H.C.  80.  McCormick  Sem.,  Chicago,  85,  he.  CI. 
Wisconsin,  85;  1st  Refd.  Charles  Mix  Co.,  Dakota  Ter.,  85-87,  Grand 
View,  Dak.  Ter.,  May-Nov.,  87,  Classical  Missionary  in  the  two 
Dakotas,  Nov.  87-Dec.  92,  Graafschap,  Mich.,  92-96,  Miss,  of  Classis 
of  Illinois,  in  Iowa,  96-98,  Sheboygan  Falls  and  Hingham,  Wis., 
1898 Preaches  in  English  and  Dutch. 

Zwemer,  James  Frederic  (son  of  Rev.  Adrian  Zwemer),  b.  Rochester, 
N.Y.,  Sept.  1,  1850;  H.C.  1870,  W.T.S.  73,  He  CI.  Holland;  Fyuaart, 
Mich.,  73-80.  Spring  Lake,  Mich.,  80-83,  Alto,  Wis.,  83-86,  Alton,  la., 
86-88,  Agent  to  secure  endowments  for  the  Western  Institutions,  88-90, 
Principal,  Northwestern  Academy,  Orange  City,  Iowa,  90-98,  Grand 
Rapids,    7th,    1898-1900,    Gen.    Synod's    Agent    for   Western    Theolog. 

Sem.,  1900 

Preaches  in  Dutch,  English,  and  occasionally  in  German. 


934  THE   MINISTRY. 

Publications:  Articles  in  "De  Hope."  Translations  of  articles  into 
Dutch. 

Zwemer,  Peter  John  (son  of  Rev.  Ad.  Zwemer),  b.  at  South  Holland,  111., 
Sept.  22,  1868,  H.C.  88,  N.B.S.  92,  1.  CI.  Michigan;  ordained  by  the 
CI.  of  Grand  River,  Sept.  14,  92 ;  sailed  for  Busrah,  Arabia,  Oct.  19,  92, 
.Muscat,  93-98,  voyage  home,  May-July,  98,  died  Oct.  18,  1898,  in  the 
Presbyterian  Hospital,  New  York  City. 

He  grew  up  in  an  atmosphere  of  grace.  He  taught  school  for  a  year 
after  college  graduation,  at  Middleburg,  la.  "While  a  student  in  college  he 
was  employed,  during  one  of  his  vacations,  by  the  Am.  Bible  Soc.  His 
field  extended  from  Michigan  to  New  York.  He  made,  at  this  time,  ad- 
dresses in  school-houses  and  country  churches.  In  the  destitute  oil  re- 
gions of  S.  W.  New  York,  he  received  his  first  impulse  to  missionary  work. 
He  finally  determined  to  follow  his  brother,  Rev.  Samuel  M.  Zwener,  to 
Arabia.  At  Muscat  he  remained  alone  most  of  the  time.  His  life  was 
often  in  danger.  Frequent  attacks  of  fever  prostrated  him,  unpleasant 
conditions  surrounded  him,  the  heat  often  overwhelmed  him  ;  still  he  clung 
heroically  to  his  post,  uttering  no  word  of  complaint.  His  sympathies  were 
soon  drawn  out  for  the  African  slaves.  At  his  earnest  solicitations  the 
school  for  rescued  slave  boys  at  Muscat  was  opened,  with  18  boys  rescued 
from  slavery.  He  could  have  had  many  more.  To  these  his  heart  went 
out.  But  at  length  fever  and  rheumatism  compelled  him  to  decide  to 
return  home.  He  had  to  be  carried  on  the  steamer.  At  Milan,  he  spent  a 
few  days  in  the  hospital.  From  there  he  went  to  Antwerp,  and  thence  to 
New  York,  and  was  immediately  taken  to  the  Presbyterian  Hospital,  being 
assisted  through  the  city  by  a  student  for  orders  of  the  Catholic  church. 
There  he  was  cheerful,  hopeful,  but  resigned,  until  he  entered  into  rest. — 
"Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1899,  557  —  See  also  Dr.  S.  M.  Zwemer's  "Arabia," 
pp.  366-373;  and  "Sketch  of  Arabian  Mission."  1901,  24,  25. 

Zwemer,  Samuel  Marinus  (son  of  Adrian  Zwemer),  b.  Vriesland,  Mich., 
Ap.  12,  1867,  H.C.  87,  N.B.S.  90,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  S.S.  at  Clarkstown,  N.Y., 

89-90,  Missionary  to  Arabia,  July,  1890 D.D.  by  R.C.  1901. 

Made  Fellow  of  Royal  Geog.  Soc.  1894. 

Publications:  "Arabia,  the  Cradle  of  Islam,"  Svo,  pp.  400.  1900. — 
"Topsy-Turvy  Land,"  1902. — Papers  in  the  "Journal  of  the  Victoria  Insti- 
tute"; "Geographical  Journal";  "Missionary  Review  of  the  World,"  etc., 
etc.— "A  Journey  on  the  Pirate  Coast,"  "Ch.  Int.,"  May  15,  1901 ;  "Open 
Doors  in  Oman,"  "Miss.  Rev.,"  May.  1901 ; 

Zyperus  (Siperius),  Michiel,  c.  from  Curaqoa.  Aug.  1659,  to  New  Nether- 
lands, as  a  proponent  (or  candidate)  ;  joined  the  ch.  in  New  Amster- 
dam as  a  student  of  divinity  in  Jan.,  1660;  went  toward  Virginia, 
1664. — "Amst.  Cor."  "Gen.  and  Biog.  Rec,"  vii.  64;  ix.  72.  He  con- 
formed to  Ch.  of  Eng.  in  Va. — Was  yet  living  in  1687. 


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PART  THIRD. 


THE  CHURCHES. 

Abbe,   see  Clymer,   N.   Y, 

Accord,  see  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

Ackley,  see  Washington  and  Zoar,  la. 

Acquacononck,  see  Passaic,  N.  J. 

Addisville,  Richboro,  Bucks  Co.  Pa.  1864.  (North  and  South  Hamp- 
ton.)    Bodine,  64-8,  Amermam,  J.  L.  68-71,  Collier,  I.  71-84,  Birdsall, 

84-8.  Lawsing,  1888— 

Albany — Albany  Co.  N.  Y.,  churches  in: 

1.  Albany.  (Fort  Orange,  Rensselaerwyck,  Beverwyck,  Willem- 
stadt  1673-4),  in  State  st.  until  1798,  then  in  N  Pearl  St.  I,  1642, 
Megapolensis,  J.,  1642-9,  (Grasmeer,  1650-1,)  Schaats,  1652-94,  (Van 
Renslaer,  1675-7,)  Dellius.  1683-99,  supplied  by  Nucella,  1698-1700, 
Lydius,  1700-9,  (Barclay,  Episcop.,  1709-12,)  Van  Driessen,  P.  1712- 
38,  Van  Schie.  1738-44,  Frelinghuysen,  T.  1745-59.  Westerlo,  1760-90, 
Bassett,  1787-1804,  (Bogart,  D.  S.  1792-6?)  Jonhson,  J.  B.  1796-1802, 
Bradford,  J.  M.  1805-20,  DeWitt,  J.  (Sr.)  13-15,  Ludlow,  J.  23-34, 
Vermilye.  T.  E.  35-9,  Kennedy.  41-55.  Rogers,  E.  P.  56-62,  Clark,  R. 
W.  62-83,  Chapman,  J.  W.  85-90,  Jonhson,  E.  P.  1891— 

Chartered  1720.  Eng.  preaching  begun  by  Westerlo.  See  Amst 
Cor.  many  letters;  Munsell's  Annals  of  Albany,  10  vols.,  l2mo  1850-9; 
Sketch  in  i.  86-121..  Collections  on  the  History  of  Albany,  3  vols., 
8vo,  1865-70;  Col.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  see  index— Albany,  containing  many 
references  to  the  church;  Doct.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  see  Index;  Barnes1 
Settlement  and  Early  Hist,  of;  Histories  of  N.  Y.  State  by  Smithy 
O'Callaghan,  and  Brodhead,  Anderson's  Hist,  of  Colonial  Church, 
(Episcopal.)  See  also  Bibliography  of  Pastors  Bassett,  fVyckoff*. 
Rogers,  Johnson.  E.  P. 

2.  Albany,    (Ger.)    1770?     Doll,    1772-5- 

3.  Albany,  2d,  1815,  Beaver  st;  now  Madison  ave.  De  Witt,  J.    (Sr.) 

935 


g36  THE   CHURCHES. 

1815-23,  (Steele,  J.  B.  supplied,  23,)  Ferris,  I  24-36,  Wycoff,  I.  N. 
36-65.  Elmendorf,  J.  65-72,  Bartlett,  74-81,  Davis,  W.  R.  82-8,  Dowl- 
ing,  89-92,  Selden,  E.  G.   1893 — 

Hist    sketch    in    Albany    Argus,    Mar.    1881.     See    also    Memorial 
volume. 

4.  Albany,  3d.    1834.     South     Ferry     st.     Holmes,   E.   35-40,   Yates,   A. 

(S.S.)  40-1,  Campbell,  W.  H.  41-8,  Van  Brunt,  48-9,  Halloway,  (Sr.) 
49-53.  Dickson,  53-60,  Miller,  W.  H.  61-2,  Bailey,  63-8.  Searle.  J. 
68-71,  Van  Slyke,  E.  71-2,  Van  Doren,  D.  K.  73-5,  Campbell,  J.  B. 
76-82.  See  E.  F.  83-6,  Davis,  Jos.  P.  86-7.  Tracy.  W.  H.  88-qO,  Daily, 
90-8,  MacBride,  98-1900,  Leggett,  L.  1900 — 

5.  Albany,   (Ger.)    1855.     Schnellendreussler,  55-65,  Neef,  65-86,   Miller, 

H.  88-98.  Mueller,  F.  1899— 

6.  Albany,    (Hoi.)     1859,    Jay    st.     Houbolt,    61-4,    Bahler,    P.    B.    65-7, 

Houbolt,  71-3,  Zwemer,  A.  73-6,  Kriekaard,  C.  77-9.  Boer,  79-85, 
Dykstra.  L.  86-8,  Duiker,  W.  J.  89-92,  Flipse,  93-6,  Van  West  en- 
burg,   1897 — 

7.  Albany,    (Dudley   Ch.)    1859.     Dissolved.    1862. 

8.  Albany  Park  Chapel,  Dusenberre,  Ap.-Oct.,  1866. 

9.  Albany,  6th  1897.     Furbeck.  G.  W.  1898 — 

Albany  Bush,  see  Amsterdam. 

Alexander,    (Palsville)    la.,    1896.     Ch.   End.   Ch.    18.     Reeverts,    (S.   S.) 

1897- 
Alexandria  Bay,  see  Thousand  Isles. 

Allegan,  Allegan  Co.  Mich.  1843.     Taylor,  A.  B..  Miss,  and  S.  S.  1842-3. 
Alliendal,  see  India. 

Altamont,  Albany  Co.  N.  Y.  1826.  Staats,  B.  B.,  Ap.-June  96,  Fletcher, 
1896— 

Alto,  Fond  do  Lac  Co.  Wis.  1855.  Baay,  G.  48-50,  Stobblear,  58-60, 
Ypma,  61-3,  Pieters,  65-9,  Karsten,  69-82,  Zwemer,  J.  F.  82-6,  Te 
Winkle,  86-9,  Karsten,  89-93,  Harmeling,  H.  94-1900,  Lumkes,  1900 — 

Alton,  formerly  East  Orange,  Sioux  Co.  la.  1877.  Warnshuis,  J.  W.  78- 
87.  Zwemer,  86-8,  Zwemer,  J.  W.  88-91,  Lepeltak,  1891— 

Amelia  Court  House,  Va.  See  Mattoax. 

Amersfort,  now  Flatlands.     Col.  Hist.  ii.  404. 

Amity,  (Clifton-Park,  Rexfonh -ille,  Visscher's  Ferry),  Saratoga  Co. 
N.  Y.  1803.  Romeyn.  Thos.  (Jr.)  1806-27,  McKelvey,  J.  27-31,  Van 
Wagenen,  31-4,  Chittenden.  34-9,  Bronson,  A.  40-2.  Halloway,  43"9. 
Williamson,   G.   R.   49-52.    Raymond.   53-6,   Schoonmaker,   R.   L.   56-61, 


THE    CHURCHES.  g3_ 

S«S  W"    G-    E-   6l"8,    LetS°n'   6&^°'   Barth°lf,   8i-7,    Graham,   J.    E. 

Amity,  (Miss,  station,)  Dwight,  M.  W.  1823,  Murphy,  Miss,  to,  1830. 
Amoy  1  st  1849,  see  China. 
Amoy  2nd  i860,  see  China. 

Amsterdam,  (Albany  Bush,)  Montgomery  Co.  N.  Y.  .1795.  Ten  Eyck  C 
1799- 1803.— Presbyterian  Doc.  Hist.  N.  Y.  iii,  673,  683. 

Amsterdam,  N.  Y.   (Union  Ch.)    1827,  Morris,  J.  Miss,  to,  1827,  Stryker, 

H.  B.  1827-33.— See  Fonda's  Bush  and  Union. 

Amsterdam    1st,    (Port  Jackson)    Montgomery   Co.    N.    Y.    1850     Roof 

50-5,  Gates,  56-7;  Duryea,  I.  G.  59-62,  Voorhees,  H.  M.  63-5,  Quick,' 

A.  M.  65-9,  Pettingill,   (S.  S.)   70-2,  Minor,  73-80,  Kyle,  I.  R.  1881- 

Amsterdam,   Trinity,   1892,    Beattie,   Jas.   A.  92-4,    Blekkink,   94-9,   Van 
Zee,  99-1901. 

Ancram,  Columbia  Co.  N.  Y.  1746,  supplied  by  Livingston,  J.  L.  1779-81 

by  Lansing,   N.   i78i-4.—See  Gallatin.    Smith's  Hist.  N.    Y.  307. 
Anderson  Memorial,,    (Belmont),  see  N.  Y.   C,  borough  Manhattan. 
Andriestown,  1798,  see  Canada- 
Angelica,  Alleghany  Co.  N.  Y.  1797,  Gray,  A.  1797-1819. 
Annadale,  (Clinton)   Hunterdon  Co.  N.  J.  1866,  Van  Doren,  J.  A.  66-72, 
Van   Amberg   supplied;    Cleveland,    77-81,    Williamson,    W.    H.   81-3I 
Wycoff,  G.  84-5,  Henderson,  86-91,  Mc Williams,   (S.  S.)  91-4    Mer- 
shon,  A.  L.  95-8,  Allen,  H.  B.  99-1901. 

Aplington,  Monroe,  Butler.  Co.  la.   1886,  Schaefer,  F.   1886— 
Aplington,  1898.       Schafer,  F.  1896— 

Arabia;  stations: 

Bushrah,  1891. 

Bahrein,  i8g2. 

Muscat,  1893. 
Out-Stations : 

Amara,  1895. 

Nasariyeh,  1897. 

Missionaries:  Rev.  Cantine,  1899—;  Rev.  Samuel  M.  Zwemer, 
1890—;  Mrs.  S.  M.  Zwemer,  1895;  Rev.  Peter  J.  Zwemer.  1892-8; 
Rev.  F.  J.  Barney,  1897—;  Mrs.  F.  J.  Barney,  1898;  Rev.  Geo.  E. 
Stone,  1898-9;  Rev.  H.  J.  Wiersum,  1899-1901 ;  Rev.  J.  E.Moredyk, 
1900 — 


933  THE    CHURCHES. 

Medical  Missionaries:  C.  E.  Riggs,  1892-3;  Rev.  Jas.  T.  Wyckoff,  1894; 
H.  R.  L.  Worral,  1895—;  Mrs.  Emma  Worrall,  M.  D.,  1901—;  S.  J. 
Thorns  1898—;  Mrs.  S.  J.  Thorns,  M.  D.,  1898— 

Arcadia,  (Fairville,)  Wayne  Co.  N.  Y.  1835.  Nevius,  1835-6,  Turner, 
W.   E.   1841-8,   Whitbeck,  J.,    1850-2,   Snyder,   B.   F.   1855-6,   Turner, 

1862-6.     Disbanded   1870. 

Arcadia,  Newark,  Wayne  Co.  N.  Y.  1833,  (Hoi.)  Baas,  83-8,  VanDoorn, 
M.  89-93,  Dangremond,  G.  1895 — 

Archer,  Sioux  Co.  la.  1900. 

Arcot.     See  India. 

Argyle,  Washington  Co.  N.  Y.  1809,  merged  in  Fort  Miller,  1838.  Ostran- 
der,  S.  (S.  S.)  two  years,  Johnson,  I.  Y.  17-21,  Van  Hook,  23-4, 
McKelvey,  J.,  Miss,  to,  27,  Mair,  Miss,  to,  29,  Laing,  1832-3. 

Armour,  1885,  see  Grand  View,  S.  D. 

Ami.     See  India. 

Asbury  Park,  Monmouth  Co.  N.  J.  1876.  Wilson,  F.  F.  76-8,  Enos,  78-9, 
Ballagh,  W.  H.  80-6,  Preyer,  86-8,  Scudder,  E.  C.  (Sr.)  89-95, 
Stryker,  P.  96-1900.  Conger,  1901 — 

Ashokan,  now  Shokan. 

Asquach,  same  as  Osquak. 

Astoria,  1st  and  2nd.     See  N.  Y.  C,  borough  of  Queens. 

Athenia,  see  Centerville,  N.  J. 

Athens,  Greene  Co.  N.  Y.  1826.  Abeel,  D.  26-8,  Van  Cleef,  C.  28-33, 
Wilson,  Jos.  34-6,  Wynkoop,  Jef.  30-40,  Holmes,  E.  40-1,  Watson, 
J.  41-4,  Cornell,  W.  A.  44-8,  Talmadge,  J.  R.  49-50,  Betts,  (S.  S.) 
52-5,  Buckelew,  55-9,  Spaulding.  60-8,  Campbell,  A.  D.  68-82,  Hill,  W. 
B.  86-90,  Ashley,  91-2,  Schomp,  93-7,  Dailey,  97-1901. 

Athens  2d,  N.  Y.  1859.  Spaulding,  60-6,  supplied  by  DeMund.  71  1875. 
Occasional  supplies. 

Athens,  Bradford  Co.  Pa.  1858.  Todd,  A.  F.  1858-65,  Berry,  P.  1865-8, 
Shaw,  J.  F.  1868-70. 

Atwoud,  Antrim  Co.  Mich.  1889.     Pool,  Wm.  1897 — 

Aurelius,  Cayuga  Co.  N.  Y.  1813.     Ten  Eyck,  C.  1813-26. 

Auriesville,  Montgomery  Co.  N.  Y.  1839.  Jukes,  1840-4,  Roof,  1847-50. 
Nott,  John  (S.  S.)  61-78,  Kip,  F.  M.  Jr.,  80-2,  Boyd,  J.  C.  (S.  S.) 
82-1899. 

Aussenberg,    1806,    see    Canada. 

Bacon  Hill,  see  Northumberland,  N.  Y. 


THE   CHURCHES.  939 

Baileyville,  Ogle  Co.  111.  1884,  Zindler,  86-96,  De  Beer,  J.  98-99,  DeWitz, 

1899— 
Baisic.  now  Westerlo. 

Baker,  (Sibley),  Osceola  Co.  la.  1894,  Missy,  A.  1896;  supplied. 
Bannertown,   Woodford   Co.   la.    1882. 
Bath-on-the-Hudson,  1892,  see  Rensselaer,  N    Y. 

Battle  Creek,  Calhoun  Co.  Mich.  1855.  Schultz,  1855-7,  Brown,  H.  J. 
1858-62,  Rogers,  S.  J.  1862-5,  Collier,  I.  1866-70,  Halloway,  W.  W. 
1872-3,  Vander  Hart,   1876-7. 

Bayonne,  see  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

Bayridge,  see  N.  Y.  C,  borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Beach  Woods,  Tioga  Co.  N.  Y.  1823.     Mandeville,  G.  24-6. 

Beaverdam,  Albany  Co.  N.  Y.  1763.  Schuyler,  1766-79,  supplied  also  by 
Labagh  and  Bork,  1779-1810,  De  Voe,  1808-16,  Paige,  Miss,  to  1822, 
Van  Hook,  Miss,  to,  1822,  Bogardus,  C.  22-5,  Blair,  Miss,  to  25,  Van 
Wagenen,  26-31,  Meyers,  A.  H.  31-5,  Van  Kleek,  35-43,  Demarest, 
W.  46-51,  Vedder,  E.  51-5,  Van  Liew,  J.  C.  56-60,  Miller,  E.  60-72, 
Doig,  72-86,  Wurts,  89-93,  Roberts,  94-1901.  Berne  1st  was  one  body 
with  Beaverdam,  until  1830. 

Beaverdam.     See  Roxbury. 

Beaverdam,  Ottawa  Co.  Mich.  1870.  Brock,  J.  C.  72-84,  Bahler,  P.  G.  M. 
85-9,    Baas,   J.    1891 — . 

Bedford,  see  N.  Y  C,  borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Bedminster  Somerset  Co.  N.  J.  1758.  Hardenbergh,  J.  R.  1758-81, 
Romeyn,  T.  F.  1784-5,  Studdiford,  P.  1787-1800,  Duryee,  J.  1786-1800, 
Schureman,  1801-7,  Hardenbergh,  C.  1808-20,  Fisher,  I.  M.  21-39, 
Schenck,  G.  40-52,  Brush,  W.  52-65,  Pool,  66-75,  McNair,  76-92, 
Jones,  T.  W.  1892 — See  H.  P.  Thompson's  Hist.  of. 

Beekman,  Dutchess  Co.  N.  Y.  1825.     Amerman,  T.  A.   (S.  S.)    1830-1. 

Belleville,  (Second  River,)  Essex  Co.  N.  J.  1700.  Bertholf,  G.  (S.  S.) 
17O0-24,  Coens,  1725-30  Van  Santvoord,  C.  1730-2,  Haeghoort,  1735" 
76,  Leydt,  M.  1779-80,  Schoonmaker,  H.  (S.  S.)  1784-94,  Stryker,  P 
1794-1809,  again  1810-12,  Van  Stanvoord,  S.  14-28,  Abeel,  G.  28-34, 
Meyers,  A.  H.  35-7,  Garretson,  J.  37-49,  DeMund,  50-6,  Talmage,  T 
D.  W.  56-9,  Studdiford,  P.  A.  59-66,  Hallowav  W.  67-71,  Strong,  J 
P.  71-9,  Voorhees,  H.  M.  80-2,  Brokaw,  R.  W.  82-8,  Leggett,  W.  J 
89-93,  Hageman,  A.  95-9,  Connor,  1899 — See  Steam's  Hist.  Newark 
N.  J.     Taylor's  Annals  Classics  of  Bergen. 

Bellevue,  1893.     See  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 
Bellona,  see  Benton,  N.  Y. 
Belmond,  1884,  see  Emmanuel,  la. 


940  THE   CHURCHES. 

Belmont,  see  Anderson  Memorial,  N.  Y.  C.  Borough  of  the  Bronx. 

Bensalcm.  Bucks  Co.  Pa.  1710.  (In  union  with  N.  and  S.  Hampton,  until 
1719,  when  it  became  Presbyterian).  Van  Vleck.  P.  1710-13,  Mala- 
chi   Jones,  1713-19. 

Bentheim  see  East  Overisel,  Mich. 

Benton,  Yates  Co.  N.  Y.  1817.  Afterward,  Bellona;  occasionally  sup- 
plied by  Duryee,  John,  from  New  Jersey.  Wack,  C.  P.  1831-5.  Be- 
came Presbyterian. 

Berea,  Orange  Co.  N.  Y.  1819.  (This  was  an  offshoot  of  the  Presbyt. 
Ch.  of  Goodwill,  but  became  R.  D.  C.  in  1822,  in  order  to  secure  the 
services  of  Mr.  Ten  Eyck.)  Ten  Eyck,  J.  B.  21-72,  Comfort,  72-9, 
Milliken,  P.  H.  79-82,  Westveer,  82-7,  Burrowes,  88-91,  Winant, 
92-4,  Searle,  E.  V.  V.  96-9. 

Bergen,  1660.     See  Jersey  City. 

Bergen  Neck,   1829.     See  Bayonne  and  Jersey  City. 

Bergen  Point,  1854..      See  Bayonne  and  Jersey  City. 

Berkshire  Valley,  Tioga  Co.  N.  Y.  1826.     Mandeville,  G.  1826-8. 

Berne  ist,  Albany  Co.  N.  Y.  1830.  (See  Beaverdam.)  Tarbell,  Miss, 
to,  1826,  Van  Wagenen,  26-31,  Meyers,  A.  H.  31-5,  Van  Kleek,  35-43, 
Demarest,  W.  46-51.  Vedder,  51-4,  Van  Liew,  J.  C.  56-60,  Miller,  E. 
60-72,  Doig,  72-85,  Wurts,  86-93,  Roberts,  94-1901. 

Berne,  2d,  (Knox)  Albany  Co.  N.  Y.  1826;  Supplied  by  J.  G.  Tarbell, 
26,  Cahoone,  27,  Stryker,  P.  (Sr.)  27-9;  by  Blair.  Haliday,  Fort,  A. 
Van  Santvoord,  S.  28-32;  Van  Arsdale,  J.  R  34-5,  Van  Kleek,  (S. 
S.)  36,  Waring.  (S.  S.)  38,  Van  Santvoord,  S.  39-41,  Kuieskern,  41-5; 
Sill,  Middlemas,  Van  Santvoord  S.,  Cordell,  45-68,  Ballayh,  W.  H. 
68-77,  Slocum,  79-83,  Lansing,  A.  G.  84-5,  Parsons,  86-94.  Lockwood, 
H.  94-1901.     (See  Knox.) 

Bethany,  Sully  Co.  la.  1886.  Van  Emerick,  S6-94.  (S.  S.)  Zwemer,  F. 
96-8,  Gruys,  1898— 

Bethany,  1892,  see  Chicago,  111. 

Bethany,  1893,  see  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

Bethany,  1899,  see  Clara  City,  la. 

Bethany,    sec  Roxboro,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Bethany  Chapel,  (chapel  on  the  Heights.  1855,)  see  N.  Y.  C,  borough 
Brooklyn. 

Bethany,  Memorial,  see  N.  Y.  C.  borough  Bronx. 

Bethel,  Wis.   1850. 

Bethel,    Pella,    Marion    Co.    la.    1866.     De    Pree,   67-72,    Wormser,    75-8, 


THE   CHURCHES.  94I 

Westing,   82-4,    Wormser    (S.    S.),   86,   Ziegler,   87-92,   Heines,   94-6, 
Troost,  99-1901. 

Bethel,  Leota,  Minn.  1891.  Dangremond,  G.  (S.  S.)  93-5,  Pietenpol, 
1895— 

Bethel,  George  la.   1894.     Janssen,  96-8,  Schnucker,  1899 — . 

Bethel,  Davis,  S.  D.  1896.     Teichrieb,  96-7,  Koerlin,  1897 — . 

Bethel,  Mich.  1898.     Husted,  1898-1900. 

Bethlehem,  Selkirk,  Albany  Co.  N.  Y.  1763.  Bork,  1798-1803,  Over- 
bagh.  1805-6,  Westervelt,  R.  1808-16,  Kissam,  1818-41,  Willis,  42-51, 
Simonson,  52-64,  Voorhees,  H.  M.  65-71,  Skillman,  72-83,  Davis,  J. 
P.  84-6,  De  Hart,  87-8,  Dykstra,  L.  88-91,  Nasholds,  1891— 

Bethlehem  2d,  Delmar,  1848.  Lansing,  J.  A.  48-60,  Pearse,  60-98, 
Clowe,  99-1901,  Allen,  H.  B.  1001 — 

Bethlehem,  Albany  Co.  N.  Y.  Secession,  1824. 

Bethlehem,   Milwaukee   Co.   Wis.    1850. 

Bethlehem,  New   Sharon,   la.,    1894.     Supplied  occasionally  by  Classical 

Missionary,   94-1900,   Dykstra,   B.   D.    1900 — 
Bethlehem,  Wilhelmina,  Md.  1900. 
Beverwyck.     See  Albany. 

Blawenburgh,  Somerset  Co.  N.  J.  1832.  (See  Harlingen  2d.)  Heer- 
mance,  Henry,  32-5,  Talmage,  J.  R.  37'49,  Romeyn,  T.  B.  49-65, 
Fritts,  65-70,  Voorhees,  W.  B.  71-92,  Van  Orden,  1892 — 

Blenheim,  1821,  now  South-Gilboa.  Paige,  1822-7,  Salisbury,  Wm. 
1832-4,  Bogardus,  C.  supplied,   1834. 

Bloominburgh,  Sullivan  Co.  N.  Y.  1819.  Du  Bois.  G.  20-4,  Van  Vech- 
ten,  S.  24-41,  Mills,  S.  W.  (S.  S.)  42-3,  pastor,  43-58,  Searle,  Jer. 
(Jr.)  58-62,  DuBois,  H.  63-66,  Frazee,  J.  H.  66-9,  Beattie,  R.  H. 
70-2,  Todd,  A.  F.  72-6,  Lydekker,  G  77-82,  Wilson.  J.  B.  82-6, 
Stillwell,  J.  L.  86-1902.     See  Wilson's  Hist.  Discourse,  1885. 

Bloomingdale,  Bloomington,  Ulster  Co.  N.  Y.  1796.  Smith,  T.  G.  1799- 
1808,  Hasbrouck,  J.  R.  H.  1809-13,  Van  Keuren,  1826-35,  McFarlane, 
1844-5,  Strong,  T.  C.  1845-9,  Snyder,  B.  F.  1850-2.  Lente,  1855-63, 
Blauvelt,  A.  1866-71,  Liebenau,  74-80,  Hill,  E.  80-2,  Westveer,  82, 
Wyckoff,  D.  W.  B.  82-3,  Compton,  83-7,  Bogardus,  F.  M.  88-90, 
Millett,  Jas.  1890 — 

Bloomingdale,   1805,  see  New  York  City,  borough  Manhattan. 

Blooming  Grove,  De  Freestville,  Rensselaer  Co.  N.  Y.  1814.  Marselus, 
N.  J.  14-22,  Taylor,  B.  C.  22-5,  Dumont,  26-9,  Ostrander,  S.  31-9, 
Middlemas.  40-4,  Wynkoop,  P.  S.  44-8,  Cornell,  W.  A.  49-52.  Spauld- 
ing,  52-6,  Van  Dyck,  L.  H.  56-61,   Staats,  J.  A.  61-6,  Ingallsi,  67-77, 


942  THE    CHURCHES. 

Van  Doren,  W.  H.  78-82,  Mc  Giffert,  83,  Gulick,  Jac.  I.  85-8.  Swick, 
90-4,  Hieber,  »)5-7,  Chrestenson,  1897 — 

Bloomington,  1796,  see  Bloomingdale,  N.  Y. 

Bloomington,  1877,  see  St.  Remys,  N.  Y. 

Blue  Mountain,  Fawns,  Ulster  Co.  N.  Y.  1851.  Hillman.  52-8,  Blauvelt, 
C  J.  59-62.  Buckelew,  63-70,  Freeze,  72-4,  Labaw,  74-82,  Hooper,  J.  F. 
83-4,  Lansing,  A.  G.  85-7,  Wilson,  P.  Q.  (S.  S.)  88-91,  Stowe,  L.  S. 
(S.  S.)  93,  Vander  Meulen,  I.  98-1901,  DeGraff,  1901 — 

BIythebourne,   1890,  see  N.  Y.   C.  borough  Brooklyn. 

Boardville,  Passaic  Co.  N.  J.  (Mission  Station,  1854;)  organized  as  a 
church,  1877;  Bernart,  Miss,  to,  56-77,  pastor,  77-82,  disbanded,  1883. 
Reorganized,    1885.     Disbanded,    1896. 

Bogert  Memorial,  see  Bogota,  N.  J. 

Boght,  Cohoes,  Saratoga  Co.  N.  Y.  1784.  Demarest,  John,  1790-1803, 
Bassett.  1805-11,  Bronk,  13-22,  Steele,  J.  B.  24-33,  Bogardus,  C.  34-8, 
Pitcher,  W.  40-54,  Du  Bois,  J.  54-9,  Major,  60-4,  Raymond,  64-71, 
Taylor,  G.  I.  74-91,  Macardel,  91-3,  Walser,  (S.  S.)  1893 — 

Bogota,  Bogert  Memorial,  N.  J.   1900.  Mac  Millan,  1900 — 

Bon  Homme,  S.  D.   1884.     See  Immanuel,  S.  D. 

Boonton,  now  Montville. 

Boonton,  Morris  Co.  N..  J.  1868.  Durand,  68-70..  Todd,  A.  F.  71-2, 
Wilson,  F.  F.  72-6,  Conklin,  J.  W.  76-80,  Walser,  81-2,  King,  A.  A. 
83-7,  Perlee,  88-91,  Mason,  A.  De  W.  91-4,  McKelvey,  A.  1894— 

Borneo.     See  India. 

(Boston,  Mass.,  Mission  among  the  Hollanders,  1859.  Bcchthold,  1859- 
66,  again  1868-70,  Dutch  cong.  org.  1873,  Vander  Kreeke,  1873-81,  dis- 
banded. This  ch.  was  Congregational,  but  the  services  were  con- 
ducted in  the  Dutch  language.     See  Bechthold.) 

Boundbrook,  South  Bound  Brook,  Somerset  Co.  N.  J.  1846.  Van  Neste, 
47-53.  Demarest,  W.  54-7,  Voorhees,  H.  V.  58-62,  Romaine,  B.  F. 
62-8,  Dutcher,  68-79,  Lyall,  J.  E.  80-1,  Talmage,  D.  M.  82-4,  Todd, 
A.  F.  84-7,  Schock,  88-91,  Mershon,  93-5,  Anderson,  C.  T.  1896 — 

Bowman's  Kill,  now  Buel. 

Boyden,  Boyden  Co.  la.  1888.  Lammers,  90,  Muilcnberg,  92-4,  Bouma, 
94-8,  Wolvins,   1898 — 

Branchville,   1850,  see  South  Branch,  N.  J. 

Brayminville,  same  as  Schoharie  Mt. 

Brazil,  S.  A.  1624.  Michaelius.  at  San  Salvador.  1624-5,  Polhemus.  J. 
T.,  at  Olinda  and  Itamarca,   1637-54. 


THE    CHURCHES.  943 

Breakabin,  North  Blenheim,  Schoharie  Co.  N.  Y.  1820.  Paige,  Miss,  to, 
22-6,  Evans,  Wm.  Miss,  to,  26-7,  Quaw,  34-36,  Steele,  J.  B.  (S.  S.) 
37,  Eggleston,  43-5,  Van  Woert  J.  H.  50-3.  See,  W.  G.  E.  53-9,  Shaf- 
fer, T.  L.  60-7,  Vandewater,  67-9,  Miller,  E.  72-84,  Phelps,  P.  86-95, 
Whitney,  95-8,  Beale,  1900 — 

Brighton,  (CI.  of  Rochester),  N.  Y.  1892,  Van  Westenberg,  92-7,  Betten, 
D.  L.  1897— 

Brighton  Heights,  1823,  see  N.   Y.   C.  borough  of  Richmond 

Britton,  De  Spelder,  Michigan,  1879,  Kershaw,  (S.  S.)  79-82,  Bor- 
den. 83-7,  Gulick,  Jac.  I.  91-3,  Rederus,  (S.  S.)  93-5,  Nickerson,, 
97-9,  Kooiker,  1900 — 

Britton  Mich.  1893,  Rederus,  S.  (S.  S.)  93-5,  Nickerson.  97-9,  Kooiker, 
1899— 

Bronx,  Borough  of,  see  New  York  City. 

Bronksville,  Westchester  Co.  N.  Y.  1850.  Stewart,  50-2,  Collier,  Jos. 
52-5,  Roosevelt,  57-73,  Myers,  A.  E.  73-6,  Hutchins,  76-82,  Runk, 
82-4,  Rankin,  86-8,  McQueen,  91-3,  DeVries,  J.  H.  93-7,  Webster, 
1897- 

Brookdale,  1801,  see  Stone  House  Plains,  N.  J. 

Brookfield,  Fairfield  Co.  Ct.  1869.  Roe,  1868-71,  Wells,  R.  71-5,  Allen, 
F.  E.  (S.  S.)  76-7,  Bogardus,  F.  M.  77-8o.  Name  of  ch.  disappears, 
1886. 

Brooklyn,  borough  of,  see  New  York  City. 

Brooklyn.  N.  Y.   1660.     See  N.  Y.  C,  borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Brookville,  see  Oyster  Bay.  N.  Y. 

Broome,  Schoharie  Co.  N.  Y.  1822.     Paige  1822-36. 

Brown  Settlement,   Sullivan  Co.   N.  Y.   1851.       Bernart,   1851-4. 

Brown's  Station,  Church  of  the  Faithful,  Stewartville,  Ulster  Co. 
N.  Y.  1900.     Zabriskie,  A.  A.  1901 — 

Brunswick,  (Copperas),  Peoria  Co.     111.  1840.     Sill,  1841-9,  Presbyt. 

Bruynswick,  see  Shawangunk,  N.  Y. 

Buckbrook,  Sullivan  Co.  N.  Y.  1858.  An  out-station  of  Callicoon  since 
1863. 

Bucks  Co.  Pa.  Dutch  Chs.  organized  therein  in  1710,  at  North  and  South 
Hampton,  Bensalem,  Neshaminy,  etc.  Written,  Buxconti,  in  Rec- 
ords at  Amsterdam,  Neths. 

Buel,  (Bowman's  Kill,)  Montgomery  Co.  N.  Y.  1837.  Starks,  40-2, 
Clark,  W.   (S.  S.)  43-4- 


944  THE   CHURCHES. 

Buffalo,  Erie  Co.  N.  Y.  1838.  Beattie,  John,  38-44,  Mabon,  W.  V.  V., 
Miss,  to,  44-6. — Disbanded. 

Buffalo,  (Hoi.)  1853.  Wust,  55-6,  Kasse,  61-4.  Boer,  1876-9.  Name  of 
Ch.  disappears  in  1883. 

Buffalo,    1855.     See,  J.   L.,    Miss.   to.    1854-5,   pastor,    1855-61. — Disbanded. 

Buffalo,  N.   Y.    1898.     Layfayette  av.   Beaver,   1898- 1901,   Cussler,    1901 — 

Buffalo  Centre,  Kas.  Co.  la.  1893.  Huenemann,  94-8,  Watermuelder,  L. 
1899— 

Burlington,  Des  Moines  Co.  Iowa,  1853.  Madoulet,  1853-5,  Muller,  J. 
1858-60. 

Burnetsfield,  German  Flats,  N.  Y.  1736.  Weiss,  G.  M.  1736-42.  The 
name  of  this  place  had  quite  disappeared  from  view  until  the  letters 
of  Weiss  brought  it  again  to  light ;  nor  was  the  locality  of  Weiss 
known  for  this  period.     See  Weiss. 

Bushkill  Pa,     See  Walpack.  Lower. 

Bushnell,  McDonough  Co.  111.  1856.  Livingston.  E.  P.  58-70,  Wyckoff, 
J.  71-4,  Bodine,  74-9,  Sharpley,  G.  80-4,  Owens,  84-6,  Jones.  T.  W. 
88-91,  Sonnema,  95-7,  Miedema,   1897- 1900. 

Bushwick  (Boght),  1654.     See  N.  Y.  C,  borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Buskirk's,  (Union  of  Sinthoik  and  Tiossiock,)  Washington  Co.  -  Y. 
1792.  Froeligh,  P.  D.  1802-7,  Ostrander.  S.  1810-21,  Van  Hook, 
Miss,  to,  22,  Switz,  23-9,  Quaw,  Miss,  to,  29,  Pitcher.  J.  H.  33-43, 
Heermance,  Har.  43-5,  Searle,  S.  T.  48-50,  Shaw,  J.  B.  52-9.  Gardner, 
T.  A.  62-7,  Furbeck,  67-75,  Ogden,  76-81,  Southland,  81-91,  Hogan. 
R-  J-  94-7,  Frear,  1898 — 

Caatsban,  1730,  see  Kaatsban,  N.  Y. 

Caledonia,    (Madison,)    Dane   Co.   Wis.    1843.     Slingerland,   44-6. 

Callicoon,  (Thumansville,)  Sullivan  Co.  N.  Y.  1856.  Boehrer.  62-6. 
Schnellendreussler,  66-9,  Elterieh,  71-5,  Windermuth.  80-1,  Schmolz, 
81-3,   Miller,  H.  85-8,  Unglaub.   1888— 

Camp,  1 7 10.  A  general  name  for  the  settlements  of  the  Palantines  on 
each  side  of  the  Hudson.  These  settlements  soon  became  known 
as  East  Camp,  (Kingsbury,  Germantown,)  and  West  Camp,  near 
Kaatsban.  See  East  Camp  and  West  Camp.  Smith's  jN.  Y.  199. 
Doc.  Hist.  N.  Y.  iii,  3821-392.  See  also  Kingsbury,  (sometimes  mis- 
printed Kingsberg,)   and  Livingston  Manor. 

Canada,  Churches  in  : 

Adolphustown,    1798,    1804.     McDowell.    1800-19. 


THE    CHURCHES. 


945 


McDowell  was  general 
missionary  to  all  these 
Canadian  churches. 


Elizabethtown,    1708,    embracing    Augusta    and    Yonge    as    stations. 

Kerby,   1801 — 
Fredrickstown,  1798.     McDowell,  1800-19. 
Emesttown,   1798.     McDowell,   1800-19. 
Matilda,  1798,  1806. 
Williamsburgh,  1798,  1806. 
Bay  of  Cante  or  Quint e,  1798. 
Osnaburgh,  1806. 
Markham,  1806. 
Toronto,  1806. 
Kleinville,  1809. 
Sydney,   1809. 

Little  York,  1810.  Burned  in  the 
war  of  1812,   now   Toronto, 
embracing,  perhaps  a  score 
of  churches. 

Sophiasburgh,  1810. 

Hallowell,  1816.     Now  Pictou. 

A  German  church  25  miles  north  of  York,  1806.  (Now  Toronto.)  In 
1819,  Rev.  C.  D.  Schermerhorn  is  represented  as  ready  to  join  Mc- 
Dowell and  settle  in  Canada,  and  in  1823.  as  actually  settled  there  in 
Talbot  street,  Toronto.     See  Domestic  Missions.  _  Also  Mag.  R.  D. 

C.  1.  34- 

For  Canadian  Church  History,  see  Life  and  Times  of  Robert  Burns,  D.D., 
pub.  by  Campbell  &  Son,  Toronto;  Kemp's  Digest  of  the  Minutes  of 
the  Syn  of  Presbyt.  Ch.  Canada,  (the  Free  Church;)  pub.  by  John 
Lovell,  Montreal,  1861.  Historical  Statistical  Report  of  the  Presby. 
Ch.  of  Canada,  in  connection  with  the  Ch.  of  Scotland,  for  the  year 
1866;  pub.  by  Lovell,  Montreal,  1867.  The  Year  Book  of  the  Dominion 
of  Canada,  1875.  History  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Secession  and 
United  Presbyt.  Ch.  by  Rev.  Dr.  John  McKerrow,  has  much  reliable 
Canadian  Church  History  in  it  (Edinburgh,  Scotland.)  Mr.  H. 
M.  McCollum  wrote  an  elaborate  series  of  articles  in  the  Canada 
Presbyterian  on  Canadian  Church  History,  in  1879-80,  with  many 
interesting  references  to  the  R.  D.  missionaries.  Later  histories 
have  no  doubt  been  published.  See  Doc.  Hist.  N.  Y.  Hi.  686.  Mc- 
Clintock's  Cyc.  viii,  544. 

Canajoharie,  (on  Sand  Hill,)  Montgomery  Co.  N.  Y.  1750.  Rosencrantz, 
A.  1750-8,  again  1765-94,  Loppius,  (or  Lupp,)  I770I775?,  Kennipe, 
1775  ?-79?  Gros,    supplied    occasionally,    1779-83.    Broeffle,    1784-8, 


THE   CHURCHES. 

Peck,  D.  C.  A.  [788-96,  Gros,  1796-1800,  Labagh,  I.  1800-3,  Wack,  J. 
J.  1803-30,  Toll,  1805-15,  Hasbrouck,  J.  R.  H.  20-26.  See  Fort  Plain, 
1831.  Doc.  Hist.  i.  340.  Tbe  churcbcs  of  Canajoharie,  Fort  Plain, 
and  Stone  Arabia,  were  burned  1780  in  the  invasion  under  Brandt 
See  Fort  Plain,  Stone  Arabia,  Fort  Herkimer. 

Canajoharie   (independent,)    1816.     Wack,  J.  J.   1816-27. 

Canajoharie,  Seceder,   (Westerlo  and  Middletown,)    1822.       Tall,  1822-42. 

Canajoharie,  1827.  Van  Olinda,  supply,  27-30,  Wells,  R.  30-4,  Van 
Kleek,  34-6.  Robertson,  37-8,  Dunning,  42-4,  McFarlane,  45-8,  DeWitt, 
J.  48-9,  Chapman,  N.  F.  49-53,  Hammond,  E.  S.  (S.S.)  54-6,  Ro- 
maine,  (S.  S.  1857-9,)  59-62,  Van  Zandt,  B.  62-9,  Williams,  R.  R. 
70-83,   Haines.   F.    S.   34-91,   Denman,  92-7,   Peters,  Jos.   D.    1898 — 

Canarsie,  L.  I.   (Ger.)   1877,  see  N.  Y.  C,  borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Canastota,  Madison  Co.  N.  Y.  1833.  Gregory,  T.  B.  (S.  S.)  34-6,  Stry- 
cker,  P.  (S.  S.)  36,  Goetschius,  S.  Z.  (S.  S.)  36-7,  Hyde,  Orin,  Presbt. 
(S.  S.)  37,  Van  Santvoord,  C.  S.  38-9.  White  A.  (S.  S.)  Pres., 
39-40,  Rand,  41-4,  Drake,  45-53,  Gaston,  A.  H.  (S.  S.)  Pres.  55-6, 
Bogardus,  N.  (S.  S.)  58-9,  Garretson,  J.  59-61,  (Little,  Jas.  A.  (S.  S.) 
Pres.)  61-3,  Wurts,  63-8,  Lockwood,  J.  H.  71-4,  Wurts,  (S.  S.)  77-8, 
Name  disappears  78-89,  reappears.  90-4,  and  again  disappears. 

Canton,  1830,  see  China. 

Car  mix,   Sioux  Co.   la'.    1896,  Te   Selle,  97-1900.     Dykhuysen,   H.    1900 — . 

Caroline,   Tompkins   Co.   N.   Y.    1800.     Mandeville,   G.    1802-4. 

Caroline,  1831.  Wack,  C.  P.  1831,  Tarbell,  32-40,  Gates,  42-50.  Whit- 
beck,  J.  52-68. 

Castalia,  S.  D.  1884,  see  Charles  Mix,  S.  D. 

Castleton    Emmanuel,    Rensselaer    Co.    N.    Y.    1853.     Stimpson,    E.  P. 

53-61,  Heermance,  E.   L.  61-9,   Mills,  G.   A.  70-82.     Campbell,  A.  D. 

82-9.     Dunlap,    (S.    S.)    88-9,   Wyckoff,    C.    E.   91-3,   Thomas,   E.  E. 
1894— 

Catlin,  Cayuga  Co.?  N.  Y.  1831.     Rogers,  L.  1832-3. 

Cato,  Cayuga  Co.  N.  Y.  1818.  De  Fraest,  22-6,  Wyncoop,  R.  Miss,  to, 
27,  Stevenson,  Miss,  to,  28,  Hoffman,  31-43,  Knight,  R.  W.  45"52. 
.Morse,  A.  G.  57-9,  Watson,  T.  G.  61-9,  Wilson,  F.  F.  72-3.  Swick, 
69-71,  Van  Doren,  74-6,  Wells,  R.  76-80.  In  1884  the  name  of  church 
disappears. 

Cato,  Seceder,  1827. 

Catskill,  (Old;)  afterwards  called  Madison,  and  Leeds;  Green  Co.  N.  Y. 
1732.  Census  for  1720,  in  Doc.  Hist.  i.  -'44.  Weiss.  1732-6.  Schu- 
rieman,  1753-94,  Labagh,  1797-1809,  Ostrander,  H.  1810-12,  Wynkoop. 
P.    S.    1814-17,    Wyckoff,    I.    N.    1817-Mar.   9,    1833.   at   this    date   this 


THE    CHURCHES.  947 

organization     (at    Leeds)     was    abandoned,    and    the    consistory    ad- 
journed,  sine   die.     (See    Catskill    village   and   Leeds.) 

Catskill,  Greene  Co.  N.  .Y.  1833.  as  a  station,  supplied  by  Wyckoff, 
I.  N.  28-33;  Wyckoff,  I.  N.  33-6,  Romeyn,  Jas.  36-41,  Murdock.  42-51, 
Van  Gieson,  53-5,  Welch,  56-9,  Lansing,  J.  A.  60-6,  Horton,  67-73, 
Thompson,  J.  B.  74-84,  Vanslyke,  E.  84-97,  Demarest,  W.  H.  S.  97- 
1901,  Demarest,  Alf.  1901 — 

Caughnawaga,  1758,  see  Fonda,  N.  Y. 

Cedar  Grove,  (formerly  Holland,)  Sheboygan  Co.  Wis.  1854.  Beidler, 
Miss,  to,  55,  Vander  Schuuer,  55-6,  Van  Lieuwen,  57-9,  Vandermeu- 
len,  J.  C.  61-3,  Stobelar,  64-73,  Borgers.  74-81,  Wormser,  A.  82-7, 
Stapelkamp,  88-94.  Veldman,  95-8,  Van  Zanten,  1899 — 

Centennial  Chapel,  see  N.  Y.  C,  borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Centreville,  Athenia,  Passaic  Co.  N.  J.  1882.  McKelvey,  A.  82-3,  Still- 
well,  J.  L.  84-6,  Dubois,  Anson,  87-19O1,  Van  Arsdale,  N.  H.  1901 — 

Centreville,  St.  Joseph  Co.  Mich.  1839.  (Ketchum,  Miss.  to.  1836,) 
Bennett,  39-44,  McNeish,  44-6,  Seeber,  47-8,  Minor,  48-50,  Schultz, 
J-  N.  53-5,  Kershow,  55-65,  Van  Vranken,  A.  H.  65-80,  Peeke,  A. 
P.  81-91,  Sonnema,  91-5,  Bailey,  H.  S.  1896 —  See  Peek's  Hist. 
Address  at   Semi-Centennial,   1891. 

Centreville,  Turner  Co.  S.  D.  1880.  (known  simply  as  Dakota,,  until  1884.) 
Warnshins,  H.  W.  81-92,  Nickerson,  92-6,  Midema,  96-97.  Disbanded 
1898. 

Central  Bridge,  Schoharie  Co.  N.  Y.  1875.  Millspaugh,  1876-8,  Buckelew, 
78-86,  Beekman,  T.  A.  89-93,  Lipes,  94-5,  Jongneel,  Jas.  95-9,  Voe- 
gelin,  1900 — 

Ceylon,  see  India. 

Chapel  on  the  Heights,   (Bethany,)   1855,  see  N.  Y.  C.  borough  of  Brook- 
lyn. 

Chapin,  1890.     See  Zion,  la. 

Charles  Mix  (Castalia  and  Platte,)  S.  D.  1884.  Zwemer,  F.  J.  85-92, 
Mollema,  1893 — 

Charlestown,  Montgomery  Co.  N.  Y.  1797.  Wyckoff,  H.  V.  17.. -1803,  Van 
Buren,  P.  1805,  Hasbrouck,  J.  R.  H.  1820-6,  Morris,  J.,  Miss,  to, 
27-9,  Chittenden,  Miss,  to,  31-3. 

Charlestown  2nd,  1803.  Wyckoff,  H.  V.  1803-20.  Van  Kuren,  Miss,  to,  1824. 

Charlestowti,  Seceder,  1822.     Wyckoff,  H.  V.  1822-9. 

Charlestown  2nd,  Seceder,  1824. 

Charlestown,  Independent,  1829.     Wyckoff,  H.  V.  1829-31? 

Charleston,   S.   C.    (station.)    Lyall,  Wm.   1865-6. 


948  THE   CHURCHES. 

Chatham,  Columbia  Co.  N.  Y.  1843.  Porter,  E.  S.  43-9,  Williamson,  N. 
D.  50-1,  Schenck,  J.  W.  51-3,  Holmes,  E.  53-9,  Mead,  59-70,  Campbell, 
Jas.  B.  70-3,  Van  Arsdale,  N.  H.  74-80,  Brown,  T.  S.  80-97,  Denman, 
97-1901. 

Chenango,  (near  Binghamton,)  Broome  Co.  N.  Y.  1794.  See  Union. 
Doc.  Hist.  iii.  627-634. 

Cherry  Hill,  Bergen  Co.  N.  J.  1876.  Wood,  C.  W.  77-8,  Graham,  78-84, 
Harris,  J.  F.  86-91,  Manchel,  91-3,  Duryee,  Ab.  1894 — 

Cherrytown,  (station.)  Ulster  Co.  N.  Y.     Higgins,  (S.  S.)    1878-9. 

Chester,  now  Westerlo. 

Chiang-Chiu,  see  China. 

Chicago,  Cook  Co.  111.,  churches  in: 

1.  Chicago,   Hoi.    13th    Place,    1853.       Vander   Meulen,    C.   59-60,   Bolks, 

61-2,    Klyn,    63-8,    Debey.    68-91,    Bloemendal,    91-4,    Joldersma,    95-9, 
Harmeling,    H.    1900 — 

2.  Chicago,  2nd,    (American  Refd.)    1854.     Ferris,  J.   M.   54-62,   William- 

Son,  N.  D.  62-5,  Demarest,  Jas.,  66-71,  Gulick,  U.  D.  72-5.     Name  of 
ch.  dropped  after  1880. 

3.  Norwood  Park,  1871.     Gulick,  U.  D.  70-2,  Gulick.  A.  V.  72-82,  Rocke- 

feller, 82-4,  Joralmon,  84-95,   Hutchinson.  96-1900,   Miedema,    1900 — . 

4.  Irving  Park,  N.  42nd  Av.   1874.     Lansing,  A.  G.  74-7,  Van  Vranken, 

H.  H.  77—   Phraner,  W.  H.  83-8,  Williamson.  W.  H.  89-92,  Fairchild, 
92-4,  Brooks,  J.  W.  94-8,  Baker,  F.  P.  1899 — 

5.  Roseland,  1st,  Mich.  Av.  and  107  st,   1879.     Kriekaard.  C.  79-84,  Van 

Ess,  B.,  84-90,  Moerdyk,  W.  1900 — . 

6.  Englewood,  62nd  and  Peoria  sts.  1886..     Dejonge,  J.  P.  87-93,  Dykstra, 

L.  93-8,  Hospers,  H.  1900 — 

7.  Roseland,  2nd,  Bethany,  1  nth  st.  1890.     Hekhuis,  G.  J.  1891 — 

8.  Gano,  Clark  and  117th  sts.   1891.     Warnshins,  J.  W.  91-5.   Poot.  95-8, 

Bouma,  1898 — 

9.  Trinity,   446    Marshfield    Av.    1891.     Moerdyke.    Peter,    1892 — 

10.  Northwestern,  W.  Superior  st.  (Presbyt.  1888).  R.  C.  A.  1893.  Van 
den  Hook,  88-96,  Vander  Werf,  96-9,  Boer.  H,  K.  1900 — . 

China,  Mission  to.  founded  1842.  The  district  occupied  by  the  Reformed 
(  iuiu  11  in  America  covers  about  6000  square  miles,  and  has  a 
population  of  about  3,000.000.  Amoy,  the  centre  of  this  missionary 
enterprise,  is  a  seaport  in  the  southern  part  of  the  province  of  Fuh- 
Kien.  It  was  one  of  the  first  five  treaty  ports  opened  for  residence 
and   trade,  by  the  Treaty  of   Nankin.   Aug.  29,   1842;  but  as  early  as 


THE    CHURCHES.  949 

February,  1842,  had  become  the  base  of  the  present  extensive  mis- 
sionary operations  of  the  three  Missions  now  laboring  there,  viz., 
The  American  Reformed  Church  Mission,  1842;  The  London  Mis- 
sionary Society,  (Congregational),  1844;  and  The  English  Presby- 
terian Church  Mission,   1850. 

In  a  wider  sense  Amoy  refers  to  a  district  covering  an  area  of  about 
18,000  square  miles  comprising  three  Fu,  (or  large  districts),  with  twenty 
counties,  and  two  Chiu,  (or  smaller  districts),  with  four  counties,  having 
a  total  population  estimated  at  10,000,000,  and  divided  as  follows :  Choang- 
chiu  Fu  with  five  counties,  and  Eng-chhun-Chiu,  with  two  counties,  pop- 
ulation 3,500,000;  Chiang-Chiu  Fu,  with  seven  counties,  and  Leng-na- 
Chiu,  with  two  counties,  3,000,000;  Teng-Chiu  Fu,  with  eight  counties, 
3,500,000.  The  three  important  cities  are  Amoy,  population  700,000; 
Choang-Chiu,  500,000;  and  Chiang-Chiu,  200,000. 

By  the  comity  of  Missions,  this  entire  district  has  been,  as  nearly  as 
possible,  divided  among  the  three  Missions  above  named.  Hence,  each 
has  a  district  of  about  6,000  square  miles,  and  more  than  3,000,000  of 
people  under  its  supervision. 

The  people  of  these  districts  are  exceptionally  peaceable  and  industri- 
ous, and  have  almost  always  treated  the  missionary  work  with  fairness. 
During  the  whole  history  of  missions  in  this  corner  of  China,  no  mission- 
ary has  been  killed  or  driven  away.  See  pages  251-6  of  this  work,  and 
the  names  of  the  missionaries.  The  following  have  been  the  ordained 
Amercan   missionaries   in   the   Amoy   Mission: 

Abeel,  D.  1842-5;  Doty,  1844-65:  Pohlman,  1844-9;  Talmage,  J.  V.  N. 
1847-92;  Joralmon,  1855-8;  Ostrom,  1858-64;  Rapalje,  1858-1901; 
(Watkins,  sailed  i860;  vessel  was  never  heard  from)  ;  Kip,  1861-1901 ; 
Blauvelt,  1861-4;  Van  Doren,  1864-73;  Davis,  J.  A.  1868-71;  Talmage, 
D.  M.  1877-80;  Van  Dyck,  A.  1882-96;  Pitcher,  1885—;  Otte,  medical 
missionary  1887—;  ordained,  1896 — ;  Fagg,  1887-94;  Frazer,  1895-8; 
Studley,  1896-1902;  Warnshuis,  1900 —  Ruingh,  D.  C.  1902 — 

These  missionaries  visit  the  churches  and  stations  from  time  to  time, 
which  generally  have  their  own  native  pastors  or  evangelists.  They  also 
engage  in  training  up  a  native  ministry ;  in  translating  the  Scriptures  and 
religious  literature,  and  in  directing  operations  in  the  Mission  generally. 

Churches  and  Stations  in  China,  arranged  in  chronological  order. 
Organized  churches  in  small  capitals.  The  outstations  are  under  the 
care  of  the  pastor  of  the  chief  church  of  the  vicinity.  All  such 
churches  have  also  a  special  evangelist,  towards  whose  support,  as 
well  as  of  the  support  of  the  mission,  they  contribute.  The  moneys 
given  are  included  in  the  report  of  the  superintending  church. 

Canton,  1830.     Abeel,  David,  Feb.-Dec.   1830. 

Macao,  1839.     Abeel,  1839-41. 

Kolongsoo,  1842.     Abeel,  1842-4.     See  Ch.  No.  3. 


950  THE   CHURCHES. 

Amoy  City,  1844.     Abeel,  July  1844 — Jan.  1845.     See  Ch.  No.  3. 
Chiang-chiu,  1853.     See  Ch.  No.  6.. 
Chioh-be,  1854.     See  Ch.  No.  2. 

1.  Amoy,    1st.    1856.     Native   pastors:    Lo    Tau,    63-9,    Chhoa,    71-83,    Ng 

Ho-seng,    1885— 

2.  Chioh-be,   1859.     (Out-stations:    Chioh-be,    1854,  and   Hai-teng.    1890.) 

Pastors :     Tiu,  72-82,  Lun-kiok,  86-93,  Keh,  93-8,  Ang-Khek-chiong, 

1899—  : 

3.  Amoy,  2nd,   i860.      (Out-stations:  Kolong-soo,   1842,  Amoy  City,    1844, 

Poa-bo,  1895.)     Pastors:  Jap  Han-Chiong.  63-83, Ti- Peng- tong,  1884 — 

Te-soa,  1862.     See  Ch.  No.  5. 
Kang-tau,   1863.     See  Ch.  No.  4. 
Kio-tau,  1865.     See  Ch.  No.  4. 
Ang-tung-tau,  1865.     Sec  Ch.  No.  5. 
Tong-an,   1866.     See  Ch.  No.  7. 

4.  O-Kang,    1868.     Formed    by    union    of    Kio-tau,    previously    Opi,    and 

Kiang-tau  Stations.  (Out-stations:  Kang-tau,  1863,  Kio-tau,  18&5, 
An-nai,  1895  and  Chia-chung,  1897.)  Pastors:  Li  Ki-che,  89-92, 
Ong-Ki-siong,  1893 — . 

5.  Hong-San,    1870.     Formed   by  the  union  of   Te-soa    (san),  and   Ang 

(Hong)  tung-tau  stations.  (Out-stations:  Te-soa,  1862,  Ang-tung- 
tan,  1865,  Te-tau,  1892,  An-Khoi,  1899,  Chai-po,  1900.)  Pastors: 
Iu-Ho-sui,   1889 — 

6.  Chiang-Chiu,     1871.     (Out-stations:      Chiang-chiu,     1853,     Sin-Tung, 

[896,  Sin-Kio,  1899.)  Pastors:  Ti,  82-4,  Chhoa,  84-93,  Tau  Kam- 
choa,  1893 — 

7.  Tong-an,  1871.  (Out-stations:  Tong-an,  1866,  Poa-tau-chhi,  1876, 
To-kio,  1890,  0-clii,  1895,  Ngo-hian,  1896,  Chioh-jim,  1899.)  Pastors: 
Li  Ki-chi,  90-94,  Hi,  1894 — 

Sioke,  1876.     See  Ch.  No.  8. 
Soa-sia,    1876.     See   Ch.   No.   9. 
Tiang-to,  1876.     See  Ch.  No.  9. 
Poa-tau,  1876.     See  Ch.  No.  7. 
Leng-soa,  1877.     See  Ch.  No.  7. 
Poa-a,  1878.     See  Ch.  No.  II. 
Phoa,  1880.     See  Ch.  No.  8. 

8.  Sioke,    1881.     (Out-stations:     Sio-ke,    1876,    Phoa,    1880,    Toa-lo-teng, 

1890.    Kun-ia,  1892,  Peng-ho,  1893,  Toa-ke,  1895.)     Pastors :  Jap  Han- 
chiong,   1889 — . 
Hai-teng,  1890.     See  Ch..  No.  2. 


THE    CHURCHES.  951 

To-kio,  1890.     See  Ch.  No.  7. 
Toa-lo-teng„  1890.     See  Ch.  No.  8. 

9.  Thiang  San,  1891.  Formed  by  union  of  Thiang-po  and  Soa  (san) 
sia    stations.     (Out-stations:     Thiang-to,    1876,    Soa-sia,    1876,    Leng- 

soa,  1877,  Tung-li-jin,  1896,  Lam-khe,  1897,  E-lang,  1897,  E-go,  1899, 
Chung-tu,  1899,  and  Hoe-ke,  1899.)     Pastors:     Tiong  Iu-li,  1891 — 

Te-tau,  1892.     See  Ch.  No.  5. 

Lam-siu,  1892.     See  Ch.  No.  10. 

Kung-ia,   1892.     See  Ch.   No.  8. 

10.  Chilam,  1893.  Formed  by  union  of  Lam-sin  and  Chi-a-be  stations. 
The  latter  is  a  station  under  the  English  Presbyterian  Church  Mis- 
sion. See  Synod  of  Amoy  for  church  union.  (Out-stations:  Lam- 
sin,  1892  and  Iu-tan,  1895.)     Pastors:    Lim-Kiok,  1894 — 

Peng-ho,  1893.     See  Ch..  No.  8. 

11.  Poa-a,  1894.  (Out-stations:  Poa-a,  1878,  Am-an,  1895,  Toa-ke, 
1895.)     Pastors:     Lim-chi-seng,    1894 — 

0-chi„  1895.     See  Ch.  No.  7. 
Toa-ki,  1895-     See  Ch.  No.  8. 
Iu-tan,   1895.     See  Ch.   No.   10. 
Toa-ke,    1895.     See   Ch.    No.    10. 
Am-an,    1895.     See   Ch.   No.   10. 
Poa-bo,   1895.     See  Ch.   No.  3. 
An-nai,  1895.     See  Ch.  No.  4. 
Sin-Tung,   1896.     See  Ch.   No.  6.. 
Ngo-hian,   1896.     See  Ch.   No.  7. 
Tung-li-gin,   1896.     See  Ch.   No.  9. 
Chi-a-chung,  1897.     See  Ch.  No  4. 
E-lang,  1897.     See  Ch.  No.  9. 
Lam-Khe,  1897.     See  Ch.  No.  9. 
An-Khoi,  1899.     See  Ch.  No.  5. 
Sin-Kio,  1899.     See  Ch.  No.  6. 
Chioh-gin,  1899.     See  Ch.  No.  7. 
Hoe-Ke,  1899.     See  Ch.  No.  9. 
Chung-tiu,  1899.     See  Ch.  No.  9. 
E-go,  1899.    See  Ch.  No.  9. 
Chai-po,  1900.     See  Ch.  No.  5. 

The  Synod  of  Amoy. 
The  Amoy  Mission  was  founded  in  1842  by  the  American  Dutch 
Church.  In  1850  the  Presbyterian  Church  of  England  also  began  opera- 
tions in  Amoy,  and  at  once  cordially  co-operated  with  the  American 
missionaries.  The  earlier  English  missionaries  were  Wm.  Young,  M.  D.r 
Rev.  Wm.  Burns,  Rev.  J.  Johnston  and  Dr.  Carstain  Douglass.  Perfect 
harmony  has  reigned  between  these  two  missions  for  more  than  half  a 


952  THE    CHURCHES. 

century.  Each  Mission  lias  kept  its  own  pecuniary  matters  distinct,  and 
each  had  assigned  to  it,  in  order  to  wider  usefulness,  its  distinct  field  of 
operations.  But  it  was  understood  that  there  was  to  be  but  one  Chinese 
Church,  to  be  Called  "Ia-so-'Seng-Kan,"  or  "The  Holy  Church  of  Jesus." 
It  was  to  be  Presbyterian  in  government,  but  not  distinctively  English 
or  American.  In  1856  the  first  congregation  was  formally  organized  in 
Amoy.  This  is  there  known  as  the  "Sin-koe-a,"  or  "The  Little  New 
Street  Church."'  A  building  had  already  been  erected,  in  1848,  which  was 
the  first  Protestant  Church  building  in  the  entire  Chinese  Empire.  In 
i860  there  were  five  church  organizations  connected  with  the  two  societies, 
but  no  higher  Church  body  had  yet  been  formed.  The  missionaries  now 
felt  that  the  time  had  arrived  when  the  native  churches  should  enjoy  all 
the  benefits  of  the  Presbyterian  system.  It  was  not,  however,  until  1862 
that  a  classis  was  formed,  known  as  "The  Great  Presbyterian  Council. 

But  another  score  of  years  passed  away  before  the  next  step,  in  the 
fuller  organization,  was  taken.  In  ^893  there  were  19  native  churches,  9 
being  connected  with  the  American  Mission,  and  10  with  the  English 
Mission.  The  one  Classis  was  now  divided  into  two :  the  Northern 
Classis,  consisting  of  nine  churches,  called  "Chin-chiu,"  and  the  Southern 
Classis,  consisting  of  10  churches,  called  "Chiang-chiu,"  according  to  the 
political  divisions  of  the  district.  At  the  same  time,  measures  were  taken 
for  the  formation  of  "The  Particular  Synod  of  Amoy,"  whose  fiTst 
regular  session  was  held  April  18,  1894. 

The  missionaries,  by  Constitutional  right  became  integral  parts  of  the 
Classes  and  the  Synod.  They  enjoy  equal  privileges  in  deliberations,  in 
the  holding  of  offices,  etc.,  but  are  not  subject  to  the  discipline  of  these 
bodies.  This  unique  condition  has  continued  all  these  years,  without  the 
slightest  friction  or  misunderstanding  on  the  part  of  the  Chinese  brethren. 

In  1901  there  were  27  churches  connected  with  this  Synod.  Eleven 
were  more  closely  connected  with  the  American  Mission,  having  1377 
communicants ;  and  sixteen  more  closely  connected  with  the  English 
Mission,  having  1868  communicants.  These  churches  all  support  their 
own  pastors,  besides  supporting  connected  missionary  work.  Their  con- 
tributions, in  1900,  amounted  to  $13,534.82,  estimated  in  Mexican  dollars, 
worth  about  50  cts.  of  our  money. 

Chioh-be,  1859.     See  China. 

Chittenango,  Madison  Co.  N.  Y.  1828.  Taylor.  H.  28-30,  Yates,  A.  30-4, 
Campbell,  W.  H.  Sept.  1,  31 — July  2,  32,  Slingerland,  33-4,  Hoes,  35-7, 
Abel,  38-55,  Hastings,  56-59,  Talmage,  J.  R.  60-9,  Enders,  69-80; 
name  of  ch.  dropped  after  1894. 

Chittoor,  1853,  see  India. 

Christ  Church,  1871.     See  Newark,  N.  J. 

Chukonot,  now  Florida,  N.  Y. 

Church  of  the  Comforter   (  Wiltwick)    1863.     See  Kingston,  N.  Y. 


THE   CHURCHES.  953 

Church  of  the  Comforter,  1894.     See  N.  Y.  C,  Borough  of  the  Bronx. 

Church  of  the  Faithful,  1898.     See  Brown's  Station,  N.  Y. 

Church-on-the-Heights,   1851.     See  N.  Y.  C,  Borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Churchville,  1710.     See  N.  and  S.  Hampton,  Pa. 

Churchville,  Holland,  Pipestone  Co.,  Minn.  1897.     Menning,  1897 — . 

Cicero,  Onondaga  Co.  N.  Y.  1837.  Seely,  40-4,  Liddell,  supplied,  48-9, 
Williamson,  N.  D.  49-50,  Du  Bois,  J.  50-4,  Gray,  J.  56-7,  Edmonson, 
79-81,  Babcock.  81-2,  Strail,  82-4,  supplied  by  students,  84-90,  by 
Smith,  E.  E.  90-1,  by  Ruhl,  91-4,  by  Wilcox,  94-7,  by  Emens,  97-9, 
by  Horst,  99-1901,  Smith,  H.  1901 — . 

Clara  City,  Bethany,  (German),  Chippewa  Co.  Minn.  1899.     Chr.  End. 

Ch.  No.  17,  Aeilts,  1900— 

Clara  City,  (Dutch),  Chippewa  Co.  Minn.  1897.  Krickaard,  C.  95-8, 
Aeilts,  (S.  S.)   1900 — . 

Claraville,  (Upper  Neversink,)  Sullivan  Co.  N.  Y.  1849.  Bernart,  51-6, 
Jones,  D.  A.  58-63,  Hammond,  J.  W.  63-7,  Turner,  W.  E.  (S.S.) 
67-72;  Milliken,  R.  P.  76-83,  Lane,  G.  85-88,  Coombs.  Wm.  90-3, 
vacant  since  1893. 

Clarktown,  (New  Hempstead),  West  Nyack,  Rockland  Co.  N.  Y.  1749, 
Verbryck.  S.  1750-84,  Lansing,  N.  1784-1830,  Hunt,  30-2,  Warner,  A. 
H.  32-7,  Quick,  P.  J.  37-66,  Lippincott,  66-72,  Schenck,  F.  S.  72-7, 
Streng,  77-82,  Hageman,  C.  S.  (S.S.)  82-4,  Talmage,  D.  M.  84-8, 
Zwemer,  'S.  M.  (S.  S.)  88-90,  Hill,  Eng.  90-7,  Conover,  G.  M.  1897— 

Clarkstown,  Secession,  1825.  Lansing,  J.  V.  S.  26,  Brinkerhoff,  J.  G.  30-40, 
Van  Houten,  58-62. 

Clarksville,  New  Salem,  Albany  Co.  N.  Y.  1854.  Lansing,  A.  G.  58-62, 
Slauson,  62-6,  Ballagh,  W.  H.  (S.S.)  68-9,  Westveer,  69-71,  Pearse, 
N.  73-7,  Lansing,  A.  G  77-83,  Perlee,  84-6,  Brown,  W.  S.  88-91,  Mor- 
ton, T.  E.  92-3,  Van  Burk,  93-4,  Green,  E.  W.  94-6,  Van  Haegen, 
97-9,   Van  Doren,    D.   K.    1899 — . 

Claverack,  Columbia  Co.  N.  Y.  1716.  Vandriessen,  J.  1727-8,  (Erickson 
supplied,  1731-2,  and  Van  Schie,  1732-43,)  Van  Hovenberg,  1743-56, 
Fryenmoet,  1756-70,  (supplied  by  Cock,  1770-6),  Gebhard,  1776-1826, 
Sluyter,  16-43,  Boice,  I.  C.  44-59,  Van  Gieson,  59-65,  Zabriskie  F.  N. 
66-72.  Schenck,  J  W.  72-81,  Leggett,  W.  J.  82-9,  Wyckoff,  J.  H.  89- 
92,  Burrill,  G.  H.  1892— See  Smith's  N.  Y.  307,  Zabriskie's  Claverack 
Centennial. 

Claverack  2nd  1838,  see  Mellenville,  N.  Y. 

Cleveland,  Oswego  Co.  N.  Y.  1850.  Hall,  D.  B.  50-3,  Jones,  N.  W.  53-4, 
Presbyt.   1856. 

Cleveland,   Cuyahoga   Co.   O.    (Hoi.)    1864.     Kasse,   64-8,   Warnshuis,  J. 


1  HE    CHURCHES. 

68-71,  De  Beer,  72-4.  Broek,  D.  75-6,  Wormser,  78-81,  Dykstra,  L. 
82-3,  Van  Houte,  Jac.  84-6,  Niemeyer,  G.  86-90,  Hogeboom,  90-0, 
Hoffman,  J.  1899 — . 

Cleveland,  2nd,  1890.    Westveer,  90-1,  Straks,  91-4,  Hospers,  G.  H.  1894 — 

Clifton,  Passaic  Co.  N.  J.  1892.  Birdsall,  92-9,  Van  Haegen,  99-1900. 
Ellsworth,  1901 — 

Clifton  Park,  now  Amity. 

Clinton,   1866,  see  Annandale,  N.  J. 

Clintonville,  1840,  see  Irvington,  N.  J. 

Closter  City,  Bergen  Co..  N.  J.  1862.  Hammond,  E.  S.,  Miss,  to,  62-4, 
Blauvelt,  C.  J.  66-9,  Van  Buskirk,  69-87,  Ward,  H.  1887— 

Clove.  (  Deck<.rtown,)  Sussex  Co.  N.  J.  1788.  Supplied  by  Romeyn,  T. 
(Sr.)  1760-71,  as  a  station.  Van  Bunschooten,  E.  1788-1812.  In  1818, 
Presbyterian.  The  Sussex  Independent  published,  in  Feb.  1883,  the 
petition  for  the  organization  of  this  church  in   1787. 

Clove,  Dutchess  Co.  N.  Y.  1769.  Supplied  by  Rysdyck  and  the  ministers 
of  Hopewell. 

Clove,  High  Falls,  Ulster  Co.  N.  Y.  1807.  Mandeville,  Gar.  (S.S.)  1789- 
1802,  Westervelt.  R.  1807-8,  Murphy,  14-25,  Morse,  B.  Y.  Miss,  to, 
28,  Westfall,  B.  B.  28-34,  Knight,  38,  Alliger,  40-3.  Lillie.  Jas.  44-5, 
Depuy,  46-53,  Evans.  53-6,  Jones,  N.  W.  (S.S.)  56,  Voorhees,  J.  N. 
57-66,  Van  Arsdale,  N.  H.  67-74,  Vroom,  74-87,  Hageman.  H.  1887 — 

Clover  Hill,  Somerset  Co.  N.  J.  1834.  Schanck.  G.  C.  35-7,  Demarest, 
\Y.  38-40,  (Presbyt.  1840-62,)  Voorhees.  W.  B.  64-71,  Oliver,  71-84, 
Bogert,  N.  J.  M.  84-96,  Ackerman,  E.  G.  97-9,  Bruce,  P.  1900 — . 

Clymer,  Chautauqua  Co.  N.  Y.  1869,  (called  the  Abbe  Church,  in  honor 
of  Mrs.  L.  M.  Abbe,  of  Albany,  who  gave  $1800  to  the  church,) 
Westveer,  71-3,  Jongeneel,  73-6,  Te  Winkle,  Feb.-Aug.  76.  Warn- 
shuis,  J.  W.  76-8,  Renskers,  78-80.  De  Bey,  D.  J.  82-7,  Hoffman,  J. 
87-93,  Hospers,  H.  93-7,  Ossewaarde,  M.  [897 — 

Clymer  Hill,  Chautauqua  Co.  N.  Y.  1853.  (Organized  as  a  Congrega- 
tional church,  1847.  Hesselink.  Adolph,  1847-50,  Dunnewold,  1851-3, 
when  pastor  and  people  joined  Refd.  Ch.)  Dunnewold,  53-68,  Rens- 
kers, 68-80,  Van  Doren,  M.  81-9,  Bahler.  P.  G.  M.  1889—. 

CoBLESKii.L,  Schoharie  Co.  N.  Y.  1825.  Evans,  W.,  Miss,  to,  26,  Ray- 
mond,  29-32,  Quaw,  34-6,  Lockhead,  39-44,  Spaulding,  46-9.  Hall,  D.  B. 
53-5.  vacant,  occasionally  supplied.  55-85.  Fagg,  85-7.  Blekkink.  88-94, 
Maar,  94-5,  Rockefeller,  95-6,  Smith,  H.  98-1900. 

Cockburn,  1838.  see  Plattekill,  N.  Y. 

Coeymans,  Albany  Co..  N.  Y.  1793.  Sickles,  1796-1800.  Overbagh.  1805-6, 
Westervelt  R.   1808-16,  Kissam,   18-29,  Van  Santvoord.  S.  29-30,  Fort, 


THE   CHURCHES.  955 

30-1,  Amerman,  T.  A.  31-2,  Edwards,  34,  Murphy,  42-3,  Kissam,  43-5, 
Cornell,  J.  A.  H.  45-8,  Peltz,  48-51,  Davies,  52-5,  Gardiner,  H.  B. 
56-60,  Collier,  I.  60-6,  Bahler,  L.  H.  67-9,  Mead,  E.  70-2,  Cornell,  J. 
A.   H.  73-9,   Craig,  80-90,   Burrowes,   1891 — 

Co  hoes,  Albany  Co.  N.  Y.  1837.  Lockhead,  38-9,  Van  Buren,  J.  40-1, 
Meyer,  41-6,  Gray,  J.  47-8,  Waldron,  49-79,  Strong,  J.  P.  78-90,  Walser, 
1891— . 

Cohoes,  see  Boght  and  Rensselaer,  N.  Y. 

Cold  Spring,  Putnam  Co.  N.  Y.  1855.  Harris,  56-7,  Laremore,  (S.S.) 
60,  Romondt,  (S.S.)  62,  Phraner,  63-6,  Sherwood,  (S.S.)  67-...  Van- 
deventer,  J.  C.  73-5,  Shaw,  W.  A.  ('S.S.)  78-9,  supplied  by  students, 
79-82.  Gowen,  83-5,  Wilson,  F.  F.  86-7,  Runk,  88-94,  Shook,  95-6, 
Allen,  H.  B.  97,  Vanderburg,  98.  Mclntyre.  99-1901. 

College  Point,  see  N.  Y.  C.  borough  of  Queens. 

Colony,  Columbia  Memorial,  UKlahoma,  1898.     Roe,  W.  C.  1900 — 

Colt's  Neck,  Monmouth  Co..  N.  Y.  1856.  Wyckoff,  J.  S.  56-64,  Bolton, 
65-78,  Hendrickson,  78-82,  Labaw,  83-9,  Cunningham,  90-1901,  Van 
Beverhoudt,    1901 — 

Columbia,  Herkimer  Co.  N.  Y.  1798. 

Columbia,  Herkimer  Co.  N.  Y.  1822.  Rawls  22-3,  Ketchum.  Miss,  to, 
26-7,  Hangen,  30-2,  Noe,  (S.'S.)  35,  De  Voe,  36-9,  Ackerson,  41-2, 
Starks,  42-3,  Hall,  D.  B.  (S.S.)  44-8,  Murphy,  53-4,  James,  54-5, 
Hammond,  E.  S.  56-8,  Aurand,  60-3,  Compton,  71-6,  Stanbrough 
(S.S.)  76-81,  Wessels,  82-4,  Beekman,  T.  A.  85-7,  Compton,  88-91, 
Shelland,  85-7,  Lehman,  1899— 

Columbiaville    (Station,)    Garretson,   J.,    Miss,   to,    1826-7. 

Comforter,  Church  of,  1894,  see  N.  Y.  C,  borough  of  Bronx. 

Conesville,  (See  Schoharie  Kill.)    1838.      Bogardus,  C.  38-4^,  Kerr,  45-6. 

Conewago     Erroneously  for  Caughnawaga.     M.G.S.  i.  45,  114,  etc. 

Conewago,  at  first  in  York,  now  in  Adams  Co.  Pa.  1768.  See  Hanover 
and  Susquehanna,  Pa.  This  church  stood  about  one  mile  east  of 
Huntertown,  the  latter  being  about  5  miles  N.  E.  of  Gettysburgh. 
The  church  building  was  subsequently  removed  about  one  mile  south 
of  Huntertown,  on  a  spot  now  known  as  Black's  Grave  Yard.  The 
church  belonged  to  the  Classis  of  New  Brunswick. 

Its  Baptismal  Book  shows  that  it  was  supplied,  occasionally,  by  Rev. 
J.  M.  Van  Havlingen,  1769,  1772,  by  Rev.  J.  R.  Hardenberg,  1770,  and 
by  Rev.  John  Leydt,  1771.  It  is  probable  that  some  of  the  German  Re- 
formed ministers  also,  especially  Boehme,  C.  L.  and  Gobrecht,  who  were 
pastors  at  Hanover,  served  this  church  occasionally.  Pastors :  Cozine, 
Cor.  1772-88,  Brinkerhoff,  G.  G.  Nov.  1789-Nov.  1793;  Gray,  A.  Miss,  to, 


g56  THE   CHURCHES. 

1793;  Cornelison,  Miss,  to,  1794;  [Black,  John,  (Presby't)  S.  S.  1794-1800, 
merged  in  Presbyt.  Ch.   Hunterstown,   Pa.] 

About  1765  Dutch  colonists  from  New  Jersey  began  to  pour  into  York 
and  Adams  Counties,  in  the  southern  borders  of  Pennsylvania  and  west 
of  the  Susquehanna.  These  soon  organized  the  Conewago  and  Hanover 
congregations  in  these  respective  counties.  The  church  of  Conewago  was 
located  about  three  miles  south  of  Gettysburg,  and  near  the  famous  bat- 
tleground of  1863.  It  consisted  of  about  150  families  and  700  souls. 
From  its  baptismal  records,  yet  preserved,  extending  from  1768- 1793,  it 
appears  that  the  Cossats  and  Montforts  of  Millstone  [or  Harlinger]  N.  J., 
and  the  Bantas  and  Westervelts  of  Bergen  Co.  N.  J.,  were  among  the 
earliest  settlers.  Other  Dutch  names,  such  as  Bruner,  Covert,  Van  Nuys, 
Schomp,  Demarest,  Bremer,  DeMott,  Bergen,  Smock,  Van  Arsdale  and 
others  occur  in  these  records.  The  first  Conewago  deed  for  land,  is  to  a 
Van  Arsdale,  and  is  dated  1768.  The  Demarests  came  from  Bergen  Co. 
in  1771.  But  about  1781  emigration  began  from  this  field  to  Kentucky  and 
the  Genesee  country,  N.  Y.,  and  continued  until  these  Dutch  settlements 
and  churches  were  entirely  broken  up.  In  1793,  during  Brinckerhoff's 
ministry  almost  the  whole  congregation  moved  away  to  these  two  new 
fields.  Those  going  to  Central  New  York  were  the  Brinckerhoffs,  Jan- 
sens,  [or  Johnsons].  Bodincs,  Van  Tines,  Daters,  Parcelles,  Lysters.  See 
Owasco  Outlet. 

By  1800  Conewago  was  so  depleted  as  to  furnish  but  a  very  small  con- 
gregation for  Sunday  services.  In  1817  only  five  Dutch  families  remained. 
Permission  was  then  obtained  to  sell  the  old  church  building,  and  with  the 
proceeds  build  a  wall  around  the  burial  ground.  The  sum  realized  was 
$288.20. 

There  had  been  Presbyterian  churches  in  this  vicinity  from  1740,  under 
the  names  of  Upper  and  Lower  Marsh  Creek,  and  later,  under  the  name 
of  Gettysburg.  (See  Hist.  Discourse  on  the  Gettysburg  Prebyt.  Ch.,  by 
Rev.  J.  K.  Demarest,  1876.)  Rev.  John  Black,  pastor  of  this  church, 
1775-94,  was  compelled  to  leave  because  of  his  sentiments  on  temperance, 
which  would  be  considered  mild  at  the  present  day.  From  1794-1800, 
h'    supplied  the  remnant  left  in  the  Dutch  church.     He  died  in  1802. 

The  church  of  Conewago,  as  said,  belonged  to  the  Classis  of  New 
Brunswick  but  the  first  Volume  of  Minutes  of  this  Classis,  1771-1811,  was 
destroyed  by  fire,  it  is  said,  about  1840.  But  see  Scomp's  Hist.  Discourse 
on  "The  Old  Mud  Meeting  House,   EC3       i'KK).  for  much  of  this  material. 

Besides  Demarest's  Hist,  above  alluded  to,  Demarest  subsequently  ob- 
tained much  additional  material  about  this  Conewago  Dutch  Church, 
which  he  published  in  'The  Star  and  Sentinel,"  of  Gettysburg  in  1884. 
See  also  "The  Family  of  Joris  Dircksen  Brinckerhoff,"  1887,  for  an  in- 
teresting chapter  on  this  Conewago  colony.     Also  Ch.  Int.  Jan.  28,  i860. 

Conradstown,  1798,  see  Canada. 

Constantine,   St.   Joseph  Co.   Mich.    1843.     Bennet,  43-5,   McNeish,   46-9, 
Jones,  D.   A.  50-2,   McNeish,  52-4,  Bailey,   56-63,  Beardslee,   1864-84. 


THE   CHURCHES.  957 

Smitz,  B.  84-8,  Gamble,  S.  D.  (S.S.)  90-1,  Baker,  F.  P.  91-3,  DeSpeld- 
er,  94-5,  Gulick,  J.   I.  95-8,  Kelder,   1899 — 

Coonnoor,  1858,  see  India. 

Coopersville,  (formerly  Polkton  and  Eastmanville),  Ottawa  Co.  Mich. 
1834.  Vandermeulen,  J.  C.  63-4.  Huyssoon,  65-9,  Buursma,  69-73, 
Kiekentveldt,  73-6,  Brock,  D.  77-80,  Borgers,  H.  81-3,  Karsten,  86-9, 
Boer,  H.  K.  90-2,  Bruins,  W.  H.  93-9,  Vander  Ploeg,  H.   1900 — 

Copperas,  now  Brunswick. 

Cordell,  Oklahoma,   1901. 

Courtlandtown,  Montrose,  Westchester  Co.  N.  Y.  1729.  Ritzema  sup- 
plied 1744-76,  church  burned;  Van  Voorhees,  S.  1785-8,  organized 
anew,  1793;  Manley.  W.  1800-6;  Hoffman,  A.  1810-30,  Kirkwood, 
33-6,  Westbrook,  36-50,  Lockwood,  50-2,  Steele,  J.  B.  53-7,  St.  John, 
(S.S.)  58-65,  Anderson,  W.  H.  65-6,  Van  Wyck,  P.  67-8,  Garretson, 
J.  69-72,  Thompson,  J.  B.  73-4,  Harper,  75-91,  Bogardus,  F.  M.  90-5, 
Smith,  H.  96-8,  Force,  F.  A.  1899— 

Coshington,  Delaware  Co.  N.  Y.  1794.  See  Middletown  and  Paghkaghtan. 
Mints.   Gen.  Syn.   i.  448. 

Coytesville  see  Palisades,  N.  J. 

Coxsackie,  Green  Co.  N.  Y.  1732.  Weiss  1732-5,  Schuneman,  1753-94, 
Sickles,  1797-1801,  Ostrander,  H.  1801-10,  Livingston,  G.  R.  11-26, 
Searle,  J.  (Sr.)  26-51,  Peltz.  51-7,  Dutcher.  57-8,  Hastings,  60 — 70, 
Hansen,  71-81,  Staats,  B.  B.  82-9  Hageman,  P.  K.  90-4,  Winant,  94-7, 
Hill,  E.  97-1901.     See  Hill's  Hist,   of,    1901. 

Coxsackie  2d,  1833.  Cahoone,  34-46,  Van  Cleef,  P.  D.  46-9,  Wood- 
bridge,  50-2,  Steele,  J.  53-8,  Zabriskie,  F.  N.  59-63,  McKelvey,  A. 
65-6,  Collier,  E.  W.  66-7,  Munn,  68-77,  Lansing,  J.  A.  (S.  S.)  77, 
Salisbury,  J.  H.  78-87,  Barnum,  87-1000,  Clifton,  1900 — . 

Cranesville,  N.  Y.  1879.  Minor,  J.  79-80,  vacant,  80-8,  Kyle,  J.  R.  88-91, 
vacant,  but  supplied  by  Blekkink,  94-5,  by  Wilson,  P.  Q.  96-7,  vacant, 
1897-. 

Cromwell  Center,  Clay  Co.  la.  1894.  Missy,  1895-6,  Classical  missionary, 
1896—. 

Cuddebackville,  (Peenpack,)  Orange  Co.  N.  Y.  1854.  Morris,  H.  55-62, 
Winter,  63-6,  Zabriskie,  Jer.  L.  66-70,  Bogardus,  W.  E.  70-4,  DuBois, 
J.  74-80,  Hageman,  H.  82-7,  Lane  G.  88-92,  Corwin,  C.  E.  95-7,  Hieber, 
97-9- 

Currytown,  (Root,)  Montgomery  Co.  N.  Y.  1796.  Hasbrouck,  J.  R.  H. 
1826-30,  Hangen,  30-2,  Heermance,  Har.  37-40,  Frazee,  40-3,  Carle, 
48-51,  Buckelew,  52-5,  Quick,  J.  J.  55-61,  Compton,  (S.S.)  64-8,  Van 
Doren,  D.  K.  69-73,  Ackerman,  73-9,  Compton,  J.  M.  79-82,  Minor,  J. 
82-5,  Wyckoff,  G.  86-7,  Sangree,  88-93,  Beekman,  P.  S.  93-1901.  See 
Ch.  Int.  Feb.  9,  1854. 


958  THE   CHURCHES. 

Dakota  1st,  1880,  see  Harrison,  S.  D. 

Dallas.  Texas,  see  Fort  Sill,  Okla. 

Dankokth,  Iroquois  Co.  111.  1869.  Duiker,  72-4,  Meulendyke,  79-82, 
kriekaard,  C.  84-8,  Vennema,  (S.  S.)  89-92,  Siegers,  93-7,  Heines, 
98-1900,  Oosterhof,  A.  1900 — 

Danube,  same  as  Indian  Castle.       See  also  Fort  Plain. 

Danube,  Seceder,  Herkimer  Co.  N.  Y.  1S23.     Goetschius,  S.  Z.  1823-4. 

Danville,  Allegheny  Co.   N.  Y.  1797.     Gray,  A.   1797-1819. 

Dashville  Falls,  Rifton  Glen,  Ulster  Co.  N.  Y.  1831.  Quaw,  31-4,  Mar- 
kle,  62-4,  Liebeneau,  67-8,  Deyo,  70-3,  Todd,  W.  N.  74-8i,  Milliken, 
P.  E.  84-6,  vacant,  86-91,  Jones,  H.  T.  91-3,  vacant,  1893— 

Davenport,  Scott  Co.  Iowa,  1859.  Drury,  Miss,  to,  1861-2,  Vanderveer, 
C.  G.  1860-6,  Vroom,  W.  H.  1867-9,  Peeke,  G.  H.  1869-72,  Decker, 
1872-6. 

Davis,  1894,  see  Bethel,  S.  D. 

Davis,  Turner  Co.   S.   D.    1892.     Schoon,  90-3,  Teichrieb,  94-6,   Koerlin, 

1897- 
Day.  Saratoga  Co.  N.  Y.  1842.     Lansing,  J.  A.   (S.S.)   45-8,  Voorhees,  J. 

N.   (S.S.)  48-9,  James,  50-2,  Case,  1855-7.     Same  as  Sacondaga. 

Deckertown,  1788,  see  Clove,  N.  J. 

Deekpark,  1737,  see  Port  Jervis,  N.  Y. 

DeFreestville,  see  Blooming  Grove,   N.  Y. 

Delaware,   Davis    (Lennox   3d)    Turner    Co.    S.   D.    1889,    Schoon,   90-3, 

Teichrieb,  94-6,  Koerlin,  1897 — 
Delaware  River   Missions,    1700.     Kuypers,   W.    P.   1792-3,   Ames,   1814. 
Delmar,  see  Bethlehem,  2nd  N.  Y. 

De  Motte,  Jasper  Co.  Ind.   1894.     Vanden  Bosch,  T.  M.   1898 — 
De  Spelder,   1881,  see  Britton,   Mich. 

Detroit,  Mich.  1875.  Boer,  Miss,  at,  74-6,  Kiekentveldt,  76-8.  vacant. 
78-82,  Niemeyer,  G.  82-4,  Dangremond,  G.  84-5,  vacant,  85-8,  Broek, 
1).  88-9_»,   Kremer,   1892 — 

Dilman  Station  1850,  see  Bethlehem,  Wis. 

Dingman's  Ferry.  like  Co.  Pa.     See  Walpack,  Upper. 

Dispatch,  see  Rotterdam,  Kan. 

Dorlach,  Schoharie  Co.  N.  Y.  1771.     See  Sharon. 

Douglas  Co.  Dakota  Territory,  1880.     See  Harrison. 

Dover,  Dutchess  Co.   X.  Y.  1769.     Supplied  by  Rysdyck  and  the  ministers 


THE    CHURCHES.  959 

of  Hopewell.     Van  Voorhees,  supplied,   1774.     On  Nov.  21,   1774,  the 
Consistory  of  N.  Y.  C.  sent  them  a  present  of  a  lot  of  hymn  books. 

Drenthe,  (Vriesland,)  Ottawa  Co.  Mich.  1851.  Smit  51-3,  Pieters,  61-5, 
Huyssoon,  65-6,  Moerdyk,  W.  69-72,  Vanderveen,  75-9. 
This  church  was  united  with  Vriesland,  1847-8.  Separated  1849; 
included  in  the  general  work  of  R.  C.  A.  1850.  Smit,  pastor,  1851-3, 
when  he  seceded  with  a  part  of  the  congregation.  Church  vacant, 
1853-61.     Again,  informally  withdrew,  1882. 

Duanesborough,  Schenectady  Co.  N.  Y.   1824. 
Duanesburg,  Schenectady  Co.  N.  Y.   1799. 
DuMond,  see  Zoar,   la. 
DuMont,  see  Schraalenberg,  N.  J. 

Dunkirk,  Chautauqua  Co.  N.  Y.  1867.  Vacant,  67-76,  Boer,  H.  K.  76-9, 
Van  Doom,  M..  80-1,  vacant  81-8,  name  dropped. 

Durham,  Oak  Hall,  Green  Co.  N.  Y.  1787.  Van  Vlierden,  1792-4,  Labagh, 
P.  1798-1809,  Schermerhorn,  C.  D.  1809-18,  supplied  by  Fort,  A.,  Van 
Zandt.  P.,  Bassett,  Paige,  1818-24,  Ostrander,  S.  24-31,  Stryker,  P. 
3  months  in  1832.     See  Reeves'  Hist,  of  Green  Co.  N.  Y.  278. 

Dyse's  Manor,  same  as  Prattsville,  Windham. 

East  Camp,  1710.  (See  Camp  and  West  Camp.)  Known  also  as  Kings- 
bury, Kingsberry,  and  sometimes  erroneously  written  Kingsberg.  No 
church  was  formally  established  at  East  Camp,  probably,  before  1727. 
Haeger  tried  to  get  a  church  for  Episcopal  services  in  1715,  but 
without  success.  (See  Haeger,  J.  F.)  The  Lutherans  probably 
crossed  over  to  West  Camp  to  worship.  Pastors :  Haeger,  J.  F. 
1710-21,  Falckner,  Justus,  1720-3,  Falckner,  Daniel,  1724 — .  Berck- 
enmeyer,  W.  C.  1721-9,  Oehl,  1722-4.  See  Linlithyo  and  German- 
town.     Doc.    Hist.   N.   Y.    iii.   382-392,   598. 

East  Greenbush,  see  Greenbush,  N.  Y. 

East  Indies,  see  India. 

East  Little  Rock,  see  Salem,   la. 

Eastmanville,   Mich.     See  Polkton. 

East-Millstone,  Somerset  Co.  N.  J.  1855.  Vander  Wall,  56-8,  Cole,  D. 
58-63,  Berger,  63-6,Phraner,  66-70,  McWilliam,  70-90,  Strong,  J.  P. 
Oct.-Dec.  90,  Peeke,  A.  P.  91-1900,  Lockwood,  H.  1901 —  See  Cole's 
Decennial   Sermon ;    Peek's   Ser.  at  40th  Anniversary  of  ch. 

East  New  York,  1840,  see  N.  Y.  C.  Borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Easton,  Washington  Co.  N.  Y.  1803.  Duryee,  P.  H.  1802-20,  Fonda,  J. 
D.  20-30,  Pitcher,  J.  H.  33-8,  Bronson,  A.  38-9,  Newton,  (S.  S.) 
44,  Jones,  D.  A.  44-8,  Morris,  50-5,  Cochran,  63-9,  Meyers,  A.  H. 
72-5,  supplied  by  neighboring  pastors  and  students,  75-94, '  Shaul, 
95-8,  Allen,  H.  B.,    June-Oct.  98,  Miller,   S.  D.  99-1901,  Black,  1901— 


960  THE   CHURCHES. 

Eastox,  Northampton  Co.  Pa.  1851.  Knox.  J.  H.  M.  51-3,  Edgar,  53-82. 
Blauvelt,  G.  M.  S.  82-90.  Lee,  90-3.     Became  Presbyterian. 

East  Orange,  1875,  see  Orange,  N.  J.. 

East  Orange,  1877,  see  Alton,  la. 

East    Oversiel,    Bentheim,    Oakland,    Allegan    Co.    Mich.    1872.     Vacant, 

72-96,   Wolvius,  96-8,  Poppen,   1898 — . 
East  Palatine,  N.  Y.  1890.     Thomson,  J.  A.  91-4. 
East  Saugatuck,  1869,  see  Fynaart.  Mich. 
East  Williamsburg,  1855.  see  N.  Y.  C.  borough  of  Brooklyn. 

East-Williamson,  Wayne  Co.  N.  Y.  1870.  [This  ch.  was  org.  as  a 
Presbyt.  ch.,  by  the  Presbytery  of  Steuben,  N.  Y.  Jan.  19,  1847. 
Pastors.  John  DeVisser,  an  elder  ord.  and  installed  Ap.  28.  47-8,  d. 
Veenhuizen,  Nov.  53-4,  Nov.,  supply;  pastor,  54-62,  when  pastor  and 
people  united  with  Ref.  Ch.  of  Pultneyville.  This  union  and  pastor- 
ship continued  till  Ap.  1870,  when  East-Williamson  separated  as  a 
Ref.  Ch.]  Veenhuizen  70-81,  TeWinkle,  81-7,  Hospers,  87-92, 
Ossewaarde,    M.    93-7,   Dangremond,  G.  C.   1898 — . 

1.  Ebenezer,  1867,  see  Holland,  Mich. 

2.  Ebenezer,    (Paines    Point   and   White   Rock),    Oregon,    Ogle    Co.    111. 

1869.     Vacant  69-74,  Waternmelder,  L.  74-86,  Elliker,  87-96,  Diekhoff, 
1897- 

3.  Ebenezer,  Leighton.  Mahaska  Co.  la.   1889.    Gessman,  91-4,  Van  dcr 

Kam,  94-6,  Tysse.  1896 — 

4.  Ebenezer,  Scotland,  Bonhomme  Co.  S.  D.  1893.  Classical  Mission- 
ary, 93-7.  De  Witz,   C.  J.  97-1901. 

5.  Ebenezer,  Morrison,  Whiteside  Co.  111.  1896.     Vacant.  96-8,  Te  Groot- 

enhuis,   J.    1898 — 

Eden,   Fon   du  lac  Co.   Wis.    1859.     Kershow,   1865-7. 
Edgewood.  N.  Y.  1800.     See  N.  Y.  C,  Borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Elim,  White  Rock  Centre,  Kings.  Ogle  Co.  111.  1892.  Haken,  93-6, 
Schaefer,  J.  1897 — 

Ellenville,  Ulster  Co.  N.  Y.  1840.  Ayres,  41  54-  Bentley,  55-81,  Hutchins, 
J.  82-7,  Hendrickson.  87-95,  Berg,   H.   C.   1895— 

Ellenville  2d,   1855.     Pfister,  1856-62. 

Elmsford.   1850,  see  Greenburgh,  N.  Y. 

Eminence,  Summit,  Schoharie  Co.  N.  Y.  1824.  Vacant,  24-33.  See, 
Wm.  G.  E.,  33-9,  vacant,  40-89,  Phelps,  P.  (S.S.)  89-92.  occasional 
supplies  during  vacancies. 

Emmanul,  (Belmond,  Palsville).  Wright  Co.  la.  1884.  Janssen,  R. 
85-94,  DeBeer,  J.  95-7,  Reeverts,  1897 — 


THE    CHURCHES.  961 

Emmanuel,  1852,  see  Castleton,  N.  Y. 

Englewood,   1886,  see  Chicago,  111. 

English  Neighborhood,  Ridgefield,  Bergen  Co.  N.  J.  1770.  Lydekker, 
1770-6,  Cornelison,  1793-1806,  Polhemus,  H.  1809-13.  Demarest,  C.  T. 
13-24,  Abeel.  G.  24-8,  Duryee,  P.  29-48.  McFarland.  48-55,  Taylor,  A. 

B.  55-92,  Martyn,  F.  93-5,  Roop.   1806—. 

English  Neighborhood,  Secession,  1823.  Brinkerhoff,  J.  G.  1824,  Demarest, 

C.  T.  1824-51.  Blauvelt,  C.  J.  1852-60.     Now  Leonia,  N.  J. 

Ephratah,  Fulton  Co.  N.  Y.  1831.  Morris.  J..  Miss,  to,  27-9.  Ketchum, 
Miss,  to,  32-6.  Westfall,  B.  B.  37-44,  Jukes.  44-50.  Van  Liew,  J.  C. 
50-6,  Smith,  W.  H.  65-8,  Compton,  68-9,  Van  Benschoten.  72-9,  Stan- 
brough,  81-4,  Whitney,  85-8,  vacant,  88-93,  Wilson.  P.  Q.  93-5,  Pal- 
mer, C.  L.  96-9. 

Ernest-town,    1798.   see   Canada. 

Esopus,  now  Kingston. 

Esopus,  Klein  Esopus,  Ulster  Park,  Ulster  Co.  N.  Y.  1791.  Smith,  T.  G. 
1 799- 1808,  Hasbrouck,  J.  R.  H.  1809-13,  Van  Hook,  Miss,  to,  22,  Van 
Keuren,  25-36,  Fort,  36-53.  Taylor,  W.  53-4,  McFarlane,  55-61, 
Myers,  A.  H.  (S.S.)  62-5,  Garretson,  J.  65-6,  Voorhis,  J.  N.  67-80, 
Staats.  J.  A.  (S.S.)  81,  Hull,  82-5,  Van  Doren.  J.  86-92,  Lyman- 
Wheatpn,  92,  5,  Cole.  S.  T.  96-9,  Harris,  D.  T.  1899—. 

Evergreen,  or  Ridgewood,  see  N.  Y.  C.  Borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Fairfield,  (Horseneck  or  Gansegat,)  Essex  Co.  N.  J.  1720.  Supplied  by 
the  neighboring  pastors,  1720-60,  Blauw,  ( Conference,)  supplied, 
1762-8,  Meyer,  H.  1772-85,  Leydt,  M.  1779-80,  supplied  by  Duryee,  John 
1801-17.  Neal,  17-22,  Stryker,  H.  B.  23-7,  Ogilvie.  27-32,  Raymond, 
33-5,  Bronson.  36-8,  Wilson,  Jos.  38-45,  Quick.  J.  J.  45-9,  Wilson.  Jos. 
49-73,  Sebring,  73-7,  supplied  by  Smith,  Mortimer.  Ap.-Oct.  77,  Pock- 
man,  78-80.  Owens,  81-4,  Miller,  B.  C.  85-6.  Lockwood.  L.  86-9,  Bogar- 
dus.  W.  E.  90-2,  Conklin,  J.  W.  (S.  S.)  93-5-  Peeke.  G.  H.  (S.  S.) 
95-6,  Mohn,  O.  L.  F.  1896- 1902.  See  Berry's  Hist  of  Presb.  Ch.  of 
Caldwell.  N.  J.  1871. 

Fair  Haven,  (Woolcot,)  Cayuga  Co.  N.  Y.  1847.  Knight,  R.  W.  49-52, 
Muller,  54-7,  Gates,  C.  57-9,  Watson,  T.  G.  62-4.  Bantholf,  64-8, 
Southard,  69-81. 

Fairview,  Fulton  Co.  111.  1837.  Wilson,  A.  D.  (S.S.)  38-41,  pastor, 
41-56,  Anderson,  Wm.  56-9,  Joralmon,  60-85,  Huyser.  85-8,  Van  Doren, 
W.  H.  88-93,  Streng,  94-7,  Gulick,  Jac.  98-9,  Watermuelder,  G.  1902— 

Fairville,  1798.     See  Arcadia,  N.  Y. 

Fallsburgh,  (Neversink,  Woodbourne.)  Sullivan  Co.  N.  Y.  1802.  Re- 
organized     1827,  Boyd,  J.  H.,  Miss,  to,  27-8,  Gray,  J.  33-5,  Eggleston, 


g62  THE    CHURCHES. 

36-7,  Duryee,  I.  G.  46-51,  Eltinge,  C.  D.  51-2,  Searle,  J.  53-6i,  Con- 
nitt,  62-5,  Brown,  W.  S.  67-88,  Statesir,  1889— 

Falmouth,  Missauke  Co.   Mich.   1892.     Vennema,  S.,  92-8. 

Farmer  Village,  Seneca  Co.  N.  Y.  1830.  Gregory,  O.  H.  31-8,  Bassler, 
40-65,  Brush,  W.  W.  66-8,  Zabriskie,  A.  68-9,  Forsyth,  Jas.  C.  70-5. 
Furbeck,  P.  1875-81,  Nasholds,  82-7,  Palmer,  F.  W.  87-93,  Van  Ars- 
dale.  E.  B.  1893— 

Farowe,  1885,  see  South  Blendon,  Mich. 

Fawns,   1850,  see  Blue  Mountain,  N.  Y. 

Fayette,  Seneca  Co.  N.  Y.  1817.  Vanderveer,  J.,  Miss,  to,  1823,  Morris, 
J.,  Miss,  to,  1824-5. 

Ferns,  see  Parkersburg,  la. 

Ferrysburg,  Ottawa  Co.  Mich.  1877. 

Feura  Bush,  now  Jerusalem. 

Firth,  Lancaster  Co.  N.  Y.  1890.  Vacant.  90-4,  Dragt,  94-6,  Stegeman, 
Wm.   96-9. 

Fishkill,  Dutchess  Co.  N.  Y.  1716.  Van  Driessen,  supplied  occasionally. 
1727-31,  Van  Schie,  1 731-3.  Meinema,  1745-55,  or  58.  Van  Nist. 
1758-61.  Schoonmaker,  H.  1763-74,  Rysdyck,  1772-89,  (1772,  Eng.  and 
Dutch  began  to  be  used  alternately,)  Froeligh,  S.-  also  supplied, 
1776-80,  Blauvelt,  I.  1783-90,  Van  Vranken.  N.  1791-1804,  Wetsbrook, 
1806-30,  Fisher.  G.  H.  30-5,  Kip,  F.  L.  36-70,  Kipp,  P.  E.  70-4,  Ander- 
son, A.  75-80,  Thomas,  M.  B.  80-7,  Dickhaut,  B.  E.  88-96,  Huizinga, 
A.  H  1896— 
Amst.  Cor.;  Doc.  Hist.  iii.  589.     Smith's  N.  Y.  509.     Kip's  Hist.  Disc. 

Brinkerhoff,   T.V.M.,  Hist,   of  Fishkill,   1877. 

Fishkill-on-the-Hudson,  1822.  Heyer,  23-51,  Quackenbush,  51-5-  Suy- 
dam.  57-62,  Kimball,  63-5,  Berger,  66-9,  Berry,  J.  R.  69-70,  Fntts, 
70-99,   McCulIom,    1900 —     . 

Fiskill-on-the-Hudson   Chapel   Denniston.    1866-8. 

Flatbush,  N.  Y.  1654,  see  N.  Y.  C.  borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Flatbush  Mission,  1871.  see  N.  Y.  C.  borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Flatbush,  2nd   1847  see   N.   Y.   C.  borough   of  Brooklyn. 

FLATBUSH,  Glascoe,   Ulster  Co.   N.   Y.    1807.     Overbaugh.    1809-41.   Brod- 

head,  37-41,   Demarest,  D.   D.   41-3,  Watson,  J.  44-7.   Hulbert.  48-52, 

Gosman,  54-9,  Minor,  59-64.  Merritt,  65-73,  Anderson,  A.  73-5.  Dem- 

,  J.   S.  N.  76-81,  Zabriskie,   A.  A.  81-6,  Van   Neste,  G.  J.  86-9, 

Dewitt,  R.  89-1901.  Beekman.  P.   S.   1901— . 

Flatlands,   1654,  see  N.  Y.  C.  borough  of  Brooklyn. 
Flats,    now   Rhinebcck. 


THE   CHURCHES.  963 

Flats.     (Burnetsfield.    German    Flats,    Great    Flats    or    Fort    Herkimer,) 
Herkimer  Co.  N.  Y.  1725.     Rosncrantz,  17.. -67,  Rosecrantz,  A.  1767- 
94.    Pick.   D.   C.   A.    1788-1802,   Spinner,    1802-48,   see   Fort  Herkimer. 
"Great  Flats"  was  a  name  given  to  the  Flats  along  the  Mohawk,  ex- 
tending from  Schenectady  to  Utica. 
Flats,  Seceder,    1825.     Palmer,    1825-9. 

Florida,  (Chukonot,  Remsen  Bush,  Minaville.)  Montgomery  Co.  N.  Y. 
1784.  Romeyn,  T.,  1800-6,  Paige,  1808-20,  Rouse,  22-8,  Stevenson, 
29-54,  Clancy,  55-60,  Krum,  61-5,  Lane,  66-73,  Pearse,  R.  A.  1873 —     . 

Flushing,  N.  Y.  1842,  see  N.  Y.  C    borough  of  Queens. 

P^onda,  (Caughnawaga.)  Montgomery  Co.  N.  Y.  1758.  (The  name  is 
often  carelessly  written  Conewago  in  the  early  minutes;  not  to  be 
confounded  with  Conewago,  which  is  in  Pa.  The  ancient  Caugh- 
nawaga included  Amsterdam,  Johnstown,  New-Broadalbin,  and 
May-field.  Doc.  Hist.  iii.  673-4,  683,  Col.  Hist.  iii.  250.)  Romeyn, 
Thos.  1772-94.  Van  Home,  A.  179S-1833,  Quinn,  1833-5,  Fonda,  J. 
D.  1835-42,  Van  Olinda,  1844-58,  Furbeck,  1859-62,  Boyd,  J.  C.  1865- 
70,  Jones,  T.  W.  1870-82,  De  Baun,  J.  A.  82-1900,  Boyd.  J.  C.  (S.S.) 
1900-1,  Caton,  1901 — 

Fonda's  Bush,  (New  Harlem,  Broadalbin,)  Fulton  Co.  N.  Y.  1795.  Ten 
Eyck,  C.  1799-1812,  Palmer,  1818-20,  Van  Vechten,  S..  Miss,  to,  1823, 
Presbyt.  1823. 

Fordham,  1696.      See  New  York  City,  borough  of  Bronx. 

Ford's   Bush.     (Station.)     Morris,  J.,   Miss.  to.    1829. 

Forest  Grove,  1869,  see  Jamestown  1st  Mich. 

Forreston,  Ogle  Co.  111.  1862.  Karston.  65-7,  DeBeer,  67-70,  Reichart, 
71-2,  Schlieder,  72-80,  Blaetgen,  80-5,  Watermuelder,  L.  85-6,  Niehoff, 
86-8,  Schmidt,  H.  T.  89-93,  Watermuelder,  L.  93-9,  Veenker,  1899—. 

Fort   Carbon,   Pa.      (Station.)      DuMont,  Miss,   to,   1829-30. 

Fort  Herkimer,  Montgomery  Co.  N.  Y.  1852.  (This  church  may  be 
considered  the  continuation  of  the  church  of  German  Flats,  or  Flatts, 
which  see.)  Stark,  (S.  S.)  52-7,  vacant,  57-61,  Stark,  61-3,  Petrie, 
(S.  S.)  64-5,  Quick,  J.  J.  -57-8,  Consaul.  68-72,  Hoffman,  73,  Johns, 
73-5,  no  settled  pastor,  but  supplies,  75-88,  Lord,  Daniel,  preaching  in 
the  summer  months  for  seven  years — about  80-7,  Minor,  A.  D. 
88-95,  Meeker,  (S.  S.)  1895—.  See  Johns'  Hist..  Disc.  1875.  Cox's 
Herkimer. 

Fort  Lee,  Bergen  Co.  N.  J.  1875.  Vacant  75-83,  name  dropped.  See  Pal- 
isades, N.  J. 

Fort  Miller,  Washington  Co.  N.  Y.  (See  Argyle)  1817.  Johnston, 
I.   Y.    17-23,   Van   Hook,  23-4,   McKelvey,  John,   27,    Mair,    Miss,   to, 


964  THE   CHURCHES. 

29,  Thompson,  D.  R.  33.  Parry,  33-7.  Wood.  Joel,  40-5,  Stebbins, 
(S.  S.)  48,  Slauson,  (S.  S.)  48-50,  Cochran,  52,  Lansing,  A.  G.  67-8, 
Kellogg,  68-72,  Labaw,  73-4.  Ford.  75-7,  Cochran,  77-8,  VanDoren, 
D.  K.  78-82,  Chapman,  J.  W.  83-4,  McCullum,  85-90.  Hainer,  90-5, 
Davis,  L.  E.  96,  Luckenhill,  97-8,  Wiley,  E.  C.   1900 — . 

Fort  Plain,  Montgomery  Co.  N.  Y.  1831.  This  ch.  is  a  continuation  of 
Canajoharie,  1750.  Bogardus,  N.  34-5,  Burtiss.  35-6,  Pepper,  36-40, 
Van  Vechten,  S.  41-4,  McLean,  C.  G.  44-52,  Schenck,  M.  L.  53-7, 
Hall,  J.  G  58-64,  Consaul,  (<S.  S.)  64-5,  Whittaker,  W.  (Presbyt.) 
66-8,  Riggs,  70-6,  Rogers,  S.  J.  76-9,  Wortman,  80-3.  Demarest,  Jas. 
84-90,   McCullum,   90-1900,    Dougall,   A.    1000 — . 

Fort  Sill,  Oklahoma,  1901.    Apache  Mission. 

Frankfort,  Herkimer  Co.  N.  Y.  1830.  Snyder,  29-30,  Seeley,  31-5.  Mur- 
phy, 39-40,   Starks,  43-6,  Murphy,  54-6. 

Franklin,  Milwaukee  Co.   Wis.   1851.     Klyn,    1852-3. 

Franklin,  Nutley,  Essex  Co.  N.  J.  1855.  Talmage,  P.  S.  (S.  S.)  55-9, 
Lott,  59-65,  Ostrom,  (S.  S.)  66-8,  pastor,  68-9,  Quick,  A  M.  69-82, 
supplied.  82-5.  Skellinger,  85-6,  Mdler,  B.  C.  86-9.  Stuart,  1890—. 

Franklin  Furnace,  Sussex  Co.  N.  J.  1878.  Zabriskie,  A.  A.  79-81, 
Vaughn,  J.  81-3,  Garretson,  G  S.  85-91,  vacant.  91-4.  became  Pres- 
byterian. 

Franklin   Park,   1710,  see  Six  Mile  Run,  N.  J. 

Fredericktown,   1798,   see  Canada. 

Free  Grace,  Middleburg,  Sioux  Co.  la.  1885.  Zwemer,  A.  86-91,  Duiker, 
W.  J.  91-5,  Koster,  98-1900,  Fortuin,  1901 

Freehold  ist,  (Navasink,  Marlboro',)  Monmouth  Co.  NJ.  1699  (See 
Middletown  and  Holmdel,  NJ.)  Supplied  by  Lupardus,  Antonides, 
and  Freeman,  1699-1709.  Morgan,  1709-31,  Haeghoort,  1731-5,  Erick- 
zon,  1736-64,  Du  Bois,  B.  1764-1825,  Van  Vranken,  S.  A.  18-34,  Otter- 
son,  35-8,  Marcellus,  39-50,  Willis,  51-68,  Swain,  68-73,  Wells.  T.  W. 

73-87.  Bertholf,  J.  H.  88-92,  Van  Zee,  93-1900,  Martine,  1900 See 

"Dr.  T.  W.  Welles'  Hist,  of." 

Freehold  2D,  1842.  In  village  of  Freehold.  Ganse,  43-56.  Collier,  E.  W. 
56-66,  Van  Buren,  P.  called,  but  prevented  by  sickness  from  settling, 
67,  Van  Aken,  G.  67-70,  Hageman,  C.  S.  71-8,  Brokaw,  I.  P.  1879 

Fremont  Centre,  Newaygo  Co.  Mich.  1870.  Kiekentveld,  70-3,  Vander 
Ploeg,  77-8.  This  church  seceded  in  1883.  but  returned,  1884.  Meu- 
lendyk,   Josias,  85-90,   Hoekje,    1891 

Friesland,  Pine  Co.  Minn.  1896.     Te  Paske,  96-8,  Kots,  1899 

Fulton,  Whitesides  Co.  111.  1867.  Woltman,  69-70,  Vandermeulen,  John, 
70-5.  Hazenberg,  75-7,  Dykstra,  78-82.  Vander  Ploeg.  H.  82-6.  Te 
Winkle,  J.  W.  88-95,  Duiker,  W.  J.   1895 


THE   CHURCHES.  965 

Fulton ville,  Montgomery  Co.  N.Y.  1838.  Dyer,  41-3,  Van  Buren,  J.  M. 
43-52,  Welles,  R.  57-68,  Kip.  F.  M.  (Jr.)  69-82,  Van  Vranken,  F.  V. 
82-92,  Schmitz,  W.  92-1901,  Van  Hee,  1901 

Fynaart,  Allegan  Co.  Mich.  1869.  Zwemer,  J.  F.  73-80,  united  with  Sau- 
gutuck,  1880.  Groeneveld,  81-2.  Reorganized,  1885.  Dangremond, 
G.  85-9,  Strabbing,  89-93,  disbanded,  1894.     See  East  Saugutuck. 

Galesburg,  Jasper  Co.  la.  1891.     Klooster,  1892 

Gallatin,  Mt.  Ross,  Dutchess  Co.  N.Y.  1746.  (Called  successively  Stis- 
sing,  or  New  Stissing,  Livingston  Manor,  Ancram,  and  Greenbush.) 
Fryenmoet,  1759-66,  Livingston,  J.  H.  1779-81,  Lansing,  N.  1781-4, 
Romeyn,  Jer.  1789-94,  Vedder,  H.  1803-64,  Bogardus,  F.  M.  63-9, 
Wyckoff,  D.  B.  70-81,  Todd,  W.  N.  81-5,  Reiner,  86-7,  Bartholf,  B.  A. 
87-99,  Walter,  A.  J.  1900 

Gallupville,  Schoharie  Co.  N.  Y.  1844.  Hammond,  E.  S.  44-52,  Bo- 
gardus, 52-6,  Lane,  G.  57-60,  Comfort,  60-3,  Vedder,  E.  63-71,  Ker- 
show,  72-7,  Carr,  77-80,  Van  Doren,  J.  H.  82-6,  Force,  F.  A.  91-5. 

Gano,  1891,  see  Chicago,  111. 

Gansegat,  now  Fairfield,  N.J. 

Gansevoort,  Saratoga  Co.  N.Y.  1839.  Birkby,  40-5,  Du  Bois,  John,  45-50, 
Doe  (S.S.)  52-3,  Van  Wyck,  P.  53-6,  McCartney,  57-63,  Markle,  64-8, 
Cochrane,  S.  S.  73,  77-&,  Mills,  G.  A.  83-4,  Bailey,  J.  W.  85-6,  Den- 
man.  89-92,  Gulick,  N.  J.  92-5,  Forbes,  96-1900. 

Gardiner,  Ulster  Co.  N.Y.  1891.     Niles,  94-8,  Bayles,  T.  F.  98-1902. 

Garfield,  Bergen  Co.  N.J.  1891.  Seibert,  G.  91-2,  Seibert,  G.  G.  92-6, 
Myles,  97-1901,  Hill,  E.  1901 

Gelderland,  1898,  see  Holland,  Mich. 

Geneva,  Ontario  Co.  N.Y.  1831.  Mandeville,  H.  31-4,  Abeel,  G.  34-49, 
Romeyn,  J.  50-1,  Voorhees,  H.  V.  51-4.  Collier,  Jos.  55-9,  Wiley,  60-5, 
Rogers,  S.  J.  65-72,  Brush,  W.  W.  72-8,  Oppie,  78-9,  Nasholds,  80-2, 
Strong,  T.    C.  82-5.     Disbanded.     See   "Conover's    Hist,   of  Geneva." 

George,  1893,  see  Hope,  la. 

George,  1895,  see  Bethel,  la. 

Georgetown,  D.C.     (Miss  Stanton.)     Baldwin,  E.,  Miss,  to,  1822-4. 

German  Flats,  N.Y.  1725.  Same  as  Great  Flats,  Flats,  or  Fort  Herkimer, 
or  Burnetsfield.  "Doc.  Hist."  i.  332-343.  "Cox's  Herkimer,"  p.  4. 
Supplied,  probably  by  the  two  brothers,  Rosencrantz,  1750,  onward. 

Germantown,  Columbia  Co.  N.Y.  (East  Camp,  Kingsbury).  1728.  Van 
Driessen,  J.  1728-35.  Mancius,  occasionally,  1730-62,  Schnorr,  1746-8. 
Rubel,  1755-9,  Fryenmoet,  1756-70,  Cock,  1763-91,  Cough,  177.-8,  Geb- 
hard,  occasionally;  Fox,  1802-24,  Rudy,  25-36,  Hangen,  36-40,  Boyd. 
Josh,  42-48,  Freese,  49-50,  Hoff,  51-5,  Meyers,  A.  H.  56-62,  Schermer- 
horn,  H.  R.  62-5,  Roe,  66-8,  Bodine,  68-74,  Wyckoff,  Jas.  75-83,  Blair, 

H.  P,  84-7,  Smith,  M.  88-95,  Dyke,  C.  P.  95-1900,  McCully,  1900 

When  Livingston  sold  6,000  acres  to  the  Crown,  in  1710,  40  acres  were 

reserved  for  the  glebe.     This  is  again  mentioned  in  1724.     See  also  MSS. 

history  read  by  Rev.  Jas.  Wyckoff,  at  laying  of  corner-stone,  1880. 

Germantown,  Pa.  1710.  Van  Vleck,  P.  1710-13,  Jones,  Malachi,  1714-19; 
ch.  became  Presbyterian. 


966  THE   CHURCHES. 

German  Valley,  1851,  see  Silver  Creek,  111. 

German  Valley,  1886,  see  Ramsay,  la. 

Ghent,    (Squampamuck,)    Columbia    Co.    1775,    Gebhard    supplied,    1782-7, 

Sluyter  supplied  occasionally. 
Ghent,    Columbia   Co.    N.Y.    1819,    revived.     Wynkoop,    P.    S.   23-42,    De 

Witt,  J.  45-8,  Gray,  J.  48-55,  Letson,  56-64,  Drury,  1864-87,  Wyckoff, 

D.  B.  87-95,  Phelps,  P.  T.  95-1900,  Messier,  Isaac,  1901 

See  "Drury's  Hist.  Discourse." 

Ghent  2d,  1843.  Wyckoff,  T.  F.  43-4,  (S.S.),  Williamson,  G.  R.  44-8, 
Vendervoort,  48-51,  Van  Woert,  52-65,  Sebring,  E.  N.  65-73,  Schenck, 
Jac.  W.    73-9,  Schenck,  I.  S.  80-96,  Bedford,  1897 

Gibbonsville,  now  West  Troy,  South  Church. 

Gibbsville,  Sheboygan  Co.  Wis.  1856.  Dunnewold,  68-87,  De  Bey,  D.  J. 
88-96,  Hospers,  H.  97-9,  Vander  Werf,  S.  1899 

Giffords,  1821,  see  Princetown,  N.Y. 

Gilboa,  Schoharie  Co.  N.Y.  1836.  Paige,  36-7,  Bogardus,  C.  38-42,  Van 
Dyck,  L.  H.  44-52,  Lockwood,  S.  52-4,  Welch,  55-6,  Benedict.  57,  See 
W.  G.  E.  59-61,  King,  A.  B.  62-3,  Letson,  64-8,  Moore,  W.  S.  69-73, 
Ball,  (S.S.)  75,  Cornet,  76-9,  vacant,  79-82,  Miller,  B.  C.  82-5,  Wessells, 
87-9,  Scarlett,  J.  H.  92-9,  Gilboa,  1901 

Gingee,  1862,  see  India. 

Glascoe,  1807,  see  Flatbush,  Ulster  Co.  N.Y. 

Glen,  Montgomery  Co.  N.Y.  1797.  Morris,  J.,  Miss,  to,  27-9,  Chittenden, 
31-3,  Jukes,  39-44,  Van  Vranken,  A.  H.  51-65,  Van  Vranken.  F.  V. 
66-73,  Dysart,  74-9,   Schoonmaker,  R.  L.  80-2,  Lansing,  83-8,  Thyne, 

88-94,  Hogan,  J.  S.  94-7,  Lansing,  R.  A.  97-1900,  Smith,  1901 See 

"Hogan's  Centennial  Discourse." 

Glen,  Independent.     Paulison,   1840-18.. 

Glenham,  Dutchess  Co.  N.Y.  1837.  Johnson,  J.  G.  40-6,  Miller,  46-9, 
Duryea,  J.  G.  51-2,  Bevier,  53-60,  Holmes,  E.  (S.S.)  60-5,  Horton, 
65-7,  Wyckoff,  A.  N.  67-71,  Scudder,  Jos.  (S.S.)  72-5,  Van  Deventer, 
75-9,  Schomp,  79-85,  Beekman,  P.  S.  87-93,  Strong,  W.  V.  D.  1894 

Glen  Rock,  Bergen  Co.  N.J.  1895.     Supplied  by  students. 

Glenville,  1st,  1814,  see  Schenectady,  N.Y. 

Glenville,  2d,  1818,  see  Schenectady,  N.Y. 

Gnanodiam,  1867,  see  India. 

Goodland,  Newton  Co.  Ind. 

Gorham,  Ontario  Co.  N.Y.  1843.  Ryerson,  43-5,  Lloyd,  46-7,  Hammond, 
I-  47-50. 

Graafschap,  Allegan  Co.  Mich.  1850,  (organization  came  from  Holland 
in  1847)  ;  joined  R.C.A.  1850.  Klyn,  49-51,  Ypma,  52-5.  In  1856,  all 
except  five   families   seceded.     Pieters,  61-5,  Broek,   D.   65-70,   Oggel, 

E.  C.  70-2,  Vanderkley,  43-5,  Zwemer,  A.  76-86,  John,  C.  C.  A.  L. 
88-90,  Zwemer,  F.  J.  92-6,  Vander  Meulen,  J.  96-1900,  Kuiper,  C. 
1901 

Grace  Chapel,  Flatbush,   1871.  see  N.Y.C..  borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Grace,  1880,  see  Orangeburg.  S.C. 

Grace,  1885,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Manhattan. 


THE   CHURCHES.  967 

Grace,  1897,  see  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

Grahamsville,  Sullivan  Co.  N.Y.  1844.     Gregory,  T.  B.  44-8,  Hammond, 

J.   W.  49-52,  Case,  52-3,  Betts,  55-6,  Jones,  D.  A.  58-63,  Hammond, 

J.   W.   63-7,   Turner,  68-71,   Milliken,   76-83,   Lane,   G.  85-7,   Coombs, 

90-3,  Ruhl,  95-8,   Hauser,  1902 

Grahamsville,  1880,  see  Unionville,  N.Y. 

Grand  Gorge,   (Moresville,  Prattsville,  Windham,  Dyse's  Manor,)   Greene 

Co.  N.Y.  1798.     Paige,  1814-29,  Stimpson,  29-33,  Van  Dyck,  H.  33-5, 

Gregory,  T.  B.  36-41,  Depuy,  41-6,  Wyckoff,  A.  V.  46-51,  Hammond, 

E.   S.   52-4,  Johns,  55-9,   Gilbert,  61-6,  Dusenberre  66-70,   Carr,  70-5, 

Garretson,  Jas.  C.  75-7,  Sebring,  E.  N.  77-9,  vacant,  79-87,  Wessells, 

87-9,  Neale,  95-6,  Dixon,  C.  M.  1897 

Grand  Haven,  Ottawa  Co.   Mich.   1851.    Bolks,  52-5,  Oggel,  P.  J.  56-9, 

Vanderveen,   1861-8,  Klyn,  H.  C.  68-9,  De  Beer,  69-72,  Oggel,  E.  C. 

72-8,  Duiker,  78-81,  Dosker,  H.  E.  82-6,  Wormser,  A.  86-91,  De  Pruyn, 

P.  91-7,  Muilenberg,  1898 

Grand  Haven  2d,   1871.     Vander  Hart,   72-5,   again,  77-9,   Vander  Veen, 

79-84,  Winter,   E.  84-6,  Stapelkamp,  86-8,  Van  Zanten,  90-3,  Collier, 

G.  Z.  96-1900,  Vander  Meulen,  J.  (Jr.)   1900 

Grand  Rapids,  Kent.  Co.  Mich.;  churches  in:  (The  churches  numbered 
1,  2  and  11,  are  in  the  Classis  of  Michigan;  the  others  in  the  Classis 
of  Grand  River.) 

1.  Fountain   and  Barclay   Sts.   1840.    Waring,   Miss,   to,   40-2,   Taylor, 

A.  B.  43-8,  Berry,  P.  60-1,  Ferris,  J.  M.  62-5,  Decker,  H.  65-7,  Van 
der  Veen,  C.  68-71,  Van  der  Meulen,  Jac.  71-2,  Moerdyk,  P.  73-92,. 
Williamson,  W.  H.  92-9,  Van  der  Meulen,  J.  M.  1900-2.  See  "Moer- 
dyk's  Hist,  of,"  1880. 

2.  Bostwick  St.   1850.    Klyn,  54-6,  Houbolt,  59-60,  Van  der  Meulen,  C. 

61-73,  Dosker,  N.  H.  73-83,  Winter,  E.  83-95,  De  Bey,  D.  J.  96-1900, 
Kolyn,  M.  1901 

3.  Diamond  and  Hermitage  Sts.  1875.     Kriekaard,  A.  1876 

4.  539  North  Ionia  St.  1875-     Hulst,  L.  J.  75-81,  when  the  pastor  and  a 

large  part  of  the  church  seceded  to  the  Christian  Reformed  Church. 
De  Pree,  P.  82-91,  Bouma,  P.  J.  91-4,  Warnshuis,  J.  W.  95-1900,  Van 
Houte,  J.  1900 

5.  Second  Av.  and  Church  St.   1886.    Joldersma,  86-9,  Buursma,  A.  89- 

1902. 

6.  Oakland  Park,  536  Adams  st.  1889.    Lumkes,  J.  M.  90-3,  Pool,  Wm. 

93-7,  De  Pree,  P.  1899 

7.  West   Leonard   St.    1890.     Lamar,   J.   91-3,    Muilenberg,   T.    W.   94-8, 

Zwemer,  J.  F.  98-1900,   Broekstra,  M.  E.   1900 

8.  South    Channel,    1891.     Duiker,    R.   92-6,   Ihrman,  96-9,    Frieling    H 

1899 

9.  Watson  and  Delaney  Sts.  1892.     Boer,  H.  K.  92-5,  Te  Winkle,  95-9, 

Schuurman,  H.  P.  1900 

10.  Bethany,  East  and  Baldwin  Sts.  1893.     Lamar,  J.  93-8,  Ossewaarde, 
Jas.  1899 


968  THE   CHURCHES. 

II.  Grace.  Caulfield  Av.  1897.  Van  der  Erve,  J.  98-1901,  Joldersma, 
1901 

Grand  Rapids,  Independent,  1875? 

Grand  View,  Armour.  Douglas  Co.  S.D.  1885.  Zwemer,  F.  J.  86-9, 
Pool,  Wm.  89-90.  Zwemer,  F.  J.  90-2,  Stegeman,  Wm.  92-6,  classical 
missionary.   96-1900,   Brummel,   Jac.    1900 

Gkaxdvii.lk,  Kent  Co.  Mich.  1859.  Kiekintveld,  67-70,  De  Jonge,  W.  P. 
71-87,  Duiker,  R.  88-90,  Bouma,  90-1,  Brock,  D.  1892 

Gravesend,    1054,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Great  Flats,  or  German  Flats,  or  Flats. 

Greenburgh,  Elmsford,  Westchester  Co.  N.Y.  1850.  (This  church  was 
organized  in  1788  as  a  Congregational  Church;  it  afterward  became 
Presbyterian,  and  in  1850  entered  into  its  present  relations.)     Smith, 

12-20,  Phelps,  50-1,  Wyckoff,  A.  V.  51-2,  See,  J.  L.  53-4,  Moore, 

56-64,  Bogardus.  W.  E.  65-7,  Bertholf,  J.  H.  67-9,  Bagley,  73-5,  Hoyt, 
76-9,  Jan.  1.     Vacant,  79-84,  Turner,  W.  E.  84-9,  Goebel,  1890 

Greenbush,   (Livingston  Manor.)   1746.     See  Gallatin. 

Greenbush,  East  Greenbush,  Rensselaer  Co.  N.Y.  1787.  Romeyn,  J.  V.  C. 
1788-99,  Zabriskie.  J.  L.  1801-11,  Labagh,  I.  1811-15,  Marselus,  15-22, 
Taylor,  B.  C.  22-5,  Dumont,  26-9,  Liddell,  30-4,  Stimpson,  34-52,  Tal- 
mage,  J.  R.  52-60,  Wilson,  P.  Q.  61-6,  Anderson,  W.  66-76,  Steele,  J. 

77-87,  Laubenheimer.   1888 

See  "Pockman's  Hist,  of  Refd.  Ch.  East  Greenbush,"  1891. 

Greenbush,  Sheboygan  Co.  Wis.  1884. 

Greendale,  1836,  see  Greenport,  Columbia  Co.  N.Y. 

Greenleafton,  Fillmore  Co.  Minn.  1869.  Lepeltak,  70-7,  Vanderplocg. 
78-82,  De  Jong,  J.  P.  83-5,  Borgers,  H.  86-93,  Oosterhoff,  95-1900, 
Klerk,  1900 

Green  Point,  1848,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Green  Port,  (Mt.  Pleasant,)  Columbia  Co.  N.Y.  1835.  Hangen,  (S.S.) 
36-7,  Fisher,  G.  H.  (S.S.)  38-39,  Van  Wagenen,  39-41,  Fonda,  J.  D. 
42-7,  Van  Wyck,  48-51,  Voorhees,  J.  N.  51-b,  Finch.  57-61,  Himrod, 
61-81,  Perry,  W.  D.  82-6,  Veenschoten,  86-90,  Ackerman,  90-4,  Corwin, 

E.    T.   95-7,   Corwin,    C.   E.    1897 See   "Corwin's   Ecc.    Hist,   of 

Columbia  Co.  N.Y.,"  1900. 

Greenville,  Scarsdale,  Westchester  Co.  N.Y.  1840.  Ilulbert,  42-5,  Stew- 
art. 46-52,  Collier,  Jos.  52-5,  Marcellus,  56-9.  Romondt,  60-1,  Pitcher, 
J.  H.  61-73,  Schoonmaker,  R.  L.  76-8,  Ries,  78-82,  Bolton,  82-4,  Gra- 
ham, 85-9,  Harper,  1890 

"Greenville,  1871,  see  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

Greenwich,  1803,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Manhattan. 

Greenwich,  1812,  see  Union  Village,  Washington  Co.  N.Y. 

Greenwood,  Clark  Co.  Wis.   1880? 

Greenwood  Heights,   1892,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Grigc-stown,  Somerset  Co.  N.J.  1842.  Lord,  J.  S.  43-7,  Todd,  J.  A.  48-55, 
Livingston.   E.   P.  55-8,   Searle,   Stephen,  59-73,   Williams,   R.   G.  74-7, 


THE   CHURCHES.  969 

Searle,  J.  P.  78-81,  Gebhard,  J.  G.  82-5,  Palmer,  R.  86-90.  Southard. 

91-1902. 
Grove  church,  1843,  see  New  Durham,  N.J. 
Guilderland,  see  Helderbergh. 
Guilford,  Libertyville.   Ulster  Co.    N.Y.    1833.     Brush,  W.  34-51,  Jansen, 

J.  N.  52-63,  De  Witt,  R.  64-71,  Lasher,  1873 

Guttenberg,    Hudson   Co.    N.J.    1869.     Mabon,   W.   V.    V.    (S.S.),   69-72, 

Crolius,  72-4,  Wilson,  P.  Q.   (S.S.),  74-6,  Barr,  78-80,  Shaw,  A.  80-4, 

Sparks,  84-6,  Morton,  88-9,  Johnston,  90-1,  Manchee,  1894 

Hackensack,  Bergen  Co.  N.J.,  churches  in : 

1.  Hackensack,  French  church,  1682?     Supplied  probably  by  Daille,  1683- 

96.  See  Dr.  D.  D.  Demarest's  "Huguenots  on  the  Hackensack,"  1886, 
and  "Collections  of  Huguenot  Society." 

2.  Hackensack,    1686.     Supplied    by    Tesschenmaeker,    1686-7,    by    Varick, 

1687-9;  pastors:  Bertholf,  G.  1694-1724,  Erickzon,  1725-8;  supplied 
by  Du  Bois,  Gaulterus,  1728-30;  Curtenius,  1730-55,  Goetschius,  J.  H. 
1748-74,  Romeyn,  D.  1775-84,  Froeligh,  S.  1786-1822,  seceded.  "Amst. 
Cor."     "Taylor's  Annals."     "Brinkerhoff's   Hist.   True  R.D.C." 

3.  Hackensack,  Secession,   1822.    Froeligh,  S.   22-7,  Paulison,  31-2,  Dem- 

arest,  C.  T.  39-52,  Blauvclt,  C.  J.  53-9,  De  Baun,  J.  Y.  60-87,  Voorhis, 
J.  C.  1887— 

4.  Hackensack,  Independent.   1832.     Paulison,  32-40,  Amerman,  A.  43-71, 

when  church  became  Presbyterian. 

5.  Hackensack,    1756.     Schuyler,    1756-66,    Blauw.    1768-71,    Kuypers,   W. 

I77I-97,  Romeyn,  J.  V.  C.  1799-1833,  Romeyn,  Jas.  33-6,  Warner,  A.  H. 

37-65,    Romeyn,    T.    B.    65-85,    Vanderwart,    1886 See    "T.    B. 

Romeyn's  Hist.  Disc." 

6.  Hackensack  20,  1855.     Demarest,  Jas.  (Jr.)  56-63,  Fisher,  G.  H.  64-70, 

Durand,  71-82,  Johnson,  A.  1884 

7.  Hackensack,   (Ger.)    1857.     Becker,  57-60,  Wolf,  Miss,  to,  62,  Schroe- 

der,  64-9,  Losch,  70-2,  Saul,  73-4,  Ricke,  74-7,  Windemuth,  77-9,  Goebel, 
J.  H.  81-QO,  Bombin,  1801 

Hagaman,  Montgomery  Co.  N.Y.  1855.  Pearse,  56-9,  Slingerland,  60-2, 
Hagaman,  A.  J.  63-87,  Hansen.  87-93,  Wurts,  93-1901. 

Hallebergh,  same  as  Lisha's  Kill. 

Hallowell,  1816,  see  Canada. 

Hamilton,  (Rabbitt  River,  Zabriskie  Memorial,)  Allegan  Co.  Mich.  1870. 
Dangremond,   69-73. 

Hamilton  Grange,  1887,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  The  Bronx. 

Hanover,  Adams  Co.  Pa.  1768,  (on  the  Susquehanna,)  near  Conewago; 
see  note  under  Conewago,  Pa.  Gray,  A.  1793-6.  The  Dutch  people 
removed  from  this  place  almost  in  a  body  to  the  Genesee  country, 
N.Y.  1793-6. 

Half  Moon,  now  Waterford.     "Doc.  Hist."  i.  425. 

Hardewyck,  Ottawa  Co.  Mich.  1880? 

Hardwick,    Warren    Co.    N.J.    1760.     Peppard,    Francis,    Presbyt.     (S.S.) 


9TO  THE   CHURCHES. 

1764;  Condict,  I.  supplied,  occasionally,  1787-93,  (Chitara,  1787-92, 
Wack,  C.  1792-1809,  also  Wack,  J.  J.  1798-1803,  Senn,  1795-1800,) 
entered  R.D.C.  from  Ger.  Refd.  Ch.  181 1,  Force,  1811-16.  See  Knowl- 
ton  and  Stillwater,  NJ. 

Hardy  Co.  Va.  1789.     (Miss,  station.)     Jennings,  1789-92  became  Presbyt. 

Harlem,  1660,  see  New  York  City,  borougb  of  Manhattan. 

Harlem,  (Ger.)   1853,  see  New  York  City,  borough  of  Manhattan. 

Harlingen,  (Sourland,  Millstone,)  Somerset  Co.  NJ.  1727.  Frelinghuy- 
sen,  T.  J.  1729-48,  Frelinghuysen,  J.  1750-4,  (Arondeus,  Conferentn-. 
1747-54,  Hardenbergh,  1758-61,  Van  Harlingen,  J.  M.  1762-95,  Smith, 
\Y.  R.  1795-1817,  Polhemus,  H.  1798-1808,  Labagh,  P.  1809-44,  Gard- 
ner, J.  44-81,  Gardner,  J.  S.  80-3,  Kip,  F.  M.  82-1902.  Chartered,  1753, 
in  union  with  N.B.,  Six  Mile  Run,  Raritan  and  Readington.  See 
"Hoagland's  Hist.  Notes." 

Harlingen  2d,  1831.     Reorganized  as  Blawenberg,  1832. 

Harrison,  Douglas  Co.  S.D.  1883.  Stegeman,  A.  83-92,  Ziegeler,  94- 
1900,  Straks,  1901 

Harrison,  Oklahoma,  1902. 

Hartsburg,  Logan  Co.  111.  1877.  Rodenberg,  1877.  Name  of  ch.  dropped, 
1881. 

Hasbrouck  Heights,  Bergen  Co.  NJ.   1893.     Shepard,  C.  I.   1893 

Hastings,  Westchester  Co.  N.Y.  1850.  Phelps,  50-9,  Quackenbush,  59-60. 
Johnson,  H.  H.  62-4,  Peck,  T.  R.  G.  64-82,  Curtis,  M.  M.  83-5,  Dumont, 
W.  A.  85-8,  Norris,  J.  A.  88-95,  Sigafoos,  1897 

Havana,  Mason  Co.  111.  1865.  Williamson,  N.  D.  (S.S.)  65-6,  Decker, 
67-72,  Seibert,  72-81,  Gilmore,  82-4,  Ziegler,  85-6,  Scudder,  F.  S.  90-3, 
Thompson,  E.  W.  95,  Scarlett,  G.  W.  95-1901. 

Hawthorne,  Passaic  Co.  NJ.  1895.  Conover,  G.  M.  95-8,  Johnston,  W. 
98-1900. 

Heeleyton,  1851,  see  Franklin,  Wis. 

Helderbergh,  Guilderland,  Albany  Co.  N.Y.  1767.  Romeyn,  D.,  supplied 
occasionally  87-93,  Van  Huysen,  H.  1793- 1824,  Blair,  Miss,  to,  24, 
Hardenbergh,  J.  B.  24-5,  Blair,  25-30,  Bogardus,  N.  30-3,  Frazer,  35-8. 
Steele,  J.  B.  38-45,  Bailey,  45-7,  Davis,  W.  P.  48-51,  Van  Dyck,  L.  H. 
52-6,  Davis,  W.  P.  57-69,  Gamble.  70-85,  Voorhees,  H.  M.  86-9,  Staats. 

B.   B.   90-6,    Seibert,   G.    G.    1896 See   "Voorhees'   Hist.    Ser.   in 

MSS.,"  1889. 

Hempstead,  Secession,  (Kakiat.)  1825.  Demarest,  J.  D.  1824-58,  De  Baun, 
J.  Y.  1856-60. 

Henderson,  1798.. 

Henderson,  (Warren,)  Herkimer  Co.  N.Y.  1829.  Hangen,  30-2,  Noe,  35. 
De  Voe,  36-9,  Pepper,  40-5,  supplied  by  Hall,  D.  B.  47,  by  Whitbeck, 
J.  49-50,  Lord,  D.  51-6,  again,  60-4,  Compton,  71-4,  Lord,  D.  78-87, 
vacant  until  95.  name  dropped. 

Herkimer,  Herkimer  Co.  N.Y.  1723.  Supplied  occasionally,  1723-50;  by 
Rosencrantz,  A.  1765-96,  by  Pick,  1798-1800,  Spinner,  1801-41.  Murphy. 
37-41,   again,   42-9,   Mead,   49-59,   Gardner,   60-4,    Petrie,    (S.S.'    64-8 


THE   CHURCHES.  971 

Consaul,  69-77,  Brokaw,  R.  W.  77-82,  Cox,  82-90,  Gebhard,  I.  G.  91- 
1900,  Dyke,  C.  P.  1900 "Doc.  Hist."  iii.  674,  686. 

Herkimer,  2d,  1824.  Centre,  Miss,  to,  24-5,  Ketchum,  Miss,  to,  26-7,  Boyd, 
Josh.,  Miss,  to,  27-8,  Morris,  J.,  Miss,  to,  28-9,  Synder,  Miss,  to,  29-31, 
Pitcher,  J.  H.  32-3,  merged  in  Herkimer  1st,  1836. 

Hicksville,  Queens  Co.  N.Y.  1883.     Gutweiler,  1884 

High  Bridge,  Hunterdon  Co.  NJ.  1866.  Wyckoff,  C.  (S.S.)  66-8,  pastor, 
68-9,  Van  Amburgh,  69-71,  Fehrman,  72-4,  Dean,  75-85,  Long,  86-8, 
Voorhees,  H.  M.  90-2,  Kip,  I.  L.  92-7,  Lawrence  C.  L  99-1902. 

High  Bridge,  1874,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  The  Bronx. 

High  Fails,  1807,  see  Clove,  Ulster  Co.  N.Y. 

Highland  Park,  1890,  see  New  Brunswick,  NJ. 

Highlands,  Monmouth  Co.  NJ.  1874.  Allen,  A.  W.  74-84,  supplied  by 
students  and  others,  84-99,  Zabriskie,  A.  A.  99-1900. 

High  Prairie.  (Hooge  Prairie,)  Cook  Co.  111.  organized,  1849,  but  inde- 
pendent till  1852.     Bolks,  62-5,  Lepeltak,  65-70,  Koopman,  70-7. 

Highwood,  Bergen  Co.  NJ.  1900.     Sciple,  1900 

Hillsborough,  (at  Millstone,  NJ.)  Somerset  Co.  NJ.  1766.  Supplied  by 
Leydt,  J.,  Hardenbergh,  J.  R.,  and  Van  Harlingen,  J.  M.,  1766-74, 
Foering,  1774-9,  (called  to  preach  in  English,)  church  chartered,  1775, 
Froeligh,  S.  1780-6,  Van  Harlingen,  J.  M.  1787-95,  Cannon,  1797-1807, 
Schureman,   1807-9,   Zabriskie,  John   L.    11-50,  De  Witt,  John,   50-63, 

Corwin,  E.  T.  63-88,   Shafer,  T.    1889 See  "Corwin's   Millstone 

Centennial,"  1866,  and  "Corwin's  20th  Anniversary  Sermon,"  1884. 

Hillsdale,  (Krum,)  Columbia  Co.  N.Y.  1769.  Gebhard,  1793-1814,  Sluyter, 
16-25,  Wynkoop,  25-40,  Himrod,  42-3.  Merged  in  the  church  of 
Mellenville. 

Hingham,  Sheboygan  Co.  Wis.  1890.  Karsten,  90-3,  Zwemer,  F.  J 
^98 

Hoboken,  Ulster  Co.  N.  Y.  1828. 

Hoboken,  Hudson  Co.  NJ.  1850.  (Ostrander,  H.,  Miss,  to,  22,  Abeel,  G., 
Miss,  to,  1824-8,)  Gregory,  T.  B.,  Miss,  to,  50-4,  Parker,  C.  55-8,  Mann! 
58-61,  Parker,  C.  July-Nov.  61,  Riddle,  M.  62-5,  Vroom,  W.  H.  65-7, 
Allen,  J.  K.  68-70,  Buck,  70-4,  Parker,  Chs.  74-9,  House,  79-87,  Man- 
chee,  (S.S.)  87-9,  Mattice,  H.  89-95.  Van  Arsdale,  N.  (S.S.)  06, 
Bluhm,  1897 

Hoboken,  (Ger.)  1856.     Mohn,  56-85,  Freund,  87-8,  Rudolph,  1889 

Hohokus,  Bergen  Co.  NJ.  1872.     Jongeneel,  Miss,  to,  1871-3. 

Holland,  Ottawa  Co.  Mich.;  churches  in:  (All  in  Classis  of  Holland, 
except  Hope  ch.,  which  is  in  Classis  of  Michigan). 

1.  First,  organized  in  the  Neths.  1847,  and  came  to  America,  as  a  Church. 

United  with  R.C.A.  1851.  Van  Raalte,  47-67,  Rieters,  69-79,  Steffens, 
N.  M.  83-4,  supplied,  84-92,  Van  Houte,  Jac.  92-1900,  Van  der  Werf, 
S.  1900 

2.  Hope   Church,    1862.     (English    Lang.)      Stewart,    A.    T.    66-77,    Van 

Pelt,  78-83,  Jones,  T.  W.  83-8,  Bergen,  J.  T.  89-92,  Birchby,  92-9, 
Bergen,  J.  T.    (S.S.)    1900 


972  THE    CHURCHES. 

3.  Third,  1867.     Van  der  Meulen,  Jac.  C.  68-71,  Utterwick,  72-80,  Broek, 

D.  80-8,  Dosker,  H.  E.  89-94,  Dubbink,  95 •     In  1896  the  English 

language   was   adopted    for   all   services.     See    Hist.    Sketch   by   Dub- 
bink. 1899. 

4.  Ebenezer,  1867.     Kuyper.  A.  C.  67-77,  Dosker,  H.  E.  79-82,  Gronveld. 

82-3.    Meulendyke.   Josias,   83-4,   Vander    Meulen,   John,   84-91,    John, 
C.  C.  A.  L.  91-2,  Pietenpol,  92-5,  Vandermeulen,  John,    1895-1901. 

5.  Fourth,  1896.     De  Jonge,  A.  W.  1898 

6.  Gelderland,  1899.     De  Jonge,  B.  1900 

Holland,  1897,  see  Churchville,  Minn. 

Holland,  Lancaster  Co.  Nebraska,  1870.  Te  Winkle,  71-6,  Huizenga,  J. 
76-91,  Van  Duine,  92-1900,  De  Bey,  D.  J.  1900 

Holland  2nd,  Neb.  1873.     Name  dropped  in  1885. 

Holland,  Wis.  1854.     See  Cedar  Grove. 

Holmdel,  (Middletown,  Neversink,)  Monmouth  Co.  N.J.  1699.  See  Free- 
hold, N.J.  Supplied  by  Lupardus,  Antonides  and  Freeman,  1699-1709, 
Morgan,  1709-31,  Haeghoort,  i73T"5,  Erickzon,  1736-64,  Du  Bois,  B. 
1 764- 1825,   Van    Vranken,    S.    A.    17-26,    Beekman,    26-36,    Thompson, 

F.  B.   (S.S.)  37-8,  Reiley.  W.  39-87,  Hageman,  A.  87-93,  Wyckoff,  G. 

x894 This,  though  a  separate  congregation,  was  one  ecclesiastical 

body  with  Freehold  1st  until  1825.     The  name  Holmdel  was  assumed 
in   1867. 

Honey  Creek,  1855,  now  Raritan,  111. 

Hong-san,  1870,  see  China. 

Hooge  Prairie,  1852,  see  High  Prairie.  111. 

Hooker,  1882,  see  Van  den  Berg,  S.D. 

Hope,  1862,  see  Holland  2d,  Mich. 

Hope,  (LaGrace,  Westfield.)  Emmons  Co.,  now  Campbell  Co.  S.D.  1885. 
Zwemer,  F.  J.  87-9,  Vander  Meulen,  Jac.  89-90,  Zwemer,  F.  J.  90-2, 
Harmeling,  S.  J.  93-4,  classical  missionary,  94-7,  Dykema,  1897 

Hope,  George,  Lyon  Co.  la.  1892.  Bollenbacker,  93,  Niemeyer,  H.  94, 
Janssen,  W.  T.  96-9,  Schnucker,  1899 

Hope,  Sheboygan,  Sheboygan  Co.  Wis.  1891.  Classical  missionary,  91-4, 
Sietsema,  94-8,  Siegers,  1900 

Hopewell,  Dutchess  Co.  N.Y.  1757.  Rysdyck,  1765-89,  Blauvelt,  I.  1783- 
90,  Van  Vranken,  N.  1791-1804,  Barcalo,  1805-10,  De  Witt.  T.  12-26, 
\\ Intehead,   28-35,    Polhemus,   A.    35-57,    Cobb,    O.    E.    57-72.    Taylor, 

G.  73-80,  Polhemus,  C.  H.  80-91,  Clapp,  1892 

Horse  Neck,  now  Fairfield. 

Hortonville,  Sullivan  Co.  N.Y.  1875. 

Hospers,  Sioux  Co.  la.  1886.  Dangremond,  G.  (S.S.)  88-00,  Van  der  Kam, 
92-4,  Te  Grootenhuis,  D.  J.  95-1900,  Te  Selle,  1900 

Howard  Prairie,  Sheboygan  Co.  Wis.   1885? 

llnwES  Cave,  Schoharie  Co.  N.Y.  1808  (formerly  Schoharie  Mt.  in  East 
Cobleskill.)  Quaw,  1834-6,  Scribner,  (S.S.)  47-8,  Vedder,  E.  55-63, 
Markle    (S.S.)    72-5,    Millspaugh,    76-8,    Buckelew,    79-86,    Beekman, 


THE   CHURCHES.  973 

T.  A.  89-93,  Lipes,  94-5,  Jongenell,  Jas.  95-9,  Voegelin,  1900 See 

also  Central  Bridge,  N.Y. 

Hudson,  Columbia  Co.  N.Y.  1835.  Fisher,  G.  H.  36-41,  Gosman,  4*-53, 
Demarest,  D.  D.  53-65,  Holmes,  J.  McC.  65-77,  McLeod,  78-9,  Smith, 
W.  80-5,  Gleason,  86-9,  Schenck,  F.  S.  90-7,  Park,  C.  1898- 

Hudson  City,  1846,  see  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

Hudson  City  (Ger.)   1853,  see  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

Hudson  City,  2d,  (Ger.)   1859,  see  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

Huguenots,  1850,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Richmond. 

Hull,  Pattersonville,  Sioux  Co.  la.  1885.  Lammers,  89-92,  Kriekaard,  C. 
93-6,    Broekstra,  97-1900,    Koster,    1900 

Hull,  Emmons  Co.  S.D.  1889.  Zwemer,  F.  J.  89-92,  Harmeling,  S.  J. 
93-4.     Disbanded  1894. 

Hurley,  Ulster  Co.  N.Y.  1801.  Smith,  T.  G.  1801-8,  Gosman,  1808-11, 
Ostrander,  H.  11-14,  Carle,  14-25,  Van  Keuren,  26-34,  Mason,  J.  (S.S.) 
34-6,  Reiley,  Wm.  36-9,  Harriman,  39-40,  Elmendorf,  A.  40-3,  Cruik- 
shank,  J.  C.  43-50,  Lippincott,  50-66,  Harris,  67-78,  Lockwood,  L.  I. 

79-81,  Wyckoff,  D.  B.  81-7,  Searle,  S.  T.  87-96,  Schlieder,-A.  1896 ■ 

"Col.  Docs.  N.Y."  ii.  592,  Centennial,  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  July  10,  1901. 

Hyde  Park,  (Stoutsburgh,)  Dutchess  Co.  N.Y.  1792.  Brower,  C.  1794- 
1812,  Wynkoop,  P.  S.  17-22,  Vanderveer,  F.  H.  23-9,  Cahoone,  29-33, 
Westfall,  S.  V.  E.  34-7,  Cruikshank,  J.  C.  37"43-  Elmendorf,  A.  43-8, 
Ten  Eyck,  48-53,  Dater,  53-77,  Garretson,  G.  R.  77-80,  Blauvelt,  C.  R. 
80-3,  Kavanaugh,  83-4,  Shaw,  J.  F.  86-93,  Harris,  J.  F.  93-8,  Gaston, 
Jos.  1898 

Ilion,  Herkimer  Co.  N.Y.  1862.     Petrie,  63-8. 

Immanuel,  Bonhomme  Co.  S.D.  1888.  Zwemer,  F.  J.  88-9,  again,  91-2, 
Harmeling,  S.  J.  93-4,  Classical  missionary,  94-8,  Heemstra,  98-9, 
Stegeman,  W.  1899 

Immanuel,  1884,  Belmond,  see  Emmanuel.  la. 

Immanuel  Mission,  see  Irving  Park.  Chicago,  111. 

India,  Churches  and  Stations  in : 

I.  Ceylon,  at  Pandeteripo,  1819.     Scudder,  John,  1819-39. 

II.  Madras,  1839.     Scudder,  John,  1839-42,  again,  1848-53. 

Madura,  1846.     Scudder,  John,  1846-8,  Scudder,  H.  M.  1851-3,  Scudder, 
W.  W.  1852-3,  Scudder,  Jos.  1853. 

III.  Indian  Archipelago : 

1.  Borneo.     Nevius,  1840-1,  Abeel,  D.   1841-2,  Pohlman,  1840-4,  Doty, 

1840-4,  Thompson,  F.  B.  1840-8,  Steele,  W.  H.  1842-9. 
Karangan.     Youngblood,    1842-9,   Thompson,    F.    B.    1842-6,    Steele, 

W.   H.   1843-9. 
Pontianak.     Youngblood,  1839-42,  Nevius,  183. -43. 
Sambas.     Doty. 

2.  Java.     Abeel,  D.  1830-1,  Nevius,  1836-40,  Doty,  1836-40,  Thompson, 

F.    B.    1838-40,    Ennis,    1836-40,    Pohlman,    1838-40,    Youngblood, 
1836-9,  Van  Doren,  W.  T.  1841-2. 


974  THE   CHURCHES. 

3.  Siam.  Abeel,  D.  1831-3,  Thompson,  F.  B.  (at  Singapore,)  1838-9, 
1841. 

See  "Anderson's  Hist.  Missions  of  A.B.C.F.M.  in  India,"  pp.  236-240; 
also  index  under  the  ivords,  Ceylon,  East  India  Co.,  India,  Southern,  and 
Scudder,  and  pages  243-5  of  this  work. 

Ordained  Missionaries:  John  Scudder,  1819-54,  David  Abeel,  1829-42, 
Elilm  Doty,  1836-44,  Elbert  Nevius,  1836-43,  Wm.  Youngblood,  1836-49, 
Jacob  Ennis,  1836-40,  Wm.  J.  Pohlman,  1838-44,  Fred.  B.  Thompson, 
1838-47,  Wm.  T.  Van  Doren,  1840-2,  Isaac  P.  Stryker,  1840-2,  Wm.  H. 
Steele,  1842-9,  Scudder,  H.  M.  1851-3,  Scudder,  W.  W.  1852-3,  Scudder, 
Joseph,   1853. 

IV.  Arcot  Mission.  This  was  organized  in  1853.  Its  field  embraces  the 
whole  of  the  North  Arcot  District,  two  Taluks,  or  Counties,  of  the 
South  Arcot  District,  three  Taluks  of  the  Cuddapah  District,  and  two 
Taluks  of  the  kingdom  of  Mysore.  Its  length  is  190  miles  and  breadth 
from  50  to  75  miles.  Its  area  is  nearly  12,000  sq.  miles,  or  nearly 
equal  to  New  Jersey  and  Connecticut  together.  In  the  southern  por- 
tion, which  is  equal  to  the  size  of  New  Jersey,  the  people  use  the 
Tamil  language.  In  the  Northern  portion,  which  is  equal  to  the  size 
of  Connecticut,  the  Telugu  is  the  language  of  the  people.  The  popu- 
lation of  the  mission  field  is  from  3  to  4  millions. 
The  Classis  of  Arcot  was  organized  in  1853,  and  its  churches  are  here 

arranged  in  chronological  order.     See  pages  256-265  of  this  work.— For  list 

in  1869,  see  "Manual  of  1869."  pp.  299,  300;  and  for  list  in  1879,  with  the 

many  outstations,  see  "Manual  of  1879,"  pp.  598-601. 

1.  Arcot,  Ranipeitai,   1853,   and   its   villages.       Scudder,    H.    M.   53-4. 

Scudder,  Jos.  54-7,  Sawyer,  A.  (native),  59-65,  Scudder,  John, 
65-74,  John,  Z.  (native),  76-8,  Nathaniel,  M.  (native),  79-87, 
Hekhuis,  87-8,  Conklin,  88-90.  Scudder,  L.  R.  90-98,  Selvam,  (na- 
tive), 1899 (Connected  church,  Yehamur,   1876.) 

2.  Chittoor,  1853.     Scudder,  W.  W.  53-6,  Scudder,  E.  C.  ^6-9.  Scud- 

der. \Y.  \\  .  59-61,  Scudder.  E.  C.  61-2,  Scudder,  J.  W.  62-75, 
Sawyer,  A.  (native),  75-86,  Nathaniel,  M.  (native),  86-7,  Conk- 
lin, 87-9,  Chamberlain,  W.  I.  89-96,  Yesuratnum,  J.  (native). 
^86 (Connected  church,  Kottapalli,  1869). 

3.  Vellore.    1853.   and   its  villages.     Scudder,   H.   M.   53-60,    Scudder, 

W.  W.  60-4,  Scudder,  E.  C.  64-8,  Scudder,  W.  W.  68-72,  Scudder, 
E.  C.  73-6,  Scudder,  John,  76-8,  Scudder,  J.  W.  78-92.  Masilamani. 
A.  (native),  91-7,  Scudder,  John,  93-4,  Sebastian,  S.  A.   (native), 

I897 .     (Connected  churches,  Katpadi,  1863,  Kandiputtur,  1865 

and  Sekadu,  1868.) 

4.  Arni,    1855,   and   its  villages.     Scudder,  Jos.   53-6,   Scudder,  J.   W. 

56-9,  Mayou,  Jos.  59-62,  Scudder,  S.  D.  62-3,  Scudder,  John,  63, 
Mayou,  J.  64-70,  Scudder,  E.  C.  70-6,  Scudder,  John.  76-8,  John 
Z.  (native),  78-82.  Wyckoff.  82-3,  Scudder,  John,  83-5,  Scudder, 
E.  C.  (Jr.)  85-7,  Conklin,  87-9,  Scudder,  E.  C.  (Jr.)  89-1900. 
Wyckoff,   1900-1.  Whitehead,  C.    (native),   1901 (Connected 


THE   CHURCHES. 


975 


churches:  Sathambadi,  1862,  Alliendal,  1863,  Vellambi,  1863, 
Gnanodiam,  1867  and  Maruturambadi,  1868). 

5.  Coonnoor,    1857,    and    its    villages.     Scudder,    Jos.    56-9,    Scudder, 

H.  M.  60-4,  Scudder,  S.  D.  64-5,  John  Z.  (native),  67-75,  Scudder, 
John,  75-8,  Scudder,  J.  W.  78-83,  Wyckoff,  J.  H.  83-5,  Scudder, 
John,   85-9,    Scudder,    E.    C.    (Jr.)     89-99,     Chamberlain,    Jacob, 

1899 .     (Connected    churches.    Kolagiri,    1866;    transferred    to 

another  mission,  1877.)- 

6.  Palmaner,    i860.     Scudder,    E.    C.    59-60,    Chamberlain,   Jac.    60-3, 

Scudder,  S.  D.  63-5,  Scudder,  J.  W.  66,  Chamberlain,  Jac.  66-73, 
Heeren,  E.  J.  73-7,  Chamberlain,  Jac.  78-84,  Scudder,  W.  W.  84-7, 
Chamberlain,  Jac.  87-93,  supplied,  93-8,  Thavamani  E.    (native), 


if 


7.  Gingee,    1862.     (Tindevanam    Mission).     Mayou,    Jos.   62-3,    aban- 

doned.    Revived.  1895.     Peter,  I.   (native),  1895 

8.  Sathambadi,  1862,  and  its  villages.     (Ami  Mission).     Mayou,  63-5. 

Sawyer,  A.  (native),  65-74,  Scudder,  John,  74-8,  Wyckoff,  78-84, 
Scudder,  John,  84-91.  Wyckoff,  J.  H.  91-5,  Nathaniel,  M.  (native), 

1895 Also  Scudder,  E.  C.  (Jr.)   1899-1900. 

9-  Alliendol,  1863,  and  its  villages.  (Ami  Mission).  Mayou,  66-70, 
Scudder,  John,  70-2,  Scudder,  E.  C.  72-3,  Scudder,  John,  73-9,' 
Wyckoff,  I.  H.  79-82,  Scudder,  J.  82-5,  Scudder,  E.  C.  (Jr.)  85-7,' 
Nathaniel,  M.  (native),  87-8,  Conklin,  88-9,  Nathaniel,  M.  (na- 
tive), 89-95,  Scudder,  E.  C.  (Jr.)  95-1900,  Wyckoff,  1900-1, 
Nathaniel,  M.  (native),  1901 

10.  Katpadi,    1863,    and    its    villages.     (Vellore    Mission).     Scudder, 

E.  C.  66-8,  Scudder,  W.  W.  68-73,  Scudder,  E.  C.  73-6,  Scudder, 
John,  76-8,  Scudder,  J.  W.  79,  William.  Ab.  (native),  79-91' 
Thavamani,  E.   (native),  93-6,  Thomas,  B.   (native),  1896 . 

11.  Vellambi,  1863,  and  its  villages.     (Ami  Mission).     Mayou,  66-70, 

Scudder,  John,  70-1,  Scudder,  E.  C.  72-3,  Scudder,  John,  73-7, 
John,  Zee.  (native),  77-83,  Scudder,  John.  83-5,  Scudder,  E.  C. 
(Jr.)  85-7,  Conklin,  87-9,  Scudder,  E.  C.  (Jr.)  89-1900,  Wyckoff, 
1900 

12.  Kandiputtur,   1865,  and  its  villages.     (Vellore  Mission).     Scud- 

der, E.  C.  66-8,  Scudder,  W.  W.  68-73,  Scudder,  E.  C.  73-6,  Scud- 
der,  John,   76-9,    Scudder,   Jared    W.   79-89,   Lazar,   I.    (native), 


1 1 


13.  Madanapalli,    1865,   and    its   villages.       Chamberlain,   Jac.   63-74, 

Heeren,  E.  J.  74-7.  Chamberlain,  Jac.  78-84,  Scudder,  W.  W. 
84-7,  Chamberlain,  Jac.  87-93,  also  Chamberlain,  W.  I.  89-91, 
Souri,  P.  (native),  91-7,  Souri,  J.  (native),  91 ;  also  Cham- 
berlain, L.  B.  92-7,  Joseph,  J.    (native),   1897 

14.  Gnanodiam,    1867,   and   its   villages. (Ami    Mission).     Sawyer,   A. 

(native),  67-74,  Scudder,  John,  74-8,  Wyckoff,  78-83,  Scudder, 
John,  83-5,  Scudder,  E.  C.  (Jr.)  85-7,  Nathaniel,  M.  (native) 
1887 Scudder,  E.  C.   (Jr.)  97-1000. 

15.  Marutuvambadi,    1868.     (Arni    Mission.)     Scudder,    John,     70-1, 


976  THE   CHURCHES. 

Scudder,  E.  C.  71-6.  Scudder,  John,  76-8,  Wyckoff,  78-9-  John.  Z. 
(native),  79-83,  Scudder,  John,  83-5,  Scudder,  E.  C.  (Jr.)  85-7, 
Nathaniel,  M.  (native).  87-95,  Scudder.  E.  C.  (Jr.)  95-1900, 
Wyckoff,  1900- 1.  Nathaniel,  M.  (native),  1901 

16.  Orattur,   1868,  and  its  villages.     (Tindevanam   Mission).     Scud- 

der. John,  70-1,  Scudder,  E.  C.  71-6,  Wyckoff,  76-83,  Bailey,  P. 
(native).  1883 

17.  Sekadu,    1868,    and    its    villages.        (Vellore    Mission).     Scudder, 

E.  C.  67-9,  Scudder,  W.  W.  69-72,  Scudder,  E.  C.  72-6,  Scudder, 
John,  76-8,  Scudder,  J.  W.  78-89,  Lazar,  I.   (native),  1889 

18.  KoTTAi'Ai.i.i.  1869,  and  its  villages.     (Chittoor  Mission).     Scudder, 

J.  \Y.  70-2,  Sawyer,  A.  (native),  75-85,  Conklin,  85-9,  William, 
Ab.  (native),  89-92,  Chamberlain.  W.  I.  92-5,  Thomas.  B.  (na- 
tive).  1896 

10.  Varikkal,  1869,  and  its  villages. (Tindevanam  Mission).  Scudder, 
E.  C,  75-7.  Wyckoff,  77-83,  Bailey,  P.  (native),  83-90.  Peter,  J. 
(native).    1890 

20.  Kollapakkam,    1871,    and    its    villages.     (Tindevanam    Mission). 

Wyckoff,  J.  H.  77-8^  Bailey,  P.  (native),  83-90,  Peter.  J.  (na- 
tive), 1890 

21.  Narasinganur,    1S71.    and    its    villages.     (Tindevanam    Mission). 

Wyckoff,  76-93.  Bailey,   P.    (native),   1893- 

22.  Yehamur,  1876,  and  its  villages.     (Arcot  Mission).     Nathaniel,  M. 

(native),  80-7.  Hekhuis,  87-8,  Scudder.  J.  W.  88-9,  Scudder,  E.  C. 
(Jr.)  89-90,  Muni,  Ab.  (native),  1890 

23.  Tindevanam,   1876.     (An  outstation  of  Ami,  1868-75).     Wyckoff, 

76-85,  Scudder,  John.  85-92,  Wyckoff,  92-1901,  Peter.  M.  (na- 
tive). 1898 

Connected    churches:      Orattur,    1868,    Varikkal,    1869,    Kolla- 
pakkam.    1871,    Narasinganur,    1871,    Velleripctti,    1877.    Gingee 
1862  and  1895. 
-•4.   Velleripettt,     1877.    and    its    villages.         (Tindevanam     Mission). 

Bailey,  P.  (native),  1883 

Ordained  Missionaries  in  the  Arcot  Mission:     John   Scudder,   1853-5, 
Henry  M.  Scudder,  1853-64,  Wm.  W.  Scudder,  1853-94,  Joseph  Scudder, 

[853-60,  Jared  W.  Scudder,  1855 ,  Ezekiel  C.  Scudder.  1855-76,  Joseph 

Mayou,   1858-70,  Jacob  Chamberlain.  1859 ,   Silas  D.  Scudder,   1860-74, 

John  Scudder,  1861-1900,  Enne  J.  Heeren,  1872-7,  John  H.  Wyckoff.  1874- 

86.  Henry  M.  Scudder.  Jr.   1876-82,  John  W.  Conklin,  1880 .  Lambertus 

Hekhuis,   1881-8,  Ezekiel  C.  Scudder,  Jr.  1882-1000,  Wm.  I.  Chamberlain, 

iW7 ,    Lewis   R.    Scudder,    1888 ,   Lewis   B.   Chamberlain,    1891 , 

John   II.  Wyckoff   (2nd  time).   1892 .  Jas.  A.  Beattie,  1894 .  Henry 

lluizinga,    1896-9.    Henry   J.    Scudder,    (2nd    time),    1897 ,    Walter    T. 

Scudder.  1899 

Ordained  or  Licensed   Native    Preachers:     Andrew   Sawyer,   1859-86, 

Zechariah  John,   1867 .  Abram  William,   1879 .  Meshach  Nathaniel, 

T88o ,    Paul    Bailey,    [883  — ,   J.    Yesuratnam,    1886 ,    Isaac   Lazar, 

I8So .  Abram  Muni.  1890,  J.  Peter.  1890 .  P.  Souri,  1891-8,  J.  Souri, 


THE   CHURCHES.  977 

1891 ,    A.    Massilamani,    1891 ,    Paul    Aiyavu,    1892 ,    Shadrach 

Chelam,    1892 ,    Elia    M.     Nathaniel,     1892 ,     Samuel     Sautosham, 

1892 ,     Joshua     Shelvam,     1892 ,    Erskine   Tavamani,    1892 ,    J. 

Yesuratnam,  1892 ,  Nathaniel  Jotinayakam,  1893 ,  S.  Vedanayakam, 

(died  while  in  Seminary,  1892),  Mashach  Peter,  1895 ,  Moses  Sundram, 

1895 ,  John  Wilkins,  1895 ,  Japamani  Aaron,  1896 ,  Simeon  Cor- 
nelius,  1896 ,  John  Daniel,  1896 ,   Solomon  Jacob,   1896 ,  David 

Muni,  1896 ,  Benjamin  Thomas,  1896 ,  Cephas  Whitehead,  1896 

J.  I.  David,  1898 ,  Joseph  John,    1898 ,   Samuel  Thomas,  1898 

J.  P.  Timothy,  1898 ,  Joseph  Paul  Bailey,   1899 ,  Edward  Bedford 

1899 ,  A.  Isaac,   1899 ,  John  Kay,   1899 ,  D.  Lazarus,   1899 

Joseph  Asirvatham,  1900 ,  Moses  Joshua,  1900 ,  P.  Kadivelu,  1900 

C.  Iyakkam,   1900 ,  S.  Sigamani,   1901 

Note. — While  this  work  was  going  through  the  press,  this  wonderfully 
successful  Classis  of  Arcct,  as  above  exhibited,  (see  also  pages  256-265  of 
this  work),  and  which  had  been  an  integral  part  of  the  Reformed  Church 
in  America  for  half  a  century,  was,  in  June,  1902,  for  the  sake  of  Church 
Union  on  the  Foreign  Field,  formally  transferred  by  the  General  Synod, 
to  the  Synod  of  South  India,  of  the  South  Indian  United  Church.  This 
Synod  was  provisionally  constituted  on  Oct.  21,  1901. 
Indian  Castle,    (Danube,)    Herkimer  Co.   N.Y.   1772.     Ketchum,  Miss,   to, 

1823. 
Indian  Castle,  Herkimer  Co.  N.Y.  1861.     Stanbrough,   1861-76. 
Indians,   American,   Miss,  to,   Megapolensis,  J.     1642-9,   Freeman,    1700-5, 

Lydius,    1702-9,    (Barclay,    Epis.,    1709-10,)    Dellius,    1683-99.     "Amst. 

Cor."  many  allusions;  ''Anderson's  Hist.  Col.  Church,"  3  vols.     "Doc. 

Hist.  N.  Y."  i.  269;  iii.  19,  20,  538,  540,  541,  542.  551-2,  561-2,  566,  613- 

621,    628,    697.     See    also    Oklahoma;    Colony;    Columbian    Memorial 

church,  and  Fort  Sill  Apache  Mission. 
Irving  Park,  1874,  see  Chicago,  111. 
Irvington,  (Clintonville,  Camptown,)  Essex  Co.  N.J.  1840.     Staats,  J.  A. 

40-1,   Chapman,   J.   L.   42-9,   Bruen,  J.    M.   50-2,   Taylor,   A.   B.   52-5, 

McKelvey,    A.    58-60,    Vehslage,    61-94,    Chrestensen,    94-6,    Wyckoff, 

C.  E.  96-1901,  Lawrence,  C.  L.  1902 ■ 

Itamarca,    1635,   see   Brazil,    S.A. 

Ithaca,  Tompkins  Co.  N.Y.  1830.     Mann,  31-7,  Hoes,  37-45,  Henry,  46-9, 

Bulkley,   51-2,    Elmendorf,  J.    53-5,    Schenck,  J.   W.   55-63,   Zabriskie, 

F.  N.  63-6,  Strong,  T.  C.  66-71.     (Became  Congregational,  1872.  Tyler, 

Chs.  M!.  72-91,  Blackman,  Wm.  F.  91-3,  Griffis,  W.  E.  1893 ) 

Jamaica,  1702.     See  N.  Y.  C,  borough  of  Queens. 

Jamestown,  Forest  Grove,  Ottawa  Co.  Mich.  1869.     Vandermeulen,  John, 

75-85,  Wormser,  Wm.  87-9,  John,  C.  C.  A.  L.  91-2,  Lammers,  1892 • 

Jamestown,   2nd,    1889.     Poppen,    94-5,    Schilstra,    E.    S.    95-9,    Boer,    N. 

iqoo 

Jamesville,  Onondaga  Co.   N.Y.    1834.     Evans,  E.    1836,  Amerman,  T.  A. 

1839-40. 

Japan,  churches  and  stations  in : 

1.  Kanagawa,    (station),  1859.     Brown,  59-63,  Ballagh,  61-3. 


978 


THE   CHURCHES. 


2.  Nagasaki,    (station),    1859.     Verbeck,    59-69,    Stout,   69-76.     Wolff, 

75-6. 

3.  Yokohama,    1863.     (Church   organized    for    foreign    residents.     At 

first  considered  a  Reformed  Church,  but  came  to  be  undenomi- 
national.) Supplied  by  the  missionaries:  Brown,  63-9,  Ballagh, 
63-77,  Wolff,  71,  Miller,  75-8,  Amerman,  76,  etc. 

Christian   services  were  first  begun  in  the  Japanese  language, 
in  private  houses,  in  Aug.  1866. 

4.  Yedo    or    Tokyo.    1869.     Imperial    University.     Verbeck,    president, 

1869 

5.  Xiigata,    1869.     Government    School.        Brown,    1869-70,    when    this 

school  removed  to  Tokyo. 

6.  Yokohama,    the    Kaigan    Church,    1872.        (The    first    Japanese 

church).     Ballagh,  1872-7. 

7.  Uyeda,  Shinshiu,  1876. 

8.  Nagasaki,  1876. 

9.  Kojimachi,  Tokio,  1877. 

the  united  church  of  christ  in  japan. 
On  Oct.  3,  1877,  the  American  Presbyterian  Mission,  consisting  of  six 
American  ministers  and  two  Japanese  ministers;  the  American  Reformed 
Mission,  consisting  of  six  American  ministers  and  one  Japanese  minister; 
and  the  United  Presbyterian  Mission  of  Scotland,  with  three  ministers; 
together  with  physicians,  students  and  others,  joined  their  forces  and  con- 
stituted "The  United  Church  of  Christ  in  Japan."  The  following  table 
exhibits  the  statistics  of  the  churches  for  1877: 


S-. 

5 

1872 
1873 

1874 

1871 

Rec'd. 

y. 

■'. 

16 

79 

1 
2 

0 

5 

1 

1 
1 

"8 
a) 

4 

2 

1 

ss 

H    '-' 

So 

126 

120 

60 

Sit 
29 
35 
15 
18 
12 
25 
32 
43 
27 

17 
648 

Bap. 

."S 
=.- 

14 

19 

5 

6 
4 
2 
2 
3 
6 
2 

I" 

3 

7 

4 

4 
1 
2 
1 
1 
3 
2 

of 
5 
35 

v; 

2 

3 

1 
1 

1 
1 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

d 

<  g 

£~ 

<  - 

150 

110 

120 
75 
35 

30 
15 
20 
50 
15 
2.") 
3d 

0 

tfami  s  of  i  'ongrt  gations. 

1} 

38 

55 

23 
33 
2 

■-  s 

5 

1 

7 

1 

OS 

38 

55 

23 

33 

2 

4 

2 
2 

1 

1.  No.  167.  Yokohama* 

2.  Shinsakai     Baslii,    To- 

kio+ 

$155 

540 

3.  Samiyosha  Cho,  N  oko 

32 

4.  Shiba,  Tokio1- 

71  52 

1875 

20 

6.  Uyeda,  Shinshiu*          1876 

1 

80 

7.  N  u;asaki* 1876 

3 
3 

12 
11 

"4 
19 

is 
221 

3 
3 
12 

11 

1 
6 

2 

s-  Shinagawa,  Tokiot  1877 

15  50 

9.  Omori,  Shimnsat . .  .        1  s 7 7 

14 
33 
39 

11.  Asaknsa,  Tokiot 1877 

1 

50 

12.  Ushigome,  Tokiot.   ...  1877 

4 
19 

17 
220 

5 

1 

:; 

26 

5 
1 

3 

.V.i 

"3 

2 
33 

20 

13.  Riyogoku,  Tokiol 

1S77 

2 
5 

14.  Pukide     Cho,     Tokiot 

(Not  yet  formally  or- 

1 
10 

1 

16 

10 

100 

99 

twr, 

3984  02 

Note, — Congregations  organized  in  connection  with  the  American  Reformed  Mission 
are  marked  *.  with  the  American  Presbyterian  Mis-ion',  and  with  the  United  Presby- 
terian M  ission  of  Scotland  ;..  No.  10  is  an  offshoot  from  No.  1,  and  Nos.  11  and  12  from 
No.  2. 


THE   CHURCHES.  979 

See  pages  265-277  of  this  work. 

It  does  not  seem  practicable  to  give  the  pastors  or  supplies  to  each 
church,  with  the  dates,  as  was  done  in  the  case  of  India  and  China,  partly 
owing  to  the  particular  character  of  the  United  Church. 

Ordained  Missionaries   in  the  Japan  Mission  :     Samuel  R.   Brown, 

1859-79;  Guido  F.  Verbeck,  1859-98;  James  H.  Ballagh,  1861 ,  Henry 

Stout,  1869 ,  C.  H.  H.  Wolff,  1871-6,  E.  Rothsay  Miller,  1875 ,  Jas. 

L.  Amerman,  1876-93.  Eugene  S.  Booth,  1879 ,  N.  H.  Demarest,  1883- 

90,   Howard   Harris,    1884 ,    Albert    Oltmans,     1886 ,     A.     Pieters, 

1891 ,  H.  V.  S.  Peeke,  1893 ,  Jacob  Poppen,  1896-8,  Frank  S.  Scud- 

der,   1897 ,  C.  M.  Myers,  1899 

It  does  not  seem  practicable  to  give  a  list  of  Japanese  ministers,  as,  with 
the  exception  of  a  very  few,  at  first,  they  do  not  belong  distinctively  to 
the  Reformed  Church  Mission. 

Java,  see  India. 

Jay  Gould  Memorial,  1893,  see  Roxbury,  N.Y. 

Jefferson,  Hillsdale  Co.  Mich.  1851.     Heermance,  Har.  1851-7,  Evans,  Chs. 

A.  1857-8,  Vermilye,  D.   1863-6. 
Jeffersonville,    Sullivan    Co.    N.Y.    1852.       Wolf,    1853-4,    Hones,    1854-8, 

Riedel,  1858-61,  Boehrer,  1862-6. 
Jeniks,  (CI.  of  Albany,)   1794.     "M.  G.  S."  i.  p.  256,  mentioned. 
Jericho,  L.I.    1874.     Supplied  by  Talmage,   D.  June-Sept.    1876,   DeVries, 

1876-7.     United  with  Oyster  Bay. 

Jersey  City,  Hudson  Co.  N.J.  churches  in: 

1.  Bergen,  (Bergen  Av.)  1660;  supplied  by  ministers  from  New  York, 

S.I.  and  L.I.  1662-1749;  (DeWint,  1749-51,)  Jackson,  W.  1757-89, 
Cornelison,    1793-1828,    Taylor,    B.    C.    28-81.     Associate   pastors, 

Amerman,  71-6,  Brett,  C.   1876 .       See  "Taylor's  Annals   CI. 

Bergen";  "Taylor's  Disc,  at  200th  Anniv.";  "Manual  of  Ch.  of 
Bergen";  "Hon.  Chs.  Winfield's  Hist.  Hudson  Co.,"  containing 
marriage  and  baptismal  records  of  Bergen  Church. 

2.  Bayonne  ist,  1829,    (formerly  Bergen  Neck.)     Boice,  I.  C.  29-44, 

Romeyn,  J.  44-50,  Dutcher,  50-4,  Stillwell,  54-64,  Wells,  T.  W. 
65-73,  Stitt,  C.  H.  74-80,  Knox.  W.  W.  81-93,  Jones,  C.  H.  94-9, 
Boocock,  W.  H.  1899 .     See  "Taylor's  Annals." 

3.  Jersey  City    ist.     (Presbyt.   1825-30).     1830,   (Grand  St.)   Ostran- 

der,  S.,  Miss,  to,  22,  Meeker,  May-Oct.  30,  Talmage,  J.  R.  30-3, 
Lusk,  33-48,  Yates,  J.  A.  called,  1849,  died;  Lord,  D.  50-1;  sup- 
plied by  Henry,  51,  McClure,  A.  52-5,  Riddle,  D.  H.  57-62,  Scud- 
der,  H.  M.  64-5,  Peeke,  G.  65-9,  Halloway,  W.  71-6,  (S.S.  Wes- 
terfield,  1877-86,  united  with  Wayne  st.  church.) 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Classis  of  Bergen  Ap.  28,  1807,  Revs.  Cor- 
nelison and  Stryker  presented  that  the  inhabitants  of  the  City  of 
Jersey,  formerly  Paulus  Hook,  were  desirous  of  a  church;  and 
that  the  Associates  of  the  Jersey  Co.  offered  to  give  land  on  the 
south  side  of  Grand  st.  if  they  will  erect  a  church  50  ft.  sq.  within 
two  years.     The  Classis  appointed  Revs.  Cornelison  and  Stryker 


980  THE   CHURCHES. 

to  organize  a  church  in  said  city,  &c,  and  supplies  were  ap- 
pointed.— But  in  April  1808,  the  Committee  reported  that  it  was 
impracticable,  owing  to  a  lack  of  a  sufficient  number  of  members 
in  the  vicinity.  The  Associate  Co.  offered  to  prolong  the  time 
and  give  $250  a  year  toward  the  support  of  a  minister  there. 

4.  Wayne  St.  (Van  Voorst,  or  Jersey  City  2nd)  1846.    Taylor,  W.  J. 

R.  1846-9,  Van  Cleef,  P.  D.    1849 ,  Wick,  90-8,  Brown,  J.  A. 

1899 

5.  Jersey  City  3D,   (Hamilton  Square,)   1852.     Ostrander,  S.,  Miss,  to 

Harsimus,  22,  Taylor,  W.  J.  R.  52-4,  Strong,  J.  P.  54-6,  Selden, 
57,  Wells,  C.  L.  58-62,  Berry,  J.  R.  63-8,  Suydam,  68-90.  Griffin, 
W.  T.  91-2,  Morgan,  1892 

6.  Hudson  City,  1853.     Lloyd,  A..  Miss,  to,  53-5,  King,  F.  L.  55-7. 

7.  Bergen  Point,    (Bayonne  2d,)    1854.     Dutcher,  54-7,  Parker,  Chas. 

57-60,  Jones,  H.  W.  F.  60-84,  Riggs,  J.  F.  84-92,  Inglis,  T.  E. 
92-7,  Krom,  A.  E.  1898 

8.  Jersey    City,    4th    (Ger.)    1856.     Doeppenschmidt,    1856-64,    Meyer, 

Karl,  Miss,  to,  1864-6. 

9.  Hudson  City   2nd  (Ger.)   Hudson  Av.  1859.     Doeppenschmidt,  64- 

85,  Girtanner,  78-82,  Meury,  E.  A.  1883 

10.  La  Fayette,  Communipaw  Av.  1863.     Duryee,  W.  R.  1864-91,  Kom- 

mers,  1891 

11.  West  End,  Marion,   1868.     Shaw,  A.,  Miss,  to,  69-72,  Van  Doren, 

W.  H.  71-8. 

12.  Greenville,  Ocean  Av.  1871.     Young,  A.  H.  72-80,  Pockman,  81-6, 

Bruce,  W.  P.  87-95,  Allen,  C.  J.  96-1900,  Mohn,  O.  L.  F.  1902 • 

13.  Jersey  City,  Free,  Morgan  st.  until   1886;  Grand  st.   1872.     Park, 

A.  J.  72-8,  Mattice,  H.  79-88,  Zabriskie,  A.  A.  87-90,  Gist,  91-5, 
Cussler,  96-1901, 

14.  Bayonne    3rd  (Ger.)   1872.     Elterich,  75-80,  Klein,  C.  F.  A.   (S.S.) 

82-5,  Andrese,  (S.S.)  86-92,  Muller,  M.  94-7,  Franzen,  1897 ■ 

15.  Jersey  City  Heights,  Central  Av.  1872.    Wolfe,  G.  L.  73-4,  Mat- 

thews, A.  75,  Griffin,  W.  T.  78-81,  Handy,  71.  Wright.  C.  S. 
1871 

16.  South    Bergen,    1874.     Brokaw,    I.    P.    74-9,       Cox,    H.    M.    79-82, 

Vaughan,  Wm.  83-8,  Grant,  W.  D.  89-96. — Church  united  with  the 
Congregational  Church  of  Jersey  City. 

17.  German   Evangelical    1st    (Mercer   st.)        1882.       Staehli    83-91, 

Muller,  M.  93-4,  Fisher  (or  Fiecke)  Julius,  95,  Heiniger,  96-1900. 

18.  St.     Johns,     Evangelical,     (Ger.)    Fairview    Av.    1883.        Andrese, 

1883 .    See  "Taylor's  Annals  of  Classis  of  Bergen";  and  "Van 

Cleef's  Anniversary  Sermons";  and  "Winfield's  History  of  Hud- 
son Co.  N.J." 

JERUSALEM,  (Feura  Bush,)  Albany  Co.  N.Y.  1791.  Van  Huysen,  1793- 
1824,  Kissam,  28-41,  Van  Santvoord,  S.  45-57,  Compton,  54-60,  Gulick 
A.  V.  60-5,  Millspaugh.  66-72,  Vedder,  E.  73-85,  Scarlett,  J.  H.  86-93, 
Beekman,  T.  A.  93-1902. 


THE   CHURCHES.  9°* 

This  church  divided  in  1825  into  the  chs.  of  Jerusalem  and  Union.     See 
Union. 
Johnsborough,    (Johnsburgh?)   Warren  Co.  N.Y.   1819.     Center,  Miss,  to, 

1823. 
Johnstown,  Montgomery  Co.  N.Y.    (Western  allotment  of  Kingsborough, 

see    Caughnawaga.)     1816.     Amerman,    17-21,    Van   Vechten,    I.   23-4, 

Van  Olinda,  Miss,  to,  24,  Stryker,  H.  B.,  Miss,  to,  30.— "Doc.  Hist." 

iii.  686,  696. 
Johnstozvn,  Secession,   1822.     Independent.     Amerman,  A.  21-43,   Wester- 

velt,  J.  P.  45-55- 
Johnstown,  Columbia  Co.  N.Y.,  see  Linlithgo. 

Johnstown,  Fulton  Co.  N.Y.  1894.    Van  Burk,  1895 

Kaatsbaan,  see  Katsbaan,  N.Y. 

Kakiat,  now  West  New  Hempsted  and  Clarkstown,  N.Y. 

Kalamazoo,  Kalamazoo  Co.  Mich. ;  churches  in : 

1.  Kalamazoo,  1st,  1851.     Gardenier,  55,  Klyn,  56-62,  Vander  Meulen, 

64-8,   Kriekaard,   68-76,   Te  Winkle,   76-82,   Dosker,   N.   H.  83-7, 
Kolyn,  88-93,  Stapelkamp,  1894 

2.  Kalamazoo,  2nd,  1885,  Vennema,  A.  86-9,  Streng,  90-2,  Moerdyk, 

Wm.  92-4,  Vander  Meulen,  John,  96-9,  Blekkink,  1899 

3.  Kalamazoo,   3d    1889.     Duiker,    R.   90-2,    Strabbing,   92-6,    Siegers, 

97-9,  Warnshuis,  J.  W.  99"I90i,  Douwstra,  H.  1902 

4.  Kalamazoo,   4th   1892.    John,   C.    C.   A.   L.   93-6,   Luxen,   96-1900, 

Heines,   1900 

Kalamazoo,  see  Twin  Lakes. 
Kamp,  see  Camp. 

Kampen,  Westover,  Somerset  Co.  Md.  1900. 
Kanagawa  Station,  1859,  see  Japan. 
Kandiputtur,  see  India. 

Karr  Valley,  Almond,  Alleghany  Co.  N.Y.  1797.     Gray,  1797-1819. 
Katpadi,  see  India. 

Katsbaan,  Ulster  Co.  N.Y.  1710.  (See  Camp,  West  Camp,  Kaatsbaan 
and  Caatsban,  and  Saugerties.)  Kocherthal,  1710-19,  Haeger,  J.  F. 
1710-21,  Ehle,  (Oehl,)  1720-27,  Falckner,  Daniel  F.  1724-?,  Bercken- 
meyer,  W.  C.  1721-9,  Mancius,  pastor,  1/30-62,  supplied  by  Schune- 
man,  Westerlo  and  Doll,  1762-80,  De  Ronde,  1780-6,  supplied  by 
Schuneman  and  Doll,  1786-93,  Van  Vlierden,  1793-1804,  Demarest, 
James  D.  1808-9,  Ostrander,  H.  12-62,  Collier,  I.  H.  62-4,  Chapman, 

N.  F.  64-73,  Searle,  Stephen,  73-85,  Sebring,  A.  J.  1885 

The  colony  of  Palatines,  which  came  to  West  Camp  in  Oct.  1710,  imme- 
diately erected  a  house  of  worship  there  for  the  use  of  the  colony,  both 
of  the  Lutheran  and  Reformed  faiths.  Upon  the  release  of  the  colonists 
in  1712  from  their  contract  to  the  British  Government,  they  began  to  seek 
out  homes  for  themselves.  There  was  some  dispute  to  the  title  of  the  lands 
at  West  Camp.  So  the  colonists  took  up  farms  a  mile  or  two  west  at  the 
Kats  Baan,  and  here  Mancius  found  most  of  them  in  1730,  and  they  were 
worshipping  there.     During  the  entire  ministry  of  Mancius,  of  thirty-two 


982  1  HE   CHURCHES. 

years,  the  West  Camp  church  seems  to  have  heen  closed,  and  those  of 
each  faith  united  in  religious  services  at  Katsbaan.  When  Mancius  died 
the  Lutheran  Church  at  West  Camp  was  reorganized. 

Strictly  speaking,  the  present  Katsbaan  Church  was  organized  in  1839.  It 
was  first  incorporated  as  the  Church  of  Kaatsbaan,  in  the  town  of  Kingston. 
In  1826  it  was  re-incorporated  as  the  Church  in  the  town  of  Saugerties, 
and  had  ecclesiastical  oversight  over  Saugerties  village,  Plattekill,  and 
Blue  Mountain,  where  weekly  or  monthly  services  were  maintained.  In 
1831  the  present  village  of  Saugerties  was  constituted  and  incorporated 
as  the  village  of  Ulster,  and  a  determined  and  prolonged  effort  was  made 
to  get  rid  of  the  name  of  Saugerties  for  the  locality.  The  elements  that 
built  up  the  manufacturing  interests  of  the  new  village  were  not  in  sym- 
pathy with  the  genius  of  the  Reformed  Church.  When  early  efforts  were 
made  for  a  church  at  Saugerties  the  Dutch  element  in  the  village  refused  to 
join,  and  the  application  was  not  granted.  These  efforts  continued  until 
1839,  when,  to  heal  the  rising  feeling  over  such  refusals,  and  to  preserve 
the  proposed  organization  to  the  Reformed  Church,  Katsbaan  was  pre- 
vailed upon  to  apply  for  the  new  organization.  This  was  granted,  and  the 
Dutch  element  about  Saugerties  was  left  in  the  old  organization  there,  to 
prevent  any  such  movement. 

The  effort  to  have  Saugerties  called  Ulster  continued  for  twenty-four 
years,  but  failed,  and  the  village  of  Ulster  was  re-incorporated  as  Sau- 
gerties in  1855.  Thus  the  church  of  Saugerties  is  the  old  organization  in 
law,  while  Katsbaan  is  such  in  history  and  in  fact. 

Kattapali,   1869,  see  India. 

Kenosha,  Kenosha  Co.  Wis.  1896. 

Keokuk,  Lee  Co.  Iowa,  1863.  Baay,  Miss,  to,  60-2,  pastor,  62-5,  dis- 
banded. 

Kekik.xksex,  (Middleport,)  Ulster  Co.  N.Y.  1853.  De  Puy,  56,  Jones, 
N.  W.  56-60,  Van  Vleck,  J.  62-4,  Du  Bois.  J.  66-74,  Crolius,  75-9,  Dar- 
rach,  85-6,  Van  Oostenbrugge,  92-1900. 

Kewascum,  Wis.  (station.)  Mattice,  Miss,  to,  1862-4,  Wilson,  C.  D.,  Miss, 
to,  64-7. 

Kevport,  Monmouth  Co.,  NJ.  1847.  Chapman,  N.  F.,  Miss,  to,  48-9, 
.Minor,  Miss,  to,  50-1,  Searle,  J.,  Miss,  to,  51-3,  Lockwood,  54-68, 
Zabriskie,  A.  A.  69-72,  Mead,  E.  73-90,  Schock,  92-7,  Green,  E.  W. 
98-1901,  Decker,  F.  1901 

Kinderhook,  Columbia  Co.  N.Y.  1712.  A  preaching  station  of  Albany, 
1700-12.  Van  Driessen.  P.  supplied,  1712-27,  also  Ehle,  1720-..,  Van 
Driessen,  J.  1727-35,  supplied  by  Van  Driessen,  P.,  Van  Schie,  and  Fre- 
linghuysen,  T.  1735-56,  Frelinghuysen,  F.  called,  1753,  but  died;  Fryen- 
moet,  1756-77,  (Ritzema,  1778-88,)  Labagh,  I.  1789-1801,  Sickles,  1801- 
35,  Van  Aken,  34-5.  Heermance,  Henry,  35-7,  Vandervoort,  37-42,  Van 
Zandt,  B.  42-52^-Bronson,  54-7.   Berry,  J.  R.  57-63,  Collier,  Edward, 

1864 — iQdYc^^^  > 

See  "Collier's' Hallowed  House."     "Doc.  Hist."  i.  243,  ni.  538. 
Kinderhook  2d,  1833.     Cushing,  1833-4.     Became  Presbyt.  Ch.  of  Valatie. 


THE   CHURCHES.  9^3 

Kings  Co.,  L.I.  1654.  A  general  name  embracing  the  collegiate  charges  of 
Brooklyn,  Flatlands,  Bushwick,  New  Utrecht,  Flatbush,  and,  at  times, 
Gravesend.  In  1808.  the  collegiate  relation  was  partly  dissolved.— 
"Doc.  Hist."  i.  426,  429;  iii.  75,  87-116.  "Smith's  N.  Y."  316.  "Strong's 
Flatbush." 

Kingsberg,  probably  an  error  for  Kingsberry,  N.Y. 

Kingsberry  (Kingsbury?)  Dutchess  Co.  N.Y.  1715.  This  place  was  prac- 
tically the  same  as  East  Camp  and  Germantown,  although  it  was 
probably  a  couple  of  miles  south  of  Germantown.  "Doc.  Hist.  N.Y." 
iii.  413,  421;  "Col.  Docs.  N.  Y."  v.  215,  515.  In  Oct.  1715,  Haeger 
petitioned  Gov.  Hunter,  and  received  permission  to  build  a  church 
(Episcopal)  here,  for  the  60  Palatine  families.  "N.  Y.  Col.  MSS.," 
lx.  41. 

Kingsborough,  Western  allotment  of,  afterward  Johnstown,  Montgomery 
Co.  N.Y. 

Kingston,  Ulster  Co.  N.Y.,  churches  in : 

1.  Kingston,    (Esopus),    1st,    1659.     Blom,    1660-7,    Tesschenmaeker, 

(S.S.)  1675-6,  again,  Ap.-Sept.  1678,  Van  Gaasbeek,  1678-80, 
Weekstein,  1681-7,  Vandenbosch,  1687-9,  Nucella,  1695-1704,  Beys, 
1706-8,  Vas,  1710-56,  Mancius,  1732-62,  Meyer,  H.  1763-72,  Doll, 
1775-1808,    Gosman,    1808-35,    Lillie,   36-41,    Van   Wagenen,    41-4, 

Hoes,  45-67,  Van  Derveer,  67-76,  Van  Slyke,  J.  G.  1876 

Church  incorporated,  1719.  English  preaching  began  with  Gos- 
man.—See  "Amst.  Cor."  "Doc.  Hist."  iii.  51,  71,  77,  581-7,  599- 
"Col.  Hist."  ii.  592.  "Mag.  R.D.C."  i.  190;  iii.  55-  "Gordon's 
Life  of  Ostrander,"  45-53,  69.  "Smith's  N.Y.,"  308.  "Du  Bois' 
Reunion,"  p.  47.  Stitt's  "Our  New  City";  "Schoonmaker's  Hist, 
of  Kingston."  Gov.  Cornbury  made  an  attempt  to  foist  Rev. 
Mr.  Hepburn  (Episcopalian)  on  this  church  in  1704,  but  without 
success.  See  page  96,  of  this  work,  and  documents  now  in 
course  of  publication  by  the  State  of  N.Y. 

2.  Kingston,  (Ger.)  1770.     Gross,  1773-83-     See  Dubbs,  258. 

3.  Kingston  2d,  Fair  st.  1849.     Smuller,  49-53,  Du  Bois,  A.  54-9,  Col- 

lier, Jos.  59-64,  Stitt,  65-74,  Demarest,  Jas.  (Jr.)  74-82,  Noyes, 
83-94,  Oakes,  94-8,  Seeley,  F.  B.  1898 

4.  Church  of  the  Comforter,  Wiltwick,  1863.     As  a  Station,  supplied 

by  Fort,  54-60,  by  Shaw,  W.  A.  60-4:  pastors:  Shaw,  64-72, 
Westveer,  72-4,  Talmage,  Jas.  R.  74"9,  Shaw,  W.  A.  (S.S.)  79-91, 
Winne,  1891-1902. 

Kiskatom,  Greene  Co.  N.Y.  (In  union  with  Leeds,  1833-42.)  1842.  Van 
Liew,  J.  C.  1833-4,  Hoff,  35-42,  Lyall,  43-7,  See,  J.  L.  47-50,  Compton, 
51-4,  Eckel,  54-5,  Case,  57-60,  Rockwell,  Chs.  60-8,  See,  W.  G.  E.  68-73, 
Deyo,  73-6,  Van  Fleet,  76-9,  Van  Neste,  G.  J.  79-87,  Williams,  D.  F. 
87-8,  Rhinehart,  89-91,  Ward,  W.  D.  1893 

Kistigirene,  another  name,  or  an  error,  for  Niskayuna,  "M.G.S."  i.  255. 

Kleinville,  1809,  see  Canada. 

Kleyn  Esopus,  now  Esopus. 


p84  the  churches. 

Knowlton,  Warren  Co.  N.J.  17...  Chitara,  1787-92,  Wack,  C.  supplied, 
1792-1809,  Wack,  J.  J.  also  supplied,  1798-1805.  Reorganized,  1814?  as 
R.D.C.     (Presbyterian,  Talmage,  Jehiel,  1816-43.) 

Knox,  Albany  Co.  N.Y.  1841.  Knieskern,  41-5,  Lane,  57-6o,  Comfort, 
60-3,  Vedder,  63-8,  Ballagh,  W.  H.  68-77,  Slocum,  79-83,  Parsons,  85- 
93,  Lockwood,  H.  1894-1901. 

Knox,  see  Berne  2nd,  and  Beaverdam,  N.Y. 

Kolapakkam,  see  India. 

Kolongsoo,  1842,  see  China. 

Koster,  Wichert,  Kankagee  Co.  111.  1893.  Vandenbosch,  T.  99-1900,  Van 
der  Werf,  1901 

Kottapalli,  see  India. 

Kreischersville,  1881,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Richmond. 

Kripplebush,  1876,  see  Lyonsville,  N.Y. 

Krum,  same  as  Hillsdale. 

Krumville,  (Samsonville,)  Ulster  Co.  N.Y.  1851.  Taylor,  W.  51-2,  Har- 
low, 52-8,  Markle,  58-61,  Deyo,  68-70,  Deyo,  1876-93,  supplied,  93 

Kudipattur,  1866,  see  India. 

LaFayette,  1863,  see  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

La  Fayette,  Tippecanoe  Co.  Ind.  1888.  Kriekaard,  C.  88-92,  Menning, 
93-5,  Van  der  Werf,  95-7,  Heines,  97-8,  Lubbers,  99-1901. 

La  Grace,  Campbell  Co.  S.D.  1885.     See  Hope. 

La  Grace,  Campbell  Co.  S.D.  1886.     See  Van  Raalte. 

Lake  Shore,  1898,  see  Gelderland,  Holland,  Mich. 

Lakeville,  same  as  Success,  N.Y. 

Lansing,   (station.)     Demarest,  Jas.   (Sr.)  Miss,  to,  1848. 

Lansing,  Cook  Co.  111.  1875.  Lubeck,  83-5,  Dunnewold,  87-94,  Luxen, 
95-6,  Swart,  1897 

Lansingburgh,  Rensselaer  Co.  N.Y.  1774.  Lupton,  1788-92.  Called  also 
Stone  Arabia,  but  not  to  be  confounded  with  the  place  now  known  by 
that  name.  Became  extinct  about  1800.  Later  a  Presbyterian  Ch.  was 
organized. 

Laurel  Hill,  (Long  Is.  City,)  see  N.Y.C.  borough  of  Queens. 

Lawyersville,  (New  Rhinebeck,)  Schoharie  Co.  N.Y.  1788.  Bork,  1796-8, 
Labagh,  I.  1803-11,  Jones,  N.  16-20.  Labagh,  I.  23-7,  Raymond,  29-32, 
Bassler,  33-8,  Lockhead,  39"43,  Spaulding,  46-52,  Hall,  D.  B.  (S.S.) 
53-5,  Raymond,  56-64,  Van  Woert,  67-71,  Markle,  72-5,  Ries,  75-8, 
Davis,  W.  P.  79-84,  Fagg,  85-7,  Blekkink,  88-94,  Rockefeller,  96-8, 
Caton,  98-1901,  Ficken,  1902 

Lebanon,  (Ger.  Ref.)  (Rockaway.)  1740.  Wurts,  1750-62,  Kails,  1757-9. 
Dallickcr,  1770-82,  Wack,  C.  1782-1809.  (R.D.C.  1813.)  Schultz,  1816- 
34,  Wack,  C.  P.  35-40,  Van  Amburgh,  40-8,  Steele,  J.  48-53,  Van  Am- 
burgh,  53-69,  Van  Benschoten,  69-72,  Campbell,  J.  B.  73-6,  Roe,  S.  W. 
76-83,  Davis,  W.  E.  1883 

Leeds,  (Catskill,  Madison,)  Greene  Co.  N.Y.  1732.  Weiss,  1731-6,  Schune- 
man,  1753-94,  Labagh,  1798-1809,  Ostrander,  H.  1810-12,  Wynkoop, 
P.  S.  14-17,  Wyckoff,  I.  N.  17-34.  Van  Liew.  J.  C.  32-3,  Hoff.  35-42, 
Romeyn,  Jas.  42-4,  Betts,  45-50,  Minor,  51-6,  Searle,  S.  T.  57-69,  Van 


THE  CHURCHES.  9^0 

Zandt,    B.    69-78,   Wood,   C.    W.    (S.S.)    78-9,   Ditmars,    C.    P.   79-83, 

Sebring,  E.  N.  84-9,  Perlee,  91-9,  Randolph,  1900 .     See  "Ch.  Int.," 

Jan.  20,  1876,  for  Van  Orden's  sketch  of  Ch.  of  Catskill. 
Leeds  was  reorganized  in  conjunction   with  Kiskatom  in   1833,  but  in 

1843,  each  was  organized  separately. 

Leighton,   1890,   see  Ebenezer,  la. 

Le  Mars,  Sioux  Co.  la.  1889.  Dangremond,  G.  89-92,  Ziegler,  92-4,  Men- 
ning,  95-7,   Dykhuizen,    1898 

Lennox,  1st,  (Chancellorville),  Lincoln  Co.  S.D.  1883.  Weiland,  83-5, 
Mollenbeck,  87-91,  Watermuelder,  L.  91-3,  Janssen,  R.  94-5,  Haken, 
G.  1896 

Lennox  2d,  S.D.,  1889.  Schoon,  89-91,  Watermuelder,  L.  91-2,  Schoon, 
92 

Lennox  3rd,  S.D.  1889.     Now  known  as  Delaware,  S.D.,  which  see. 

Lennox,  1900,  see  Worthing,  S.D. 

Leota,  1891,  see  Bethel,  Minn. 

Le  Roy,  Jefferson  Co.  N.Y.  1821. 

Leyden  Centre,  Cook  Co.  111.  1867.     Johnson,  H.  H.  67-78. 

Liberty,  Oklahoma,   1902. 

Libertyville,  see  Guilford,  N.Y. 

Linden,  Union  Co.  N.Y.  1871.  Gesner,  70-4,  Van  Vranken,  H.  H.  75-6, 
supplied  by  students  or  ministers,  76-91,  Kommers,  89-91,  Sherwood, 
(S.S.)  1893 

Linlithgo,  (Livingston  Manor,  Johnstown,  Livingston,)  Columbia  Co. 
N.Y.  1722.  Van  Driessen,  J.  (S.S.)  1722-38,  Van  Hovenbergh,  sup- 
plied, 1743-56,  Fryenmoet,  1756-70,  supplied  by  Livingston,  J.  H.  1779- 
81,  Lansing,  Nic.  1781-4,  Romeyn,  Jer.  1788-1806,  Vedder,  Herman, 
supplied,  1806-14,  Kittle,  1815-27,  Holmes,  E.  27-35,  Van  Wagenen, 
35-41,  Fonda,  J.  D.  42-7,  Crispell,  47-57,  Shepard,  58-67,  Kip,  F.  M. 
(Jr.)  67-9,  Dusinberre,  69-89,  Vaughan,  J.  W.  89-1900,  Green,  E.  W. 
1901 .  See  "Crispell's  Hist."  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  Oct.  12,  1854;  and  Liv- 
ingston. 

Linlithgo,  1870,  see  Livingston,  N.Y. 

Lisha's  Kill,  West  Albany,  Schenectady  Co.  N.Y.  1852.  Wells,  55-8, 
De  Baun,  J.  A.  58-82,  McCullum,  83-5,  Blekkink,  86-8,  Kip,  I.  L.  88-91, 
Conant,  1893 

Little  Falls,  Passaic  Co.  N.  J.  1837.  Stryker,  H.  B.,  Miss,  to,  23-7, 
Ogilvie,  Miss,  to,  27-9,  supplied  by  Bronson,  A.  and  Porter,  R.  37-8, 
Wilson,  Jos.  38-45,  Vedder,  E.  45-9,  Cruikshank,  J.  C.  50-68,  Van 
Neste,  G.  J.  69-75,  Smith,  W.  H.  76-8,  Moore,  W.  L.  78-81,  Furbeck, 
P.  81-8,  Van  Fleet,  88-97,  Steffens,  C.  M.  98-1901,  Bayles,  T.  F. 
1902 

Little  Falls  2d  (Hoi.),  1891.  Supplied  from  Paterson,  91-1901,  Te  Paske, 
J.  W.  1902 

Little  Rock,  1895,  see  Salem,  la. 

Livingston,  (P.  O.  Linlithgo),  Columbia  Co.  N.Y.  1870.  Schermerhorn, 
H  R.    (S.S.)   71-2,  Van  Santvoord,  C.    (S.S.)    74-5,  Meyers,  A.  H. 


986  THE   CHURCHES. 

75-8,  Blauvelt,  C.  78-81.  LeFevre,  G.  82-6,  Emerick,  I.  P.  86-9,  Whitney, 

89-93,  Shield,  1894 

This  is  the  church  near  the  Hudson  River.  The  original  church  of 
Linlithgo  stood  on  this  site  until  1814,  when  it  was  removed  inland  about 
rive  miles  to  the  present  village  of  Johnstown.  In  1870  a  new  church  was 
established  on  the  old  site.  The  Livingston  vault  is  under  this  church, 
and  therein  are  buried  Robert  Livingston  (died  1728)  and  Alida  Schuyler 
his  wife,  (previously  wife  of  Rev.  Xich.  Van  Rensselaer,)  and  about  400 
of  their  descendants. 

Livingston    Manor,    Columbia    Co.    N.Y.    1700-16.        Now    embracing   the 
churches  of  Ancram,  Linlithgo,  Taghkanic,  (or  Old  Stissing,)  Green- 
bush,   (CI.  of  Hudson,)  Livingston,  etc.     "Doc.  Hist."  i.  243;  iii.  365- 
402.     "Smith's  N.Y."  307. 
On  Oct.  1,  1715.  Robert  Livingston  obtained  a  new  patent  for  his  Manor. 
In  said  patent  occurs  the  following:     "The  advowson,  right  of  patronage 
of  all  and  every  the  church  and  churches-  erected,  or  there,  or  therefor  to 
be  erected,  had  or  established,  in  the  said  Manor;"  "Doc.  Hist."  iii.  417, 
419,  420.     On  Oct.  8,  171 5,   Rev.  J.  F.  Haeger  and  others  petitioned  for 
permission  to  erect  a  church  for  divine  service,  according  to  the  rights  of 
the  Church  of  England.     They  had  been  conducting  worship,  as  best  they 
could,   from  their  first  settlement  there.     "Doc.  Hist.   N.Y."  iii.  421.     On 
June   1st,   1721,  Livingston  petitions   for  permission  to  collect  moneys  to 
build  a  Reformed  Dutch  Church  on  his  .Manor.     "Doc.  Hist.  N.Y."  iii.  421. 
This    was    granted    by    Gov.    Burnet. — See    also    "Corwin's    Ecclesiastical 
Documents,"   after   1700,    now    in   course   of   publication   by   the    State  of 
New  York. 

Livingston,  (station.)     Evans,  Win.,  Miss,  to,  1826. 
Locust  Valley,  L.I.  T871.     See  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Queens. 
Lodi,  Bergen  Co.  N.J.    (Holl.)    1859.     Fluyssoon,  59-64.  Wust,  64-8,  Betz, 

75-8,  Jongeneel,  L.  G.  78-92,  Hoonte,  1896 

Lodi  2D,  N.J.  1878.     Offord,  78-84,  Manchee,  84-7,  Bolton,  88-90,  Johnston, 

Wm.  91-8,  Offord,    (S.S.)    1900 

Lodi,  N.J.,  Independent,  1868.     Wust.  1868-78. 

Lodi,  Seneca  Co.  N.Y.  1825.  (See  Ovid.)  Messier.  25-8,  Bennett,  A.  28- 
38,  Liddell,  38-48,  Garretson.  G.  J.  49-52.  Van  Neste,  G  J.  53-65,  Van 
Doren,  J.  A.  supplied,  66,  Collier,  I.  H.  67-9,  McAdam,  71-84,  Murray, 

C.  P.  84-6,  Ballagh,  W.  H.  86-8,  Porter.  C.  F.  1888 

Long  Branch,  Monmouth  Co.  N.J.  1851.  Conklin,  Miss,  to,  47-51,  Wil- 
son, Jas.  B.  51-78,  Young,  Chs.  J.  79-86,  Campbell,  J.  B.  87-90,  Herman, 

90-7,  Staats,  B.  B.  1897 

See  "Wilson's  Decennial,"  1861. 
Long  Branch  2d,  1877.     (Known  as  the  Seaside  Chapel,  1867-78,  and  was 
supplied  during  the  summer  by  ministerial  visitors,  1867-78.)     Wilson, 
J.  B.  78-80,  Phraner,  W.  H.  81-3. 
Long  Is.  City.  L.I.  1875.     See  N.Y.C..  borough  of  Queens. 
Long  Is.  City.  (Laurel  Hill,)  1875.     See  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Queens. 
Low  Prairie,  111.  1855.     Now  South  Holland. 
Lower  Canajoharie,   1773- 


THE   CHURCHES.  9%7 

Lower  Red  Hook.     See  Red  Hook  Landing. 

Lower  Schoharie,  17... 

Lucas,  1893,  see  Rehoboth,  Mich. 

Luctor,  Phillips  Co.  Kansas,  1885.  Scholten,  D.  86-91,  Smit,  John,  92-3, 
Van  der  Meulen,  Jacob,  93-6,  Van  Arendonck,  97-1901,  Dykema, 
1901 

Lyons,  Wayne  Co.  N.Y.  1833.     Nevius,  Miss,  to,  1835- 

Lyonsville,  Kripplebush,  Ulster  Co.  N.Y.  1876.  Deyo,  76-81,  supplied  by 
ministers  and  licentiates,  1881 

Lysander,  Onondaga  Co.  N.Y.  1828.  Stevenson,  Miss,  to,  27-8.  Quaw, 
Miss,  to,  29-30,  Marcellus,  30-1,  Williams,  M.  B.  34-7,  Knight,  R.  W. 
46-8,  Bradford,  W.  W.  49-55,  Van  Vranken,  F.  V.  61-6,  Enders,  66-9, 
Wurts,  71-6. 

Macao,  E.I.  1838,  see  India. 

Macon,  Lenawee  Co.  Mich.  1849-  Taylor,  A.  B.  49-52,  Kershow,  53-5, 
Beidler,  56-7,  Heermance,  Har.  57-62,  Skillman,  63-8,  Moerdyk,  P. 
69-71,  De  Spelder,  73-84,  Sutton,  84-7,  Gulick,  J.  I.  91-5,  Jongewaard, 
97-1901. 

Macon,  South,  1863,  see  South  Macon,  Mich. 

Madnapalli,    1865,    see  India. 

Madison,  1843,  see  Caledonia,  Wis. 

Madison,  now  Leeds,  N.Y. 

Mahackemack,  now  Deer  Park,  or  Port  Jervis,  N.Y. 

Mahwah,  1785,  see  Ramapo,  N.Y. 

Malcolm,  1835,  see  Tyre,  N.Y. 

Mamakating,  (Wurtsboro,  Rome,)  Sullivan  Co.  N.Y.  1805.  Du  Bois,  G. 
20-4,  Van  Vechten,  S.  24-9,  Edwards  (S.S.)  31-4,  Drake,  42-4,  Hill- 
man,  46-9,  Cruikshank,  (S.S.)  49~53,  Searle,  S.  53"9,  Du  Bois,  John, 
59-65,  Frazee,  66-9,  Ackerman,  70-4,  Todd,  A.  F.  76-80,  Du  Bois,  John 
(S.S.)  80-4,  Millett,  S.  85-91,  Gliddon,  A.  M.  (S.S.)  91-2,  Harris,  D.  T. 
92-5,  Crane,  1896 

Manayunk,  1829,  see  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Manhasset,  1816,  see  North  Hempstead,  L.I. 

Manheim,  (Snell's  Bush,  Ingham's  Mills),  Herkimer  Co.  N.Y.  1770, 
Dyslin,  (S.S.)  1790-1815,  Goetschius,  S.  Z.,  Miss,  to,  22,  Ketchum,  23- 
30,  Manley,  J.  31-3,  Murphy,  34-6,  Weidman,  37-41,  Du  Bois,  John, 
43-5,  Meyers,  A.  H.  48-52,  Weidman,  52-60,  Stanbrough,  61-76,  Mat- 
thews, A.  76-9,  Minor,  J.  (S.S.)  80-2,  vacant,  82-91,  Harris,  D.  T. 
91-2,  Ruhl,  F.  W.  93-5,  vacant,  95-8,  Bahler,  L.  H.  98-1900.  "Doc. 
Hist.  N.Y."  iii.  674,  686. 

Manito,  1st,  Tazewell  Co.  111.  1879-  Gilmore,  73-80,  Force,  F.  A.  82-6, 
Ziegler,  87-8,  Wyckoff,  C.  S.  91-4,  Winter,  J.   P.  94-7,  Drake,  E.  A. 

1897 

Manito,  1854,  see  Spring  Lake,  111. 

Manor  Chapel  of  South  Church,  1880,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Manhattan, 

South  Church. 
Maple  Lake,  1894,  see  Silver  Creek,  Minn. 
Mapletown,  Montgomery  Co.  N.Y.   1801,    (see  Middletown  and   Canajo- 


p88  THE   CHURCHES. 

harie.)  Close,  1798-1803,  Toll,  1803-1815,  Palmer,  1818-20,  Hasbrouck, 
J.  R.  H.  20-6,  Van  Hook,  Miss,  to,  22,  Vanderveer,  J.,  Miss,  to,  23, 
Van  Vechten,  Miss,  to,  23-4,  Van  Keuren,  Miss,  to,  24,  Boyd,  Josh., 
Miss,  to,  26-7,  Van  Olinda,  30-1,  Hangen,  32-6,  Heermance,  Har. 
37-40,  Frazer,  40-3,  Middlemas,  (S.S.)  43-6,  Carle,  47-51,  Buckelew, 
52-5,  Quick,  J.  J.  56-62,  Whitbeck,  R.  M.  (S.S.)  63-4,  Compton,  (S.S.) 
64-8,  Markle,  (S.S.)  70,  Sharpley,  74-80,  Jones,  Dewey,  May-Dec.  80, 
Compton,  J.  M.,  6  months,  82,  Minor,  J.  82-4,  Wyckofr,  G.  86-7,  San- 

gree,  88-93,  Thomson,  J.  A.  1894 

Sketch  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  July  15,  1852. 

Marbletown,  (Marmerton,  Mormelton,)  Ulster  Co.  N.Y.  1737.  Supplied 
occasionally  by  Van  Driessen,  J.,  and  by  ministers  of  Kingston,  1737- 
56,  Frelinghuysen,  Jac.  called,  1751,  but  d. ;  Frelinghuysen,  H.  1754-7. 
Romeyn,  D.  1766-75,  Hardenbergh,  J.  R.  1781-5,  Van  Home,  A.  1789- 
95,  Goetschius,  S.  1796-1814,  Carle,  1814-26,  Paulison,  26-9,  Van  Dyck, 
C.  L.  29-54,  McNair,  54-9,  Shaw,  W.  A.  59-60,  McNair,  60-7,  Brush, 
W.  W.  68-72,  Hulbert,  72-84,  Smitz,  B.  84-5,  Schomp,  85-92,  Davis,  G. 

93-1901,  Clist,  1901 .    See  "Schomp's  Hist.  Address,"  188S.     There 

was  preaching  here,  from  an  early  period,  1677.  See  "Ecc.  Docs.," 
now  in  course  -of  publication  by  the  State.  This  church,  with  Roches- 
ter and  Wawarsing,  were  under  one  charter. 

Marbletown  2d,  (Conferentie,)  1752.  Reorganized,  I77L  Supplied  by 
Rysdyck.     United  with  old  church,  1786. 

Marbletown  2d,  (North,)  1851.  Lippincott  (S.S.)  1851-6,  Harris,  J.  F. 
1867-76,  Hulbert,  76-84,  Schomp,  85-92,  Davis,  G.  93-iaoi. 

Mariaville,  Schenectady  Co.  N.Y.  1843.     Donald,  1844-50. 

Marion,  see  Jersey  City. 

Marion,  Wayne  Co.  N.Y.  1870.  Warnshuis,  J.  M.  71-6,  Wabeke,  77"9. 
Kolyn,  81-6,  Hogeboom,  87-90,  Ihrman,  91-6,  Strabbing,  97-9,  Bruins, 
W.  H.  1900 

Marion,  1882,  see  Santham  Memorial,  S.D. 

Marlboro'.     See  Freehold. 

Marmerton,  now  Marbletown. 

Marshallville,  (CI.  Rensselaer,)  1831.  Cornell,  F.  F.  1831-2?  Schanck,G  C, 
Miss,  to,  Jan.-July,  1833,  Russell,  (S.S.)  1833- 

Martinsburgh,  Lewis  Co.  N.Y.  1827. 

Marutuvambada,  1868,  see  India. 

Mattoax  and  Amelia  Court-House,  Va.  Huizinga,  1870-6.  In  1884  be- 
came Presbyt. 

Maurice,  Sioux  Co.  la.  1884.  Boer,  H.  K.  85-90,  Wayenberg,  90-3,  Straks, 
94-8,  Ihrman,  1899 

Mayfield,  Fulton  Co.  N.Y.  1793-  Ten  Eyck,  1799-1812,  Amerman,  A.  17-21, 
Van  Olinda,  Miss,  to,  24,  Van  Vechten,  S.,  Miss,  to,  1823-4.  "Doc. 
Hist."  iii.  673,  683. 

Mayfield,  Independent,  1821.     Amerman,  A.  21-43,  Westervelt,  J.  P.  45-55- 

Medina,  Lenawee  Co.  Mich.  1846.     Heermance,  Har.  46-51. 

Mki.i.enville,  (Claverack  2d),  1838.  (Supplied  by  Sluyter,  38-42,  and 
by  Wynkoop,  P.   S.  42,)    Vandervoort,  42-5.  Himrod,  45-51,   Pitcher, 


THE  CHURCHES.  9§9 

J.  H.  52-61,  Sebring,  62-85,  Gebhard,  J.  G.  85-91,  Hunter,  92-9.  Collier, 

G.  Z.  1900 

Melrose,  1854,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  The  Bronx. 

Metuchen,   Middlesex   Co.    NJ.    1857.     Thompson,   J.    B.    59-66,    Bogert, 

N.  J.  M.  67-70,  Lord,  E.  70-81,  Cruikshanks,  Jas.  81-7,  Wyckoff,  G. 

87-94,   Raven,   94-9,    Searle,   E.    V.   V.    1900 .     See   "Cruikshanks' 

Hist.  Discourse,"  1882. 
Middleburgh,   (Upper  Schoharie,)   Schoharie  Co.  N.Y.  1732?       Schuyler, 

17- --75,  Van  Nest,  R.  1774-80,  De  Voe,  1808-15,  Schermerhorn,  J.  F. 

1816-27,  Garretson,  J.  27-33,  Steele,  J.  B.  34-8,  Boyd,  Joshua,  40-2,  (L. 

Mesereau,  Presbt.  (S.S.)  42-5 l)  West,  45-52,  See,  I.  M.  52-4,  Vedder, 

E.  55-63,  Bogardus,  W.  E.  supplied,  63,  Lott,  63-70,  Roe,  71-6,  Gardner, 

J.  S.  76-80,  Sebring,  E.  N.  80-4,  Van  Doren,  D.  K.  85-90,  Pitcher,  C.  W. 

1891 

Middleburg,  1894,  see  Free  Grace,  la. 

Middlebush,   Somerset  Co.  NJ.    1834.     Schultz,  34-8,  Van  Doren,  J.  A. 

38-66,    Swain,   66-8,    Mershon,   69-74,    Le    Fevre,   Jan.    75-1902,       Ste 

"Le  Fevre's  Hist.  Discourse,"  1884. 
Middleport,  1852.     Now  Kerhonksen,  N.Y. 
Middletown,  Delaware  Co.  N.Y.,  same  as  Coshington. 
Middletown,  Saratoga  Co.  N.Y.     1791. 

Middletown,  N.Y.  1798.     Name  changed  to  Mapletown,  about  1825. 
Middletown,  N.Y.,  Secession,  1822. 
Middletown,  N.J.  1799,  now  Holmdel.     Middletown  and  Freehold  1st  were 

one  corporation  until  1825. 
Middletown,  Monmouth  Co.  N.J.  1836.     Supplied  by  Beekman,  J.  T.  B. 

36-9,   Crawford,  39-40,  Millspaugh,  41-66,  Seibert,  66-71,  Van  Doren, 

L.  H.  71-6,  Buck,  77-93,  Hageman,  P.  K.  1894 

Midwout,  a  name  including  the  several  churches  in  Kings  Co.  L.I.     See 

Kings   Co.     On   the   name   Midwout,    see   "Gen.   and   Biog.   Record," 

viii.  163. 
Mile  Square,  1900,  see  Yonkers,  N.Y. 
Milesville,    Sullivan    Co.    N.Y.    1858.     Boehrer,    62-6,    Schnellendreussler, 

68-9. 
Millbrook,  Dutchess  Co.  N.Y.  1866.     Cobb,  H.  N.  66-81,  Stockwell,  (assoc. 

pastor,)  69-71,  Hill,  Miss,  at,  72,  Lyall,  J.  E.  1881 

This  church  has  three  chapels:     Bloomwall,  1869;  Mabbettsville,  1872; 
Little  Rest,  1873. 

Mill  Point,  1870,  see  Spring  Lake,  Mich. 
Millstone,  NJ.  now  Harlingen.     Prior  to  1766,  Millstone,  in  the  "Minutes, 

Amsterdam  Cor."  and  early  writings  generally,  means  Harlingen.   (See 

"Millstone  Centennial.") 
Millstone,  1766,  see  Hillsborough,  NJ. 
Milwaukee,  Milwaukee  Co.  Wis.   1849.     Klyn,  52-4,  Bolks,  55-61,  Van- 

dermeulen,  John,  62-70,  Duiker,  74-8,  Zwemer,  A.  70-3,  Duiker,  74-7, 

Moerdyk,  W.  77-84,  Broek,  J.  84-93,  Moerdyk,  W.  95-1900,  Veldman, 

1901 

Mina  Corners,  Chautauqua  Co.  N.Y.   1856.     Dunnewold,  supplied,  56-60, 


990  THE   CHURCHES. 

i'T,  <>o-oN,  \\\ber,  Jac.  71-4,  Boehrer,  76-9,  vacant,  79-87,  when  name 
of  ch.  is  dropped. 

Minaville,  1784,  now  Florida,  N.Y. 

Minden,  18.. 

Minisink,  (Xominack,)  at  Montague,  Sussex  Co.  N.J.  1737.  Supplied 
occasionally  by  Mancius,  1737-41,  Fryenmoet,  1741-56,  Romeyn,  T. 
1760-72,  Van  Bunschooten,  E.  1785-1799,  Demarest,  John,  1803-8, 
Kltinge,  C.  C.  16-37,  Ayres,  38-41,  Bookstaver,  41-7,  (Morse,  J.  G. 
Presbyt.  supply,  48-9),  Demarest,  John  T.  50-2,  Jones,  D.  A.  52-8, 
Gates,  60-2,  Cornell,  Wm.  62-3,  Moore,  W.  S.  64-9,  Turner,  72-5,  Fitz- 
gerald,  79-81,  Stillwell,  J.  L.  82-4,  Millett,  Jos.  87-90,  Lane,  G  93-6, 

Meyer,  A.  J.   1900 

See  "Mills'  Hist.  Discs."  1874  and  1878. 

MoDDERSViLLg,  Missanke  Co.  Mich.  1892.     Vennema,  S.  92-8. 

Mohawk,  Herkimer  Co.  N.Y.  1838.  Murphy.  40-3,  Starks,  44"54.  Slinger- 
land,  54-6,  Hammond,  J.  W.  56-8,  Nott,  C.  D.  59-64,  Slingerland,  65-6, 
Consaul,  (S.S.)  67-70,  Wilson,  F.  F.  70-2,  Bogardus,  F.  M.  72-6,  Lan- 
ding, J.  G  77-9,  Edmondson,  81-6,  Brandow,  86-8,  Minor,  A.  D.  88-91, 

Van  Allen,  I.  92-8,  Meeker,  E.  J.  1899 

See  "Doc.  Hist.  N.Y."  iv.  314,  Rev.  John  Stuart,  of  Ch.  of  England, 
reads  service,  1770-5,  at  Fort  Hunter  (or  Mohawk)  to  the  Dutch. 

Mombacus,  1701,  now  Rochester,  Ulster  Co.  N.Y. 

Monroe,  Aplington,  Butler  Co.  la.  1886.     Schaefer,  F.   1886 

Monroe,  1894,  see  Sandham  Memorial,  S.D. 

Montague,   1737,  see  Minisink,  N.J. 

Montague,   Muskegon   Co.    Mich.    1875.     Name  dropped   after   1885. 

Monk  lair  Heights,  Essex  Co.  N.J.  1897.  Supplied  by  Bogardus,  W.  E. 
95-7,  Gulick,  C.  W.  1898 

Montgomery,  (Wallkill.)  Orange  Co.  N.Y.  1732.  Vrooman,  1753-4.  Kern. 
1771-8,  Van  Nest,  R.  1778-85,  Froeligh,  M.  1788-1817,  Fonda,  Jesse, 
17-27,  Lee,  R.  P.  29-58,  Van  Zandt,  A.  B.  59-72,  Brett,  C.  73-6,  Schenck, 
1".  S.  77-90.  McCready,  90-4.  Berg,  J.  F.  95-1902. 

Montgomery  2d,  1752.     Conferentie. 

Mont  Pleasant,  1892,  see  Schenectady,  N.Y. 

Montrose,  1729,  see  Courtlandtown,  N.Y. 

Moxtville,  (Persippany,  or  Boonton.)  Morris  Co.  N.J.  1756.  Marinus, 
supplied,  1756-68,  (Blauw,  Conferentie,  1762-8,)  Myer.  H.  supplied, 
1772-91,  Ostrander,  S.  1794-1810,  Kuypers,  W.  P.  1801-5,  Brinkerhoff, 
21-4,  Messier,  Miss,  to,  24,  Morris,  J.,  Miss,  to,  25.  Tarbell,  Miss,  to, 
26,  Ogilvie,  26-7,  Messier,  29-32,  Cornell,  F.  F.  33-6,  Woods,  38,  Lord, 
Jer.  L.  40-3,  Janeway,  J.  L.  43-50,  Conklin,  Nath.  51-70,  Van  Doren, 
L.  H.  71-4,  Collier,  I.  H.  74-9,  Kemlo,  80-3.  Van  Fleet.  84-89.  Clist, 
89-91,  Luckenbill,  92-5,  Mattice.  A.  96-1901. 

Montville,  Secession,  1S24.  Brinkerhoff,  J.  G..  Miss,  to,  1824.  again, 
1825-30. 

Moresville,  1836,  see  Grand  Gorge.  N.Y. 

Mormelton,  now   Marbletown.    N.Y. 

Vnrrison,   1896,   see  Ebenezer,   111. 


THE   CHURCHES.  99* 

Mott  Haven,  185 1,  ;ee  New  York  City,  borough  of  The  Bronx. 

Mottville,  St.  Joseph  Co.  Mich.  1849.  Seeber,  1849-51,  Bailey,  1856-63, 
Beardsley,  1863-4. 

Mt.  Morris,  Livingston  Co.  N.Y.  1839.     Hammond,  1842-5. 

Mt.  Morris,  Secession,  1828.     Brinckerhoff,  J.  G.  1844-.. 

Mt.  Pleasant,  now  Stanton,  NJ. 

Mt.   Pleasant,  now  Greenport,  N.Y. 

Mt.  Pleasant,  1829,  see  New  York  City,  borough  of  Manhattan. 

Mt.  Ross,  1746,  see  Gallatin,  N.Y. 

Mt.  Vernon,  Westchester  Co.  N.Y.  1853.  Snyder,  B.  F.,  Miss,  to,  52-4, 
See,  I.  M.  54-64,  Hutton,  M.  H.  64-79,  Clearwater,  79-94,  Scudder,  F. 
94-7,   Tyndall,    1897 

Muitzeskill,   1756,   see   Schodack,   N.Y. 

Muscatine,  Muscatine  Co.  la.  1891.  Scholten,  91-6,  Dragt,  97,  Te  Winkle, 
99-1901,   Flikkema,   1902 

Muskegon,  Muskegon  Co.  Mich.  1859.  Houbolt,  64-71,  Vandermeulen, 
Jac.  C.  72-89,  Moerdyk,  Wm.  90-2,  Van  Zanten,  93-9,  Luxen,  1900 

Muskegon  2d,  1891.     Hospers,  G.  H.  93-4.  Bloemendal,  R.  1897 

Nagasaki,  1876,  see  Japan. 

Nansimur,  1871,  see  India. 

Napanoch,  same  as  Wawarsing.  N.Y. 

Narasinganur,   see  India. 

Nassau,  (Union  Village,)  Rensselaer  Co.  N.Y.  1803.  Bork,  1804-8,  Fonda, 
Jesse,  1809-13,  Van  Buren.  P.  14-20,  Romeyn,  Jas.  21-7,  Morris,  J.  F. 
29-32,  Hunt,  C.  32-7,  Knox.  J.  P.  38-41-  Holmes,  41-52.  Steele,  R.  H. 
52-63,  Collier,  I.  H.  64-6,  Brush.  A.  H.  67-80,  Demarest.  J.  S.  N.  81-3, 
Bertholf.  J.  H.  83-6.  Beaver,  89-98,  Lydecker,  G.  D.  98-1902. 

Naumberg,  (Ger.)  Lewis  Co.'  N.Y.  1855.  Wolff,  56-60,  Becker,  60-70, 
Boehrer,  70-6,  Warnshuis,  H.  M.  77-9,  Moiling,  P.  A.  80-4.  Unglaub, 
85-8,  vacant,  88-93,  Barny.  W.  F.  93-6,  vacant,  1896 

Navasink,  (Neversink,)  1699.  See  Freehold,  Holmdel,  Marlboro',  and 
Middletown,  N.J. 

Neperan,  1818,  see  Unionville,  N.Y. 

Neshaminy,  Bucks  Co.  Pa.  1710.  Van  Vleck,  P.  1710-13.  supplied  by 
Malachi  Jones,  1714-19,  became  Presbyterian.— This  church  was  at 
first  in  union  with  North  and  South  Hampton,  being  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  Feasterville. 

Neshanic,  (Shannick,  Nechanic.  New  Shannock,)  Somerset  Co.  NJ. 
1752.  Hardenbergh,  J.  R.  1758-61,  Van  Harlingen,  J.  M.  1762-95, 
Froeligh,  S.  1780-6,  Smith,  W.  R.  1794-1817,  Polhemus,  H.  1798-1808, 

Labagh,  P.  1809-21,  Ludlow,  G.  21-78,  Hart,  J.  1875 

See  "Ludlow's  Fifty  Years  of  Pastoral  Work,"  1871. 
Nestegauna,  now  Niskayuna. 

Neversink,   ("M.G.S."  i.  19,  22,)   an  error  for  Minisink. 
Neversink.     See  Navasink. 
Neversink,  now  Fallsburgh. 

New  Amstel,  (New  Castle.)  Del.  1642.  (Campanius,  John,  1642-54,  Swed- 
ish.)    R.D.C.   1654.  organized  by  Polhemus,  on  his  way  from  Brazil. 


992  THE   CHURCHES. 

Welius,  1657-9,  Hadson  called,  d.  on  passage,  1664,  Tesschenmaeker, 
1679-82,  supplied  occasionally  by  Varick,  1687.  (Now  Presbyt.)  Full 
account  in  "Spotswood's  Historical  Sermon";  also  "Amst.  Cor.";  "Col. 
Hist.  N.Y."  ii.  4-84,  iii.  115,  251,  and  the  new  vol.  xii.  "Doc.  Hist." 
iii.  31,  82..  83.     "Asher,"  xxxvii. 

New  Amsterdam.  1628,  now  New  York  Collegiate  Church.  See  New 
York,  borough  of  Manhattan. 

New  Amsterdam,  La  Crosse  Co.  Wis.  1877.     In  1884  became  Presbyterian. 

Nf.wark,  Essex  Co.  N.J.,  churches  in : 

1.  Newark  ist,    (Market  St.)     1833.     (Clinton  Av.  and  Johnson   St. 

1898).  Wells,  R.  33-42,  Scott,  Jas.  43-58,  Terhune,  59-76,  Gleason, 
77-86,  Easton,  T.  C  86-9.  Martyn,  C.  90-2,  Lee,  T.  I.  1893 

2.  Newark  2d,   (Ferry  St.)    1848.     (On  New  York  Av.  1890).     Will- 

iamson, G.  R.  48-9,  Van  Brunt,  supplied.  49,  Abeel,  G.  50-65. 
Riddle,  M.  B.  65-9,  Brett,  C  70-3,  Van  Vranken,  F.  V.  74-82, 
Davis,  J.  A.  83-9,  Sullivan,  90-1,  Allen.  J.  S.  1892 

3.  Newark  3d,  1848.     Serenbets,   1849,  Lehlback.   1850-61. 

4.  Newark,  North,   (Broad  St.)   1856.     Polhemus,  A.  May-Oct.  1857, 

Du  Bois,  H.  59-61,  Demarest,  Jas.  (Jr.)  63-6,  Hart,  66-80,  Waters, 
81-93,  Mackay.  94-9,  Vance,  1900 .  See  "Decennial  Celebra- 
tion." 

5.  Newark.  Wtest.    (Blum    St.)    1866.     Wenisch.   67-74.    Kern.   76-82, 

Girtanner,  1882 

6.  Newark,    South,    (Clinton    Av.)    1868.     Taylor.    W.   J.    R.    69-00, 

Martin.  D.   H.   1890 .     See  "Decennial  Memorial."   1878. 

7.  Newark,    Fast,    (East    Ferry    St.)    1869.     (Called   Trinity,    since 

1888).  Brokaw,  I.  P.  69-74.  Blauvelt.  C.  R.  74-7.  Jan.  1  :  Krueger, 
C.  H.  T.  77-80.  Shafer,  T.  82-4.  Preyer.  84-6,  Milliken,  R.  P.  87-93, 
Morris,  J.  N.  1893 

8.  Woodside,    (Belleville   Av.)    1871.     (Called   Chrtst   Chirch,  since 

1893).  Macauley,  J.  M.  72-80,  Brodhead.  W.  H.  (S.S.)  81-2, 
Jones,  C.  H.  85-94,  Schenck,  I.  V.  W.  94-9,  Mellen,  1900 

Newark,   1835,  see  Arcadia,  N.Y. 

New  Baltimore,  Greene  Co.  N.Y.  1836.  Van  Santvoord,  S.  supplied,  34-9, 
Cornell,  J.  A.  H.  43-8,  Peltz,  48-51,  Davies,  52-5,  Gardner,  56-60, 
Strong,  R.  G.  61-70,  Zabriskie,  Jer.  L.  70-82,  Arcularius,  83-97,  Van 
Fleet,  1898 

New  Bremen,  Lewis  Co.  N.Y.  1855.  Wolff,  56-60,  Becker,  60-70,  Boehrer, 
70-6,  Warnshuis,  H.  M.  77-9,  Moiling,  80-4.  Unglaub,  85-8,  vacant, 
88-93,  Barny,  W.  F.  93-6,  vacant,  1896- 

New  Brighton,  or  Brighton  Heights,  1823,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Rich- 
mond. 

New  Broadalbin,  see  Caughnawaga. 

New  Brunswick,  Middlesex  Co.  N.J.,  churches  in: 

1.  New  Brunswick  ist,   (see  Three  Mile  Run.)    Middlesex  Co.  N.J. 
1717.     Burnet  st.  cor.  of  New  st.  1717-67;  then  at  Neilson  st.  at 


THE   CHURCHES.  993 

head  of  Hiram  st.  Frelinghuysen,  T.  J.  1720-48,  Leydt,  J.  1748- 
83,  Hardenbergh,  J.  R.  1786-9C,  Condict,  1794-1811,  Schureman, 
12-13,  Fonda,  Jesse,  13-17,  Ludlow,  J.  17-19,  Ferris,  I.  21-4,  Har- 
denbergh,  J.    B.   25-9,   Janeway,    .J  J.   30-1,   How,   32-61,    Steele, 

R.  H.  63-80,  Easton,  T.  C.  81-6,  Pockman,  1887 

Chartered,  1753,  as  one  corporation  with  Raritan,  North  Branch, 

(now    Readington.)    Millstone,    (now    Harlingen,)    Six    Mile   Run. 

This  charter  is  published  in  Dr.  Messler's  recent  work,  "Memorial 

Sermons  and   Historical   Notes,"   1873. — See   "Steele's   Hist.   Disc, 

1867,  at  150th  Anniversary." 

2.  New  Brunswick  2d,  (George  st.  cor.  of  Albany),  1843.     Demarest, 

D.  D.  43-52,   Woodbridge,  52-7,  Wilson,  H.  M.   58-62,   Schenck. 

J.  W.  63-6,  Hartranft,  67-78,  Hutton,  M.  H.  1878 

See  "Semi-Centennial,"  1893. 

3.  New    Brunswick    3D.    (Ger.)     Guilden    st.    1851.     Serenbets,    51-4, 

Schneeweiss,  55-8,  Hones,  (S.S.)  58-60,  Meyer,  C.  (S.S.)  63-4. 
Cludius,  65-6,  Meyer,  C.  1867-1901. 

4.  New   Brunswick,    Suydam    St.    1884.       Campbell,    W.    H.   85-90, 

Campbell,  A.  D.  1890 .  See  "Memorial  of  Dr.  W.  H.  Camp- 
bell," for  early  history. 

5.  Highland  Park,  1890.     Supplied  by  Corwin,  E.  T.  90-1,  Thompson, 

J.  B.  91-7,  Van  Dyck.  Alex.   1897-— 

New  nuRGK,   Orange  Co.   N.Y.   1835.     Cruikshank,  W.  35-8.   Fisher,  I.  M. 

38-9,  Vanderveer,  F.  H.  39-42,  Van  Zandt,  A.  B.  42-9,  McLaren,  50-9, 

Mandeville,  G.  H.  59-69.  Gleason,  70-6,  Carroll,  76-81,  Myers,  H.  V.  S. 

82-91,  Beattie,  R.  H.  1891 

"Doc.  Hist."  iii.  327-364.    (352.)      Sketch  in  "Ch.  Int."  May  2,  1878. 
New  Castle,  1654,  see  New  Amstel,  Del. 
New   Concord,    Columbia    Co.    N.Y.    1857.     (Previously   Congregational.) 

Decker,  57-60,  Jansen,  61-4,  Jones,  D.  A.  64-7,  Bevier,    (S.S.)   67-73, 

Harris,   H.   R.    (S.S.)    73"4,  Mead,    (S.S.)    74-6,  Ashley,    (S.S.)    76-8, 

King,  Rufus,   (Presbyt.)    (S.S)   78-80.  Staats,  J.  A.   (S.S.)   80,  Brown, 

T.  S.  80-91,  occasional  supplies,  1891 

New  Durham,  Weehawken.  Hudson  Co.  N.J.  1843.     (The  Grove  Church.) 

Taylor,  W.  J.  R.  44-6.  Mabon.  W.  V.  V.  46-81,  Scudder,  W.  H.  82-4, 

Gowen,  I.  W.  1885 

New    Era,   Oceana   Co.   Mich.    1894.     Van   der   Ploeg,   H.   95-1900,   Osse- 

waarde,  John,  1900 

New  Foundland,  Passaic  Co.  N.J.  1815. 

New  Hackensack,  Dutchess  Co.  N.Y.  1758.     Rysdyck,  1765-89,  Van  Vran- 

ken,  N.  1791-1804,  Barcolo,  1805-10,  De  Witt,  T.  12-26,  Dwight,  M.  W. 

26-33.  Van  Cleef,  C.  33-66,  Ward,  H.  67-87,  Du  Mont,  1888 

New  Harlem,  same  as  Harlem,  N.Y.C. 

New  Harlem,  same  as  Fonda's  Bush,  N.Y. 

New  Haven,   (South  Ch.  Cong.)    Ct.   1852.     (Stiles  supplied,  52-7,  Noyes, 

57-61,  Carroll,  61-8.)     Ref.  Ch.  1868.     Carroll,  68-9,  Brush,  W.  (S.S.) 

69,  Branch,  69-72. 


994  THE   CHURCHES. 

See  "Hallock's  Hist,  of  South  Church  of  New  Haven." 

New  Hempstead,  now  Clarkstown,  N.Y. 

New  Holland,  same  as  Noord  Holland  or  North  Holland. 

New  Hurley,  Ulster  Co.  N.Y.  1770.  Goetschius,  S.  1775-90.  Meyer.  J.  H. 
1799-1803,  Froeligh,  P.  D.  1807-16,  Bogardus,  W.  R.  17-28,  Vender- 
veer,  F.  H.  29-39,  Demarest,  Wm.  40-5,  Slingerland,  46-54,  Comfort, 
54-71,  Beattie,  R.  H.  72-84,  Gillespie,  85-8,  Scarlett,  G.  H.  88-95,  Thur- 
ston,   1895 .      See   "Comfort's   Hist.   Discourse,"    1870.     Also    "Ch. 

Int.."   May   18,    1898. 

Ni:w  Hyde  Park.  Queens  Co.  N.Y.  1893.  Hieber,  L.  93-5,  Van  Gieson, 
D.  E.  (S.S.)  95-8,  vacant. 

New  Lots,  1824,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Brooklyn. 

New  Kirk,  (formerly  New  Orange),  Sioux  Co.  la.  1883.  Dykstra,  L. 
83-6,  Van  den  Berg,  88-91,  Lumkes,  93-1900,  Van  Duine,  1900 — — 

New  Millstone,  1766,  same  as  Hillsborough  and  Millstone,  NJ. 

New  Orange,  1883,  see  New  Kirk,  la. 

New  Paltz,  Ulster  Co.  N.Y.  1683.  Originally  French  Ref. ;  Daille  sup- 
plied occasionally,  1683-96,  Bonrepos,  1696-1700,  (supplied  chiefly  by 
ministers  from  Kingston,  1700-1727,)  Van  Driessen,  J.  supplied,  1727- 
36,  again,  1751,  Schunema,  1753-4,  Chalker,  1760?,  Goetschius,  J.  M. 
1760-71,  Goetschius,  S.  1775-96,  Meyer,  J.  H.  1799-1803,  Froeligh,  P.  D. 
1807-16,  Bogardus,  \V.  R.  17-31,  Van  Olinda,  32-44,  Vandervoort,  45-8, 
Stitt,  48-65,   Peltz,  65-81,  Vennema,  A.  82-6,  Huizinga,   A.   H.  86-94, 

Fagg,  94-5.  Oggel,  E.   C.   1896 

See  "Stitt's  Hist.";  "Ser.  Centennial  Discs."  261-2;  "Du  Bois'  Re- 
union"; "Peltz"s  Ser.  at  200th  Anniversary  of  the  Town,"  Dec.  1877. 
The  French  language  was  used  until  1733;  then  the  Dutch  until  1800, 
then  the  English. 

New  Paltz  2d,  (Confcrcntic,)  1752.  See  Marblctown.  Vrooman,  I753"4» 
Van  Nest,  R.  1774-78,  reunited  to  the  old  church  of  New  Paltz. 

New  Prospect,  Pine  Bush,  Ulster  Co.  N.Y.  1815.  Wilson,  A.  D.  16-29, 
Shimeall,  29-31.  Ward,  J.  W.  32-7,  Demarest,  J.  T.  37-49,  Moore,  W.  S. 
50-6,  Hamilton,  57-63,  Connitt,  66-70.  Demarest,  J.  T.  73-85,  Moffett, 
1885 

New   Rhinebeck,   now  Lawyersville. 

[New  Rochelle,  Westchester  Co.  N.Y.  1688.  At  times,  a  part  of  the  Parish 
of  Fordham.  (French  Ref.)  Bonrepos,  1688-96,  Bondet,  1696-1709, 
when  he  seceded  with  a  portion  of  his  nock,  and  formed  an  Episcopal 
congregation,  Rou,  1710-50,  Moulinars,  (colleague  of  Rou.)  1718-26, 
and  apparently  sole  acting  pastor,  1726-41,  Carle,  1754-64.  Tetard. 
1764-6.  This  church  was  reorganized  and  incorporated,  in  1808,  as 
"The  French  Church  in  New  Rochelle,"  and  is  now  a  Presbyterian 
church.  "Baird's  Hist,  of  the  Huguenot  Emigration  to  America." 
See  also  "Doc.  Hist.  N.Y."  iii.  82,  562-577.  708.  (Of  the  seceding 
Episcopal  congregation,  Bondet  continued  pastor,  1700-22.  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Stoupe,  1723-60,  and  Houdin,  1760-8.)  See  a  "Description 
of  New  Rochelle.  in  1727."  by  Rev.  Pierre  Stoune.  in  "YYaldron," 
P-  34-] 


THE   CHURCHES.  995 

New  Rochelle,   (Ger.)    1858. 

New  Salem,  Albany  Co.  N.Y.  1785.  Van  Huysen,  1793-1824,  Blair,  Miss, 
to,  25,  Dumont,  Miss,  to,  26,  Boice,  I.  C.  26-9,  Fort,  29-36,  Westfall, 
S.  V.  E.  37-47,  Van  Santvoord,  S.  (S.S.)  43-4,  Middlemas,  54-5,  Lan- 
sing, A.  G.  58-61,  Slauson,  62-6,  Kershow,  67-72,  Pearse,  Nic.  73-7, 
Lansing,  A.  G.  78-85,  Williams,  D.  H.  86-7,  McCardle,  89-92,  Morton, 
T.  92-3,  Van  Burk,  93-4,  Greene,  E.  J.  94-6,  Van  Haagen,  (S.S.)  97-8, 
Van  Doren,  D.  K.  1898 

New  Shannock,  same  as  Neshanic,  N.J. 

New  Sharon,  1894,  see  Bethlehem,  la. 

New  Stissing,  see  Taghkanick  and  Gallatin,  N.Y. 

Newtown,  1731,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Queens. 

Newtown,  2d,  1855,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Queens. 

Newtown,  N.Y.   (CI.  of  Rensselaer)    1803. 

New  Utrecht,  1677,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Brooklyn. 

New  York  City,  N.Y.,  churches  in : 

These  will  be  distributed  according  to  the  Five  Boroughs  into  which 
the  Greater  New  York  is  now  divided,  as  follows : 

I.  The  Borough  of  Manhattan-  the  old  city. 

II.  The  Borough  of  The  Bronx  :  north  of  the  Harlem  River. 

III.  The  Borough  of  Brooklyn  :  Kings  Co. 

IV.  The  Borough  of  Queens  :  Queens  Co. 

V.     The  Borough  of  Richmond:  Staten  Island. 

I.       NEW   YORK    CITY — THE   BOROUGH    OF    MANHATTAN — COLLEGIATE   CHURCH. 

i.  New  York,  (formerly  New  Amsterdam),  1628.  Known  as  the 
Collegiate  Church.  Worship  has  been  conducted  in  many  differ- 
ent buildings,  as  follows : 

(1).  Over  a  Horse-Mill,  "The  Mill  Loft,"  1626-33,  situated  at  what 
is  now  about  20  and  22  South  William  St.,  between  Stone  and 
Beaver  sts.     Services  by  Comforters  of  the  Sick,  1626-33.     Also 

by  Rev.  Jonas  Michaelius,  Ap.  1628 ? 

For  Michaelius's  famous  letter,  see  fac-simile  and  translation 
in  "Collegiate  Church  Year  Book,"  1896,  pp.  298-308.  The  orig- 
inal Dutch  will  be  found  in  print  in  "Ecclesiastical  Records  of 
New  York,"  1901,  Vol.  i.  pp.  48-68.  now  in  course  of  publication 
by  the  State  of  New  York.  For  further  facts  and  suggestions 
about  him,  see  Michaelius  in  this  work,  and  also  pp.  68-118  in 
"Ecc.  Records"  above  referred  to.  For  location  of  "The  Mill- 
Loft"  Church,  see  "Collegiate  Church  Year  Book,"  1895,  pp. 
135-8.  Sixteen  large  Belgian  mill-stones  are  yet  found  on  the 
spot.  For  an  account  of  the  Comforters  of  the  Sick,  see  page  18 
of  this  work,  and  "Year  Book,"  1897,  480-8;  also  "Ecc.  Records 
N.Y."  i.  pp.  43-47. 

(2).  In  a  plain  frame  building  at  about  33-35  Pearl  st.,  1633-42.  Bo- 
gardus,  Everardus,  1633-42.  See  "Year  Book,"  1895,  138-9,  and 
"Ecc.  Records  of  N.Y."  i.  85,  etc. 


996  THE  CHURCHES. 

NEW     YORK     CITY — BOROUGH     OF     MANHATTAN — COLLEGIATE    CHURCH. 

(3).  In  Fort  Amsterdam,  standing  at  the  lower  end  of  Broadway, 
1642-93.  Called  the  Church  of  St.  Nicholas.  Bogardus,  E.  1642- 
7,  Backerus,  J.  1647-9,  Megapolensis,  J.  1649-70,  Drisius,  1652-73, 
Megapolensis,  S.  1664-8,  Van  Nieuwenhuysen,  1671-82,  Selyns, 
1682-93,  when  a  new  church  building  was  erected  in  Garden  st. 
The  "Church  in  the  Fort"  was  then  repaired,  and  used  by  "The 
Church  of  England,"  as  a  second  place  of  worship,  besides  their 
"Trinity  Church,"  until   1741.  when  it  was  burned. 

(4).  Stuyvesant's  Chapel,  1660-87.  Supplied  by  Selyns,  (then  of 
Brooklyn),  1660-4,  Megapolensis,  S.  1664-8.  Governor  Stuy- 
vesant  died  in  Feb.  1672,  and  was  buried  in  a  vault  near  this 
Chapel.  His  widow  died  in  1687,  and  by  will,  left  this  Chapel 
and  its  grounds  and  vault  to  the  Collegiate  Church,  to  dispose  of 
as  they  saw  fit,  provided  the  vault  was  preserved.  No  further 
Dutch  services  seem  to  have  been  held  at  this  place.  Two  or 
three  generations  later  the  Stuyvesants  arc  found  in  the  Episcopal 
Church,  and  a  great-grandson  of  the  old  Director  proposed  the 
restoration  of  worship  on  this  site  by  the  Episcopalians.  In  ac- 
cordance with  this  suggestion,  St.  Mark's  Church  was  established 
here  in  1799.  See  "Memorial  of  St.  Mark's  Church  in  the 
Bowery,"  1899,  pp.  109,  no.  Also  "Ecc.  Records  of  N.Y."  i.  pp. 
488-492. 

(5.)  Garden  street,  (now  about  41-51  Exchange  Place),  1693-1812. 
Selyns,  1693-1701,  Du  Bois,  G.  1699-1751,  Boel,  1713-54.  After 
the  building  of  the  Cedar  st.  church,  1729,  the  ministers  generally 
preached  in  rotation  in  the  different  buildings,  (as  is  still  done 
in  Amsterdam,  and,  probably,  other  cities  in  Holland),  until  1871. 
See  list  of  names,  in  full,  at  the  close  of  this  article  on  Collegiate 
Church.  After  1731,  this  Garden  st.  building  was  called  "The 
South  Church."  In  1807  it  was  burned,  but  at  once  rebuilt;  and 
in  1812,  it  separated  from  the  Collegiate  Church,  but  was  still 
known  as  "The  South  Dutch."     See  Church  No.  12. 

(6).  Nassau  street,  between  Liberty  and  Cedar,  1729-1844.     The  min- 

y/  isters  preached  in  rotation  in  this  building,  during  its  whole  ex- 
istence as  a  church.  After  1769,  when  the  Fulton  st.  church  was 
built,  the  Cedar  st.  church  became  known  as  "The  Middle  Dutch 
Church."  In  1844  this  building  was  leased  to  the  United  States 
for  the  City  Postoffice.  At  the  close  of  the  last  religious  service 
in  the  building,  Dr.  Thomas  De  Witt  pronounced  the  Benediction, 
in  Dutch.  It  was  used  for  the  City  Postoffice  for  more  than 
thirty  years,  or  until  1875,  when  the  present  Postoffice  was  built 
in  the  City  Hall  Park.  In  1861  the  title  to  the  whole  property 
was  transferred  to  the  United  States.  See  "Church  Year  Book," 
1883,  pages  70-86. 
(7).  Fulton  street,  corner  of  William  street,  1769-1875.  This  church 
faced  on  William  st.,  and  the  l<>t  extended  from  Fulton  to  Ann 


THE  CHURCHES. 


997 


NEW     YORK     CITY — BOROUGH     OF     MANHATTAN — COLLEGIATE    CHURCH. 

st.  It  was  known  as  "The  North  Dutch  Church"  during  its 
whole  existence.  It  was  built  especially  for  services  in  the  Eng- 
lish language.  Hence  the  preaching  of  the  ministers  in  rotation 
did  not  prevail  in  this  church-building  until  English  entirely 
superseded  Dutch.  Ministers:  Laidlie,  1769-76,  Livingston,  J.  H. 
1770-76,  again  1783-1810,  Linn.  1786-1805;  about  which  time  the 
rotation  of  ministers  began  also  in  this  building.  The  building 
was  used  for  military  purposes  by  the  British  during  the  Revo- 
lution. It  was  in  the  Consistory-room  in  a  three-story  building 
directly  in  the  rear  of  this  church,  (entrance  at  103  Fulton  St.), 
that  the  Fulton  street  Prayer  Meeting  was  started  in  1857.  See 
North  Church  Chapel  (c). 


• 


THE    SECOND    GARDEN    STREET    CHURCH,    1807 

(South  Church). 


(8).  Ninth  street,  1836-55.  This  church  was  built  in  1831 ;  used  as  one 
of  the  Collegiate  churches,  1836-55 ;  from  1855-61  it  was  again 
a  separate  church,  called  the  Central  Church.  See  Church 
No.  20. 

(9).  Lafayette  Place,  corner  of  Fourth,  street,  1839-87.  Known  after 
1854  as  "The  Middle  Dutch  Church."  Supplied  by  the  Colle- 
giate ministers  in  rotation,  1839-71.  Chambers,  T.  W.  1871-92, 
the  system  of  rotation  having  been  given  up  in  187 1.  Assistants: 
De  Vries,  H.  1882-4,  Taylor,  L.  L.  84-7,  Cotton,  88-91.— See 
"Chambers'  Hist.  Sermon,"  1887.  This  church  was  taken  down 
in  1887,  and  until  the  erection  of  the  Second  Avenue  Church  in 


998 


THE    CHURCHES. 


NEW    YORK     CITY — BOROUGH     OF     MANHATTAN — COLLEGIATE    CHURCH. 

1892,   (see  church  Xo.   (12))   this  congregation  worshipped  at   14 
Lafayette  Place. 


v  mejCo7iouraoLe 

RIP  VAN  DAM.E7 

Reduced  I'ac-Sisiile  or  Pbint  Pubustced  1731 

Engraved 'byW.  Eusluii 
THE    OLD    MIDDLE    CHURCH,    NASSAU    STREET,     1 729 

(10).  Fifth   Avenue  and  Twenty-ninth   St.   1854.     During  the  last 
decade     this     building    has    become    popularly    known    as    "The 


THE   CHURCHES.  999 

NEW     YORK     CITY — BOROUGH     OF     MANHATTAN — COLLEGIATE    CHURCH. 

Marble  Church."     Supplied  by  Collegiate  Ministers  in  rotation, 

1854-71.— Ormiston,  1871-88,  Burrell,  D.  J.  1891 .    Assistants: 

Hulbert,  P.  S.  1892-4,  Myers,  A.  E.  1893 ,  Clark,  J.  L.  1895-7, 

Bradshaw,  1897 

(11).  Fifth  Avenue  and  Forty-eighth  Street,  1872.  (The  Chapel 
in  the  rear  of  this  Church  was  erected  in  1866.  In  July,  1869,  the 
corner-stone  of  the  church  was  laid.  The  church  was  dedicated 
in  1872.  From  1866-71,  the  Collegiate  ministers  officiated  in  this 
Chapel,  in  rotation.  See  "Year  Book,"  1893,  page  30.  Ludlow, 
Jas.  M.  1872-7,  Coe,  E.  B.  1879-99,  when  he  was  constituted 
Senior   Minister.— Assistants:      Ingham,  J.    A.    1892-3,    Laidlaw, 

W.  93-5,  Farr,  J.  M.  95-6,  Hageman,  A.  1899 

(12).  Second  Avenue  and  Seventh  St.  1892.  Continuation  of  the 
Middle  Dutch  Church,  No.  (9).     Hutchins,  J.  1892-5,  Fagg,  J.  G. 

^95 .    Assistants:     Davis,  C.  E.  92-3,  Niles,  98-1901,  Meury, 

E.  G.  W.  1901 

(13).  West   End   Avenue   and    Seventy-seventh    St.    1892.       Cobb, 

H.  E.  1893 .     Assistants:     Case,  C.  P.   1900-1,  Weber,  H.  C. 

1902 

(14).  University  Heights,   West    181st  st.    1895-1900.     In  the  Borough 

of  The  Bronx.     Services  held  in  the  Chapel  of  the  University  of 

the  City  of  New  York.     Schenck,  F.  S.  1897-99.     Services  were 

discontinued  here  in  1900.     See  "Collegiate  Church  Year  Book," 

1895,  91 ;  1896,  238 ;  1897,  407. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  all   the  ministers  of  the   Collegiate   Church 

together,   whether  serving  in  one  particular  church,  or,  as  was  the  case 

generally,  from  1729-1871,  in  rotation: 

Ministers   of   the   Collegiate    Church;    Michaelius,    1628 ?     Bo- 

gardus,  E.  1633-47,  Backerus,  1647-9,  Megapolensis,  J.  1649-70,  (Selyns  of 
Brooklyn,  at  the  Governor's  Bowery,  1660-4.)  Drisius,  1652-73,  Mega- 
polensis, S.  1664-8,  (supplied  by  Luyck,  1671,)  Van  Niewenhuysen,  i67r- 
82,  Selyns,  1682-1701,  Du  Bois,  Gaulterus,  1699-1751,  Boel,  I7I3-54,  Rit- 
zema,  1744-84,  De  Ronde,  1751-84,  Laidlie,  1764-79,  Livingston,  J.  H.  1770- 
1810,  Linn,  1786-1805,  Kuypers,  G.  A.  1789-1833,  Abeel,  J.  N.  1795-1812, 
Schureman,  1809-12,  Brodhead,  1809-13,  Milledoler,  1813-25,  Knox,  1816- 
58,  Strong,  P.  N.  1816-25,  Brownlee,  1826-60,  De  Witt,  T.  1827-74,  Ver- 
milye,  T.  E.  1839-93,  Chambers,  1849-96,  Duryea,  Jos.  T.  1862-7,  Ludlow, 

Jas.  M.   1868-77,  Ormiston,  1870-88,  Coe,  E.  B.   1879 •     Burrell,  D.  J. 

1891 .     Mackay,  D.  S.  1899 . 

Assistant  Ministers  of  the  Collegiate  Church,   (see  "Year  Book,"  1893, 

p.   117)  :       Hutchins,  John,   1892-5,   Cobb,   H.  E.  1893 .    Fagg,  J.   G. 

^96 .     Schenck,  F.  S.  1897-9. 

See  "Greenleaf's  Hist,  of  the  Churches  of  New  York." — "Valentine's 
Manuals  N.Y."  "Gen.  and  Biog.  Rec." — "Doc.  Hist."  iii.  69,  72,  74,  241- 
324,  576,  640,  712.  "Col.  Hist."  i.  299;  ii.  440,  441,  705,  730;  iii.  311,  415,. 
608;   iv.  400,  620;   ix.  548.     See  "Amsterdam   Correspondence,"   which  is 


IOOO  THE    CHURCHES. 

XI.W      YORK     CITV — BOROUGH     OF     MANHATTAN — COLLEGIATE     CHURCH. 

voluminous.  "Minutes  of  Church.  1639  to  present  time."  "Dr.  Thomas 
De  Witt's  Hist.  Disc."  1856.  with  Brodhead's  notes.  "Centennial  of  North 
Dutch  Church,"  1869.  Chambers'  "Recalling  the  Past."  "Brodhead's 
N.Y."     The  Several  Histories  of  the  City  of  N.Y.,  as  Mary  Booth's,  Mrs. 


THE    NORTH    CHURCH,    FULTON    STREET,     I  7O9 

th'  Hist.  N.Y."  "Gunn's  Memoir  of  Dr.  J.  H.  Livingston." 
"Sedgewick's  Life  of  Hon.  Win.  Livingston."  "Mag.  R.D.C."  iii.  52. 
"Jas.  Granl  Wilson's  Memorial  Hist,  of  New  York."— "Am.  Ch.  Hist. 
Series."  Vol.  viii.,  for  much  material  relating  to  early  history  of  Collegiate 
Church,   and   the  origin  of  its  ch  ami    revised,   in    this 

tl.  pp.  15-130.     Dr.  ]      I     1  "<  '     Address  at  Bicentennial  of  the  Char- 


THE   CHURCHES.  IOOI 

NEW     YORK     CITY — BOROUGH     OF     MANHATTAN — COLLEGIATE    CHURCH. 

ter  of  the  Church,  1896.  Rev.  Dr.  Van  Pelt's  "History  of  Greater  New 
York."  Documents  obtained  by  Dr.  E.  T.  Corwin,  in  Holland  in  1897-8, 
now  in  course  of  publication  by  the  State  of  New  York.  These  furnish 
material  for  a  very  complete  history  of  this  Church.  See  also  the  "Me- 
morials" of  the  ministers  under  their  respective  names,  and  their  Bibliog- 
raphy. The  "Year  Books"  of  the  Collegiate  Church  published  regularly 
from   1880.     These  contain  much  historical  material. 

CHAPELS    OF    THE    COLLEGIATE    CHURCH. 

(a).  De  Witt  Chapel,  1861-95.  (160  West  29th  st.)  Clark,  W.  H.  65- 
9,  Bertholf,  70-83,  Mandeville,  G  H.  83-5,  Junor,  K.  F.  86-95, 
when  this  chapel  was  merged  in  the  34th  st.  church.  See 
Chapel    (f.). 

(b).  Knox  Memorial  Chapel,  1866.  (At  514  Ninth  Av.  until  1898; 
then  at  405-9  West  41st  st.)  Supplied  by  students  and  others: 
Merritt,  W\,  Anderson,  W.  H.,  Jones,  T.  W.,  Shaw,  J.  F.  Griffis, 
W.  E.  May-Nov.  1870;  pastors:  DeHart,  W.  H.,  71-7,  Thompson, 
Ab.  77-86,  Kommers,  T.  J.  86-8,  Vaughan,  Wm.  1888 

(c).  North  Church  Chapel,  1869.  (113  Fulton  st.)  McNair,  J.  L. 
68-71,  Plumley,  G.  S.  76-8,  Park,  A.  J.  78-82,  See,  J.  L.  82-4,  Ten 
Eyck,  W.  H.  84-5. — The  Fulton  st.  Prayer  Meeting  was  started  in 
the  Consistory  Room  of  the  Fulton  st.  Church,  (103  Fulton  st.) 
in  1857,  and  was  under  the  charge  of  Jeremiah  C.  Lanphier.  1857- 

93,  and  of  C.   F.   Cutter.   1893 ■     The   Fulton   st.   Church  was 

taken  down  in  1875.  Meanwhile,  in  1869,  the  Consistory  had 
built  a  chapel  at  113  Fulton  st.  for  the  Fulton  st.  Prayer  Meeting, 
and  employed  the  services  of  laymen  as  conductors  of  the  same, 
and  as  missionaries  in  that  part  of  the  city. 

(d).  Seventh  Avenue  Chapel,  1869-85.  (Corner  of  54th  st.)  Clark, 
W.  H.  69-72,  Carroll,  V.  B.  73-7,  Shaw,  A.  77-9,  Duryee,  Jos.  R. 
79-85,  when  this  chapel  was  organized  into  "The  Grace  Reformed 
Church,"   No.  52,   which  see. 

(e).  Vermilye  Chapel,  1890.  (416  West  54th  st.)  Under  charge  of  a 
Superintendent,  M.  Austin,  92-5  ;  pastors  :  Bradshaw,  A.  H.  95-7, 
Howland,  S.  W.  97-1900,  Ackert,  W.  R.  1901 

(f).  Thirty-fourth  St.  Church,  1895.  (The  34th  st.  church  and 
the  DeWitt  Chapel  were  united  in  1895.)  Junor,  K.  F.  95-8, 
Elliott,  J.  H.  1898 ■ 

NEW    YORK    CITY BOROUGH    OF    MANHATTAN. 

ALL  CHURCHES   ARRANGED   IN   CHRONOLOGICAL   ORDER. 

2.  Harlem,  (Third  Av.  and  121st  St.)  1660.  Supplied  by  ministers 
from  New  York,  generally,  1660-1744.  (Beys,  Henricus,  1710- 
12.  as  an  Episcopalian).     Ritzema,  1744-65,  Schoomaker,  M.  1765- 


1002  THE   CHURCHES. 

NEW    YORK    CITY — R-OROUGH    OF    MANHATTAN. 

84,  Jackson,  J.  F.  1792-1806,  Romeyn,  Jer.  1807-14,  Vermeule, 
16-36,  Schoonmaker,  R.  L.  37-47,  Lord,  Jer.  48-69,  Mandeville, 
G.  H.  69-81,  Smyth,  81-91.  Continued  as  the  Harlem  Collegiate 
Church,  1886.  (1)  Third  Avenue  and  121st  Street.  (2)  Lenox 
Avenue.  Pastors :  Elmendorf,  J.  1886 .  Harsha,  92-9,  Til- 
ton,  E.   1898 .     Ralston,  1900 .     See  "Mandeville's  Golden 

Memories." 

3.  French  Reformed,  1668,  in  the  Fort. 

[French  services  had  been  occasionally  held  in  the  city  from  the  first 
settlement  of  the  colony.  One  half,  of  the  50  communicants  in  1628  were 
Walloons.  Additional  French  Protestants  soon  settled  on  Staten  Island 
and  Long  Island,  and  at  first  attended  occasional  French  services  in  the 
city.  After  1638  there  was  a  notable  increase  of  French  immigrants, 
through  the  influence  of  the  Bayards,  and  a  French  Club  was  organized 
in  the  city.  Between  1648-58  the  French  population  was  largely  aug- 
mented, many  Waldenses  being  among  them.  Between  1650-70  large  num- 
bers of  French  and  Walloons  settled  in  Ulster  Co.  N.Y.,  while  many 
located  on  Staten  Island,  at  New  Utrecht,  Bushwick,  Flushing,  Bedford 
and  Harlem.     From  the  latter  place  a  colony  went  to  Hackensack  in  1677.] 

These  scattered  French  settlers  were  supplied  occasionally  either  in  the 
Dutch  church  in  New  York  or  in  their  own  settlements,  by  Michaelius, 
1628,  Drisius,  1652-73,  perhaps  by  Carpentier,  1657-84,  Zyperius,  1659-63, 
perhaps  by  Carre,  of  Rhode  Island,  1687,  and  by  Daille,  1682-96.  But 
under  the  Catholic  Governor,  Dougan,  1683-88,  with  his  Roman  chapel  in 
the  Fort,  and  priests,  the  French  exiles  for  conscience'  sake  felt  uncom- 
fortable. The  persecutions  in  France  before  the  Revocation  of  the  Edict 
of  Nantes,  1685,  had  already  sent  numbers  of  Huguenots  to  New  York, 
and  -till  larger  numbers  came  after  that  decree.  These  were  organized 
into  a  church  in  Marketfield  st.  in  1688,  and  the  earlier  French,  who  had 
worshipped  in  the  Fort,  now  merged  themselves  in  this  new  French  church 
organized  by  pastor  Peiret. 

Pastors:  Daille,  1683-6,  but  after  1692  itinerating  generally  among  the 
French  churches  in  the  country;  Peiret,  1686-1704;  (new  church  building, 
1704-1831,  at  corner  of  Pine  and  Nassau  streets)  ;  Laborei,  1704- 
6.  Bonrepos,  David,  1706-10,  Rou,  1710-50,  Moulinars,  1718-26,  Mayor, 
1752-4,  Carle,  Jean,  1754-64;  (in  1764,  this  church  refused  to  con- 
form to  the  Church  of  England.  In  1755,  it  adopted  the  later  version 
of  1724,  of  the  French  Bible — "The  Holy  Bible  of  Geneva,  with  Reflec- 
tions"— .  In  1763,  it  adopted  a  new  version  of  the  French  Psalms.  In 
1763  a  charter  was  applied  for,  but  without  success)  ;  Tetard,  1764-7, 
Kettletas,  1766-76,  de  Martcl,  1770-1  ;  (church  closed,  1776-96)  ;  Duby, 
supply,  1796-7.  Albert,  1797-1804,  when  it  became  Episcopalian. — See 
"Collections  of  French  Huguenot  Society,"  Vol.  i. 

4.  [Garden  st.  1693.     See  Collegiate  Churches,  No.  (5.)] 

5.  [Cedar  st.  1729.     See  Collegiate  Churches,  No.   (6.)] 


THE   CHURCHES.  1003 

NEW    YORK    CITY — EOROUGH    OF    MANHATTAN. 

6.  German  Reformed,  Sixty-eighth  st.  1758.  (In  Nassau  St.,  between 
Maiden  Lane  and  John  st.,  1758-1822).  Rosenkrantz,  1758-9.  Kails, 
1759-60,  Rothenbergler,  (or  Rothenbuler),  1761-2;  (joined  R.D. 
Church,  1763)  ;  Kern,  1763-72,  Foering,  1772-4,  Gerhard,  1774-6, 
(Revolution)  Gros,  1783-95,  Milledoler,  1795-1800,  Will,  1802, 
Runkle,  1805-12,  Dreyer,  1812-14,  (Smith,  1812-14,  probably  over 
a  faction),  Labagh.  Isaac,  1814-22;  (at  19-21  Forsyth  st.  1822-61)  ; 
Knouse,  1823-7,  Mills,  1823-33,  (Lewis  Smith,  a  Lutheran,  1833- 
8,)  Rudy,  Miss,  to,  1835-8,  Ebaugh,  (S.S.)  1838-9;  again,  1844- 
51  ;  (again,  claiming  to  be  the  pastor,  but  without  much  follow- 
ing, 1857-67;  in  1861,  removed  to  147-153  Norfolk  St.);  Friedel, 
1S66-74,    Neef,   1875-82,   Hager,  A.   H.   1883-4,   Erhardt,   1884-94, 

Schlegel,  Chs.   1896 .     (In  1897,  removed  to  68th  st.  between 

1st  and  2d  avs. 
Note. — From  1823-38  this  church  tried  to  claim  independency  of  Classis. 
In  1846  the  Civil  Court  declared  the  church  defunct,  but  this  does  not 
seem  to  have  been  the  case.  In  1852  the  Classis  of  New  York  declared 
the  church  defunct ;  and  in  the  same  year,  the  German  Evangelical  3d  was 
organized ;  but  exceedingly  complex  legal  difficulties  ensued.  This  church 
also  claimed  to  be  a  part  of  the  Collegiate  Church,  but  the  Collegiate 
Church  denied  this,  in  their  answer  in  the  Marselus  suit,  in  1851. 

In  1850-1,  Ebaugh's  church  (see  his  name),  is  said  to  have  been  in  17th 
st.  ("Mints.  Gen.  Syn."  1850,  43;  1851,  150)  ;  but  in  1852,  the  simple  name 
"Ger.  Refd.  Ch."  occurs  in  the  "Minutes  of  Gen.  Syn,"  but  without  loca- 
tion, and  Ebaugh's  name  is  omitted.  In  1853,  357,  the  name  "Ger.  Refd. 
Ch."  is  omitted  from  itsi  proper  place,  and  a  new  name,  "3d  Ger.  Refd. 
Prot.  Dutch  Ch."  is  placed  at  the  end  of  the  list,  but  without  a  pastor. 
In  1854,  C.  Dickhaut  appears  as  pastor,  but  in  1855  and  1856,  it  is  vacant. 
But  Ebaugh's  name  appears  in  1856,  as  pastor  of  a  "4th  Ger.  Ch.,"  but 
this  is  now  in  the  South  Classis  of  New  York.  In  1857,  Friedel's  name 
appears  as  pastor  of  the  "3d  Ger.  Ch."  in  the  South  Classis  of  N.  Y.,  and 
Ebaugh's  name  is  placed  as  pastor,  simply,  of  a  "Refd.  Ger.  Ch.,"  but  no 
statistics  are  given  from  1859  to  1867,  when  the  name  of  "Ebaugh"  and 
his  "Ger.  Refd.  Ch."  both  finally  disappear  from  the  statistical  tables. 

In  the  meantime  Friedel  had  continued  as  pastor  of  the  so-called  "3d 
Ger.  Ch.,"  1856-66,  when  this  name  is  dropped,  and  thenceforth,  Friedel 
appears  as  pastor  of  the  "Ger.  Refd.  Prot.  Dutch  Ch."  1866-74.— This 
Norfolk  st.  church,  (now  68th  st.)  claims  to  be  the  continuation  of  the 
original  German  church  of  1758.  Without  a  definite  opinion,  the  pastors' 
names  given  above,  are  arranged  on  that  basis. 

See  "Reports  of  the  Civil  Suits."— "Mints,  of  Classis  of  New  York," 
and  of  South  Classi5  of  N.Y. — "A  Vindication  and  Defence  of  the  Ger. 
Refd.  Ch.  and  its  Pastor,"  by  Ebaugh,  1851 ;  with  an  Appendix  of  30 
pages. — "On  the  Other  Side:  a  True  Report  of  the  Last  Trial  of  Rev. 
John  S.  Ebaugh,  etc.  in  the  Classis  of  N.Y."  1852.  Published  anonymously 
(but  known  to  be  by  Rev.  W.  R.  Gordon). — Also  "Protest  of  the  Con- 


1004  THE   CHURCHES. 

NEW    YORK    CITY — BOROUGH   OF    MANHATTAN. 

sistory  of  Ger.  Refd.  Ch.  as  Appellants,  to  the  Particular  Synod  of  New 
York,  vs.  the  Classis  of  N.Y."  1852. — For  origin  of  this  church,  see  "Mints. 
of  Collegiate  Ch.  of  N.Y."  1758,  p.  273,  of  Dr.  Chambers'  English  Trans- 
lation.— Also  Dedication  Souvenir  of  Ger.  Refd.  Prot.  Ch.  of  68th  st.  1898. 
There  is  a  brief  sketch  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  but  not  very  accurate,  1893,  Feb.  23d. 
There  is  a  tablet  in  the  wall  to  Baron  Steuben,  of  Revolutionary  fame. 
The  original  John  Jacob  Astor  was  one  of  the  founders  of  this  German 
Ch.,  1758. 

7.  [Fulton    st.     Church — the     North     Dutch,      1769.     See     Collegiate 

Churches,  No.   (7.)] 

8.  Greenwich,  1803.     (Bleecker  and  Amos  sts.  until  1863;  then  in  46th 

st.  near  6th  av.  until  1866.)  Rowan,  1807-19,  Hardenbergh,  C. 
1820-1,  Marselus,  1822-58,  Van  Arsdale,  C.  C.  1852-4.  Marvin, 
1855-8,  Strong,  T.  C.  1859-66.     "Mag.  R.D.C."  ii.  319. 

9.  Bloomingdale,    1805,    West    Seventy-first    St.,    now    on    Boulevard. 

Bogart,  D.  S.  1806-7,  Gunn,  1809-29,  Kip,  F.  M.  30-1,  supplied  by 
Labagh,  I.  P.  31-2,  Burtiss,  34,  Van  Aken,  E.  35-85  Martyn,  83- 
90,  Peters,  90-1900,  Stinson,  1900 

10.  Madison  Av.  cor.  of  57th  st.    1808.     (Formerly  called  the  North- 

west  Church;  located  in  Franklin  st.  near  West  Broadway,  until 
1854;  then  in  23d  st.  between  6th  and  7th  avs.  until  1871).  Bork, 
1808-23,  Du  Bois,  G.  24-37,  Hunt,  37-9,  supplied  by  Harkness,  40, 
Hardenbergh,  J.    B.   40-56,   Ganse,    56-75,   Lloyd,    W.    S.    (S.S.) 

77-8,  Reed,  E.  78-86,  Kittridge,  1886 .  "Mag.  R.D.C."  ii.  212.— 

Reed's  Sermon,  1878,  on  "Manly  Christianity,"  contains  a  brief 
sketch  of  this  church. 

11.  Market  St.  1810.     McMurray,  20-35,  Ferris,  I.  36-52,  Cnyler,  T.  L. 

54-9,  Murray,  ('i-3,  Dutcher,  63-6.     Dissolved,  1869. 

12.  South  Dutch,  1812.     [245  Madison  Av.  cor.  of  38th  St. — Withdrew 

from  the  Collegiate  connection  in  1812.  In  Garden  st.  till  1835, 
when  the  building  was  burned  in  the  great  fire.  In  1837  the 
church  divided  into  Murray  st.  1837-48,  and  Washington  Square, 
(No.  25),  1837-76.]  In  1848  this  church  removed  to  5th  av.  and 
21  st  st.,  and  subsequently  to  its  present  site.  Matthews,  1813-37, 
,n,   M.  S.  34-7,  Macauley,  J.  M.  38-62,  Rogers,  E.  P.  62-81, 

Ti  rry,  1881 

(]).  Manor  Chapel,  1866.  328  West  26th  st.  This  chapel  was 
started  in  1855,  and  supported  1>>  several  churches.  In  1866  it 
was  taken  in  charge  by  the  South  Dutch  Ch.  Pastors:  Kiehle, 
1  >avid,   Brooks,   Elmore,  Goodknight,    1875,   Billingsley,   1880 

13.  Seventh   Av.  1823.     (In  Houston   St.   [823  52.     In  ;th  Av.  1852-9.) 

Baldwin,  Eli,  1825-39,  De  Mund,  39"48,  Whitehead,  48-9,  Gordon, 
\Y.    R.   49-58,   Dutcher.    1858-9,    when   church    united   with    West 
Refd.  D.  Ch.  on  6th  Av.     See  Union,  No.  40.     For  early  history, 
see  "Ch.  Int."  Aug.  12.   1852. 
1  |.  Thirty-fourth   St.    (No.   307-)    1823.     In   Broome  st.    1823-60,  when 


THE   CHURCHES.  1005 

NEW    YORK    CITY — BOROUGH   OF    MANHATTAN. 

removed  to  34th  st.)  McLean,  25-6,  Brodhead,  Jac.  26-37,  Van 
Vranken,  S.  A.  37-41,  Fisher,  G.  H.  41-55,  Voorhees,  H.  V.  55-6, 
Stryker,  Peter,  56-68,  Riley,  Is.  68-73,  Martyn,  Carlos,  76-83, 
Dickson,  J.  M.  83-9,  Stryker,  P.  89-1896,  when  this  church  united 
with  the  DeWitt  Chapel,  of  the  Collegiate  Church. 
See   (f),  under  Chapels  of  Collegiate  Church. 

15.  African  Church,  1823.     Jordan,  M.  1823-9. 

16.  Bank  St.   (No.  21).  1823.     (This  is  a  Seceder  Church,  which  was 

in  King  st.  1826-66,  in  Perry  st.  1866-93,  when  it  removed  to 
Bank  st.)  Demarest,  C.  T.  1824-39,  Westervelt,  S.  D.  39S1, 
Demarest,  C.  T.  52-62,  Van  Houten,  A.  66-78,  Westervelt,  J.  A. 
80-8,  Iserman,  H.  92-8,  Van  der  Beek,  S.  I.   (S.S.)   99-1901. 

17.  Orchard    St.    1826.     Teller,   26-9,   Abeel.    D.    supplied,   29,   Harden- 

bergh,  J.  B.  29-30,  supplied  by  Janeway,  J.  J.  30-1,  by  Labagh, 
I.  P.  31-2. 

[Rivington  St.  Station,  1827.     Shimeall,  missionary  to,  1827-8.] 
[Yorkville  Station,  1827.     Frey,  Miss,  to,  1827.] 

18.  Manhattan,    1829    (71    Av.    B.)        Knouse,    29-33,    Van    Kleek,   35, 

Marcellus,  35-6,  Cornell,  F.  F.  36-56,  Collier,  Ezra,  54-6,  Wiggins, 
57-70,  Cummings,  1870-2. 

19.  Vandewater  St.  1830.     Dey,  1830- 1. 

20.  Ninth  St.  T831.     Central  Ch.     Kip,  F.  M.  1831-6,  (from  1836  to  55, 

belonged  to  Collegiate  Ch.),  Van  Zandt,  A.  B.  1856-9.  See  Colle- 
giate Ch.   (8). 

21.  North   St.   1833.     How,   S.  B.,  Miss,  to,   1828-9,   Messier,  Miss,  to, 

1828-9. 

22.  Fortieth  Street,  1836.     (In  21st  st.   1836-69,  on  land  given  by  Rev. 

John  Frelinghuysen  Jackson  and  family).  May,  E.  H.  39-48, 
Van  Nest,  A.  R.  48-62,  Bethune,  59-62,  Thompson,  A.  R.  62-73. 

23.  [Ninth  St.  1836-55-     See  Collegiate  Ch.  No.   (8.)] 

24.  [Murray  St.  1837.     See  South  Dutch,  No.  12.] 

25.  Washington  Square,  1837.      (See  South  Dutch,  No.    12.)    Mathews, 

37-42,  Huttcn,  M.  S.  1837-76. 

26.  German    Evangelical    Mission,    1838.     (141    East    Houston    st.) 

Rudy,  39-42,  Guldin,  J.  C.  42-63,  Geyer,  1863 

27.  [La  Fayette   Place,  Middle  Church,    1839.     See  Collegiate  Church, 

No.   "(9.)] 

28.  Washington   Heights,    1843.     Whitehead.    Chas.    1854-62,   Voorhees, 

H.  M.   1862-5. 

29.  Stanton    St.    1843.     Services    at    first    on    Broadway.     Lillie,    John, 

1843-8.     Became  Presbyterian. 

30.  Mt.  Pleasant,   (Fiftieth  St.)    1846.     Brett.   P.  M.   1846-51,  Jameson, 

1852-62,  Miller,  W.  H.  1862-3,  See,  I.  M.  1864-7,  disbanded. 

31.  German  Evangelical,   2d,   1848.     (Grand   st.)      Steins,   1849,   Birkey, 

1862-65,  disbanded. 

32.  West   Reformed   Dutch,    1850.     (Sixth   Av.)     Cary,    185 1,    McKee, 


1000  THE    CHURCHES. 

NEW    YORK    CITY — BOROUGH    OK    MANHATTAN. 

1852-8.  In  1859.  united  with  Seventh  Ay.  ch.  to  form  the  "Union 
Church,"  No.  40,  which  see. 

33.  Livingston  Ch.  (Eighth  Av.)   185 1.     Lloyd,  1851-3.  McGregor,  1855, 

Zabriskie,  F.  N.  1856-9,  united  with  Thirty-fourth  St. — See 
"Zabriskie's  Hist,  of." 

34.  German   Evangelical,    3d,    1852.     Dickhaut,    1854,    Friedel,    1856-75. 

35.  Harlem,  German,  1853.     Bielfield,  1855. 

36.  [Fifth  Avenue  and   Twenty-ninth    St.    1854,    Marble   Church.     See 

Collegiate  Church,  No.    (10.)] 

37.  German   Evangelical,  4th,    1854.     Schwedes,    1855.     Joined   German 

R.C.  1866. 

38.  Seventh  Ave.   1857.     German. 

39.  German  Reformed  Dutch,  4TH,  1858.     (240  West  40th  St.)  Oerter, 

1858 

40.  Union,    1859,    (No.   25    Sixth  Av.)     Formed   by   the   union   of  the 

7th  Av.  Ch.  No.  13,  and  the  West,  No.  32.  Dutcher,  59-63,  Hart- 
ley, 64-9,  Danner,  70-3,  Merritt,  73-9,  Fairchild,  80-6,  Jones,  C.  A. 
87-90,  Meyers,  H.  V.  S.  91-4,  vacant,  1894-9,  name  dropped,  1900. 

41.  Prospect  Hill,  i860.     (First  on  86th  st.  and  3d  av. ;  then  on  85th 

st.  and  2d  av. ;  since  1886,  at  Park  av.  and  89th  st.).  Quacken- 
bush,  1861-1900;  assistants,  Myers,  H.  V.  S.,  May-Oct.  1870, 
Walser,  83-8,  Folmsby,  93-6;  Cox,  H.  M.  1901 

42.  North  Trinity,  1861.     (Corner  of  Broadway  and  Thirty-fourth  st.) 

43.  [DeWitt  Chapel,  1861.     See  Collegiate  Church  Chapels,  (a.)] 

44.  [Knox  Memorial  Chapel,  1866.  See  Collegiate  Church  Chapels,  (b.)] 

45.  Holland    Church,    1866.     (279    West    nth    st.)   .  Utterwick,    1866-9, 

Bechthold,  70-84,  Warnshuis,  J.  W.  87-8,  Ossewaarde,  M.  91-3. 
Name  of  church  dropped,  1897.  This  Holland  church  used  the 
Lecture  Rooms  of  Collegiate  Churches,  1866-73. 

46.  [Manor   Chapel  of  the   South   Church.     1866.     See   South   Church, 

No.  12  (i.)] 

47.  Forty-eighth  St.  Chapel,  1866-72.     Supplied  by  the  Collegiate  minis- 

ters in  rotation,  1866-71.     See  Collegiate  Church,  No.  (n). 

48.  [North  Church  Chapel,  1869.     See  Collegiate  Church  Chapels,  (c.)] 

49.  [Seventh    Avenue    Chapel,    1869.     See    Collegiate    Church    Chapels, 

(d.)l 

50.  [Fifth  Avenue  and  Forty-eighth  St.  1872.     See  Collegiate  Churches, 

No.    (11.)] 

51.  Avenue  B,  cor.  5th  st.   1874.     (German).     Steffens,   71-6,  Bantley, 

767,  Schlegel,  Jacob,  77 

52.  Grace  Ri  j  S85.     (Seventh  Av.  cor.  54th  St.     This  was  pre- 

viously the  Seventh  Av.  Chapel  of  the  Collegiate  Church,  1869-85). 
Duryee,  Jos.  R.  1885 .     See  "Collegiate  Ch.  Yr.  Bk."  1886,  59. 

53.  Yorkville.   (Ger.)   1885.     (84th  st.)     Goebel,  G.  A.  T.  85-95. 

54.  [Harlem   2d,    (Lenox  Av.)    1886.     See    Harlem   Collegiate,   No.   2, 

(2.)] 


THE   CHURCHES.  1007 

NEW   YORK   CITY — BOROUGH    OF    MANHATTAN. 

55.  [Vermilye  Chapel,  1890.     See  Collegiate  Church  Chapels,  (e.)] 

56.  [Second  Avenue,  Middle  Church,    1892.     See   Collegiate   Churches, 

(12.)] 

57.  [West  End  Avenue,   1892.     See  Collegiate  Churches,    (13.)] 

58.  [Thirty-fourth  Street  Church,   1895.     See  Collegiate  Church  Chap- 

els,  (f.)] 

II.  NEW   YORK   CITY — BOROUGH   OF   THE   BRONX. 

59.  Fordham,    May    11,    1696.       Montaigne,    1696-..,    Tetard,    1712-44, 

Ritzema,  1744-70,  reorganized,  1802;  Jackson,  J.  F.  1819-36,  Van 
Pelt,  37-47,  Cahoone,  47-8,  Bevicr,  51-3,  Beattie,  Jas.  54-6,  Bolton, 
56-65,   Fehrman.   66-9,   Brush,   W.   69-74,   Anderson,    Win.   76-87, 

Anderson,  W.  F.  81-93,  Hodson,  ^894 .     "Doc.  Hist."  iii.  576. 

On  Aug.  26,  1729,  John  Bussing  contracted  to  complete  the  Fordham  Ch. 
for  £4.— "Eng.  Transl.  Mints.  N.Y.  Ch.,"  B.  86.  "Bolton's  Westchester," 
ii.  322,  says  that  as  early  as  167 1  the  people  of  Fordham  were  obliged  to 
contribute  to  the  support  of  the  Dutch  Church  at  Fordham. — See  "Dr. 
Thos.  De  Witt's  Hist.  Appendix  to  Dr.  Dickerson's  Dedicatory  Ser.,"  1849. 

60.  West  Farms,  1839.     Supplied  by  Bourne,  39-42,  Collins,  B.  V.  42-5, 

Simonson,  45-52,  Burghardt,  52-5,  Van  Wyck,  P.  56-67,  Van 
Slyke,  E.  67-71,  Simonson,  71-81,  Blair,  H.  P.  81-4,  Bolton,  84-8, 
Andrews,  L.  C.  90-6,  Weber,  H.  C.  1896-1902. 

61.  Mott  Haven,  St.  Paul's,  1851.     (East  146th  st.)  Van  Doren,  W.  T. 

52-3,  De  Puy,  53-4,  Enyard,  58-65,  Du  Bois,  H.  66-87,  Hooper, 
Feb. -Dec.  88,  Talmage,  G.  E.  90-8,  Dobbs,  (S.S.)  98-1900,  pastor, 

62.  Melrose,  1854.     (Washington  Av.  near  157th  St.)     Schroepfer,  55- 

61,  Dahlman,  61-3,  Wagner,  J.  M.  63-6,  Meury,  John,  67-70, 
Windemuth,  70-6,  Lang,  J.  E.  76-91,  Miller,  G.  H.  1892 

63.  Union,    High    Bridge,    1874.     (Ogden    Av.)     DuBois,    H.    (S.S.) 

74-84,  Martin,  D.  H.  84-qo,  Cox,  H.  M.  90-9,  Voorhees,  J.  B. 
1899 

64.  Hamilton    Grange,    1887.     (Convent    Av.    and    West    145th    St.) 

Westerfteld,  88-91,  Morgan,  J.  F.  91-2,  Chapin,  1892 

65.  Anderson    Memorial   of   Belmont,    1893.       Giffin,    J.    93,    Frazee, 

A.  D.  D.  94-5,  Gasten,  Jos.  95-6,  Watson,  C.  S.  (S.S.)  96-7,  Perry, 
W.  D.   (S.S.)  97-8,  Hunter,  Jas.  1898 

66.  Church    of   the   Comforter,    1894.     (i62d    St.    and    Morris   Av.) 

Myers,  H.  V.  S.  1894 

[University    Heights,    1895.        See    Collegiate    Church,    N.Y.C. 
No.   (14.)] 

67.  Bethany  Memorial,  1899.     Lonsdale,    (S.S.)    1900 

III.  NEW  YORK  CITY — BOROUGH  OF  BROOKLYN. 

68.  Flatbush,    (Midwout,)    L.I.    1654.     Polhemus,  J.   T.    1654-76,    (as- 

sisted by  Megapolensis,  J.  1664-9,)  Van  Zuuren,  1677-85,   (Clark, 


1008  THE   CHURCHES. 

NEW    YORK    CITY — BOROUGH    OF    BROOKLYN. 

Jas.  1685-95,)?  Varick,  1685-95,  Lupardus,  1695-1702,  Freeman, 
1705-41,  Antonides,  1705-44,  Arondeus,  1742-7,  Van  Sinderin, 
1746-84,  Curtenius,  1755-6,  Rubel,  1759-83,  Schoonmaker,  M. 
1784-1824,  Lowe,  1787-1818,  Monteith,  19-20,  Strong,  T.  M.  22-61, 

assistant,    R.    G.    Strong,    58-60,    Wells,    C.    1861 .     "Strong's 

Hist,  of  Flatbush." 

(1).  Grace  Chapel,  1871.  Strong,  R.  G.  71-3.  Wright,  C.  S.  77- 
83,  Hansen,  83-6,  Boocock,  86-99,  Wyckoff,  C.  S.  1899 

69.  Flatlands,    (Amersfort,   Midwout.)    L.I.    1654.       Polhemus,  J.   T. 

1654-76,  (assisted  by  Megapolensis,  J.  1664-9,)  Van  Zuuren,  1677- 
85,  Vanck,  1685-94,  Lupardus,  1695-1702,  Antonides,  1705-44, 
Arondeus,  1742-7,  Van  Sinderin,  1746-84,  Curtenius,  1755-6, 
Rubel,  1759-83,  Schoonmaker,  1784-1824.  Lowe,  P.  1787-1818, 
Monteith,  19-20,  Cruikshank,  24  34,  Baldwin,  36-52,  Davie,  53-61," 
Doolittle,  T.  S.  62-4,  Brett,  C.  65-9,  Dec,  DuBois,  A.  70-82,  Gard- 
ner, J.   S.   1883 .     "Doc.   Hist.   N.Y."  i.  431-     See  "Rev.   Dr. 

Anson  Du  Bois'  Hist,  of,"  in  "Stiles'  Hist,  of  Brooklyn."  Orig- 
inal MSS.  in  Sage  Library. 

70.  Bushwick,   (Boght,)   Bushwick  Av.,   1654.     Polhemus,  J.  T.   1654- 

76,  Selyns,  1660-4,  occasionally  supplied  by  Van  Zuuren.  1677-85, 
occasionally  supplied  by  Varick,  1685-94,  occasionally  supplied  by 
Lupardus,  1695-1702,  Freeman,  1705-41,  Antonides,  1705-44,  Aron- 
deus, 1742-7,  Van  Sinderin,  1746-84,  Curtenius,  1755-6,  Rubel, 
1759-83,  Schoonmaker,  M.  1784-1824,  Lowe,  P.  1787-1808,  Bas- 
sett,  181 1-24,  Meeker,  25-1830,  again,  30-76,  Powell,  76-83,  Barr, 
83-6,  Ford,  87-91,  McClelland.  T.  C.  92-3,  Jackson,  W.  H.  98- 
1900,  Hume,  J.  C.  1901 .     "Doc.  Hist."  i.  431. 

71.  Gravesend,  1655.     Polhemus,  J.  T.  1655-76,  Selyns,  1660-4,  supplied 

occasionally  by  Van  Zuuren,  1677-85,  supplied  occasionally  by 
Varick,  1685-94,  supplied  occasionally  by  Lupardus.  1695-1702, 
Antonides,  1705-44,  Arondeus,  1742-7,  Van  Sinderin,  1747-65, 
Curtenius,  1755-6,  Schoonmaker,  M.  1765-1824,  Bassett,  181 1-24, 
Labagh,  I.  P.  32-42,  Labagh,  A.  I.  42-59,  Hansen,  59-71,  Stock- 
well,    72-87,    Van    Buskirk,    87 .     "Doc.    Hist."    i.    411.    432. 

"Sutphcn's  Hist.  Disc."  1877. 

72.  Brooklyn,    (Midwout,)    Jeroloman    St.     1660.     (Polhemus,    J.    T. 

(S.S.)  1656-60,)  Selyns,  1660-1,  Carl  DeBevois,  prelector,  carried 
on  the  services.  1664;  Polhemus  again,  1664-76,  Megapolensis,  S. 
1664-8,  Van  Zuuren,  1667-85,  Rudolphus  Varick.  1685-94,  Lupar- 
dus, 1695-1702,  (Vesey,  Epis.,  1702-5,)  Freeman,  1705-41,  Anto- 
nides, 1705-44,  Arondeus,  1742-7,  Van  Sinderin,  1746-84,  Cur- 
tenius, 1755-6.  Rubel.  1759-83,  Schoonmaker.  M.  1784-1824,  Lowe, 
P.  1787-1808,  Johnson,  J.  B.  1802-1803,  Woodhull.  1806-25,  Mason, 
E.  26-8,  Rouse,  28-33,  Dwight,  M.  33-55,  Van  Gieson,  55-9.  Will- 
etts,  60-5,  Kimball,  65-74,  Dickson,  H.  R.  75-7,  Vanderveer,  D.  N. 
78-86,   Chapin,   88-9.   Farrar,    1890 .   See   "Amst.    Cor.,"   many 


THE   CHURCHES.  I00g 

NEW    YORK    CITY — BOROUGH    OF    BROOKLYN. 

letters;  "Stiles'  Hist,  of  Brooklyn,"  3  vols.,  8vo,  1869-70;  "Col. 
Hist.  N.Y.,"  see  Index;  "Doc.  Hist.  N.Y."  iii.  75;  "Mag.  R.D.C." 
iii.    52;    "Thompson's   Hist.    L.I." 

(1).  Centennial    Chapel,    (3d   Av.)       Wyckoff,    A.    N.    1876-9, 
Chapin,  87-9,  Stockwell,  90-3. 

73.  New  Utrecht.  18th  Av.   r677.     Van  Zuuren,  1677-85,    (Clark,  Jas. 

1680-95),  Varick,  1685-94,  Lupardus,  1695-1702,  Freeman,  1705- 
41,  Antonides,  1705-44,  Arondeus,  1742-7.  Van  Sinderin,  1746-84, 
Curtenius,  1755-6,  Rubel,  1759-83,  Schoonmaker,  M.  1784-1824, 
Lowe,  P.  1 787-1808,  Beattie,  1809-34,  Currie,  35-66,  Sutphen,  67- 

79,  Brush,  A.  H.  1880 .     See  "Doc.  Hist."  i.  413,  430.    "Sut- 

phen's  Hist.  Disc."  1877. 

74.  New  Lots,   (New  Lots  Av.)   1824.     Cruikshank,  W.  1824-34,  Bald- 

win, J.  C.  1836-52,  Van  Buren,  J.  M.  1852-73,  Wood,  C.  W.  1874- 
7,  Pearse,  N.  1877 

75.  William  sburgh,  (Fourth  St.  until  1869;  now  Bedford  Avenue  and 

Clymer  St.)  1829.  Demarest,  Jas.  (Sr.)  29-39,  Van  Doren, 
W.  H.  40-9,  Porter,  E.  S.  49-83,  Terhune,  84-91,  Mills,  A.  W.  93- 

4,  Duryea,  Jos.  T.  95-8,  Ennis,  H.  W.   1898 .  See  "Porter's 

Hist.  Disc."  1866. 

76.  Central,  or  2d,  or  Brooklyn  Heights,  Henry  St.  1837.     Garretson.  J. 

Miss,  to,  36-7,  Van  Arsdale,  C.  C.  supplied,  38-40,  Brodhead,  41-6, 
McLaren,  1847-49.     See  Church  on  the  Heights,  No.  86. 

77.  East  New  York,  1840.     Campbell,  W.  H.  39-41,  Schoonmaker,  M. 

V.  42-9,  Strong,  J.  P.  50-4,  Munn,  56-67,  Blauvelt,  C.  R.  68-74, 
Hill,  W.  J.  75-82,  Van  Pelt,  D.  82-7,  Brooks,  J.  W.  88-93,  Dick- 
son, J.  M.  1894 

78.  South  Brooklyn,  Third  Av.,  1840.    Van  Arsdale,  C.   C.  supplied, 

40-1,  Woodbridge,  42-50,  Rowland,  53,  Manning,  54-73,  Myers, 
H.  V.  S.  74-82,  Mason,  A.  D.  W.  82-91,  Bergen,  J.  T.  92-5,  Dick- 
haut,  B.  E.  1896 

79.  Fourth,  1841.     Williamson,  P.  S.  1841-2. 

80.  Middle,    Harrison    St.,    1846.     Oakey,    47-9,    Talmage,    J.    R.    50-2, 

Smith,  N.  E.  53-68,  Ingersoll,  Jan.  69-83,  Ford,  W.  H.  83-7- 
81    Bedford,  or  East  Brooklyn,  i847-     Lloyd,  Miss,  to,  1847,  Elmendorf, 
A    48-51,   Schenck.  J.  W.   53-5-  West,   J.  55-68,   Farmer,  68-70, 
Carroll,  J.  H.  72-6,  Kipp,  P.  E.  77-8i,  Griffin,  W.  T.  81-6,  George, 
H.  W.  (S.S.)  88,  Berg,  H.  C.  88-95,  Perry,  W.  D.   (S.S.)  95-7- 

82.  Green   Point,  Kent  St.,   1848.     Van  Nest,  A.  R.,  Miss,  to,  184S, 

Ward,  J.  W.  1849-54,  Talmage,  G.  1855-62,  Peek,  G.  H.  1863-5, 

Van    Gieson,    1866-7,    McKelvey,    A.    1867-72,    Francis,    1873 

See  G.  Talmage's  Publications. 

83.  Twelfth   St.,   1850.     (Formerly   North   Gowanus.)     Pierce,   51-75. 

Gulick,  U.  D.  75-88,  Lloyd,  J.  E.  88-1900,  Denman,  1901 

84    New    Brooklyn,    (Ger.)    1851.     (Herkimer    St.)     Dickhaut,    54-66, 


DIO  THE   CHURCHES. 

NEW    YORK    CITY — BOROUGH    OF    BROOKLYN. 

Heyser,  67-70,  Suckow,  70-9,  Weber,  Jacob,  79-93,  Erhardt, 
1894 

85.  North,  Clermont  Av.  1851.  Elmendorf,  A.  51-65,  Enyard,  65-73, 
Thompson,  A.  R.  73-84,  Perry,  W.  D.  85-90,  Hallenbeck,  E.  F. 
91-3.  McClelland,  T.  C.  93-6,  Demarest,  Jas.   (S.S.)   1898 

•86.  Church  on  the  Heights,  Pierrepont  St.,  1851.  (This  was  in  some 
respects  a  continuation  of  the  Central  Ch.,  which  Dr.  Bethune 
had  supplied  from  Sept.  1849.)  Bethune,  51-9,  Eells,  60-6,  Eddy, 
67-71,   Inglis,   72-7,   Mitchell,   78-80,    Hutton,    A.   J.   81-7,   Davis, 

W.  R.  88-9.3-  Adam,  J.  D.  1893 .  See  "Dr.  Inglis'  Hist.  Ser." 

1876. 
(1).  Chapel  on  the  Hights,  1855.     Quackenbush,  1855-9. 
(2).  Bethany  Chapel,  Hudson  Av.     Myers,  A.  E.  70-1,  Gris- 
wold,    71-2,    Shaw,    A.    72-7,    Whitehurst,    77-81,    Tilton,    89-91, 
Wyckoff,  C.  E.  93-7,  Makely,  97-1900,  Addy,  1900 

'87.  South  Bushwick,  Bushwick  Av.  1851.  Himrod,  51-9,  Wortman, 
60-3,  Hartranft,  64-6,  Voorhees,  H.  V.  67-9,  Hulst,  69-1900,  Niles, 
1901 

88.  Lee  Avenue,  1855.     Halloway,  W.  W.  1855-9,  Holmes,  J.  McC.  1859- 

64,  Willets,  1865-6,  Hicks,  1867-8,  Carroll,  1869-72. 
[North  Sixth  St.  Mission,  1858.] 

89.  Bergen  Hill,  1859-61.     Baird,  1860-61. 

90.  Ger.    Evang.,    (St.    Peter's,   Union    Av.)    E.    D.,    1866.     (Formerly 

Independent  Lutheran,  1853-6;  Pohle,  1853-9,  Zapf,  G.  A.  P.  1859- 
63,  Hennike,  H.  1863-5,  Riedenbach,  1865-6,)  Wagner,  66-94, 
Guenther,  J.  C.  86-1900,  Wacker,  1900 

91.  LMyrtle  Av.  Mission,  1868.     Noble,  68-9.] 

92.  [Grace  Chapel,  1871.     See  Flatbush,  No.  68.] 

93.  Flatbush    2d,     (Ger.)     1874.     (East    Broadway).     Friedel,    75-87, 

Scholz,  88-9,  Bruschweiler,  91,  Jensen,  92-4,  Goebel,  L.  1895 

94.  Canarsie,  1876.   (Ger.).     Dickhaut,  C.  76-86,  Schlieder,  F.  E.  86-9, 

Nicolai,  89-90,  Ficken,  90-1900,  Herge,  1901 

95.  Ocean  Hill,  1885.     (Herkimer  St.)     Quick,  A.  M.  85-1900,  Seibert, 

F.  A.  1900 

96.  Edgewood,   (Blythbourne)    1891.     (54th  St.  and  14th  Av.)     Adams, 

W.  T.  E.  1891 

97.  Church  of  Jesus,  1891.     Gunther,  A.  1893 

98.  Greenwood  Height       [892,    (41SI  St.)     Stockwell,  94-9,  Van  Ars- 

dale,  X.  H.   (S.S.)  99-1901,  Arcularius,   (S.S.)   1902 

99.  Bay  Ridge.  1896.     (2d  Av.  ami  80th  St.)     Scuddcr,  C.J.  1897 

100.  Emmanuel,    (German-American)    (East   New  York),   1897.     Boet- 

cher,  98-1902,  Oswald,  1902 

101.  Woodlawn  Chapel,  (East  9th  St.)  1900.     Bogert,  N.  J.  M.  1900 

See  "Amst.  Cor.,"  many  letters;  "Stiles'  Hist,  of  Brooklyn,"  3 
vols.,   8vo,    1S69-70:   "Col.   Hist.   N.Y.,"  see  Index;   "Doc.    Hist. 


THE   CHURCHES.  IOII 

NEW    YORK    CITY — BOROUGH    OF    BROOKLYN. 

N.Y."  iii.  75;  "Mag.  R.D.C."  iii.  52;  "Thompson's  Hist.  L.I.," 
"Van  Pelt's  Hist,  of  the  Greater  New  York." 

IV.      NEW    YORK    CITY — BOROUGH    OF    QUEENS. 

102.  Jamaica,   1702.     Antonides,   1705-41,   (Van  Basten,  1739-40),  Goet- 

schius,  J.  H.  1741-8,  Romeyn,  Thos.  1753-60,  supplied  by  Kettel- 
tas,  1760-2,  Boelen,  1766-72,  Froeligh,  S.  1775-6,  Van  Nest,  R. 
1785-97,  Kuypers,  Z.  H.  1794-1818,  Schoonmaker,  J.  1802-50,  Gar- 
retson,  G.  I.  1835-49,  Alliger,  1850-70,  Van  Slyke,  J.  1870-6,  De 

Hart,    1877-87,    Walser,   89-91,   Tilton,    E.   91-8,   Wick,    1898 

"Doc.  Hist."  iii.  75,  78.     "Smith's  Hist.  N.Y." 

103.  Newtown,  Elmhurst,    1731.        (Van   Basten,    1739-40,)    Goetschius, 

J.  H.  1741-8,  Romeyn,  Thos.  1754-60,  Boelen,  1766-80,  Froeligh, 
S.  1775-6,  Van  Nest,  R.  1785-97,  Kuypers,  Z.  H.  1794-1802, 
Schoonmaker,  J.  1802-49,  Ganetson,  G.  I.  35-49,  Strong,  T.  C. 
49"59»  Anderson,  W.  A.  59-66,  Shepard,  67-91,  Ennis,  H.  W.  92-4, 

Clearwater,   1894 

See  "Riker's  Annals  of  Newtown." 

104.  Astoria,  1839.     Bishop,  Alex.  40-53,  Ten  Eyck,  W.  H.  53-73,  Van 

Pelt,  D.  93-7,  Rauscher,  1899 

105.  Flushing,  1842.     Gordon,  1843-9,  Mandeville,  G.  H.  1851-9,  Hallo- 

way,  W.  1859-65,  Fairchild,  1866-71,  Cobb,  O.  E.  1872-90,  Dem- 

arest,  Jas.  90-7,  Potter,  R.  H.  98-1900,  Swain,  J.  R.  1901 See 

"Doc.  Hist.  N.Y."  i.  432;  and  "Cobb's  Hist.  Sketch,"  1882. 

106.  Astoria,  2d  (Ger.)  1854.     Boehrer,  54-6. — Revived,  1862.     Wenisch, 

65-6,  Steinfuhrer,  1867 

107.  Newtown,    2d    (Ger.)    1855.     Boehrer,    55-6,    Dickhaut,    C.    56-61, 

Wenisch,  65-6,  Steinfuhrer,  67-9,  Wenisch,  74-8,  Hock,  94-6, 
Bender,-  96-1901,   Saurbrunn,   1902 

108.  East  Williamsburgh,  1855.     (New  Jersey  Av.)     Holmes,  J.  McC. 

57-9,  Pearse,  59-60,  Kip,  I.  L.  61-2,  Duryea,  W.  R.  63-4,  Ferris, 
Wm.  73 

109.  Queens,    1857.       Hammond,    J.    W.    59-63,    Wyckoff,    Jas.    64-71, 

Nicholls,  71-5,  Hageman,  A.  75-87,  Demarest,  J.  S.  N.  1887 

no.  Locust    Valley,    1871.     Hart,    John,    72-5,    Craig,    75~8o,    Mason, 

A.  D.  W.  80-2,  Smock,  83-98,  Shook,  1902 

in.  College  Point,  1872.     Fairchild,  72-6,  Berg,  H.  C.  78-88,  Baumeister, 

88-98,  Malven,   1898 

112.  Long  Island  City,  1st,  (Laurel  Hill),  1875.     (Academy  St.)   Perry, 

75-6,  Garretson,  G.  R.  76-7,  Gutweiler,  77-85,  Shaw,  Alex. 
1885 

113.  Jamaica,    (St.    Paul's)    Ger.    1876.     Hones,    1876-80,    Freeh,    81-5, 

Hartig,  86-99,    (Hock,  94,  Bender,  97),   Stoebener,   1900 

114.  Steinway,  1891.     Bergen,  J.  T.   (S.S.)  84-6,  Gulick,  U.  D.   (S.S.) 

90-1900,  Laufer,  (S.S.)  1900 


312  THE  CHURCHES. 

NEW    YORK    CITY — BOROUGH    OF    QUEENS. 

115.  Ridgewood,   Evergreen,    T891.     Hume,   Miss,   to,   93-5,   Weber,   Jac. 

95-7,  Israel,  G.  R.  1897 

116.  Long  Island  City,  2d   (Sunnyside),  1896.     (Buckley  St.)     Doyle, 

D.  P.  1897 

New  Hyde  Park,   1893.     Hieber,  93-5,  Van  Giesen,  D.  E.    (S.S.) 
96-1900. 

V.      NEW    YORK    CITY — BOROUGH    OF    RICHMOND. 
STATEN    ISLAND. 

117.  Fresh  Kills,  1665.     A  church  was  built  not  far  from  the  present  site 

of  the  church  of  the  Huguenots,  for  the  French,  about  this  time; 
supplied  by  Drisius,  1652-60?  Selyns,  1660-4,  Tesschenmaker, 
1682-3,  Daille,  1683-8,  by  Bonrepos,  David,  1683-1714,  when  they 
coalesced  with  the  Dutch.     See  Richmond,  1714. 

118.  South  Side,  1665.     (At  Stony  Brook.)     A  church  was  built  by  the 

Waldenses  and  Huguenots,  and  they  were  supplied  by  Drisius, 
1652-60,  Selyns,  1660-4,  Tesschenmaker,  1682-3,  by  Daille,  1683-8, 
Vanden  Bosch,  1687-89,  Bonrepos,  1697- 1714.  Afterward  the  site 
of  the  church  was  transferred  to  Richmond.  See  Richmond, 
1714. 

119.  North  Side,  Port  Richmond   (or  Cityville,)    1680.     Supplied  occa- 

sionally by  Bertholf,  1694-1718,  by  Van  Zuuren,  1680-85,  by  Tess- 
chenmaeker,  1680-82,  by  Varick,  1685-95,  by  Freeman,  1705-41,  by 
Antonides,  1705-44,  and  occasionally  by  Vas,  1710-18;  pastor,  Van 
Sajitvoord,  C.  1718-42,  (De  Wint,  1751-2,)  Jackson,  W.  1757-89, 
Stryker,  P.  1790-4,  Kirby,  1797-1801,  Van  Pelt,  P.  I.  1802-35, 
Brownlee,  J  as.  35-95,  Demarest,  A.  H.  84-1901,  Berg,  J.  F. 
1902 

120.  Richmond,   1714.     (Union  of  French,  Dutch,  and  English.)     Sup- 

plied by  Bertholf,  1714-24,  by  Freeman,  1714-41,  by  Antonides, 
1714-44,  by  Vas,  1714-18;  pastor,  Van  Santvoord,  C.  1718-42,  (De 
Wint,  1751-2,)  Jackson,  W.  1757-76.  Burned  by  the  British.  (See 
Richmond.) 

121.  Richmond,    i8c8.     Van    Pelt,    P.    I.    1808-35,    Brownlee,   Jas.   35-53, 

Peck,  T.  R.  G.  54-60,  White.  E.  N.  59-62,  Fehrman,  62-6,  Sinclair, 
1866-75,  Kip,  F.  M.  1876-80.     Name  dropped,  1886. 

122.  Brighton  Hights,    (Tompkinsville,)    1820.    Van   Pelt,   P.   I.  20-3, 

Miller,  J.  E.  23-47.  Thompson,  A.  R.  48-51,  Brett,  P.  M.  51-60, 
Hitchcock,  60-65,  Timlow,  66-8,  Watson,  T.  69-71,  Enyard,  73-9, 
Clark,  W.  W.  80-7,  Hutchins,  J.  87-92,  Lowe,  T.  O.  93-8,  Stout, 
J.  C.  1898 

123.  Huguenot,  (Westfield,  Seaside),  1850.    La  Tourette,  52-4,  Gregory, 

T.  B.  55-60,  Stryker,  H.  B.  61-71,  Kip,  F.  M.  (Sr.)  72-80.  vacant, 
80-96,  Jttnor,  D.   1897 

124.  Stapleton,  S.I.  1851.     Thompson.  A.  R.  1851-8,  Skinner,  1859-67. 


THE   CHURCHES.  1013 

NEW    YORK    CITY — BOROUGH    OF   RICHMOND. 

125.  Tottenville,  1855-8. 

126.  Tompkinsville  2d,  i860,   (Ger.) 

127.  German  Evangelical,  St.  Peter's,  Kreischersville,  S.I.,  1881.  Ganss, 

J.  1883 

128.  Princes  Bay,  1900.    Junor,  D.  1900 

See  "Amst.  Cor." — "Doc.  Hist."  iii.  76. — "Ch.  Int."  ii.  125. — Dr.  Jas. 
Brownlee's  Disc,  at  200th  anniversary  of  the  church,  also  his  Disc,  at  the 
40th  anniversary  of  his  pastorate. — ''Clute's  Hist,  of  Staten  Island." 

New  York  Mills,  Oneida  Co.  N.Y.  1895.    Bergmans,  97-1901. 

Niskayuna,  (Nestegauna,  Canastigoine,)  Schenectady  Co.  N.Y.  1750. 
Samson  Occum,  a  Mohican  Indian  from  Connecticut,  often  supplied 
them;  also  Lorenzo  Dow,  a  Methodist;  Romeyn,  D.,  Westerlo,  and 
Van  Bunschoten,  E.  supplied,  1760-90,  Demarest,  J.  1790-1803,  Romeyn, 
T.  1806-27,  McKelvey,  J.  27-31,  Van  Wagenen,  31-5,  Raymond,  36-50* 
Talmage,  G.  51-5.  Wells,  C.  L.  55-8,  De  Baun,  J.  A.  58-83,  Ditmars, 

1883 .  See  "Doc.  Hist."  i.  245;  "De  Baun's  Hist.  Sketch";  "Smith's 

N.Y."  306. — Ditmar's  and  Pearse's  Addresses  at  150th  anniversary, 
1900. 

Nominack,  now  Minisink. 

Noordelors,  Mich.  1856.     Van  den  Bosch,  K.  56-7,  seceded. 

Noord  Holland,  or  North  Holland,  Mich. 

Norman's  Kill,  Albany  Co.  N.Y.  1783?     See  "Brodhead's  N.Y."  i.  81. 

Norris,  Fulton  Co.  111.  (station.)  Bogardus,  W.  E.,  Miss,  to,  1868-74, 
Williamson,  N.  D.  70-2,  Lansing,  A.  G.  73-4,  Beekman,  A.  J.  74-6. 
Bumstead,  (S.S.)  76-86,  name  dropped,  1895. 

North  and  South  Hampton,  (Bensalem,  Neshaminy,)  Bucks  Co.  Pa. 
1710.  (A  R.D.C.  but  in  connection  with  the  German  Ccetus,  1747-71.) 
Van  Vleck,  P.  1710-12,  supplied  by  Rev.  Malachi  Jones,  Presbyt.  1714- 
21,  Frelinghuysen,  often  supplied,  1721-30,  C.  Van  Santvoord,  (S.S.) 
1730,  Dorsius,  1737-43,  again,  1744-8,  Goetschius,  1738-40,  supplied  by 
Schlatter,  once  a  month,  1746-50,  Du  Bois,  Jonathan,  1751-72,  Schenck, 
Wm.  1777-80,  Leydt,  M.  1780-3,  Stryker,  P.  1788-90,  Brush,  J.  C.  1794- 
6,  Larzalere,  1797-1828,  Halsey,  A.  O.  29-67,  Knowlton,  60-4,  De  Hart, 
68-70,  Voorhees,  H.  M.  71-7,  Lippincott,  77-81,   Streng,  82-90,  Craig, 

1891 

See  "Davis'  Hist,  of  Bucks  Co.  Pa."— "Hall's  Hist,  of  Presbyt.  Ch.  of 
Trenton,"  1859,  page  19;  "Murphy's  Presbytery  of  the  Log  College," 
p.  200;  and  especially  "the  Churchville  Chronicle,"  Aug.  26,  27,  1885, 
for  acct.  of  early  settlement,  and  "Prof.  Hinke's  Ch.  Record  of  Nesha- 
miny and  Bensalem,  1710-38,"  in  "Journal  of  Presbyt.  Hist.  Soc."  1901. 
See  also  "Ch.  Int."  1859,  June  30.  Wm.  Penn  first  offered  the  perse- 
cuted Dutch  in  the  Netherlands  this  home  in  Pa. 

North  Bergen,  Weehawken,  (Ger.)  Hudson  Co.  N.J.  1853.  Mohn,  55-7, 
Becker,  57"6o,  Justin,  1865 

North  Blenheim,  Schoharie  Co.  N.Y.  1850.     Scribner,  (S.S.)  47-8,  Van 


1014  THE   CHURCHES. 

Woert,   50-3,    See,    W.    G.    E.   53-9,    Shafer,    60-7,    Vandewater,    67-9, 
Miller,  E.  72-84,  Phelps,  P.  86-95,  Whitney,  96-8,  Beale,  1901 

North  Branch,  now  Readington,  N.J. 

North  Branch,  Somerset  Co.  N.J.  1825.  Fisher,  G.  H.  26-30,  Wilson, 
A.  D.  31-8,  Campbell,  J.  K.  38-54,  Doolittle,  P.  M.  1856- 

North  Branch,  Sullivan  Co.  N.  Y.  1871.     Elterich. 

North  Carolina,  Johnson,  W.  L.,  Miss,  in,  1869-74. 

North  Creek,  111.  1862. 

North  Esopus,  185 1,  see  Port  Ewen,  N.Y. 

North  Gowanus,  1850,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Brooklyn. 

North  Hempstead,  Manhasset,  L.I.  1816.  (Success,  1731.)  (Van  Basten, 
1739-40.)  Goetschius.  J.  H.  1741-8,  Romeyn.  Thos.  1754-60,  Boelen, 
1766-72,  Froeligh,  S.  1775-6,  Van  Nest,  R.  1785-97,  Kuypers,  Z.  H. 
1794-1S24,  Bogert,  D.  S.  13-26,  Heermance,  Henry,  26-7,  Otterson, 
28-34,  Robb,  35-7,  Gordon,  38-43,  Sheffield,  43-6,  Schoonmaker,  R.  L. 
47-52,  Demarest,  Jas.  (Sr.)  53-9,  Boice,  59-70,  Davis,  W.  E.  71-9, 
Stevenson,  Wm.  80-1,  Martine,  82-9T,  Zabriskie,  A.  A.  91-2,  Duncombe, 

1893 

See   "Onderdonk's    Annals";    "Moore's    Hist,   of";    "Gen.    and    Biog. 
Rec."  x.  1-19. 

North  Holland,  (Noord  Holland,  or  New  Holland,)  Ottawa  Co.  Mich. 
1853,  revived,  1856.  Oggel,  E.  C.  66-70,  Van  Ess,  70-84,  De  Jong, 
J.  P.  83-7,  Bloemendal,  90-1,  Stegeman,  Ab.  93-8,  Strabbing,  1899 

North  Marblctown,  1851,  see  Marbletown  2d,  N.Y. 

North  Orange,  1883,  see  Newkirk,  la. 

North  Paterson,  1894,  see  Paterson,  NJ. 

North  Sibley,  Lyon  Co.  la.  1895.     Janssen,  1896 

Nortumberland,  Bacon  Hill,  Saratoga  Co.  N.Y.  1817.  Mair,  29-31,  May, 
35-8,  Wyckoff,  C.  38-41,  Slauson,  43-53,  Van  Wyck,  P.  53-6,  McCart- 
ney. 57-63,  Markle,  64-5,  Kellogg,  67-72,  Labaw,  73-4,  Ford,  75"8o, 
Mills,  G.  A.  82-4,  Bailey,  J.  W.  85-6,  Denman,  88-91,  Gulick,  N.  J.  92-6, 
Davis,  L.  E.  96-7,  Luckenbill,  97-8,  Viele,  1899 

North  Yakima,  Yakima  Co.  Washington,  1901.  Harmeling,  S.  J. 
1 90 1 

Norwood  Park,  1871,  see  Chicago,  111. 

Nutley,    1855,   see   Franklin,    N.   J. 

Nyack,  Rockland  Co.  N.Y.  1838.  Brett,  P.  M.  38-42,  Hagaman,  C.  S.  43" 
52,  Van  Zandt,  B.  52-5,  Lord,  D.  56-60,  Marvin,  60-70,  Voorhees,  H.  V. 
71-8,  McCorkle,  (S.S.)  78-81,  Clark,  W.  H.  81-6,  Van  Deventer,  J.  C. 
86-92,  Leggett,  W.  J.  93-1902. 

Oakdale  Park,  1889,  see  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

Oakhill,  17S7,  see  Durham,  N.Y. 

Oakland,  see  East  Overisel,  Mich. 

Oakland,  1710,  see  Ponds,  N.J. 

Ocean  Hill,  1885,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Brooklyn. 

O-kange,  1864,  see  China. 

Oklahoma,  see  Colony,  Columbian  Memorial  Church;  Fort  Sill  and  Cor- 
dell. 


THE   CHURCHES.  1015 

Olinda,    1654,   see   Brazil. 

Old  Stissing,   (Ger.)   1746,  see  Gallatin,  N.Y. 

Olivia,  Renville  Co.  Minn.  18.. 

Olive,  1799,  see  Shokan,  N.Y. 

Olive  Leaf,  Waukonda,  McCook  Co.   S.D.   1886.    Vacant  86-8,   (omitted 

in  the  Syn.  Minutes,  88-93)  Linton,  J.  C.  94-6,  Miedema,  96-7,  classical 

missionary,  1897 

Omi,   1843,  see  Ghent,  2d,   N.Y. 

Onisquethaw,   Albany   Co.    N.Y.    1839.     Existed   previously   as    Presbyt. 

Van  Santvoord,  S.  39-64,  Millspaugh,  66-72,  Vedder,  E.  73-84,  Perlee, 

84-6,  Brown,  W.  S.  89-91,  vacant  since  1891. 
Ontario,     Wayne     Co.    N.Y.    1884.        Reorganized,    1896.        Hogenboom, 

1899 

Oostburg,  Sheboygan  Co.  Wis.  1850.     Vander  Scheur,  56-66,  Karsten,  67- 

69,  Te  Winkle,  69-71,  Hoffman,  J.  74-81,  Karsten,  83-4,  Lubach,  86-93, 

Karsten,  93-9,  Sietsema,  1900 

Oppenheim,  Fulton  Co.  N.Y.  1810.     De  Voe,  1811-16. 
Oppenheim  2d,  1826.     Vanderveer,  John,  Miss,  to,  1823. 

Oradell,  Bergen  Co.  N.J.  1891.    DeWitt,  J.  T.  E.  1891 

Orange,  a  name  applied   to  Tappan,   at  first   in   Orange   Co.    N.Y.     The 

church  was  chartered  under  this  name. 

Orange,  (East  Orange),  Essex  Co.  N.J.  1875.    Bishop,  G.  S.  1875 

Orangeburgh,  Grace  Church,  S.C.  1880.     This  was  a  mission  station  for 

the  Freedmen  from  1876-80.    Johnson,  W.  L.  1876 

Orange  City,   ist,   Sioux  Co.  Iowa,   1871.     Bolks,  71-8,  Buursma,  78-89, 

Van  der  Ploeg,  90-3,  Kolyn,  93-8,  Stapelkamp,  1902 

Orange    City,    (at    West    Branch,)    Sioux    Co.    Iowa,    1877;    now    Sioux 

Centre,   la. 
Orange  City,  2d,  la.  1885.  (American).     1885.     De  Spelder,  J.  A.   (S.S.) 

85-7,  pastor,   87-94,   Zwemer,   J.   F.    (S.S.),   Mar.-Nov.  94,  Zabriskie, 

A.  A.  94-6,  Zwemer,  J.  F.  Jan.-Nov.  96,  De  Jong,  J.  L.  96-7,  Stern- 
berg, J.  97-9,  Winter,  J.  P.  1899 

Orattur,  1868,  see  India. 

Oregon,   1869,  see  Ebenezer,  111. 

Osnaburgh,  1802,  see  Canada. 

Osquak,   (Asquach,)    (CI.  Montgomery,)   1813.     Morris,  J.,  Miss,  to,  1829. 

Osquak,  Secession,   (Asquach,)    1823.     Goetschius,  S.  Z.  1823-4. 

Otley,  Marion  Co.  Iowa,  1871.     Lansing,  A.  G.  71-2,  Meulendyk,  J.  (S.S.) 

77-8,  Westing,  82-6,  Ziegler,  87-92,  Heines,  94-7,  Niemeyer,  G.  1899 

Overisel,  or  Overyssel,  Allegan  Co.  Mich.  1851.     Organization  came  from 

Holland.     Bolks,  51-3,  Nykerk,  58-91,  and  Lepeltak,   77-91,  Van  den 

Berg,  A.  1891 

Overyssel,  East.     See  East  Overyssel. 

Ovid,   Seneca  Co.  N.Y.   1808.     Brokaw,  Ab.   1809-22,   Vanderveer,  F.  H., 

Miss,  to,  23,  Vanderveer,  J.,  Miss,  to,  23,  Van  Vechten,  S.,  Miss,  to, 

23-4,  Morris,  J.  1824-8.     The  secession  divided  this  church.     See  Lodi. 
Ovid,  Secession,  1822.    McNeil,  1838-68. 
Owasco,  Cayuga  Co.  N.Y.  1796.    Brokaw,  Ab.  179.. -1808,  Brinkerhoff,  G. 


I0l6  THE   CHURCHES. 

G.  1809-12,  Ten  Eyck,  C.  1812-26,  Hammond,  J.  31-9,  Evans,  Wm. 
39-46.  Dutcher,  46-50,  Raymond,  51-3,  Ingalls,  53-64,  Peeke,  A.  P. 
65-72,  Peeke,  G.  H.  72-5,  Myers,  A.  E.  77-9,  Barr,  80-3,  Vaughan,  J. 

84  9,  Van  Allen,  90-2,  Rodgers,  J.  A.  93 

Col.  J.  L.  Hardenbergh,  Lieut,  of  2d  Reg..  N.Y.   1777-83.  accompanied 
Gen.    Sullivan   against    the    Iroquois    in    1779.     He    surveyed   the   military 
tract  for  bounty  lands  in  Central  X.V..  in  1789,  and  settled  on  Lot  47,  (now 
Auburn,  N.Y.)    in   1793.     In   1795.  ten  families  migrated  from  Conewago, 
near  Gettysburgh,  Pa.,  and  settled  three  miles  up  the  Owasco.     On  Sept. 
23,  1796,  these  organized  a  R.D.C.     From  "Rev.  Dr.  Hawley's  Hist.  Disc. 
at   Auburn,"    1869.     See    also    church    "Conewago"    in     this     work;     and 
"Rodgers'  Story  of  a  Century,"  or  "Brief  Hist,  of  Refd.  Ch.  of  Owasco," 
1896;  also  "The  Family  of  Joris  Dircksen  Brinckerhoff,"  1887,  for  an  inter- 
esting account  of  the  beginnings  of  Owasco  Church. 
Owasco,  Secession,  1823.     McNeil  1824-8.  Johnson,  Wm.  1838- ? 
Owasco  Outlet,    (Sand  Beach,)    Cayuga  Co.  N.Y.   1812.    Ten  Eyck,  C. 
1812-26,   Westfall,   26-7,   Dunlap,    Miss,    to,   27-8,   Heermance,   Henry, 
March-Xov.  29,  Tarbell,  30-2,  Rogers,  L.  33-4,  Kirkwood,  36-9,  Moule, 
39-41,    Knight,    R.    W.    42-4,    Winfield,    44"5o,     Brown,    S.    R.    51- 
9,  Garretson,  J.  61-4,  Schenck,  J.  V.  N.  65-7,  Brown,  S.  R.  (S.S.)  67- 
9,   Huntington,  70,  Rice,  W.   A.    (S.S.)    70-2,   Dean,   73"5,   McKinley, 
G.  A.  (S.S.)  76-7,  Lawrence.  (S.S.)  77-8,  Anderson,  Chs.  78-84,  Dex- 
ter, R.  R.  H.  (Presb.)  84-7,  Leland,  H.  88-9,  Maar,  92-3,  Force,  F.  A. 
95-8,  Florence,  E.  W.  99-1901. 
In  1816,  351  were  added  to  the  church  as  the  result  of  a  single  revival. 
See  Rev.  A.  Deans  Hist.  Disc,  in  "N.Y.  Evang.,"  July  22,  1875. 
Oyster  Bay,  (Wolver  Hollow,  Brookville),  Nassau  Co.  N.Y.  1732.     (Van 
Basten,  1739-40.)  Goetschius,  J.  H.  1741-8,  Romeyn,  T.  i754-6o,  Boelen, 
1766-80,   Froeligh,    S.    1775-6,   Van   Nest,   R.    1785-97,   Kuypers,  Z.   H. 
1794-1824,  Bogart,  D.  S.  13-26,  Heermance,  Henry,  26-7,  Otterson,  27- 
34,  Quinn,  35-41,  Gregory,  T.  B.  41-4,  Oakey,  44-7,  Smith,  N.  E.  47- 
53,  McNair,  53-5,  De  Baun,  55-8,  Lowe.  J.  C.  59-63,  Searle,  J.  63-6. 
Smock,  66-71,  Swick,  71-7,  Davis,  J.  A.  78-83,  Smock,  83-96,  Scudder, 

\Y.  T.  97-9,  Watermuelder,  1900- 1,  Ward,  W.  D.  1902 

Paghkatghkan,  1800.     See  Coshington  and  Middletown,  Delaware  Co.  N.Y. 
Paine's  Point  and  White  Rock,  Ogle  Co.  111.  1870.     See  Ebenezer,  111. 
Paiston  Kill,  1793.     See  "Mints.  G.  S."  i.  256. 
Palatine,   see    St.   Johnsville,    1825.     Van   Olinda,   1825-30,    Van    Cleef,    C. 

(colleague)   1826.     "Doc.  Hist."  i.  341 ;  iii-  674,  683,  686. 
Palisades,  Fort  Lee  or  Coytesville,  Bergen  Co.  NJ.  1866.     Vermilye,  D.. 
Miss,  to,  66-8,  See,  1.  M.,  Miss,  to,  68-72,  Davis,  J.  A.  72-3,  Mattice, 
H.  73-S,  Bogardus,  79-88,  Buckekw,  88-91,  Dean,  93-1900,  Ferwerda, 

1900 

Palmaner,  1S60,  see  India. 

Palmyra.    Wayne   Co.    N.Y     1887.     Baas,  83-91.   Lubeck,  92-8,    Flikkema, 

1898-1902. 
Palsville,  1896,  see  Alexander,  la 
Palsville,  see  Emmanuel,  la. 


THE    CHURCHES.  1017 

Panna,  1710,  see  Ponds,  NJ. 

Paramus,  Bergen  Co.  1725.  Erickzon,  1725-8,  Mancius,  1730-1,  supplied 
by  Curtenirs  and  Van  Driessen,  J.  1731-8,  Vanderlinde,  1748-89,  Kuy- 
pers,  G.  A.  1788-9,  Blauvelt,  I.  1790-1,  Kuypers,  W.  P.  1793-6,  Eltinge, 
W.  1799-1850,  Winfield,  51-6,   Corwin,  E.  T.  57-63,  De  Mund,  64-70, 

Talmage,  G.  1871-9,  Vandeventer,  79-86,  Vroom,  1887 

See  "Winfield's  Skeich  of,"  1851,  and  "Corwin's  Manual  and  Record 
of,"  1858.     2d  ed.  enlarged,  1859. 

Paramus,  Secession,  1823.  Brinkerlioof,  J.  G.  28-45,  Van  Houten,  58-61, 
De  Bann,  J.  Y.  65-75,  Westervelt,  88-92,  Iserman,  88-98. 

Park  Church,  1852,  see  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

Parkersburg,  Fern,  Butler  Co.  Iowa,  1874.  De  Beer,  74-80,  Weiland,  80-3, 
Veenker,  84-92,   Schaefer,  D.    1893 

Park  Hill,   1892,   see   Yonkers,    N.Y. 

Park  Ridge,  1814,  see  Pascack,  N.Y. 

Pasaick,  N.Y.  179..     See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn."  i.  315. 

Pascack,  Park  Ridge,  Bergen  Co.  N.J.  1814.  Goetschius,  S.  14-35,  Man- 
ley,  34-53.  Demarest,  J.  T.  54-67,  Bartholf,  B.  A.  68-73,  Lodewick, 
1875 

Passaic,  Passaic  Co.  N.J.  churches  in : 

1.  Aquackanonck,  1693.  Bertholf.  G.  1694-1724,  Du  Bois,  Gid.  1724- 
6,  Coens,  1726-35,  Van  Driessen,  J.  1735-48,  Marinus,  1752-73, 
Schoonmaker,  H.  1774-1816,  Froeligh,  P.  D.  16-25,  Taylor,  B.  C. 
25-8,  Paulison,  29-31,  Bogardus,  W.  R.  31-56,  Strong,  J.  P.  56-69, 
Gaston,  69-95,  Spaulding,  A.  (assistant),  93-5,  Vennema,  A.  1895 

See  "Amst.  Cor."  and  "M.S.  Hist.  Ser.  by  Gaston";  also  "Hist.  CI.  of 
Paramus,"  1902. 

2.  Aquackanonck,  Secession,  1825.  Froeligh,  P.  D.  25-8,  Berdan, 
30-89,  Vandcr  Beek,  89-92,  Van  Houten,  A.  92-5,  Van  Houten,  J.  F. 
1894 

3.  Passaic  2d,  (North,)  1868.  Strong,  J.  P.  69-72,  Kellogg,  72-9, 
Anderson,  A.  So-6,  Whitehead,  J.  H.  1886 

4.  Passaic,  {Hoi.)  1873.  Rederus,  F.  74-6,  Hazenberg,  77-9,  Worra- 
ser,  W.  82-4,  Warnshuis,  J.  W.  86-7,  Jacobs,  C.  W.  89-91,  Jacobs, 
W.  M.  C.  93-5,  Flipse,  1896 

Paterson,  Passaic  Co.  N.J.  churches  in  : 

1.  Totowa  ist,  1755.  (On  Water  st.  until  1827;  Main  st.  1827-71; 
since  1871  on  Division  st.)  Marinus,  1756-67,  (Blauw,  Conferentie, 
1767-72,)  Meyer,  H.  1772-91,  Schoonmaker,  H.  1799-1816,  Eltinge, 
W.  16-33,  Vandervoort,  34-7,  Wiggins,  37-56,  Peltz,  57-60,  McKelvey, 
A.  60-5,  Steele,  J.  65-77,  Raymond,  A.  W.  78-81,  Danner,  81-91, 
Vernol,    1891 

2.  Totowa  2D,  (Water  St.)  1827.  Field,  J.  T.  28-32,  Cole,  I.  32-3, 
Liddell,  34-8,  Duryea,  John  H.  38-95,  Milliken,  P.  H.  82-8,  Welles, 
T.  W.    1889 

3.  Secession,  Independent,  (Water  St.)   1828.     Amerman,  1843-55. 


I0l8  THE   CHURCHES. 

4.  Holland  ist,  Clinton  St.  1856.  De  Rooy,  (S.S.)  56-8,  Huyssoon, 
(S.S.)  59-64,  when  the  church  was  reorganized.  Huyssoon,  64-5, 
Bahler,  P.  B.  66-8,  Huyssoon,  68-92,  Betten,  D.  L.  92-7,  Dekker, 
F.  G.  1897 

5.  {IJollandish  Secession,  cor.  Bridge  and  River  Sts.)  1858.  De  Rooy, 
58-63,  Bechthold,  64-6. 

6.  Broadway,  1864.  Halloway,  W.  W.  65-71,  Clark,  W.  H.  72-81,  Van 
Arsdale,  N.  H.  81-95,  Thompson,  E.  W.  1896 

7.  Alain  St.  {Hoi.  2d,)  1866.  Bechthold,  1866-7,  Kasse,  1868-74;  dis- 
banded 1875. 

8.  Sixth,  {Hoi.)  Godwin,  St.  1867.  Rutte,  1867-..,  Houbolt,  73-7, 
Koopman,  H.  R.  1879-84,  Van  Het  Loo,  1888 

9.  Union  Reformed,  (Hoi.)  Market  St.,  now  Auburn  st.  1879.  Hou- 
bolt, 79,  Nies,  H.  E.  1879 

10.  Riverside,  River  st.  1887.  King,  A.  A.  87-91,  Church,  J.  B. 
1892 

11.  People's  Park,  1892.     Smit,  John,   1893 

12.  North  Patterson,  1894.  Conover,  G.  M.  95-8,  Johnston,  Win. 
98-1900. 

Pattersonville,  1799,  see  Rotterdam  1st,  in  Schenectady,  N.Y. 

Pawagtcnog,  apparently  the  same  as  New  Paltz  2d.  In  1778,  Rynier  Van 
Nest  was  minister  there  in  connection  with  Shawangunk.  "Mins.  of 
old  Classis  of  Kingston."' 

Peapack,  Somerset  Co.  N.  J.  1848.  Anderson,  W.  49-56,  Thompson,  H.  P. 
57-73,  Anderson,  C.  T.  74-82,  Scarlett,  G.  W.  83-8,  Davis,  G.  88-93, 

Hasbrouck,  H.  C.  94-1900,  Johnston,  Wm.  1901 .  See  '"Thompson's 

Hist.  Peapack  Ch." 

Peekskill,  Westchester  Co.  N.Y.  1799.  At  first  Congregational.  In  1834 
merged  in  the  church  of  Courtlandtown.  Manley,  W.  1800-6.  See 
Courtlandtown. 

Peekskill,  Westchester  Co.  N.Y.  1850.  (Van  Nest  Church.)  Buck,  51- 
70,  Searle,  Jer.  71-3,  Thompson,  J.  B.  73-4,  Kip,  I.  L.  75-9,  Quick,  A.  M. 
82-4,  De  Vries,  H.  1884 

Peenpack,  (near  Port  Jervis,)  1761.  Jacob  Caudebeck,  of  Caudebeck, 
France,  obtained  a  grant  of  12,000  acres,  called  Peenpack.  See  Cudde- 
backville,  N.Y.  Huguenots  and  Hollanders  from  Ulster  Co.  N.Y.  set- 
tled here  about  1730.     See  "Mills'  Hist.  Disc."  1874,  p.  4- 

Pekin,  Tazewell  Co.  111.  1843.  Williamson,  43-8,  Westfall,  49-56,  Lloyd, 
57-60,  Williamson,  N.  D.  (S.S.)  61-2,  Gulick,  U.  D.  62-70,  Thompson, 
Ab.  (S.S.)  71-2,  Livingston,  E.  P.  (S.S.)  73-8,  pastor,  78-83,  Gamble, 
85-90,  Beattic,  J.  A.  90-1,  Gorby,  92-3,  Rust,  94-5,  Sonnema,  97-1900, 
Bruins,  H.  M.  1901 

Pkkin  2D,  Schnelke,  76-80,  Terborg,  83-9,  Schnelke,  1891 

Pella,  Marion  Co.  la. ;  churches  in : 

Pella  ist,  1856.  Oggel,  P.  60-3,  Winter,  66-83,  Moerdyk,  Wm.  86-9, 
De  Pree,  P.  91-6,  Veldman,  88-1901. 


THE   CHURCHES. 


1019 


Pella  2d,  1863.  Thompson,  A.,  Miss,  to,  62-8,  1868-71,  (S.S.)  1872-4, 
Schermerhorn,  H.  R.  75-9,  Huyser,  G.  83-5,  Wyckoff,  A.  N.  85-6, 
Sharply,  87-92. 

Pella  3d,  1869.  Lansing,  A.  G.,  Miss,  at,  68-70,  Weiland,  70-6,  Zubli, 
(S.S.)  76,  Rederus,  F.  76-86,  Smit.  Jan.  87-92,  Douwstra,  H.  1893 

Pella  4th,  1869.     Vanderkley,  7^3,  Stobbelaer,  73-9,  independent. 

Pella  4th,  1894-     Foot,  97"9,  Ziegler,  1900-1. 

Pella,   Lancaster   Co.    Neb.    1884.     Dragt,   94-6,    Stegeman,   W.    96-9,   De 

Jong,  Jac.  1902 

Pfnnsylvania  Lane,  Mason  Co.  111.  1901-     Gulick,  J.  I.   1901-— 
Peoria,  Peoria  Co.  111.   1872.     Mtiller,  72-93,   Smidt,  H.  T.  93"5,  Zindler, 

96-1901. 
Perkins,  1888,  see  Immanuel,  S.D. 
Persippany,  or  Boonton,  now  Montville. 
Peters  Valley,  see  Walpack,  Upper. 

Philadelphia,   Pa.,  churches  in: 

1  [Philadelphia,  (Ger.)  1726.  Weiss,  1726-9,  Boehm,  J.  1729-47, 
Schlatter,  1746-55,  (Rubel,  1751-S.)  Kails.  1756-7,  Sterner,  1757-62, 
Rothenbergler,  1763-5,  Weyberg,  1763-90,  Winckhaus,  1790-3,  Hen- 
del     1794-8,   Helffenstein,    S.    1800-31,    Sprole,    1832-7,    Berg.   J.    F 

1837-52,  Reed   S.   H ,   Bomberger,    ....,   Nevin,  E.   H 1 

See  "Van  Horn's  Hist,  of,"  1876;  "Berg's  Hist,  of." 

2  Philadelphia  ist,  (Evang.  Ref.;  first  in  Crown  St.,  afterward  cor. 
'  Spring  Garden  and  Seventh,)   1813.     See  "Mints.  CI.  N.B.  '  Vol.  11. 

p  51  Ap  21  1813.  This  church  consisted  of  the  English-speaking 
portion  of  the  old  Ger.  Ref.  They  first  separated  in  1806,  and 
united  with  the  R.D.C.  in  1813.  (Eastburn,  Jos.  1806-8,  Burch, 
Jas  K.  (S.S.)  1809-13,)  Brodhead,  13-26,  Livingston,  G.  R.  26-34, 
Bethune  34-6,  Hardenbergh,  J.  B.  36-40,  Van  Arsdale,  C.  C.  41-9, 
Willetts,  A.  A.  49-60,  Suydam,  63-9,  Orr,  Thos.  69-83,  Taylor,  W.  R. 

84-8.  Milliken,  P.  H.  1889 .        . 

See  "Evang.  Quarterly,"  ii.  151.     Also  ii.  229,  320;  in.  230,  for  judicial 
decision  concerning  the  property.     Full  text  also  in  "Ch.   Int.     Feb.   14, 

l86l3.  Philadelphia  2d,   (Eighth  St.)   1817.     Hoff,   1818-24,  Sears,  1825-33, 
Babbit,  1834-5,  Gcsman,  1835-6.     (See  No.  8.) 

4  Philadelphia   2d,    (in    Ranstead    Court,)    1818.     Now   the    Seventh 
'  Presbyterian.     In  1817  the  old  Ger.  element  was  driven  out  of  the 

original  Ger.  Ch.  and  they  organized  a  new  Ger.  Ch.  (the  2d,)  in 
John  St.,  and  the  original  Ger.  Ch.  became  English.-"Berg  s  ser- 
mon," p.  21,  22.     Parker,  D.  1818-20. 

5  Philadelphia,  (Manayunk,)  now  known  as  the  4th,  1827  Pechin 
St  Van  Cleef,  C,  Miss,  to,  26-8,  Robertson,  Miss,  to,  28,  Kirkwood, 
Miss  to  28-9,'  Bumstead,  30-41,  Quinn,  42-7,  Little,  48-50,  Gates, 
ci-4  Fulton,  <s-March  65 ;  again,  Nov.  65-9,  Talmage,  P.  S  69-74, 
McDern.ond,  ~3  months,  75,  Cook,  W.  W.  76-81,  Schenck,  C.  82-7, 


1020  THE   CHURCHES. 

Welles,  T.  W.  87-9,  Knox,  T.  89-94,  Kain,  1895 .  See  "Schenck's 

Hist.  Disc."  1885. 

6.  Philadelphia,    (Roxborough,)    1836.     Bumstead,  1838-54,    (Presbyt.) 

7.  Philadelphia  3d,  1837.  (Tenth  and  Filbert  St.)  Bethune,  37-49 
Livingston,  H.  G.  49-54,  Taylor,  W.  J.  R.  54-62,  Wortman,  63-5. 
Schenck,  J.  W.  66-8,  Wadsworth,  Chas.  69-74.  Van  Nest,  A.  R.  78- 
83,  Stephens,  G.  H.  (S.S.)  87,  name  of  ch.  dropped,  1889. 

The  legal  decision  concerning  the  church  property  may  be  seen  in  "Ch. 
Int.,"  Nov.  16,  30,  1876.     See  also  Wadsworth,  Chs.  in  this  work. 

8.  Philadelphia  2d,  1852  (Seventh  St.)  This  was  a  reorganization 
of  the  Eighth  St.  Church,  under  the  lead  of  Dr.  J.  F.  Berg.  Berg, 
J.  F.  52-61,  Talmage,  T.  D.  W.  62-9,  Hartley,  70-71,  Masden,  71-9, 
Rubinkam,  80-5,  Clark.  W.  H.  86-91,  Tracy,  91-5,  Green,  E.  W. 
97-8,  Williamson,  W.  H.  1899 

9.  Philadelphia  4th,  1862.     Gramm,  1862-7. 

10.  Philadelphia,  (Bethune  Ch.)   1868.     Talmage,  P.  S.  1868. 

11.  Philadelphia    5th,    (Kensington,)    East    Susquehanna    Av.     1868. 
Meerwein,   1868-9,   Stoll,  74-9,  Suckow,  1879 

12.  Philadelphia,  Bethlehem  Mission.     Stryker,  P.  S.,  Miss,  at,  1869. 

13.  Talmage    Memorial,    Lyceum   Av.    Roxboro',    1891.       Thompson, 
E.  W.  92-4,  Skillman,  94-6,  Willoughby,  1896 

14.  South,  Lingo  St.  1895.     Duckworth,  96,  Wyckoff,  C.  S.  97-8,  Kip, 
I.  L.  98-1900,   Skillman,   1902 

15.  Bethany,  Roxboro',  1901. 

See  "Rev.  Dr.  W.  J.  R.  Taylor's  Hist,  of  R.D.  Churches  in  Philadelphia." 
Also  "Suydam's  Hist.  Sermon.'' 

Philadelphia,  1884,  see  Luctor,  Kansas. 

Philipsburgh,  now  Tarrytown,  N.Y. 

Philmont,  Columbia  Co.  N.Y.  1892.     Van  Vranken,  F.  V.  1892 

Piekmont,  Rockland  Co.  N.Y.  1838.  Crispell,  42-7,  Lord,  D.  47-50,  Berry, 
J.  R.  50-1,  West,  52-5,  Jewett,  57-9,  Decker,  60-5,  Todd,  A.  65-71, 
Stitt,  W.  C.  72-87,  Verbrycke,  J.  R.  87-93,  Ralston,  94-1900,  Hasbrouck, 
H.  C.  1900 

Picrmont  2d.  1851.     Van  Doren,  W.  H.  1852-4.     Disbanded. 

Piffardinia,  Livingston  Co.  N.Y.  1847.     Compton,  1850- 1. 

Pine  Bush,  1814,  see  New  Prospect,  N.Y. 

Pittsford,  Hillsdale  Co.  Mich.  1863.     Vermilye,  D.  1863-6. 

Pittstown,  Rensselaer  Co.  N.Y.  1799.     Froeligh,  P.  D.   1802-7. 

Plainfield,  Central,  Union  Co.  N.J.  1863.  Simonson,  1864-9,  Smith,  N.  E. 
1869-71,  when  the  church  was  transferred  to  the  Congregationalists. 

Tlainfield  (Gcr.)  1858.  Neef,  (S.S.)  58-60,  pastor,  60-4,  Wolff,  65-6, 
Schweitzer,  72,   Schlieder,  F.  80-6,  Koechli,  87-93,  Hauser,  94-1901. 

Plaixfield,  Trinity,  1880.     Raymond,  A.  V.  V.  81-7,  Schenck,  C.  1887 

Platte,  1885,  see  Charles  Mix,  S.D. 

m.kill,  Cockburn,  Ulster  Co.   N.Y.    1838.     (An  out-station  of  Flat- 
bush,  from   1804.)     Overbagh,  34-8,  Brodhead,  37-41,  Schenck,  M.  L 


THE   CHURCHES.  1021 

40-53,  Chapman,  54-64,  Cole,  S.  T.  64-8,  Schenck,  M.  L.  69-73,  See, 
W.  G.  E.  73-84,  Cole,  S.  T.  84-91,  Roe,  S.  W.  1892 

Pleasant  Plains,  N.Y.  1816.  Wynkoop,  P.  S.  1817-22 ;  in  1823  ch.  became 
Presbyt. 

Point  Rock,  1856,  see  West  Leyden,   N.Y. 

Polkton,  1834,  see  Coopersville,  Mich. 

Polkton,  1857,  see  Coopersville,  Mich. 

Pompton,  1736,  see  Pompton  Plains,  N.J. 

Pompton,  Passaic  Co.  N.J.  1815.  Field,  16-27,  Shimeall,  28-29,  De  Mund, 
30-9,  Doolittle,  H.  40-52,  Gaston,  52-62,  Jansen,  John,  63-83,  Kommers, 

84-6,  Trimmer,  86-90,  Wilson,  F.  S.  1891 

See  "Jansen's  Semi-Centennial  of." 

Pompton  Plains,  Morris  Co.  N.J.  1736.  There  was  preaching  here  as 
early  as  1713,  it  being  an  out-station  of  Ponds  church.  In  1760,  the 
Coetus  party  built  near  present  site.  In  1771  the  two  parties  were 
united.  (Bertholf,  G.  (S.S.)  1713-24,  Coens,  1725-30,  Van  Driessen,  J. 
1735-48,  Marinus,  1752-73,  (Blauw,  Conference,  1762-8,)  Meyer,  H. 
1772-91,  Ostrander,  S.  1793-1809,  Field,  13-15,  Neal,  17-28,  Messier, 
29-32,  Talmage,  J.  R.  33-6,  Schanck,  G.  C.  37"53,  Shepard,  53-8,  Harris, 
J.  F.  58-67,  Schenck,  J.  V.  N.  67-71,  Whitehead,  72-84,  Teller,  85-91, 

Allen,  C.  J.  92-6,  Hogan,  J.  S.  1897 

See  "Schenck's  Hist.  Ser." 

Ponds,  (Panna,)  Oakland,  Bergen  Co.  N.J.  1710.  Bertholf,  G.  (S.S.) 
1710-24,  Coens,  1730-5,  Van  Driessen,  J.  (S.S.)  1735-48,  Vanderlinde, 
1748-88,  Leydt,  P.  1789-93,  De  Witt,  P.  1798-1809,  Demarest,  John, 
12-20,  Kuypers,  Z.  H.  25-42,  Thompson,  W.  J.  42-5,  Collins,  B.  V.  45- 
67,  Vandewater,  69-72,  Chambers,  T.  F.  72-6,  Wilson,  P.  Q.  (S.S.)  77- 
9,  King,  A.  A.  80-3,  Bogardus,  W.  E.  84-8,  Wilson,  F.  F.  88-00,  Nie- 
meyer,  90-3,  Palmer,  C.  L.  94-7,  Foster,  J.  W.  97-1900,  Cunningham, 
1 90 1 

Pooster-Kill,  Secession,  Rensselaer  Co.  N.Y.  1824.  Lansing,  J.  V.  S.  24-6, 
Bellenger,  29-77. 

Porter,  Midland  Co.  Mich.  1859.     Bailey,  59-63,  Beardsley,  (S.S.)  64-70. 

Port  Ewen,  North  Esopus,  Ulster  Co.  N.Y.  185 1.  Taylor,  W.  53-4, 
Meyers,  A.  H.  55-6,  Van  Dyck,  C.  L.  57-66",  Arcularius,  66-81,  Lippin- 
cott,  81-98,  Burton,  Wm.  99-1900,  Polhemus,  C.  H.  1901 

Port  Jackson,  1850,  see  Amsterdam,  1st,  N.Y. 

Port  Jervis,  Deerpark,  (Mahackemack,)  Orange  Co.  N.Y.  1737.  Organ- 
ized and  supplied  by  Mancius,  I737-4I ;  Fryenmoet,  1741-56,  Romeyn, 
T.  1760-72,  Van  Bunschooten,  E.  1785-1799,  Demarest,  John,  1803-8, 
Eltinge,  C.  C.  16-43.  Van  Wyck,  G.  P.  44"52,  Slauson,  53-7,  Mills, 
S.  W.  58-71,  Rogers.  S.  J.  72-6,  Voorhees,  H.  M.  77-9,  Talmage,  G. 

79-87,  Taylor,  L.  L.  87-91,  Vennema,  A.  92-5,  McKenzie,  1896 

See  "Translation  of  Records  of,"'  by  Rev.  J.  B.  Ten  Eyck. 

Port  Jervis  2d,  1897.    Harris,  D.  T.  97-9,  Forbes,  1900 

Port  Richmond,  1680,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Richmond. 

Port  Washington,  (station.)     Smith,  N.  E.,  Miss,  to,  1845-7. 

Pottersdam,  1792,  see  Rockaway,  N.J. 


1022  THE   CHURCHES. 

Pottersville,  Somerset  Co.  N.J.  1865.  Jones,  T.  W.  67-70,  Carroll,  V.  B. 
71-3,  Davis.  J.  A.  73-8,  Hoffman,  W.  H.  78-83,  Schmitz,  Wra.  84-6, 
Van  Neste,  G.  J.  88-92,  Prentice,  94-7,  McNair,  W.  1898 

Pottsville,  Pa.  (station,)  1830.  Dumont,  Miss,  to,  1829,  Talmage,  J.  R., 
Miss,  to,  1829-31. 

Pcugiikkepsie,  Dutchess  Co.  N.Y.  1716.  Van  Driessen,  J.,  supplied  occa- 
sionally, 1727-35,  again,  1751,  Van  Schie,  I73T"3>  Meinema,  1745-56, 
Van  Nist,  1758-61,  Schoonmaker,  H.  1763-74,  Rysdyck,  1765-72,  (See 
"M.G.S."  i.  31.  etc.)  Van  Voorhees,  S.  I773A  (Froeligh,  S.  1776-80, 
Livingston,  J.  H.  1781-3,  Gray,  A.  1790-4,  Brower,  1794-1808,  Cuyler, 
C.  C:  1808-33,  Van  Vranken,  S.  A.  34-7,  Mann,  38-57,  McEckron.  58-67, 

Van    Gieson,    1867 .  See    "Van    Giesen's    Hist.    First    Ch.    Pough- 

keepsie,"  1893. 

Poughkeepsie  2D,  1847.  Yates,  J.  (S.S.)  49,  Whitehead,  50-2,  Hagaman, 
C.  S.  53-71,  Elmendorf,  J.  72-86,  Brown,  F.  A.  M.  87-9,  Hill,  W.  B. 
90-1902,  Hunter,  D.  M.  assistant,  99-1902. 

Prairieville,  Barry  Co.  Mich.  1842. 

Prattsville,  1798,  see  Grand  Gorge,  N.Y. 

Preakness,  Passaic  Co.  N.J.  1801.  (Supplied  by  DeWitt,  P.  Cornelison, 
J.,  Romeyn,  J.  V.  C,  Stryker,  P.,  Demaresi,  John,  Demarest,  C.  T., 
Field,  J.  T..  Van  Santvoord,  S.,  Neal,  etc.,  1798-1825,)  Kuypers,  Z.  H. 
25-42,  Woods,  John,  (S.S.)  Dec.  42-June,  43,  Staats,  43-61,  Durand, 
62-8,  Cole,  S.  T.  68-72,  Zabriskie,  A.  A.  73-8,  Wyckoff,  B.  V.  D.  78- 
84,  Verbrycke,  J.  R.  84-7,  Bcekman,  T.  A.  (S.S.)  87-9,  Labaw,  G.  W. 
iSSg .  See  "Labaw's  Centennial  Discourse,"  1902. 

Princes  Bay,  1900,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Richmond. 

Princetown,  Giffords,  Schenectady  Co.  N.Y.  1821.  Whiting,  21-2,  Dew- 
ing, Miss,  to,  22,  Van  Vechten,  S.,  Miss,  to,  22-3,  Blair,  Miss,  to,  24, 
Hardenbergh,  J.  B.  24-5,  Blair,  25-7,  Bogardus,  N.  (S.S.)  28?  Lock- 
wood,  L.  R.  33-4,  Ingalls,  (S.S.)  38-9,  Davies,  43-7,  Rosencrantz,  J. 
49-50,  Hall,  D.  B.  (S.S.)  56-63,  Ricketts,  (S.S.)  63-5,  Hall,  D.  B.  65-9. 
Raymond.  H.  A.,  supplied,  71,  Rhinehardt,  73-86,  Wessells,  89-92,  John- 
ston, T.  C.  93-9,  Strohauer,  1900-2. 

Prinsburg,    1894,  see   Roseland.   Minn. 

Pultneyville    Station,   N.Y.    1824. 

rEYViLLE,  (East  Williamson,)  Wayne  Co.  N.Y.  1851.  Morris,  J., 
.Miss,  to,  24-5.  Kasse,  52-61,  Veenhuizen,  62-70,  Bahler,  P.  G.  M.  71-84, 
Veenhuizen,  (S.S.)  85-7,  Wayenberg,  88-90,  Van  Westenberg,  91-2, 
Van  Doom,  1893 

Quassaick.  (Newburgh)  N.Y.  1708.  Some  Reformed,  but  mostly  Luther- 
ans. Supplied  chiefly  by  the  Lutheran  ministers  between  New  York 
and   Albany. 

Queens  Co.  L.I.  N.Y.  A  general  name  embracing  the  collegiate  charges 
of  Jamaica,  Oyster  Bay,  Success,  and  Newtown,  and  sometimes 
Gravesend.    "Doc.  Hist.  N.Y."  iii.  7?.  118-296;  "Smith's  N.Y."  316. 

Queens,  N.Y.  [858,  see  New  York  City,  borough  of  Queens. 

Quincy,  Adams  Co.  111.  1858.     Conrad,  Miss,  to,  1858-9. 

Rabbit   River,  Allegan  Co.  Mich.     Same  as  Zabriskie  and  Hamilton. 


THE   CHURCHES.  1023 

Racine,  Racine  Co.  Wis.  1891.     Vetter,  G.  1892. 

Ramapo,  Mahwah,  Bergen  Co.  NJ.  1785.  Leydt,  P.  1789-93,  Brinkerhoff, 
G.  G.  1793-1807,"  Demarest,  J.  D.  1808-24,  Wynkoop,  Jef,  25-36,  Allen, 
P-  37-53,  Van  Dcren,  W.  T.  53-7,  Demarest,  W.  58-70.  Magee,  71-5, 
Nasholds,  79-80,  Letson,  82-92,  King,  A.  A.  92-1900,  Van  den  Burg, 
1901 

Ramapo,  Secession,  1824.     Demarest,  J.  D.  1824-58,  De  Baun,  J.  T.  1856-60. 

Ramsay,  Titonka,  German  Valley,  Kos.  Co.  la.  1886.  Schaefer,  D.  87-93, 
Huenemann,  Jac.  93-8,  Janssen,  1899 

Ramsey's,  Bergen  Co.  N.J.  1875.     Nasholds,  79-80,  Letson,  82-6. 

Randolph  Centre,  Columbia  Co.  Wis.  1893.     Engelsman,  1898 

Raritan,  Somerville,  Somerset  Co.   NJ.   1699.     Supplied  by  Bertholf,  G. 

occasionally,  1699-1720,  Frelinghuysen,  T.  J.  1720-48,  Frelinghuysen,  J. 

1750-4,  Hardenbergh,  J.   R.   1758-81,   Romeyn,  T.   F.    1784-5,   Duryea, 

John,  1786-98,  Vredenbergh,  1800-21,  Van  Kleek,  26-31,  Messier,  32-79, 

Searle,  J.  P.  81-93,   Cranmer,   1893— 

Chartered  1753.     See  New  Brunswick.     See  also  "Dr.  Messler's  Me- 
morial Sermons  and  Hist.  Notes,"  1873.— Bi-centennial  Addresses,  1899. 
Raritan,  Secession,   1730.     Rieger,   1734-9,  Arondeus,   1747-54- 
Raritan  2D,   Somerville,   1834.     Whitehead,  35-9,  Chambers,  T.  W.   40-9, 

Craven,  50-4,   Mesick,   55-82,   Read,   E.   A.    1882 .   Sketch   in   "Ch. 

Int."  Dec.  10,  1863.     Read's  Sermon  at  50th  Anniversary,  1884. 
Raritan  3D,  1848.     Stryker,  P.  48-51,  Cornell,  J.  A.  H.  51-6,  Le  Fevre,  57- 

75,  Pool,  75-88,  De  Hart,  1888 

Raritan  4TH   (Ger.)    1879.     Schlieder,  F.  81-6,  Koechli,   1891 

Raritan,  (Honey  Creek,)  Henderson  Co.  111.  1854.  Eltinge,  C.  D.  56-61, 
Bumstead,  61-75,  Adam,  (S.S.)  76-7,  Phanstiehl,  79-83,  Van  Oosten- 
brugge,    84-7,    Dutton,    (S.S.)    87-8,    Sonnema,    89-91,    Wessels,    92-3, 

dickering,  94-7,  Van   Kersen,    1897 

See  Simonson's  25th  Anniversary  Address. 

Readington,  (formerly  called  North  Branch,)  Hunterdon  Co.  N.J.  1719. 
On  the  North  Branch  till  1738,  when  removed  to  Readington.  Freling- 
huysen, T.  J.  1720-48,  Frelinghuysen,  J.  1750-4,  Hardenbergh,  1758-81, 
Lydekker,  Conference,  supplied,  1767,  Van  Arsdale,  S.  1783-7,  Studdi- 
ford,   P.   1787-1826,  Van  Liew,  J.   1828-69,  Van  Slyke,  J.   G.   1869-70, 

Smock,  71-83,  Wyckoff,  B.  V.  D.  1884 

Chartered   in    1753.     See    New   Brunswick.     See    "Van    Liew's    Ser." 

"Dr.   Messler's   Mem.   Sermons  and  Hist.   Notes,"   1873,  and   " Wyckoff 's 

Hist.  Disc."  1894. 

Redford.  Wayne  Co.  Mich.   1858.     Michael,   Dan.,  Miss,  to,  1836-47. 

Red  Hook,  same  as  Upper  Red  Hook,  N.Y. 

Red  Hook  Landing,  (Old  Red  Hook,  or  Madalin,  near  Tivoli,)  Dutchess 
Co.  N.Y.  1766.  Supplied  by  Fryenmoet,  1766- (9?).  by  Kuypers, 
W.  1769-71,  by  Romeyn,  D.  1773-5,  by  Van  Voorhees,  S.  1776-80,  by 
De  Ronde,  1780,  by  Livingston,  J.  H.  1780-3;  De  Witt,  P.  1788-9, 
Romeyn,  J.  1794-1806,  Kittle,  1807-15,  Rudy,  (S.S.)  25-35,  Hangen, 
38-40.     Since  1840  only  occasional  services. 


1024  THE   CHURCHES. 

The  "Rhincbeck  Records"  speak  of  baptisms  at  Roode  Hoeck  in  1751, 

by    Van    Hovenbergh.     Rev.    Fryenmoet   also   baptized    here    about    1751. 

Hollanders   from  Kingston  and  Albany   settled  here  about   1750.     Smith, 

in  his  history  of  Red  Hook,  says,  that  between   1783-1807,  the  following 

officiated,  more  or  less  frequently :     Fryenmoet,   Kuypers,  Rysdyck,  Van 

Voorhees,  Livingston,  Laidlie,  Samuel  Smith  of  Saratoga,  Dirk  and  Jer. 

Romeyn,  Cock,  etc.     See  Rhinebeck,  (Ger.),  and  Upper  Red  Hook. 

Rehoboth,  Lucas,  Missaukee  Co.  Mich.  1890.  Classical  Missionary,  90-3, 
Vanden  Bosch,  T.  94-8,  missionary,  1898 

Remsenbush,  now  Florida,   N.Y. 

Rem  Snyder's  Bush,  N.Y.  1824.     Ketchum,  Miss,  to,  1823. 

Rensselaer,  Albany  Co.  N.Y.  1848.  McCartney,  49-57,  Bevier,  60-3,  Ray- 
mond, 64-71,  Taylor,  G.  I.  74-89,  when  this  church  reunited  with 
Boght,  N.Y. 

Rensselaer  ist,  1892,  see  Bath  on  the  Hudson,  N.Y.  Name  changed  to 
Rensselaer,  April,  1902,  while  this  work  was  in  press. 

Rensselaerwyck,    now    Albany,    N.Y. 

Rexfordville,  same  as  Amity,  N.Y. 

Reynolds,  1707,  see  Schagticoke,  N.Y. 

Rhinebeck,  (Rein-beck)  Dutchess  Co.  N.Y.  1715.  (German.)  Also  writ- 
ten Rhyn-Beck.  This  church  was  organized  at  Pink's  Corner,  mid- 
way between  the  present  Rhinebeck  and  Red  Hook.  It  held  its  prop- 
erty until  1729  in  union  with  a  Lutheran  congregation.  Shortly  after 
1800  the  Reformed  portion  of  this  congregation  located  at  Red  Hook. 
About  1837  it  shared  the  labors  of  a  nearby  Lutheran  pastor,  and 
about  1840  became  the  Lutheran  church  of  Red  Hook.  Like  the  Camp 
church  at  Germantown,  it  was  independent,  though  bearing  the  name 
"Reformed." 

Supplied,  more  or  less  frequently,  by  Haeger,  J.  F.  1 715-21,  by  Man- 
cius,  1732-42,  by  Weiss,  1742-6,  by  Schnorr,  1746-8,  by  Mancius,  1748- 
55,  by  Rubel,  1755-9.  by  Mancius,  1759-62,  by  Cock,  1763-94,  (by  De 
Witt,  P.  1787-98?)  by  Schaefer,  J.  D.  1794-9,  by  Fox,  1802-23,  by 
Rudy,  1823-35,  by  Gates,  Cor.  1835-7,  by  Goertner,  N.  W.  (pastor  of 
the  stone  Lutheran  church),  1837-40.  Now  Lutheran. — See  "Smith's 
Hist,  of  Rhinebeck."  This  church  seems  to  have  been  reorganized 
by  Weiss,  May  23,  1734. 
Rhinebeck,  (Rhinebeck  Flats,)  Dutchess  Co.  N.Y.  1731.  Supplied,  more 
or  less  frequently,  by  Vas,  1731-42,  by  Van  Schie,  1731-3,  by  Mancius, 
1732-42,  Weiss,  1742-6,  by  Mancius,  1746-50,  Van  Hovenbergh,  1750- 
63,  by  Cock,  Fryenmoet  and  Rysdyck,  1763-9,  Kuypers,  Warmoldus, 
1769-71,  Romeyn,  D.  1773-5,  Van  Voorhees,  1776-85,  De  Witt.  P. 
1787-97,  Romeyn,  J.  B.  1799-1803,  Brodhead,  1804-9,  McMurray,  1812- 
20,  Parker,  D.  20-7,  Labagh,  A.  I.  (evangelist,)  26-7,  Bethune,  27-29, 
Hardenbergh,  J.  B.  30-6,  Lillie,  37-41.  Hoft',  42-51,  Stryker,  P.  51-6, 
Miller,  W.  A.  56-9,  Timlow,  59-66,  Talmage,  G.  67-71,  Peeke.  A.  P. 
72-9,  Lott,  L.  W.  79-84.  Campbell,  J.  B.  85-7,  Berry,  J.  R.  87-91,  Suy- 
dam,  J.  H.  1891 


THE   CHURCHES.  1025 

See  "E.  M.  Smith's  Hist,  of  Rhinebeck,"  and  "Dr.  J.  B.  Drury's  Hist. 
Address  on  the  Refd.  Ch.  Rhinebeck."  1881. 

Richboro,  1864,  see  Addisville,  Pa. 

Richmond,  1717,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Richmond. 

Richmond,  18,08,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Richmond. 

Ridgefield,  1770,  see  English  Neighborhood,  NJ. 

Ridgeway,  Lenawee  Co.  Mich.  1842.  De  Witt,  J.  42-4,  Minor,  45-8,  Taylor, 
A.  B.  49-52,  Kershow,  53-5,'"kBeidler,  55-6.     See  South  Macon. 

Ridgewood,  Bergen  Co.  NJ.  1875.     Van  Neste,  J.  A.  1875- — - 

Ridgewood,  1893,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  "Brooklyn. 

Rifton  Glen,  1831,  see  Dashville  Falls,  NY 

Riverside,    1885,    see    Paterson,    NJ. 

Rochelle  Park,  Bergen  Co.  NJ.  1900.     Hunter,  G.  M.   1901 

Rochester,  Mombacus,  Accord,  Ulster  Co.  N.Y.  1701.  Supplied  by  minis- 
ters from  Kingston,  Catskill  and  Albany,  1677-1753,  Frelinghuysen, 
Jac.  called  1753,  but  died,  Frelinghuysen,  H.  1756-7,  Romeyn,  D.  1766- 
75,  supplied  by  Van  Nest,  R.  1776-7,  Hardenbergh,  J.  R.  1781-5,  Van 
Horn,  A.  1789-95,  Mandeville,  G  1797-1801,  Westervelt,  R.  A.  1802-8, 
Murphy,  14-25,  Morse,  B.  V.,  Miss,  to,  28,  Westfall,  B.  B.  28-37, 
Mesick,  37-40,  Wyckoff,  C.  41-65,  Strong,  S.  W.  65-70,  Hastings,  70-6, 
Church,  77-92,  McNair,  J.  L.  92-1902. 
Chartered,  1766,  with  Wawarsing  and  Marbletown.     See  Ulster  Co.  N.Y. 

"Doc.  Hist."  iii.  600. 

Rochester,  Monroe  Co.  N.Y.  1852.  Veenhuysen,  52-3,  Wust,  56-64,  Krie- 
kaard,  66-8,  Bahler, .  P.  68-73,  De  Bruyn,  73-91.  Schilstra,  S.  A.  91- 
1900,  Dykstra,  L.   1901 

Rochester  2d,  1886.  Van  der  Hart,  E.  87-9,  Vennema,  A.  89-92,  Hopkins, 
T.  W.  (S.S.)  92-3,  Bates,  W.  H.  9VS,  Steffens,  C.  M.  95-8,  Lamar, 
j.   l898 

Rockaway,    1740,    1813,    see   Lebanon,    NJ. 

Rockaway,  (Potterstown,)  in  Whitehouse,  Hunterdon  Co.  NJ.  1792.  Dur- 
yea,  J.  1799-1801,  Demarest,  C.  T.  1808-13,  Schultz,  16-34,  Williamson, 
P.  S.  35-9,  Otterson,  40-5,  Talmage,  G.  45-51,  Comfort,  52-4,  Lloyd, 
55-6,  Sturges,  57-63,  Van  Slyke,  65-7,  Bailey,  W.  68-84,  Conklin,  M.  T. 
84-9.  Miller,  B.  C.  90-5,  Lyman-Wheaton,  95-1900,  Jones,  H.  T. 
1900 

Rock  Valley,  Sioux  Co.  la.  1891.     Huizenga,  J.  1891 

Rocky  Hill,  Somerset  Co.  NJ.  1857.  Schenck,  M.  S.  57-65,  Gesner,  65- 
71,  Berg,  H.  C.  72-9,  Lawsing,  79-83.  Crane,  84-92,  Hogan,  O.  J.  93-8, 
Schmitz,   Wm.   1901 

Rome,   same   as   Wurtsboro'  or   Mamakating. 

Root,  now  Currytown. 

Roseland,  1879,  see  Chicago,  111. 

Roseland,  Prir.sburg,  Candivabi  Co.  Minn.  1886.  Supplied,  86-94,  Dangre- 
mond,  G.  (S.S.)  94-5,  Kriekaard,  C.  (S.S.)  96-7,  Dragt,  97-8,  De 
Groot,  D.  1899 

Rosendale,  Ulster  Co.  N.Y.  1843.  McFarland.  44-5,  Strong,  T.  C.  45-9, 
Eckel,  50-3,  Lente,  55-63,  Beardsley,  63.  Bevier,  64-7,  Liebenau,   (S.S.) 


1026  THE   CHURCHES. 

67-70,  Pastor,  70-6,  Schenck,  I.  S.  77-9,  Westveer,  80-2,  Oliver,  84-90, 

Morris,  J.  N.  90-3,  Coombe,  94-9,  Van  Haagen,  1900 

Rosendale  Plains,   Ulster  Co.  N.Y.   1897.     Coombe,  97-9,  Van  Haagen, 

Rotterdam  1st,  1799,  see  Schenectady,  N.Y. 

Rotterdam  2d,  1823,  see  Schenectady,  N.Y. 

Rotterdam,  Dispatch,  Jewell  Co.  Kansas,  1871.  Hoekje,  78-91,  Van  der 
Meulen,  Jac.  92-3,  Westing,  94-6,  Dragt,  1897 

Roxboro',  1836,  see  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Roxbury,  (Beaverdam,)  Delaware  Co.  N.Y.  1802,  records  begin.  Sup- 
plied by  Goetschius,  S. ;  Overbagh ;  Benedict,  Abner ;  and  Paige,  W. 
1802-25 ;  reorganization,  1825.  Boyd,  Josh.,  Miss,  to,  26-7,  Paige,  W. 
<S.S.)  27-32,  Van  Dyke,  H.  33-4,  Bronson,  A.  35-6,  Knight,  R.  W. 
36-41,  Hillman,  43-5,  Evans,  C.  A.  49-50,  Turner,  50-62,  Rhinehart, 
62-73,   Hammond,  J.  W.   73-5,   Miller,   B.   C.   75-81,   Arcularius,  81-3, 

King,  J.  F.  83-6,  Schmitz,  Wm.  86-90,  Demarest,  N.  H.  1890 

At  the  re-organization  in   1825,  took  the  name  of  Roxbury.     In   1893, 

incorporated  as  "The  Jay  Gould  Memorial  Reformed  Church  of  Rox- 
bury, N.  Y." 

Sacondaga,  (CI.  Montgomery,)  1789.  "Doc.  Hist."  iii.  684.  Same  as  Day, 
N.Y.,  which  see. 

Saddle  River,  Bergen  Co.  NJ.  1784,  till  1789  one  consistory  with  Para- 
mus.  Vanderlinde,  1784-9,  Kuypers,  G.  A.  1788-9,  Blauvelt,  1790-1, 
Kuypers,  W.  P.  1793-6,  Eltinge,  W.  1799-1811,  Goetschius,  14-35, 
Manley,  J.  34-66,  Meyers,  A.  H.  66-72,  Bogardus,  W.  E.  72-84,  Todd, 
W.  N.  85-92,  Van  Kampen,  1893 

Sagertisses,  same  as  Saugerties,  N.Y. 

St.  Caik,  "M.G.S."  i.  20.     An  error  for  Sinthoick. 

St.  Croix,  1744,  see  West  Indies. 

St.  Croix,  Rensselaer  Co.  N.Y.  In  town  of  Hoosick.  See  "Hist.  Rens- 
selaer Co."  375. 

St.  John,  1750?  see  West  Indies. 

St.  Johns,  same  as  Upper  Red  Hook,  N.Y. 

St.  Johnsville,  (Palatine,)  Montgomery  Co.  N.Y.  1770.  (Ger.  Ref.) 
Dyslin,  1790-1815.  (R.D.C.  1812.)  De  Voe,  16-30,  Meyers,  A.  H.  30-1, 
Stryker,  H.  B.  33-4,  Murphy,  34-7,  Meyers,  A.  H.  37-44,  Knieskern, 
45-72,  Lodewick,  72-5,  Van  Nest,  G.  J.  75-9,  Minor,  A.  D.  79-88,  Fur- 
beck,  P.  88-92,  Kinney,  C.  W.  93-8,  Hogan,  O.  J.  1898 

A  building  for  worship  was  built  at  this  place  as  early  as   1756. — See 

"Doc.  Hist.   N.Y."  iii.   674. 

St.  Remy,  Ulster  Co.  N.Y.  1864.  Garretson,  J.  (S.S.)  65-6,  Todd.  W.  N. 
74-81,  Compton,  J.  M.  84-8,  Bogardus,  F.  M.  88-90,  Millett.  Jos. 
1890 

St.  Thomas,  1660,  see  West  Indies. 

Salem,  1785,  see  New  Salem,  N.Y. 

S        m.  McCook  Co.  S.D.  1884.     Cotton,  85-7,  vacant,  87-91,  Zwemer,  F.  J. 
j.  vacant,  92-6,  Barny,  W.  F.   1896 


THE   CHURCHES.  I027 

Salem,  Little  Rock,  Lyon  Co.  la.  1894.    Janssen,  R.  1895 

Salisbury,  Herkimer  Co.  N.Y.   1822.     Ketchum,   1822-3.     "Doc.  Hist."  iii. 

674,  696. 
Salt  River,  Mercer  Co.  Ky.  1796.     Labagh,  P.,  Miss,  to,  1796-7,  Kyle,  1804- 
16.     In  1817,  CI.  New  Brunswick  recommended  it  to  become  Presby- 
terian.    [Cleland,  Thos.    (Presbyt.)    1816-25.     The  building  was  then 
occupied  by  the  Cumberland  Presbyterians  for  20  years,  1825-45.] 
Dutch  emigrants  began  to  locate  at  Salt  River,  Ky.  in  1781.     They  came 
chiefly  from  Conewago,  York  Co.  Pa.,  and  from  Hanover,  Adams  Co.  Pa. 
A  few  came  directly  from  Bergen  and  Somerset  Cos.  N.J.     Collins,  in  his 
history  of  Kentucky  (vol.  ii.  523),  says:     The  first  Dutch  emigrants  came 
to  White  Oak  Springs,  one  mile  above  Boonesborough,  in  1781.     This  com- 
pany consisted  of  Henry  Banta,  Sr.,  Henry  Banta,  Jr.,  Abraham  Banta, 
John  Banta,  Samuel  Duryee,  Peter  Duryee,  Daniel  Duryee,  Henry  Duryee, 
Albert   Duryee,   Peter   Cozart,    (or   Cozad),    Fred   Ripperham,   and   John 
Flenty.     They  purchased  1200  acres  of  land,  which  is  known  as  "The  Low 
Dutch  Tract."     But  the  accuracy  of  some  of  these  statements  of  Collins, 
about  first  location,  is  questioned. 

There  were,  however,  later  companies  of  Dutch  emigrants  to  Kentucky. 
A  large  body  left  Conewago,  Pa.  in  1793,  for  "the  cane  lands  of  Kain- 
tuckee."  The  journey  took  many  weeks  in  large,  heavy  wagons.  They 
camped  out  at  night  in  the  wilderness,  but  always  rested  on  the  Sabbath 
day,  and  held  religious  services.  After  crossing  the  mountains  they 
reached  the  upper  waters  of  the  Ohio.  They  descended  the  river  in  flat 
boats,  the  shores  being  infested  with  hostile  savages.  They  landed  at 
Limestone,  now  Maysville,  Ky.,  and  again  started  with  their  wagons  for 
Upper  Salt  River,  near  the  present  town  of  Harrodsburg.  They  drove 
cows  before  them  all  the  way,  and  some  of  their  milk  was  churned  daily, 
by  the  motion  of  the  heavy,  springless  wagons,  and  furnished  them  butter 
on  their  journey.  The  records  of  Mercer  Co.  Ky.,  show  the  purchase  of 
44  tracts  of  land  between  1789  and  1802  by  these  Dutch  emigrants.  Among 
the  names  are  those  of  Banta,  Cozine,  Nourse,  Demaree,  (Demarest), 
Stagg,  Lite,  (Leydt),  DeMott,  Smock,  Terhune,  Vories,  (Voorhees),  Van 
Nuys,  Bice,  (Boice  or  Beys),  Verbrycke,  Huff,  and  others.  The  settle- 
ment near  Boonesborough,  notwithstanding  Collins'  assertion  above,  prob- 
ably took  place  later,  and  from  these  Dutch  emigrants  of  Mercer  county. 
And  although  they  took  no  minister  with  them,  they  at  once  began  to 
conduct  religious  services  among  themselves.  They  began  a  Saturday 
evening  Prayer-meeting  in  1800,  which  on  Aug.  25,  1900,  celebrated  its 
Centennial. 

In  1796  occurred  the  visit  of  Rev.  Peter  Labagh  to  this  region.  He  was 
sent  by  the  Synod  to  visit  this  distant  settlement.  He  went  from  Hacken- 
sack,  N.J.,  all  the  way  on  horseback,  and  returned  in  the  same  way.  While 
there  he  organized  a  Reformed  Dutch  Church.  On  Dec.  22,  1800,  David 
Adams  and  Elizabeth,  his  wife,  sold  three  acres  of  land  on  the  dry  fork 
of  Salt  River,  Mercer  Co.  Ky.,  to  John  Verbrycke,  Isaac  Vanice,  (Van 
Nuys),  and  Peter  Conine,  for  £4  10s.  for  said  church.  As  soon  as  the 
"sleepers"  were  put  in  place,  a  dedicatory  prayer  was  offered.     Its  walls 


1028  THE   CHURCHES. 

were     filled     in     with     mad,    and   it   yet    stands,    after    a    century,   and   is 
now   known  (1901)  as  "The  Old  Mud  Meeting  House." 

Domine  Thomas  Kyle  emigrated  also  from  Pennsylvania  to  Kentucky, 
but  had  settled  in  Washington  County.  In  1802  he  bought  land  in  Mercer 
County,  and  became  the  pastor  of  this  Dutch  church,  1802-16,  when  he 
became  a  Methodist.  Meantime,  emigration  of  some  of  these  Dutch  into 
Henry  County,  and  states  north  of  the  Ohio,  was  taking  place,  and  the 
old  Dutch  church  became  Presbyterian.  See  Conewago,  in  this  work ; 
also  Rev.  Jas.  K.  Demarest's  "Hist.  Disc,  of  Presbyt.  Ch.  of  Gettysburg, 
Pa."  1876;  also  Scomp's  "Old  Mud  Meeting  House,"  at  Salt  River, 
Ky.  1900;  also  Thos.  M.  Banta's  "A  Frisian  Family,"  or  "The  Banta 
Genealogy." 

Samsonville,  1851,  see  Krumville,  N.Y. 
Sand  Beach,  1810,  see  Owasco  Outlet,  N.Y. 
Sandham   Memorial,  Monroe,  S.D.  1883.     (At  first  known  as  Marion). 

Harmeling,  S.  J.  83-94,  Reeverts,  95-7,  classical  missionary,  1897 

Sand  Hill,  now  Canajoharie,  N.Y. 
Sand  Ridge,  111.     Meulendyk,  (S.S.)   1877-9. 
Sandusky  City,  (CI.  Michigan),  1855.     Kuss.  1855-6. 

Saratoga,  (Schuylerville,)  Saratoga  Co.  N.Y.  1770.  Drummond,  1771-7, 
reorganized,  1789.  Smith,  S.  1789-1801,  Duryea,  P.  H.  1803-28,  Boyd, 
H.  M.  29-34,  May,  34-9,  Jones,  D.  A.  39-44,  Chester,  44-50,  Searle, 
S.  T.,  50-7,  Merrill,  58-61,  Lansing,  A.  G.  62-8,  Collier,  I.  H.  69-74, 
Van   Doren,    D.    K.    74-82,    Chapman,   J.    W.   83-5,    McCullom.   86-91, 

Hainer,  92-5,  Brandow,  J.  H.  1895 

See  Brandow's  "Story  of  Old  Saratoga,"  1901. 
Sattambadi,  1862,  see  India. 

Saugatuck,  Mich.  1868.  Brock,  D.  70-5,  Nies,  76-9,  Groeneveld,  81-2;  dis- 
banded. 
SAUGERTIES,  N.Y.  1839.  Ostrander,  H.  1839-40;  Van  Santvoord.  C.  S. 
1840-54,  Elmendorf,  J.  1855-62,  Gaston,  J.  1862-9,  Thompson,  J.  B. 
1869-71,  Cobb,  S.  H.  1871-83,  Wcrtman,  1883-1901,  Hunter,  D.  M. 
1902 

Legally,  the  organization  dates  back  to  the  coming  of  the  Palatines  to 
West  Camp  in  1710.  Historically  and  as  a  fact,  the  church  of  Saugerties, 
which  had  unsuccessfully  petitioned  for  an  organization  during  the  pre- 
ceding five  years,  became  a  church  separate  from  Katsbaan  in  1839.  The 
village  of  Saugerties  began  in  1825,  when  manufacturers  availed  them- 
selves of  its  great  water  power.  See  Katsbaan. 
Sayville,  Suffolk  Co.  N.Y.  1866.     Jongeneel,  L.  G.  66-71,  Van  Emmerick. 

73-88.  Cronsay,  88-90,  Hoffman,  J.  93-9,  Schilstra.  E.   S.   1900 

ScHAGHTICOKEj  Reynolds,  Rensselaer  Co.  N.Y.  1707.  Supplied  by  Freling- 
huysen,  T.  quarterly,  1745-5').  by  We^terlo,  1760-73:  Van  Bunschooten, 
K.  1773-85,  De  Ronde,  supplied,  1776-84,  pastor,  1784-95,  Paige,  1793- 
1807,  Ostrander,  S.  1810-21,  Switz.  1823-9,  Marcellus,  1831-4,  Boyd, 
H.  M.  1835-41,  Ackerson,  1842-4.  Meyers,  A.  H.  (S.S.)  1844-8,  Fonda, 
J.  D.  1848-56,  Van  Brunt,  (S.S.)  1857-61.  White,  G.  1864-9,  Viele,  1871- 


THE   CHURCHES.  1029 

2,  Cole,  S.  T.  1872-9,  Ackerman,  79-85,  Shafer,  T.  86-9,  Gordon,  M.  R. 

90-4,  Macardel,  94-7,  Ficken,  1898 

See  "Amst.  Cor."     "Doc.  Hist."  i.  245. 

Schenectady,  Schenectady  Co.  N.Y.,  churches  in : 

1.  Schenectady,  ist,  1680.  (An  out-station  of  Albany,  1662-80.  See 
Flats.)  Supplied  by  Schaats,  1662-80,  Tesschenmaeker,  1684-90, 
supplied  by  Dellius,  1690-9,  Freeman,  1700-5,  supplied  by  Lydius, 
1702-9,  [Barclay,  Episc.  1710-15,]  Bower,  T.  1715-28,  Erickzon,  1728- 
36,   (chartered,  1734,)   Van  Santvoord,  C.  1742-52,  Vrooman,  1754" 

"     84,    (Eng.   Lang,  began  to  be  introduced,)    Romeyn,  D.    1784-1804, 

Sickles,    (colleague,)    1794-7,    Meyer,    J.    H.    1803-6,    Bogardus,    C. 

1808-11,  Van  Vechten,  14-49,  Taylor,  W.  J.  R.  49-53,  Seelye,  J.  H. 

54-8,  Seelye,  E.  E.   58-64,  Wortman,  65-70,   Vermilye,   A.   G.  71-7, 

Griffis,   77-86,   Sewall,  86-99,   Raymond,   A.   V.   V.    (S.S.)    99-1900, 

Zelie,  1901 — — 

See  "Amst.    Cor." ;   "Col.    Docs.,"   see  Index,    Schenectady  ;   particular 

references  to  the  church,  iv.  541,  727,  729,  732,  767,  833,  835,  983,  v.  656, 

vi.  160,  vii.  398,  viii.  282.     "Doc.  Hist."  i.  179-195,  242,  340,  iii.  536,  540,  552, 

628,    685.     "Smith's    N.Y."    305.     "Mag.    R.D.C."    ii.    328.     "Manual    and 

Directory  of  the  Church  of,"    1878.     Schenectady,    ist   Ch.   Memorial,   at 

200th  Anniversary,   1880. 

2.  Rotterdam,  (or  Schenectady  2d,)  Pattersonville,  1799.  Van  Zandt, 
P.  1818-22,  Searle,  J.  23-7,  Boyd,  Josh.  28-36,  Mead,  44-9,  Jukes,  56- 
62,  Lowe,  J.  63-90,  Hill,  Alex.  1890 

3.  Glenville,  (or  Schenectady  ist,  of  Fourth  Ward,)  1814.  Van 
Zandt,  P.  18-22,  Slingerland,  24-33,  Bunnell,  35-8,  Ingalls,  40-51, 
Meyers,  A.  H.  52-4,  Burghardt,  55-61,  Peeke,  G.  H.  61-3,  Minor, 
64-73,  Randies,  73-81,  Hill,  W.  J.  82-4,  Nickerson,  N.  F.  85-91:, 
Morton,  93-5,  Mclntyre,  Jos.  95-8,  Rogers,  R.  1898 

4.  Glenville  2D,  (Scotia,)  Schenectady  Co.  N.Y.  1818.  Murphy,  1826- 
34,  Stryker,  H.  B.  34-7,  Swift,  37-42,  Crocker,  42-8,  Vedder,  E.  49- 
51,  Williamson,  N.  D.  51-5,  Slingerland,  57-60,  Berry,  P.  62-3,  Wil- 
son, F.  F.  64-70,  Bookstaver,  A.  A.  70-1,  Johnston,  A.  72-5,  Vander 
Wart,  76-83,  Van  Doren,  D.  K.  83-5,  Doig,  85-92,  Gordon,  M.  R. 
85-1900,  Roberts,  H.  B.  1901 ■ 

5.  Rotterdam  2d,  1823.  Searle,  J.  1823-7,  Boyd,  Josh.  1828-40,  Nott, 
1841-54,  Spaulding,  1856-60,  Schoonmaker,  R.  L.  1861-70,  Davis, 
W.  P.  1870-4,  (supplied  by  Storer,  M.  J.,  a  Lutheran,  1874-5,)  Van 
Allen,  1876-83,  Vander  Veer/  L.  83-91,  Knox,  J.  C.  1891 

6.  Schenectady  2d,  (Jay  St.)  1851.  Duryea,  I.  G.  52-8,  (Dean,  58-9, 
pending  the  lawsuit,)  Van  Santvoord,  C.  S.  (S.S.)  59-61,  Du  Bois, 
A.  62-9,  Phraner,  70-5,  Crocker,  J.  N.  (S.S.)  76-8,  Lawrence,  E.  C. 
78-80,  Kipp,  P.  E.  81-7,  Hinds,  87-91,  Cole,  P.  H.  91-7,  Talmage, 
G.  E.  1898 .     See  "Year  Book,"  1900. 

7.  Schenectady  3d  (Ger.)    (College  st.)   1854.     Schwilk,  1856-68. 

8.  Bellevue,  1892.  Enders,  (S.S.)  93-4,  Thyne,  (S.S.).  94-7.  Hogan. 
R.  J.  1897 


io30 


THE   CHURCHES. 


9.  Mont  Pleasant,  1892.    Vanderveer,  L.  (S.S.)  92-7,  Herman,  A.  B. 

1897 

Schodack,  Rensselaer  Co.  N.Y.  1756.  Fryenmoet,  1770-8,  Romeyn,  J.  V.  C. 
1788-94,  Bork,  1789-1808,  Fonda,  Jesse,  1809-13,  Van  Buren,  P.  14-20, 
Johnson,  I.  Y.  21-3,  Bennet,  24-8,  Van  Santvoord,  S.  29-34,  Gray,  J. 
35-46,  Baily,  47-56,  Snyder,  56-69,  Peffers,  09-73,  Veenschoten,  74-86, 
Plass,  Norman,  86-7,  Birdsall,  88-92,  Shaw,  J.  94-6,  McCully,  97-1900, 

Van  Oostenbrugge,  C.  1900 

Schodack  Landing,  1858.  Was  united  with  the  Ch.  of  Schodack,  1859-66. 
Kip,  I.  L.  67-74,  Leggett,  75-82,  Hendrickson,  82-7,  Nasholds,  87-91, 

Crane,  92-1900,  Foster,  J.  W.  1900 

Schoharie,  (Huntersfield,)  Schoharie  Co.  N.Y.  1720-30.  (Haegar,  J.  F. 
in  this  region,  1710-21.)  Oehl,  1724-30,  Erickson,  1730-1,  Weiss,  1731- 
2,  Schuyler,  1736-55.  Goetschius.  J.  M.  i757-6o,  Rosenkrantz,  A.  1760-5, 
Schuyler,  1766-79,  Van  Nest,  R.  1780-5,  Schneyder,  1785-8,  Broeffle, 
i788-(98)?  Van  Nest,  R.  1797-1803,  Schoeffer,  (1798)  ?-i8i9,  Weid- 
man,  20-36,  Scribner,  36-9,  Robertson,  39-42,  Wells,  R.  44"57,  Crispell, 
57-63,  Cobb,  S.  H.  64-70,  Vedder,  E.  71-3,  Handy,  74-80,  Todd,  A.  F. 

80-4,   Smart,  85-92,  Handy,   1892 

"Doc.  Hist."  iii.  397,  423-5,  628-31.  "Col.  Hist."  v.  575.  "Smith's  N.Y." 
306.  "Sims'  Hist,  of  Schoharie  Co."  "Mag.  R.D.C."  iv.  172.  "Cox's 
Herkimer,"  p.  4. 

Schoharie  Kill,  (Conesville,)  1800?     Schermerhorn,  C.  D.  1802-30. 
Schoharie  Mount,  1808,  see  Howe's  Cave,  N.  Y. 
Schoteau,  same  as  Shokan.     See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn."  i.  314. 
Schraalenburgh,  Bergen  Co.  N.J.  1724.     Erickson,  1725-8,  Mancius,  1730-2, 
Curtenius,    1737-55,    Goetschius,   J.   H.    1748-74,    Romeyn,    D.    1775-84, 
Froeligh,  S.  1786-1822,  seceded.     See  "Amst.  Cor."— "Centennial  Hist. 
CI.  of  Paramus." 
Schraalenburgh,    Secession.     1822.     Froeligh,    S.    1822-7,    Blauvelt,    C.    J. 

1828-52,  Hammond,  E.  S.  1858-62,  Van  Ilontcn,  1862-6. 
Schraalenburgh,    Du    Mont,    1756.     Schuyler,    1756-66,    Blauw,    1768-71, 
Kuypers,  W.  1771-97,  Romeyn,  J.  V.  C.  i799-i§33,  Cole,  I.  29-32,  Gar- 
retson,  J.  33-6,  Osborne,  37-41,  Blauvelt,  C.  J.  42-58,  Gordon,  W.  R. 
58-80,  Seibert,  G.  A.  81-91,  Cotton,  1892 

See  "Amst.  Cor." 
Schuyler,  (station,)  Herkimer  Co.  N.Y.     Snyder,  H.,  Miss,  to,  1829-30. 
Schuylerville,  1770,  see  Saratoga,  N.Y. 
Scotia,  1818,  see  Glenville,  Schenectady,  N.Y. 
Scotland,  1893,  see  Ebenezer,  S.D. 
Sea-side  Chapel,  1878,  see  Long  Branch,  N.J. 

Secaucus,  Hudson  Co.  N.J.  1882.     Supplied  by  students  and  others. 
Second  River,  1700,  now  Belleville,  NJ. 
Sekadu,  1868,  see  India. 
Selkirk,  1763,  see  Bethlehem  1st,  N.Y. 

Shandaken,  Ulster  Co.  N.Y.   1854.     Hammond,  J.  W.  54-6,  Betts,  56-61, 
Peeke,  A.  P.  62-5,  Brush,  A.  H.  65-7,  Hammond,  J.  W.  67-73,  West- 


THE   CHURCHES.  I0.3! 

veer,  74-6,  Beekman,  A.  J.  76-83,  McGibbon,  83-6,  Bergen,  J.  T.  86-9, 
Kinney,  91-3,  Niemeyer,  93-8,  Palmer,  C.  L.  1899 

Shannick,  same  as  Neshanic. 

Sharon,  Potter  Co.  Pa.  1797?     Gray,  1797-1819. 

Sharon  Centre,  (Dorlach.)  Schoharie  Co.  N.Y.  1771  ?  Bork,  1796-8,  La- 
bagh,  I.  1801-11,  Jones,  N.  1810-20,  Raymond,  29-32,  Bassler,  33-7, 
Frazee,  38-40,  Chittenden,  41-5,  Bogardus,  N.  46-8,  Eckel,  49-50,  Julien, 
52-3,  Jones,  N.  W.  (S.S.)  55-6,  Raymond,  56-64,  Van  Woert,  67-71, 
Shaffer,  71-4,  Carr,  75-7,  Kershow,  (S.S.)  77-9,  Parsons,  81-5,  Miller, 
E.  86-7,  Phelps,  P.  T.  89-94,  Messier,  I.  97-1901. 

Sharon,  Seceder,  {Independent,)   1827.     Bellenger,  1829-77. 

Shawangunk,  Bruynswick,  Ulster  Co.  N.Y.  1737.  United  with  Kingston 
until  1750.  Schuneman  and  Vrooman,  1753-4,  Goetschius,  J.  M.  1760- 
71,  Van  Nest,  R.  1774-85,  Froeligh,  M.  1778-1813,  Polhemus,  H.  1813- 
16,  Wilson,  A.  D.  16-29,  Mandeville,  H.  29-31,  Bevier,  31-43,  Alliger, 
43-50,  Scott,  51-66,  Spaulding,  68-82,  Hageman,  P.  K.  82-90,  Palmer, 
R.  V.  90-3,  Dixon,  Jos.  92-99,  Vandeburg,  1899 

Sheeoygan  Falls,  Sheboygan  Co.  Wis.  1856.  Harmeling,  92-3,  Sietsema, 
94-8,  Zwemer,  F.  J.  1898 

Sheldon,  Sioux  Co.  la.  1895.  Dykhuizen,  98-1900,  Van  Arendonk, 
1901 

Shokan,  (Ashokan,)  Ulster  Co.  N.Y.  1791.  Goetschius,  S.  1796-1814, 
Carle,  14-26,  Hendricks,  J.  26,  Boyse,  Miss,  to,  26-9,  Roosa,  30-4, 
Amerman,  T.  A.  35-8,  Harlow,  38-49,  Hammond,  J.  W.  48-9,  Voor- 
hees,  J.  N.  49-51,  Hammond,  J.  W.  52-6,  Betts,  56-61,  Abby,  L.  A.,  Oct. 
61-Ap.  62,  Peeke,  A.  P.  62-5,  Brush,  A.  A.  65-7,  Hammond,  J.  W. 
67-73,  Westveer,  74-6,  Beekman,  A.  J.  76-83,  McGibbon,  83-6,  Bergen, 
J.  T.  86-9,  Emmerick,  89-90,  Kinney,  90-3,  Niemeyer,  93-8,  Palmer, 
C.  L.  1899 .     Sketch  in  "Ch.  Int."  Sept.  5,  1900. 

Siam,  see  India. 

Sibley,   1894,  see  Baker,  la. 

Silver  Creek,  German  Valley,  Ogle  Co.  111.  (Ger.)  185 1.  Zurcher,  (S.S.) 
53,  Wagner,  56-61,  Muller,  J.  61-72,  Steffens,  72-8,  Matzke,  78-87, 
Beyer,  1888 

Silver  Creek,  Maple  Lake,  Wright  Co.  Minn.  1894.  Dangremond,  G.  94-5, 
Te  Paske,  189& ■ 

Sinthoick  or  Sincock,   1789,  afterward  Stillwater,  N.Y. 

Sioke,  1877,  see  China. 

Sioux  Centre,  Sioux  Co.  la.  1877.  (Formerly  called  West  Branch).  De 
Pree,  Jas.  1880 

Sioux  Centre,  la.  1899.  (Received  from  the  Presbytery  of  Sioux  Centre). 
Classical  missionary,  99-1900,  Heemstra,  J.  F.  1900 

Sioux  Falls,  Minnehaha  Co.  S.D.  1883.  Livingston,  E.  P.  83-5,  Skillman, 
85-93,  classical  missionary,  93-5,  Kingsbury,  L.  95-9,  classical  mis- 
sionary, 99-1900,  Ruigh,  1900-1,  classical  missionary,  1901 

Six  Mile  Creek,  (CI.  Cayuga,)  1827.     Mandeville,  G.  1828-31. 

Six  Mile  Run,  Franklin  Park,  Somerset  Co.  N.J.  (Three  Mile  Run)  1710. 
Van  Vleck,  P.  1710-12,  Frelinghuysen.  T.  J.  1720-47,   (Arondeus,  Con- 


THE   CHURCHES. 

ferentie,  1747-54,)  Leydt,  j.  1748-83,  (chartered,  1753,  sec  New  Bruns- 
wick. 1  Van  llarlingen,  1787-95,  Cannon,  1797-1826,  Romeyn,  Jas.  28-33, 
Sears,  33-80,  Taylor,  W.  R.  79-84,  Mulford,  85-9,  Blauvelt,  G.  M.   S. 

90-1901,  Case,  C.  P.  1902 

For  sketch,  see  "Ch.  Int."  Sept.  28,  1876.     Also  "Steele's  Hist.  Disc," 

New    Brunswick.    1867.     "Millstone    Centennial,"    1866.        "Dr.    Messler's 

Hist.  Notes,"  1873.    Streng's  Articles  on  the  Church  of  North  and  South 

Hampton,    Pa.     "Mulford's   Hist.    Discourse,"    1885:    and   "Prof.    Hinke's 

Church  Record  of  Bensalem  and  Neshaminy,  Pa.,"  in  "Journal  of  Presbyt. 

Hist.  Soc."  1901. 

Smithfield,  Pike  Co.  Pa.  1737.  (.This  was  a  preaching  station  from  1725, 
for  the  miners  in  the  vicinity.)  Fryenmoet,  1741-53.  Land  having 
been  given  for  a  Presbyterian  church  in  1750,  (a  stone  church  being 
soon  erected,)  it  became,  apparently,  Presbyterian.  But  it  was  sup- 
plied occasionally  by  Mancius,  1737-41,  by  Fryenmoet,  occasionally, 
1753-6,  and  Romeyn,  T.  1760-72,  and  also  by  Presbyterian  ministers. 
It  was  not  formally  organized  into  a  Presbyterian  church  till  1816. 
See  "Mills'  Hist.  Disc,  of  Ch.  of  Walpack"  and  "Davis'  Hist.  Disc,  of 

Ch.  of  Smithfield." 

Smithfield,  Sussex  Co.  NJ.  1760-70?  Referred  to  in  "Mints.  Classis  of 
New  Brunswick  in  181 1."  Vol.  ii.  p.  14.  See  Hardwick  and  Knowl- 
ton,  NJ. 

Snell's  Bush,  1770,  now  Manheim.  N.Y. 

Somerset,  Miami  Co.  Kansas,  1871.     Mayou,  1872-6. 

Somerville,  Somerset  Co.  N.Y.,  see  Raritan,  N.J. 

Sophiasburgh.  1810,  see  Canada. 

Sourland,  1727,  same  as  Harlingen,  NJ. 

South  Bend,  St.  Joseph  Co.  Ind.  1849.  McNeish,  49-52,  Beidler,  53-4, 
Evans,  C.  A.  56-7,  Van  Doren,  W.  T.  57-9,  Peeke,  G.  H.  60-1.  Skill- 
man,  68-72,  (reorganized,  1870.)  Williamson,  72-96,  Winter,  J.  P.  97-9, 
Dyk,  Jacob,  99-1901. 

South  Bergen,  1874.  see  Jersey  City,  NJ. 

South  Blendon,  Farowe,  Ottawa  Co.  Mich.  1883.  De  Jong,  G.  97-90, 
Pool.  Wm.  00-3,  Poot,  95-6,  Scholten,   [896 

South  Branch,  ( B ranch vi lie),  Somerset  Co.  NJ.  1850.  Dater,  Henry, 
1850-3.    Pitcher,  Wm.    1854-79.   Davis,   Wm.   E.   1879-83,   Loucks,  Joel, 

1884  92,    Sperling,    Is.    1893 .     See   "Sperling's   Hist.    Discourse   at 

Semi  Centennial,"  1900. 

South  Bushwick,   [891,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Brooklyn. 

South  Carolina.     Johnson,  W.  L.   (Miss,  in,)    1860-74.     See  Orangeburgh, 

s.  c. 

South  Gilboa.  Schoharie  Co.  N.Y.  (see  Blenheim,)  1859.  Buckelew,  59- 
64.  Now  generally  supplied  by  Presbyterian  ministers  of  Stamford, 
4  miles  away.     Richards,  L.  E.  82-5,  Scarlett.  J.  H.  93-9. 

South  II  \\\  \.  Van  Buren  Co.  Mich.  1872.  Boer.  Miss,  at,  74-6,  Dangre- 
mond.   78  84,  classical  missionary,   1884 

South  Holland,  Mich.  1849.  (Part  of  Church  of  Graapschaap).  Van  der 
Schuur,  49-51.     United  with  Assoc.  Refd    Ch.  1852. 


THE   CHURCHES.  IO33 

South  Holland,  (Low  Prairie,)  Cook  Co.  111.  1855.  Ypma,  55-61,  Bolks. 
62-5,  Koopman,  65-8,   Zwemer,  68-70,   Buursma,   72-8,   Kremer,   79-83. 

Moerdyke,  Win.  84-6,  Van  Houte,  J.  87-91,  Broek,  J.  1893 

South  Little  Rock,  Osceola  Co.  la.  1894.     Missy,  A.  96. 
South  Macon,  Lenawee  Co.  Mich.   1863.     (Formerly  Ridgeway.)     Skill- 
man,   63-8,    Moerdyk.    R.    P.   69-71,    De    Spelder.    73-84,   Dutton,    84-7, 
Gulick,  J.  I.  91-5,  Jongewaard,    1897 

South   Pass,   Nebraska.    1877. 

Southwest  Troy,  see  West  Troy,  South,  N.Y. 

Sparta,  (station.)     Stevenson,  Miss,  to,  1827-8. 

Spotswood,  Middlesex  Co.  N.J.  1821.  Van  Hook,  Miss,  to,  19-20,  McClure, 
J.  22-5,  Rice,  H.  L.  25-34,  Van  Liew,  J.  C.  34-41,  Betts,  42-5,  Knight, 
W.  46-7,  Manning,  47-54,  Vandewater,  55-67,  Willis,  68-80,  Harmeling, 
S.  J.  81-3,  Spaulding,  C.  83-90,  Morton,  90-1,  Harris,  J.  F.  91-3,  Van 
Doren,  W.  H.  94-5,  Bayles,  J.  O.  95-1901,  Strohauer,  1902 

Spraker's  Basin,  (Westerlo,)  Montgomery  Co.  N.Y.  1790.  Toll,  1803-22, 
Van  Olinda,   1830-1. 

Spraker's,  N.Y.  1859.  W'ales,  59-60,  Bogardus,  N.  61-6,  Van  Zandt,  B. 
(S.S.)  67,  Van  Doren,  D.  K.  69-73,  Ackerman,  74-8,  Compton,  (S.S.) 
78-82,  Minor,  J.  84-5,  Thomson,  J.  A.  87 

Springfield,  1884,  see  Immanuel,  S.D. 

Spring  Garden,  1813,  see  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Spring  Lake  (Manito),  Tazewell  Co.  111.  1854.  Bumstead,  56-62,  Gulick, 
A.  V.  66-72.  Gilmore,  73-81,  Force,  F.  A.  82-6,  Ziegler,  87-8,  Wyckoff, 
C.  S.  91-4,  Winter,  J.  P.  94-7,  Drake,  E.  A.  1897 

Spring  Lake,  Ottawa  Co.  Mich.  1870.  De  Pree,  Jas.  70-80,  Zwemer,  J.  F. 
80-3,  Joldersma,  84-6,  Kolyn,  86-8,  Hekhuis,  G.  T.  88-90,  Zwemer,  A. 
91-8,  Hoffman,  B.  98-1900 ■ 

Spring  Valley,  Rockland  Co.'  N.Y.  1865.  Brock,  65-9,  Smith,  M.  B.  69- 
71,  De  Witt,  R.  71-6,  Van  Pelt,  D.  77-8,  Lansing,  J.  A.  (S.S.)  79, 
Crispell,  C.  1879 

Spring  Valley,  Maywood,  Bergen  Co.  N J.  1882.  Graham,  J.  E.  82-4,  sup- 
plied, 84-7,  Harris,  J.  F.  (S.S.)  87-90,  supplied,  1890 

Squampamuck,  1775.     Afterward  revived  in  the  Ch.  of  Ghent. 

Staatsburgh,  probably  an  error  for  Stoutsburgh,  or  vice  versa.  See  Hyde 
Park. 

Stanton,  (Mt.  Pleasant,)  Hunterdon  Co.  N.J.  1833.  Van  Arsdale,  J.  R. 
35-50,  Doolittle,  H.  52-72,  Cornet,  72-6,  Martine,  76-82,  Pitcher,  C.  W. 
82-7,  Westveer,  87-90,  Bolton,  90-5,  Bird,   1896 

Stapleton,  1851,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Richmond. 

Staten  Island,  1680,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Richmond. 

Steinway,  1891,  see  N.Y.C..  borough  of  Queens. 

Stewartville,  West  Hurley,  Ulster  Co.  N.Y.  1877.  Blauvelt,  C.  (S.S.) 
77-9,  Staats,  B.  79-82,  Stanborough,  82-5,  Bahler,  L.  H.  85-7,  Zabriskie, 
A.  A.  1900 

Stillwater,  Sussex  Co.  N.J.  17...  Supplied  by  Wack,  C.  1782-1809,  and 
partly  by  Wack,  J.  J.  1798-1805,  reorganized.  1814,  Van  Hook,  Miss,  to, 
1822.   (Presbyterian.) 


1034  T11E   CHURCHES. 

Stillwater,  Saratoga  Co.  N.Y.  (Sinthoick,)  1789.  Paige,  W.  1793-1807, 
Froeligh,  P.  D.  1802-7. 

Stirling,  1824.     De  Fraest,  1825-8. 

Stissick,  (Ger.)   1750.     See  New  and  Old  Stissing,  N.Y. 

Stissing.     See  Gallatin,  N.Y. 

Stockport,  1843,  see  Ghent  2d,  N.Y. 

Stone  Arabia,  Montgomery  Co.  N.Y.  171 1.  Supplied  occasionally  by 
Oehl,  Schuyler,  and  others,  1743-52;  Werring  (or  Wernich),  1752,  Ro- 
sencrantz,  1756-8,  1760-70,  Peck,  D.  C.  A.  1788-1800,  Labagh,  I.  1801-3, 
Wack,  J.  J.  1803-14,  Morris,  J.,  Miss,  to,  27-9,  Ketchum,  29?-36,  West- 
fall,  38-43,  Jukes,  44-50.  Van  Liew,  J.  C.  50-6,  Van  Dyck,  L.  H.  61-7, 
Compton,  69-71,  Van  Benschoten,  72-80,  Stanbrough,  81-5,  Thomson, 
J.  A.  87-91,  Palmer,  C.  L.  97-9.— Sketch  in  "Ch.  Int."  July  31,  1845; 
"Fort  Plain  Register."  March  25,  1887. 

Stone  Arabia,  (Ger.)  1801  ?     Wall,  (or  Wack.  J.  J.)  1803? 

Stone  Arabia,  Independent,  1816.     Wack,  J.  J.  1816-27. 

Stone  Arabia,  (Lansingburgh,)  1788? 

Stone  House  Plains,  Brookdale,  Essex  Co.  NJ.  1801.  Stryker,  P.  (S.S.) 
1801-9,  Duryee,  J.  (S.S.)  1805,  Stryker,  P.  10-14,  Duryee,  J.  (S.S.) 
14-18;  also  Van  Santvoord,  S.  (S.S.)  16-18,  Stryker,  P.  (S.S.)  18-26, 
Tarbell,  27-8,  Hillman,  30-41,  Hammond,  E.  S.  42-4,  Thomson,  W. 
45-6,  Quinn,  47-8,  Liddell,  49-50,  Wiseman,  (S.S.)  51-2,  Talmage,  P.  S. 
53-65,  Statesir,  65-72,  Kershow,  73-80,  Van  Fleet,  80-3,  See,  W.  G.  E. 
83-92,  Bogardus,  W.  E.  1892 .  See  "Bogardus's  Centennial  Dis- 
course," 1901. 

Stone  Ridge,  see  Marbletown,  N.Y. 

Stoutenbergh,  or  Stoutsburgh,  now  Hyde  Park.     See  also  Staatsburgh. 

Stuvvesant,  Columbia  Co.  N.Y.  1827.  Garretson,  J.,  Miss,  to,  26-7,  Heer- 
mance,  Henry,  Miss,  to,  27-8,  Cahoone,  Miss,  to,  28-9,  Cornell,  F.  F., 
Miss,  to,  30-1,  Garretson,  G.  I.  32-4,  Kittle,  35-46,  Nevius,  Elbert,  46- 
86,    Collier,    G.    Z.    86-9,    Furbeck,    G.    W.    90-8,    Rockefeller,    D.    G. 

1898 

"Mag.  R.D.C."  ii.  57- 

Stuyvesant's  Bowerie,  1660,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Manhattan. 

Stuvvesant  Falls,  Columbia  Co.  N.Y.  1859.  Bates,  60-1,  Swick,  61-3, 
Kip,  I.  L.  64-7.  supplied  by  Bogardus,  W.  E.  67-8,  Wells,  R.  68-71, 
Fowler,  74-80,  Schermerhorn,  H.  R.  81-2,  Nevius,  E.  (S.S.)  86-9, 
Hieber,  92-3,  Hopper,  A.  W.  94-9,  Faber,  J.  P.  1899 , 

Success,  L.I.  1730.  Disbanded,  1829,  the  church  of  North  Hempstead  tak- 
ing its  place.     See  pastors  under  North  Hempstead. 

Sully,  1888,  see  Bethany,  la. 

Summit,  1824,  see  Eminence,  N.  Y. 

Summit,  Cook  Co.  111.  1899.     DeHaan,  1899 

Sunnyside,  1896,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Queens. 

Sun  Prairie,  Dane  Co.  Wis.  1843.     Slingerland,  1844-6. 

Susf|uehannah,  Pa.  1768.  Supplied  by  the  ministers  of  Conewago  and 
Hanover,   Pa. ;    which   see ;    also,   probably,   by   some  of   the    German 


THE   CHURCHES.  I035 

Reformed  ministers  of  the   vicinity;   Grey,   Andrew,   1793-6,   Manley, 
Wm.  1798-1800. 

Swartstown,  1839. 

Syracuse,  Onondaga  Co.  N.Y.  1848.  Cornell,  J.  A.  H.  48-51,  Berry,  J.  R. 
51-7,  Talmage,  T.  D.  W.  59-62,  Elmendorf,  J.  62-5,  Searle,  Jer.  66-8, 
Berger,  69-75,  Van  Slyke,  E.  76-85,  Coddington,  W.  P.  (S.S.)  87-8, 
Mulford,  89-97,  Cole,  P.  H.  1897 

Syracuse  2d,  1895.     Maar,  Chs.  95-9,  Mallery,  5899 

Syria.     Van  Dyck,  C.  V.  A.  1840-95,  Berry,  P.  1861-5. 
See  "Anderson's  Hist.  Missions  of  A.B.C.F.M.  to  Oriental   Churches" 

and  Van  Dyck,  C.  V.  A.  in  this  work. 

Taghkanick,  (Livingston  Manor,  West  Copake,)  Columbia  Co.  N.Y. 
1758.  Supplied  occasionally  by  Gebhard,  1777-97,  by  Livingston,  J.  H. 
1779-81,  by  Lansing,  N.  1781-4;  Vedder,  Herman,  1803-50,  Murden, 
47-50,  Lyall,  Wm.  51-65,  Mills,  G.  A.  66-70,  Church,  70-7,  Garretson, 
J.  C.  77-91,  Furbeck,  P.  92-7,  Compton,  W.  E.  97-1902. 

Talmage  Memorial,  1891,  see  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Tappan,  Rockland  Co.  N.Y.  1694.  Supplied  by  Bertholf,  G.  1694-1724, 
also  occasionally  by  Du  Bois,  G.,  and  Ritzema;  Muzelius,  1726-49,  Ver- 
bryck,  1750-84,  Lansing,  N.  1784-1835,  Cole,  I.  (S.S.)  29-31,  pastor. 
31-2,   and  33-64,  Blauvelt,  G.   M.   S.  64-82,  Williamson,  W.   H.  83-9, 

Oliver,  90-1902,  Compton,  W.  E.   1002 .     See  "Ch.  Int."  Mar.   17, 

1881.— Rev.  Dr.  David  Cole's  "Hist,  of  Church  of  Tappan,"  1894. 

Tappan,  Secession,  1825.     Lansing,  J.  V.  S.  1826. 

Tarrytown,  (Philipsburgh,)  Westchester  Co.  N.Y.  1697.  Supplied  by 
Bertholf,  G.  1697-1724,  occasionally  by  G.  Du  Bois,  1699-1750,  Boel, 
1713-54,  by  Ritzema,  1744-76;  Van  Voorhees,  1785-8,  Jackson,  J.  F. 
1791-1806,  Smith,  T.  G.  1808-37,  Du  Bois,  Geo.  38-44,  Wilson,  Jos.  45-9, 
Ferris,  J.  M.  49-51,  (Schenck,  J.  W.  49-5*,)  Stewart,  52-66,  Thomp- 
son, J.  B.  66-9,  Allen,  J.  K.  1870 .     "Amst.  Cor."     "Doc.  Hist."  iii. 

76.     "Stewart's  Hist,  of";  and  "Two  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  the 
Old   Dutch   Church   of   Sleepy    Hollow,"    1897.     See   also   Dr.    Cole's 
Translation  of  the  Records  of  this  Church,  with  Registers  of  Mem- 
bers, Officers,  Baptisms  and  Marriages,  1901. 
Tarrytown  2D,  1851.     Ferris,  J.  M.  51-4,  Todd,  J.  A.  55-86,  Knox,  Taber, 

87-9,  Thomas,  E.  E.  89-94,  Mabon,  A.  1894 

Teashok,  now  Buskirk's  Bridge,  N.Y. 

Thousand  Isles,  (in  St.  Lawrence  River,)  Jefferson  Co.  N.Y.  1851. 
Davenport,  Miss,  to,  47-50,  Du  Bois,  A.  50-4,  Rockwell,  Geo.  54-77, 
De  Vries,  77-82,  Lawrence,  E.  C.  82-8,  Evans,  C.  P.  (S.S.)  89,  Collier, 

G.  Z.  90-6,  Van  Hee,  Is.  97-1901,  Benjamin,  1901 

See  "Rockwell's  Hist.  Discourse,"  1874. 
Three   Bridges,   Hunterdon   Co.   N.J.    1874.     Oakey,    P.   D.    (S.S.)    73-6, 
Lane,    (S.S.)    77-80,    Birdsall,    80-4,    Hill,    Eugene,    85-90,    Voorhees, 

O.  M.  1891 

Three  Mile  Run,  Middlesex  Co.  N.J.  1703.  This  church  was  continued 
at  this  place  for  about  half  a  century.  The  churches  of  Six  Mile  Run, 
1710,  and  New  Brunswick,  T717,  finally  superseding  it.     It  was  sup- 


1036  THE   CHURCHES. 

plied,    occasionally,    by    Frelinghuysen,    T.    J.    1720-48,    by    Arondeus, 

(Conferentie),  1747-54,  and  by  John  Frelinghuysen,  1750-4.     The  Ten- 

nents   and   other    Presbyterian    ministers    occasionally    officiated   here. 

See    "Corwin's    Millstone    Centennial,"    1866,    p.    29;    "Steele's    Hist. 

Disc."    1867;    "Messler's    Hist.    Notes."     Many   references    in   "Amst. 

Cor." 
Three  Oaks,  Mich.  1883.     Dangremond,  Gerrit,  (S.S.)  85-9,  Frieling,  H. 

98-9,  Kriekaard,  C.  1900 

Thule,  1886,  see  Van  Raalte,  S.D. 
Thumansville,  1856,  now  Callicoon,  N.Y. 

Tillaborough,  Fulton  Co.  N.Y.  1865.     Smith,  W.  H.   (S.S.)  65-7. 
Tindevanam,  1876,  see  India. 
Tiossiock,  now  Buskirk's  Bridge,  N.Y. 
Titonka,  1886,  see  Ramsay,  la. 
Tokyo,  1877,  see  Japan. 

Tompkinsville  or  Brighton   Heights,   1823,  see   N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Rich- 
mond. 
Tompkinsville  2d  (Ger.),  i860.     Ditto. 
Toronto,  1806,  see  Canada. 
Totowa,  1st,  1755,  see  Paterson,  N.J. 
Totowa.  2d,  1827,  see  Paterson,  N.J. 
Tottenville,  1855,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Richmond. 
Trenton,  Mercer  Co.  N.J.  1841.     Wack,  C.  P.  1841-4. 
Trinity,  1869,  see  Newark,  N.J. 
Trinity,  1887,  see  Plainfield,  N.J. 
Trinity.  1891,  see  Chicago,  111. 
Trinity,  1892.  see  Amsterdam,  N.Y. 
Tung-an,  1871,  see  China. 
Turner,  1882,  see  Van  den  Berg,  S.  D. 
Tuscarora,  Schuylkill  Co.  Pa.  1797.     Gray,  A.  1797-1819,  Dumont,  Miss.  to. 

1829-30. 
Tuscarora,  Livingston  Co.  N.Y.  1810. 
Twin  Lakes,  Muskegon  Co.  Mich.  1875.     Dangremond,  G.  79-84,  Classical 

Missionaries,  1884 

Two  Rivers.  111.   (station.)     Wilson,  C.  D.,  Miss,  to,  1867-77. 

Tyasboke,  or  Tiossiock,  now  Buskirk's  Bridge. 

Tyre.  Malcolm,  Seneca  Co.  N.Y.  1836.     Gray,  W.  1839-46,  Compton,  47-50, 

Van  Arsdale,  J.  R.  50-64,  Whitbeck,  R.  M.  64-8,  Blauvelt,  C.  supplied, 

70.  Buckelew,  71-6,  Van  Doren,  J.  H.  76-82,  Cole,  S.  T.  82-4,  Ruhle. 

85-7.  Gulick,  J.  88-91,  Roe,  S.  91-2,  Van  Blarcom,  95-6,  Rederus,  S.  96- 

1901. 
Ulster  Co.  N.Y.    Consisting  of  the  churches  of  Rochester,  Marbletown,  and 

Wawarsing,    which   were  chartered   as  one  corporation.    1766.     "Doc. 

Hist.  N.Y."  iii.    (410  ed.)   600.     "Smith's  N.Y."  308.     "Col.   Hist."  ii. 

592.     "Amst.  Cor." 
Hlster  Park,  1791,  see  Esopus,  N.Y. 
1'nadiHa,  Otsego  Co.  N.Y.  1794.     See  page  216  of  this  work.     Also  church 

of  "Union,"  1794. 


THE   CHURCHES.  1037 

Union,    (at  Tioga,  Broome  Co.  N.Y.     "M.G.S."  i.  448,  Chenango,)    1794. 
Palmer,  S.  1808-18,  Van  Vechten,   S.,  Miss,  to,  23-4,  Vanderveer,  J., 
Miss,  to,  23,  Van  Olinda,  Miss,  to,  24,  Du  Mont,  Miss,  to,  26.     (Ward, 
John  Wm.  24-31,  Presbyt.     See  Ward,  J.  W.) 
"Doc.  Hist."  iii.  627-634. 

Union,  Albany  Co.  N.Y.  1825.  (See  Jerusalem).  Boice,  I.  C.  26-9,  Fort, 
30-6,  Westfall,  37-47,  Jones,  D.  A.  48-50,  Murden,  50-4,  Compton,  54- 
60,  Gulick,  A.  V.  60-4,  Ballagh,  W.  H.  65-8,  Demarest,  Wm.  71-4, 
Compton,  75-8,  Millspaugh,  78-85,  Scarlett,  J.  86-93,  Beekman,  T.  A. 
1893 

Union,  Secession,   (at  Amsterdam,)   1822.     Palmer,  1822-9. 

Union  Village,  1803,  see  Nassau,  N.Y. 

Union  Village,  Greenwich,  Washington  Co.  N.Y.  1812.  Christie,  Jas. 
1816-18,  Fonda,  J.  D.  20-35,  Van  Zandt,  B.  36-42,  Morris,  H.  43-8,  Mar- 
vin, 48-55,  Van  Santvoord,  C.  55-8,  Steele,  J.  58-65,  Van  Home.  D. 
67-8,  Hoyt,  68-71,  Smart,  72-80,  Mills,  B.  Fay,  82-3,  Shafer,  Th.  84-5, 
Scoville,  86 

Unionville,  Neperan,  Westchester  Co.  N.Y.  1818.  Smith,  T.  G.  1820-37, 
Motile,  37-9,  Robb,  (S.S.)  39,  Moore,  W.  S.  39-50,  See,  J.  L.  50-4, 
Moore,  W.  S.  56-64,  Bogardus,  W.  E.  65-7,  Bertholf,  J.  H.  67-9,  Van 
Dyke,  L.  H.  70-6,  Harris,  H.  76-83,  Wessels,  84-7,  Mattice,  88-9,  Jonge- 
neel,  Jas.  90-5,  Kuiper,  Alb.  1896 

Unionville,  (Claraville,  Upper  Neversink),  Sullivan  Co.  N.Y.  1849.  Bern- 
art,  51-6,  Jones,  D.  A.  58-63,  Hammond,  J.  W.  63-7,  Turner,  (S.S.)  67- 
72,  vacant,  72-7,  Milliken,  R.  P.  (S.S.)  77-83,  Lane,  G.  85-8,  Coombs, 
90-3,  Ruhl,  95-1898. 

Upper  Neversink,  1849,  see  Unionville.  N.Y. 

Upper  Red  Hook,  (St.  John's,)  Dutchess  Co.  N.Y.  1788.  (See  Rhine- 
beck,  Ger.  1715,  and  Red  Hook  Landing.)  De  Witt,  P.  1788-91, 
Romeyn,  Jer.  1794-1806,  Kittle,  1807-33,  Thompson,  F.  B.  1834-6, 
Hangen,  1837-40,  Ward,  1841-5,  Johnson,  J.  G.  1846-70,  Myers,  H.  V.  S. 
1871-4,  Scudder,  Jos.  1875-6,  Scudder,  E.  C.  77-85,  Lydecker,  G.  S.  86- 
98,  Maar,  1900 

Upper  Schoharry,  1732,  see  Middleburgh,  N.Y. 

Utica,  Oneida  Co.  N.Y.  1830.     Labagh,  J.,  Miss,  to,  1827-31,  Bethune,  31- 
4,  Mandeville,  H.  34-41,  Knox.  J.  P.  41-4,  Wiley,  46-50,  Fisher,  G.  H. 
55-9,  Knox,  Chas.  E.  (S.S.)  60-2,  Vermilye,  A.  G.  63-71,  Hartley.  71- 
89,  Root,  Oren,  89-94,  Crispell,  P.  94-1902. 
"Mag.  R.D.C."  ii.  319-     See  Flats. 

Uyeda,  1876,  see  Japan. 

Vanden  Berg,  Turner  Co.  S.D.  1882.  (Known  also  as  Turner,  Holland, 
and  Hooker.)  Warnshius,  H.  W.  82-91,  Nickerson,  91-6,  Miedema. 
96-9,  classical  missionary,   1897 

Vanderveer,  Morgan  Co.  111.  1841.  Hillman,  1841-2,  Schultz,  J.  N.  1843-7 
Westfall,  S.  V.  E.  1853,  Ayres,  1854-6. 

Van  Raalte,  (La  Grace,  Thule,)  S.D.  1886.  Zwemer,  F.  J.  87-92,  Har- 
meling,   S.  J.  93-4,  classical  missionary,   1894 

Van  Vorst,  1846,  see  Wayne  st.  Jersey  City,  N.J. 


IO38  THE   CHURCHES. 

Varrikal,  1869,  see  India. 

Veddersburgh,  Montgomery  Co.  N.Y.  1799.  Ten  Eyck,  C.  1803-4.  In  1812 
became  Presbyterian. 

Vellambi,  1863,  see  India. 

Vellaripet,  see  India. 

Vellore,  1853.  see  India. 

Vermilye  Chapel,  1890,  see  N.Y.C.,  Manhattan. 

Visscher's  Ferry,  1802,  see  Amity,  N.Y. 

Vogel  Centre,  Missaukee  Co.  Mich.  1890.  Venema,  S.  92-1900,  Classical 
Missionary,  1900 

Vriesland,  Ottawa  Co.  Mich.  185 1.  This  ch.  was  organized  as  a  ch.  inde- 
pendent of  the  State  Ch.,  in  the  Neths.  Nov.  19,  1846.  It  emigrated  as 
a  body,  with  its  pastor,  Rev.  M.  A.  Ypma,  in  1847,  beginning  its  regu- 
lar services  at  Vriesland,  Mich,  in  August  of  that  year.  Joined 
R.C.A.  1851.  Pastors:  Ypma,  1847-52,  Zwemer,  A.  58-68,  Uiterwyck, 
69-72.  De  Pree,  P.  72-82,  Niemeyer,  G.  84-86,  Vander  Ploeg,  87-90, 
De  Jong,  G.  1890 .     See  "Hist,  of  Ottawa  Co.  Mich."  p.  108. 

Wadermura,  1879,  see  Japan. 

Wakonda.  1886,  see  Olive  Leaf,  S.D. 

Walden,  Orange  Co.  N.Y.  1835.  Scribner,  J.  M.  39-42,  Whitehead,  Chas. 
42-9,  Schoonmaker,  M.  V.  49-88,  Demarest,  W.  H.  S.  88-97,  Schomp, 
1897 .     See  55th  Anniversary,  1893. 

Wallkill,  now  Montgomery. 

Wallktll  Valley,  Wallkill,  Ulster  Co.  N.Y.  1869.  Lippincott,  72-7.  De 
Witt,  R.  77-89,  Conklin,  M.  T.  89-1900.  Vandermeulen,  John,  1901 

Walloons,  "Doc.  Hist.  N.Y."  i.  23.     "Brodhead's  N.Y."  see  Index. 

Walpack,  Lower,*  Monroe  Co.  Pa.  1737.  (Consisting  of  two  congrega- 
tions, Bushkill  and  Walpack.)  Supplied  occasionally  by  Mancius, 
I737-4I,  Freyenmoet,  1741-56,  Romeyn,  T.  1760-72,  Van  Bunschooten, 
1785-99.  Force,  1808-27,  Demund,  27-9,  Cushing,  (S.S.)  31-2,  Schanck, 
G.  C.  34-5,  Hyndshaw,  36-9,  Pitts.  41-60,  McWilliam.  (S.S.)  Oct.  60-1, 
June;  pastor,  61-70,  Shaw,  70-7,  Rex,  78-87,  Whittaker,  92-1900. 

Walpack,  Lower,  1827.  This  church  was  organized  on  account  of  trouble 
growing  out  of  a  case  of  discipline ;  but  the  parties  soon  agreeing,  the 
new  organization  was  disbanded. — "Mints.  CI.  New  Brunswick,"  1827. 

Walpack,  Upper,  Pike  Co.  Pa.  1862.     (Consisting  of  two  congregations, 
Dingman's    Ferry    and    Peter's   Valley.)     Jones,    N.    W.    (S.S.)    61-2, 
Garretson,  G.  S.  63-83,  Allen.  J.  M.  87-92,  Myles.  96-1900. 
See  "Dr.  Mills'  Hist.  Discs,  of  Walpack,"  1874,  and  "Port  Jervis,"  1878. 

Wanaque,  Passaic  Co.  N.J.  1899.     Scudder,  E.  C.  1901 

Warren,  1829.  sec  Henderson,  N.Y. 

Warren.  Somerset  Co.  N.Y.  (Ger.)  1855.  (Had  before  been  an  indepen- 
dent Lutheran  Church.)  Friedel.  ??.  Oerter,  56-8,  Neef,  (S.S.)  58-60, 
pastor,  60-4,  Wolff.  65-6,  Schncllendreussler,  69-70.  Now  Congrega- 
tional. 

♦Lower  Walpack,  with  its  two    congregations,    viz.,    Pushkill   and    Walpack. 
and   Upper  Walpack   with   its  two   congregations,   viz.,   Dingman's   Ferry  and 
!'•  !•         Valley,  are  one  civil  corporation. 


THE   CHURCHES. 


1039 


Warren  Co.  N.Y.  (stations.)     Stryer,  H.  B.,  Miss,  to,  1822-3.  _ 

Warwick,  Orange  Co.  N.Y.  1750.  [Organized  as  a  Presbyterian  Ch 
Elmer,  Jonathan,  1750-4,  Parkhurst,  Samuel,  1762-8,  Lewis  Amzi,  1772- 
7  Joline,  John,  1795-1802.]  Organized  as  a  Refd.  Dutch  Church,  1804. 
Hardenbergh.  C.  1804-8,  Christie,  J.  I.  12-35,  Van  Keuren,  36-7,  Stew- 
art, J.  W.  38-42,  Vanderveer,  F.  H.  42-76,  Carroll,  V.  B.  76-86,  Cns- 
pell,  P.  87-93,  Knox,  Taber,  1894 

Washington,  1814,  West  Troy,  N.Y. 

Washington.  111.  1847.     Schultz,  J.  N.  1849-51- 

Washington.  Ackley.  Hardin  Co.  la.  1880.  Schuelke,  80-91,  Krueger, 
H    T.  92-8,  De  Beer,  J.  1899-— - 

Washington  Heights,  1843,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Manhattan. 

Waterford,  (Halfmoon,)  Saratoga  Co.  N.Y.  i77i.  Lupton,  1788-9,  Close, 
179  -1804,  Dwight,  22-6,  Labagh,  I.  P.  27-30,  Schoonmaker,  R.  L.  32- 
6,  Slingerland,  36-7,  Lockhead,  38-9,  Whitbeck.  4i-3,  Dickson,  49-52, 
Schoonmaker,  R.  L.  52-6,  Van  Brunt,  57-61. 

Waterloo,  1851.     Rockwell,  G.  51-4,  Abell,  56-7-  - 

Waupun,  Fon  du  Lac  Co.  Wis.  1887.     Ihrman,  87-91,  Meulendyke,  Josiah, 


ISQ2- 


Wawarsing    (Wawassink.)  Naponoch,  Ulster  Co.  N.Y.  1745-     Supplied  by 
Frvenmoet,  i745-5i,  Frelinghuysen,  J.  called,  1753,  but  died ,  Frding- 
hu'ysen,  H.   1756-7,  Romeyn,  D.    1766-75,   Hardenbergh    J.   R.    1782-6,  ' 
Van   Home,    Ab.    i789-95,    Mandeville.    G.    i797-i8oi,   Westervelt,   R. 
1802-8,   Murphy,    14-25,   Hutton,  M.    S.,  Miss,  to,  27-8    Hoffman,  A., 
Miss,  to,  28-9,  Switz,  29-35.  Duryea,  J.  H.  37-9.  Ward,  J.  W    39-41, 
Demarest,  Jas.   (Sr.)  42-8,  Quackenbush,  49-51,  Lente,  52-4,  William- 
son   N    D    55-61,  Van  Vleck,  John,  62-4.  Swick,  64-9,  Talmage,  J.  K. 
69-74.  Bell,  74-81,  Lydecker,   G.  D.  82-91,  Van  Oostenbrugge,   C.  91- 
1900. 
Weehawken,  1843,  see  New  Durham,  N.J. 
Weehawken,  1853,  see  North  Bergen,  N.J. 
Weehawken,  see  West  Hoboken  Chapel,  N.J. 

Wellsburg,  Grundy  Co.  la.  1897-     Theilken,  1899 

West  Branch,  1877,  see  Sioux  Centre,  and  Orange  City,  la. 
West  Camp,  N.Y.  l7io.  (See  Camp  and  East  Camp).  The  Palatines  on 
the  west  of  the  Hudson,  most  of  whom  had  moved  during  the  years 
1712-30  back  from  the  banks  of  the  river  at  West  Camp,  a  mile  or 
two  to  the  Kingston  Commons,  seem  to  have  been  worshipping  on  the 
Kats  Baan  in  1730.  and  in  1732  built  the  stone  church  there.  ^On  the 
arrival  of  Mancius  he  begins  his  records  by  speaking  of  the  congre- 
gation worshipping  on  the  Kaats  Baan"  and  calls  himself  their  at 
that  time  pastor."  This  congregation  seems  to  have  comprised  the 
whole  Palatine  colonv,  both  Reformed  and  Lutheran,  for  with  the 
beginning  of  the  Katsbaan  records  those  of  West  Camp  cease  until 
1765  three  years  after  the  death  of  Mancius,  when  they  begin  as  those 
of  a  Lutheran  church.  Supplied  by  Kocherthal.  1710-19,  Haegar,  J.  F. 
1710-21,  Falckner,  Justus,  1720-3,  Falckner,  Daniel,  1724--.  See 
Kaatsban.     In  1718  Kocherthal  and  Haegar  reported  conjointly  the 


1040  THE   CHURCHES. 

number  of  families  in  their  charge.     The  people  of  West  Camp  did 
not  wait  for  a  church-building  to  be  erected  by  the  Government,   (see 
East  Camp,)  but  built  one  immediately  for  the  conjoint  use  of  Luther- 
ans  and    Reformed.     See   Mancius— "Doc.    Hist.    N.Y."   Hi.   382-392. 
Also  "Gordon's  Life  of  Ostrander,"  38. 
West  Copake.  1758,  see  Taghkanic,  N.Y. 
West  End,  1868,  see  Jersey  City,  N.J. 
Westerlo,  1790,  see  Sprakers  Basin,  N.Y. 

Westerlo,  (Baisic,  Chester,)  Albany  Co.  N.Y.  1793.  Center,  Miss,  to, 
1823,  Vanderveer,  J.,  Miss,  to,  23,  Van  Vechten,  S.,  Miss,  to,  23-4, 
Van  Keuren,  Miss,  to,  24,  Fort,  22-31,  Wilson  Jos.  32-4,  Slingerland, 
34-6,  Gosman,  S.  S.  36-8,  Chittenden,  39-40,  Cornell,  J.  A.  H.  41-3, 
Robertson,  S.  43-8,  Bogardus,  N.  49-50,  Demarest,  W.  50-4,  Dyer, 
56-61,  Furbeck,  62-7,  Westveer,  68-9,  Bogardus,  F.  M.  69-72, 
Pitcher,  J.  H.  73-6,  Buckelew,  76-9,  Cole,  S.  T.  79-82,  Falckner,  W.  E. 

86,  Kinney,  C.  W.  89-91,  vacant,  1891 

Western    allotment   of   Kingsborough,    1816,    see   Johnstown,    Montgomery 

Co.    N.Y. 
West  Farms.  1839,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  The  Bronx. 
Westfield  or  Huguenots,  1850,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Richmond. 
Westfield,  1886,  see  Hope,  N.D. 
West  Hoboken  Chapel,  Weehawken,  Hudson  Co.  N.J.  1895.     Ackert,  95- 

1900,  Dawson,  1901 

West  Hurley.  Ulster  Co.  N.Y.  1848.  Supplied  by  Gulick.  A.  47-54,  pas- 
tor, 54-9,  Case,  60-5,  Van  Doren,  D.  K.  67-9,  Blauvelt,  C.  J.  69-79, 
Staats,  B.  B.  79-82,  Van  Doren,  W.  H.  83-4,  Stanbrough,  85-93,  Bahler, 

L.  H.  96-7,  Park,  C.  (S.S.)   1901 

West  Indies,  Abeel,  D.,  Miss,  to,  1828-9,  again  1836-7. 

St.  Croix.  1744,  Van  Vlierden,  P.   17.. -92.     The  Danish  Government 
took  possession  of  the  property  after  the  church  was  disbanded, 
and  sent  its  silver  communion  set  to  the  church  of  St.  Thomas, 
where  it  yet   remains. 
St.  John,  17..  Knevels....     Was  extinct  in  1828.     Dr.  Anson  Du  Bois 
removed  a  stone  tablet  from  the  church  of  St.  John  to  the  island 
of  St.  Thomas. 
St.   Thomas,  about    1660.     [Oliandus,    1685-8;    (pastors'  names  gener- 
ally unknown,  but  recorded  in  Copenhagen,  and  also  in  Amster- 
dam.   [688-1733;   Christian    Strumphias  was  laboring  there,   1712, 
and  Isaac  Grovcwold,  1718;)   Arnoldus  Van  Drumen,   1733-6,  Jo- 
hannes  Bonn.   1737-44,  John   Paldamus,   1744-52,  John  A.  Monte- 
neag.  1752-63,  G.  J.  Scheers,  1763-84,  Francis  M.  Verboom,  1784- 
1812;]    Labagh,    A.   I.    1828-41,  Brett.   P.   M.    1842-5.   Knox.  J.   P. 
1S45-54.  Wyckoff,   T.    F.   and   Whittlesey,  E.  54-5.   Allen,  W.  O. 
55-74.   Anderson,  Win.  and  McQueen,   P.  74-8.  Allen,  W.  O.  78- 
82,  Du  Bois.  Anson,  82-6,  Hageman,  A.  J.  87-90,  Lowe.  J.  C.  90, 
Oggel.    E.    C.    90.;.     Hume,    07-9,    Arcularius,     99-1901,     Perlee. 
1902 


THE   CHURCHES.  1041 

These  islands  were  possessed  at  different  times  by  different  nationalities 
—Dutch,  English,  Spanish,  French— and  passed  through  many  vicissitudes. 
The  Danish  West  India  Company  finally  came  into  possession.  The  Lu- 
theran Church  was  the  prevailing  church,  while  the  Moravians  labored 
among  the  negroas.  A  Dutch  church  was  organized  on  St.  Thomas  in  the 
times  of  the  Dutch  West  India  Company,  and  perhaps  Dutch  organizations 
existed  at  that  early  period  also  on  the  other  islands.  The  vernacular  lan- 
guage long  continued  to  be  Dutch,  and  is  the  basis  of  the  present  Creole 
language.  The  Dutch  were  expelled  from  St.  Thomas  by  the  English  in 
1667,  but  returned  when  the  Danes  gained  possession,  a  few  years  later. 
The  records  of  the  Dutch  church,  prior  to  1744,  are  destroyed.  The  Lu- 
therans' records  are  continuous  from  1688.  The  Dutch  and  Lutherans 
worshipped  alternately  in  the  Fort,  until  a  R.D.C.  edifice  was  erected, 
which  was  prior  to  1718.  These  two  religious  bodies  alone  enjoyed  the 
special  recognition  and  protection  of  the  Danish  Government.  In  1744,  the 
church  of  St.  Thomas  had  142  communicants.  Up  to  1759  the  church  was 
supported  by  voluntary  contributions.  In  that  year  Mrs.  Catherine  De 
Windt,  widow  of  Jahns  Jahnsen  De  Windt,  bequeathed  to  the  church  the 
estate  Catharinaberg.  It  extended  down  into  the  town,  and  after  1792  be- 
came exceedingly  valuable.  The  pastor,  Verbocm,  purchased  this  estate 
of  the  church  soon  after  his  settlement  there  for  $38,000,  and  realized 
$100,000  by  the  sale  of  the  town  lots.  Of  the  $38,000  belonging  to  the 
church,  the  sum  of  about  $8,000  was  for  the  support  of  the  poor,  the  rest 
for  the  ministry.  Verboom's  speculations  greatly  injured  the  spiritual 
condition  of  the  church.  He  retired,  a  man  of  wealth,  to  Holland  in  1812. 
During  the  68  years,  1744-1812,  the  records  show  that  850  persons  united 
with  this  church. 

After  Verboom  left,  the  church  was  in  so  low  a  condition  that  no  applica- 
tion was  made  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  to  send  them  another  minister. 
Up  to  1812  their  supplies  had  come  from  Holland.  The  members  of  the 
Dutch  church  for  fifteen  years  were  scattered  among  the  Lutherans,  the 
Moravians,  and  the  Episcopalians.  The  latter  began  to  hold  services  in 
1820.  In  1827  the  Dutch  of  St.  Thomas  were  led  to  make  application  to 
the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  in  the  United  States  to  send  them  a  pastor, 
and  for  the  next  thirty  years  they  were  thence  supplied,  as  indicated  above. 
With  the  advent  of  the  American  ministers,  services  began  to  be  held  in 
English.  When  Dr.  John  Knox  visited  these  islands  in  1828,  he  says  that  a 
fund  of  $50,000  yet  remained  for  the  support  of  the  gospel.  Dr.  John  P. 
Knox,  a  subsequent  pastor,  says  the  funds  amounted  to  about  $40,000. 
The  church  of  St.  John  was  found  in  ruins,  and  not  a  single  communicant 
known  to  remain,  although  there  were  funds  also  belonging  to  that  church. 
During  Dr.  Philip  M.  Brett's  ministry,  the  Lutherans  and  Dutch  used  the 
same  edifice,  the  colored  people  bringing  their  own  stools  and  sitting  in  the 
aisles.  The  present  edifice  of  the  Dutch  Church  is  a  plain  Grecian  temple 
of  the  Doric  style.  It  was  erected  during  Dr.  Brett's  ministry.  The 
Liturgy  of  our  American  Church  is  used,  and  they  adhere  in  all  respects 
to  the  Order  of  the  R.D.C,  although  in  connection  with  no  Classis.  Dr. 
Brett  remained  a  member  of  the  Classis  of  Paramus  while  preaching  there. 


1 04-' 


THE   CHURCHES. 


He  was  recalled  in    [855,  but  declined.     They  made  several  efforts  after- 
ward to  procure  pastors  from  America,  but  failed.      (See  Manual  of  1879 
uggestion  that  R.C.A.  again  take  these  churches  under  their  care.) 
In   1883,  through  the  influence  of  Rev.   Dr.  Anson  Du  Bois,  this  church 
connected  itself  with  the  South  Classis  of  Long  Island,  and  is  now   sup- 
l,v  ministers  of  R.C.A.     See  "Ch.  Int."  Ap.  25,  1883. 
See  the  names  of  the  American  pastors  who  have  labored  there;   Dr. 
John  Knox's  letter  in  "Mag.   R.D.C."  iii.  26;  also  ii.   142,  281,  318;   Rev. 
J.  P.  Knox's  "Hist.  Acct.  of  St.  Thomas,  St.  Croix,  and  St.  John,"  1852. 
1  jnui.  pp.  271.     Much  material  relating  to  these  churches  w^as  secured  by 
Dr.  Corwin,  in  Holland,  in  1897-8,  and  it  is  hoped  may  be  published  with 
the  material  relating  to  New  York  and  New  Jersey,  by  the  State  of  New 
York.      This   would   throw   much   additional   light   on   the   history   of   the 
churches  in  the  West  Indies. 

West  Leyden,  Point  Rock,  Lewis  Co.  N.Y.  1856.  Boehrer,  56-62,  Wagner, 
(S.S.)  62-3,  Schlieder,  65-72,  Weber,  74-9,  Warnshius,  H.  80.  Reiner, 

i.  Freeh,  85-7,  Kerl,  88-9,  Schlieder,  F.  E.  1889 

West  Newark,  1866,  see  Newark,  N.  J. 

West  New  Hempstead,  (Kakiat,  Spring  Valley),  Rockland  Co.  N.Y.  1773. 
Marinus,  1773-8,  Leydt,  P.  1789-93.  Brinkerhoff,  G.  G.  1793-1806, 
Demarest,  J.  D.  1808-24.  Wynkoop,  Jef.  25-36,  Allen,  P.  37-62,  Brock, 
J.  R.  62-5,  Van  Neste,  G.  65-9.  Mattice,  H.   (S.S.)  69-71,  Statesir,  72- 

8l,  vacant  81-6,  Laubenheimer,  86-8.  Dusinberre,  89-98,  Brink,  1899 

West  Town,  Orange  Co.  N.Y.  1791.     Van  Bunschooten,  E.  1788-99. 
West  Troy,  North.   (Gibbonsville. )   Albany  Co.  N.Y.   1815.     Bronk,  1813- 
34,  Wood,  35-6.  Mann.  (S.S.)  37,  Gregory,  O.  H.  38-70,  Hutton,  A.  J. 
71  p,   Lansing,  J.  G.  79-84.  Beardslee,  J.  W.  84-7,  Cobb,  H.  E.  88-92, 

Pease.  93-9,  Pershing,  1901 

West  Troy,  South,  Washington,  Albany  Co.  N.Y.  1844.  Wells,  R.  (S.S.) 
44.  Wyckoff,  T.  F.  45-54,  Roof,  55-64,  Wyckoff,  Jac.  S.  65-70,  Strong, 

S.  W.  70-84,  vacant,  84-98,  Wyckoff.  Chs.  S.  98-9,  Meengs.  1901 

Westwood,  Bergen  Co.  N.J.   1886.     Talmage,  D.  M.   1888 

White  Hall,  Green  Co.  111.  1861.     Schenck,  M.  L.  1865-9- 

White  House.  1 792,  see  Rockaway,  N.J. 

White   Plains,  Westchester  Co.  N.Y.  1865.     Hulbert,  1865-73. 

White  Port,  1796.  see  Bloomingdale,  N.Y. 

White  Rock  Centre,  1892,  see  Elim.  111. 

Wichert,  1899,  see  Koster,  111. 

Wilcox.  Elk  Co.  Pa.  [873.     Hoffman,  W.  11.  1875-7.  Wilson.  F.  F.  1878-9. 

Became  Presbyterian. 
Wilhelmina    Bethlehem,  Md.  1900. 

Wilkesbarre,  Luzerne  Co.  Pa.  1792.     Gray.  A.  [793-6.     The  people  of  this 
church  emigrated  almost   in  a  body  to   the   Genesee  country  in    1796. 
(See  Owasi  0.) 
Williamsburgh,  [816,  see  Canada. 

Williamsburgh,   1828,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Brooklyn. 
Willow    Lakes,   Clarke  Co.   S.D.    1888.     Zwemer,    F.  J.  89-92.     Disbanded. 
[89S. 


THE   CHURCHES.  I043 

Wilton,  1823.     Van  Hook,  Miss,  to,  1825,  McKelvey,  John,  Miss,  to,  1827. 
Wiltwick,  Church  of  the  Comforter,  1863,  see  Kingston,  N.Y. 
Windham,  (or  Dyse's  Manor,)  now  Prattsville. 
Woestyne,  17...     Now  Rotterdam. 
Wolcott,  now  Fair  Haven. 
Wolcott,  Secession,  Cayuga  Co.  N.Y.  1827. 
Wood  Haven,  L.I.  1858. 

Wood  Haven,  Grace,  L.  I.  1891.     Krausher,  91-3. 
Woodside,  1871,  see  Newark,   N.  J.. 

Woodstock,  Ulster  Co.  N.Y.  1799.  Overbagh,  1806-17,  Boyse,  26-37,  Bo- 
gardus,  N.  38-42,  Van  Doren.  W.  T.  43-5.  Gulick,  A.  46-54,  James, 
W.  L.  56-62,  Blauvelt,  C.  J.  (S.S.)  64-5,  Wyckoff.  D.  B.  65-70,  Hoes, 
(S.S.)  71-2,  Moore,  W.  S.  73-9,  Force,  F.  A.  80-2,  Wurts,  82-6,  Acker- 
man,  86-90,  Boggis,  gi-5-Ap al:k7C77896=^3^^.  Jj.  P**-£  J  °  J 
Wormser  City,  Montana,   1896     Wormser,  A.  96-7,  classical  missionary, 

97-1900,  De  Jongh.  J.  1900 

Wortendyke,  Bergen  Co.  NJ.  1871.  Smit,  J.  83-6,  Diephuis,  Jac.  87-9, 
Haan,  90-2,  Dekker,  F.  96-7,  Lubeck,  W.  98-1900,  Ruigh,  1900-2. 

Worthing,  Lennox,  S.  D.  1900.     Schoon,  J.  H.  1900 

Wurtsboro,  1805.  see  Mamakating,  N.Y. 

Wyckoff,  Bergen  Co.  NJ.  1822.  Had  been  a  regular  preaching  station  of 
Ponds  since  about  1798.  (De  Witt,  P.  1798-1808,  Demarest,  John,  12- 
20,)  Kuypers,  Z.  H.  25-41,  Thompson,  W.  J.  42-5,  Ryerson,  45-65, 
Van  Benschooten,  65-69,   Searle,  S.  T.  69-88,  Faulkner,  88-91,  West- 

•    veer,  1892 

Wynantskill,  Rensselaer  Co.  N.Y.  1793.  Romeyn,  J.  V.  C.  i794"9,  Za- 
briskie,  John  L.  1801-11,  Labagh,  I.  1811-15,  Westervelt,  R.  16-22, 
Morris,  J.,  Miss,  to,  24-5,  Bogardus,  C.  26-32,  Bronson,  A.  33-6,  Slin- 
gerland,  37-40,  Gates,  40-2,  Lansing,  Jac.  A.  42-8,  Quick,  J.  J.  49"54, 
Stevenson,  54-64,  Tomb,  65-72,  Evans,  C.  P.  81-3,  Van  Allen,  I.  83-90, 

Olney,  91-2,  Wessels,  94-7,  Schaul,  1898 

Wynantskill,  Secession,  Independent,  1824.     Lansing,  J.  V.  S.  1824-6,  Bel- 
linger, 1829. 
Yakima,  Yakima  Co.  Washington,  1901. 
Yankton,  Salem,  Yankton  Co.  S.D.  1893.     Harmeling,  S.  J.  93-4,  classical 

missionary,  94-5,  DeWitz,  C.  J.  1895- 1900. 
Yehamur,  see  India. 
Yokohama,  1872,  see  Japan. 

Yonkers,  Westchester  Co.  N.Y.  1842.  Hulbert,  1842-8,  DeMund,  48-50, 
Seward,  50-2,   Hulbert,   52-65,   Cole,   D.   65-97,   Inglis,  T.   E.  97-1901, 

Cutler,  1902 

See  "Cole's  Hist.  Ser.  at  40th  Anniversary  of  Church,"  1883.— Sermon 
at  25th  Anniv.  of  his  settlement,  1890. 

Yonkers,  Park  Hill.  1892.    Beardslee,  W.  A.  92-5,  Bruce,  W.  P.  1895 

Yonkers,  Mile  Square,  1900.     Tyndall,   (S.S.)   1902 

York,  1810,  see  Canada. 
Yorktown,  Minn.  1867. 


1044  THE   CHURCHES. 

Zabriskie,  1871,  see  Hamilton,  Mich. 

Zeeland,  Ottawa  Co.  Mich.  1850.  (Organization  came  from  Holland, 
1847.  Joined  R.C.A.  1850.)  Vandermeulen,  C.  47-59.  Stobbelaer,  60-5, 
Bolks,  65-72,  Moerdyk,  W.  73-6,  Steffens,  78-82,  Kremer,  82-92,  De 
Jonge,  J.  P.  1893 

Zion,  Chapin,  Franklin  Co.  la.  1890.     Mollenbeck,  91-9,  Bosch,  1901 

Zoar,  Ackley,  Hardin  Co.  la.  1808.     De  Beer,  J.  1900 


CHRONOLOGICAL  LIST  OF  THE  MINISTERS 

IN  THE 

Reformed  (Dutch)  Church  in  America, 


Two  Centuries  and  Three  Quarters, 
1628-1903. 


1.  Under  the  West  India  Company  and  the  Church  of  Holland,  1628-1664. 

American  Ministers.  Africa.         Ministers  from  Europe. 

Matriculated.* 

1628.  Michaelius,  Jonas.  Leyden  Univer- 
sity, 1600. 

1633.  Bogardus,  Everardus.  Leyden  Uni- 
versity, 1627. 

1642.  Megapolensis,  John.  Cologne  Uni- 
versity, 1624 

1647.  Backerus,  John. 

1650.  Grasmere,  Wm. 

1652.  Drisius,  Samuel.  Leyden  University 
1620;  again,  for  study  of  medicine, 

1649-  

1652.  Schaats,  Gideon. 

1654.  Polhemus,  John  T. 

1657.  Carpentier,  Caspar. 

1657.  Welius,  Everardus.  Utrecht  Univer- 
sity, 1650. 

1659.  Zyperus,  Michiel. 

1660.  Blom,  Herman.  Utrecht  University, 

1647  !  Leyden  University,  1652. 
!664    Megapolensis,  Samuel,  Harvard        1660.  Selyns,  Henry    Utrecht  University, 
University,  1653-6;   Utrecht  Uni-  1654 ;  Leyden  University,  1657. 

versity,  1656;  Leyden  University,        1661.  Luyck,  Aegidius. 
1661;    again  Utrecht    University        1664.  Hadson,  Warnerus. 
for  study  of  medicine,  1663.  Went 
to  Holland  for  further  study  and 
ordination. 

1664.    The  English  Conquest  of  New  Netherland. 

2.  Under  the  Duke  of  York  and  the  Church  of  Holland,  1664-1685. 


American  Ministers. 


1679.  Tesschenmacher,  Peter.  Leyden 
University,  1669 ;  Utrecht  Univer- 
sity, 1671;  Groningen  University, 
1671.  First  minister  ordained  in 
America. 


Ministers  from  Europe. 

1671.  "Van   Nieuwenhuysen,  Wm.   Leyden 

University,  1661. 
1675.  Van    Rensselaer,  Nicholas.   Leyden 

University,  1670. 

1677.  Van  Zuuren  Caspar.  Leyden  Univer- 

sity, 1668. 

1678.  Van  Gaasbeeck,  Laurentius.  Leyden 

University,  1667. 

1681.  Weekstein,  John.  Leyden  University, 

1658;  again,  1674,  for  study  of  theol- 
ogy- 

1682.  Selyns,  Henry.    Comes  to  America 
a  second  time.    See  1660  above. 

1683.  Daille,  Peter.    Some  French  univer- 

sity.   French  Ref'd. 


*  Where  no  University  is  indicated,  this  does  not  necessarily  imply  that  a  Uni- 
versity course  was  not  pursued.  The  author  only  had  facilities  for  examining  the 
Catalogues  of  Leyden,  Utrecht  and  Groningen. 


1046 


APPENDIX. 


Under  the  Crown  of  England  and  the  Church  of  Holland,  1685-1771. 


American  Ministers. 


1694.  Bertholf,  Guilliam.     Went  to  Hol- 
land for  ordination. 


America  Ministers  from  Europe. 

1686.  Varick,  Rudolphus.  Utrecht  Univer- 
sity. 1666. 

1686.  Van   den   Bosch,   L.     French   Ref'd, 
Leyden  University,  1679. 

1687.  Carre,  E.   French  Ref'd. 

1687.  Peiret,  Pierre.   French  Ref'd. 

1688.  Bonrepos,  Daniel.    French  Ref'd. 
1695.  Lupardus,  Wm.  Leyden  Univ.,  1684. 

1695.  Nucella,  John  P. 

1696.  Montaigne,  John.     French  Ref'd. 
1696.  Bondet,  Daniel.    French  Ref'd. 


1696.  Charter  of  R.  P.  D.  Church  of  New  York.    The  First  Church  Charter 
in  the  Middle  States. 

DuBois,  Gualterus. 
Laborei,  Jas.   French  Ref'd. 
Freeman,  Bernardus. 
Lydius,  John. 
Antonides,  Vincentius. 
Beys,    Henry.    Leyden    University, 


1709.  Morgan,  Joseph,  a  Presbyterian, 
but  serving  also  a  Dutch  church. 

1709.  Van  Vleck,  Paul,  irregularly  or- 
dained ;  probablv  by  Freeman. 


Van  Driessen,  Tohn,  Groningen, 
University,  1717;  ordained  by 
Congregationalists  at  Yale  Col- 
lege. 

Boehme,  John  Philip,  German 
Refd.  Ordained  by  the  ministers 
of  New  York  City,  by  permission 
of  Classis  of  Amsterdam. 


1736.  Schuyler,  John.  Ordained  by 
Revs.  Haeghoort  and  Erickzon, 
1738,  by  permission  of  Classis  of 
Amsterdam. 


1699. 
1699. 
1700. 
1700. 
1705. 
1705. 

1708. 
1710. 

1710. 
1710. 
1710. 
1712. 

1713. 

1715. 

1718. 
1718. 

1720. 

1723- 
1724. 

1725. 

1726. 
1726. 
1726, 

1730 

1730 

i73« 


1694 ;  again,  1701. 

Kocherthal,  Joshua.  Ger.  Refd. 

Haeger,  John    F.     Ger.    Refd.,    but 

Episcopally  ordained. 

Oehl  (Ehle),  John  J.    Ger.  Refd. 

Vas,  Peter. 

Rou,  Louis.    French  Refd. 

Van  Driessen,  Peter  H.    Groningen 

University,  1712. 

Boel,    Henry.    Leyden     University, 

1712. 

Brouwer,  Thomas. 

Moulinars,  I.  B.     French  Refd. 

Van   Sautvoord,  Cornelius.    Leyden 

University,  1707. 

Frelinghuysen,  Theodore  J. 

Stouppe,  Pierre.    French  Refd. 

DuBois,  Gideon. 

Enckson,  Reinhart.  Groningen  Uni- 
versity, 1714. 

Coens,  Henry. 

Muzelius,  Frederick. 
Weiss,   George   M.     German    Refd., 
Heidelberg  University,  1718. 
.  Curtenius,  Antony.  Groningen  Uni- 
versity, 1724. 
.  Mancius,  George  W.   Herborn  Theo- 
log.  Sem.,  1728-30. 
Haeghoort,  Gerardus. 

1731.  Van  Schie,  Cornelius.  Leyden  Univ., 
as  a  student  of  Philosophy,  1721 ;  of 
Theology,  1730. 

1736.  Rieger,  J.  B.    Heidelberg  and  Basle 

Universities. 

1737.  Dorsius,  Peter  H.  German  Refd., 
Groningen  Univ.,  1734;  Leyden  Univ., 
173°. 


7.  A  Ccetus  Proposed.    1738,  Plan  of  Ccetus  Adopted  and  Sent  to  Holland 
for  Approbation. 


1741.  Fryenmoet,  John  C,  ordained  by 
Mancius,  1741 ;  but  re-ordained  by 
Mancius,  1744,  by  order  of  Classis 
of  Amsterdam,  in  presence  of 
Revs  Vas  and  Wejss. 

1741.  Goetschius,  John  H.,  ordained  by 
Dorsius,  Frelinghuysen  and  Ten- 
nent,  1741;  but  reordained  by 
Cutus,  1748,  by  order  of  Classis 
af  Amsterdam. 

1745.  Freylinghuysen,  Theodore.  Went 
to  Holland  for  ordination. 


1739.  Van  Basten,  John  V. 
1742.  Arondeus,  John. 
1742.  DuBois,  Abram. 

1744.  Ritzema,  John. 

1745.  Meincma,  Benjamin. 

1746.  Schlatter,  Michael.     German  Refd. 
1746.  Van  Sinderin,  Ulpianus. 

1746.  Schnorr,  C.  L. 


APPENDIX. 


IO47 


1748.  Plan  of  Coitus  Approved  by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.    The  Ccetus 

Constituted. 


Ministers  Ordained  by  the  Ca'tus.         Ameri. 

1748.  Leydt,  John.  1749- 

1748.  Vanderlinde,  Benjamin.  1749. 

1749.  Verbrycke,  Samuel. 

1750.  Freylinghuysen,   John.  Went  to        1750. 

Holland  for  ordination. 

1753.  Frelinghuysen,  Ferdinand.  Went        1750. 
to  Holland  for  ordination.    Died 
at  sea.  1750 

1753.  Freylinghuysen,  Jacobus.  Went  1750 
to  Holland  for  ordination.  Died  1752 
at  sea. 

1753.  Romeyn,  Thomas.     College  of  N.        1752. 
J.,  1750.    Went  to  Holland  for  or- 
dination. 

1753.  Schuneman,  John.  Went  to  Hol- 
land for  ordination. 

1753.  Vrooman,  Barent.  Utrecht  Univ., 
1750-2.  Went  to  Holland  for  ordi- 
nation. 


0     Ministers  from  Europe  or  from 
a.  other  Denominations. 

De  Wint,  Peter.    An  imposter. 

Van  Hoevenbergh,  E.  T.   Groningen 
Univ.,  1732. 

Wurts,  J.  C.  From  Ger.  Refd.  Coetus 
of  Pa. 

DuBois.  Jonathan.  From  the  Presby- 
terian Church. 

De  Ronde,  Lambertus. 

Rosenkrantz,  Abram.    Ger.  Refd. 
Marinus,   David.    From   Ger.   Refd. 
Coetus. 

Wernich,  John  Aemilius.  Ger.  Refd. 


1753.  Charter  of  Kings  (now  Columbia)  College.    1754.  Ccetus  Declares  Itself 
to  Have  All  the  Powers  of  a  Classis.    Ccetus  vs.  Conferentie. 


Ordained  by  the  American  Classis. 
1754.  Freylinghuysen,  Henry. 

1754.  Goetschius,  J.  M. 

1757  Jackson,  Wm.     Went  to  Holland 

for  ordination. 
1758.  Barcolo. 
1758.  Hardenbergh,  Jacob  R. 

1758.  Van  Nist,  Jacob. 


1761.  Van  Harlingen,  John  M.     Went 
to  Holland  for  ordination. 


1763.  Schoonmaker,  Henry 


1764.  DuBois,  Benjamin. 

1765.  Lydekker,  Garrett.   C.  N.  J.  1755. 

Ordained  by  the  Conferentie. 

1765.  Schoonmaker,  Martin. 


1754.  Carre,  Jean,  French  Refd. 
1754.  Mayor,  J.  L.,  French  Refd. 

1755.  Rubel,  John  C  ,  from  Ger.  Reformed 
Coetus. 

1759.  Kails,  Wm.    German  Reformed. 

1760.  Kettletas,  Ab.  Yale  College,  1752. 
From  Presbyt.  Church. 

1760.  Houdin,  Michael,  French  Reformed. 
Episcopally  ordained. 

1760.  Westerlo,  Eilardus.  Groningen  Uni- 

versity, 1754. 

1761.  Rothenbergler,  Frederic.  Educated 
at  Berne. 

1762.  Blauw,  Cornelius.      Groningen  Uni- 

versity, 1749. 

1763.  Laidlie,  Archibald.  Edinburgh  Uni- 
versity, about  1750,  Called  to  preach 
in  English.  From  Presbyt.  church 
in  Flushing,  Holland. 

1763.  Meyer,  Hermanus.  Groningen  Uni- 
versity, 1763. 

1763.  Weyberg,  C.  D.     Ger.  Refd. 

1763.  Weyberg,  Philip.  Ger.  Refd.  One 
of  the  original  Trustees  of  Queens 
College. 

1763.  Kern,  John  M.     Ger.  Refd.  Probably 

Heidelberg  University. 

1764.  Tetard,  Jean  Pierre. 

1764.  Cock,  Gerhard  D. 

1765.  Rysdyck,  Isaac.    Groningen  Univer- 

sity, 1751. 
1765.  Chalker,  Isaac. 


1766.    Charter  of  Queens  (now  Rutgers)  College. 
1766.  Romeyn.  Dirck.    C.  N.  J.    1765. 


1770.  Livingston,  John  H.  Yale  Col- 
lege, 1762;  Utrecht  Univ.  1766. 
Went  to  Holland  for  ordination. 


1766.  Boelen,  Herman  L. 

1769.  Kuypers,    Warmoldus.      Groningen 

University,  1753. 

1770.  De  Martel,  J.  A.     French  Refd. 
1770.  Doll,  George  J.  L. 


1043 


APPENDIX. 


1771.     ARTICLES   OF    UNION    BETWEEN  THE    CCETUS  AND   CONFERENTIE    PARTIES— 

Semi-Independence  ok  the  Church. 


Ordinations  by  the  General  Meeting, 
as  Follows. 

1772.  Van   Voorhis,  Stephen.    C.   N.  J. 

1 76=;. 

1773.  Van   Bunschoten,  Elias.  C.  N.  J. 

1768. 

1773.  Van  Nest,  Rynier. 

1-74.  Froeligh,  Solomon. 

1774.  LRomeyn,  Benj.,  died  before  ordi- 
nation.] 

1775.  (ioetschius,  Stephen. 


Ministers  front  Other 
Denominations. 


1772.  Foering,  Christian  F. 

1773.  Gros,  John  D. 

1774.  Gebhard,    John    G.     Universities  of 

Heidelberg  and  Utretcht. 


1775.  Kennipe. 
1776.   American  Political  Independence. 


1778.  De  Witt,  Peter. 

1778.  Leydt, Matthew.  Queens  College, 

1775- 
1780.  Lansing,  Nicholas. 

1782.  Van  Arsdale,  Simeon. 

1783.  Wack,  Caspar. 

1783.  Blauvelt,  Isaac.  Queens  Coll.  1783. 

1783.  Romeyn,  Theodore  F. 

1784.  Blauvelt,  Timothy.     Queens  Col- 

lege, 1782. 
1784.  Duryee,  John. 


1777  Schenck,  Wm.    C.  N.  J.,  1767. 
1777.  Cough. 


1784.  Broeffle,  J.  L. 
1784.  Cozine,  Cornelius. 


5.  1784.  Appointment  of  Rev.  Dr.  John  H.  Livingston  Professor  of  Didactic 
Theology,  and  of  Rev.  Hermanns  Meyer  Professor  of  Languages. 
Assumption  of  Complete  Ecclesiastical  Independence.  The  Church 
in  Holland  Notified. 

Graduates  of  the  Reformed  Dutch    Theo- 
logical Seminary.    New  York  or  Other  Ministers. 
Flatbush,  L.  I.  1784-1810. 

1785- 

Schneyder,  G.  W. 


Van  Harlingen,  John  M.     Q.  C.  1783. 


Basset,  John.     C.  C.  1786. 

Froeligh,  Moses. 

Kuypers,  Gerardus  Arents. 

Lowe,  Peter. 

Romeyn,  James  V.  C.     S.  A.  1774. 

Studdiford,  Peter.    C.  C.  1786. 

Brinkerhoff,  George  G. 

Labagh,  Isaac. 

Leydt,  Peter.     Q.  C.  1782. 

Lupton,  Brandt  Schuyler.     C.  C.  15 

Romeyn,  Jeremiah. 

Stryker,  Peter. 

Van  Home,  Abram.     Q.  C.  1787. 


Demarest,  John. 
Smith,  Samuel 

Gray,  Andrew. 

n,  John  F.    Q.  C.  17 
Van  Yraiiken,  Nicholas. 


1786. 

Schoeffer,  J.  D. 

1787. 

Chitara,  Ludwig. 

Linn,  Wm.    C.  N.  J.  1772. 


1788. 

Peck,  D.  C.  A. 


(Ger.) 


1789. 

Jennings,  Jacob. 

1790. 

McDowell,  Robt. 
Dyslin,  John  H. 


Corneilson,  John. 

Bogert,  David  Schuyler.    C.  C.  1790. 
Kuypers,  William  Provost. 
Ostrander,  Stephen. 


1791-1800. 
1791. 


1792. 

Paige,  Winslow.     Dartmouth  College. 
Van  Vlierden,  Peter. 


APPENDIX. 


IO49 


Oct.  1792.  Constitution  of  the  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church  Adopted, 
Embracing  Doctrine,  Liturgy  and  Government. 


Reformed  Dutch  Seminary. 


Other  Ministers. 


Abeel,  John  Nelson.    C.  N.  J.  1787. 
Brower,  Cornelius.     C.  C.  1792. 
Brush,  John  C. 
Kuypers,  Zechariah  H. 
Van  Huysen,  Herman. 


Rosegrant,  Elijah,  M.  D.    O.  C.  1791 
Sickles,  Jacob.     C.  C.  1792. 
Johnson,  John  B.     C.  C.  1792. 


Bork,  Christian. 


Brokaw,  Abram.    Q.  C.  1793 
Cannon,  James  S. 
Labagh,  Peter. 
Larzalere,  Jacob. 
Mandeville,  Garret. 
Yates,  Andrew.     Y.  C.  1793. 


Janeway,  Jacob  J.    C.  C.  1794. 


1794. 

Condict,  Ira.    C.  N.  J.  1784. 

Schefer.  J.  D. 

Smith,  Wm.  R.    C.  N.  J. 

1795- 

Duby.     French  Refd. 
Senn,  J. 


1796. 

Close,  John. 


C.  N.  J.  1763. 


I797- 


Albert,  Pierre.     French  Refd. 
Kirby,  Thomas. 


1798. 


Barcolo,  George.     C.  C.  1795. 

Cornell,  John. 

Duryea,  Philip  H.     C.  C.  1795. 

Eltinge,  Wilhelmus.     C.  N.  J.  1796. 

Manley,  William. 

Meyer,  John  Hardenbergh.     C.  C.  1795. 

Polhemus,  Henry.    C.  N.  J.  1794. 

Romeyn,  Benjamin. 

Romeyn,  John  Broadhead.    C.  C.  1795. 

Romeyn,  Thomas.    U.  C.  1797. 

Van  Doren,  Isaac. 

Vredenbergh,  John  S.    Q.  C.  1.794. 

Wyckoff,  Henry  V. 

Ten  Eyck,  Conrad. 


Linn,  ].  B.     C.  C.  1795. 
Wack,  John  J. 


1799. 


Ostrander,  Henry.     U.  C.  1799. 
Zabriskie,  John  L.     U.  C.  1797. 


Miles,  Tohn  B. 
Smith  Thos.  G. 

1800. 

Stephenson,  William. 

1801-1810. 


Froleigh,  Peter  Ditmars.    C.  C.  1799. 
Schoonmaker,  Jacob.     C.  C.  1799. 
Schureman,  John.    Q.  C.  1795. 
Toll,  John  C.     U.  C.  1799. 
Van  Pelt,  Peter  I.    C.  C.  1799. 
Vedder,  Herman.    U.  C.  1799. 
Westervelt,  Ralph  A. 

Christie,  John  I.    C.  C.  1799. 
Hardenbergh,  Charles. 
Palmer,  Sylvanus. 


1801. 

Spinner,  J. 


1802. 

Fox,  V.  K. 

Will,  Peter. 


Univ.  of  Mentz,  1788. 


Demarest,  James  D. 
Overbagh,  Peter  A. 
Schermerhorn,  Cor.  D. 
Whitbeck,  Andrew. 
Vedder,  Henry. 


1803. 


U.  C.  1797. 


I05Q 


Reformed  Dutch  Seminary. 

Bogart,  Samuel. 
Brodhead,  Jacob.     U.  C.  '01. 
Van  Beuren,  Peter.    U.  C.  'oz. 
Westbrook,  Cornelius  D.     U.  C.  ' 


Brower,  Stephen  H. 
Halidav,  Thomas.     U.  C.  '02. 
Kittle,  'Andrew  N.     U.  C.  '04. 
Rowan,  Stephen  N.    U.  C.  '04, 

Demarest,  Cornelius  C.     C.  C.   04. 


Bogardus,  Cornelius. 
Cuyler,  Cornelius  C.    U.  C.  '06. 
De'Voe,  David. 
Hasbrouck,  Jacob  R.  H. 
Hoffman,  Abram. 


Other  Ministers. 


1804. 

Kyle,  Thos. 


1805. 

Bradford,  Thos.     Brown  Univ.  1800. 
Runkel,  J. 

1806. 

Woodhull.SelahS.   C.  C.  &  Y.  C. '02  ;   P.  S. 


1807. 


1808. 


Beattie,  J.     U.  C.  V6. 
Fonda,  Jesse.     U.  C.  '06. 
(iosman,  J.     C.  C.  '01. 
Force,  J.  G.    C.  N.  J.  1794. 


1809. 


Hendricks,  John.     U.  C.  '08. 
Livingston,  Gilbert  R.    U.  C. 'o= 


1810. 

Gunn,  Alex. 


C.  C.  '05. 


Removal  of  the  Seminary  to  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 
1811-1820. 
1811. 


Neva  Brunswick  Seminary. 


1812. 


De  Witt,  Thomas.    U.  C.  '08. 
Mabon,  John  S.    U.  C.  '06. 
Barclay, 


Bronk,  Robert.    C.  N.  J.  '10. 
Wynkoop,  Peter  S.    U.  C.  '07. 


Murphy,  James. 

Van  Santvoord,  Staats.    U.  C.   ti. 
Van  Vechten,  Jacob.    U.  C.  'co. 
Vermeule,  Cornelius  C.    Q.  C.  '12. 

Marselus,  Nicholas  J.    U.  C.  '10. 

Sluyter,  Richard. 

Wilson,  Abram  1).     Q.  C.  '11. 

Bogardus,  William  R.     U.  C.  '13 
Bit  mge,  Cornelius  C.     Q.  C.  '12. 
Johnson,  Isaiah  Y.     W.  C.  '13. 
Ni  al,  Ava.    C.  C.  '10. 
Schultz,  Jacob  I.     U.  C.  '13- 

Alburtis,  John.    C.  C.  '12. 

Kissam,  Samuel.     U.  C.  '13. 

Ludlow,  John      U.  C.  '14. 

Philips,  William  Wirt.     U.  C.  '13. 

Swartwout,  John. 

Van  Vranken,  Samuel  A. 

Van  Zandt.  1 

Vermeule,  Frederick. 

Wyckoff,  Isaac  Newton.    Q.  C.  '12. 


Dreyer,  J.  H. 

Mathews,  J.  M.    U.  C.  '04  ;  Assoc.  R.  S.  '07. 

McMurray,  W.    U.  C.  '04;  Assoc.  R.  S.  '08. 


1813. 


De  Witt,  John.     U.  C.  and  C.  N.  J.  'c9. 
Field,  J.  T.     C.  N.  J. 
Milledoler,  P.    C.  C.  1793. 
Schermerhorn,  J.  F.     U.  C.  '09. 


1814. 


Ames,  J.  W. 

Carl,  J.  H.     Q.  C.  '11. 


1815. 


Christie,  J. 
Jones,  Nic. 

1816. 

Amerman,  A.    C.C'12  ;  Assoc. Ref.Sem.'i6. 
Bruen,  M.     C.  C.  '12. 
Knox,  John.     Dick.  C.  'n. 
Strong,  P   N.     C.  C.  '10. 

1817. 

Parker,  David. 


APPENDIX. 


1051 


New  Brunsivick  Seminary. 

Bogardus,  Cornelins.     U.  C.  '16. 
De  Freest,  David  R. 
Hasbrouck,  Stephen,  M.D. 
Hoff,  Brogun.    Q.  C.  '15. 
Monteich,  Walter.     U.  C.  'n, 

Brinkerhoff,  James  G. 

Du  Bois,  George 

Fonda,  Jacob  D.    U.  C.  '13. 

Goetschius,  Stephen  Z. 

Peltz,  John 

Rawls,  John 

Romeyn,  James.     C.  C.  '16. 

Smaltz,  John  Henry.     Q.  C.  '18. 

Vandervoort,  John  C.     Q.  C.  '18. 

Van  Hook,  Isaac  A.    C.  C.  '17. 

Baldwin,  Eli.     U.  Col.  Med.  '17- 
Dewing,  Jared 
Ferris,  Isaac.    C.  C.  '16. 
Fisher,  Isaac  M.>    C.  C.  '17. 
Ludlow,  Gabriel.    U.  C.  17. 
Switz,  Abram  J.     U.  C.  '17. 
Van  Liew,  John.     Q.  C.  '16. 
Weidman,  Paul.    \J.  C. '18. 


Dwight,  Maurice  W.     C.  C.  '16. 

Fort,  Abraham.    U.  C.  '10. 

Ketchum,  Isaac  S. 

Rouse,  Peter  P.     U.  C.  '21. 

Ten  Eyck,  Jacob  Bruyn.     U.  C. '18 

Funck,  Seymour  P.    C.  C.  '17. 

Wilson,  Joseph.    (C.  N.  J.) 

Dey,  Richard  Varick.    C.  C.  '18. 

McClure,  John 

Stryker,  Herman  B. 

Taylor,  Benjamin  C.     C.  N.  J.  '19. 

Vanderveer,  John.     C.  N.  J.  'i7. 

Van  Vechten,  Samuel.     U.  C.  '18. 

Wynkoop,  Richard.     C.  C.  '19. 

Blair,  Robert  J. 

Blauvelt,  William  W.     Q.  C.  '14. 
Center,  William.     Mid.  C.  '19. 
Ferry,  William  M. 
Helffenstein,  Samuel 
Vanderveer,  Ferdinand  H.    U.  C. 


Abeel,  Gustavus.    U.  C.  '23. 

Bennett,  Asa. 

Cruikshank,  William.    U.  C.  '21. 

Garretson,  John  K. 

Hardenbergh,  James  B.     U.  C.  '21. 

Helffenstein,  Albert, 

Meeker,  Stephen  H.    C.  C.  '21. 

Messier,  Abram.     U.  C.  '21, 

Morris,  Jonathan  F. 

Sears,  Jacob  C.     U.  C.  '21. 

Slingerland,  Elbert. 

Van  Keuren,  Benjamin 

Van  Olinda,  Duow. 

Wynkoop,  Jefferson.     U.  C.  '19. 

Yates,  John  Austin.    U.  C.  '21. 

Beekman,  Jacob  T.  B.     U.  C.  '22. 
Fisher,  George  H.     C.  C.  '21. 
Tarbell,  John  G.    Har.  U.  '20. 
Van  Kleek,  Richard  D.    U.  C.  '22. 


Other  Ministers. 


1818. 

Whiting 


1819. 


1820. 


1821-1830. 
1821. 


Heyer,  W.  H.    C.  C.  '15. 

Scudder,  John.    C.N.J.  '11 ;  Coll.  Phys.  '15. 


1822. 


McLean,  Robert 

Strong,  T.  M.     C.  C. '16 ;  P.  S. '19. 


1823. 

Jordan,  Mark  (Col.). 

Knouse,  Chas. 

McNeill,  A. 

Miller,  J.  E.    U.  C. '12. 

Mills,  G. 

Rudy,  J. 

Searle,  Jer.    Bowdoin  &  U.  C.  '21. 

Steele,  J.  B.    Mid.  C.  '18  :  Assoc.  R.  S.  '22. 

1824. 

Lansing,  J.  V.  S.     Ham.  C.  '20;  P.  S.  '24. 
McLean,  R. 


1825. 

Rice,  H.  L.    Troy  Uni.  '18 ;  P.  S.  '22. 


1052 


AITENDIX. 


New  Brunswick  Seminary. 


Abeel,  David 

Boice,  Ira  Condict.     D.  C.  '23. 
Duraont,  A.  Henry. 
GarretSOU,  John.     U.  C.  '23. 
Heermance,  Henry.    U.  C. 
Labagh,  Abram  I. 
Labakh,  Isaac  P.     D.  C.     (?) 
Paulizon,  Christian  Z.    C.  N.  J.  '25 
Van  Cleef,  Cornelius.    D.  C.  '23. 
Van  Wagenen,  John  H.     U.  C.  '23. 
Westfall,  Benj.  B.     U.  C.  '23. 
Whitehead,  Charles.     D.  C.  '23. 


Holmes,  Edwin.     U.  C.  '22. 
McKelvey,  John.     Belfast  Col.  'a: 
Stevenson,  James  B. 
Van  Dyck,  Leonard  B.     U.  C.  '24. 


Lee,  Robert  P.     D.  C.  '24. 

Quaw,  James  E. 

Raymond,  Henry  A.     Y.  C.  '25. 


1826. 


Other  Ministers. 


Boyd,  J.     U.  C.  '14. 

Boyse,  W. 

Brownlee,  W.  C.     Glasgow  Univ.  '08. 

Evans,  W. 

Mason,  Eb.     C.  N.  J.  20  ;  P.  S.  '23. 

Ogilvie,  J.  G. 

Teller,  J.  H. 


1827- 


Bellenger,  H. 

Bethune,  G.  \V.    C.  C.  &  D.  C.  '23  ;  P.  S.  '26. 

Campbell,  A.  D. 

U.  C.  '24;  Aub.  Sem.  '28. 

N.  J.  '23. 


Chittenden,  A.  B. 
l)e  Mund,  I.  S.     C. 
Denham,  A. 
Frey,  C.  F. 
Otterson,  J.     C.  C. 
Shimeall,  R.  C. 


'06;  Assoc.  R.  Sem.  '21' 


1828. 


Cahoone,  W.     D.  C. '24  ;  P.  S. '27. 

Dunlap,  J. 

Kirkwood,  R. 

Morse,  B.  Y. 

Mulligan,  J. 

Robertson,  N. 

Roosa,  E. 

Taylor,  H. 


C.  C.  '23;  P.  S.  '26. 


1829- 


Cole,  Isaac  D. 

Demarest,  Jas.,  M.D.   Col.Ph,&Surg.'26. 

Mandeville,  Henry.     U.  C.  '26. 

Talmage,  James  R.    C.  N.  J.  '26. 

Van  Dyck,  Cornelius  L.     U.  C.  '26. 

Wack,  Charles  P. 

Woodward,  J.  G. 


Bumstead,  S.  A.     Mid.  C.  '23  ;  P.  S.  '28. 
Cornell,  F,  F.    C.  N.  J.  '25 ;  P-  S. 
Halsey,  A.  O.     U.  C. '22  ;  P.  S. '27. 
Hangen,  J.  W. 

McClelland,  A.  U.  C'09 ;  Assoc.  Ref .  S.  '15. 
Mair,  H.     Glasgow  Univ.  '20. 
Snyder,  H. 
Stimpson,  H.  P. 


1830. 


A.  C. 


27. 


27. 


Amerman,  Thomas  A. 
Beveridge,  James. 
Hunt,  Christopher.    R.  C. 
Kip,  Francis  M.     C.  C.  '26. 
Liddell,  John  A.    Glasgow  and  St.  An- 
drews '26. 
Mann,  Alexander  M.     R.  C.  '27. 
Marcellus,  Aaron  A.     U.  C. '26. 
Meyers,  Abraham  H.     U.  C.  '27. 
Pitcher,  John  Henry.     U.  C.  '27. 
Van  Riper,  Garrabrant.    C.  N.  J.  '27. 
Wells,  Ransford.     R.  C.  '27. 

1831-1840 


Bogardus,  N. 
How,  S.  B.     U.  Pa. 
Robbins,  S. 


'10;  P.  S.  '13. 


Bevier,  John  H. 

Cushing,  David. 

Gregory,  Oscar  H.    A.  C.  '28. 

Manley,  John.     R.  C. '28. 

Van  Arsdale,  Cornelius  C.     R.  C. 


Baldwin,  John  C. 

Garretson,  Garret  I.    R.  C.  '29. 

Robbins,  John  V.     R.  C.  '29. 

Rogers,  Leonard. 

Schanck,  Garret  Conover.     R.  C.  '28. 

Schoonmaker,  Richard  L.     R.  C.  '29. 

Schwartz,  Benjamin.     R.  C.  '29. 

Van  Liew,  John  Cannon. 

Warner,  Alexander  H. 


1831. 

Campbell,  W.  H.     D.  C.  '28;  P.  S.  '29. 

Edwards,  T. 

Hammond,  L. 

Seeley,  A.  W.    U.  C.  '28 ;  P.  S.  '31. 

1832. 

Baldwin,  J.  C. 

Garvin,  Is. 

Laing,  J. 

Salisbury,  W. 

Ward,  J.'W.     C.  N.  J.  '21 ;  P.  S.  '23. 


APPENDIX. 


I053 


New  Brunswick  Seminary. 

Bassler,  Benjamin.    U.  C.  '30. 

Brush,  William.     R.  C.  '30. 

Ludlow,  R.  C. 

Lusk,  Matthias.     R.  C.  '30. 

Quinn,  Robert  A. 

Van  Aken,  Enoch.     R.  C.  '30. 

Van  Arsdale,  Jacob  R.     R.  C.  '30. 


Cooper,  William  H.    R.  C.  '31. 
Currie,  Robert  Ormiston.     R.  C.  '29. 
Nevius,  Elbert.     R.  C.  '30. 
Stimpson,  Edward  P.    R.  C.  '34. 
Thomson,  Fred,  Bordine.     R.  C.  '31. 
Westfall,  Simon  V.  E.    R.  C.  '31. 
Williamson,  Peter  S.     C.  N.  J.  '24. 


Ennis,  Jacob.     R.  C.  '31, 
Lillie,  John.     Univ.  Ed.,  31. 
Polhemus,  Abraham.    R.  C.  '31. 
Terrill,  Lewis  H. 
Youngblood,  William.    R.  C.  '31. 


De  La  Vergne,  James. 
Doty,  Elihu.     R.  C.  '35- 
Hillman,  Alexander  C.     C.  C.  '32. 
Michael,  Daniel.    R.  C.  '33.  ' 
Quick,  Peter  J.     R.  C.  '33. 
Reiley,  William.     R.  C.  '33. 
Scribner,  John  M.    U.  C.  '33. 
Waring,  Hart  E.     R.  C.  '33. 

Allen,  Peter. 

Chambers,  Talbot  Wilson.     R.  C.  '34. 
Cruikshank,  John  C.    U.  C.  '34. 
Demarest,  John  Terhune.     R.  C.  '34. 
Demarest,  William.    C.  C.  '34. 
Duryea,  John  H.     R.  C.  '34. 
Gordon,  William  R.    U.  N.  Y.  '34. 
Heermance,  Harrison.    R.  C.  '34. 
Knox,  John  P.     R.  C.  '30. 
Mesick,  John  F.     R.  C.  '34. 
Pohlman,  William  J.     R.  C.  '34. 
Wiggins,  Ebenezer.     U.  N.  Y.  '34. 

Brett,  Philip  Milledoler.    R.  C.  '34. 

Clark,  Robert  C. 

Harriman,  Orlando.     C.  C.  '35. 

Van  Doren,  [ohn  Addison.     R.  C.  '35. 

Van  Santvoord,  Cornelius.    U.  C.  '35. 

Wyckoff,  Cornelius.     R.  C. '35. 


Ackerson,  John  H. 
Crawford,  John  B.     R.  C.  '36. 
Elmendorf,  Anthony.     R.  C.  36. 
Johnson,  Edward  D.     R.  C.  '36. 
Johnson,  John  G.     R.  C.  '36. 
Moore,  William  S. 


Other  Ministers. 
1833- 

Ambler,  J.  B. 

Bronson,  O. 

Gray,  J. 

Kirkland,  R. 

Lockwood,  L.  R. 

Parry,  Jos. 

Thompson,  D.  R. 

Van  Dyck,  H.     Ham.  C.  '26;  York  S.  '29. 

1834. 

Babbit,  A.     C.  N.  J.  '16  ;  P.  S.  '21. 

Frazer,  T. 

Gregory,  T.  B. 

Hutton,  M.  S.    C.  C. '23;  P.  S. '26. 

Mason,  J. 

Stewart,  J.  W. 

Van  Aken,  E. 

Williams,  M.  B.     C.  N.  J.  '14. 

1835. 

Brownlee,  Jas.     Glasgow  Univ.  '26. 

Bunnell,  S. 

Burtiss,  A.     C.  C.  &  U.  C.  '27 ;  P.  S.  &  Aub. 

S.  '33. 
Hawthorne,  H. 
Knisrht,  R.  W. 
Lindlev,  D. 

May,  E\  H.    Hoxton  C.  &  Sem.  London,  '15. 
Noe,  D.  D. 
Robb,  J. 

Robertson,  S.     W.  C.  '12  :  P.  S.  '15- 
Vermilye,  T.  E.    Y.  C.  '21  ;  P.  S.  '25. 
Woods,  John. 

1836. 

Baldwin,  J.  A.     Y.  C. '29;  P.  S. '34. 

Eggleston,  A. 

Evans,  E. 

Hoes,  J.  C.  F.    A   C.  '32  ;  P.  S.  '35- 

Hyndshaw,  J.  B.     C,  N.  J.  '20;  P.  S.  34- 

Van  Zandt,  B.    U.  C.  '33 ;  Aub.  S.  '36. 


1837. 

Moule,  J.  G.     R.  C.  '34; 
Pepper,  T-  P. 
Pitcher,  Wm.     Wms.  C 
Robertson,  S. 
Nott,  John. 


P.  S.  '37. 

.  '28;  P.  S.  '35- 


1838. 

Abel,  Jas. 

Ayres,  S.  B.     C.  N.  J. '34  ;  P.  S.  '37. 
Campbell,  J.  K. 
Ebaugh,  J.  S. 
Johnson,  Wm. 
Lochead,  W. 

Macauley,  J.  M.     U.  Pa.  '34  :  P.  S.  '37. 
Osborne,  N.     P.  S.  '22. 

Van  Santvoord.  Cor.    U.  C.  ,35 ;  N.  B.  S.  & 
P.  S.  '38. 

1839. 

Chambers,  T.  W.     D.  C.  '30-2  ;  R.  C.  '32-4  ; 

N.  B.  S.  '34-5  ;  P.  S.  36-7. 
Bourne,  G. 
Gray,  W. 
Harlow,  S. 
Jones,  D.  H. 


1054 


All  KNDIX. 


unswick  Seminary. 


Other  Ministers. 


Quackenbush,  Daniel  McL. 
(  nick,  John  J. 
\Vriglu",  William. 


C.  C.  '36.  Jukes,  Chs. 


Alliger,  John  Benj.     R.  C.  '35- 

staver,  Jacob.    R.  C.  '37- 

est,  David  D.    R.  C.  '37 

,  Bphraim.     R.  C.  '35- 


37- 


57- 


De  Puy,  Bpnraim.    k.  v^. 
[aneway,  l"lm  L.    R.  C.  '3 
.  William  K.     R.  < 
rt.    R.  C.  '37. 
Schenck,  George.     Y.  C.  '37- 
Schenck,  Martin  Luther.     R.  C 
Sheffield,  John  H.     U.  N.  Y.  '37. 
,  John  A.    R.  C.  "36. 
,  Win.  Henry.     R.  C.   37. 
Stryker,  Isaac  P.     R.  C.  '37- 
Van  Amburgh.  Robt.     R.  C.  '37. 
Van    Doren,    William    Theodore. 

C.  '37- 
Whitbeck,  Tohn.     R.  C.    37. 


1840. 

Birkby,  J. 

Bishop,  A.  H.     Y.  C.  '30;  P.  S.   35. 
Berkley,  J. 
Brown,  C. 

Doolittle,  H.     U.  C.  '26;  P.  S.  '29. 
Gates,  C. 
Harkness,  James. 
Ingalls,  W.     U.  C.  '36;  And.  Sem. 
Lord,  Jer.  S.     N.  Y.  U.  '36;  U.  S.  '39- 
Middlemas,  J. 
Porter,  R. 

Proudfit,  J.  W.    U.  C.  '23;  P-  S.  '24. 
Starks,  J.  L.  _    , 

Van  Buren,  J.  M.     U.  C.  '35;  Aub.  S.   38- 
R.        Van  Doren,  W.  H.     P.  S.  '40? 
Wood,  Joel. 


1841-50. 


Clute,  T.  M. 

Cornell.JamesA.il.     R.  C. '38. 
Drake,  Francis  Topping.     R.  C.  '38. 

.    Gardner. 
Knieskern,  Joseph.     R.  C.  '38. 
Mlllspaugh,  Alexander  C.     R.  C.  '38. 
Myer,  Gilbert  McPhedrick.    R.  C.  '38. 

■  reorge.    R.  C.  '3**- 
Thompson,  William    [.    R.  C.  '34. 
Turner,  William  E.     R.  C.  '38. 
Watson,  John.     R.  C.  '38. 
Woodbridge.  Samuel  M.    U.  N.  Y.  '38. 


Blauvelt,  Cornelius  ]. 

11  nabas  V.     L.  F.  C. 
ell,  Cornelius  E,    R.  C. '39. 
De  Witt.  John.    R.  C.  '38. 
DuBois,  John.    U.  C.  '39. 

ay,  William  W.     R.  C.  '39. 
Hammond,  Bben  s.     R,  C.  '39- 
Himrod,  [ohn  S.    R.  C. '39. 
Hnlbert,  Victor  M.    R.  C.  '39- 
•  Lansing,  Tac<       A 
Mills,  Samuel  W.     R.  C.  '38. 
Porter,  Elbert  Stothoff.    C.  N.  J.  '39. 
Rverson,  Abram  G.     R.  C.    (y. 
Schoonmaker,  Martin  V.    U.  C.  '39. 
Schultz,  lohn  Newton,     R.  C.  '39. 
Taylor,  Andrew  B.     R.  C.  '39. 
Willis,  Ralph.     R.  C.  '39. 
Winfield,  Aaron  Hun.     R.  C.  '39. 
Wyckoff.  Theodore  F.     R.  C.  '39. 

Bennett,  Jacques. 
■ 
ic  L.  Kipp.     R    C.  '40. 

Van  Wy<  k, ge  P     R.  C.  '40. 

Williamson,  G  R.     R.  C. '40. 

Williamson.  N.  D.   B       R.   C.  '40. 


II,  William  A.     R.  C.  '41. 
bn      1     C.  V- 
Hopper,  Samuel  (i.     K    C.  '41. 
Mabon,  William  A.  V.  V.    U.  C. 
M<  Neish,  David.    R.  C.  '4'. 
Pi  ter  D.     R.  C.  '41. 

K.  V.     R.  C      n 


1841. 

Buckham,  Jas. 

Dyer,  D. 

Kennedy,  D.     U.  C.  '35;  P.  S.  '37. 

Knight,  W. 

Nott,  J.    U.  C.  '23;  A.  S.  &.  P.  S. 

sili,  e.  <;. 

Rand,   W.  W.      Bowdoin   C.   '37  ! 
S.  '40. 


Bangor 


S.  '30. 


1842. 

Betts,  W.  R.  S     U.  C.  '26;  P. 

Chapman,  J.  L.     U.  S.  '41. 

Crocker,  A.  B.    U.  C.  '39 :  P-  S.  '42. 

Dunning,  E.  O. 

Duryee,  I.  G.     U.  C.  '38 ;  A.  S.  '41- 

Gulden,  J.  C. 

Hageman,  C.  S.     R.  C.  '37. 

Murdock,  D. 

Yander  Yolgen,  J.  V. 

Van  Zandt,  A.  B.    U.  C.  '40,  P.  S.  '42. 


1843. 

Clark,  W. 
Davis,  W.  P. 
Lyall,  W. 


U.  C.  '33. 


McFarland,  Jas. 

Morris,  H.    Ham.  C.  '23 ;  P.  S.  '28. 

Scott,  jas.    Univs.  of  Belfast  &  Glasgow. 

Slauson.H.     U.  C. '37;    I".  S. '4°- 

Thompson,  D.  R. 

Van  Buren,  J.  M. 

1844. 

Chester,  C.  H. 
Donald,  Jas. 

Hall,  D.  B.     U.  C.  '39;  P-  S.  '42. 
Kerr,  <;,     Wins.  C.  '39;   U.  S.  '43. 
Lillie,  Jas. 
McLean,  C.  G. 
Mead,  C.  S.    U.  C.  '41 :  Aub.  S.  '44. 


APPENDIX. 


1055 


Neiv  Brunswick  Seminary. 

See,  John  Limberger.    R.  C.  '41. 
Taylor,  William  J.  R.     R.  C.  '41. 
Thomson,  William.    R.  C.  '41. 
Vedder,  Edwin.     R.  C.  '41. 
Vermilye,  Ashbel  G.     U.  N.  Y.  '40. 
Watson,  William. 

Bailey  William.     R.  C.  '42. 
Boyse,  Gerard. 
Knox,  James  H.  M.    C.  C.  '41. 
Lansing,  John  A.     U.  C.  ,42. 
Lloyd,  Aaron.     R.  C.  '42. 
Miller,  William  A.    U.  C.  '42. 
Milne,  Chas. 
Miner,  John.     R.  C.  '42- 
Romaine  Benjamin  F.     R.  C.  '42. 
Simonson,  John.     R.  C.  '42. 
Smith,  Nicholas  E.     R.  C.  '41. 
Strong,  Thomas  C.     U.  C.  '41. 
Talmage,  Goyn.     R.  C.  '42. 
Talmage,  John  Van  N.     R.  C.  '42. 
Voorhis,  Jacob  N.     R.  C.  '42. 
West  Jacob.    R.  C.  42. 
Wyckbff,  Abraham  V.     R.  C.  '42. 

Chapman,  Nathan  F.     R.  C.  '44- 
Compton,  James  M.     R.  C.  '44. 
Dutcher,  Jacob  C.     R.  C.  '43. 
Murden,  Benjamin  F.     R.  C.  '43. 
Seeber,  Safrenus.     R.  C.  '43. 
Spaulding,  Cyril.     R.  C.  '41. 
Stewart,  Abel  T.     R.  C.  '43. 
Van  Cleef,  Paul  D.    R.  C.  '43- 
Van  Neste,  George  J.  '42. 


Bellinger,  J.  W, 
Conklin,  Nathaniel.     R.  C.  '44. 
Davenport,  Jerome  A. 
Lord,  Daniel.    U.  Pa.  '44. 
Manning  John  Henry.     R.  C.  '44. 
Steele,  Richard  H.    R.  C.  '44- 
Van  Nest,  Abraham  R.     R.  C.  '41. 
Whitehead,  J.  E. 

Eltinge,  Cornelius  D.    R.  C.  '44- 
Hammond,  John  W. 
Peltz,  Philip.    U.Pa. '45. 
Seaiie,  Samuel  Tomb.     U.  C.  '45- 
Steele,  John.     R.  C.  '45. 
Stitt,  Charles  H.  R.  C.  '44- 
Stryker,  Peter.    R.  C.  '45. 
Ten  Eyck,  William  H.     R.  C.  '45- 
Todd,  John  Adams.     R.  C.  '45- 
Van  Brunt,  Rutgers.     Hob.  C.  '4°- 
Van  Wyck,  Polhemus,  R.  C.  '43. 

Anderson,  William. 
Eckel,  Henry.    U.  Pa.,  '46. 
Ferris,  John  Mason.     U.  N.  Y.  '43. 
Hedges,  Hugh  G.    R.  C.  '46. 
Phelps,  Philip  Jr.     U.  C. '44. 
Romeyn,  Theodore  B.    R.  C.  '46. 
Schenck,  John  W.     R.  C.  '45. 
Snyder,  Benjamin  F.     R.  C.  '46. 
Van  Woert,  Jacob  H.    R.  C.  '46. 


Berry,  James  Romeyn.    R.  C.  '47. 
Dater,  Henry.     R.  C.  '47- 
Du  Bois,  Anson.    R.  C.  '47. 
Galusha,  Watts.     R.  C.  '47- 


Other  Ministers. 

Newton,  E. 

Van  Dyck,  L.  H.    A.  C.  '30;  Aub.  S.   33. 


1845- 

Dickhant,  J.  C. 

Fisher   I.  P.    U.  C.  '19,  U.  S.  '41. 
Gulick,  Alex.     R.  C.  35  ;  P-  S.  &  U.  S.   39. 
Thompson.   A.  R.     N.  Y.  U.  '36-'8:  R.  C. 

'39,  '40 ;  N.  Y.  U.  V-'z  ;  P.  S.  '45- 
Wiley,  Charles.   C.  C.  &  C.  N.  J.  '25;  Aub. 

S.  '36;  New  Haven  S. 


1846. 

Hall,  B.  R.    C.  N.  J.  &  U.  C.  '20;  P.  S.  '23. 
Henry,  J.  V.    C.  N.  J.  '15  ;  P.  S.  '21. 
Neander,  j. 
Miller.  I.  L.  K. 

Scudder,  W.  W.    C.  N.  J.  '41  i  p-  S.  '45- 
Stebbins,  J.     U.  C.  '42  ;  P.  S.  '45  „    „., 
Van  Dyck,  C.  V.  A.    Jeff.  Med.  C.  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.  '39. 
Veenhuyzen,  A.B.    Geneva,  Switzerland. 

1847. 

Betten,  A.  J. 

McLaren,  M.  N.    U.  C.  '24. 
Roof,  G.  L.    U.  C.  '31. 
Vandermeulen,  C. 


1848. 

Baay,  G. 

Van  Brunt,  R. 

Van  Wyck,  P. 

Little,  E.  G.    C.N.  J. '45:  P.  S. '48. 

McKee,  Jos.     Belfast  Coll. '29  ;  L  .  S.   45. 

Marvin  U.     W.  C.  &  U.  C.  '35 ;  P-  S.  '47- 

Moore,  J.  G.    La.  F.  C.  '42;  P.  S.  '45- 

Serenbetz,  F.  M. 

Vander  Schuur,  K. 

Van  Thuyzen,  A.  B. 

1849. 

Bradford,  W.  J. 

Dickson,  A.     U.  C.  '45  i  P-  S.  '48. 

Evans,  C.  A. 

Freeze,  A.  P. 

James,  W.  L.     U.  C.  '39;  Bangor  Sem. 

Livingston,  H.  G.     W.  C.  '40  ;U.  S.   49. 

McCartney,  G.  R. 

Rosenkrantz,  J. 

Smith,  J. 

Smuller,  H.  W.    Oberlin  C. 

Stein,  F. 

Waldron,  C.  N.    U.  C.  '46;  P.  S.  '49. 

Willets,  A.  A. 

1850. 

Bruen,  J.  M.     U.  Pa.  '37;  U.  S.  '42. 
Craven,  E.  R.    C.  N.J.  '4a;  P.  S.  '48. 
Lehlbach,  F.  A. 


APPENDIX. 


Brunswick  Seminary. 

Lente,  James  K.     R.  C.  '4*- 
Lippincott,  Benjamin  C.      R.  C.   47. 

Samuel.     I'.  X.  Y.  '47. 
Scudder.  Samuel.     R.  C.  '47- 
Strong,  J.  Pascal.     R.  C.  '45. 
.  Wesley.    R.  C.  '47- 

Henry  V.     R.  C.  '47- 


art,  lames  E.     R.  C.  '48- 
Buckelew,  William  D.     R.  C.  '48. 
Case  Cah  in.     R.  C.  '48. 
Comfort,  Lawrence  I..     U.  C.   48- 
Elmendorf,  Peter.     R.  C.  '45. 
Furbeck,  George.    U.  C.  '4^- 
How,  Henry  Kollock.     R.  C.  '42. 

:,  John  X.     R.  C.  '48. 
M.imleville,  Giles  H.     R.  C. '48. 
Rockwell,  George 
irer,  Thorns 

Charles.      R.  C.  '48. 
Scudder,  Joseph.     R.  C.  '48. 
Van  Vranken,  Adam  H.     R.  C.  '4 
Wilson,  James  B.     R.  C.  '48. 


Collier  Joseph  A.     R.  C.  '49. 

11,  John.     R.  C.  '49. 
Julien,  Robert  D. 

iac  M.    R.  C.  '49. 
Van  Gieson,  A.  P.    U.  X    V. 


Elmendorf,  Joachim.     R.  C.  '50. 
Tones,  Nathan  W.    R.  C.  '50. 
Kershow,  [oseph  H.    R.  C.  '50. 
McNair.  John  L.    R.  C.  '50. 
Searle.  Stephen.     U.  C.  '50. 
See,  William  G.  E. 
Shepard,  Charles  I.     R.  C.  '50 


Collier,  Ezra  W.     R.  C.  '48. 
3Se  D. 
G  R.  C.  'si. 

Letson,  William  W.     R.  C.  '51- 
Mailer,  John.    R.  C.  'si. 
Stillwell,  Aaron  L.    R.  C.  '51. 
Stout,  Nelson.     R.  C.  'si. 
Terhune,  Edward  P.     K.  C.  '50. 


Other  Ministers. 


U 


N.  Y.  '39:  U.  S.  '4t. 
U.  S.  '46. 

P.S.  'Si. 
S.  '28. 


Moravian  Insts.  '31. 
U.  C.  '40. 


A.C.  '27;  A.  S.  '30. 


in,  John  A.    R.  C.  '52. 
.  1.  Sansom.     R,  C.  's-'- 
Livii  P.    R.  C.  '52. 


1851-1860. 

1851. 

Bolks  S. 

Brown,  S.  R.  Y.  C.  '32;  Columbia  Sem. 
S.  C.  &.  U.S.  '38. 

Buck,  C.  D.     Wms.  C.  '45;  U.  S.  V.. 

Bulkley,  C.  H.  A.     * 

Cary,  J.  A. 

Doe.  W.  P.    U.  C. 

Kasse,  A.  K. 

Klyn,  H.  G. 

La  Tourette,  J.  A.  M.     N.Y.U. 

Pierce,  N.  P.     A.  C.  '42  ;  U.  S.  '45- 

Rowland,  J.  M.     Beloit  C.  '26;  P. 

Scudder,  H.  M.     X.  V.  U.  '40;  U.  S.  "43- 

Seward,  D.  M.     V.  C.  '3'  !  «.  Haven  b.  '35. 

Smit,  R. 

Vandermeulen,  C. 

Van  Raalte,  A.  C.  Leyden  Univ.  '31  ;  Ley- 
den  Th.  School  '34. 

Wiseman,  J. 

Ypma,  M.  A. 

1852. 

Berg,  J.  F 
Birkey,  A. 

Burgliardt,  P.  H. 
Cochrane,  A.  G. 
Jameson,  C.  M. 
McClure,  A.    Y.  C. 
McKee,  Jos. 
Shaw,  J.   B. 

1853. 

Atwater,  E.  R.     U.  C.  '34. 

Beidler.  B.  F.     Mar.  C.  '46;  Mar.  Sem.  '49. 

Cuvler,  T.  L.    C.  N.  J.  V  ;  P,  S.  '46. 

Davie,  J.  T.  M. 

Dunnewold,  J.  \V. 

Edgar,  C.  H.    C.  X.  J.  '31. 

Madoulet,  J.  B. 

Pohle,  K.  A.  ]. 

Read.  11.     W.  C.  '26:  P.  S.  '28;  And.  S. 

Seelye.  J.  H.     A.C.  '49;  Aub.  S. '52. 

Talmage,  P.  S.     J.  C.  '45  ;  P-  S.  '48 

Wolff,  W. 

Zurcher,  J.  N. 

1854. 

Beattv,  James. 

Bentl'ev,  E.  W.     E.  Windsor,  '54. 
Birkev.  H 
Boehrer,  J. 

Bronson,  O.     U.  C.  '45. 
Burroughs,  (i.  W. 
Dickhaut,  C. 
Hones,  J. 
McGregor,  E.  R. 
Mohn,  L. 

Parker,  Charles.     U.  S.  '48. 
Prister,  J.  P. 

Peck,  T.  R.  G.     Y.  C.  '48;  P.  S.  &  U.  S.  '51. 
Vandewater,  A.    C.  N.  J.  '46  ;  P.  S.  '49- 
Welch,  R.  B.     U.  C.  '46  ;  And.  S.  '50;  Aub. 
S.  'Sa. 

1855. 

Bielfield,  11.     Mid.  C.  '21  :   And.  S.   15. 
Bingham,  L.  « '< . 


APPENDIX. 


I057 


New  Brunswick  Seminary. 

Mohn,  Leopold. 
Schneeweis,  Franz  M. 
Schnellendreussler,  H.  F.  F. 
Schwedes,  Franz  R. 
Scudder,  Ezkiel  C.    W.  R.  C.  '50. 
Scudder,  Jared  W.    W.  R.  C.  '50. 
Van  Vleck,  John.    R.  C.  '52. 
Wells,  Cornelius  Low.     R.  C.  '52. 
Zabriskie,  Francis  N.    U.  N.  Y.  '50. 


Corwin,  Edward  T.     C.  C.  N.  Y.  '53. 

Demarest,  James,  Jr.     U.  C.  '52. 

Doolittle,  Philip  M.     U.  C.  '52. 

Harris,  J.  Ferguson.     R.  C.  '53. 

Munn,  Anson  F.     R.  C.  '52. 

Oerter,  Tohn  Henry. 

Talmage,  T.  De  Witt.     U.  N.  Y.  '53. 

Vande  Wall,  Giles. 

Wagner,  John  Martin.     R.  C.  '53. 

Wyckoff,  Jacob  Snediker.    R.  C.  '53. 


Decker,  Henry  E.     W.  C.  '53. 
Holmes.  John  McC.     W.  C.  '54. 
Le  Fevre,  James.     R.  C.  '54. 
Markle,  Josiah.     R.  C.  '53. 
Suydam,  J.  Howard.     R.  C.  '54. 
Thompson,  Henry  P.     R.  C.  '54. 


Enyard,  William  T.     R.  C. 'ss- 
Lott,  John  S.    R.  C.  '55. 
Lowe,  John  C.     R.  C.  '55. 
Mayou,  Joseph.    R.  C.  '55. 
McKelvey,  Alex.     R.  C.  '55. 
Neef,  Jacob  F.     S.  G. 
Ostrom,  Alvan.     R.  C.  '55. 
Rapalje,  Daniel.     R.  C.  '55. 
Riedel,  F.  W.  A.     S.  G. 
Searle,  Jeremiah,  Jr.     R.  C.  '55. 
Strong,  Robert  Grier.     U.  N.  Y.  '55. 
Thompson,  John  B.     R.  C.  '51. 
Todd,  Augustus  F.     R.  C.  '51. 


Chamberlain,  Jacob.     W.  R.  C.  '56. 

Du  Bois,  Hasbrouck. 

Furbeck,  Philip.     U.  C.  '54- 

Hansen,  Maurice  G.     R.  C.  '56. 

Huyssoon,  James. 

Jansen,  Josiah.    R.  C.  '56. 

Knowlton,  Albert  W. 

Leslie.  John  R. 

Lott,  Henry  Ray,  M.D. 

New,  William  E. 


Other  Ministers. 

Fulton.   Wm. 

Gardeneir,  W.     Y.  C.  "42 ;  P.  S.  49. 

Hastings,  S.M.P.    Ham.  C'33  ;  Aub.  S.  '37- 

Johns,   William. 

King,  F.  L.    C.  N.  J.  -44 ;  P.  S.  '48. 

Kuss,  C. 

Pettingill,  J.  H. 

Schroepfer,  E. 

Schwilk,  W.  F 

Vander  Schuur,  R. 

Weisgotten,  Z. 

Wust,  W.  C. 

1856. 

Benedict,  W.  A. 

Bolton,  James.    U.  C.  '51  ;  U.  S.  '53. 

De  Roy,  J. 

Doeppenschmidt,  C. 

Dyer,  S. 

Friedel,  H.  A. 

Gardiner,  H.  B. 

Haselbarth,  W.  G. 

Oggel,  P.  J. 

Pearce,  J.  L.    U.  C.  '49  ;  P-  S.  '56. 

Rogers.  E.  P.     Y.  C.  ,37  !  P-  S.  '40. 

Van  Buren,  B. 

Van  den  Bosch,  K. 

1857- 

Becker,  Charles. 

Brown,  H.  J. 

Cobb,  O.  E.    Y.  C.  '53;  U.  S.  '57. 

Dyer,  Fr. 

Finch,  H.  W. 

Hamilton,  William. 

Jewett,  A.  D.  L.    Wms.  C.  '52. ;  P.  S.  '54- 

Morse,  A.  G. 

Riddle,  D.  H.     J.  C.  '23 ;  P.  S.  '28. 

Romaine,  B.  F.     R.  C.  '42. 

Roosevelt,  W. 

Selden,  C. 

Van  Lienwen,  William. 

Watson,  A. 

De  Luister,  J. 

1858. 
Buri,  P. 

Campfield,  R.  B.     C.  N.  J.  '24  ;  Aub.  S.  '28. 
Cole,  David.    R.  C.  '42. 
Collins,  Chs. 
Conrad,  C.  E. 

Dean,  A.     A.  C.  '42  ;  A.  S.  '48. 
Hall,  J.  G. 

Lansing,  A.  G.     U.  C.  '83. 
McEckron,  G.  M. 
Merrill,  F.    P.  S.  '43. 
Nvkerk.  G.  J. 

Se'elye,  E.  E.    U.  C.  '39  :  P.  S.  '43. 
St.  John. 
Stobbelaer,  N. 
Sturges,  S. 
Van  Tubbergen 


Wilson,  H.  N. 
Zastera,  F. 
Zwemer,  A. 


C.  N.J.  30;  P.  S.  '34- 


1859. 

Brown,  H.  J. 

Crosby,  H.  B. 

Eells,  Jas.     Ham.  C.    44  ;  Aub.  S.  '51. 

Henshaw,  M.    A.  C.  '45;  U.  S.  '47. 

Houbolt,  W.  A. 

Sawyer,  A.  (.Hindu.) 

Shaffer,  T.  L. 

Skinner,  T.  H.,  Jr.    N.  Y.  U.  '40;  U.  S.  '43. 

Souri,  P.  (Hindu.) 

Timlow,  H.  R.     C.  N.  J.  '52. 


1058 


APPENDIX. 


New  Brunswick  Seminary. 

N..tt,  Charles  De  K.     U.  C.  *54- 
Kiddle,  Matthew  B.     J.  C.    s»- 
Shiebe,  Henry 
Shaw,  William  A.     Mad.  L  . 
\ anderveer,  Cyrus  G. 
Weiss,  Edward  M. 


Other  Ministers. 

Verbeck,  G.  F.     Aub.  S. '59. 
Wales,  E.  V. 

White,  E.  K.     V.  C.  '54  I  C.  S. 


i860. 


Baay,  Jacob.    B.  C.  '57- 

Ballagh,  James  H.     R.  C.  '57- 
Berry,  Philip.     R.  C.  '57- 
Collier,  Isaac.     R.  C.  '57 
Gulick,  Albert  V.    K.  C. '57- 
HiUton,  Mancius  H.     U.N.  \. '57-    _ 

,  Henry  W.P.  Salt  Hill  Aead.,Eng. 
K  ip,  Leonard  W. 
Loeber,  Frederick 
Miller,  Edward.     R.  C.  '57- 
Peeke,  George  H.     R.  C.  '57- 
Proudfit,  Robert  R.     R.  C.  '54- 
Rogers,  L,  Cortlandt.     Wins.  C.  '56. 
Scboemelt,  Christian 
Scudder,  John      R.  C  '57-  - 
Talmage,  Thomas  A.     R.  C.  '57. 
Warner,  Isaac  W. 
Watkins,  John  E.     R.  C.  '57- 
Wortman,  Denis.    A.  C.  '57. 


Aurand,  H.     D.  C.  '30. 

Baird,  C.  W.     N.  Y.  U.   48 ;  U.  S.  '52. 

Bates.  E.  D, 

Brace,  F.  R.     Y.  C.  '57  ;  Aub.  S.  '60. 

Crosby,  Howard.     N.  Y.  U.  '44. 

Forsyth,  J.     R.  C.  '29;  Edinburgh  Univ. 

Hitchcock,  E.  W. 

Johnson,  H.  H. 


58. 


Blauvelt,  Augustus.     R.  C.  '58. 
Bonney,  Peres  B.     R.  C.  '57. 
Buttz,  Henry  Anson. 
Drury,  fohn  Benj.    R.  C.  '58. 
Durand,  Cyrus  B.    R.  C.  '58. 
Dnryee,  William  R.    R.  C.  '56. 
F  razee,  J.  Hatfield. 
Kip,  Isaac  L.    R,  C.  'ss- 
Krum,  Josephus  D.    R.  C.  '58. 
Miller,  "William  H. 
1'ieters,  Roelof.     R.  C.     58. 
Proudfit,  Alexander.     R.  C.  '58. 
Stanbrough,  Rufus  M.     R.  C.  '58. 
Strong,  Mason  K.     U.  N.  Y.  '55. 
Swick,  Minor.     K.  C.  '58. 

mpson,  Abram.    R.C.  '57. 
Vandermeulen,  Jac.  C.     R   C.  '58. 
Vander  Veen,  Christ.    R.  C.  '58. 
Van  Vranken,  F.  Y.    U.  C.  '58. 
Vehslage,  Henry. 
Watson,  Thomas  G.    Hob.  C.  '57. 
Wilson,  Peter  Quick.     R.  C. '58. 


..,  Theodoric  R.     R.  C.  '49. 
Brandt,  Henrv  W. 
Brock,  John  R".     R.  C.  '59. 
Burr,  Marcus. 

Collier,  Isaac  Henry.     R.  C    '59. 
Cornell,  William.     R.  C.  '59. 
Doolittle,  T.  Sanford.     R.  C.  '59. 
Keh r man,   I . 
1  i  a  net  son,'  Gilbert  S.     K.  C.  '59. 

ah  I),      R    C.  '59- 
Hawes,  Henrv  Herbert 
Mathews,  |ohn  K      M.  Y.  U.  '59. 
Mattice.  Abram.     K    t  .  '58. 
Alonzo  l\     K.  C.  '59- 
Rhinehart,  J.  Kelly.    R.  C.  '59- 
Rogers,  Samuel  I.    R.  C.  '59. 
Schermerhorn,  ll    R. 

■  ing,  Arad  Joy.     R    C.  '59-, 
Yandernieulen,  John.     R.  C.  '59- 
Whitbeck,  Richard  M.     R    1 
WiNon,  Frederick  P.    R.  C.  5. 
Wurts,  William  A.     L.  P.  I 


Johnson,  H.  ±1. 

Knox,  Chs.  E.     Ham.  C.  "56 ;  U.  S.  '59 

Larimore,  J.  W.    N.  Y.  U.  '56;  P.  S.  V. 

Mc Williams,  A.   U.C.  '50;  Newburg  S.  '55. 

Major,  J.  W.    U.  C.  '50;  P.  S.  '53. 

Miller,  H.     Leipzig  Univ.  '55. 

Rice,  C.  D. 

Rockwell,  Chs.     Y.  C.  '26  ;  A.  S.  '34. 

St  uddiford,  P.  A.     C.  N.  J.  '49  i  F.  S.  '5a. 

Weiland,  K.  B. 

Wenisch,  J. 


1861  1870. 
1861. 


Gilbert,  A.  F. 

Heermance,  E.  I.  Y.  C.  '58  ;  A.  S.  61. 
Little,  J.  A.  C.  C.  N.  Y.  '54  ;  U.  S.  '57- 
Murrav,  C.  D.     Y.  C  ;  Y.  S. 


1863. 


Betten,  A.  J. 

Clark,  R.  W      Y.  C.  '38  ;  And.  S.  '41. 
Connitt,  G.  W.    W.  C.  '49  :  Ch.  Th.  Inst.   53. 
Duryea,  J<>s.  T.    C.  N.  J.  '56;  P.  S.  '59- 
Gardner,  T.  A. 
Gramm,  G.  E. 

Johnson,  H.  H.  Miami  Univ.;  Al  egh.  S. 
King,  A.  B.  C.  N.  I.  '35  :  U.  S.  &  P.  S.  '58. 
Meyer,  Karl.     Univ.  Halle,  '47  ;  Freidberg 

~Sem.  '48; 
Scudder,  S.  D.,  M.  D.     R.  C.  '56. 
Veenhuizen,  A.  B. 


APPENDIX. 


1059 


New  Brunswick  Seminary. 


1863. 


Other  Ministers. 


Ballagh,  William  H.     R.  C.  '60. 

Beardslee,  John  W.     R.  C.  '60. 

Bogardus,  Francis  M.     R.  C.  '60. 

Bogardus,  William  E.     K.  C.  '60. 

De  Witt,  Richard.     R.  C.  '60. 

Geyer,  Julius  W. 

Hageman,  Andrew  J.     R.  C.  '60. 

Karsten,  John  H,     R.  C.  '60. 

Lyell,  James. 

Phraner,  William  H.     N.  Y.  U.  '60. 

Skillman,  William  J.     R.  C.  '60. 

Vermilye,  Dupuytren.     R.  C.  '00. 

Voorhees,  Henry  M.     R.  C.  'sg. 

Voorhees.  William  B.     R.  C.  '60. 

Wilson,  Charles  W.     R.  C.  '61. 

Winter,  Egbert.     R.  C.  '60. 

Zabriskie,  Jeremiah  L      C.  C.  Law.  Dep.  '54 


Berger,  M.  L.     Wms.  C.  '59  ;  U.  S.  '62. 

Cochrane,  A.  G.    Mid.'C.  '47  ;  P-  S.  '48. 

Conseul,  G.  D,  W.    Am.  C. '58  ;  P.  S. '61. 

lap  Han  Chiong.    {Chinese.) 

Kimball,  Jos.    U.  C.  '39  ;  Newburgh  S.  '43. 

Ricketts,  J.  H. 

Le  Tau.  (Chinese.) 

Turner,  Jas. 

White,  G. 


Bartholf,  Benj.  A.     R.  C.  '6i. 
Bodine,  George  DeWitt.     R.  C.  '61. 
Borst,  J.  William.     R.  C.  '6r. 
Broek,  Dirk.    R.  C.  '61. 
Cole,  Solomon  T. 
Dusinberre,  Thos.  S.    R.  C.  '61. 
Garretson,  John.     R.  C.  '61. 
Hartranft,  Chester  D.     U.  Pa.  '61. 
Quick,  Abram  M.     R.  C.  '60. 
-Sherwood,  Nathan  M. 
Van  Benschoten,  W.  B.     R.  C.  '61. 
Van  Doren,  John  H.     R.  C.  '59. 
Van  Vliet,  Thornton.     R.  C.  '61. 
Van  Wagenen,  Wm.  A.    C.  C.  '61. 
Wyckoff,  James.     R.  C. '61. 
Zabriskie,  William  Pell. 

Anderson,  Wm.  H.     R.  C.  '6i. 
Brett,  Cornelius.     N.  Y.  U.  '62. 
Brush,  Alfred  H.    R.  C.  '62. 
De  Pree,  Peter.     R.  C.  '62. 
Doremus,  Joseph  H.     R.  C.  '62. 
Fritz,  Charles  W.    R.  C.  '62. 
Gesner,  Oscar.    R.  C.  '62. 
Horton,  Francis  A.    R.  C.  '62. 
Justin,  John.     R.  C.  '62. 
"Lepeltak,  Peter.    R.  C.  '62. 
Merritt,  William  B.     R.  C.  '62. 
Schenk,  John  Van  Nest.     R.  C.  '62. 
Schlieder,  Frederic  E. 
Sebring,  Elbert  N.     R.  C.  '62. 
Statesir,  Benjamin  T.     R.  C.  '62 
Strong,  Selah  Woodhull.     U.  N.  Y.  '6. 
Van  SlYke,  Evert.    R.  C.  '62. 
Vroom,  William  H.     R.  C.  '62. 
Wells,  Theodore  W.     R.  C.  '62. 
Wvckoff,  DeWitt  B.     R.  C.  '62. 


1864. 

Blauvelt.  G.  M.  S.     N.  Y.  U.  '50  ;  P.  S.  '53. 
Cobb,  S.  H.     Y.C.  'S82;  P.  S. '62. 
Collier,  E.  A.     N.  Y.  U. '5? ;  P.  S. '60. 
Fenner,  J. 

Hartley,  I.  S.    N.  Y.LV52  ;  U.  S.  &  A.  S/56. 
Petrie,  J.     U.  C.  '46;  Aub.  S.  '49. 
Schroeder,  A.     W.  C.  '61  ;  Aub.  S.  '64. 
White,  G.     W.  C.  )6i  ;  Aub.  S.  '64. 


1865. 

Bahler,  P.  B. 

Boyd,  J.,  C.    C.  N.J. '55;  P.  S, '63. 

Clark,  W.  H.     W.  R.  C.  > ;  U.  S. '63. 

Cludius,  T. 

Dahlmann,  J.  J.  W. 

Gerhard,  L. 

Koopman,  H.  R, 

Reidenbach,  J.  A. 

Smith,  W.  H. 

Tomb,  J.  S.  L. 


Arcularius,  And.  M.     R.  C.  '63. 
Brush,  William  W.     R.  C.  '62. 
Kiekintveld,  Mannes.     R.  C.  '63. 
Kriekaard,  Adrian.     R.  C.  '63. 
Mills,  George  A.     R.  C.  '63. 
Oggel.  Edward  C.    R.  C.  '63. 
Pool,  Charles  H.     R.  C.  '63. 
Riggs,  Charles  H.     R.  C. '62. 
Seibert,  George  A.     R.  C.  '63. 
Smith,  William.     R.  C.  ,63. 
Smock,  John  H.     R.  C.  '63. 
Swain,  George  W.     R.  C.  '62. 
Uiterwyck,  Henry.     R.  C.  '62. 
Vile,  Joseph  Mabon.     R.  C.  '62. 


Bahler,  Lewis  Henri.    R.  C.  '61. 
Bertholf.James  H.     R.  C.  '64. 


Cobb,  H.  N.     U.  C.  '55  ;  U.  S.  '57- 
Cooper,  Jac.     Y.  C.   '52;  Berlin   Univ. 

Theology,  Halle  and  Berlin. 
Denniston,  J.  O.     Y.  C.  '56  :  G.  S.  '62. 
Enders,  J.  H.     U.  C.  '58;   P.  S.  '61. 
Fairchild,  E.  S.     C.  N.  J.  '56;  A.  S.  '59. 
Frazee,  J.  H.     R.  C;  N.  B.  S. 
Hart,  Chas.  E.     C.  N.  J. '58 ;  P.  S.  '6i. 
Jongeneel,  L.  J. 
Reiley;  D.  T.     R.  C.  '57. 
Roe,  S.  W.    N.  Y.  U. '47;  tJ.  S.  '51. 
Sinclair,  J.  H. 


1867. 

Brown.  W.  S.    C.  N.  J.  '60;  P.  S.  '63. 
Carroll,  J.  H.     U.  Pa.  '51 ;  P.  S.  '54- 


io6o 


APPENDIX. 


New  Brunswick  Seminary. 

Bogert,  Nicholas  J.  M.    R.  C.  '64. 
Collins,  Tarn-      M 
Doremus,  Andrew    }.     R.  C.  '64. 
Halloway,  Wm.  W.    U.  N.  Y.  '64. 
1  nomas  W.    R.  C.  "64. 
rancis  M.  [r.    0.  N.  Y.  '64. 
Rune,  John  M.     Un.  Utrecht. 
Steinfuhrer,  Chs.  D.  F.     U.  C.  '64. 
Sutphen,  David  S.     R.  C.  '64. 
Van  Arsdale,  N.  H.     R.  C.  '62. 
Van  Huron,  Peter  H.     U.  N.  Y.   64. 
Van  I  loren,  David  K  . 
Van  Home,  David.     U.  C.  '64. 
Ward,  Henry.     U.  C.  '64. 
Wy<  kotr,  Abram  N.     R.  C.  '62. 


Other  Ministers. 

Consaul,  G.  D.  W. 

De  Beer,  J.  B. 

Eddy,  Z. 

Ettirojooloo,  S.  (Hindoo). 

Feltch.  J.  H. 

Heyser,  H.  C. 

Hicks,  W.  W. 

Israel  (Hindoo). 

|ohn  (Hindoo). 

Kellogg,  C.  D.     C.N.  J.  '61;  P.  S. 

Kuyper,  A.  C. 

Liebeneau,  M.  F.     N.  Y.  U.  '39  ;  U.  S.  '41. 

Meury,  J. 

Sherwood,  N.  L. 

Van  Aken,  G.     N.  Y.  U.  '62;  P.  S.  '63:  U 

S.  '64. 
Yander  Veer,  D.  N.    U.  C.  '63  ;  P.  S.  '66. 
Yasadian  (Hindu). 


1868. 


Allen,  John  Knox.     R.  C.  "65. 
Amernian,  James  L.    U.  N.  Y.  '62. 
Brown,  Josiah  J.     R.  C.  '60. 
Campbell,  Alan  D.     R.  C.  '62. 
Davis,  John  A    James.     R.  C.  '65. 
De  Hart.  William  H.     R.  C.  '65. 
Grant,  Henry  lesse.     R.  C.  '65. 
8,  Henrv'Y.  S.     W.  C.  '65. 
Shaw,  John  Fletcher.    R.  C.  '65. 
Stout,  Henrv.     R.  C.  '65. 
Warnshuis,  John  W.    H.  C.  '65. 
Westveer,  Adrian.     R.  C.  '65. 
Zabriskie.  Albert  A.     R.  C.  '65. 


Blauvelt,  C.  R.     N.   Y.  U.'64;  P.  S.    &   U 

S.  '67. 
Cleghorn.  E.  B.     P.  S.  '50. 
De  Bey,  B. 
Deyoe,  P.  T. 

Farmer,  S.  F.     Frank.  C.  '50.  Can.  S.    54. 
Hayt,  S.  A. 

Hopkins,  D.     U.  S.  '68. 

Meerwein,  O.     Univ.  Berlin  '62  :  U.  S.  '68. 
Noble,  G.  P.     W.  C. '65;  U.  S.  '68. 
Paton,  T. 
Renskers,  J.  G. 
Riley,  Is.     Y.  C.  '58;  U.  S.  '6i. 


1869. 


Ackerman,  Edward  G.     R.  C.  '66. 

Herman  C.     R.  C.  '66. 

mi  A.     R.  C.  '66. 
Brokaw.  Isaac  P.     R.  C.  '66. 
Hulst.  I      R.  C.  '66. 

ard,  lames  L.     R.  C.  '66. 
Van  Buskirk,  Peter  V.    R.  C.  '66. 
Van  Slyke,  John  G.    R.  C. '66. 

Hope  Seminary . 
Buursma.  A.     H.  C.  '66. 
Dangremond,  G.     H.  C.  '66. 
Gilmore,  W.  B.    H.  C.  '66. 
Moerdyk,  P.    H.  C.  '66. 
Moerdyk,  W      H.  C.  '66. 
Te  Winkle,  J.  W.     H.  C.  '66. 
Woltman,  H.    H.  1 


New  Brunswick  Seminary. 

I  G.    R.  < 

pbell,  James  B      R.  C.  '70. 
Church,  |c,'hn  B.     R.  C 
Kipp,  Petei  1:      U.  N.  Y.  '67. 
Mead,  Elias.     R.  C.  '68. 

W.C. '67. 
Suckow,  ('    i 

Hope  Seminary. 

De  Prec,  fas.     II.  C.  '67. 
a,  E    I.     II.  C.  '67. 
Huizinga,  I.     II.  1 
Van   Kss,  B,     Kampen. 


Bechthold,  A.  II. 

Branch, H. 

Danner,  J.  L.     Bel.  C.  '63  ;  U.  S.  '67. 

Ferris,  Wm. 

Gamble.  S.  T.     leff.  C.  '68  ;  P.  S.  '70. 

Ingersoll,  E.  P.     W.  C.  '55  ;  A.  S.  '63. 

Johnson,  W.  L.     Lincoln  Univ.  '69;  U.  S. 

Ludlow,  J.  M.     C.  N.  J.  '61  ;  P.  S.  '64. 

Mershon.  S.  L.    C.  N.  J.  '50 ;  P.  S.  '53. 

orr.  T.  X.     Teff.  C.  '57;  Allegh.  S.  '63. 

Peffers,  A.  B.     X   Y.  U.  '50;  U.  S.  '53- 

Shaw,  A.     U.  S.  '6q. 

Smith,  M.  B.     Epis.  Sem.  Va.  '59. 

Stockwell.  A.  P.     A.  C.  '62  ;  U.  S.  '63. 

Yiele,  J.  P.     U.  C.  '61;  P.  S.  '64. 

Wadsworth,  C.    U.  C.  '37 ;  P-  S. 


-)'■'• 


1870. 


Beattie,  R.  H.    U.  C.  '34. 
Carr,  W.  II. 

Crolius,  P.  B.    C.  C.  X.  Y. 
Crosby,  A.     R.  C.  '68  ;  N.  B.  S.  &  U.  S 
Cummings,  L. 
Pi  irsyth,  [as.  C 
Gleason,  W.  H.    Y.  C.  '53- 
Huntington,  H.  L.     C.  X.  J.  '50;  Aub.  S.  & 
P.  S.  '54. 

Lord,  E.    W.  C.  '43;  Aub.  S.  46- 

Losch, H. 

Myers,  A.  E.    W.  C.  '66;  N.  B.  S.  '67:  P.  S. 

'69  ;  U.  S.  '70. 
Ormiston,  W.     Victoria  C,  Cobourg  '48. 
Riges,  A.   B.    Jeff.  C.  '63;  Aub.  S. 

S.  '70. 
Williams,   R.  R.     I*.  S.  '70. 
Windemuth,  G. 
Wood,  A.     Dart.  C.  '34;  A.  S. 
Wolff,  C.  H.  H.     Aub.  S.  '70. 


APPENDIX. 


I06l 


New  Brunswick  Seminary . 

Bahler,  Peter  G.  M.     R.  C.  '68. 
Carroll,  Vernon  B.     R.  C.  '68. 
Crosby,  Arthur.    R.  C.  '68. 
Davis,  William  E.     R.  C.  '68. 
Hamlin,  Teunis  G.    U.  C.  '67. 
Oliver,  Matthew  N.    U.  C.  '57. 
Vanderveer,  Pet.  L.     R.  C.  '68. 
Van  Doren,  Wm.  H.     R.  C.  '67. 
Voorhees,  Louis  B.    C.  N.  J.  '68. 

Hope  Seminary. 

Broek,  J.     H.  C.  '68. 
Vanderkreeke,  G.     H.  C.  '68. 
Visscher,  Wm. 


1871-1880. 
1871. 


Other  Ministers. 


New  Brunsivick  Seminary. 
Cornet,  Edward. 
Doig,  Rober.     R.  C.  '69. 
Griffis,  William  E.     R.  C.  '69. 
Hart,  John.     R.  C.  '69. 
Hill,  William  J.     R.  C.  '70. 
Lodewick,  Edward.     R.  C.  '69. 
Schenck,  Ferd.  S.     C.  N.  J.  '65;  Al. 
S.  '67. 

Hope  Seminary . 
Borgers,  H.     H.  C.  '68. 
Vander  Hart,  E.     H.  C.  '69. 

New  Brunswick  Seminary . 
Anderson,  Asher.    R.  C.  '70. 
Garretson,  Geo.  R.    R.  C.  '70. 
Jones,  Charles  J.  K.     R.  C.  '70. 
Knickerbocker,  D.  M.     R.  2.  '70. 
Labaw,  George  W.     R.  C.  '69. 
Lasher,  Calvin  Ed.    R.  C.  '70. 
McLaury,  John  F.     R.  C.  '70. 
Pearse,  Nicholas.    R.  C.  '70. 
Pearse,  Richard  A.     R.  C.  '70. 
Schenck,  Jacob  W.     R.  C.  '70. 
Taylor,  Graham.     R.  C.  '70. 
Van  Deventer,  J.  C.     U.  N.  Y.  '70. 

Hope  Seminary . 
Boer,  H.  K.    H.  C.  '70. 
De  Bruyn,  P.     H.  C.  '70. 
De  Spelder,  J.  A.     H.  C.  '70. 
Zwemer,  J.  F.     H.  C.  '70. 

New  Brunswick  Seminary . 
Benson,  Aaron  W.     R.  C.  '71. 
Garretson,  James  C.    R.  C.  '71. 
Hageman,  Andrew.     R.  C.  '71. 
Todd,  William  N.    R.  C. '71. 
Veenschoten,  Wm.    H.  C.  '71. 
Wyckoff,  John  H.     R.  C.  '71. 

Hope  Seminary. 

Hoffman,  J.    H.  C.  '71. 
Neerken,  C.    H.  C.  '71. 


Beekman,  J.  S.    C.  N.  J. '57 ;  P.  S. '60. 
Choan-Thiang-Kit  {Chinese). 
De  Jonge,  W.  P. 

Griswold,  J.  V.     U.  C.  '65  ;  U.  S.  '68. 
Hutton,  A.  J. 
Keating,  T. 
Kershaw,  J.     U.  S.  '68. 
Lockwood,  J.  H.     W.  C.  '68;  P.  S.  '71. 
Magee,  G.  A. 
Mattice,  H. 
McAdam,  H. 
Nichols,  'Thos.     C.   N.  J.  '56;  U.  S.  '60  ;  A. 

S.  '61. 
Reichart,  J.  F. 
Schweitzer,  E. 

Snyder,  G.  M.     Ham.  C.  '68  ;  U.  S.  '71. 
Steffens,  N.  M. 
Tiong  Iuli  {Chinese). 
Vanderkley,  W. 
Van  Doren,  L.  H.     C.  N.  J.  '31. 
Voorhees,  L.  B. 
Weber,  Jac. 


1872. 


;  U.  S.  '70. 


Chambers,  T.  F.     C.  C.  N.  Y. 

Duiker,  A. 

Inglis,  D.     Edinburgh  Univ.  '41. 

Johnson,  Andrew. 

Park,  A.  J.    N.  Y.  U.  .63;  U.  S.  '66. 

Pool,  G.  H. 

Smart,  J.  G.     Am,  C.  '68;  P.  S.  '71. 

Stitt,  W.C.    C.  N.  J. '56;  P.  S. '60. 

Whitehead,  J.  H.     W.  C. '69  ;  U.  S.  '72. 

Young,  A.  H.     Miami  Univ.  '59  ;  Lane  S.'63. 


1873- 


Bagley,  F.  H.     Ham.  C. '70;  U.  S. '73. 
Dean,  A. 

Dosker,  N.  H.    Groningen  Univ.  '49, 
Francis,  L.    Univ.  of  Vt.  '56;  A.  S.  '60. 
Harris,  H.  R, 
Masden,  C.  P. 

Randies,  W.  N.    U.  C.  '59  \  Xenia  S.  '63. 
Van  Emmerick,  G.  I. 

Wolfe,  G.  L.     Danville  Sem.  Ky.  '6i ;  P.  S. 
'62. 


1874. 


Allen,  A.  W. 

Anderson,  C.  T.    C.  N.  J. '69;  P.  S. '73. 

Ball,  J.  A. 

Bartlett,  D.  K.    U.  C. '54;    P.  S. '58. 

Beekman,  A.  J.    C.  N.  J.;  U.  S. '74. 

Bell,  G.  B.    Y.  C.  '52  ;  U.  S.  '59- 

Butler,  A.  J. 

Dysart,  J.  P.    U.  C.  '65  ;  U.  P.  S.  '68. 

Evans,  C.  P. 

Ford,  W.  H.    U.S. '73. 

Fowler,  W.  C.    U.  S.  '70. 

Haines.  M.  L.     Wab.  C.  '71 ;  U.  S.  '74. 

Hulst,  L.  J. 

Miller,  E.  R.    C.  N.  J.  '67  ;  P.  S.  '70. 

Rederus,  F.     Kampen  '52. 


1062 


A1TENDIX. 


New  Brunswick  Seminary. 


( >//i,  r  Ministers. 

Ricke,  H. 

Sharpley,  G.     Homerton  C.  London. 
Saul,  G. 
Stoll,  A. 

Taylor,  G.I.    U.  C. '43?  U.  S. '47. 
Weiland,  K.  B. 

Williams,  R.  G.    C.  N.  J,  '70;  P.  S.  '73. 
Young,  C.  J. 
Handy,  W    C. 
Watermuelder,  L. 

Wood,  Chs.  W.     Roch.  Univ.  '64;  P.  S.  '67. 
Zindler,  G.     Miss.  House,  Franklin,  Wis. 
'74- 


1875. 


Craig,  Horace  P. 

Harper,  Joseph  Alex.     R.  C.  '73. 

Hoffman,  William  H.    R.  C.  '72. 

t,  William  J.     R.  C.  '72- 
Matthews,  Alg.  S. 
Miller,  Ben.  C.  Jr.    R.  C.  '7-'- 
Ries,  George  Adam.     R.  C.  '72. 
Van  Neste,  John  A.     R.  C.  '72. 
Van  Vranken,  H.  H.    M.  I*.  '-2. 

Hope  Seminary. 

Hazenberg,  W. 
Wormser,  A.     H.  C.  '72. 


Brunswick  Sem  inary. 
Allen,  Frederick  E.     R.  C.  '73. 

land,  George  H.    R.  C.  '73. 
Conklin,  John  W,    R.  C.  '71. 
Demarest,  James  S.  N.    R.  C.  '72. 
Devries.  Henry. 
Harris,  Howard,     R.  C.  '73. 
II     a  x hurst,  Danl  T.     R.  C.  '73- 
Killough,  Walter  W.     Dav.  C.  '73. 
Kirkpatrick,  M.  R.    Dav.  C.  '75- 
Martine,  Abram  I.    R.  C.  '73. 
Pitcher,   Charles  W.     R.  C.  "73. 
Schenck,  Isaac  S.     R.  C.  '73. 
Van  Aken,  Alex    G.     K.  C.  '73. 
Van  Allen,  Ira.     R.  C.  '73- 
Vanderwart,  H.    H.  C.  '73- 
Van  Fleet,  Jacob  O.    R.  C.  '73- 

Wallace,  W.  G.  F.     Dav.  C.    73- 
Wright,  Charles  S.    R.  C.  '73- 


Hope  Semitun  y 
Meulendyk,  1.    H.  C.  '73- 
Niess,  H.  E.    H.  C.  '73- 
Bakker,  F.  P. 

New  Brunswick  Seminary. 
Brokaw.  Ralph  W.     R.  C.  '74- 

In  us  Blwood.    R.  C.  [74. 
Gntweiler,  Krnest.    C.  C.  N.  Y.  '74. 

Higgins,  Charles  W. 

Kriekaard,  Cornel.    H.  C.  '74- 
Krueger,  Chas.  H.  T.    R.  C.  '74- 
Lansing,  John  G.-  U.  C.  '75. 
Laurence,  Wm.  H.    R.  C.  '74. 
Lydecker.  George  D.    R.  C.  '74. 
Marvin,  Fred.  R.,  M.D.    C.C.  Med.  D< 

pari  nient,  '70. 
Rederus.  Sipko.     Gym.  Kamp.  Neth. 
Streng    Samuel.     H.  C.  ' 


Betz,  W.  F. 

Bishop,  G.  S.     A.  S.   58  ;  G.  S.  &  P.  S 

Dickson,  H.  R.    Charleston  Col.  '58 

umbia  Sem.  '61. 
Elterich,  W.  L. 

Gardner.  J.  S.    C.  N.  J.  '71 ;  U.  S.  '76. 
Garretson.  G.  R.    R.  C. '70;  N.  B.  S. ' 

S.  '74. 
Hageman,J.  W.     C.  N.  J.  "72  ;  U.  S. 
Lang,  J.  E.    Swiss  Inst.  '65. 
McDermond,  C.  H. 
Neef,  G.  L. 

Perrv,  Wm.  D.     Am.  C.  70;  U,  S.  '74 
Schick,  G.  B. 
Thorns,  J.  F. 


,'  Col- 

71;  U. 

75- 


1876. 


Adams,  R.  L. 

Ashley,  A.  W. 

Bantlev.  John 

Cook,  W.  W.     R.  C.   73  ;  I-'-  S-  '76. 

Gulic,  Alexander. 

Handv,  W.  C.     C.  N.  J.  '53;  Danv.  S.  '57. 

Howell,  H.  A. 

Hoyt,  J.  H.    U.  C.  '73:  t'-  S.  -76. 

Hutchins,    J.     Univ.   Wis.   '73;    Alleg.   & 

U.  S.  '76. 
Kern,  F.    Leipzig  Univ. ;  Du  Buque  S.  '68. 
Martyn,  W.  C.    U.  S.  '69. 
Milliken,  R.  P. 
Ogden,  1.  G. 

Plumley,  G.  S.     Y.  C.  '50;  U.  S.  '55. 
Powell,"  H.  A.    U.  C.  '73  ;  U.  S.  '76. 
Shulke,  P.  F. 
Shaffer,  J.  F. 

Westerfield,  Wm.    C.C.  N.  Y.  '64;  U.S.  '68. 
Whitehurst,  J. 
Zubli,  E.  B. 


1877. 


7>- 

R.  C.  '74- 

Van  Halteren,  Jac.     H.  C.  '73. 

C.  C.  N.  Y. 


•avid  M 
en,  J; 
Van  Pelt,  Daniel 


Griffis,  W.   E.     R.  C.  '69  ;  N.   B.  S.  '69-'7oi 

U.  S.  '77- 
Lawrence,  E.  C.     U.C.  '69;  P.  S.   75- 
Llovd,  W.  S. 
McKinley,  G.  A. 
Meulendyk,  J. 
Nathaniel  M.  {Hindu.) 
Ogawa,  (/.'/) 
Okuno,  (Jap.) 
Rosenberg,  F.  W. 
Sehlegel   |. 
Schultz,  E. 
Warnshuis,  H.  W. 
Whitehurst,  T.     Brooklyn  Lay  C.  '75. 


APPENDIX. 


IO63 


Hope  Seminary. 

Pfanstiehl,  A.      H.  C. 
Vander  Ploeg,  H.     H.  C.  '74. 
Visscher,  J. 
Wabeke,  C.    H.  C.  '74. 

New  Brunswick  Seminary . 

Barr,  Robert  H.     R.  C.  '75. 
Dykstra,  Lawrence.     H.  C.  '75. 
Graham,  James  Ed.    R.  C.  '71. 
Griffin,  Walter  T.    R.  C. '75. 
Hendrickson,  H    A.     R.  C.  '75. 
Hoekje,  John.     H.  C.  '73. 
Janeway,  Harry  L.    R.  C.  '74. 
Kemlo,  James.    R.  C.  '75. 
Lockwood,  Louis  J.     R.  C.  '75. 
Oppie,  John.     R.  C.  '74. 
Pockman,  P.  T.     R.  C.  '75. 
Raymond,  A.  V.  V.      U.  C.  '75. 
Salisbury,  John  H.     R.  C.  '75. 
Searle,  John  P.     R.  C.  '75. 
Slocum,  George,  M.  D.    U.  C.  '72. 
Walser,  Oliver  H.     R.  C.  '75- 
Wyckoff,  Ben.  V.  D.     R.  C.  '75- 


Bergen,  John  H. 
Booth,  Eugene  S.     R.  C.  '76. 
Cox,  Henry  Miller,  R.  C.  '76. 
Ditmars,  C.  P.     R.  C.  '76. 
Dosker,  Henry  Elias.    H.  C.  '76. 
Duryee,  Joseph  R.     R.  C.  '74. 
House,  Isaac  E. 
Lawsing,  Sidney  O.     R.  C.  '74. 
Lyall,  John  Ed.     R.  C.  '76. 
Milliken,  Peter  H,    R.  C.  '76. 
Nasholds,  W.  H.     R.  C.  ,76. 
Schomp,  William  W.     R.  C.  '76. 
Staats,  Bergen  B.    R.  C.  '76. 
Sutphen,  James  G.     R.  C.  '75. 
Taylor,  William  R.     R.  C.  '76. 
Walden,  Islay. 


Oilier  Ministers. 


1878. 


Edmondson,  J. 

Enos,  C.  A.     Ham.  C.  '74  ;  U.  S.  '78. 

McLeod,  T.  B.    C.  N.  J. '70;  P.  S. '73. 

Matzke,  H. 

Mitchell,  S.  S.    C.  N.  J. '61  ;  P.  S. '64. 

Moore,  W.  L.    R.  C.  '54;  P.  S.  '57 

Offord,  R.  M. 

Reed,  E.  A.    Aub.  S.  '71. 

Schultz,  E. 

Sebastian,  S.  A.  {Hindu). 

Smart,  J.  G. 

Yasukawa  (Jap.) 

Yoshida  (Jap.) 


1879. 


Anderson,  Chs.     U,  C.  '40;  Aub.  S.  '43. 
Billingsley,  J.  A.      Waynesbrg.  C.  '78  ;  Y. 

S.  &  U.  S.  '80. 
Coe,  E.  B.     Y.  C.  '62  ;  Y.  S.  &  U.  S.  '63. 
Clearwater,  C.  K.      C.C.N.Y.  '76  ;  U.S.  '79. 
Dosker,  H.  E.     H.  C.  '76  ;  McCor.  S.  ,79. 
Fitzgerald,  T. 
Girtauner,  C. 
Kremer,  J. 

Lott,  L.  W.     C.  N.  J.  '76  ;  U.  S.  '79. 
McCorkle,  W.  R. 
Minor   A.  D.     R.  C.  '76. 
Polhemus,  I.  H.     Wms.  C.  '75  ;  U.  S.  '79. 
Rex,  H.  L. 
Young,  C.  J. 


Birdsall,  Edward. 

Force,  Frank  A.     H.  C.  '76. 

Hekhuis,  Lambertus.     H.  C.  '77. 

Herr,  Louis  T. 

Kolyn,  Matthew.    H.  C.  '77. 

Mason,  Alfred  D.     A.  C.  '77. 

Polhemus,  C.  H.     R.  C. '77. 

Vanderveer,  John  Q.     R.  C.  '77. 

Van  Doom,  Marinus. 

Van  Oostenbrugge,  G.  E.  C.     H.  C. 


Blaetgen,  J.     Mercersbrg.  &  Tiffin. 

Broadhead, W    H. 

Brown,  T.  S.    U.  C.  '44;  ?•  S.  '47- 

Brown,  W.  W.     Wms.  C. '66;  U.  S. '77. 

Cort.  C.   Fr.  &  Marshall  C.  '60;  Mers.  S.  '62. 

Davis,  Wesley.     Wesleyan  Univ.  Ct.  '68. 

Easton,  T.  C.     Edinburgh  Univ. 

Hopkins,  F.  E. 

King,  A.  A. 

Lloyd,  William. 

Moses,  N.  (Hindu). 

Reiner,  J.  H. 

Rubinkam,   R.  I. 

Smith,  Wm.     R.  C.  '63  ;  N.  B.  S.  '63-V 

Thatcher,  C.  O.     U.  C.  '64 ;  P.  S.  '67. 

William,  Ab.  (Hindu). 


Bogardus,  Henry  J.     R.  C.  '78. 
Groeneveld,  John  C.     H.  C. '78. 
Harmeling,  S.  J.     H.  C.  '78. 
Le  Fevre,  George.     R.  C.  '78. 
Owens,  James  Henry.     R.  C.   78. 
Tears,  Egbert.     R.  C.  '78. 
Vanderveer,  L.    U.  C.  '78. 
Vaughan,  Jonah.     R.  C.  '78. 
Williamson,  Wm.  H.     R.  C.  '73. 


1881-1890. 
1881. 


Anderson,  Wm.     R.  C.  '75;  P.  S.  '79. 

Blair,  H.  P. 

Evans,  C.  P. 

French, H. 

Goebel,  L.     Bloomfield  S.  80;  U.  S.  '81. 

Groneveld,  J.  C. 

Hill,  E. 

Hutton,  A.  J.     Wms.  C.  '66;  Aub.  S. '71. 

Klein,  C.  T.  A. 

Knox,  W.  W.     P.  U. '62;  P.  S.  '66. 

Kyle,  J.  R.    Miami  U.  '59;  Xenia  Sem. '63. 

Moelling,  P.  A. 

Nickerson,  N.  F.     U.  S.  '74. 


io<J4 


APPENDIX. 


Seminary. 


( Hher  Ministers. 

Schmolz,  C. 

Schwartzbach,  C.  H. 

Smyth,  <L   H.     X.  Y.  U.  '62;  Allegh.  S.  & 

P.  S.  '64. 
Terry,   Roderick.     Y.   C.   '70;  And.  S.   72; 

V.  S.  '75. 
Thomas,  M.     Wms.  C.  '67;  I  .  S.   69. 
Waters,   D.     Toronto  Univ.  '59;  Sem.  <>l 
r    P.  Ch. 


1882. 


Andrus,  John  C,     Coi     V.    73. 
Arnolt,  William  M.     S.  <.. 
Do  Bey,  Dirk  l<.hn.     H.  C.  '79. 
Gebha'rd,  John  (..     H.  C.  '78. 

an,  Herman,  Jr.     R.  C.    79- 
Hageman,  Peter  K.     K.  C.  '79- 
Kimura,  Kumage.     H.  C   7  ■■ 
Niemeyer,  George.    H.  C.  79. 
Oghimi,  Motoitero.  (Japanese.)  H.t  ■  79. 
Rockefeller,  DeW.  <-.     R.  C.  '7  . 
Scarlett,  |ohn.     R.  C.  '79- 

tick,  Cornelius.     R.  C.  '79- 
Scudder,  E.  C,  lr.    R.  C.  '79. 
Scudder.  William  H.     R.  C.  '78. 

Theodore.     R.  C.  '79. 
Stillwell,  !<>hn  L.     R.  C    '79. 
Van  Dyck,  Alex.  S.    C.  V.  N.  Y.  '79. 
Venema,  Ame.    H.  C.  '79- 

William.     C.  U.  I.  '79. 


Cruikshanks,   las.     V.  C.  '54:  And.  S.  '46. 
Mills,  R.  Fay. 
Parsons.  Andrew- 
Read,  E.  G.     C.  K.  1.  '61;   P.  S.  '65. 
Runk,  E.J.     C.  C.    79;  U.  S.  '82. 
Van  den  Hook,  J.  H. 

Wessels,  P.  A.    Wms.  C;   Drew  Sem.    :S 
Aub.  S 


Baas,  William  G.     H.  C.  '80. 
Cameron,  Herbert  H.     R.  C.  '80. 
Demarest,  Nathan  H.     R.  C.  '8c. 

Gowen,   Isaac  W.      R.  C.  '79. 
Hui/inga,  Abel  H.     H.  C. '80. 
e,  Clarence  M.     R.  C.  '80. 
1  •  w.     R.  C.  '80. 
Edwin  F.     R.  C.  '8o. 
Staehli,  fohn. 

-man,  Abraham.     H.  C.  '8o. 
.  han,  William.     R.  C.  '80. 


1883. 

Andrea;,  G.     N.  W.  Col, '76 ;  Eden.  Sem. '72. 

Borden,  E.  W. 

Chapman,  J.  W.    Lake  For.  Uni/79:  Lane 

Sem.  '82. 
Curtis,  M.  M.     Ham.  C.  '80  ;  U.  S.  '83. 
De  Jonge,  J.  B.     H.  C.  '80;  McCor.  S.  '83. 
Dickson,  J-  M.     Dart.  C.  '53  ;  U.  S.  '57. 
Ganss,  J.J.    Bassel, '79;  Karl's  Schule,  '8o 
Hagar,  A.  H.     Bloomrieid  Sem.  '83. 
Huyzer,  G. 

Kavanaijh,  I.  F.  E.     P.  S.  '83. 
King.  J.'F.     C.  C.  N.  Y.  '79;  U.  S.  '83. 
Lubach,  W. 
.McGibbon,  A.  W. 
McGiffert,  W.  11.    Aub.  S.  '58. 
Masillamani,  A.  (Hindu.) 
Meury,  E.  A.    Bloomfield  Acad.  &  Sem.  133. 
Murgatroyd,  E.  R.   C.  C.  N.  Y.  '79  ;  U.  S.'83. 
Noyes,  S.D.    Am.  C. '66. 
Shook,  H.  H. 
Smit,  John. 
Terbourg,  I.  E. 
Van  Dyck,  E.  I>.     N"    Y.  V.  '80.  U.  S.  '83. 


1884. 


Conklin,  .Marion  T.     R.  C.  '81. 
1        R.  C.  '81. 

]>h  P.      V.  C.  Si. 

1  est,  Alfred  H.     R.  C.  '79- 
Dutton,  Charles  S.    H.  C. '81. 

stavus.     A    l  >   B.  '81. 
Hundhawsen,  Ernest. 
Kc, miners,  Tinis  |ohn.     H.  C,    Si. 

B,  [oel.     l-:.  C.  '81. 

I    1    barks.      A.  G.  "79. 

Ruhl,  Frederick  W      K.  C.  '7o-'72. 

litz,  William,  Jr.     R.  C.  '81. 
Smitz,  Bastian.    H.  C. '81. 

e  H      R.  C.  '81. 
Taylor,  Livingston  L.    R.  C.  '81. 
Underwoo  N.  V.  '81. 

Verbrycke,  I.  R.    R.  C.  "8i. 

I  , a'rr.t,  lr.     R.  C.  '81. 


Bailev,  J.  W. 

Guenther,  J.  C.    Bloomfield  C.  '76;  Sem. '79- 

Gulick,   fac. 

Haines,  F.  S.     C.  N.  I.  '78;  U.  S.  '83. 

Johnson,  A.    C.  N.  I.  '72  ;  P.  S.  &  U.  S.  '75 

Joldersma   R.H.   H.C'81;  McCor.  Sem. '84. 

Manchee,  Wm.  Hackney  C.  &  Sem.,  Lon- 
don, Eng. 

•Martin,  1>.  H.     C.  C.  N.  Y.   81  :  U.  S.  -84. 

Riggs,  T.  F.     C.N.  J. '72;  U.S. '78. 

Schmidt,  N. 

Unglaub,  H.  Bloomfield  Acad.  '80;  Bl. 
Sem.  '83. 

Van  Houte,  Jacob. 

Yeenker.G.  Miss  1 1  ..use.  Franklin,  Wis. 
'82. 


APPENDIX. 


1065 


New  Brunswick  Seminary. 

Beekman,  Theo.  A.     R.  C.  '82. 
Chamberlain,  W.  I.    R.  C.  '82. 
Cranmer,  William  S.    R.  C.  '82. 
Fagg,  John  G.     H.  C.  '81. 
Gillespie,  John  H.     R.  C. '82. 
Moffett,  Edwin  O.     R.  C.  '82. 
Morrison,  John.     R.  C.  '82. 
Mulford,  H.  Du  Bois.    R.  C    '81. 
Pitcher,  Philip  W.     R.  C.  '82. 
Skellenger,  D.  W.     R.  C.  "82, 


1885. 


Other  Ministers. 


Darrach,  W.  B. 

De  Bruyn,  J.  A. 

De  Mont,  W.  A.     R.  C.  '80;  U.  S.  '85. 

Erhardt,  F.  C.    Bloomfield  C.  '79  ;  Sem.'82. 

Janssen,  R. 

Jones,  C.  H.     N.  Y.  U.  '82  ;  U.  S. -85. 

Koechli.  F. 

Long,  E.  C.    Cumb.  Univ.  '79  ;  Cumb.  bem. 

'81  ;  U.  S.  '82. 
Millett,  S. 

Murray,  C.  P.    C.  N.  J.   72  !  P-  S.  '75. 
Scudder,  L.  R.   C.  N.  J. '82;  Hartford  S. '85. 
Teller,  H.  W.     R.  C,  P.  S. 
Ti  Peng  (Chinese). 
Whitney,  W.  W. 
Zwemer,  F.  J.     H.  C.  '80;  McCor.  S.  '85. 


1886. 


A  vler,   Tunius  C. 
Bfekkink,  E.  John.     H.  C.  '83. 
Brandon,  J.  Henry.     R.  C.  '83. 
Collier,  George  Z.    R.  C.  '83. 
Dyk,  Jacob.    H.  C.  '83. 
Laubenheimer,  John.     R.  C.  '83. 
Oltman,  S.  Albert.    H.  C.  '83. 
Palmer,  Robert  V.     R.  C.  '83. 
Stapelkamp,  Evert  W.    H.  C.  '83. 
Williams,  David  F. 

Western  Seminary. 
Scholten,  D.     H.  C.  '83,  N.  B.  S.  '83-4. 

New  Brunswick  Seminary. 
Arnolt,  Edward  M.     G.  R.  M.  H.  '84. 
Beekman,  Peter  S.     R.  C.  '84. 
Beyer,  Edward  T.     C.  U.  I.  '84. 
Crispell,  Peter.     R.  C.  '84. 
Davis,  George.     R.  C.  '84. 
Dickhaut,  D.  E.     R.  C.  '84. 
Thompson,  John  A.     R.  C.  '84. 
Van  Brackle,  Henry.     R.  C.  '84. 

Western  Seminary. 
De  Jonge,  G.     H.  C.  '82. 
Hogenboom,  S. 
Hospers   G.  H.     H.  S.  '84. 
Ihrman,  P.     H.  S.  '82. 


New  Brunswick  Seminary. 
Allen,  J.  M.     R.  C.  '8s. 
Boocock,  W.  H.     R.  C.  '85. 
Demarest.  W.  H.  S.     R.  C.  '83. 
DeVries,  J.  H.     R.  C. '83. 
Myaki,  Aragi.     D.  E.  S. 

Western  Seminary. 
Hekhuis.  G.  J.     H.  C.  '85. 
Vanden  Berg,  A.     H.  C.  '85. 
Wayenberg,  P.     H.  C.  '85. 


Bergen,  J.  T.     R.  C. '83 ;  U.  S. '86. 

Henderson,  W.  J.     C.  N.  J.  '70;  P.  S.  *73. 

Hill,  W.  B.     Har.  C.  '79  ;  ^T.  S.  '86. 

Junor,  K.  F.     Toronto  Univ.  '69  ;  U.  S.  '73. 

Kittridge,  A.  E.    Wms.  C.  '54  ;  And.  S.  '59. 

McCullom,  E.  A. 

Niehoff,  J. 

Rankin,  J.  J.   Wms.  C. '76;  U.  S.  &  P.  S. '80. 

Schaefer,  F. 

Sewall,  A.  C.     W.  C.  '67  ;  Aub.  S.  '70. 

Trimmer,  J.  A. 


1887. 


Boggis,  H. 

Brown,  F.  A.  M.     U.  C.  '60  ;  U.  S.    63. 

Bruce,  W.  P.     R.  C.  '84  ;  U.  S.  '87. 

Diephuis,  Jac.     Kampen  S.  '65. 

Elliker,  S. 

Freund,  J.  W. 

Hinds,  H.  C. 

Hogeboom,  S.  M. 

Tohn,  C.  C.  A.  L. 

Knox,  T.     C.  C.  '82;  U.  S.  '86. 

Millett,  Joseph.    Wesleyan  Inst.  Eng.  '72. 

Schaefer,  D.     Miss.  House  Coll.  Wis.  '82. 

Smith,  M.    U.  C.  '65:  U.  S.  '67;  Lane  S.  '68. 

Tracey,  W.  H.     Aub.  S.  '82. 

Ziegler,  A.  <l. 


1888. 


Allen,  P.  A. 

Barnum,  F.   S.      Wesley   Univ.,   Middle- 
town,  Conn.  '59. 
Baumeister,  J. 

Beaver,  J.  P.     Urs.  C.  '80;  Aub.  S.  '83. 
Bever,  A.  F.     Dub.  C.  '76  ;  Dan.  S.  '79. 
Brooks.  J.  W.     R.  C. '81  ;  U.  S. '84. 
Burrows,  C.  W. 

Chapin,  C.  B.     C.  N.  J. '76;  U.  S. '80. 
Cobb,  H.  E.     R.  C. '84;  P.  S.  '88. 
Crousas,  J.  S. 
Davis,  Geo. 
Duiker,  Roeloff. 
Dunlap,  John. 
Gesman,  N.  J. 
Gibson,  J.  R. 

Jones,  C.  A.     Am.  C.  '85 ;  U.  S.  '88. 
Kinney,  C.  W. 

Leland.  H.  D.  L.     Y.  C. '85 ;  U.  S.  '88. 
Lloyd,  J.  E      C.  N.  J.  '74  i  P-  S.  '77. 
Macardell,  G.  E.     U.  C;  Alton.  Sem. 
Morton,  T.     Mad.  U.  '79  I  U.  S.  '89. 
Norris,  J.  A.    R.  C.  '82  ;  U.  S.  '85. 
Palmer," F.     Ham.  C.  '81  ;  Aub.  S.  '88. 


io66 


Al'l'KNDlX. 


New  Brunswick  Seminary. 


I  amine,  Jas.     U.  C.  '83. 
('list,  C.  1>. 

■1,  G.  H.     Western  Col.  Iowa. 
Duiker,  W.J.    H.C. -86. 
hammers,  B.  W.     H.  C.  '86. 
Phelps,  P.  T.    H.  C. '82. 
Tilton,  E.     N.  Y.  U.  '86. 

Western  St  ■  m  in  a  ry . 
Bloemendaal,  R. 
Strabbing,  A.  H.    H.  C.  '80. 

Arcot  Seminary,  India. 
Kleven  received  in  Junior  Class. 


.Yew  Brunswick  Seminary. 
Andrew,  I..  C. 
Purbeck,  G.  W.    U.  C.  '87. 
Herman,  A.  B.     R.  C.  '87. 
Johnston,  Wni.     Cjueens  Col,  Ontario. 
Schwartz,  M.  f.    Berlin  Miss.  House '81 

Ider,  P.  S'.    R.  C. '85. 
Talmage,  G.  E.     R.  C.  '86. 
Zwemer,  S.  M.    H.  C.  '87. 

Western  Seminary. 

Bouma,  P.  G.  A. 

Lumkes,  J.  A. 

Van  Zanten,  I.  J.     H.  C.  '80. 

.  Ircot  Seminary. 
No  graduates,  but  thirteen  students. 


(  Hher  Ministers. 

Porter,  C.  F.     Ham.  C.  '84;  Aub.  S.  '87. 
Sangree,  H.  H.     Mercersb.  C.  '80  ;  U.  S.  '83. 
Schock,  T.J.     Wesleyan  Univ.,  Ct.  '76. 
Thyne,  J.  B. 
Van  Hetloo,  E. 
1889. 

Denman,  M.  A.     W.  &  Jeff.  C.  '82  ;  P.  S.  '86. 

Dowling,  G.  T.     Ham.  C;  Crozier  Sem. 

Emmerick,  I.  P. 

George,  H.  W. 

Grant,  W.  D.     Knox  Coll.  "84;  U.  S.   87. 

Hartig,  F.     Bloomfield  Sem.  '79. 

Jacobs,  C.  W. 

Keerl,  |.  1. 

Mollenbeck,  B.     l)u  Buque  S.  '70. 

Nicolai.  N. 

Pool,  Wm.     Dubuque  Sem.  '89. 

Root,  Oren.     Ham.  C.  '56. 

Rudolph,  J.     Bloomfield  S.  '75. 

Schmidt,  H.  T. 

Sonnema,  C.  J. 

Thomas,  E.  E.     Brown  Univ.  '70;  Newton 

Th.  Inst.  '73. 
Vennema.  S.  A. 

1890. 

Beattie,   Jas.    A.     Glasgow    Univ.    '85;    P. 

S.  '89. 
Daily,  W.  N.  P.     U.  C  -84 ;  Hartford  S.  '87. 
Ford,  H.     U.  S.  'go. 
!.      Farrar,  J.  McC.  N.     Wesminster  C.  '75  :  P- 

S.  '78. 
Gordon,  M.  R. 
Haan,  E.  R. 
Hallenbeck,  E.  F. 
Hill,  A. 

John.  E.  (Hindu). 
Jongeneel,  Jas. 
Peter,  J.  (Hindu). 
Peter,  M.  (Hindu). 
Peters,  M.  C. 
Lazar,  I.  (Hindu). 
McCready,  R.  H. 
Morgan,  J.  F.     Taylor  Univ.;  Ch.  Bib.   In- 

stit.  '84. 
Muni,  Ab.  (Hindu). 

Palmer,  Jas.     Wash.  &  Jeff.  C.  '87  ;  U.S. '90. 
Paramanandam,  G.  (Hindu). 
Raji,  Jacob  (Hindu). 
Schoon, S.   H. 
Smidt,  H.  J. 
Stuart,  Wm.     Free  Ch.  Coll.,  Halifax,  59  • 

Free  Ch.  Theolog.  Hall,  Halifax,  '62. 
Sullivan,  A.  ].     LaF.  C.  '75:  U.  S.  '78. 
Wick,  R.  K.     Westm.  C  '82  ;  U.  S.  '86. 


New  Brunswick  Seminary. 
A, lam-,.  W.  T.  F.     N.  Y.  U.  '88. 
Beardslee,  W.  A.    R.  C.  '88. 

\V    S.     R.  C.  '87. 
Bombin,  |.   Cniv.Konigsberg,  Prussia. 
Brandow,  M.  D      R  ,  C.  '88. 

11,  A.  C.     Bliiestone  Acad. 
ain,  L.  1'..     R.  C.  '86. 
Cunningham,  S.  R.  Temple  Coll., Phil. 
Demarest,  S.  D.  I'..     K.  C.  '87. 
1  tasewaarde,  M.     H.C  '88. 
Sharpley,  H.  G.    R.  C.  '88. 
Van   Westenberg,  J.     H.  C.  '88. 
0.  M.     R.  C.  '88. 
PS      R.  C.  '88. 
Winn.,  1.  F.     U.  C.  '88. 
Wyckoff,  C.  S.     K.  C.  '8x. 
Wyckoff,  C    K. 


1891-1900. 
1891. 


Asliley,  B.  F. 

Beattie,  R.  H.  C.  N.  J.  '85  ;  P.  S. '91. 

Bruschweiler,  Jac. 

Burrell,  D.    J.  Y.  C.  '67;  N.  W.  S.  '6S  ;  U 

Cole,'p7°H.     U.  C.  '88;  U.  S.  '89. 
French,  J.  W. 
Harris,  D.  T. 

Johnson,  E.  P.     Wab.  C.  '71  ;  Aub.  S.  '75- 
Knox,  [.  C.     U.  C.  '90;  Aub.  S.  &  U.  S.  '9t. 
MacQueen,  P.    C.  N.  J.  '87;  U.  S.  1900. 
Morris,  J.  N. 
Van  Burk,  J.     Oberlin  S.  '91. 


APPENDIX. 


I067 


Western  Semi  miry. 

Klooster,  F.     H.  C.  '88. 
Lamar,  J.     H.  C.  '88. 
Pieters,  A.     H.  C.  '87. 
Straks,  H.     Normal  Schl.  '75. 

Arcot  Seminary . 
No  graduates. 

New  Brunswick  Seminary. 

Burkart,  J.  J. 

DeWitt,  J.  T.  E.     R.  C.  '89. 

Hieber,  L.     R.  C. 

Jones,  H.  T. 

Luckenbill,  G.  A. 

Muilenberg,  r.  W.     H.  C.  '89. 

Seibert,  G.  G.    N.  Y.  U.  '89. 

Stegeman,  Wm.    H.  C.  '89. 

Thompson,  E.  W.     R.  C.  '89. 

Vernol,   T.   P.      Normal    Schl.,    Phil 

Pa.  '89. 
Winant,  W.      R.  C.  '92- 
Zwemer,  P.  J.     H.  C.  '88. 

Western  Seminary . 
Van  Duine,  A.  M.     H.  C.  '89. 
Arcot  Seminary.. 

Aiyavu,  P. 
Chellam,  S. 
Nathaniel,  E.  M. 
Sautosham,  S. 
Shelvam,  J. 
Tavamani,  E. 
Yesuratnam,  J. 


( )ther  Ministers. 


1892. 


Allen,  C.  J.     LaF.  C.  '89;  U.  S.  '92. 
Allen,  J.  S.     Westminst.  C.  '82  ;  U.  S.  '85. 
Birchby,  H.  G.    LaF.  C.  '81 ;  U.  S.  '84. 
Burrill,  G.  H.    Har.  C.  '79 ;  U.  S.  '84. 
Clapp,  E.     Ursinus  C.  '89  ;  U.  S.  '90  ;  Ursi- 

nus  S.  '91. 
Dixon,  Jos. 

Ennis,  H.  W.     R.  C.  '90 ;  U.  S.  '92. 
Giffen,  J.     U.  S.'93- 
Gliddon,  A.  M. 
Gorby,  I.  I. 
Hainer,  J,  A. 

Harsha,  W.  J.     C.  N.  J.  '74  ;  McCor    S.  '77- 
Hones,  L.  W. 

Hulbert,  P.  S.     Wab.  C.  '76  ;  Aub.  S.  '79. 
Hunter,  D.  M.     C.  C.  N.  Y.  '77  ;  U.  S.  '80. 
Hunter,  Jas.     C.  N.  J.  '89  ;  U.  S. '92. 
Hynson,  N.  D.     John  Hop   U.  '90;  U.  S.  '93. 
Inglis,  T.  E.     Toronto  C.  '81  ;  P.  S.   84. 
Koster,  S.  J.    Gr.  Rapids  S.  '92. 
Krauscht  r,  F.  J, 
Lyman-Wheaton,  H.  P. 
Maar,  Chs.     R.  C.  '89  ;  Aub.  S.  '92. 
McClelland,  T.  C.    N.  Y.  U.  '89;  U.  S.  92. 
Miller,  G.  H. 
Miller,  M. 
Schilstra,  S.  A.     Rotterdam  Miss.  Assoc. 

'90. 
Schlegel,  C.     Bloomfield  S.  95. 
Smith,  A.  J. 
Vander  Kam,  P. 
Yetter,  G. 


1893. 


New  Brunswick  Seminary, 
Duncombe,  A.     R.  C. 
Fhpse,  M.    H.  C,  '90. 
Folmsbee,  G.  J.     R.  C.  '90. 
Hogan,  O.  J. 
Hospers,  H.     H.  C,  '89. 
Jacobs,  W.  M.  C. 
Sperling,  Is.    R.  C.  '90. 
Tompkins,  W.  B.     R.  C.  '88. 
Van  Arsdale,  E.  B.     R.  C.  '90. 
Van  Kampen,  Isaac.     H.  C.  '90. 
Van  Orden,  J.  S.     R.  C. '90. 
Van  Zee,  C.  W.     R.  C.  '90. 
Ward,  W.  D.     R.  C.  '90. 

Western  Seminary . 

Menning,  S.  J.     H.  C. 
Pietenpol,  H.  J.     H.  C.  '90. 
Siegers,  P.    Middleburg  Gym.  '84. 

Arcot  Seminary. 
Jatinayakam,  N. 
Vedanaykam,  S.  (Died  '92). 


Adam,  J.  D.     Ed.  Univ.  '90. 

Barney,  W.  F. 

Bates,  W.  H.     Ham.  C.  '65  ;  Aub.  S.  '68. 

Bollenbacher,  J. 

Bruins,  W.  H.     H.  C.  '90;  McCor.  S.  '93. 

Conant,  C.  A.  U.  C.  '60;  Bangor  S.  & 
Aub.  S.  '63. 

Ficken,  J. 

Fieck,  J. 

Guenther,  A. 

Guhck,  N.  J. 

Haken,  G. 

Huenemann,  Jac.  Miss.  House  Col., 
Franklin,  Wis.  '87  ;  Sem.  '90. 

Jensen, J. H. 

Johnson,  T.  C. 

Krueger,  H.  T.     Dubq.  S.  '93. 

Laidlaw,  W.     Toron-.o  Univ.  '81;  P.  S    '84. 

Lee,  T.  I.     Y.  C;  Y.  S. 

Lowe,  T.  O.    Farmers  Coll.,  Cincinnati  O. 

Martyn,  F.  F.  C.  C.  '91  ;  U.  S.  '92  ;  Divini- 
ty Sch.,  Chicago  '93. 

Mershon,  A.  L.     C.  N.  J.  !87 ;  P.  S.  '92. 

Mills,  A.  W. 

Muller,  M. 

Pease,  C.  B.  F. 

Peeke,  H.  V.  S.  H.  C.  '87;  N.  B.  S.  '92; 
Aub.  S.  '93. 

Rogers,  J.  A.     Syr.  Univ.  '91  ;  Aub.  S.'  94. 

Selden,  E.  G.     Y.  C.  '70  I  Aub.  S.  '73. 

Sherwood,  N.  M.     N.  B    S.  '61-2  ;  U.  S.  '64. 

Whittaker,  C.  H. 


AITENI'l.V 


Vew  Brunswick  Seminary. 

Betten,  D.  L.     H.  C.  '90;  Mich.  Univ. 

.  .  K    0      R.  C.  '91. 
Duryee,  Ai>.     R.  C.  "8g    91. 
Hasbrouck,  H.  C.     R   C.  '91. 

,  J.  S.     R.  I 
Hopper,  A.  \V.    R.  C.  V- 
Lockwood,  II.    R    C.  '91. 
Mabon,  A.  F.    R  C.  '90. 
Palmer,  C,  L.    R.  C.  '90- 
Raven,  I.  H.     R.  C.  '91. 
Roberts,  II.  B.     R.  I  .      1 
Searle,  K.  V.  V.     R.  C. 
Strong,  W.  V.  I).     R.  I 

Western  Seminary. 
Sietsema,  J.    H.  C.  '91. 
Winter,  J.  P.     H.  C.  '91. 

AfCOt  Seminary. 
raduates. 


i8q4. 


Other  Ministers. 


C.  '82;  Hartford  S.  '85. 


New 


Brunswit  k  Seminary. 
.    Ackert,  W.  R.    R.  C.  '92. 
\Baker.  W.  S. 

Berg,  J.  P.    R.  C. '92. 

C. mover,  < '. .  M.      R.  C.  '92. 

.sin,  C.  E.     R.  C.  '92. 
Dyke,  C.  P.    R-  C.  '92. 

,  Mitsuye  {Japanese).     K.L.  92. 
bchild,  F.  K.     Miss.  Col.,  Sheboyj  an 

w   s 
Thnrston,  J.  A.     R,  C. 

Western  Seminary. 

ak,  G    H.     H.  C.  '92. 
|ones.  J.  R.     Park  Coll.  '92- 
Luxen,  I.    H.  C.  '92. 
1  tosterhoff.  A.    II.  C.  '92. 
Reeverts,  A.  1.    H.  C.  '92. 
Sctailstra,  E.  S.    Gymnasium,  Rotter- 

Steffens,  C.  M.    H.  C.  '92, 
Vanderploeg,  H.     H.  1 
Vander  Wert, S.  Grand  RapidsTh.  Sc 
Veldman,  II.  J.    H.  C.  '92. 

Arcot  Seminary. 

.  M. 
Sundram.  M. 

Wilkins,  J. 

Brunswick  Seminary. 
Bird.  A    C. 

I      w.     u.  C.  '93- 
n  R.  C.  '93. 

Dekker,  P.  G.     Kampen,  '92. 

S,  L. 
Kuipei ,  A      1 1    I 
Malven,  V.     R.  C.  '93. 
Messier,  I.    R.  C.  '93- 

.  \1.   |.     Il.-i.l.  Univ.,  Tiffin 
Schlieder,  A.  H.     R.  C.  '93- 

l,v,  H.  E.  R.  C.  93. 
Van  Hee,  I.  I.  R.  C.  '93- 
Willoughby,  H 

Western  Seminary. 
Huizinga,  H.     H.  C.  '93. 
ranssen,  W.  T.    H.C. '93- 


i      Coombs,  W. 
Douwstra,  II. 
Frazer,  A.  D.  D.     I",  b.  94- 
Franzen,  L.  H. 
Green,  E.  W.     V 
I  lauser,  G. 
I  [eines,  C. 
Hock,  F.  W. 
Hudson,  J.  M. 

Hume,  J.  C.    C.  N.  J.  '77;  P.  S.  '80. 
Lipes,  H.  H. 
Mackay,  D.  S.    Glasgow  Univ.  85 

College,  Edinburgh. 
Niemeyer,  G. 

Xiles,  Ed.     Wins.  C.  '91  ;  U.  S.  '94. 
( takes,  C.  A.     La  F.  C.  '91  :  U.  S.  '93. 
Poppen,  Jac.     H.  C.  '82;   P.  S.  '93. 
Prentice,  S.     Am.  C.  '91  i   U.  S.   94. 
Ralston,  E.  S. 

Rust,  E.  C.  _     , 

Schenck,   I.   V.    W.     Westminster   C.    64; 

P.  S.  '67. 
Spaulding,  A.     R.  C.  '90  ;  I  .  S.  '93. 
Teichrieb,  II. 
Van  den  Bosch,  T.  M. 
Worrall,    H.    R.    I..     R.C.S4;    Dartmouth 

Med.  Col.  '9<- 
Wright,  F.  II.  {Indian.) 

1895- 

Bayles,  J.  O,     Northwood  Col.,  Ohio,  '57  ; 

"Allegh.  S.  '6o. 
Bechger,  A.  V.  W. 

Bergmans,  J.  C.    Albion  C;  Y.  S.  91. 
Bradshaw,  A.  H.    Franklin  C.  '92;  P-  S.  '95. 
t'hrestensen,  D.  H. 

Clark,  T.  L.     Lincoln  U.  '91  ;  U.  S.  '94. 
De  Beer,  J. 
Dragt,  J.J. 
(iaston,  Jos. 
Linton.  J.  C 
K'ain,  P.  I. 
Mclntyre,  Jos. 

Ossewardie,  Jas.     H.C.  "90;  P.  S.  94. 
Poot,  J.  W. 

Schaul,  U.  S.     Univ.  Pa.  '92  ;  U.  b.   95. 
Shetland,  W.  II. 
Solomon,  I.  {.Hindu). 
Te  Grootenhnis,  D.  J. 
Van  Blarcom.  G. 


1896. 

Bailev,  H.  b.     Heid.  C.  '88;  Heid.  S.  '90- 

Bender,  A.  F.     Bloomfield  S.  '96. 

Ii.n  is,  L.  E.     Neb.  Univ.;  Adrian  C.  '77- 

De  longe,  J.  L.     H.  C.  '93  ;  P.  S.  '96. 

De  Witz,  C.  F. 

Duckworth,  Jos. 

Fletcher,  O.  T.     Ham.  C.  '92  ;  U. 


Farr.  J     McC,     C.N.    I 
Heineger,  J. 
Hooute,  J.  H. 
Hooper,  "I.  I". 
Kingsbury,  L. 
Mackensie,   T 
C,  Ind.,  "88 
Makelv,  1  r, 
Neal,  R. 
Peters,  J.  D. 


90 


p.  b 


b.  '95- 
'91. 


11      Wms,  C;   Monmouth 
P.  b.  '91. 


APPKNIMX. 


I069 


Western  Seminary. 

Miedema,  W.     H.  C.  '93. 
Schaefer,  J.     H.  C.  '93. 
Te  Paske,"J.  W.     H.  C.  '93. 
Wolfius,  William.     Grand  Rapids  Th. 
Schl. 

Arcot  Seminary. 
Aaron,  J. 
Cornelius,  S. 
Daniel,  J. 
Jacob,  S. 
Muni,  D. 
Thomas,  B. 
Whitehead,  C. 


New  Brunswick  Seminary. 

Barney,  F.  J.     R.  C.  '94. 
Bedford,  C.  V.  W. 
Compton,  W.  E.     R.  C.  '94. 
Dixon,  C.  M.     R.  C.  '94. 
Doremus,  G.  S.  M. 
Dykema,  K.  J. 
Forbes,  J.  C. 
Foster,  J.  W. 
Lansing,  R.  A. 
McCully,  E.  I. 
Miller,  H.    R.  C.  '94- 
Mohn,  O.  L.  F.     R.  C.  '94. 
Tompkins.  I.  S.    R.  C.  '94. 
Scudder,  C.  J.     R.  C.  "89. 
Scudder,  H.  J.     R.  C.  'qo. 
Scudder,  W.  T.    R.  C.  '92. 


H.  C.   94. 


U.  C.  '94. 
R.  C.  '94. 


Western  Seminary. 
Broekstra,  M.  E.     Kampen,  Neths. 
De  Groot,  D.    Neths.  Gym. 
Jougewaard,  C.  A.    Iowa  C.  '93. 
Swart,  P.     H.  C.  '94. 
Te  Selle,  T-  W.     H.  C.  '94-  , 
Van  Arendonk,  A.     H.  C.  '94. 


Arcot  Seminary. 


No  graduates. 


Other  Ministers. 

Otte,  J.  A.    H.  C.  &  Mich.  Univ. 

Park,  C.    La  F.  C.  '76;  U.  S.  '78  ;  P.  S.  '79. 

Scoville,  F.  C.     A.  C.  '75  ;  U.  S.  '78. 

Smith,  Henry.     Oakwood  S.  '81. 

Souri,  J.  (Hindu.) 

Stevenberg,  Jas.     H.  C.  '93;  P   S.  '96. 

Yander  Meulen,  J.  M.     H.  C.  '91  :  P.  S.  '95  : 

McCor.  S.  '96. 
Watson,  C.  S. 
Wolvius.  Wm.     Grand   Rapids  Th.  Schl. 

•93;  W.  S.  '96. 


1897. 


Bluhm,  C.    Col.  LTniv.  '95  ;  U.  S.  '97- 

Clifton.  S.  T.    LaF.  C. '94;  U.  S. '98. 

Doyle,  D.  P.     Mt.  Hermon  Sch. 

Drake,  E.  A.     Lake  For.  C.  '94  ;  Aub.  S/97. 

Howland,  S.  W.    A.  C. '70 ;  U.  S. '73- 

Hutchinson,  J.  N. 

Israel,  G.  R. 

Junor,  D.     Toronto  Univ.  '66. 

Koerlin,  E.  F. 

Myles,  W.  G 

Roe,  W.  C. 

Samuel,  T.  (Hindu). 

Sigafoos.  O.  L.     LaF.  C.  "94  ;  U.  S.  '97- 

Stone,  G.  E.    Ham.  C.  '95  ;  Aub.  S.  '98. 

Swart,  P. 

Thorman,  E.  H. 

Tyndall,  C.  H.     Wms.  C.  '82  ;  Aub.  S.  '85. 

Tvsse,  G.     H.  C.  '94;  P.  S.  "97. 

Van  der  Erve,  J.     H.  C.  '95  ;  W.  S.  95-6;  P. 

S.  '96-7. 
Van  Haagen,  H.  C. 

Van  Kersen,  W.  J.     H.  C.  '94  ;  P- S.  '97. 
Webster,  W.  S.  C.     C.  N.  J.  '64  ;  P.  S.  '69. 


1898. 


Nezv  Brunswick  Semi  miry. 

Allen,  H.  B. 

Atwater,  J.  P.     N.  Y.  U.  '95. 
Bayles,  T.  F.     U.  C.  '95- 
Dangremond,  G.  C.     H.  C.  '95. 
Ficken,  H.  C.     Bloomfield  Acad. 
Flikkema,  G.     Univ.  Nebraska  '95. 
Freer,  H.  A. 
Gulick,  C.  W.    R.  C.  '95- 
Heemstra,  J.  F.     H.  C.  ,95. 
Spaer,  H.  H.     Bloomfield  Acad. 
Yandermeulen,  John.     H.  C.  '95. 
Weber,  H.  C.    R.  C.  '95. 

Weste?-n  Seminary. 
Dejong,  A.  W.    Neths. 
Dykhuizen,  H.     H.  C.  '95. 
Engelsman,  J.     H.  C.  '95. 
Frieling.  H.     Grand  Rapids  '95. 
Gruys,  Wm.     H.  C.  '95. 
Hoffman,  B.     H.  C.  '95. 
Te    Grootenhuis,    T.    H.  E.       Kampen, 
Neths. 

Arcot  Seminary. 

David,  J.  I. 
John,  Jos. 
Thomas,  S. 
Timothy,  L  P. 


Boetcher,  W.  H.  J. 

Bruins,  H.  M.     H.  C.  '95  ;  P.  S.  '98. 

De  Haan,  J. 

Dickhoff,  Wm. 

Elliott,  J.  H.    Chicago  Sera.  Cong. 

Jackson,  W.  H. 

Krom,  A.  E.     Miami  Uni.  '92  :  U.  S.  \ 

Kyle,  H.  Z.     U.  S.  '96. 

Lawrence,  C.  I. 

McBride,  R.  I. 

McNair,  Wm.     R.  C.  'Si ;  P.  S.  '86. 

Park,  Chs.     Ham.  C.  '85  ;  Allegh.  S.  ! 

Potter,  R.  H.     U.  C.  '95  ;  Chicago  Sei 
Rogers,  Robt. 
Scholz,  Chs. 

Seeley,  F.  B.    Mid.  C.  Vt.  '93  ;  U.  S.  ' 
Stout,  J.  C.    R.  C.  '91;  P.  S.  '97. 
Street.  W.  D.    C.  U.  '95  ;  U.  S.  '98. 
Wacker,  G.  G.     Bloomfield  S.  '98. 
Wood,  C.  T. 
Woolsey,  A.  B. 


A1TENDIX. 


Brunswick  Seminary. 

.1.  W.     R.  C.  '96. 
ConRer,  W.     R.  C.  '96. 

1,  l.  P.    Bloomfield  Acad. 
Lehman,  F.  V.  W.    H.  C.  A-  Ham.  C. 

,  G      R.  C.  '96. 
Meeker.  E.  J.    K.  C.  '96. 
Myers,  C.  M.     X.  V.  I".  -96. 
Randolph.  E.  T.  F.     R.  I 
Ranney,  W.  A.     R.  C.  '96. 
Ruingta.  1>.  C.    H.  C.  '96. 
Schnueker,  G.     Bloomfifld  Acad.   96. 
Spa. in,  W    C.      [OK  a  Col.  '96. 
Rlton,  F.  F.     R.  C.  >. 
Vandeburg,  S.     H.  C.  '96.    ■ 
bees,  J.  B.    R.  C.  '96- 

Wester n  Seminary. 
Dimnent,  E.  D.    H.  C.  '96. 
Kelder,  F.    H.  C.  '96. 
I.  W.     H.  C.  '96: 
Lubbers,  F.     H.  C.  '96. 
Tli.  Uken,  J.  G.     H.  C. '96. 

Arcot  Seminary . 

Bailey,   [.  P. 

Bedford.  Ed. 

.  A. 
Kay,  John. 
Lazarus,  1). 

New  Brunswick  Seminary. 
Bruce,  Ptiter. 

C.  P.     R.  < 
Ferwerda,  F.    H.  C.  '97. 
Mai  Millan.  H.     Cedarville  < 

.A.  I.     R.  C.  '97. 
M..  r.lvk,  j.  E.     H.  C.  '97- 
Parker,  A.  A.  1". 

Lai,  T,     H    I 
Sciple,  C.  M.     La  P.  C.  '97- 
Seibert,  P.  A.    R.  C.  '97. 

auer,  P.  I.    U.  C.  '97. 
Walter,  A.  J.   'R.  C.  '97. 
Warnshuis,  A.  L.     H.  C.  '97. 
tnuelder,  «i.    H.  C.  '97. 

//  'estern  Seminary. 

1  .     H.  C.  '98. 
Boer,  N.    H.  C.  '  .7 
Brummel,   lack.     11    C.  '   7 

H.  C,  '97. 
1 1.    [onge,  B.    Neths. 

Igh.   I.     H.  C.  '97- 
Dyicstra,  B.  D.     H.  C. '06. 
Huizenga,  G.  }.    H.  C.  V- 
•  1       1 1.  C.  '97. 
lal,  A.    II.  C  '97. 
Schuurmans,  H.  P.    H.  C.  '97. 
Vandermeulen  Jac.     H.  C.  '97. 

\rcot  Seminary    India. 

■  ■  ham,  I  <  is. 
|oshua.  M 
(Cadi  velu,  P. 


1899. 


Other  Ministers. 


Brown,    ].   A.     New    Windsor  C.  Md.  '93; 

P.  S.'-96- 
Caton,  J.  C.     P.  U.  '95  ;  Y.  S.  '98. 
Connor,"  W.  W.    C.  N.  J.  '85  ;  Allegh.  S/99. 
Florence,  E.  W. 
Laubach.  W. 

Muller,  F.     Bloomfield  Acad.  &  Sem.  '96. 
Pershing,  O.  B.     I*.  C.  '97;  Aub.  S.  1900. 
Rauscher,  J.  C.     U.  S.  '98. 
Van  Gieson,  D.  E. 
Wiersum,  H.  J.     H.  C.  '96;  P.  S.  '99- 


Addv,  J.  G.      I'.S.  '97. 
Beale,  J.  R.     La.  F.  C.  '93  ;  U.  S.  '97- 
Dobbs,  J.  F.     La  P.  C.   97;  U.  S.  1900. 
Dougall  A.     U.  C.  93;  P.  -S.  '95. 
Ellsworth,  T.  S.     La.  F.  C;  U.  S.  '83. 
Hamlin,  H.  F.      La  F.  C.  '94;   U.   S.  'g 
Ijesrsrett.  L. 


Leggett,  L. 

Lonsdale,  J.   T 

Mellen,  H.  M. 

Miller,  S.  D. 

Ossewardie,  J  - 

Ratzell,  J.  P.' 

Stinson,  W.  C. 

Stoehner,  F. 

Troost,  E. 

Vance,  J.I.    Kings  C.  (Tenn.)  '83;    Union 

S.  Va.  '86. 
W 


>hn.     H.  C.  '97;  P.  S.  1900. 
Bucknell  U.  '86;   P.  S.  '89. 


S.  Va,  '86. 

ilev,  E.  C.     Wms.  C.  '81;  Aub.  S.  '89. 
die  J.  S.     Wms.  C.  '87;  Y.  S.  '90. 


1901-1910. 
1901. 


Vew  Brunswick  Seminary. 

iin,C.  1".     R.  C.  "98. 
Kla    k,  John.     R.  C.  '98. 
Bosi  h,  P.  s  C.    Bloomfield  Acad. 
P   P. 

I        K    I 
R.  C.  '98. 
F,  G    1  1    I 


Den  Hollander,  Ab. 
Fortuin,  P.    Ot.  Univ.  '78. 
Merge,  H.  ].     Bloomfield  S.  1901. 
Laufer,  C.W. 

1.  w.  I).    C.  l'.9s;  U.  S.  '98. 

Swain,  J.  R.     P.  U.  '94;   P-  S.  1901. 
Van  den  Burg,  L. 


1071 


New  Brunswick  Seminary . 

Furbeck,  H.  R.    U.  C.  '97- 
Hunter,  George.    Glasgow  Univ. 
Meengs,  J.  G.     H.  C.  ^8. 
Meury,  E.  G.  W.     R.  C.  98. 
Mulder,  T.     H.  C.  "98. 
Van  Beverhoudt,  O. 

Western  Seminary. 
Banninga,  J.  J.     H.  C.  '98. 
Kerk,  Ab.    H.  C.  '98. 
Kuyper,  Cor.     H.  C.  '98.. 
Vander  Werp,  Ant.    Ch.  R.  Sem.  '95. 
Winter,  J.  E.     H.  C. '98. 

Arcot  Seminary. 

No  graduates. 

New  Brunswick  Seminary . 
Courtney,  R.  W.    R.  C.   99. 
Dangremond,  A.  C.  V.     H.  C.  '99. 
Erler.  John. 

Francisco,  W.  P.     R.  C.  '99. 
Hart,  W.  R.     R.  C.  '99. 
Martin,  J.  McC.     R.  C.  '99. 
Sluyter,  H.     H.  C.  '99. 
Weidner,  D.  C.     R.  C.  '99. 

Western  Seminary. 
Braak,  P.     H.  C.  '99. 
Mansen,  F.  B     H.  C.  '99. 
Marsilje,  P.  J.    H.  C.  '99. 
Reeverts,  F.     H.  C.  '99. 
Schipper,  H.      H.  C.  '99. 
Te  Kolste,  G.    H.  C.  '99. 
Van  Heuvelen,  B-    H.  C.  '99. 
Wiersma,  F.     H.  C.  '99. 


Other  Minister. 


Van  Ess,  Jacob. 
Voeglin,  C.  F.  N. 


Bloomfield  Sem.  1901. 


1902. 


A.  C. 


y7 


Gates,  Win.  B. 
Oswald,  C. 
Rothenberger,  I.      Heid.  Col.  at  Tiffin,  O. 
'83;  Heid.  Sem.  '85. 


Neiv  Brunswick  Seminary . 
Broek,  A.  T.     H.  C.  1900. 
Brokaw,  A.  P.     R.  C.  1900. 
Brown,  W.  D.     U.  C.  1900. 
Eckerson.  F.    R.  C.  1900. 
Gardner,  J.  C.    P.  U. 
Grull,  J.  D.    Valparaiso  Coll.  1900. 
Hondelink,  G.    H.  C.  1900. 
Letgers.  L.  L.     H.  C.  1900. 
Purdy,  M.  S.     R.  C.  1900. 
Tanis,  H.     Maryville  Coll. 

Western  Seminary. 
Beardslee,  J.  W.     H.  C. '98. 
Boot   H.  P.     H.  C.  1900. 
De  Young,  Ab.     H.  C.  1900. 
Hueneman,  H.    H.  C.  1900. 
Nettinga,  S.  C.     H.  C.  1900. 
Riepma,  S.  F.     H.  C.  1900. 
Steketee,  J,  B.    H.  C.  '98. 
Straks,  J.  H.     H.  C.  1900. 
Van  Zante,  A.  B.     H.  C.  1900. 


CHRONOLOGICAL  LIST  OF  THE  CONGREGATIONS  OF 
THE  REFORMED  (DUTCH)  CHURCH  IN  AMERICA. 

1628-1902. 


1.  —  Under  the   West  India   Company*  arid 
the  Church  of  Holland. 

1628. 

New  Amsterdam,  Manhattan  (New  York). 
N.  Y. 

1642. 

Fort  Orange,  Rensselaerwyck,  (Albany), 
N.  Y. 

1654. 
New  Amstel  (New  Castle),  Del. 
Amersfoort  (Flatlands),  N.  Y. 
Bushwick,  N.  Y. 
Gravesend.  N.  Y. 
Midwont  (Flatbush),  N.  Y. 

1659. 
Esopus,  Kingston.  N.  Y. 

1660. 
Bergen,  N.  J. 

Breuckelen,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y 
Harlem,  N.  Y. 

Stuy  vesant's  Bouwerie,  N.  Y 
St.  Thomas,  W.  I. 

1661. 
Staten  Island;  station,  N.  Y. 

1664.— The  English  Conquest  of    New 
Netherland. 

2.—  Under  the    Duke    of   York    and    the 
Church  of  Holland. 
1665. 
Staten  Island,  Fresh  Kills,  N.  Y. 
Staten  Island,  South  Side,  N.  Y. 

1668. 
New  York  City,  French  Church   in  the 
Fort. 

1680. 
Schenectady,  N.  Y. 

Staten   Island,   North    Side,    Port    Rich- 
mond, N.  Y. 

1682. 
Hackensack,  Fr.  Refd.,  N.  J. 

1683. 
New  Paltz,  Fr.  Refd.,  N.  Y. 

3-—  Under  the  Crown  of  England  and  the 
Church  of  Holland. 
1686. 
Hackensack,  N.  J. 


New  York  City,  Marketfield  St.,  Fr.Refd 
New  Rochelle,  N.  Y.,  Fr.  Refd. 

1693. 
Aquacononck,  N    J. 

1694. 
Tappan,  N.  Y. 

1696. 
Fordham.  N.  Y. 

1696.— The  Dutch  Obtain  the  First  Church 
Charter. 

1697. 
Tarrytown,  N.  Y. 

1699. 
Freehold,  Marlboro,  N.  J. 
Middletown,  Holmdel,  N.  J. 
Raritan,  Somerville,  N.  J. 

1700. 
Second  River,  Belleville,  N.  J. 

1701-10. 

1701. 

Rochester,  Ulster  Co  ,  N.  Y. 

1702. 
Jamaica,  N.  Y. 

1703. 
Three  Mile  Run,  N.  J. 

1707. 
Schagticoke,  N.  Y. 

1708. 
[Quassaick,  Newburg,  N  .Y.] 

1710. 
Bensalem,  Pa. 

Camp,   !SfstfC^mp-NxTY^ 
^'    (West  Camp,  N.  Y. 

Germantown,  Pa. 

Neshaminy,  Pa. 

North  and  South  Hampton,  Pa. 

Panna,  Ponds,  N.  J. 

Six  Mile  Run,  Franklin  Park,  N.  J. 

1711-30. 

1711. 
Stone  Arabia  (Ger),  N.  Y. 

1712. 
Kinderhook,  N.  Y. 

1714. 
Richmond,  S.  I„  N.  Y. 


*This  Company  planted  also  a  number  of  churches,  at  an  early  period,  in 
Brazil,  as  San  Salvador,  1625,  Itamarca,  1635,  Olinda,  Recife,  etc.  This  is  a  subject 
that  needs  special  study.  The  same  Company  planted  scores  of  churches  in  South 
Africa. 


1074 


APPENDIX. 


1715. 

Kingsberry  (Ger.).  N.  Y. 
Rhinebeck  (Ger.),  N.  Y. 

1716. 
Claverack,  N.  Y. 
Fishkill,  N.  Y, 
Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 

1717. 
New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

1719. 
Readington,  N.  J. 

1720. 
Fairfied,  N.  T. 
Schoharie,  N.  Y. 

1731-30. 

1722. 
Linlitbgo,  N.  Y. 

1723. 
Herkimer  (Ger.),  N.  Y. 

1724. 
Schraalenberg, N.  J. 

1725. 
Flats,  Fort  Herkimer,  N.  Y. 
Paramus,  N.  J. 

1726. 

Philadelphia  (Ger.),  Pa. 

1727. 
Sourland,  Harlingen,  N.  J. 

.728. 
Germantown  ((ler.),  N.  Y. 

1729. 
Courtlandtown,  N.  Y. 
New  York  City,  Nassau  St.  Collegiate. 

1730. 
Kaatsbaan,  N.  Y. 
Raritan.  N.   [.,  Secession. 
ess,  L.  I.,  N.  Y. 

1731-40. 

'7V- 

Newtown.  L.  [.,  N.  Y. 
Rhinebeck,  NY. 

'732- 
kit-,  N".  Y. 
Leeds,  Old  Catskill,  N.  Y. 
Middleburg  (Ger.),  N.  Y. 
Montgomery.  Orange  Co.  (Ger.),  N.  Y. 
(  >yster  Bay,  L.  I.,  N.  Y. 
1736. 
Burnetsfield,  N.  Y. 
Pompton  (Plains),  N.  J. 

•737- 
Deer  Park,  Port  Jervis,  N.  Y. 
Mai  lib''  own,  N.  Y. 

link,  N.  J. 
Shawangunck,  N.  Y. 
Smithfield,  Pa 
Walpack,  Pa. 

1740. 

Lebanon.  N.  J.  (tier). 

1741-50. 

'744- 

roix,  W.  I. 

'745- 

warsing,  Napanoch,  N.  Y. 


1746. 
Gallatin,  Ancram,  N.  Y. 

1748.— Ccetus  Organized. 

•749- 
Clarkstown,  N.  Y. 

1750. 

Canajoharie,  N.  Y. 
Niskavuna,  N.  Y. 
Stissing,  N.  Y. 

1751-60. 

1752- 
Marbletown,  2d,  N.  Y. 
Montgomery,  2d,  N.  Y. 
Neshanic,  N.  J. 
New  Paltz,  2d,  N.  Y. 
Pawagtenog,  N.  Y. 

1754.— American  Classis:Ca'tus  vs.  Con- 
ferentie. 

I7SS- 
Totowa,  Paterson,  N.  J. 

1756. 
Hackensack,  (2d),  N.  J. 
Montville,  N.  J. 
Schodack,  N.  Y. 
Schraalenberg,  (2d),  N.  J. 

1757- 
Hopewell,  N.  Y. 

1758. 

Bedminster,  N.  J. 
Caughnawaga,  Fonda,  N.  Y. 
New  Hackensack,  N.  Y. 
New  York  City,  Ger.,  in  Nassau  St. 
Taghkanick,  \V»st  Copake,  N.  Y. 

1760 
Hardwick,  N.  J. 
Smithfield,  N.  J. 

1761-70. 

1761. 
Peenpack  (Cuddebackville),  N.  Y. 

1763. 
Beaverdam,  N.  Y. 
Bethlehem,  N.  Y. 

1766.— Charter  oj  Queens  (Rutgers)  ( 'ollege. 

1766. 
Hillsborough,  Millstone,  N.  J. 
Red  Hook  Landing,  N.  Y. 

1767. 
Helderbergh,  N.  Y. 

1768. 
Conewago,  Pa. 
Hanover,  Pa. 
Susquehanna,  Pa. 

1769. 
Clove,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y. 
Dover,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y. 
Hillsdale,  N.  Y. 
Xew  York  City,  Fulton  St.  Collegiate. 

1770. 

Albany  (Ger.).  N.  Y. 
English  Neighborhood,  N.  J. 
Kingston  (Ger.),  N.  Y. 
Manheim,  Snell's  Bush,  N.  Y. 
New  Hurley,  N.  Y. 
Si.  [otansville,  Palatine,  N.  Y. 
Saratoga,  Schuylerville,  N.  Y. 


APPENDIX. 


1075 


1771-80. 

1771. 
Sharon,  N.  Y. 

1771. — Union  of  Ccetus  and  Conference. 

l— Under  the  Crown  of  England  ana  Semi- 
Ecclesiastical  Independence. 
1771-76. 
1772. 
Indian  Castle,  N.  Y. 

1773- 
Kakiat,  West  New  Hempstead,  N.  Y. 
Lower  Canajoharie,  N.  Y. 

1774- 

Lansingburgh,  N.  Y. 

1775- 
Squampamuck,  N.  Y. 

1 776.— Political  Independence. 

1781-90. 

1782. 
Stillwater,  N.  J. 

1783. 
Norman's  Kill,  N.  Y. 

1784. 
Boght,  N.  Y. 
Florida,  N.  Y. 
Saddle  River.  N.  J. 

1784. — Assumption  0/  Complete  Ecclesiasti- 
cal Independence.     Church  of  Holland 
Notified.    Election  of  Theological 
Professors. 

1785. 
Ramapo,  Mahwah,  N.  J. 
Salem,  New  Salem,  N.  Y. 

1787. 
Durham,  Oak  Hill.  N.  Y. 
Greenbuso,  East  Greenbush,  N.  Y. 
Knowlton,  N.  J. 

1788. 
Clove,  Deckertown,  N.  J. 
Lawversville,  N.  Y. 
Upper  Red  Hook,  N.  Y. 

1789. 
Hardy  Co.,  Va. 
Sacondaga,  Day,  N.  Y. 
Sinthoick,  Stillwater,  N.  Y. 
Delaware  River  Missions. 
Sprakers  Basin,  N.  Y. 

1791-1800. 

1791. 
Esopus,  Ulster  Park,  N.  Y. 
Terusalem,  N.  Y. 
Middletown,  N.  Y. 
Shokan,  N.  Y. 
Westtown,  N.  Y. 

1792. 


'793- 


Buskirks,  N.  Y. 
Hyde  Park,  N.  Y. 
Rockaway,  N.  J. 
Wilkesbarre,  Pa. 

1792.— Adoption  of  the   Constitution  of  the 
Refd.  Prot.  Dutch  Ch.  in  N.  A.;  embrac- 
ing Doctrine,  Liturgy  and  Government. 


Coeymans,  N.  Y 
Mayfield,  N.  Y. 
Paistonkill,  N.  Y. 
Westerlo.  N.  Y. 
Wynantskill,  N.  Y. 

1794. 
Chenango,  Union,  Tioga  Co.,  N.  Y. 
Coshington,  N.  Y. 
Jeniks,  N.  Y. 
Unadilla,  N.  Y. 

1795- 
Amsterdam,  N.  Y. 
Fonda's  Bush,  N.  Y. 

1796. 
Bloomingdale,  Ulster  Co..  N.  Y. 
Currytown,  N.  Y. 
Owasco,  N.  Y. 
Salt  River,  Ky. 

1797- 
Angelica,  N.  Y. 
Charlestown,  N.  Y. 
Danville,  N.  Y. 
Glen,  N.  Y. 
Karr  Valley,  N.  Y. 
Sharon,  Pa. 
Tuscarora,  Pa. 

1798. 
Andriestown,  N.  Y. 
Adolphustown,  Canada. 
Bay  of  Quinte,  Canada. 
Columbia,  Herkimer  Co.,  N.  Y. 
Conradstown,  N.  Y. 
Elizabethtown,  Canada. 
Ernesttown,  Canada. 
Fairville,  Arcadia,  N.  Y. 
Frederickstown,  Canada. 
Henderson,  N.  Y. 
Matilda,  Canada. 
Middletown,  Mapleton,  N.  Y. 
Prattsville,  Grand  Gorge,  N.  Y. 
Williamsburgh,  Canada. 

1799. 
Duanesburgh,  N.  Y. 
Peekskill,  N.  Y. 
Pittstown,  N.  Y. 

Rotterdam  1st,  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 
Veddersburgh,  N.  Y. 
Woodstock,  N.  Y. 

1800. 
Caroline,  N.  Y. 
Schoharie  Kill,  N.  Y. 

1801-10. 

1801. 
Hurley,  N.  Y. 
Mapletown,  N.  Y. 
Preakness,  N.  J. 
Stone  Arabia,  N.  Y. 
Stone  House  Plains,  N.  J. 

1802. 
Fallsburgh,  N.  Y. 
Roxbury,  N.  Y. 

1803. 
Amity,  N.  Y. 
Charleston,  N.  Y. 
Easton,  N.  Y. 

Nassau,  Union  Village,  N.  Y. 
Newtown  (CI.  Rennselaer),  N.  Y. 
Greenwich,  New  York  City. 

1804. 
Warwick,  N.  Y. 

1805. 
Mamakating,  Wurtsboro,  N.  Y. 
Bloomingdale,  New  York  City. 


107'' 


APPENDIX. 


1806. 
Aussenburgh,  Canada. 
Markham,  Canada. 
Matilda,  Canada. 
Osnaburgh,  Canada. 
Toronto,  Canada. 
Toronto  (tier.),  Canada. 
Williamsburtfh,  Canada. 

1807. 
Clove,  High  Falls,  N.  Y. 
Flatbush,  Ulster  Co.,  N.  Y. 

1808. 
Howe's  Cave,  Schoharie  Mt.,  X.  Y. 
New  York  City,  Franklin  St. 
Ovid,  N.  V. 
Richmond,  S.  I. 

1809. 
Ar^yle,  N.  Y. 
Klei'nville,  Canada. 
Sydney,  Canada. 

1810. 
Little  York,  Canada. 
New  York  City,  Market  St. 
Oppenheim,  N    Y. 
Sophiasburgh,  Canada. 
Tuscarora,  N.  Y. 


1811-20. 


Hardwick,  N.  J. 

1812. 
New  York  City,  South  Dutch. 
Owasco  Outlet.  N.  Y. 

Union  Village,  Greenwich,   Washington 
Co.,  N.   Y. 

18.3. 
Osquak,  X.  Y. 
Philadelphia,  Spring  Garden,  Pa. 

1814. 
Hlooming  Grove,  N.  Y. 
Glenville,  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 
Xew  Prospect,  N.  Y. 
Pascack, N.  J. 
Stillwater,  N.  J. 

1815. 
Albany, 2d,  X.  Y. 
Xiwfoundland,  N.  J. 
Pompton,  N.  T. 
West  Troy,  North,  N.  Y. 

1816. 
Canajoharie,  N.  Y.  (Ind.) 
Hallowell,  Canada. 
Johnstown,  X.  Y. 
Xorth  Hempstead,  L.  I. 
Pleasant  Plains,  N.  V. 
Stone  Arabia,  X.  V.  (Ind.) 
1817. 
•'.n,  N.  Y. 
tte,  N.  Y. 
Fort  Miller,  X.  Y. 
Xorthumberland,  N.  Y. 
Philadelphia,  2d,  Pa. 

Eighth  St. 

1818. 

X.  Y. 
Glenville,  ad,  Schenectady,  X.  Y. 
Philadelphia,  ad,  Ranstead  Court,  Pa. 

1819. 
t'eylon,  India,  station, 
(ihent,  X.  V. 
Unionville,  Westchester  Co.,  X.  V 


Breakabeen,  N.  Y. 

Brighton  Heights,  Tompkinsville,  S.  I. 

Princetown,  N.  Y. 


1821-30. 


Blenheim.  N.  Y. 
Le  Roy,  N.  Y. 
Mavfield,  N.  Y. 
Spottswood,  N.  J. 


1822. 


Berea,  N,  Y. 
Broome,  N.  Y. 

Canajoharie,  Secession,  N.  Y. 
Charleston,  Secession,  N.  Y. 
Columbia,  N.  Y. 
Fishkill-on-Hudson,  N.  Y. 
Georgetown,  D.  C.  (station,) 
Hackensack,  Secession,  N.  J. 
Johnstown,  Secession,  N.  Y. 
Middletown,  Secession,  N.  Y. 
Ovid,  Secession,  N.  Y. 
Salisbury,  N.  Y. 

Schraalenbergh,  Secession,  N.  J. 
Union,  Amsterdam,  Secession,  N.  Y. 
Wyckoft,  N.  J. 

1823. 
Amity,  N.  Y.  (station.) 
Beachwoods,  N.  Y. 
Danube,  Secession,  N.  Y. 
English  Neighborhood,  Secession,  N.  J. 
New  York  City,  African. 
New  York  City,  Broome  St.,  afterward 

34th  St. 
New  York  City,  7th  Ave. 
New  York  City,  Secession. 
Osquak,  Secession,  N.  Y. 
Owasco,  Secession,  N.  Y. 

Paramus,  Secession,  N.J. 
Rotterdam,  2d,  Schenectadv,  X.  Y. 
Wilton,  N.  Y. 

1824. 

Bethlehem,  Secession,  N.  Y. 
Charleston,  2d,  Secession,  N.  Y. 

Duanesburgh,  N.  Y. 

Herkimer,  2d,  N.  Y. 

Montville,  Secession.  N.  J. 

New  Lots,  L.  I. 

Pooster  Kill,  Secession,  X.  Y. 

Pultneyville,  N.  Y.  (station.) 

Ramapo,  Secession,  N.  Y. 

Rem  Snyder's  Bush,  N.  Y. 

Summit  Eminence,  N.  Y. 

Wynantskill,  Secession,  N.  Y. 
1825. 

Aquackononck,  Secession,  N.  J. 

Beekman,  N.  Y. 

Clarkstown,  Secession.  X.  Y . 

Cobleskill,  X,  Y. 

Flats,  Secession,  N.  Y. 

Hempstead,  Secession,  X.  Y. 

Lodi,  X.  Y. 

North  Branch,  N.  J. 

Palatine,  X.  Y. 

Stirling,  N.  Y. 

Tappan,  Secession,  X.  Y. 

Union,  Albany  Co.,  N.  Y. 
1826. 

Athens,  N.  Y. 

Berkshire  Valley,  X.  Y. 

Berne  2d,  Knox.  X.  Y. 

Columbiaville,  X.  Y.  (station). 

Xew  York  City,  Orchard  St. 

New  York  City,  Yorkville  (station). 

Oppenheim,  ad,  X.  Y. 


APPENDIX. 


1077 


1827. 
Amsterdam  (Union  Ch.),  N.  Y. 
Canajoharie,  N.  Y. 
Cato,  Secession,  N.  Y. 
Martinsburgh,  N.  Y. 

New  York  City,  Rivington  St.  (station). 
Totowa,  2d,  Paterson, N.  J. 
Philadelphia,  4th,  Manayunk,  Pa. 
Six  Mile  Creek,  N.  Y. 
Sharon,  Secession,  N.  Y. 
Sparta,  Secession,  N.  Y. 
Stuyvesant,  N.  Y. 
Walpack,  Lower,  Pa. 
Wolcott,  Secession,  N.  Y. 

1828. 
Chittenango,  N.  Y. 
Hoboken,  Ulster  Co.,  N.  Y. 
Lysander,  N.  Y. 
Mt.  Morris,  Secession,  N.  Y. 
Paterson,  Independent,  N.  Y. 

1829. 
Bergen  Neck,  Bayonne,  Jersey  City.  N.J 
Charleston.  Independent,  N.  Y. 
Ford's  Bush  (station),  N.  Y. 
Fort  Carbon  (station),  Pa. 
Henderson,  Warren,  N.  Y. 
New  York  City,  Manhattan  Ch. 
Williamsburgh,  Brooklyn,  L.  I. 

1830. 
Amity  (station),  N.  Y. 
Berne,  N.  Y. 
Canton,  China  (station). 
Farmer,  N.  Y. 
Frankfort,  N.  Y. 
Herkimer,  2d,  N.  Y. 
Ithaca,  N.  Y. 
Java,  E.  I.  (station). 
Jersey  City,  N.  J. 
New  York  City,  Vandewater  St. 
Pottsville,  Pa.  (station). 
Utica,  N.  Y. 

1831-40. 


Caroline,  N.  Y. 
Catlin,  N.  Y. 
Dashville  Falls,  N.  Y. 
Ephratah,  N.  Y. 
Fort  Plain,  N.  Y. 
Geneva,  N.  Y. 
Marshallville.  N.  Y. 
New  York  City,  Ninth  St. 
Siam,  E.  I.  (station). 

1832. 
Blawenburgh,  N.  J. 
Hackensack,  Independent,  N.  J. 

1833- 
Catskill  (Village),  N.  Y. 
Canastota,  N.  Y. 
Coxsackie,  2d,  N.  Y. 
Guilford,  N.  Y. 
Jackson,  N.  Y. 
Kinderhook, 2d,  N.  Y. 
Kiskatom,  N.  Y. 
Lyons,  N.  Y. 
Newark,  1st,  N.  J. 
New  York  City,  North  St. 

1834. 
Albany,  3d,  N.  Y. 
Clover  Hill,  N.  J. 
Jamesville,  N.  Y. 
Middlebush,  N.  J. 
Polkton,  Mich. 
Raritan,  2d,  Somerville.  N.  J. 
Stanton, N.  J. 


1835. 
Arcadia,  Fairville,  N.  Y. 
Hudson,  N.  Y. 
Newburg,  N.  Y. 
Walden,  N.  Y. 

1836. 
Gilboa,  N.  Y. 

Greenport,  Greendale,  N.  Y. 
Middletown,  N.  J. 
Moresville,  N.  Y. 
New  Baltimore,  N.  Y. 
New  York  City,  21st  St.,  afterward  40th 

St. 
New  York  City,  9th  St.  (Collegiate). 
Philadelphia,  Roxbury,  Pa. 
Tyre,  N.  Y. 

1837. 

Brooklyn,  2d,  Central,  N.  Y. 
Buel,  N.  Y. 
Cicero,  N.  Y. 
Cohoes,  N.  Y. 
Fairview,  111. 
Glenham,  N.  Y. 
Little  Falls,  N.  J. 
New  York  City,  South  Dutch,  in  Murray 

St.  (see  1812). 
New  York  City,  Washington  Square. 
Philadelphia,  3d,  Pa. 

1838. 
Conesville,  N.  Y. 
Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Claverack,  2d,  Mellenville,  N.  Y. 
Fultonville,  N.  Y. 
Macao,  E.  I.  (station). 
Mohawk,  N.  Y. 

New  York  City,  E.  Houston  St.  (Ger.) 
Nyack,  N.  Y. 
Piermont,  N.  Y. 
Plattekill,  N.  Y. 

1839. 
Astoria,  N.  Y. 
Auriesville,  N.  Y. 
Centerville,  Mich. 
East  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Gansevoort,  N.  Y. 
Macao,  E.  I.  (station). 
Madras,  India  (station). 
Mt.  Morris,  N.  Y. 

New  York  City,  La  Fayette  Place  (Colle- 
giate). 
Onisquethaw,  N.  \  . 
Pontianak,  Borneo  (station). 
Saugerties  (Kaatsban),  N.  Y. 
Swartstown,  N.  Y. 
West  Farms,  N.  Y. 

1840. 
Borneo,  E.  I.  (stations). 
Brooklyn,  South,  N.  Y. 
Brunswick,  111. 
Ellenville,  N.  Y. 
Glen,  Independent,  N.  Y. 
Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 
Greenville,  N.  Y. 
Irvington,  Clintonville,  N.  J. 
[Syria.] 

1841-50. 
1841. 

Brooklyn,  4th,  N.  Y. 
Knox,  N.  Y. 
Trenton, N.  J. 
Vanderveer,  111. 

1842. 
China,  Mission  to. 
Day,  N.  Y. 
Flushing,  N.  Y. 
Freehold,  2d,  N.  J. 


1076 


APPENDIX. 


ggstovt  n,  X.    I. 
Karangan,  E,  I.  (station). 
Kiskatom,  X.  V. 

KolongSOO,  China  (--tation). 

Prairieville,  M  ich. 
Ridgeway,  Mich. 
Yonkers,  X.  Y. 

1843- 
Allegan,  Mich. 
Caledonia,  Wis. 
Chatham,  X.  Y. 

(.'(Histamine,  Mich. 
■Ghent,  2d.  X.  V. 
Gorham.  X.  V. 
Leeds,  X.  V. 

Madison,  Wis. 

New  Brunswick.  2d,  X.  ]. 

New  Durham,  X.  J. 

New  Y'>rk  City,  Broadway;  afterward 

Stanton  St. 
New  York  Citv,  Washington  Heights. 
Pekin,  111. 
Rosendale,  X.  Y. 
Sun  Prairie,  Wis. 

1844. 
Amoy,  China  (station). 
Gallupville,  X.  Y . 
Grahamsville,  X.  Y. 
West  Troy.  South,  X.  Y. 

1845. 
Port  Washington  (station),  X.  Y. 

1846. 
Arcot,  India,  (station). 
Brooklyn.  Middle  Ch.,  X.  Y. 
Bound  Brook,  X.  J. 
Hudson  Citv,  Jersey  Citv,  X.  J. 
Jersey  City,  Wayne  St.,  N.  J. 
Madura,  India  (station). 
Medina,  Mich. 
New  York  City,  Mt.  Pleasant,  50th  St. 

1847. 

Brooklyn,  East,  Bedford,  N.  Y. 
Fair  Haven,  N.  Y. 
k>     port,  N.  J. 
PilTardinia,  N.Y. 
Washington,  111. 

1848. 
Bethlehem,  2d,  Delmar,  N.  Y. 
Greenpoint,  Kent  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Kingston,  2d,  X.  Y. 
Newark,  2d,  X.    1. 
Newark,  3d.  N.  J. 

New  Y'ork  City,  ad  German,  Grand  St. 
Peapack,  X.   J. 
Pousrhkeepsie,  2d,  N.  Y. 
Karitan,  3d,  N.  J. 
Rensselaer,  X    Y 
Svracuse,  N.  Y. 
Wesl  Hurley,  X.  Y. 

1849. 

Claraville,  Unionvllle,  Upper  Neversink, 

\    Y 
Ma    1  n,  M 
M  ilwaukee,  Wis 
lie,  Mich. 
South  Bend,  Ind. 
South  Holland,  Mich. 

1850. 
Ami,  India  'station). 
Bethlehem,  Wis. 
Bethel,  Wis. 
Bronxville,  X,  Y. 

Brooklyn.  Xorth  Gowanus,  12th  St..  X.  Y. 
Cleveland  1    ,.,  n.  v. 

'  ■  hap,  Mich. 

I  Rapids,  2d,  Mich. 


Greenburgh,  N.  Y. 

Hastings-on  Hudson,  N.  Y. 

Hoboken,  N.  J. 

Huguenots,  S.   I. 

New  Y'ork  City,  West,  6th  Ave. 

North  Blenheim,  N.  Y\ 

Oostburgh,  Wis. 

Peekskill,  N.  Y. 

Port  Jackson,  Amsterdam,  1st,  N.  Y. 

South  Branch, N.  J. 

Zeeland,  Mich. 

1851-60. 
1851. 
Blue  Mountain,  N.  Y. 
Brooklyn  Heights,  N.  Y. 
Brooklyn,  New,  N.  Y. 
Brooklyn,  North,  N.  Y. 
Brooklyn,  South  Bushwick,  N.  \". 
Brown  Settlement,  N.  Y. 
Drenthe.  Mich. 
Easton,  Pa. 
Franklin,  Wis. 
Grand  Haven,  Mich. 
Holland,  1st,  Mich. 
Jeffersoh,  Mich. 
Kalamazoo,  Mich. 
Krmnville,  Samsonville,  N.  Y'. 
Long  Branch,  N.  J. 
Marbletown,  2d,  North,  N.  Y 
Mott  Haven,  N.  Y\  C. 
New  Brunswick,  3d,  N.  J.  (Ger.) 
New  York  City.  Livingston  Ch. 
North  Esopus,  Port  Ewen,  N.  Y. 
Overisel,  Mich. 
Piermont,  2d,  N.  Y. 
Pultneyville,  N.  Y. 
Schenectady,  2d,  N.  Y. 
Silver  Creek,  German  Valley,  111. 
Stapleton,  S.  I. 
Tarrytown.  2d,  N.  Y. 
Thousand  Isles,  N.  Y. 
Vriesland,  Mich. 
Waterloo,  X.  Y. 

1852. 
Fort  Herkimer,  N.  Y. 
High  Prairie,  111. 
Jeffersonville,  N.  Y. 
New  Haven,  Conn. 
New  York  City,  3d  German. 
Jersey  City,  3d,  Hamilton  Square,  N.J. 
Lisha's  Kill,  N.  \\ 
Philadelphia.  2d,7th  St.,  Pa. 
Rochester,  N.  Y. 

'853- 
Arcot,  India. 
Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
Burlington.  la. 
Castleton.  N.  V. 
Chiang-Chiu,  China  (station). 
Chicago,  ist,  111. 
Chittoor,  India. 
Clymer  Hill,  N.  Y. 
Hudson  City  (Jersey  City),  N.  J. 
Kerhonksen,  N.  Y. 
Mount  Vernon,  N.  Y. 
New  Y'ork  City,  Harlem  (Ger.) 
North  Bergen,  X.   I. 
North  Holland,  Mich, 
Vellore,  India. 

1854. 
Astoria,  2d,  N.  Y. 
Bergen  Point,  N.  J. 
Ceder  Grove.  \\  is. 
Chicago,  2.1,  111. 
Chioh-be,  China  (station). 
Clarksville,  N.  Y. 
Cuddebackville,  N.  Y. 
Holland,  Wis. 
Melrose,  Bronx,  N.  Y.  C. 


APPENDIX. 


IO79 


New  York  City,  4th  German. 
New  York  City,  5th  Ave.  &  29th  St.  Col- 
legiate. 
Raritan,  111. 
Schenectady,  3d,  N.  Y. 
Shandaken,  N.  V. 
Spring  Lake,  111. 

1855- 
Albanv,  4th,  N.  Y.  (Ger.) 
Alto,  Wis. 
Ami,  India. 
Battle  Creek,  Mich.  . 

Bethany  Chapel,  Brooklyn  Heights,  N.Y. 

Brooklyn,  Lee  Ave.,  N.  Y. 

Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Cold  Spring,  N.Y. 

East  Millstone,  N.  J. 

East  Williamsburgh,  N.  Y. 

Ellenville,  2d.  N.  Y. 

Franklin,  N.  J. 

Hackensack,  2d,  N.  J. 

Hageman's,  N.  Y. 

Naumberg,  N.  Y. 

Newtown,  2d,  N.  Y. 

New  Bremen,  N.  Y. 

New  York  City,  Central,  9th  St. 

Sandusky  City,  Ohio, 

South  Holland,  Low  Prairie,  111. 

Tottenville,  S.  I. 

Warren,  N.  J. 

1856. 

Amoy,  China. 

Bushnell,  111. 

Callicoon,  N.  Y. 

Colt's  Neck,  N.  J. 

Gibbsville,  Wis. 

Hoboken  (Ger.),  N.  J. 

jersey  City,  4th,  N.  J. 

Mina  Corners,  N.  Y. 

Newark,  North,  N.  J. 

Nordeloos,  Mich. 

Paterson,  Holland,  1st,  N.  J. 
Pella,  1st,  la. 
Sheboygan  Falls,  Wis. 
West  Leyden,  N.Y. 

1857. 
Coonnoor,  India. 
Hackensack,  3d  (Ger.),  N.  J. 
Metuchen,  N.  J. 
New  Concord,  N.  Y. 
New  York  City,  7th  Ave.  &  57th  St. 
Polktown,  Coopersville,  Mich. 
Rocky  Hill,  N.  J. 

1858. 
Athens,  Pa. 

Brooklyn,  North  6th  St.  Miss.,  N.  \ 
Buckbrook,  N.  Y. 
Milesville,  N.  Y. 
New  Rochelle  (Ger.),  N.  Y. 
New  York  City,  4th  Ger.,  240  W.  40th  St. 
Paterson  (Hoi.),  Secession,  N.  J. 
Plainfield  (Ger.),  N.  J. 
Queens,  L.  I. 
Quincy,  111. 
Redford,  Mich. 
Schodack  Landing,  N.  Y. 
Sprakers  Basin,  N.  Y. 
Woodhaven,  L.  I. 

1859. 
Albany  (Hoi.),  N.  Y. 
Albany,  Dudley,  N.  Y. 
Athens,  ad,  N.Y. 
[Boston,  Mass.] 
Brooklyn,  Bergen  Hill,  L.  I. 
Chioh-be,  China. 
Davenport,  la. 
Eden,  Wis. 
Grandville,  Mich. 


Hudson  City,  2d,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 
Kanagawa,  Japan.      Station. 
Lodi,  N.  J. 

Muskegon,  Michigan. 
Nagasaki,  Japan.    Station. 
New  York  City,  Union,  6th  Ave. 
Porter,  Mich. 
South  Gilboa,  N.  Y. 
Sprakers  Basin,  N.  Y. 
Stuy  vesant  Falls,  N.  \  . 
i860. 
Amoy,  2d,  China. 
Grand  Rapids,  1st,  Mich. 
New  York  City,  Prospect  Hill,  85th  St. 
Palmaner,  India. 
Tompkinsville,  2d,  S.  I. 

1861-70. 


Indian  Castle,  N.  Y. 
New  York  City,  De  Witt  Chapel. 
New  York  City,  Madison  St.  Chapel. 
New  York  City,  North  Trinity,  Broad- 
way &  34th  St. 
White  Hall,  111. 

1862 

Closter  City,  N.  J. 
Forreston,  111. 
Gingee,  India. 
Holland,  2d,  Hope,  Mich. 
Ilion.  N.  Y. 
North  Creek,  111. 
Philadelphia,  4th,  Pa. 
Sattambadi,  India. 
Walpack,  Upper,  Pa. 

t863. 
Aliendal,  India. 
Katpadi,  India. 
Keokuk,  la. 

Lafayette,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 
Pella,  2d,  la. 
Pittsford,  Mich. 
Plainfield,  Central,  N.  J. 
South  Macon,  Mich. 
Vellambi,  India. 
Wiltwick,  N.  Y. 
Yokohama,  Japan.    Station. 
Yokohama,  Japan,  1st,  for  foreign  resi- 
dents. 

1864. 
Addisville,  Pa. 
Cleveland,  Ohio. 
Paterson,  Broadway,  N.  J. 
St.  Remy,  N.  Y. 

1865. 

Charleston,  S.  C.    Station. 
Havana,  111. 
Kewascum,  Wis. 
Kundipattur,  India. 
Madnapally,  India. 
Pottersville,  N.  J. 
Spring  Valley,  N.  Y. 
Tillaborough,  N.  Y. 
White  Plains,  N.  Y. 

1866. 
Albany  Park,  Chapel,  N.  V. 
Brooklyn  (Ger.),  L.  I. 
Bethel,  la. 

Clinton,  Annandale,  N.  J. 
High  Bridge,  N.J. 
Millbrook,  N.  Y. 
Newark,  West,  N.  J. 
New  York  City  (Hoi.)  . 

New  York  City,  Knox  Memorial  Chapel. 
New  York  City,  Manor  Chapel  of  South 

Dutch  Church. 
New  York  City,  48th  St.  Chapel. 


ioSo 


APPENDIX 


Palisades,  N.  J. 
Paterson,  2d  Hoi.,  N.  J. 
Paters. .11,  6th,  N.  J. 
Sayville,  L.  I. 

1867. 
Dunkirk,  N.  V. 
Fulton,  111. 
Gnanodayam,  India. 
Holland,  id,  Mich. 
Holland,  Kbenezer,  Mich 
n  Centre,  III. 
son  (H<>1.),  N.  J. 
Yorktown,  Minn. 

1868. 
Boonton,  N.  J. 

Brooklyn,  Mvrtle  Ave,  Miss.,  N.  \ 
City,  West  End,  X.J. 
,  Independent,  N.  J. 
M.i'-utavambadi,  India. 
Newark,  South,  Clinton  Ave.,  N.  J. 

3,  111.     Station. 
O-Kang,  China. 
Orattur,  India. 
Passaic,  North,  N.  T- 
Philadelphia,  Bethune  Memorial,  Pa. 
Philadelphia,  Kensington,  Pa. 
Saugatuck.  M  ich. 
Sekadu,  India. 
Two  Rivers,  111.     Station. 

1869. 
Amelia  Court  House,  \"a. 
Brooklield,  Conn. 
Clymer  Village,  Abbe  Ch. 
Danforth,  111. 
Ebenezer,  111. 
Pynaart,  Mich. 
Greenleafton,  Minn. 
Guttenberg,  N.  J. 
[amestown,  Mich. 
alii,  India. 
Newark,  Bast,  N.  J. 
New    York   City,  North  Church   Chapel 

1  13  Pulton  St. 
New  York  City,  7th  Ave.  Chapel. 
Niigata,  Japan.    Station. 
Pella,  3d,  la. 
Pella,  4th,  la. 
Tokyo,  Japan.     Station. 
Varrikkal,  India. 
Wallkill  Valley,  N.Y. 
1870. 

Beaverdam,  Mich. 
i:.ist  Williamson,  N.  Y. 
Fremont  Centre,  Mich. 
Hamilton,  Mich. 
Holland,  Neb. 
Hong-San,  China. 
Livingston,  Linlithgo,  N.  Y. 
Mar; on.  N,  Y. 
South  Bend,  Ind. 

1  ke,  Mich. 

1871-80. 
1871. 
Chiang-Chiu,  China. 
Chicago,  Norwood  Park, 
bush,  Grace  Chapel. 
Grand  Haven,  2d,  Mich. 
Jersey  City,  Greenville,  N.  J. 
Kolapakam,  India. 
Linden,  N.  J. 


Locust  Valley,  (jueens,  N. 
NaraBinganur,  India. 
Newark,  Woodside,  N.  J. 
□    h.  N.  V. 

e  City,  la. 

,  la. 

■   lam,  Kan. 


Y.  C. 


Somerset,  Kan. 
Tung-an,  China. 
Wortendyke,  N.  J. 

1872. 
College  Point,  Queens,  N.  Y.  C. 
East  Overisel,  Mich. 
Jersey  City,  Bayonne,3d,  N.  J. 
Jersey  City,  Free. 
Jersey  City  Heights.  Central. 
New  York  City,  Fifth  Ave.  and  Forty- 

eigrhth  St.  Collegiate. 
New  York  City,  Ave.  B.  and  Fifth  St. 
Peoria,  111. 
South  Haven,  Mich. 
Yokohama,  Kaigan  Ch.,  ]apan. 

1873. 

Hohokus,  N.   I. 
Holland,  2d,  Neb. 
Passaic  (Hoi.),  N.  J. 

1874. 
Chicago,  Irving  Park,  111. 
Flatbush,  2d,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  C. 
High  Bridge,  Bronx,  N.  Y.  C. 
Highlands,  N.  J. 
Jericho,  L.  I. 

Jersey  City,  South  Bergen,  N.  J. 
Parkersburgh,  la. 
Three  Bridges,  N.  J. 
Wilcox,  Pa. 

1S75. 
Central  Bridge,  N.  Y. 
Detroit,  Mich. 
Fort  Lee,  N.  J. 
Grand  Rapids,  3d,  Mich. 
Grand  Rapids,  Independent,  Mich. 
Hortonville,  N.  Y. 
Lansing,  111. 
Long  Is.  City,  Laurel   Hill,   (Jueens,  N. 

Y.  C. 
Montague,  Mich. 
New  Y'ork  City,  Norfolk  St. 
Orange,  East  Orange,  N.  J. 
Ramseys,  N.  J. 
Ridgewood,  N.  J. 
Twin  Lakes,  Mich. 

1876. 
Asbury  Park,  N.  J. 
Canarsie,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  C. 
Cherry  Hill,  N.  J." 
Jamaica,  (Jueens,  N.  Y.  C. 
Lyonsville,  N.  Y. 
Nagasaki,  Japan. 
Tindevanam,  India. 
Uyeda,  Japan. 
Yehamur,  India. 

1877. 

Alton,  la. 

Ferrysburgh,  Mich. 

Hartsburgn.  111. 

Kojimachi,   Japan. 

Long  Branch.  2d,  Sea  Side  Chapel,  N.  i. 

New  Amsterdam,  Wis. 

Sioke  Chapel.  China. 

South  Pass,  Neb. 

Sioux  Centre,  1st,  formerly  Orange  City, 

West  Branch.  la. 
Stewartville,  N.  Y. 
Tokyo,  Japan. 
Vellirapel  t  i,  1  ndia. 

1878. 
Franklin  Fnrnace,  N.   I. 
Lodi,  2d,  N.  J. 

1879. 
Chicago,  Roseland,  111. 
Cranesville,  N    Y, 


APPENDIX. 


10S1 


De  Spelder,  Mich. 

Manito,  111. 

Paterson  (Hoi.),  Union  Refd.,  N.  J. 

Raritan,  4th,  111. 

Twin  Lakes,  Mich. 

1880. 
Centerville,  S.  D. 
Greenwood,  Wis. 
Hardewyck,  Mich. 
Harrison,  S.  D. 
New  York  City,  Manor  Chapel  of  South 

St.  Ch. 
Orangeburgh,  S.  C. 
Plainfield,  Trinity,  N.  J. 
Washington,  la. 

1881-90. 


Kreischerville,  S.  I. 
Sioke,  China. 

1882. 
Bannertown,  la. 
Centreville,  Athenia,  N.  J. 
Secaucus,  N.  J. 

Spring  Valley,  Maywood,  N.  J. 
Vanden  Berg,  S.  D; 

1883. 
Arcadia,  Newark,  N.  Y. 
Hicksville,  L.  I. 
Jersey  City,  St.  Johns,  N.  J. 
Lennox,  S.  D 
Newkirk,  N.  Orange,  la. 
Sandham  Memorial,  S.  D. 
Sioux  Falls,  S.  D. 
South  Blendon,  Mich. 
Three  Oaks,  Mich. 

1884. 
Baileyville,  111. 
Bon  Homme,  S.  D. 
Charles  Mix,  S.  D. 
Emmanuel,  Belmond,  la. 
Greenbush,  Wis. 
Immanuel,  Springfield,  S.  D. 
Philadelphia,  Kan. 
Maurice,  la. 

New  Brunswick,  Suydam  St.,  N.  J. 
Ontario,  N.  Y. 
Pella,  Neb. 
Salem,  S.  D. 

1885. 
Bethany  (near  Pella),  la. 
Boardville.  N.  J. 
Free  Grace.  la. 
Grand  View,  Armour,  S.  D. 
Hope,  La  Grace,  S.  D. 
Howard  Prairie,  Wis. 
Hull,  Pattersonville,  la. 
Luctor,  Kan. 
New  York  City,  Grace  Refd.,  7th  Ave.  & 

54th  St. 
New  York  City,  Yorkville,  (Ger.) 
Orange  City,  2d,  la. 

1886. 
Chicago,  Englewood.  111. 
Grand  Rapids,  5th,  Mich. 
Hope,  Westfield,  S.  D. 
Hospers,  la. 
Kalamazoo,  2d,  Mich. 
Monroe,  Aplington,  la. 
New  York  City,  Harlem,  2d,  Lenox  Ave. : 

Harlem  Collegiate. 
Olive  Leaf,  Wakonda,  S.  D. 
Ramsay,  Titonka,  la. 
Roseland,  Minn. 
Van  Raalte,  S.  D. 
Westwood,  N.  J. 


Hamilton  Grange,  Bronx,  N.  Y.  C. 
Palmyra,  N.  Y. 
Paterson,  Riverside,  N.  J. 
Rochester,  2d,  N.  Y. 
Waupun,  Wis. 

1888. 
Boyden,  la. 
Immanuel,  S.  D. 
La  Favette,  Ind. 
Sully, "Bethany,  la. 
Willow  Lakes,  S.  D. 

1889. 
Atwood,  Mich. 

Delaware,  Davis,  or  Lennox,  3d,  S.  D. 
Grand  Rapids,  6th,  Mich. 
Greenbush,  Wis. 
'Hull,  S.  D. 
Jamestown,  2d,  Mich. 
Kalamazoo,  3d,  Mich. 
Leighton,  Ebenezer,  la. 
Lennox,  2d,  S.  D. 
Le  Mars,  la. 

i8go. 
Chicago,  Roseland,  2d,  111. 
Cleveland,  2d,  O. 
East  Palatine,  N.  Y. 
Firth,  Neb. 

Grand  Rapids,  7th,  Mich. 
Highland  Park,  N.  J. 
Hingham,  Wis. 
Newtown  (Ger.).     Reorganized  ;  Queens, 

N.  Y.  C. 
New  York  City,  Vermilye  Chapel,  Colle- 
giate. 
Rehoboth,  Lucas,  Mich. 
Rock  Valley,  la. 
Summit,  111. 
Vogel  Centre,  Mich. 
Zion,  Chapin,  la. 

1891-1900. 


Bethany,  Leota,  la. 

Brooklyn,  South,  Church  of  Jesus,  N.  Y . 
Busrah,  Arabia  (station). 
Chicago,  Gano,  111. 
Chicago,  Trinity,  111. 
Edgewood,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  C. 
Galesburg,  la. 
Gardiner,  N.  Y. 
Garfield,  N.J. 
Grand  Rapids,  8th,  Mich. 
Hickman,  Neb. 
Hope,  Sheboygan,  Wis. 
Little  Falls,  2d,  N.  J. 
Muscatine,  la. 
Muskegon,  2d,  Mich. 
Oradell,N.  J. 

Philadelphia,  Talmage  Memorial,  Pa. 
1  Racine,  Wis. 

1  Ridgewood,  Evergreen.  Queens,  N.  Y.  C. 
Steinway,  Queens,  N.  Y.  C. 
Thiang,  China. 

1892. 
Amsterdam,  Trinity,  N.  Y. 
Anderson  Memorial  of  Belmont,  Bronx, 

N.  Y.  C. 
Bahrein,  Arabia  (station). 
Bath  -  on  -  Hudson,     reorganized;     now 

Rensselaer,  N.  Y. 
Brighton  (CI.  Rochester),  N.  Y. 
Brooklyn,  Greenwood  Heights,  N.  Y. 
Chicago,  Bethany,  111. 
Clifton,  N.  J. 
Davis,  S.  D. 
Elim.  White  Rock,  111. 
Falmouth,  Mich. 


IOS2 


APPENDIX. 


Hope,  (Jeorge,  la. 

Grand  Rapids,  9th,  Mich. 

Kalamazoo,  4th,  Mich. 

Moddersville,  Mich. 

New  York  Citv,  Second  Ave.  &  Seventh 

St.,  Collegiate. 
New    York  City,  West  End   Ave.  &   77th 

St.,  Collegiate. 
l'ati-rson,  People's  Park,  N.  J. 
Philmont,  X.  Y. 
Schenectadv,  Bellevue,  X.  Y. 
Schenectadv,  Mt.  Pleasant,  X.  Y, 
Wakonda,  S.  D. 
Yonkers,  Park  Hill,  X.  Y. 

1893. 
Britton,  Mich. 
Buffalo  Centre,  la. 
Chicago,  Northwestern,  111. 
Cromwell  Centre,  la. 
Chilam,  China. 
I  leMotte,  Ind. 
Ebenezer,  Scotland,  S.  1). 
Oeorge,  la. 

HasbrcHK'k  Heights,  X.  J. 
•  ■rand  Rapids,  10th,  Bethanv,  Mich. 
Roster,  111. 
M     Si  at,  Arabia  (station). 

New  Era,  Mich. 
\ '.-w  Hyde  Park,  L.  I. 
Randolph  Centre,  Wis. 
Yankton,  S.  D. 

189*. 
Baker,  Sibley,  la. 
Bethlehem,  New  Sharon,  la. 
Church  of  the  Comforter,  Bronx,  X.  Y.  C. 
Davis.  S.  D. 
East  Little  Rock,  la. 
Hawthorne    X.  J. 
Johnstown.  N.  \". 
Monroe  (Ger.),  S.  I '. 
North  Paterson,  X.  I. 
Pella,  4th,  la. 
a,  China. 
Salem,  la. 
Sheldon,  la. 

Silver  Creek,  Maple  Lake,  Minn. 
South  Little  Rock,  la. 

1895. 
Amara,  Arabia,  (station). 
Aphngton,  la. 
Carmel,  la. 
Glen  Rock,  X.  J. 
Hawthorne,  N.  J. 

Lake,  Minn. 
New  York  City.  34th  St.  Church  Chapel. 
Xew  York  Mills,  X.  Y. 
North  Sibley,  la. 
Port  Jervis,  ad,  X.  Y. 
Philadelphia,  South,  Pa. 
Salem,  S.  D.,  Reorganized. 
Syracuse, 2d,  X.  Y. 

I  [(       His,  the  Bronx,  X.  Y.  C, 
Collegiate. 
West  Hoboken,  X.  J. 


Alexander,  la. 

Altamont,  X.  Y. 

Bay  Ridge,  Brooklyn,  X.  Y.  C. 

Carmel.  la. 

Clara  City  (Hoi.),  Minn. 

Morrison,  Ebenezer,  111. 

Friesland,  Minn. 

Holland,  4th,  Mich. 

Kenosha,  Mich. 

Long  Is.  City,  Sunnyside.  Queens,  X.Y.C. 

Ontario,  X.  Y. 

Wormser  City,  Mont. 

1897. 
Albany,  6th,  X.  Y. 
I  Brooklyn,  Emmanuel,  X.  Y. 
Churchville,  Minn. 
Grand  Rapids,  Grace,  Mich. 
Montclair  Heights,  X.  J. 
Xasariyeh,  Arabia,  (station). 
Wellsburg,  la. 

1898. 
Bethel,  Mich. 
Buffalo,  X.  Y. 
Colony,  Okla. 
Lake  Shore,  Mich. 
Zoar,  la. 

1899. 
Bethany  Memorial,  Bronx,  X.  Y.  C. 
Clara  City,  Bethany  (Ger.),  Minn. 
Holland,  Gelderlarid,  Mich. 
Xew  Sharon,  la. 
Sioux  Centre,  Central  Ch.,  la. 
Wanaque,  X.J. 

1900. 

Archer,  la. 

Bogota,  X.  J. 

Church  of  the  Faithful,  Brown's  Station, 

X.  Y. 
Highwood,  X.  J. 
Kampen,  Md. 
KildulT.  la. 

Xorth  Yakima,  Wash. 
Prince's  Bay,  S.  I. 
Rochelle  Park,  X.  J. 
Wilhelmina,  Md. 

Woodlawn  Chapel,  Brooklyn,  X.  Y.  C. 
Worthing,  Lennox,  S.  D. 
Yonkers,  Mile  Square,  X.  Y. 

1901-10. 

1 901. 
Cordell,  Oklahoma  (station). 
Fort  Sill,  Oklahoma. 
Philadelphia,  Bethany,  Pa. 
Yakima,  Wash. 

1902. 
Harrison.  Oklahoma  (station). 
Liberty,  Oklahoma  (station). 
Pennsylvania  Lane,  111. 


widows'   IUND  AND  disabled   ministers'   FUND. 

I ■""!■  a  full  history  of  these  Funds,  see  the  Second  and  Third  Editions 
of  the  Manual.  Space  does  not  permit  their  reinsertion.  Suffice  it  to  say 
that  The  Widows'  Fund  now  amounts  to  about  $110,000,  and  the  Disabled 
Ministers'  Fund  to  about  $73,000.  Each  of  these  Funds  need  to  be  largely 
increased  to  meet  the  many  calls  made  on  them. 


